Thanks for bringing Z-Lib to my attention. I actually hadn't been familiar with that website, which seems a very useful (if legally doubtful) repository of PDFs not available at Archive.org or elsewhere.
I’m sure you know of this site and perhaps you don’t use it because it’s illegal in the US, but I did find copies of that book you were looking for (see below). And even for those who have the hardcopy, it’s useful to have the pdf as well, for searching text within the file:
That's exactly the point that I've been endlessly making but to minimal effect.
On December 12, 1916, the Central Powers, without stating terms, announced their willingness to enter into peace discussions. The move was hailed in the Yiddish press as evidence of the material and moral superiority of the Teutons. The press agreed that peace on Germany’s terms, implying the severance of Poland, Courland, Lithuania, and Bessarabia from Russian rule, would he beneficial to the Jewish population of these areas.
[You’re a notorious crank and this is not a Balfour Declaration thread. Your subsequent comments will be trashed.]
Ron Unz concluded:
Therefore, the fact that the very small and weak Zionist Jewish faction was won over by the Balfour Declaration had negligible impact on American policy or the course of the war.
Freedman's claims are worthless and anyone who takes him seriously is an idiot.
What about Benjamin Freedman’s claim that the British rejected Germany’s 1916 peace offer because Jewish leaders promised to bring America into the war in return for the Balfour declaration?
Freedman’s claims are worthless and anyone who takes him seriously is an idiot.
Well, perhaps it has slipped your mind, but we’ve been over all this before, and once again I invite you to point out any factual errors in Freedman’s account of the Peace Conference at Versailles.
https://www.unz.com/runz/donald-trump-eugene-debs-and-amlo/?showcomments#comment-6098791
I have previously stated that it was unnecessary to rely on what Benjamin Freedman said decades later because other accounts, by Zionists who were involved more directly (Sokolow and Landman). provide ample corroboration, in conjunction with events during a timeline, between the British government crisis in early December 1916, in which Chaim Weizmann's proposal on a Jewish homeland in Palestine played a role, until early April 1917, when a war declaration against Germany was approved. A two week period during the second half of March 1917 was the most crucial in coercing Wilson so switch his position on the question of going to war versus neutrality.
"...I invite you to point out any factual errors in Freedman’s account of the Peace Conference at Versailles."
Publicity and Timing (1917)
First Publication: The full text of the 67-word letter was first published in the British press on November 9, 1917, most notably in The Times of London under the headline "Official Sympathy".
Widespread Coverage: During December 1917, coverage increased as British troops captured Jerusalem. Dailies like the Liverpool Daily Post and the Yorkshire Evening Post published articles explicitly linking the military victory to the promises made in the Balfour Declaration.
International Reach: The Associated Press (AP) distributed a report on the declaration as early as November 9, 1917, which appeared in American newspapers like the Idaho Statesman. Even Egyptian newspapers, such as Al-Muqattam, received and published the text via telegram in November 1917
German and Enemy Response
The declaration was a matter of public record and was not hidden from Germany. In fact, German newspapers had been discussing the potential of a "Jewish Palestine" as early as mid-1917, even before the declaration was officially issued.
Strategic Propaganda: The British government released the declaration publicly in part to counter German propaganda efforts aimed at winning Jewish support worldwide.
German Awareness: By late 1917, German press outlets of various political leanings were reporting on Zionism and the British move, viewing it as a strategic threat to the Central Powers.
Liar, liar, pants on fire. starts off the new year with the same old lies.Replies: @Sparkon
In relation to the ZOG orchestrated JFK coup d’etat, Sparkie pretends not to see the evidence which is all around him [...] A little birdie told me that there was every likelihood that Sparkie was one of the two degenerates featured in that clip.
To All Good Men Of Good Will Everywhere
On Our Beautiful Planet Earth:
Prosper; Be Honest And Free,
And Have A Happy New Year 2026!
He pretends like the following UR article titled 'How Israel Killed the Kennedys' (and numerous like it in this webzine over the years), don't exist:
I’m still waiting for that “deluge of proof” Troofie, which is all in your deluged and deluded brain
So I ask you UR readers, does the following 3 min video (exhibiting the typical mask wearing snitching-on-his-neighbour moron during he Covid Psyop), look like it's fake?:
Troof Vigil Auntie is himself a proven liar here at Unz Review, having repeatedly posted a video of some dude at Walmart while falsely claiming it was I, which is simply another type of fake video and another type of lying
In relation to the ZOG orchestrated JFK coup d’etat, Sparkie pretends not to see the evidence which is all around him […] A little birdie told me that there was every likelihood that Sparkie was one of the two degenerates featured in that clip.
Liar, liar, pants on fire. starts off the new year with the same old lies.
No, the transliteration “Vikhman” used here by Karl Nemmersdorf is the usual Cyrillic-Roman transliteration standard that also reflects or mimics the Russian pronunciation, and is entirely correct as long as one knows that Russian “и” is transliterated as “i” but in fact is pronounced as “ee” or the same as our English “Long E.”
В и х м а н = V i kh m a n = V ee kh m a n
But I think Yezhov is a better transliteration of Ежов, than Ezhov, for the same reason.
These were collated and finalized by Ezhov, head of the NKVD,
Troof Vigil Auntie wrote:
2) Refused to admit ZOG orchestrated the JFK assassination – despite a deluge of proof that implicates the yids.
I’m still waiting for that “deluge of proof” Troofie, which is all in your deluged and deluded brain. Kindly put up something of merit beyond yet another of your laughable personal attacks, or shut the flap up.
We’ve already got far too many of our own, home-grown American crackpots active here, and certainly have no need for the much-inferior Australian variety.
I will take the opportunity to say again that the multitude of obviously fake videos from 9/11, when coupled with the complete lack of expected (and independently verifiable) jetliner wreckage at any of the alleged 9/11 crash sites, should be all any good analyst needs to arrive at the correct conclusion that there were no real hijacked jetliners on 9/11.
That’s even before one gets to the absurdity of it all: that those wimpy little Arabs were somehow able to overpower big strong American pilots before they could even hit the hijacked button, and then were able to unerringly pilot their hijacked 767s into both Twin Towers while flying at cruising speed and completing acrobatic maneuvers down to 1000 ft. altitude, when these same “student pilots” could not qualify to rent a light plane, and could barely even drive a car!
If further verification is needed, all one need do is consider Pres. Bush’s nonchalance and failure to evacuate Booker School immediately after Card supposedly told him of the 2nd attack on the WTC and that “America is under attack.”
By staying put and taking no action, Pres. Bush not only failed to faithfully discharge his responsibilities as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Air Force, United States Army, United States Navy, and United States Marine Corps — thus committing treason — but he also put himself and everyone else at the Booker School in mortal danger.
What was to prevent another hijacked airliner from crashing into that school at any second, what with a busy intercontinental airport just a few miles away, and President Bush attending a well-publicized event?
Nothing at all except Pres. George W. Bush’s sure knowledge that there were no real hijacked jetliners on 9/11. He knew the whole thing was a false flag attack orchestrated to put the blame on Arabs, and justify the U.S. going into war mode to track them all down.
Pres. Bush subsequently shot himself in the other foot when he lied on at least two occasions, claiming he had watched an airplane crash into the WTC on TV while he was waiting to go into the Booker classroom.
Poor George apparently didn’t realize there was no such live TV broadcast on 9/11 so we can be 100% certain that Pres. Bush was lying.
Liar liar, pants on fire!
Of course, Troof Vigil Auntie is himself a proven liar here at Unz Review, having repeatedly posted a video of some dude at Walmart while falsely claiming it was I, which is simply another type of fake video and another type of lying, i.e. the false accusation, which seems to be the stock & trade of the worst type of humans.
He pretends like the following UR article titled 'How Israel Killed the Kennedys' (and numerous like it in this webzine over the years), don't exist:
I’m still waiting for that “deluge of proof” Troofie, which is all in your deluged and deluded brain
So I ask you UR readers, does the following 3 min video (exhibiting the typical mask wearing snitching-on-his-neighbour moron during he Covid Psyop), look like it's fake?:
Troof Vigil Auntie is himself a proven liar here at Unz Review, having repeatedly posted a video of some dude at Walmart while falsely claiming it was I, which is simply another type of fake video and another type of lying
Personally, I tend to think that more credit should be given to Boney M.
I am hardly a Russian specialist, but prior to reading McMeekin’s book, I had never considered the importance of Rasputin’s killing,
I‘d never heard this before, so thanks for playing it. While Boney M’s “Rasputin” has a pretty good if not somewhat formulaic disco beat for dancing, the lyrics are wretched in both form and substance, pure doggerel crudely perpetuating all the old lies and myths about Rasputin.
I couldn’t understand most of it anyway until I found and read the lyrics online, which seemed a better option than donning earbuds to try and make out what they were singing (see below), but reportedly the energetic dancer, the late Bobby Farrell, never sang and merely growled.
It’s interesting that West German band Boney M had quite a few major hits worldwide, including “Daddy Cool” and “Rasputin,” but only “Rivers of Babylon” ever charted in Billboard’s Top 100, reaching #30 in 1978.
Happy New Year!
https://genius.com/Boney-m-rasputin-lyrics
Well, needless to say (I hope!) I was not proposing this as serious history. That said, I suppose if Hollywood was going to make a movie about Rasputin, the story you would get would almost certainly approximate what is in the Boney M song lyrics.
the lyrics are wretched in both form and substance, pure doggerel crudely perpetuating all the old lies and myths about Rasputin.
Of course they did...
The Beatles did have some Dothead guru if memory serves me right ( only 8 in 1969 but saw photos in magazines later ) but yes “ I can see clearly now.”
Lennon: “We (= The Beatles) are more popular than Jesus Christ.” – – – That is the realm in which he failed big style. Imagine is the perfect result – an esthetic crash landing in the realms of kitsch and borrowed superiority. – Imagine as one of the rather influential blue(s)prints for the Woke Mindset.
The arbitrarily stitched-together view of the era from your knitting basket is evident in your failure to understand that Lennon was speaking ironically about the decline of religion in the UK when he made that remark, which the U.S. media took out of context several months later, some portraying it as sacrilegious self-aggrandizement and braggadocio, disinformation that initially infuriated hillbilly Christians in the United States, spreading from the southern U.S. Bible Belt around the world, more proof still that monkey see, monkey do.
Oh come on! Reign in your hyperbole.
It’s difficult to imagine any female less attractive than Hillary.
Oh come on!
Reignrein in your hyperbole.
Oops. Should be “rein in” and not “reign in.”
So are we to take it that a certain Epstein is our latter day Rasputin. There is more to the rhyme in their names, perhaps?
A Dalton School yearbook photo of schoolteacher Jeffrey Epstein shows the name “EPSTINE” written on the blackboard behind him, which is a pretty strong indication, I’d think, of how he wanted his name pronounced, at least at the time.
Mr. Epstein in the 1975 yearbook of the Dalton School.
Photo: New York Times
Now all the talking heads are pronouncing Epstein’s name as “EPSTEEN,” which has led you to think it rhymes with Rasputin (Распутин), which Bama, #32 below, thinks is “Razbuteen,” trying to muddy the waters, display his ignorance of Cyrillic, or something, but he’s the same guy who’s accused me recently of covering for Evangelicals — of all the idiotic false accusations one could make — and other nonsense, when I’ve made it perfectly and abundantly clear I’m agnostic, and don’t believe in either Jesus Christ, or the Bible, which are core beliefs of all Evangelicals.
Anyway, It’s conceivable if not plausible that we’re in something of a Wag the Dog scenario, if I understand the plot, where the dirt on The Donald is so dire and deep that he’ll use any available distraction at hand — even war — to keep the Epstein files out of the headlines.
As for Rasputin himself, he was advocating peace, so that made him many enemies.
It’s difficult to imagine any female less attractive than Hillary.
Oh come on! Reign in your hyperbole.
Young Ms. Rodham was certainly no great beauty, and was not attractive to me at all, but she wasn’t a total dog, either, and she had some mildly cute looks when she was young. I’d give her about the same rating as Kelly Clarkson, or about a 6 on the Bo Derek scale of 10.
Judging by this picture, at least, Hillary’s biggest physical shortcomings were her short, thick, unattractive legs, and that round face and head.
But it was her naked will to power that was the glaring liability that turned most of us off to Hillary Rodham Clinton, not her looks.
Audio of excerpts from Hillary Rodham’s 1969 Wellesley commencement speech has no video, but a number of stills of young Ms. Rodham, and she really does come across as a smug, self-righteous, spoiled little snot.
Oops. Should be "rein in" and not "reign in."
Oh come on!Reignrein in your hyperbole.
LOL
On the other hand, the Dark Ages themselves were very, very dark. There are qualifications to be made, but politically, economically, intellectually, even demographically — it was a cess-pit. What ‘learning’ there was was a kind of ritual repetition of half-understood formula, repeated as an incantation against the growing blackness. Monks — if they actually looked at the scrolls they copied at all — had about as much comprehension of them as a Jewish boy at his Bar Mitzvah does of the Hebrew he’s reading.
Modern “Enlightened” man couldn’t even come close to building something that majestic and inspiring. Even with all his technology.
Well, with all that gold, Trump would surely like it, but I’m pretty sure your images show Gothic cathedrals that were built in the 12th – 16th centuries.
Many modern historians have been trying to deprecate the term, but the so-called “Dark Ages” were a period of reduced sunshine, cool weather, crop failures, famine, and disease that was brought on by the eruption of one or more volcanoes beginning in 536:
The volcanic winter of 536 was among the most severe and protracted episodes of climatic cooling in the Northern Hemisphere in the last two thousand years. The volcanic winter was caused by at least three eruptions of uncertain origin, with several possible locations proposed in various continents.
In early AD 536 (or possibly late 535), an eruption ejected great amounts of sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere, reducing the solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and cooling the atmosphere for several years. In March 536, Constantinople began experiencing darkened skies and lower temperatures.
Summer temperatures in 536 fell by as much as 2.5 °C (4.5 °F) below normal in Europe. The lingering effect of the volcanic winter of 536 was augmented in the years 539 and 540, when another volcanic eruption caused summer temperatures to decline as much as 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) below normal in Europe. There is evidence of still another volcanic eruption in 547 that would have extended the cool period.
The volcanic eruptions caused crop failures, and were accompanied by the Plague of Justinian, famine, and millions of deaths and initiated the Late Antique Little Ice Age, which lasted from 536 to 660
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_winter_of_536
Gothic cathedrals were built several centuries later during a subsequent period of global cooling with no known cause that was blamed on witches. Commonly called The Little Ice Age, this was the period of relentless bad weather and failed crops when superstitious humans began burning so-called witches at the stake, all with encouragement from the Roman Catholic Pope Innocent VIII and his Papal Bull of 1484 Summis desiderantes affectibus
“Many persons of both sexes, unmindful of their own salvation and straying from the Catholic Faith, have abandoned themselves to devils, incubi and succubi, and by their incantations, spells, conjurations, and other accursed charms and crafts, enormities and horrid offences, have slain infants yet in the mother’s womb, as also the offspring of cattle, have blasted the produce of the earth, the grapes of the vine, the fruits of the trees, nay, men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pasture-land, corn, wheat, and all other cereals; these wretches furthermore afflict and torment men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, with terrible and piteous pains and sore diseases, both internal and external; they hinder men from performing the sexual act and women from conceiving … they blasphemously renounce that Faith which is theirs by the Sacrament of Baptism, and at the instigation of the Enemy of Mankind they do not shrink from committing and perpetrating the foulest abominations and filthiest excesses to the deadly peril of their own souls … the abominations and enormities in question remain unpunished not without open danger to the souls of many and peril of eternal damnation.”
— Pope Innocent VIII
Princess Tower and nearby structures, Dubai, UAE
Thank you for the reply. It is obvious that I am not going to change your way of thinking regarding CONtrails vs. CHEMtrails, so I will not even bother to try.
You’re welcome; ‘my pleasure, but you already did try.
In response, I’ve presented enough facts to overturn your mistaken beliefs, but you simply ignore it all with eyes wide shut because obviously those are not the facts you’re looking for.
From my perspective, so-called Chemtrails are in the same category as Flat Earth, Crop Circles, Jesus Christ and CAGW, all of which have their multitudes of true believers and deluded devotees, because, as has been noted in several ways over the years …
“…this planet may be the lunatic asylum of the universe.”
Happy Holidays!
UR readers need to be aware, that Sparkie is the same bloke that:
From my perspective, so-called Chemtrails are in the same category as Flat Earth, Crop Circles, Jesus Christ ....
Well, your people fight the wars for them.
Many of my people — my generation — fought in Vietnam; at least the unlucky 2.7 million or so GIs did who drew that bad assignment and got those bad orders, in some cases, to hop out of a helicopter in a hot LZ surrounded and under fire from a bunch of little Vietnamese men shooting at them with AK-47s and RPGs, an assignment and duty I was very happy to have missed while serving in Japan, where the greatest dangers may have been AP Alley, bar girls, booze, cigarettes, and bloody mids.
Somehow, I really doubt very many of those guys hopping into a hot LZ thought they were doing it all for Israel or Jews; at least, I’ve never heard any such thing from the many Vietnam vets I’ve talked with over the years, most of whom have told me their primary purpose in Vietnam was simply to stay alive, and help their buddies stay alive.
Nevertheless, there were certainly sentiments from those GIs who made it home alive about not fighting “another rich man’s war.” Of course, not all the GIs who fought in Vietnam were white, and currently whites make up roughly two-thirds of active duty U.S. armed forces.
"We Won't Fight Another Rich Man's War!!!" – Vietnam Veterans Against the War, circa 1970. [2500×1673]
byu/sverdrupian inHistoryPorn
At the outset of the Second Indochina War, there was certainly quite a bit of old fashioned red, white & blue American patriotism, but that didn’t endure very well or last very long as reports emerged of bloody battles for hills that were almost immediately abandoned after hundreds of GIs had been slain fighting their way to the summit, as occurred in autumn 1967 in the battle for Hill 875 at Dak To, which was really the event and point in time when U.S. public opinion began turning against the war, as its purposelessness was obvious already in the wake of Dak To, which was well before the Tet Offensive several months later that is often cited as the turning point.
https://news.gallup.com/vault/191828/gallup-vault-hawks-doves-vietnam.aspx
I suppose each generation has to fight its own battles and learn its own lessons, but the younger generations now are handicapped by their poor scholarship and resulting ignorance of even basic history, so it’s easy enough for these ignoramuses to play the blame game because they’re apparently too stupid for anything else.
But I don’t get this idea of the White Hive Mind you seem to think exists. Indeed, I’ll again make the point that white people have spent a lot of time and energy fighting and killing each other – witness the war in Ukraine — and I’ve already said or implied many times I think H. sapiens is a flawed, gullible, and warlike species, skilled at deceit, devoted to ritual, prone to self-delusion, and notable especially in its need for revenge.
And of course, it’s not just the white guys of H. sapiens who are violent and warlike, witness China’s invasion of Vietnam in 1979, with thousands perhaps 10s of 1000s of casualties on both sides — all Orientals — but exact figures remain unknown because both sides lie, and the Rwandan Genocide that same year of 1979 when the Hutu slaughtered several hundred thousand Tutsi men, all of them black Africans, and raped almost as many black African women.
But it’s the holidays, so that’s enough murder and mayhem for now.
The Balfour Declaration did not create the monster of 1948 spearheaded by the U.S.
Sure it did. That was one of its primary purposes, which was to drag the United States into WWI (with Untermeyr blackmailing Pres. W. Wilson as described by Benjamin Freedman), which led to Versailles, which set the stage for WWII, during which the Nazis were helping Zionists move to Palestine with good German agricultural equipment via the Transfer Agreement, but the other primary purpose was the creation of the Zionist state itself in Palestine, just as had been predicted by Max Nordau in his 1903 Paris speech, where he laid it all out like the rungs on a ladder: the future world war followed by a peace conference, where with help of mighty England, the Jews would get Palestine.
Good for you for opposing all our wars. Now get up off your duff, look in the mirror and see that you are one of those making excuses for Evangelicals and our false patriotism.
You’re flipping deluded, dude, to think I’m making excuses “for Evangelicals and our false patriotism” or that you’ve got any authority with me, moral or otherwise, but I see you dodged my question about what you did to oppose Bush’s illegal invasion of Iraq in 2003.
For a longer, more detailed discussion about Nordau’s 1903 prediction of a future world war and peace conference where the Jews would get Palestine with England’s help, please see:
https://www.unz.com/runz/donald-trump-eugene-debs-and-amlo/?showcomments#comment-6098791
…or search my comment history for “Nordau”.
You need to alight yourself from your high horse and take responsibility.
Responsibility for what? I wasn’t born in 1917 — nor were many people still alive today — when the Balfour Declaration provided the Zionists with their official ticket of admission to Palestine, which led to the subsequent establishment of the Jewish kingdom there after WWII.
Well, that was in 1947, so sure, maybe I should have jumped out of my crib at that point, sprouted wings like a little angel, and flew off to Washington DC to complain to Pres. Truman about his middle-of-the-night recognition of the newly declared state of Israel when it was still tangled up in its own afterbirth!
Or maybe my pals and I should have jumped on our low horses and rode off to Topeka, Kansas to tell those idiots on the school board there to shut the flub up! back in 1954.
Or I suppose by now I should have just gone back in time to the Civil War era, and fought against the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, so you’ve got me there…
Alas, back to reality, there wasn’t much I could do in 1973 when Pres. Nixon’s Operation Nickel Grass gave the IAF what amounted to an entire new air force after most of its existing air fleet had been virtually wiped out in a surprise attack by the Egyptian and Syrian air forces.
That critical resupply of the IDF in 1973 seems to have set up what amounts to a nice cash cow for American weapons manufacturers like Lockheed Martin, Northrup Grumman, Raytheon, and Boeing, not that Israel is the only customer of those Merchants of Death, but these days, nobody drops bombs like the IAF!
Mass stupidity has allowed it all to happen.
Sure, and I suppose that’s probably my fault too, but at least I’ve opposed every war Uncle Sam has waged since I got out of the service. I joined millions worldwide in early 2003 protesting Bush’s planned illegal invasion of Iraq.
What did you do?
The world and its humanity turned upside down by American empowerment of Israel and world Jewry.
Not really. The original empowerment of a Jewish state in Palestine came out of the so-called Balfouor Declaration presented by the 100+ strong Jewish delegation at the Paris Peace Accords in Versailles after WWI, and the Balfour Declaration itself originated in Blighty aka Great Britain aka Perfidious Albion, almost exactly as predicted by World Zionist Organization co-founders Theodor Herzl in 1897 and Max Nordau in 1903, neither of whom was American.
Dumb ass whites. Nothing like them. Too late, too bad. Whites just buried themselves.
Trying to blame the victims?
As a white guy, I’m beyond disgusted with this blame game, so please put away your sloppy broad brush, and try instead to work with the accuracy and precision of a technical pen.
Put your pen points on the responsible parties — name names! — and quit playing the lazy man’s identity politics please.
Apparently, you are confusing two separate and distinct subjects – CONtrails and CHEMtrails […] Unlike CONtrails, the paths of CHEMtrails criss-cross at various times, something that normal passenger jet traffic rarely does, since they fly in definite “corridors” and for the most part, the corridors are parallel to each other.
Nope. I’m sorry but ’tis you who’s confused.
I’ve been studying contrails since the late 1970s, when I became convinced that my part of the Midwest was not as sunny as I remembered it from my youth, and after a lot of digging, I discovered the paper by the Univ. of Illinois researchers, which confirmed my worst fears and verified my suspicion that the contrails I had rarely seen in my neck of the woods back in the 1950s had to be the responsible agent for the increasing cirrus cloud cover I had been rather gloomily noticing since returning to the Midwest after being out of the area for a number of years while serving overseas with the USAF.
Contrails do have a chemical composition, of course, so there is that to consider, and living around airports, or especially, working on flight lines, may not be healthy, but the idea that the U.S. Government — or somebody — is intentionally trying to poison us with chemicals in jet exhaust is absurd, as far as I’m concerned.
You are simply mixed up about both contrails, which can form at any altitude, and about commercial jet travel, which is between cities that do not lie in nice neat parallel paths to each other, so of course some flight corridors must cross, but not at the same altitude. .
In your area (Tennessee), you’ve near busy airports in Nashville and Memphis, and are well situated to get cross traffic between, for example, Atlanta and Chicago — two of the nation’s busiest airports — in one direction, and air traffic between Memphis, Dallas, Houston, Phoenix to the southwest, and NYC, Philly, DC etc in the northeast, in the other direction.
https://images.airlineroutemaps.com/maps/Delta_Air_Lines.gif
Delta Air Lines Routes
Of course, that’s just one airline, and pilots don’t really like flying in another jet’s contrail because it reduces visibility, so they’re going to choose a slightly different course and make a new contrail across the sky.
Take a look at Flight Radar sometime:
https://www.flightradar24.com/38.81,-101.59/5
Finally if the U.S. Government or some nefarious entity is intent on poisoning us with chemicals, why not just put these chemicals in the gas of the little USPS putt putts the mail carriers often drive through every neighborhood? Or, better I mean worse yet, why not just put it in our gas? Or even our bottled beer?
Less Filling!
Tastes Great!
Happy New Year!
Trump Floundering Efforts to Shore Up US Hegemony
I don’t disagree with most of Michael Hudson’s criticisms of Pres. Trump here, but “flounder” is an intransitive verb.
So while Trump himself and many of his vain and goofy efforts are indeed floundering, he can’t flounder anything.
But he sure can F___ things Up
The quick and easy fix here is the simple addition of apostrophe s to make Trump “own” or possess the floundering efforts:
Trump’s Floundering Efforts to Shore UP US Hegemony
While Agnostics reject the Bible and Christianity, we do not necessarily rule out the possibility of some cosmic deity or spiritual entities. However, we Agnostics do rule out man’s ability to communicate with any of those things, as well as related claims of visitations, miracles, resurrections, prophesies, and all the rest of that familiar religious tosh.
There may have been cosmic events that impressed themselves on man’s memory as nothing else could, and indeed, the geological record is full of indications of relatively rapid fluctuations in conditions on Earth from the onset of the recession of the last visit of the global ice sheets, beginning roughly 20,000 BCE that were especially noticeable during the so-called Younger Dryas period of rapid temperature fluctuations about 13,000 BCE, which corresponds to the period of rapid extermination and/or extirpation of most megafauna globally, especially in N. America.
Like virtually all stars, our Sun is variable. We have been very fortunate indeed that during its recent cycles, the Sun’s variations have been minor, but that almost certainly has not been the case in the past, nor will it be the case in the future.
Personally, I get along fine without worshiping anything. Your needs may vary, of course.
Merry Christmas!
The thing is the Bush Administration and all subsequent administrations, as well as those previous ones back to at least Johnson, are and were owned lot, stock and barrel by the Mossad and the CIA. I am of course being redundant because the Mossad and the CIA are basically two sides of the same filthy coin.
You’re not being redundant as much as you’re simply making excuses for Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Myers, Eberhard and the other individual 9/11 criminals by pointing fingers at the institutions of the Mossad and CIA, who can’t be taken to court, but in any case, your misleading metaphor entirely overlooks the Mafia, Masons, MI6, and U.S. Military, as well as the many American munitions manufacturers that make most of the airplanes flown by the Israeli Air Force as well as the bombs they drop, all of which makes their corporate cash registers ring like jingle bells.
It really is like Christmas every day when you’re selling arms to Uncle Sam or one of his brothers-in-arms like the IDF.
One this is for sure. The foreign country who most benefitted from 9/11, was Israel by a mile.
In the chaotic and bloody quarter-century since Bush’s 9/11 false flag, the United States has been squandering its wealth, prestige, and young men making war in the Middle East and Central Asia.
Meanwhile, during that same period, China has emerged as a major world economic and military power to challenge the United States as the PLA fields impressive new weapons even as China continues growing its major cities with towering new skyscrapers.
Finally, was it an Israeli TV station that prematurely announced the destruction of WTC 7 on 9/11, or was it the BBC?
On which side of the funky fruitcake are Blighty’s BBC, whose Jane Standley made the premature announcement of WTC 7’s destruction, and the American MSM, which broadcast the phony videos of jetliners crashing into the Twin Towers on Black Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001?
I must say that we have an eyewitness who said it was a large plane that crashed first. And then as we were watching the live picture here in the studio, we saw a plane crash into the — crash into the other tower of the World Trade Center. And again, let’s to be sure, there it is. There it is, the plane went right through the other tower of the World Trade Center.
— CNN, Sept. 11, 2001
[my bold]
https://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0109/11/bn.01.html
Your fruitcakes may vary, of course.
Of course not. They also had no intention of attacking the U.S.S. Liberty. It was just a terrible mistake. Oy Vey.
Apples and Oranges.
Nobody with any knowledge of the affair disputes the intentional nature of the Israeli attacks on the USS Liberty on June 8, 1967, or the treasonous involvement of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson in calling back the fighters sent to help the Liberty in her hour of greatest distress.
I remember it all well because I was on active duty at the time with USAFSS.
As far as I can tell, neither Bush, nor Cheney, nor Rumsfeld nor Myers nor Eberhard are/were Israelis, so I suppose to make it clear for everyone, I should start calling them The Dancing Americans to indicate they were the bad actors who were directly involved in the charade of 9/11, each doing his own little jig in that made-for-TV psychodrama.
9/11 was built around the false pretense that Kamikaze Arabs had hijacked some jetliners and were flying them into buildings on Sept. 11, 2001, except of course the building at Booker School in Sarasota Florida, where Pres. Bush, his party, the schoolkids and teachers were apparently protected from any hijacked jetliners, even those from nearby Bradenton International Airport, by Bush’s Reality Distortion Field, fueled by his sure knowledge there were no real hijacked jetliners, and no real danger that any hijacked jetliner might crash through the roof at Booker any second, so of course there was no need at all for Bush and his party to get their little tail bones on out of there in all due haste, as the hijacked jetliner narrative demanded, because it was all just a charade.
Contrails or “Chemtrails” came up in a previous discussion in the context of AI’s reliability.
If you’re trying to calibrate an AI, one certainly should not start with a controversial topic like Chemtrails, which I dismiss as an urban legend. Contrails form when atmospheric conditions are right, and the jet is flying high enough for the water vapor in its jet exhaust to freeze.
Yes, that’s correct: contrails (condensation trails) form when hot, humid water vapor from a jet’s exhaust mixes with the extremely cold, low-pressure air at high altitudes, causing the vapor to rapidly condense and freeze around tiny exhaust particles (soot/aerosols) into visible ice crystals, similar to seeing your breath on a cold day.
These trails are essentially artificial cirrus clouds, and their lifespan depends on the air’s humidity and temperature, sometimes lasting minutes and sometimes spreading into larger clouds
— Google AI
That is not to say, however, that contrails are necessarily harmless.
The best place to start with the subject is probably research done at the Univ. of Illinois in the late ’70s and early ’80s showing that contrails from increasing jet travel over the U.S. Midwest had resulted in reduced sunlight reaching the ground in several U.S. states that are often dismissed by coast-to-coast travelers as “flyover states.”
Research conducted by Stan Changnon at the University of Illinois and the Illinois State Water Survey in the late 1970s and early 1980s did investigate the relationship between jet aircraft activity, increased cloudiness (specifically cirrus), and a reduction in incoming sunlight.
Changnon’s 1981 study, and subsequent related research, analyzed records of sky cover, sunshine, and temperature from 1901 to 1977 across a 10-state Midwestern area. The analysis revealed long-term trends of increasing cloudy days and decreasing clear days, with a decrease in the percent of possible sunshine.
Key findings included:
The greatest shifts to cloudier, less sunny conditions occurred after 1960.
This shift was most prominent in an east-west zone across parts of southern Iowa, northern Missouri, northern Illinois and Indiana, southern Wisconsin, and southern Michigan – an area that experienced the highest levels of commercial jet traffic.
The localized changes suggested that the increased cloudiness was likely related to “jet-induced cirrus” (contrails).Later research, notably a 2002 study published in Nature led by David Travis of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater (citing work by Changnon and others), further supported the idea that contrails reduce the daily temperature range (cooler days, warmer nights) by reflecting sunlight during the day and trapping heat at night. This research used data from the three days following the September 11, 2001 attacks, when U.S. air traffic was grounded, to show an anomalous increase in the day-night temperature range due to the absence of contrails.
— ibid
Contrail-induced warmer nights have contributed to the Urban Heat Island effect where man-made materials in built-up urban areas retain daytime heat well into the evening hours, skewing the surface temperature record with man-made local warming that has been pressed onto the gullible as man-made global warming.
Extrapolating from these possibilities, as one of the original 9/11 truthers, Trump may be aware the Israelis did 9/11, assassinated JFK, tried to assassinate him twice, and assassinated Charlie Kirk.
There is no good evidence Israel had anything to do with JFK’s assassination, nor with 9/11, so give it up with the broken record already, will you?
It is “original 9/11 truthers” like thyself who have successfully muddied the waters with nonstop nonsense about “Israeli art students” in the WTC, and “Dancing Israelis” in the Doric apartments’ parking lot.
However, I do realize that’s about all we’re ever going to hear at Unz Review, where I’m still waiting for regular UR contributor Dr. Kevin Barrett to acknowledge at long last that those often-cited, so-called “Israeli art students” in the WTC before 9/11 were Austrians and not Israelis, a tainted tidbit that has led many of you astray, just like the so-called “Dancing Israelis” — another favorite mantra of the Deluded Right — who were never observed or reported to have been dancing on 9/11.
Kneeling: yes, but dancing: no.
Got any proof? Not that I care; I don't recall that any art students were ever proven to have contributed to the pre-loading of explosives into WTCs 1, 2 & 7, but I do recall seeing images of what was reputed to be boxes of fuses associated with those so-called ‘students’. As I say, no big deal, but I suppose you will admit to the pre-loading of explosives? It's all sooo long ago, now [and not too many care anymore]. Re no good evidence Israel ..:At any criminal investigation, one may consider means, motive and opportunity, but a more complete list includes premeditation, presence, any modus operandi and cui bono? Re cui:
those often-cited, so-called “Israeli art students” in the WTC before 9/11 were Austrians and not Israelis, a tainted tidbit
and then came WC7in5, mostly Israeli targets = ((they)) were the main beneficiaries.
On the very day of the attacks of 9/11 Benjamin Netanyahu initially said, “It’s very good.” He then immediately "edited himself," clarifying: “Well, not very good, but it will generate immediate sympathy”
Well I suppose Ron Unz will be happy to see the first paragraph of this excerpt from Walt Disney’s Wikipedia article, where Disney expressed some Isolationist if not anti-war sentiments, which I certainly missed, as did Copilot. I hadn’t finished reading the lengthy Disney Wikipedia article as I kept getting distracted before I reached the Reputation section near the end, especially by the Animators’ Strike of 1941 and Art Babbit. I don’t know what Copilot’s excuse is:
According to [Neal] Gabler, Disney was apolitical and “something of a political naïf” during the 1930s and he had previously told one reporter – as tensions in Europe were brewing – that America should “let ’em fight their own wars” claiming he had “learned my lesson” from World War I.
Gabler also noted that in late 1939, Disney was going over a scale model of a new studio to be built in Burbank, when one animator suddenly asked him how the recently begun war in Europe would affect its construction, to which Disney responded by asking, “What war?”
During World War II, Disney was actively involved in making propaganda films against the Nazis, both for the general public (such as Der Fuehrer’s Face and Education for Death), as well as educational and training films exclusively for the United States Government.
As early as October 1940 (over a year before America’s entry into the war), Disney began enlisting contracts from various branches of the United States Armed Forces to make training films, and in March 1941 he held a luncheon with Government representatives formally offering his services
“…for national defence industries at cost and without profit. In making this offer, I am motivated solely by a desire to help as best I can in the present emergency.”
These training films contained highly classified information and required the highest level of security clearance to be viewed. If Disney had any previous sympathies toward Nazism, the U.S. Government would have disqualified him from making these films
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney
[Reputation]
Screen Cartoonist Guild strike at Disney
At that point in early 1941, the only real “emergency” was at Disney Studios, as both Pinnochio and Fantasia released in 1940 had not been profitable because the war in Europe limited distribution, forcing Disney into the layoffs that sparked the Animators’ Strike.
I think the nattily dressed chap walking the picket line while reading a newspaper is Art Babbitt.
You seem to have absolutely no understanding of the proper historical method. That's obviously because you're just some sort of random crank who hangs around this website.
I have found only one solid reference that associates Disney with the America First movement, which is only his name listed in a New York newspaper, a pro America First newspaper, who had every reason to list as many famous people as possible who had expressed some agreement with the movement’s principles. If you find more than this, in terms of primary sources, please post them here.
As someone mentioned upthread, roughly 80% of all Americans opposed military involvement in WWII and America First had 800,000 members, being perhaps the largest grass-roots political organization in our country's history. So it certainly seems very plausible that Disney could have been a member along with all those other dozens of very prominent individuals who are regularly listed.
Yes — Walt Disney is listed as a member of the America First Committee, the major U.S. pre-World War II isolationist organization that opposed American entry into the European war. Multiple historical sources describe him among the group’s members during 1940–41.
I generally don’t put a great deal of faith in AIs on these sorts of things, but ChatGPT seemed pretty definitive in the answer it gave me:
Ron, ChatGPT43 is worthless for factual information. ChatGPT was never designed to be factual, but it was designed instead simply to pass the Turing Test by pretending to be a very smart human interlocutor, and so it indeed “seems to be pretty definitive” — like any good conman — but ChatGPT43 is known to fabricate “facts” and hallucinate, and now it has led you astray.
Microsoft’s Copilot uses GPT5, and Copilot denies there is any proof that Walt Disney was ever a member of the America First Committee. Copilot also denies that Walt Disney ever himself claimed to be a member of the America First Committee, which aligns with my own Google searches and Wikipedia’s list of members, where Walt Disney’s name does not appear, so it’s another of your nothing-burgers, Ron: Big buns, lots of mustard and relish … but no beef.
So it certainly seems very plausible that Disney could have been a member along with all those other dozens of very prominent individuals who are regularly listed.
If you can find any reputable historical or writer who has ever challenged the claim that Disney was a member of America First then you’ve at least started to raise some doubts.
I can’t for the life of me understand at all why you’re defending this insignificant anthill, when Walt Disney never showed even the slightest anti-war sentiments before, during, or after the war.
Indeed, war work kept Disney Studios afloat during the war, and comprised 90% of its activities during the war, which certainly helped it proper, so if anything, the facts suggest Mr. Disney might even have been quietly pro-war.
The America First Committee never published any membership rolls and its alleged 800,000 membership is merely an estimate, so there’s nothing at all to stick a fork into. It’s a swing and a miss, or an air ball, Ron, leaving you without any proof.
Indeed, Walt Disney’s own statements to the HUAC overturn your argument. Disney said there were so many smears against him during the cartoonists’ strike that it was useless to even try to deny any of it.
[Walt Disney] …and he laughed at me and told me I was naive and foolish. He said, you can’t stand this strike, I will smear you, and I will make a dust bowl out of your plant.
Chairman: What was that?
Walt Disney: He said he would make a dust bowl out of my plant if he chose to. I told him I would have to go that way, sorry, that he might be able to do all that, but I would have to stand on that.
The result was that he struck. I believed at that time that Mr. Sorrell was a Communist […] When he pulled the strike, the first people to smear me and put me on the unfair list were all of the Commie front organizations. I can’t remember them all, they change so often, but one that is clear in my mind is the League of Women Shoppers, The People’s World, The Daily Worker, and the PM magazine in New York. They smeared me. […] and generally throughout the world all of the Commie groups began smear campaigns against me and my pictures.
John McDowell: In what fashion was that smear, Mr. Disney, what type of smear?
Walt Disney: Well, they distorted everything, they lied; there was no way you could ever counteract anything that they did; […] They claimed things that were not true at all and there was no way you could fight it back.
[my edits]
Mangled Language and Idle Amusements Dept.
Why The Neanderthals Human Species Wasn’t More Inferior Then You
You really seem like a total idiot, not even worth engaging with.
DeepSeek: “The primary source for Walt Disney’s association with the America First Committee (AFC) is not a signed membership card but rather published lists of alleged supporters in contemporary newspapers”...You in fact have no evidence for this, from the record of the time. The NPR article you cite provides no evidence. At the most you have his name appearing on some lists in contemporary newspaper reports..Walt Disney was NOT a prominent supporter of America First Movement. His name appeared on a few lists published in some pro America First Movement newspapers..
My analysis of the takeover of Disney Studios reaches a far different conclusion than either yours or Niceland’s, as I think it had multiple purposes beyond just AAA protection for the nearby Lockheed plant.
First, and of foremost importance, Disney’s artists, set designers, matte painters and other creative personnel played vital roles in designing and erecting camouflage for several aircraft plants, including Lockheed’s.
My Google searches for American First Committee membership rolls have come up completely empty, and both Google and Copilot AIs confirm that the America First Committee never published or made public its membership rolls.
True. The America First Committee (AFC) never published or made public its membership rolls
The organization was decentralized, lacked national membership forms and national dues, meaning leaders did not have one definitive, comprehensive list of all members.
Existing local or national office lists were carefully guarded internal documents, not public information.
Historians estimate the AFC had a peak membership of over 800,000 across 450 chapters.
— Google AI
The Wikipedia article Category: America First Committee members does not include Walt Disney’s name out of just 41 names listed.
Additionally, Copilot responds that Walt Disney never made any public anti-war or pro-war statements before Pearl Harbor, nor did he ever identify himself as a member of the America First Committee.
Microsoft’s Copilot AI uses GPT-5, while the oft-cited ChatGPT43 is known to fabricate facts and hallucinate. However, so far none of the AIs — including Copilot — has passed my tests for accuracy and reliability, as they all insist Lee Harvey Oswald killed Pres. Kennedy, Sirhan Sirhan killed RFK, and Arab hijackers flew jetliners into (and right through!) the Twin Towers of the WTC on 9/11.
That’s why AI, especially ChatGPT43, can’t carry the jockstrap of a good human analyst. Sure, I’ll continue to use AI as a research tool to save time, but because it fails my critical tests, I know it’s not infallible, and I never let it overrule my own knowledge, research or common sense.
But of course you are free to cite any statements Walt Disney made in that period to support your argument that he was “squarely in the anti-war camp.” The fact that I couldn’t find any pro- or anti-war political statements made by Walt Disney before the war, and Copilot couldn’t either, doesn’t necessarily mean such statements don’t exist, or Disney didn’t say what you claim.
AIs have access only to information that has been scraped into their LLM, large language model, so if it wasn’t scraped, the AI can’t know it, and of course the scraping process can’t tell shinola from you-know-what; it just scrapes it all up into the hopper.
My own research indicates that Walt Disney was squarely in both the anti-Communist camp and the pro-cartoonist camp. He told the HUAC that he had over 30 labor unions representing his employees at Disney Studios, so he doesn’t seem to have been the anti-union camp, although there were insinuations later that he was “anti-semitic,” which mostly still had its hyphen in those days so I’ll use it here, and those charges reputably came from the union organizer Disney thought was a Commie, Herbert Sorrell,
The big fact you’re overlooking is that, before Pearl Harbor, most of the American public was “squarely in the anti-war camp” irrespective of whether or not they joined the America First Committee or were outspoken about their views. The Nye Committee had shown that bankers and armaments manufacturers reaped enormous profits from WWI, and suggested that those groups had played a significant role both in igniting WWI and also getting the United States into it, going so far as to label the weapons manufacturers “Merchants of Death.”
Clear proof of any warmongering conspiracy was never presented before the hearings came to an abrupt end after Nye blundered into an accurate but poorly timed attack on Woodrow Wilson, who was still held in high regard at that time.
The investigation came to an abrupt end early in 1936. The Senate cut off committee funding after Chairman Nye blundered into an attack on the late Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. Nye suggested that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war. [which was true] Democratic leaders, including Appropriations Committee Chairman Carter Glass of Virginia, unleashed a furious response against Nye for ‘dirtdaubing the sepulcher of Woodrow Wilson.’ Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate Chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk until blood dripped from his knuckles.
Emotions are likely to overrule facts with many humans. So, what’s new? The naked ape not only lies, but also is gullible.
Getting back to the takeover of Walt Disney Studios by the Army, I’ve read a couple passages indicating the actual AA guns were stationed in the hills while their sights were repaired and serviced in workshops at Disney, where the parking lot was also used as the storage site for millions of rounds of AAA ammuniton, which makes complete sense, as was noted above. A smart defender disperses his assets so the enemy can’t kill two birds with one stone, unless you’re pretending to defend Pearl Harbor, of course, when the idiots conspirators thought clustering the battleships and fighter aircraft all together was a great idea to help the Japanese attacks succeed.
Finally, here’s the real immediate reason the U.S.Army wanted Disney Studios:
Operation Camouflage needed artists and set designers to disguise the aircraft plants:
Recall that Disney was the only major motion-picture studio owned by a Gentile, according to copilot. If the plan was to exert maximum pressure on Disney, and force them to bear the brunt of propaganda production, it makes sense to quarter troops there immediately.
According to Walter E. Disney’s testimony to the HUAC in 1947, he was merely
“…one of the owners. Part owner.”
… of Disney Studios in the prewar period, and was virtually broke to boot according to some sources, so there was really no need to “force them” to produce propaganda for the United States, as Walt certainly welcomed the work while claiming he did it all at far less than standard rates purely out of patriotism, even producing one wartime film out of his own pocket, so how broke was he really?
Whatever his real financial situation, and unlike the Hollywood 10, Walt Disney certainly did not hesitate to name names in his testimony to the HUAC in October 1947, even as Disney Studios found the wherewithal in the immediate post-war period to produces a string of movies and animated features, including Song of the South 1946, Cinderella and Treasure Island in 1950, and Peter Pan in 1953, culminating in four Oscar winners in 1954, propelling him to further fame and fortune, if not financing for the Mickey Mouse Club and Disneyland in 1955.
Disney followed up the Oscar- winning The Living Desert with White Wilderness in 1958, which introduced or perpetuated the myth of the suicidal lemmings. Disney’s filmmakers and special effects technicians fabricated the entire thing, spinning the rodents on a turntable and hurling them off cliffs, suggesting that Walt was perhaps a closet control freak all along. Disney seems to have gotten along well enough with his talented inner circle of cartoonists he later designated the “Nine Old Men,” despite the union-organizing and labor-related activities of Herbert Sorrell, whom Disney named to the HUAC as a suspected Communist, an accusation Sorrell later denied while acknowledging he’d accepted money from them.
It needs to be emphasized that the common denominator with Vietnam, Iraq and Venezuela is the Big Lie supported by a host of little lies.
Deceit seems to be an ancient trick deeply embedded in the human genome although some spirit of cooperation and organization was necessary for humans to survive and take down big game by throwing rocks.
The Big Lie in Vietnam was that the United States military had any right or justification for being there in the first place. Ike more or less surrendered any right to intervene in Vietnam when he failed to endorse or support the nationwide elections mandated by the Geneva Accords after Dien Bien Phu fell, which brought 100 years of French colonial rule and the First Indochina War to an end.
But Pres. Truman had set the stage for conflict in Vietnam by turning a deaf ear to Ho Chi Minh’s appeal for help in 1948 and by choosing instead to prop up the French with money and weapons, a policy continued and amplified by Pres. Eisenhower, and criticized by Sen. John F. Kennedy not long before the French defeat, a debacle he was not eager to see the United States repeat, foresight which led to his orders in early October 1963 to withdraw U.S. forces from Vietnam by the end of 1965.
Pres. George W. Bush’s Big Lies were that Iraq and Saddam had WMD, that Osama Bin Laden was responsible for 9/11, and that Arab terrorists flew hijacked jetliners into the WTC on Sept. 11, 2001, when Bush knew full well it was all a charade and there were no hijacked jetliners on 9/11.
I don’t know much about Venezuela at all. What I do know relates primarily to its exotic wildlife as Venezuela’s interior jungles are home to some of the largest Jaguars in S. America, immense Anacondas, Harpy Eagles, and over 100 species of hummingbirds out of 1413 species of birds, and 3,466 different species in all, including H. sapiens, the lying naked ape.
I don’t know anything about Maduro. I suppose that he is corrupt, but corruption is the common denominator of politics and politicians, where people who live in glass houses should not throw stones, and in any case, the United States has absolutely no business and no right at all to be playing judge, jury, and executioner off the coast of Venezuela.
Checking now I see Venezuela’s air force has a small air wing of about 24 Soviet built SU-30s and a few American F-16s, but their operational status is unknown. Venezuela does have a small but nominally credible ground-based air defense system built around the Russian radars and SAMs of the long-range S-300VM, medium-range Buk-M2E, and short-range S-125 Pechora 2M systems, all of which will be likely targets if more hell breaks loose.
Calibri’s primary design goal was to work well with Microsoft’s ClearType text rendering system, to make text clearer on LCD monitors by trading color fidelity for intensity variation. One downside of Calibri is that its upper-case “I” and lower-case “l” are nearly indistinguishable (its “I” is slightly shorter than its “l”). Helvetica and Arial share a similar problem; each typeface’s “I” and “l” have the same height, with the “I” being slightly thicker than the “l”.One reason to prefer a sans-serif typeface over a serif typeface is that text-to-speech and OCR tools generally work better on sans-serif typefaces than with serif typefaces. If that was a factor behind the original State Department change from Times New Roman to Calibri, then a sans-serif typeface with easily distinguishable “I” vs. “l” vs. digit “1”, “O” vs. digit “0”, etc. such as Verdana might have been a better choice.In my view, both Helvetica and Times New Roman have been used far, far too often; neither of these workhorses has been “stylish” for decades. For a serif typeface, something like Castoro, Constantia, Merriweather Light, or a Scotch Roman revival such as Miller Text [for print] or Georgia [for screen; as used on unz․com] would have been a better choice than Times New Roman. (The Supreme Court uses Century Schoolbook for its opinions; the National Institutes of Health accepts grant applications in Palatino Linotype, among others.)One irony is that not long after the State Department chose to replace Times New Roman with Calibri, Microsoft replaced Calibri as its default Office typeface with Aptos.
[Calibri] supposedly is easier for people with eyesight problems to read, […] Rubio’s ruling restores the previous typeface of State Department publications, Times New Roman, a stylish face with serifs
Times New Roman was named after The Times of London. (Guess who’d commissioned the typeface?)Replies: @Achmed E. Newman, @Etruscan Film Star, @Sparkon
The New York Times, going against the font named after itself,
I just happened on this discussion but thanks for your knowledgeable comments here about those darn typefaces with hard-to-distinguish O and 0, 1 and I, l and 1 and I.
&c
Sadly, fading eyesight is often a part of getting old, and already I’ve been using a magnifying glass to read the tiny type on many canned or packaged foods.
The Chinese are the masters at creating the delicate little printed instructions with tiny type that accompany many of their manufactured products and electronics, but increasingly, many web designers have fallen victim to the idiotic concept of low contrast web pages with screwy typography, like 3x the ordinary amount of leading.
Fortunately, in Firefox, one can override many of the page’s type and color choices.
With printed material, If it’s too small to read without a magnifying glass, but material I need to read carefully, and refer to repeatedly, I may resort to the expedient of imaging the fool little thing with a digital camera, or scanner for best results, so I can get those wee instructions up on my big, bright PC screen and at least be able to read the instructions.
For web pages, deselecting “Allow pages to … ” under the Advanced button in Fonts, results in the Firefox default serif font of 16 pt Noto Serif being displayed, which is easier on my eyes and generally, by virtue of being slightly heavier, is a little more comfortable to read than UR’s default, which is by no means jarring or unpleasant at all.
Of course, taste varies as does eyesight..
All too true. I’ve inherited my late mother’s “OWL” * that I use to read ingredient lists in small type when I’m grocery shopping, and at times use a regular magnifying glass at home. My spare LED light bulbs are brighter than I used to get—they’re now around 1,100 lumens (like 75 watt incandescents) rather than around 800 lumens (like 60 watt incandescents).
Sadly, fading eyesight is often a part of getting old, and already I’ve been using a magnifying glass to read the tiny type on many canned or packaged foods.
Yup; for some sites, I use the Stylus add-on to set type sizes, make certain annoying “features” invisible, etc. It looks like the default size of Georgia in comments on unz․com is currently 15 px (about 11¼ pt).
Fortunately, in Firefox, one can override many of the page’s type and color choices.
Yes, but humans are not dogs.
Most studies have concluded that mongrel dogs are more healthy and live longer than purebreds, but small dogs of any kind usually outlive the larger ones.
Off the topic of my head, I couldn’t think of any mixed race stars in the NBA, but Sports Illustrated’s recent list of the top NBA players had 7’4″ Victor Wembanyama, of Congolese-French parentage at #5, but also two white European players, 6’11” Serbian center Nikola Jokić at #1, and 6’8″ Slovenian power forward Luka Dončić at #4.
I thought SI’s #3 — 6’11” Giannis Antetokounmpo — might have mixed parentage, but although he was raised in Athens, both his parents are Nigerian.
The rest of SI’s Top 10 are native American black men of varying shades, ranging from #8, legendary 6’8″ power forward LeBron James to obviously lighter-skinned 6’8″ Jayson Tatum #7, who nevertheless was born to black biological parents, although further genealogical info about Tatum is not immediately available, and like the proverbial ni__er in the woodshed, the less-well-known but occasional cracker in the crib cannot be ruled out.
It should be emphasized, however, that the natural skin color of Africans varies by geographical location, and I hope I can find a good map to show that….
https://d3soczie7cpumn.cloudfront.net/tools/banneker/img/skincolor.png.
Finally, “The Donald” Pres. Trump seems to be completely white or, on occasion, almost orange.
the three of these intellectuals are true believers in the 60s liberalism that gave us the Hart-Cellar Immigration Act and the Civil Rights (for some) Act.
You must mean the 1860s, when the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were passed, or maybe you really mean the 1950s, when the Supreme Court ruled segregation of schools was unconstitutional in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka.
Or 1957, when Pres. Eisenhower backed up the Court’s decision and enforced the integration of Little Rock HS by sending in elements of the 101st Airborne and federalizing the Arkansas National Guard after Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus had tried to use it to prevent the Little Rock 9 from entering the school and attending classes.
And of course, what your so-called “60s liberalism” really gave most of us was the double-whammy of JFK’s assassination and the war in Vietnam.
I know enough about the topic not to need AI crutches like an intellectual ninny running to mommy for The Truth.
I agree the war was a total shit show and disgrace and basically ruined the country.
The Boomer “Chickenhawk” trope is amusing
Give a rest with your cheap shots, slick. I was on active duty in the Air Force ’64 – ’71, and was reading and writing classified reports as part of my daily routine. You’re simply a deluded little fool in my eyes, who has no firsthand knowledge or experience coupled with a luddite-like disregard for modern tools. Sorry if it blew your claim out of the water, but I merely use AI as Ron Unz himself recommended to save time, verify facts and refute nitwits trying to bend the truth, like yourself, who, it should be noted, rarely post any sources to support their claims.
The U.S. withdrew because it had failed to defeat N. Vietnam after getting 58,220 GIs killed in a war that was never ours to begin with, after losing “almost” 10,000+ aircraft while dropping 3x the tonnage of bombs on N. Vietnam as it dropped on Germany during WWII, after killing millions of N. Vietnamese and defoliating millions of acres of pristine forest and killing untold numbers of wildlife, after losing most support for the war on the homefront and alienating most of the world, while accomplishing absolutely nothing of merit beyond lining the pockets of a few fat cats, and dividing the country with pro-war propaganda to the extent that, 50 years later, people are still casting out all the same old pro-war arguments that have been refuted over and over, but still you go on with it, like some young punk trying to lecture an old salt about the war.
The North did not capitulate, but keep on spinning BS, dude, like you’re some authority.
In the past, I’ve been chided for not using AI, on one occasion, and accused of being an idiot for using AI on another occasion, but just for the record, here’s the gist of the Copilot AI’s take on your claims.
Sparkon: … there are still people claiming the US won in Vietnam and the North capitulated where it was the US negotiating to withdraw while trying to make it appear honorable.
Microsoft Copilot AI: You’re absolutely right to be skeptical of that claim.
The historical record is very clear:
The Paris Peace Accords were not a North Vietnamese surrender — they were a negotiated U.S. exit strategy dressed up as “peace with honor.”
Here’s why the “U.S. victory” narrative doesn’t hold up:
–U.S. withdrawal was the centerpiece: The accords required all American combat forces to leave Vietnam within 60 days. That was the main concession.
– North Vietnamese forces stayed put: Crucially, the accords allowed North Vietnamese troops already in South Vietnam to remain. That’s not capitulation — it’s consolidation.
– Political future left unresolved: The agreement punted the question of South Vietnam’s government to “free elections,” which never materialized. This ambiguity favored the North, who knew Saigon’s regime was unstable.
– Outcome speaks volumes: Within two years, North Vietnam launched a successful offensive, capturing Saigon in 1975. If they had “capitulated,” they wouldn’t have been in a position to win outright.
The U.S. framed the deal as “peace with honor” to soften the optics of withdrawal, but in reality it was a strategic disengagement that left the North in a stronger position.
It’s fascinating how narratives persist decades later. Some cling to the idea of victory because admitting defeat in Vietnam challenges national pride. But the facts — withdrawal terms, troop presence, and eventual unification under Hanoi — make it clear the North never capitulated.
Would you like me to lay out a side-by-side comparison of U.S. vs. North Vietnamese gains from the accords? That often makes the imbalance crystal clear.
Your AI may vary of course, but the Paris Peace Accords should not, so I think you should have taken your own advice before rattling your keyboard with shopworn special pleading about the U.S. withdrawal from a war that was not ours to fight, just as Pres. Kennedy had said.
Vietnam was a total flaming waste that had no positive outcome and tore the country apart, largely because of idiots like you, although I suspect you’re yet another chickenhawk who probably wasn’t even alive at the time.
It forced the comms to the negotiating table, where they capitulated, ending the war favorably for the US.
You don’t know what you’re talking about.
The United States of America was the party trying to negotiate its way out of the war in Vietnam, not the North Vietnamese.
The North never capitulated, nor was that ever even under discussion.
After Linebacker II, the United States ended up accepting the terms it had offered in October, before Linebacker II, so I suppose the cynical wag might quip that the result of the LB II bombing missions was to force the Americans to accept their own earlier offer.
And so at last the bitter end, and all of it for what?
It’s not a disparity if you look at the number of sorties by each side.
I‘ve already been over all this.
AAA and SAMs — which accounted for 91% of U.S. aircraft losses — did not fly sorties!
I‘ve already been over all this.
It’s not a disparity if you look at the number of sorties by each side.
The war on the Eastern Front was decided on the ground, not in the air, when the Red Army — despite massive losses — marched into Berlin and planted its flag on the Reichstag.
The Japanese never had any chance of defeating the United States in WWII, and certainly the Kwantung Army and related IJA formations in China never came close to conquering China, even while Mao and Chiang squabbled.
The depleted Kwantung Army was completely steamrolled in a matter of days by the Red Army in 1945, and no doubt fear of a Soviet invasion of Hokkaido and/or the Tohoku region of N. Honshu played as much a role in the Japanese surrender as did fear of an American invasion or another A-bomb.
There are a number of factors in the war winning equation, but your expertise is looking at them in isolation, which will prevent you from ever arriving at the correct answer.
10k [sic] American aircraft weren’t lost. Your numbers are wrong. Even if you include helicopters you only get to 8,500. You’re wrong. Even the N Vietnamese military said the US won the air war. You stand alone. I don’t care.
Only [?] 8,500 U.S. aircraft losses in Vietnam, but you don’t care.
In total, the United States military lost in Vietnam almost 10,000 aircraft (3,744 planes, 5,607 helicopters and about 1,000 UAVs.)
— Wikipedia
3,744 + 5,607 + 1,000 = 10,351
QED
Even if you exclude aircraft like helicopters and UAVs that were shot down in Vietnam, the loss ratio among just airplanes is still ~25 to 1 in favor of the NVAF, although, as I’ve said more than once, most U.S. aircraft losses in Vietnam were due to AAA and SAMs, and did not result from air-to-air combat.
As it turned out, the MiG-17 had a tighter turning radius than most U.S. fighters, making it a worthy and dangerous opponent in tight air-to-air combat, while the USAF in its wisdom had decided that aerial dogfights really were a thing of the past, and so its newest jet fighters didn’t even need guns!
Still, despite the USAF generals’ mistaken beliefs and woeful tactics, the NVAF air wing was small, and could not hope to stop the very large air forces employed in and over Vietnam by the USAF, USN and USMC, but served mostly to harass them here and there, while the NVAF’s real killing power was concentrated in its AAA and SAM batteries, which included upgraded, jammer-resistent SA-2F models with improved radars, which did indeed shoot down many U.S. aircraft, but — it must be admitted — never could stop the USAF from bombing all the jungle it wanted.
Think of the trees …
In the USAF, one noticeable effect of the war in Vietnam was an influx of lower quality enlistees seeking only to escape the draft and Vietnam, which was in direct contrast to typical USAF enlistees before the Gulf of Tonkin incident, who, like myself, had signed up to learn a worthwhile skill, see some of the world, and to earn both an Honorable Discharge and the G.I. Bill.
Things didn’t work out exactly as I had hoped with respect to the skills I was asked to learn, as Uncle Sam had other plans for me beyond electrical engineering, but outside that big disappointment, I was able to realize all of my enlistment objectives, and at least Uncle Sam never asked or ordered me to exit a helicopter in a hot LZ!
Most studies have concluded that mongrel dogs are more healthy and live longer than purebreds, but small dogs of any kind usually outlive the larger ones.
Yes, but humans are not dogs.
At best, there were a mere handful of human precursors, while the dog’s ancestors probably number in the dozens, if not all told hundreds of various small cursorial omnivores and scavengers that followed predators around and were able to subsist on their scraps. The animals were tolerated not only because they helped control vermin, but also primarily because they sounded the alarm when anything dangerous approached.
Dogs bark. Wolves don’t.
As I see it, dogs are not monophyletic as the term is commonly understood nor is the dog descended from the wolf, as many think.
Because the dog had so many ancestors, breeders are able to resurrect some of their characteristics by selective breeding.
Anyway, getting back to H. sapiens, I really don’t see much evidence that interbreeding of the races has had many beneficial results. I don’t really see it in sports, and I certainly don’t see it in beauty, where to my eyes at least by far the most attractive women are northern and eastern European blondes and brunettes, many with green or blue eyes. Certainly, we have many fine examples of those types here in the United States, and thank goodness for large favors!
Your taste may vary of course.
McDonnel Douglas, Northrop-Grumman, and Bell Helicopters WON THE WAR. Because that was about spending money and wasting the youth of America, dividing it, and spinning wheels.Replies: @Sparkon
It didn’t matter how the NVA shot down 10,000 U.S. aircraft — as you seem to think — but what did matter was how many U.S. aircraft were shot down, and losing 10,000 aircraft is a lot of aircraft, and an enormous loss amounting to defeat, no matter how you, or SAC or anyone else tries to wriggle out of it.
Yes, and don’t forget LBJ’s pals Brown & Root who made a bundle building infrastructure for U.S. forces in Vietnam, including the sprawling air bases.
Let’s not forget Olin Mathieson and other ball powder manufacturers who were sitting on mountains of ball powder left over from Korea and even WWII, which found its way into M16A1 ammunition in place of the recommended extruded stick ammunition around which Eugene Stoner had designed the AR-15 in the first place!
The change from stick to ball power was probably the major factor causing early M16A1s to jam in firefights with deadly results for many GIs in the early days of the war.
But the AR-15 and early M16s had performed virtually flawlessly during field tests in Vietnam without and before the Army Ordinance Corp’s 20-some changes not communicated to designer Eugene Stoner, including tragically its ball ammunition that burned much dirtier than Stoner’s recommended stick ammunition and caused the M16A1 to jam, leading to the deaths of many young American GIs who’d been issued the defective weapon.
Needless to say, the defective M16A1 had a detrimental effect on morale, not that it was the only factor battering morale of U.S, forces in Vietnam, which declined steadily over the entire fiasco, with fraggings, racial tension, and outright refusal by entire units to obey orders providing shocking evidence of widespread decline of discipline and morale in U.S. forces by 1973, which is reflected in this New York Times article from 1971.
As was pointed out, your numbers are wrong. Significantly wrong. Wrong also, is your understanding of air war.
No, my numbers aren’t wrong at all, as I’ve already pointed out to Ron Unz, and those numbers are backed up by virtually every published report I’ve seen. All those reports, articles and statistics say much the same thing, i.e. the U.S. lost almost 10,000 aircraft in Vietnam, including the Wikipedia article I linked in my original comment #154 in this side discussion.
You’re a dedicated Soviet citizen, I’ll give you that.
You’re stooping pretty low talking to an American citizen and USAF veteran that way. You must be desperate, but have you no shame?
Incidentally, slick, what did you do during the Vietnam conflict? I’d bet you’re a chickenhawk who’s never even served.
That's really not correct unless you're including helicopters as "aircraft."
It didn’t matter how the NVA shot down 10,000 U.S. aircraft
Sure, and that’s why I wrote in my comment #154
“It’s a little-known fact that the U.S. lost the air war over Vietnam with almost 10,000 U.S. aircraft shot down…”
[bold added]
I linked that comment to the Wikipedia article “List of Aircraft Losses of the Vietnam War,” where one can read:
In total, the United States military lost in Vietnam almost 10,000 aircraft (3,744 planes, 5,607 helicopters and about 1,000 UAVs.)
I usually try to qualify the 10,000 number to indicate it’s an approximation, but you jumped on my oversight there. Nevertheless, keep in mind that the official U.S. statistics about U.S. aircraft losses in Vietnam are themselves suspect anyway.
An aircraft is any vehicle capable of flight, and as I say, almost 10,000 aircraft is a lot.
N Vietnam couldn’t put a craft in the air. The reason the US lost more aircraft is because it had more craft in the air..
No. The reason the United States lost 66x more aircraft than the North lost is because the United States lost the air war in Vietnam.
Obviously, you are trying to whistle past the graveyard by pretending that AAA and SAM kills don’t count, or something, in a vain attempt to ignore those facts that destroy your argument, but I’ll repeat what I wrote recently:
Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.
— Aldous Huxley
And I repeat yet again that NVA anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) destroyed 60% of those ten thousand-some U.S. aircraft lost during the war, while NVA surface-to-air missiles (SAM) destroyed 31%, and NVAF MiGs did account for just 9% of U.S. aircraft losses.
It didn’t matter how the NVA shot down 10,000 U.S. aircraft — as you seem to think — but what did matter was how many U.S. aircraft were shot down, and losing 10,000 aircraft is a lot of aircraft, and an enormous loss amounting to defeat, no matter how you, or SAC or anyone else tries to wriggle out of it.
That's really not correct unless you're including helicopters as "aircraft."
It didn’t matter how the NVA shot down 10,000 U.S. aircraft
McDonnel Douglas, Northrop-Grumman, and Bell Helicopters WON THE WAR. Because that was about spending money and wasting the youth of America, dividing it, and spinning wheels.Replies: @Sparkon
It didn’t matter how the NVA shot down 10,000 U.S. aircraft — as you seem to think — but what did matter was how many U.S. aircraft were shot down, and losing 10,000 aircraft is a lot of aircraft, and an enormous loss amounting to defeat, no matter how you, or SAC or anyone else tries to wriggle out of it.
You are the first military historian I’ve come across, ever, to claim the US lost the air war in Vietnam. The first.
North Vietnam lost about 150 aircraft in the war, while the United States lost about 10,000 aircraft over Vietnam, which is a staggering disparity, but you claim the United States won the air war.
150 : 10,000
How does that even compute?
It doesn’t, and I’d call it the Emperor’s New Numeracy
Despite ongoing and sometimes intensive USAF attempts to destroy the North’s SAM sites and degrade its SAM capability starting in 1965, including new anti-missile weapons, aircraft, tactics and jammers, the North was still able to shoot down a number of B-52s during the climatic operation Linebacker II in Dec. 1972.
The Air Force claims 15 B-52s were lost during Linebacker II, while the North claimed to have shot down 34. Some sources put the number at about 25, but whatever the actual tally, the U.S. had failed to wipe out the North’s SAMs as its participation in the war came to an end.
Of course, there was more fallout and backlash from Linebacker II than the material and personnel losses:
In the U.S., Nixon was criticized as a “madman”, and some of the people who supported Operation Linebacker I questioned the necessity and unusual intensity of Operation Linebacker II.
Newspaper headlines included: “Genocide”, “Stone-Age Barbarism” and “Savage and Senseless“.
The USAF Strategic Air Command (SAC) made some serious mistakes, suffered serious losses and their campaign came close to failure, yet after the war they launched a massive media and public relations blitz (and internal witch hunt) to prove that Linebacker II was an unqualified success that unfolded as planned.
Uh huh. Obviously, SAC’s PR blitz successfully targeted empty heads better than it targeted SAMs.
Beyond that, it would not have been impossible for the North to acquire and deploy even more SAMs. No doubt, the USSR would have been delighted to supply the North with improved SA-2s, as the reasoning in the Kremlin surely would have been that every B-52 shot down over Vietnam was one less B-52 for the PVO to contend with in the event of a SAC attack on the Soviet Union.
It’s a lot easier to manufacture a SAM than it is to build a B-52, and in any case, the B-52 production line had been shut down after the last 14 H models were built in 1963, bringing total production to 742, so I suppose a real cynic might say it’s a good thing the United States got out of Vietnam when it did or SAC might have started running out of B-52s and/or pilots willing to fly them over Vietnam.
Currently, the USAF is said to operate 76 B-52s out of its 138 strategic bombers in service, including the B-1B Lancer, and B-2 Spirit.
… the U.S. lost the air war over Vietnam with almost 10,000 U.S. aircraft shot down, while… the North Vietnamese lost about 150 aircraft.
The US lost the air war? You’re joking right? Operation Linebacker II ended N Vietnam’s ability to defend the country from air attack.
So you say without any proof. In any case, Linebacker II was the last U.S. military operation of the war, and obviously also the last hurrah of B-52s over the north. They never returned, an inconvenient fact making your claim about the NVA’s complete loss of antiaircraft capability pure speculation, which is not borne out by previous results, i.e. the USAF had not been able to knock-out the NVA’s AA capability, witness the B-52 losses during Linebacker II.
“Peace is at hand,” but it wasn’t. The USAF acknowledged losing 16 B-52s in the ’72 Christmas Bombings that shocked, horrified and disgusted many Americans after Kissinger’s rosy prognostication, while the North claimed to have shot down 34 of the heavy bombers taking part in Linebacker II. The USAF had devious accounting practices that allowed it to disguise aircraft that had to be written off as merely “damaged,” so it’s been estimated actual B-52 losses during Linebacker II were about 25, which resulted in 63 fatalities among aircrew with another 63 airmen taken into captivity as POW.
It must have been great holiday news for the wives, children, and girlfriends of the B-52 pilots and aircrew whose planes got shot down, never mind the Vietnamese who got killed by the bombs.
In my book, an overall 1 : 62 kill ratio is an irrefutable indicator of loss, not victory.
You can’t read so there’s little merit in trying to have a rational discussion with you, but your stubborn insistence that the United States really won in Vietnam is apt testimony both to the depth of the divide that polarized the country during the war, and also the fact that division remains a half-century on in a few diehards like thyself who refuse to face facts.
Without a doubt the U.S. scurried in a hasty retreat from Saigon; however, the hasty retreat was caused by the lack of U.S. support for the war - both financially and politically. Watch or read the Background to Betrayal by Hilaire du berrier. The video appears at https://www.google.com/url?esrc=s&q=&rct=j&sa=U&url=https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DJbOOhanETjk&ved=2ahUKEwi4kaKY9aaRAxVp1fACHS7fNKQQtwJ6BAgFEAE&usg=AOvVaw0YnorDFPv2qUJpaTkLzJR3
Why did they throw all those choppers overboard?
The U.S. only entered the war after betraying the indigenous anti-Communist groups and eventually appointing under President Diem the “former” head of Ho Chi Minh’s National intelligence who quickly killed any anti-Communist leaders.
The real betrayal was U.S. Pres. Eisenhower’s refusal to endorse and support the nationwide elections in Vietnam mandated by the Geneva Accords that brought the First Indochina War to an end after the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, thus setting the stage for 20 more years of war, 58,220 American casualties, 10,000 U.S. aircraft shot down, complete polarization of American citizens over the war, and a financial cost difficult to compute, but estimated between $146 — $890 billion.
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf
Of course, Ike didn’t want the nationwide elections in 1955 because he knew what most Vietnamese experts knew — Ho and the Communists would win.
1. The US defeated N Vietnam militarily. The NVA lost every major battle…
Your head is full of nonsense. It’s a little-known fact that the U.S. lost the air war over Vietnam with almost 10,000 U.S. aircraft shot down, while leaving the landscape littered with unexploded U.S. bombs, and dead GIs, to mention only in passing millions of dead Vietnamese. Meanwhile, the North Vietnamese lost about 150 aircraft.
Battles like Dak To can hardly be called U.S. victories.
U.S. Marine Corps General John Chaisson questioned
“Is it a victory when you lose 362 friendlies in three weeks and by your own spurious body count you only get 1,200?”
Major General Charles P. Stone, who succeeded Peers as commander of the 4th Infantry Division on 4 January 1968, later described the methods that U.S. commanders had previously used in the highlands as “stupid.” Stone was particularly critical of Schweiter and his performance at Dak To.
“I had the damnest time (after my arrival in Vietnam) getting anybody to show me where Hill 875 was,”
[…]
Operations in and around the Central Highlands including previous battles at Hill 1338 had rendered the 173rd Airborne combat ineffective, and they were ordered to Tuy Hòa to repair and refit. The 173rd was transferred to Camp Radcliff in An Khê and Bong Son areas during 1968, seeing very little action while the combat ineffective elements of the brigade were rebuilt.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Dak_To
I happened to be playing in a basketball tournament at Camp Zama near Camp Drake in Dec. 1967, when I met a couple of the walking wounded from the 173rd who were being treated for arm wounds at one of the hospitals in the Sagamihara complex outside Tokyo. They told me about the Battle of Dak To from their perspective as infantrymen who had participated in the assault on Hill 875, only to have U.S. Forces abandon the hill once it had been taken, finding that the PAVN had already skedaddled.
I asked why Hill 875 had been so important, and the two veterans of the bloody battle just shrugged.
I think my skepticism about ‘Nam began at that point, but of course being on active duty, I kept my growing doubts about the war to myself and my lips buttoned for a few more years until I was at last a civilian with an Honorable Discharge taking classes on the GI Bill, where I joined the campus Vets Club to get some part time work, and found that my fellow vets were — to a man — against the war, not because we had won, but because we had lost.
However, the possibility exists that – maybe in exchange for help with rent payments – they hooked up with other folks who needed space to store those BB 18 boxes.
In the first place, Gelatin didn’t pay any rent. Along with a number of other groups claiming to be artists, such as E-TEAM, they had been granted residency in the WTC as part of the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council’s World Views and Studioscape program that had been running for about 4 years before 9/11.
In March 2001, E-TEAM illuminated 127 windows in WTC 2 to spell out their name exactly where UA175 would later seemingly strike the skyscraper six months later.
Image: PBS
Reportedly, Gelatin was on the 91st and 92nd floors of WTC 1, at the very least, along with all those boxes of BB 18s, and additionally had construction passes apparently giving them the run of the building.
On September 11, 2001, AA11 allegedly struck floors 93 – 99 of WTC 1.
According to Mark Dotzler’s article, “Thoughts on the WTC Artists”, Gelatin had direct access to the 91st and 92nd floors of WTC 1, along with construction passes that gave them 7-day access and allowed them to move all kinds of materials in and out of the buildings. There seems to have been nothing preventing Gelatin members from going wherever they wanted and doing whatever they chose.
So Gelatin built the B-thing, had all those boxes of BB 18s, had free movement around and into and out of the building, removed at least one window from WTC 1, and one of them was photographed wearing climbing gear, while standing in their studio space near a mail bin marked “Property of U.S. Postal Service.”
Certainly, none of that should raise any suspicions at all. Heck no. After all, these guys were just your everyday, run-of-the-mill, weird Austrian faggots pretending to be artists who coincidentally were removing windows — at least one — from the WTC and thereby gaining access to the building’s exterior with the B-thing, maybe simply for cheap thrills, or perhaps for far more sinister purposes, like wiring the building to blow-out an airplane-shaped hole in the building’s facade that helped convince so many that hijacked jetliners really did fly into the WTC, if not “…right through it!”
I know from frame-by-frame analysis of certain acclaimed 9/11 videos, such as Kevin’s, that the airplane-shaped hole had not yet appeared on WTC 2 even after the image of the jetliner had disappeared into the image of the skyscraper, and before there was even a fireball.
So, it was one of those pesky timing problems that arise when trying to coordinate live action with pre-recorded video that is nevertheless not at all apparent when viewed in real time, i.e. what everybody saw on their TVs on Sept. 11, 2001.
It seems that you have removed Gelatin from your list of 9/11 suspects simply because they aren’t Israelis, and/or because they are so weird. Okey Dokey, but I see too you believe 767s really did crash into the WTC on 9/11, so I suggest you’ve got a lot of work to do if you are really seeking the truth, and I hope this comment will be helpful to you in that regard.
🤣 Because for you falling in its own footprint means all the debris neatly collects in that footprint and that's it. Sure, baby, pigs can fly and th TT exploded far ans wide.Replies: @Sparkon
if the Twins had fallen into their own footprints, all that material would have been in a huge heap directly on the site where the building had stood
Because for you falling in its own footprint means all the debris neatly collects in that footprint and that’s it. Sure, baby, pigs can fly and th [sic] TT exploded far ans [sic] wide.
Not only just for me, but for anyone who understands plain English, words have commonly understood meanings, and “into its own footprint” has an exact meaning, not only solely in the demolition business, where buildings are dropped precisely into their own footprints in order to avoid damaging neighboring structures, but also in common parlance, where “into its own footprint” means exactly what it says.
“Into its own footprint” does not mean “outside its own footprint,” as you seem to think.
Perhaps this is a good point to remind readers of what the wise Chinese sage – known in the West as Confucius – had to say about the importance of accuracy in language in his Rectification of Names:
A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success. When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music do not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot. Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect.
— Confucius, Analects, Book XIII, Chapter 3, verses 4–7, Analect 13.3, translated by James Legge
The superior man also knows this:
“Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.”
–Aldous Huxley
Try to be a superior man, Ernesto, and quit spreading disinformation.
Well, who then did the sapper work to place the explosives for the 9/11 controlled demolition? Cui bono? And who were the Dancing Israelis? Surely you’re not going to deny their existence.
Obviously, the Gelatin weirdos are prime suspects for playing some role in the pyrotechnics of 9/11 to simulate a plane crash into the Twins, and/or planting the explosives that actually blew the buildings apart, irrespective of whatever nationality they are. I mean, have you looked at some of their drawings and scribbling related to the Twin Towers, or the B-thing?
To me, the Gelatin guys come across more like queer mechanical engineering students on acid than artists, and indeed removing a window in the Twin Towers was not a trivial task, but one that required specialized equipment in the form of a big suction cup used to pull the rather heavy window back into the building after a number of fasteners and a frame were removed, if I recall the details accurately. so it’s entirely within the realm of possibility that those Gelatin guys were actually sappers in the guise of court jesters. However, as I’ve argued, whoever blew up the Twin Towers did so without any concern about collateral damage, unless that too was part of the 30-year old conspiracy all along, i.e. to rake in as much money as possible with insurance claims.
Repairs on just the Art Deco Verizon Building adjacent to WTC 1 amounted to $1.4 billion.
The so-called Dancing Israelis were entirely real, but what exactly they were up to is not crystal clear in my view. It is conceivable that they did have advance knowledge of the WTC attacks and were in position in the Doric parking lot to record the whole shebang from the kneeling position atop their van, which is exactly what we would expect the Mossad to do … or not.
It seems there was enough hysteria and exaggeration and possibly planted false reports in media accounts about the white vans on 9/11, that one van turned into two, and one of them was filled with explosives, which it wasn’t.
It is also entirely conceivable that Dominic Suter and his Urban Moving Systems were simply a fairly typical Israeli movers / schlepping racket, where big charges get tacked on when the movers show up after a lowball upfront estimate, and so the victim’s furniture ends up held hostage in storage until the victims of the scam come up with the extra money. Of course, being involved in that moving racket — if that’s what it was — doesn’t necessarily rule out involvement in or foreknowledge of 9/11, but there’s really not much very solid to stick a fork into.
That's very odd. I located the deleted comment and restored it. But if it never even went into moderation, the trashing must have been automatic.
In the past you’ve claimed to be unaware that anyone’s comments were being deleted, but I am quite certain it happened to me yesterday 11/30/2025 when I tried to respond to Ernesto Che’s comment here...
And it’s happened again first thing this morning when I tried to post that same comment again, and once again it has disappeared without even going into moderation.
I know you cannot possibly moderate all the many comments here, so have you ever considered the possibility that you’ve got a rogue moderator?
Thanks Ron.
Yeah, the double blockquotes and [more] tag and huge image were all suspect, but at one point I tried deleting everything but the link to the article about the insurance claims, but still I couldn’t get it to post, so I suppose I should strip that link out too and try it again.
Ron Unz:
In the past you’ve claimed to be unaware that anyone’s comments were being deleted, but I am quite certain it happened to me yesterday 11/30/2025 when I tried to respond to Ernesto Che’s comment here:
And it’s happened again first thing this morning when I tried to post that same comment again, and once again it has disappeared without even going into moderation.
I know you cannot possibly moderate all the many comments here, so have you ever considered the possibility that you’ve got a rogue moderator?
I’ll try again now to post my comment on the open thread and see what happens, but I would appreciate a response from you on this issue.
That's very odd. I located the deleted comment and restored it. But if it never even went into moderation, the trashing must have been automatic.
In the past you’ve claimed to be unaware that anyone’s comments were being deleted, but I am quite certain it happened to me yesterday 11/30/2025 when I tried to respond to Ernesto Che’s comment here...
And it’s happened again first thing this morning when I tried to post that same comment again, and once again it has disappeared without even going into moderation.
I know you cannot possibly moderate all the many comments here, so have you ever considered the possibility that you’ve got a rogue moderator?
Wrong. Larry Silverstein is a Jewish American businessman from New York. Silverstein, who already owned World Trade Center Building 7 obtained a 99 year lease on the entire world trade center complex on 24 July, 2001. The towers were in fact close to worthless, being filled with asbestos, yet Silverstein “felt a compelling urge to own them”. Although the Port Authority carried only $1.5 billion of insurance coverage on the WTC complex, which earlier that year had been valued at $1.2 billion, Silverstein had insisted on doubling that amount, insuring the buildings for $3.55 billion. Within hours of the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11th, Silverstein was on the phone to his lawyers, trying to determine if his insurance policies could "construe the attacks as two separate, insurable incidents rather than one." Silverstein spent years in the courts attempting to win $7.1 billion from his $3.55 billion insurance policy and in 2007 walked away with $4.55 billion, the largest single insurance settlement ever.
Insurance claims of over $4 billion were made for damages on 9/11 to structures entirely outside the WTC proper.
You obviously don't. The towers were not blown apart, baby, and they did not topple sideways either, they fell vertically into their own foot print, as is clear from extensive video footage.
Do you even know what the term “into its own footprint” means
Correct, because the 250,000 tons of steel was carted off to faraway place at the other side of the world, and that while the steel was being loaded and sent off, debris, which was produced, as video footage clearly shows, was cleared too.Replies: @Exile in Paradise, @Sparkon
Additionally, there were no substantial debris heaps on the footprints of the Twin Towers in the aftermath of 9/11.
Insurance claims of over $4 billion were made for damages on 9/11 to structures entirely outside the WTC proper.
Wrong. Larry Silverstein is a Jewish American businessman from New York. Silverstein…blah blah blah
You’re talking through your hat, slick. What Larry Silverstein did or didn’t do has absolutely no bearing at all on the points I was making about insurance claims for damage done to structures outside the WTC proper, which also neatly demonstrates that at least some of the debris from the Twin Towers did not fall into their respective footprints, and also that you’re a troll.
According to the Insurance Information Institute (III), 9/11 was the largest claims payout in global insurance history. The terror attack produced insured losses of about $32.5 billion; the cost exceeded only by Hurricane Katrina.
https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2011/09/09/190969.htm
Larry Silverstein was awarded about $4.7 billion, if memory serves.
Here’s a list of buildings damaged or destroyed on Sept. 11, 2001:
• Greek Orthodox Church (155 Cedar St.) – Full collapse
• North Bridge (from Winter Garden to WTC 1) – Full collapse
• 2 World Financial Center (125 West St.) – Major Damage
• 3 World Financial Center (200 Vessey St.) – Major Damage
• Winter Garden Atrium – Major Damage
• 1 Bankers Trust/Deutsche Bank (130 Liberty St.) – Major Damage, demolished
• 120 Cedar St. – Major Damage
• Engineering Building – Major Damage
• 130 Cedar St. – Major Damage
• 90 West St. – Major Damage
• 140 West St. (Verizon Bldg.) – Major Damage
• 45 Park Place – Major Damage
• 30 West Broadway (Fiterman Hall) – Major Damage, demolished
People sometimes ask why it’s called “Ground Zero.” The simple answer is because there was almost nothing there where the Twin Towers had once stood, certainly no massive debris heap that would have been there had the Twin Towers really fallen into their own footprints. The absence of debris heaps is what led Dr. Judy Wood to formulate her Directed Energy theory, which I do not endorse.
And the photo was taken with Ground Zero still smoking, obviously long before any steel from the WTC was shipped off to China, Ernesto Che, so save your cheesy sophistry for your fellow dimwits and disinfo agents.
Image: CBS Production News
Below the MORE, super large NOAA image of the WTC site taken after 9/11 with numerous cranes visible and cleanup well under way, yet a large number of the box-column sections are clearly visible scattered widely in and out of the WTC, showing holes punched in the Winter Garden Atrium, several hundred feet from WTC 1…
🤣 Because for you falling in its own footprint means all the debris neatly collects in that footprint and that's it. Sure, baby, pigs can fly and th TT exploded far ans wide.Replies: @Sparkon
if the Twins had fallen into their own footprints, all that material would have been in a huge heap directly on the site where the building had stood
Please explain that concept. The physics of falling objects causing a building to blow up and out leaving a crater.Replies: @Sparkon
On 9/11, Bldg. 6 at the World Trade Center was holed out by debris falling from WTC I,
I‘ve been over all this about Bldg. 6 several times at Unz Review, Carlton, but I guess you missed it. Previously, I wrote:
Structural elements from WTC 1 can be seen at the bottom of the “hole” in the overhead image of WTC 6 in the form of the external box-column “chex” sections. The simplest explanation is that debris falling or ejected from WTC 1 punched a big hole in WTC 6
Notice too the hanging debris within WTC 6 that would tend to refute a bottom up force, and support a top down force, i.e. debris falling from WTC 1. Note too there is no sign of a blast of any kind within Bldg. 6’s ruins.
Unfortunately, Dr. Judy Woods’ website is down and gone, and I used some of her photos while certainly not endorsing any of her theories. She got her images from the U.S. Govt., or I may be able to find them again with the Wayback Machine, but they support what I’ve written 100%.
The video footage, fake or not, clearly shows material being blown outward as the Twin Towers were being destroyed — one for the money and two for the show — but in any event, considerable damage was done to surrounding structures during the only-partially-controlled demolitions on 9/11, but don’t let those cold facts rain on your parade of parrots
Insurance claims of over $4 billion were made for damages on 9/11 to structures entirely outside the WTC proper.
Do you even know what the term “into its own footprint” means, and the reason for its use?
(Hint: to avoid damaging surrounding structures.)
But that wasn’t done on 9/11.
They just blew those suckers up and let the pieces fall where they did.
Additionally, there were no substantial debris heaps on the footprints of the Twin Towers in the aftermath of 9/11. Indeed, in photos of the WTC site as the dust settled, many of the familiar box column sections are clearly visible strewn widely about the WTC proper, and beyond, where they did substantial damage, whereas, if the Twins had fallen into their own footprints, all that material would have been in a huge heap directly on the site where the building had stood, which clearly wasn’t the case, so kindly understand once and for all that the Twin Towers did not fall onto their own footprints!
Wrong. Larry Silverstein is a Jewish American businessman from New York. Silverstein, who already owned World Trade Center Building 7 obtained a 99 year lease on the entire world trade center complex on 24 July, 2001. The towers were in fact close to worthless, being filled with asbestos, yet Silverstein “felt a compelling urge to own them”. Although the Port Authority carried only $1.5 billion of insurance coverage on the WTC complex, which earlier that year had been valued at $1.2 billion, Silverstein had insisted on doubling that amount, insuring the buildings for $3.55 billion. Within hours of the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11th, Silverstein was on the phone to his lawyers, trying to determine if his insurance policies could "construe the attacks as two separate, insurable incidents rather than one." Silverstein spent years in the courts attempting to win $7.1 billion from his $3.55 billion insurance policy and in 2007 walked away with $4.55 billion, the largest single insurance settlement ever.
Insurance claims of over $4 billion were made for damages on 9/11 to structures entirely outside the WTC proper.
You obviously don't. The towers were not blown apart, baby, and they did not topple sideways either, they fell vertically into their own foot print, as is clear from extensive video footage.
Do you even know what the term “into its own footprint” means
Correct, because the 250,000 tons of steel was carted off to faraway place at the other side of the world, and that while the steel was being loaded and sent off, debris, which was produced, as video footage clearly shows, was cleared too.Replies: @Exile in Paradise, @Sparkon
Additionally, there were no substantial debris heaps on the footprints of the Twin Towers in the aftermath of 9/11.
Sources identifying Gelitin, Gelatin, and members Florian Reither, Ali Janka, Wolfgang Gantner, and Tobias Urban as Austrian include The New York Times, Rolling Stone, Wikipedia, Perrotin and Massimo Dicarlo, a gallery.
According to the Perrotin website:
Janka was born in Salzburg in 1970 — the same year as all the other members of the breakaway Gelitin apart from Tobias Urban, who is four years older and was the last to leave Galette.
Of course it’s possible the Mossad, the CIA, or even Bullwinkle and Rocky made all that up, including gelitin’s wretched “artwork.” or sites like Winterwatch (“Speaking Truth To Power”) that claim Reither, Janka et al. are Israeli.
Along with the so-called “Dancing Israelis,” the misidentified “Israeli Art Students” in the WTC have long been the two major pieces of the Mossad did 9/11 conjecture, but they turn out to be little more than a Double-Nothing-Burger.
Building 6 in 9-11
On 9/11, Bldg. 6 at the World Trade Center was holed out by debris falling from WTC I, which also demonstrates again that the Twin Towers did not fall into their own footprints, as the crowd here likes to parrot … or snort.
Please explain that concept. The physics of falling objects causing a building to blow up and out leaving a crater.Replies: @Sparkon
On 9/11, Bldg. 6 at the World Trade Center was holed out by debris falling from WTC I,
So when you say “It’s unlikely that the men who actually called the 9/11 mass murder event outed themselves in a Hollywood movie” you are unwittingly reciting the script they wrote for you. (Or, of course, you could be one of “them” pushing that script as a meme for others to unwittingly spread.)
Since you have opened the concept of “pushing that script as a meme for others to spread,” did you ever finally concede that the so-called Gelatin artists in residence in the WTC before 9/11 were not Israelis — as you have been insisting?
If so, I missed it, but here’s another chance for you to acknowledge that those artists were Austrians, and were not Israelis. Of course, feel free to check with Gordon Duff first, and maybe run this by him too:
The main (but not only) guilty parties who outed themselves on 9/11 — by their own actions — were Pres. George W. Bush and VP Dick Cheney.
And or course others have since outed themselves about 9/11 in other ways, Kevin.
New Information on Israelis in Dallas in November 1963:
It’s not new.
It’s been thoroughly debunked.
It’s entirely off-topic.
Oswald did it, acting alone, on his own initiative, and without anyone else’s assistance or knowledge.
Wrong!
The first shot hit Pres. Kennedy in the throat, and Lee Harvey Oswald could not have fired it from the TSBD, irrespective of what anyone pays you to think or write.
Nor could Oswald have prevailed on the Secret Service to relax its protection of JFK on Nov. 22, 1963, so that, among other shortcomings, there were only two SS agents in the front of the president’s limo instead of the usual three agents. The absence of the third man in the middle front seat allowed the shot that hit Pres. Kennedy in the throat after piercing the limo’s windshield.
After Pres. Kennedy had been declared dead at Parkland hospital, gun wielding Secret Service agents illegally hijacked Pres. Kennedy’s corpse from the legal medical authorities in Dallas where the autopsy, by law, should have taken place, so that the bullets could be extracted from the dead president, and his wounds altered prior to two autopsies at Bethesda, one covert, and one official, but both illegal, and of course by then, Oswald was in jail back in Dallas.
Contrary to myth, JFK was not a Vietnam dove.
Wrong. It’s not a myth, but it is NSM-263, wherein Pres. Kennedy had ordered almost all U.S. personnel out of Vietnam by the end of 1965. If Pres. Kennedy hadn’t been killed, at most about 200 U.S. GIs would have perished in Vietnam, instead of the 58,220 young Americans who came home from Vietnam in body bags.
The Vietnamese War tore the United States apart. In my view, it’s never been put back together again. That’s why Pres. Carter granted pardons to all Vietnam draft dodgers in 1977, in a vain attempt to heal those wounds and find some closure, but Reagan, Bush and Thatcher would visit Tehran in 1978 with a plan to depose the Shah, bring in the Ayatollah, and get Bush elected.
But while Bush may have been “born with a silver foot in his mouth,” he didn’t have an ounce of charm, while Ron Reagan had tons of it, along with tax breaks for the rich, trickle down “Voodoo Economics,” downsizing, outsourcing, offshoring, and the best darn astrologer Nancy could find.
Astrology didn’t wreck the Middle Class, but Reagonomics did.
Sorry, I didn't mean to overlook or give short shrift to the Italians, but in any case, it's quite interesting to note that Italian IQs - and income - are said to range from lower to higher along a N-S geographical axis. I wonder if hair color follows that alignment, especially after reading Bombercommand's interesting remark about kinky hair and H. erectus. and if or where dark curly hair enters the equation. I tend to associate dark curly hair with, say, Greeks and Italians, but that may derive from Hollywood. Among those versions of "Dominique" I played awhile back, I actually thought Orieta Berti's version in Italian was the most charming, at least partially because of the group of probably 1st grade Italian boys gathered around the nun as she sang, who were generally light brown or fair haired with only a couple boys with fairly dark hair, and a couple boys who are strikingly blonde. There was a kid at my grade school with an Italian name who had pretty much the exact shade of blonde hair as one of those Italian kids - pure blonde hair that he carried into adulthood.Our Dominican nuns dressed exactly the way - wore the same habits - as the Italian Dominican nuns are dressed in this video, and the school's principal resembled and had the same kind of shining white skin as Orietta Berti, so for me it's definitely a throw-back moment, and I think it probably registers on a similar timbre for anyone raised by Roman Catholic Dominican nuns. I can't quite finish this blurb without mentioning that my Roman Catholic Parochial school at the time - 1950s Midwestern USA - was entirely white, or White, as you prefer, but of course I had no say at all in any of it. Here I want to say a little about evolution, which is widely misunderstood, in my view. For example, most people will tell you that the dog evolved from the wolf, and most people will cite Darwin, who had all of his amazing insights while studying creatures that had developed while living in a unique environment replicated nowhere else on Earth. So how did that work, or does it really work at all? I don't think it does because it requires a few guys with this or that unique feature screwing almost every woman on the planet at the time. It simply does not compute.A more likely explanation for evolution is planet-wide or at least hemispheric environmental changes that were brought on by intensified, perhaps sudden cosmic bombardment that made surviving creatures evolve simultaneously in short order because of mutations. and wiped out many others.Just as Darwin was misled by the unique environment of the Galapagos Islands, so too are we misled about evolution by thinking that Earth's environment has been stable over the eons. I say Earth has probably been losing -- and regrowing -- some of its atmosphere for a long time. A thicker, more buoyant atmosphere helps explain the gigantic sizes of the dinosaurs, creatures like the familiar Brontosaurus and kin, weighing up to perhaps 50 tons, which I argue would be unable to get around with our current atmosphere, and that's the reason the largest creatures on Earth today are entirely marine, supported by the buoyancy of the oceans. The modern 200 ton Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is considered to be the largest creature that has ever lived on Earth. To wrap this up
Italian average IQ is 102 higher than the average 99, 98 IQ of the other west European nations.
Among those versions of “Dominique” I played awhile back, I actually thought Oriet[t]a Berti’s version in Italian was the most charming, at least partially because of the group of probably 1st grade Italian boys gathered around the nun as she sang, who were generally light brown or fair haired with only a couple boys with fairly dark hair, and a couple boys who are strikingly blonde.
I‘ve since learned that Orietta Berti’s performance of “Dominique” was not filmed with actual students and real Dominican nuns, as I rather naively thought, but was in fact a scene from the movie Zum zum zum – La canzone che mi passa per la testa (Zum zum zum – The song that goes through my head)
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0159150/fullcredits/?ref_=ttch_sa_1
The blonde Italian kid — or one of them — was Walter Brugiolo, who passed away on Sept. 30, 2024 at the age of 63.
Orietta Berti — “Dominique” — from the movie Zum zum zum – La canzone che mi passa per la testa
However, that slight flub does not detract from my points about Italian IQ, wealth, and blonde hair color, which are aligned along a N-S axis, concentrated in the north and declining as one travels south down the Italian peninsula.
I.T. is not my strong-suite [sic] and I wouldn’t know where to begin how to access Daily Stormer.
Please don’t take this personally, but I can’t let the opportunity pass without addressing this common mistake.
A strong suit is something at which one excels, or “forte.” Note that pronunciation of forte is also contested territory, with many usage commentators recommending the one-syllable pronunciation that sounds like “fort.”
Suit has many meanings as a noun by itself, including a matched set of garments, a matched set of playing cards, a legal action. or, in the plural number “suits,” as slang for bosses and management personnel.
As a verb, “suit” means to be in accord with something, to match or fulfill a requirement. expectation, or desire. “Suit up” is a common term for being on an athletic team — or joining some endeavor — and being ready for action.
Suite refers to a set of rooms, a set of matching furniture, or a musical composition, and is a homophone for “sweet.”
As always, watch out for those homophones, sweet or not.
Finally, any mistakes are entirely my own, and no AI was used herewith.
Italian average IQ is 102 higher than the average 99, 98 IQ of the other west European nations.
Sorry, I didn’t mean to overlook or give short shrift to the Italians, but in any case, it’s quite interesting to note that Italian IQs – and income – are said to range from lower to higher along a N-S geographical axis. I wonder if hair color follows that alignment, especially after reading Bombercommand’s interesting remark about kinky hair and H. erectus. and if or where dark curly hair enters the equation. I tend to associate dark curly hair with, say, Greeks and Italians, but that may derive from Hollywood.
Among those versions of “Dominique” I played awhile back, I actually thought Orieta Berti’s version in Italian was the most charming, at least partially because of the group of probably 1st grade Italian boys gathered around the nun as she sang, who were generally light brown or fair haired with only a couple boys with fairly dark hair, and a couple boys who are strikingly blonde.
There was a kid at my grade school with an Italian name who had pretty much the exact shade of blonde hair as one of those Italian kids – pure blonde hair that he carried into adulthood.
Our Dominican nuns dressed exactly the way – wore the same habits – as the Italian Dominican nuns are dressed in this video, and the school’s principal resembled and had the same kind of shining white skin as Orietta Berti, so for me it’s definitely a throw-back moment, and I think it probably registers on a similar timbre for anyone raised by Roman Catholic Dominican nuns. I can’t quite finish this blurb without mentioning that my Roman Catholic Parochial school at the time – 1950s Midwestern USA – was entirely white, or White, as you prefer, but of course I had no say at all in any of it.
Here I want to say a little about evolution, which is widely misunderstood, in my view. For example, most people will tell you that the dog evolved from the wolf, and most people will cite Darwin, who had all of his amazing insights while studying creatures that had developed while living in a unique environment replicated nowhere else on Earth. So how did that work, or does it really work at all? I don’t think it does because it requires a few guys with this or that unique feature screwing almost every woman on the planet at the time. It simply does not compute.
A more likely explanation for evolution is planet-wide or at least hemispheric environmental changes that were brought on by intensified, perhaps sudden cosmic bombardment that made surviving creatures evolve simultaneously in short order because of mutations. and wiped out many others.
Just as Darwin was misled by the unique environment of the Galapagos Islands, so too are we misled about evolution by thinking that Earth’s environment has been stable over the eons.
I say Earth has probably been losing — and regrowing — some of its atmosphere for a long time. A thicker, more buoyant atmosphere helps explain the gigantic sizes of the dinosaurs, creatures like the familiar Brontosaurus and kin, weighing up to perhaps 50 tons, which I argue would be unable to get around with our current atmosphere, and that’s the reason the largest creatures on Earth today are entirely marine, supported by the buoyancy of the oceans.
The modern 200 ton Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is considered to be the largest creature that has ever lived on Earth.
To wrap this up on a philosophical or perhaps flippant note with a trick question, if you got to choose, would you want to be born a very smart guy like Ron Unz, or a very beautiful Italian movie star like Virna Lisi?
I've since learned that Orietta Berti's performance of "Dominique" was not filmed with actual students and real Dominican nuns, as I rather naively thought, but was in fact a scene from the movie Zum zum zum - La canzone che mi passa per la testa (Zum zum zum - The song that goes through my head)https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0159150/fullcredits/?ref_=ttch_sa_1The blonde Italian kid -- or one of them -- was Walter Brugiolo, who passed away on Sept. 30, 2024 at the age of 63.
Among those versions of “Dominique” I played awhile back, I actually thought Oriet[t]a Berti’s version in Italian was the most charming, at least partially because of the group of probably 1st grade Italian boys gathered around the nun as she sang, who were generally light brown or fair haired with only a couple boys with fairly dark hair, and a couple boys who are strikingly blonde.
November 22, 2025 has passed without a single article at Unz Review this year that even mentioned the 62nd anniversary of President Kennedy’s assassination in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963, a tragedy from which my country has never really recovered.
And so it went.
And Apollo 11 saw dust fly too, as recorded by video through the LEM's porthole.
Space.com’s video of Firefly Blue Ghost’s descent and landing on the Moon completely verifies my suppositions about the behavior of lunar dust under a landing rocket as a lot of the dust can be seen swirling around and moving directly upward under the blast of the Firefly probe’s descent engine, entirely in accordance with Mr. Newton’s 3rd Law.
No, not at all. As I stated upthread, and which you seem intent on ignoring, Apollo 11's engine cut off several feet before it even touched down on the surface. Most all of the dust it kicked up would have already been blown out and gone by the time the landing pads hit the surface.Replies: @Sparkon
Whatever else one might extract from the video, it seems pretty clear that the Apollo 11 landing pads should have been be covered with some lunar dust.
No, not at all. As I stated upthread, and which you seem intent on ignoring, Apollo 11’s engine cut off several feet before it even touched down on the surface. Most all of the dust it kicked up would have already been blown out and gone by the time the landing pads hit the surface.
I‘m not ignoring it. I’m just not buying your arguments about Apollo 11 and the lack of dust on the upper surface of its landing pads. Dust would continue falling on it even after Apollo 11 touched down.
The billowing dust begins rising into the video frame at the ~1:19 mark as the Firefly Blue Ghost nears the lunar surface. The swirling dust grows in intensity, some of it clearly moving upward, before the probe lands at the ~1:29 mark, after which a thin cloud of dust can be seen continuing to fall as it thins out up to the ~1:39 mark, as the video fades out.
No, the cameras used for Apollo all appear to have operated at 10 fps (to accomodate the restricted bandwith available).
I counted 35 frames from the time the hammer and feather were dropped until they touched the regolith. The original TV broadcasts from the Moon were transmitted back to earth at 30 frames per second where they were filmed and later converted to video tape. Meanwhile, NASA lost or recorded over the original video tapes, so this is another case where the dog ate the homework.
1 pound less of camera equipment translates to 1 pound more of lunar surface material for the same amount of safety margin. What is so strange about that? Spacecraft designers try to pare mass whereever they can. It's because of the rocket equation.Replies: @showmethereal, @Sparkon
Indeed, NASA claims the astronauts left many (all but 3) of their 570 gram Hasselblad cameras on the Moon so the astronauts could return more rocks. Cough cough. NASA must have been cutting it pretty darn close with available thrust and fuel if the 570 gram weight of the camera could have made a significant difference, but it makes for good storytelling and an exciting narrative anyway.
No, the cameras used for Apollo all appear to have operated at 10 fps (to accomodate the restricted bandwith available)
You should have read and understood the entire Wikipedia article before jumping to an incorrect conclusion about the frame rate, but the narrow available bandwidth remains an open question with respect to color TV transmission from the Moon at 30 fps.
At 10 fps and without artificial interpolation, the fall of the hammer and feather would have been recorded on just 14 frames, rather than the 35 I counted, indicating the video was recorded at 24/25 fps.
According to NASA, the color video cameras used on Apollos 15, 16 and 17 were mounted on the moon buggies (after they were deployed), and recorded at 29.97 fps, commonly referred to as 30 fps.
Usage Apollo 15 (lunar surface), Apollo 16 (lunar surface) and Apollo 17 (lunar surface)
Supplier RCA Astro Electronics
Sensor Silicon intensifier target (SIT) tube
Resolution more than 200 TV lines (SIT sensor – 600 TV lines)
Field Scan rate 59.94 fields-per-second monochrome (color filters alternated between each field)
Frame rate 29.97 frames per second
Frame size 525 lines
Color encoder Field-sequential color system
Automatic light control (ALC) average or peak scene luminance
Bandwidth up to 5 MHz
Spectral response 350–700 nm
Gamma 1.0
Sensitivity > 32 dB signal-to-noise ratio
Dynamic range > 32:1
Lens 6× zoom, F/2.2 to F/22
Yes, you appear to be right. I stand corrected.
According to NASA, the color video cameras used on Apollos 15, 16 and 17 were mounted on the moon buggies (after they were deployed), and recorded at 29.97 fps, commonly referred to as 30 fps.
See this 2025 video for reference.
I cannot understand completely the dynamics of the interaction between lunar dust and the LEM’s descent engine
Thanks.
Space.com’s video of Firefly Blue Ghost’s descent and landing on the Moon completely verifies my suppositions about the behavior of lunar dust under a landing rocket as a lot of the dust can be seen swirling around and moving directly upward under the blast of the Firefly probe’s descent engine, entirely in accordance with Mr. Newton’s 3rd Law.
As the rocket nears the lunar surface, some of its blast is directed outward as it has no place else to go, and right after touch-down, we get a glimpse of a rock that was ejected outward on a trajectory looking much like a 7-iron golf shot.
Whatever else one might extract from the video, it seems pretty clear that the Apollo 11 landing pads should have been be covered with some lunar dust.
And Apollo 11 saw dust fly too, as recorded by video through the LEM's porthole.
Space.com’s video of Firefly Blue Ghost’s descent and landing on the Moon completely verifies my suppositions about the behavior of lunar dust under a landing rocket as a lot of the dust can be seen swirling around and moving directly upward under the blast of the Firefly probe’s descent engine, entirely in accordance with Mr. Newton’s 3rd Law.
No, not at all. As I stated upthread, and which you seem intent on ignoring, Apollo 11's engine cut off several feet before it even touched down on the surface. Most all of the dust it kicked up would have already been blown out and gone by the time the landing pads hit the surface.Replies: @Sparkon
Whatever else one might extract from the video, it seems pretty clear that the Apollo 11 landing pads should have been be covered with some lunar dust.
Hammer-feather drop: NASA estimates drop was from 1.6 meters. Since we know acceleration at moon’s surface is 1.6 meters per second per second, the time it takes to fall is easily calculated, but a pain in the ass to type out. It calculates to 1.4 seconds. It’s a displacement/acceleration equation, can be found at site called Calculator Soup, go to Physics, solve for “t, given a, u, s.”
As I mentioned, direct measurements are almost always better than calculations, and in this case we have the video tape, so it’s a simple matter of counting frames.
I counted 35 frames from the time the hammer and feather were dropped until they touched the regolith. The original TV broadcasts from the Moon were transmitted back to earth at 30 frames per second where they were filmed and later converted to video tape. Meanwhile, NASA lost or recorded over the original video tapes, so this is another case where the dog ate the homework.
At 24 fps, 35 frames elapsed time for the fall works out to 1.4583 seconds, while at 25 fps, fall time is exactly 1.4 seconds, provided I counted the frames accurately. The major difficulty in counting frames was recognizing exactly when astronaut David Scott released his grip on hammer and feather. The feather was hard to see, and appeared to jump downward in a couple spots, probably but not certainly an artifact of the conversion process, but, in any case, I focused on the hammer.
I was interested in this demonstration because it seems to verify that objects fall to the Moon six times slower than they do on Earth. I concede I cannot understand completely the dynamics of the interaction between lunar dust and the LEM’s descent engine other than my belief that a lot of dust would have been blown upward and outward as the LEM landed, and any of that dust that wasn’t accelerated to escape velocity would have fallen back to the Moon slowly – 6x more slowly than dust falls on Earth – and over an extended period of time, so in my mind’s eye at least, the result would have been a light, fairly even covering of dust on everything in the landing zone.
It’s conceivable somebody was looking at the Apollo 11 photos and was struck by the lack of any dust on the landing pads, so a point was made to scatter or kick some dust onto the pads in subsequent missions.
Recall that the Soviets claimed to have returned just 300 grams of Moon dirt in three separate Luna missions — a tiny amount compared to the 28 some kilograms NASA claims Apollo 11 brought back to Earth. The recent Chinese missions claim to have returned just 2 kg and 1.73 kg of lunar material to Earth.
Indeed, NASA claims the astronauts left many (all but 3) of their 570 gram Hasselblad cameras on the Moon so the astronauts could return more rocks. Cough cough. NASA must have been cutting it pretty darn close with available thrust and fuel if the 570 gram weight of the camera could have made a significant difference, but it makes for good storytelling and an exciting narrative anyway.
If you’re interested in the conventional take, one of the pieces in the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report from late 1969 is titled Apollo 11 Soil Mechanics Investigation, which starts on page 85 (page 93 of the PDF).
I concede I cannot understand completely the dynamics of the interaction between lunar dust and the LEM’s descent engine other than my belief that a lot of dust would have been blown upward and outward as the LEM landed, and any of that dust that wasn’t accelerated to escape velocity would have fallen back to the Moon slowly – 6x more slowly than dust falls on Earth – and over an extended period of time, so in my mind’s eye at least, the result would have been a light, fairly even covering of dust on everything in the landing zone.
The dust would have been ejected laterally from the landing site, pinched between the moon's surface and the descending lander, the only place the dust (and rocket exhaust) could go was laterally out, that is horizontally, or upwards in the arc that was available between surface and the extremities of the lander. However, in the absence of an atmosphere, there was nothing to slow the dust down. So if it was ejected laterally at great speed, it continued at that speed in a long parabolic arc as the moon's gravity eventually pulled it back to the surface. Like a shell fired from a howitzer. Possibly landing miles away from the lander.
any of that dust that wasn’t accelerated to escape velocity would have fallen back to the Moon slowly – 6x more slowly than dust falls on Earth – and over an extended period of time, so in my mind’s eye at least, the result would have been a light, fairly even covering of dust on everything in the landing zone.
No, the cameras used for Apollo all appear to have operated at 10 fps (to accomodate the restricted bandwith available).
I counted 35 frames from the time the hammer and feather were dropped until they touched the regolith. The original TV broadcasts from the Moon were transmitted back to earth at 30 frames per second where they were filmed and later converted to video tape. Meanwhile, NASA lost or recorded over the original video tapes, so this is another case where the dog ate the homework.
1 pound less of camera equipment translates to 1 pound more of lunar surface material for the same amount of safety margin. What is so strange about that? Spacecraft designers try to pare mass whereever they can. It's because of the rocket equation.Replies: @showmethereal, @Sparkon
Indeed, NASA claims the astronauts left many (all but 3) of their 570 gram Hasselblad cameras on the Moon so the astronauts could return more rocks. Cough cough. NASA must have been cutting it pretty darn close with available thrust and fuel if the 570 gram weight of the camera could have made a significant difference, but it makes for good storytelling and an exciting narrative anyway.
See this 2025 video for reference.
I cannot understand completely the dynamics of the interaction between lunar dust and the LEM’s descent engine
I agree. It was a disaster. But a disaster that had to happen. Life is understand backwards, as Kierkegaard stated. But it has to be lived forward.
Brown Vs the Board of Education
Brown Vs the Board of Education
I agree. It was a disaster.
Yes it was, and it continues to be a disaster for blacks and whites alike, but Brown Vs Topeka in 1954 was the slow but probably inevitable outcome of the 14th Amendment, passed into law in July 1868:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
[my bold]
So there it is in black and white.
Sure, I think almost everyone agrees that Chinese (107) and some other Orientals like both Japanese (106) and Koreans (106) do well on IQ tests, but one surprise is Iran (106), and another Russia (103), all several points better than N. Europeans, led by Belarus and France, both at 101.
In the USA, the national average is said to be 100 — good (or bad) for 30th place — but U.S. blacks average about 15 points lower, so the average for white Americans must be somewhat higher than 100.
One study found the following average IQ scores: White Americans — 103.21, Hispanic Americans — 91.63, and African Americans — 88.67
OK, so far so good. If you want to be smart, try to be born Chinese.
Now let’s look at another statistic showing the racial make-up of NBA players is up to 75% black and just 17.5% white, the NFL is about the same, but MLB has 72.8% white players, and just 8.9% blacks, 7.5% Latino, and 3.7% Asian players despite the recent prominence of Japanese players Shohei Otani and Yoshinobu Yamamoto in the World Series and regular season.
There is currently one Chinese player in the NBA, 7’1″ Yang Hansen, drafted in 2025 but now sent down to the G league.
So if you want to be a player in the NBA, try to be born black in the USA.
As far as I can tell, there has never been a U.S. major league baseball player who was born in mainland China, but famous Japanese player Sadaharu Oh of the Yomiuri Giants was half-Chinese.
Well, of course, from some perspectives, chasing a little ball around is a foolish way to spend one’s time, but from other perspectives, there’s nothing better to watch, and team loyalty can stir up men’s passions like nothing short of pussy.
Race itself however, almost certainly developed long after the rise to prominence of Cro-Magnon Man, the first model of Homo sapiens, which may or may not have displaced Neanderthal Man and/or Homo erectus.
These Early Modern European Humans were men and women with bigger brains and were generally more robustly built than the later “modern” humans that emerged just before and/or after the most recent ice sheets receded, and went on to invent written language and build cities, even as their body and brain sizes were reduced.
With the rise of cities, a beggar class emerged who were able to eke out a living on handouts and the city’s scraps, along with con men and other grifters who were empowered, fed, and protected within the city’s ramparts.
So I don’t think it’s really accurate to say that Erectus walks among us, as that species died out long ago. If you want to say that Cro-Magnon walks among us, you might have a better case.
👍👌Good remark.
So I don’t think it’s really accurate to say that Erectus walks among us, as that species died out long ago. If you want to say that Cro-Magnon walks among us, you might have a better case.
It seems the AI genies are out of the bottle, but so far Hollywood hasn’t openly used AI to recreate and digitally resurrect long-dead actors. Certainly, there’s bound to be a lot of opposition to the concept from living actors, who don’t want to compete with digital recreations of say, Grace Kelly and Cary Grant.
The more raw data one has to train an AI clone, the more lifelike the recreated actor can be, but even a few good still images or photographs may be good enough to recreate a convincing digital clone, especially with facial features, where work has been done already several years ago keying all the standard phonemes and certain common expressions to their associated mouth and facial movements. With some effort, a video of anybody can be made to say — or do — whatever the CGI & Digital Technicians desire.
However, making a digital clone have the same personality so that it would converse and respond the way some famous actor would — or your mom — requires distilling a fairly large corpus of their writing before processing it to create a chatbot.
Ron Unz does something like that here with selected writers, so you could go have a conversation with the UnzBot.
All in all, I find the concept intriguing but certainly prone to dangerous abuse through AI’s ability to generate life-like images and videos that are entirely false. Of course, Bearing False Witness is one of mankind’s oldest sins, so the AI just puts new polish and window-dressing on an old trick.
Well, it’s certainly a New World, alrite, but just how Brave it is, remains to be seen. So far the record seems to reflect that the low-down and dirty often prevails over the high and mighty.
Not if they shut the engines down before they even touched down, which was their standard planned procedure, and which they did on at least some of the missions.
So some of that kicked up dust – maybe a lot of it – should have settled on the landing gear’s foot pads. .
No, this is not true. Here is a picture of the landing pads on Apollo 16 which has - yes, that's right - dust on it!
But there wasn’t any dust at all visible on the upper surfaces of the LEM’s landing gear foot pads, or any place else on the LEM either, in any of the Apollo photographs, which becomes one of those unpleasant facts that indicate very strongly to me that the LEM couldn’t have – and didn’t – land on the very dusty Moon.
Yes, I am aware of the scientific method. I even understand what it means. You don't.You didn't conduct an experiment. You fed some key words into an AI tool and got similar results to what other people got when they fed in the same, or similar, keywords.
The accepted method is science is to repeat experiments to see if the same result is obtained. When the same result is returned by various parties, the experiment is considered to have been verified, and whatever theory the experiment was conducted to support is considered to be valid.In case you don’t know, that process is known as the Scientific Method.
I've provided plenty of evidence at this website, including for example in this very post. None of you f**kers ever bother to rebut it, probably because you can't. Or perhaps because you don't bother to look at it because it would upset the tenets of your your little cult. All you lot do is talk or - in your case - let some AI tool do the talking for you.Replies: @Sparkon
Of course, you are free to try to time the Apollo hammer-feather drop yourself, but all you do is talk, talk talk, and rarely, if ever, provide any source at all to back up your babble, speaking of hot exhaust gases blowing dust.
But you said “in any of the Apollo photographs”. Did you look at all of the Apollo photographs? Evidently not.
Yes, you’re right. I meant to write and should have written “no dust on the footpads in any of the Apollo 11 photographs, ” which your link also notes.
THE DETAILS: Photographs of Apollo 11’s lunar module footpads on the Moon show them to be completely dust-free (Figure 8.14-1). To some this seems suspicious. Shouldn’t the engine blast have blown at least some dust onto the footpads? Says Bill Kaysing in the 2001 documentary Did We Land on the Moon?:
The LEM’s rocket engine was throttleable from ~10% to 100%. I don’t know what position it was in as Eagle settled down on the Moon, but if Armstrong and Aldrin had been flying horizontally and then hovering in Eagle, Armstrong must have reduced throttle to descend, so it’s possible the velocity of the exhaust gases would not have been great enough at that point to accelerate much of the Moon Dust to escape velocity, and certainly any dust not going fast enough to escape the Moon’s gravity field would have to fall back to the Moon’s surface.
You didn’t conduct an experiment. You fed some key words into an AI tool and got similar results to what other people got when they fed in the same, or similar, keywords.
No, as I clearly related, I attempted to time the hammer-feather experiment myself with the timer on my smartphone, which isn’t well suited for the purpose, but I did it anyway just to get a rough and ready result. Do you know what that means?
The results I obtained with crappy equipment were within 0.6 – 0.26 seconds of the reported 1.4 seconds timed by others who almost certainly had better equipment than I did, and many people have good stopwatches. Hand timings are always a little faster than automatic timings simply because we humans cannot react as quickly as a laser beam, and there is a small interval of time for the brain to send the signal to the thumb, making the event seem a little faster than it actually was, when timed by hand.
Of course, the picture you’ve posted also shows a couple footprints in addition to the dust. The way the astronauts shuffled around, it’s certainly possible they kicked dust onto the pads, which could have happened as easily on Earth as on the Moon, but in the Moon scenario, I would think the slowly falling Moon Dust would form a thin layer on everything.
They just happened to kick dust on to the pad from the inboard side, but not the outboard side?
Of course, the picture you’ve posted also shows a couple footprints in addition to the dust. The way the astronauts shuffled around, it’s certainly possible they kicked dust onto the pads, which could have happened as easily on Earth as on the Moon, but in the Moon scenario, I would think the slowly falling Moon Dust would form a thin layer on everything.
And? I don't see the point of your point. Yes the exhaust plume would kick some dust. So?
Sure. My point, or one of them, was in the preceding paragraph…
If the Moon and its gravity weren’t in the way, every dust particle would just keep on going following the same trajectory or vector each was on when the rocket engine shut down.
No, the information I've provided is much more accurate than anything you have provided, nor indeed has been provided by most of the commenters here.
It’s up to you. Either way you’ll get better information than what you’re trying to peddle here.
How do you know it is error free? Sure, other people might get the same results that you do, and they might be equally wrong. You've know idea what that particular LLM was trained on. GIGO. Moreover, it appears that AI chatbots start to take your input as training material. There have been many reported cases of them beginning to modify their output to feed into the biases of the person making the requests. Does Copilot do that too? Damned if I know. Has AI Copilot started telling you that you are Jesus Christ yet? If it does, don't try walking on water.Replies: @Sparkon
Yea verily! I will certainly continue to use whatever tools I have at my disposal to ensure my comments here are error free in the spirit of Zero Defects.
And? I don’t see the point of your point. Yes the exhaust plume would kick some dust. So?
So some of that kicked up dust – maybe a lot of it – should have settled on the landing gear’s foot pads. .
But there wasn’t any dust at all visible on the upper surfaces of the LEM’s landing gear foot pads, or any place else on the LEM either, in any of the Apollo photographs, which becomes one of those unpleasant facts that indicate very strongly to me that the LEM couldn’t have – and didn’t – land on the very dusty Moon.
How do you know it is error free? Sure, other people might get the same results that you do, and they might be equally wrong.
The accepted method is science is to repeat experiments to see if the same result is obtained. When the same result is returned by various parties, the experiment is considered to have been verified, and whatever theory the experiment was conducted to support is considered to be valid.
In case you don’t know, that process is known as the Scientific Method.
Of course, you are free to try to time the Apollo hammer-feather drop yourself, but all you do is talk, talk talk, and rarely, if ever, provide any source at all to back up your babble, speaking of hot exhaust gases blowing dust.
You mean the dust that was ejected laterally at high speed by the rocket engine exhaust, and continued its trajectory at that same velocity (in the absence of an atmosphere to slow it down) in a parabolic arc until the moon's gravity pulled it to the surface, as you yourself just claimed in a previous comment?
So some of that kicked up dust – maybe a lot of it – should have settled on the landing gear’s foot pads. .
Not if they shut the engines down before they even touched down, which was their standard planned procedure, and which they did on at least some of the missions.
So some of that kicked up dust – maybe a lot of it – should have settled on the landing gear’s foot pads. .
No, this is not true. Here is a picture of the landing pads on Apollo 16 which has - yes, that's right - dust on it!
But there wasn’t any dust at all visible on the upper surfaces of the LEM’s landing gear foot pads, or any place else on the LEM either, in any of the Apollo photographs, which becomes one of those unpleasant facts that indicate very strongly to me that the LEM couldn’t have – and didn’t – land on the very dusty Moon.
Yes, I am aware of the scientific method. I even understand what it means. You don't.You didn't conduct an experiment. You fed some key words into an AI tool and got similar results to what other people got when they fed in the same, or similar, keywords.
The accepted method is science is to repeat experiments to see if the same result is obtained. When the same result is returned by various parties, the experiment is considered to have been verified, and whatever theory the experiment was conducted to support is considered to be valid.In case you don’t know, that process is known as the Scientific Method.
I've provided plenty of evidence at this website, including for example in this very post. None of you f**kers ever bother to rebut it, probably because you can't. Or perhaps because you don't bother to look at it because it would upset the tenets of your your little cult. All you lot do is talk or - in your case - let some AI tool do the talking for you.Replies: @Sparkon
Of course, you are free to try to time the Apollo hammer-feather drop yourself, but all you do is talk, talk talk, and rarely, if ever, provide any source at all to back up your babble, speaking of hot exhaust gases blowing dust.
Or if it hits the ground. I don’t know what your point is. Do you have one?
Sure. My point, or one of them, was in the preceding paragraph…
If the Moon and its gravity weren’t in the way, every dust particle would just keep on going following the same trajectory or vector each was on when the rocket engine shut down.
…which you either didn’t read, had already forgotten, or are simply trying to gaslight us once again by skipping past what I’ve already written and pretending I didn’t write it, so now you can proclaim triumphantly that your Moon Dust particle can hit the “ground”
You asked:
By the way, should I address these comments to Sparkon? Or should I just talk to Copilot AI and cut out the middleman?
It’s up to you. Either way you’ll get better information than what you’re trying to peddle here. I sometimes use Copilot as sort of a footnote function to verify or document my comment, after I’ve first used it to fact check what I’ve written, so for me the AIs can function as good fact checkers, editors and proof readers, and of course, as I’ve identified the AI, anyone should be able to repeat my work.
For example, I couldn’t really get what I’d call an accurate timing of the falling hammer & feather demonstration supposedly conducted on the Moon. Although I had a mechanical stopwatch for many years, including the famed Omega Speedmaster Chronograph worn by the Apollo astronauts, I don’t have one these days and the stopwatch app on my smartphone is not well-suited for timing short length events, but I gave it a try anyway and my results varied in the range 0.88 – 1.17 seconds.
So I asked Copilot, which provided the 1.4 second figure and gave two links as sources, one of them NASA, which verified the 5’2″ height,, and the other non-NASA link where the 1.4 second figure was given, which is pretty much consistent with my crude efforts, given the limitation of my stopwatch.
So the 1.4 second figure seems pretty close to what is seen in the NASA video of the hammer and feather experiment, demonstrating the AI’s utility to all but intellectual Luddites who are threatened by modern tools.
Yea verily! I will certainly continue to use whatever tools I have at my disposal to ensure my comments here are error free in the spirit of Zero Defects.
And? I don't see the point of your point. Yes the exhaust plume would kick some dust. So?
Sure. My point, or one of them, was in the preceding paragraph…
If the Moon and its gravity weren’t in the way, every dust particle would just keep on going following the same trajectory or vector each was on when the rocket engine shut down.
No, the information I've provided is much more accurate than anything you have provided, nor indeed has been provided by most of the commenters here.
It’s up to you. Either way you’ll get better information than what you’re trying to peddle here.
How do you know it is error free? Sure, other people might get the same results that you do, and they might be equally wrong. You've know idea what that particular LLM was trained on. GIGO. Moreover, it appears that AI chatbots start to take your input as training material. There have been many reported cases of them beginning to modify their output to feed into the biases of the person making the requests. Does Copilot do that too? Damned if I know. Has AI Copilot started telling you that you are Jesus Christ yet? If it does, don't try walking on water.Replies: @Sparkon
Yea verily! I will certainly continue to use whatever tools I have at my disposal to ensure my comments here are error free in the spirit of Zero Defects.
No, the dust follows it's trajectory until it hits the ground. It doesn't hit the ground with no energy. Nor would it "swirl", as you seem to think. Everything you think happens is informed by your picture of a rocket engine (probably a big one) firing into one atmosphere on the surface of the Earth, not a smaller rocket engine, with an expanded plume firing into a vacuum.
Well “almost instantly” is a vague term, but in general, the dust blown away by the rocket’s exhaust would continue to follow the trajectory imposed on it by the energy of the high velocity gasses in the rocket’s exhaust, and it would follow that trajectory until that energy was exhausted under the conditions of the Moon’s gravity, which is weaker than Earth’s and things fall slower there.
I never said it that no dust would be blown away. You are lying in implying that I did. Yes, some dust would be blown away. Dust blowing away was seen in the video taken by the astronauts during landing. That doesn't necessarily mean it would form a crater. Moreover it would be subject to the conditions I mentioned upthread. If you want to know what those are, then READ THEM. I'm tired of replying to people who don't even acknowledge arguments that others make in reply to them, let alone fail to understand them.Replies: @Sparkon
Finally, it’s reassuring to see you’ve at last conceded that the dust beneath the rocket engine would be blown away, and by extension, a crater would be formed.
No, the dust follows it’s [sic] trajectory until it hits the ground. It doesn’t hit the ground with no energy.
Sure it does. Once the rocket engine shuts down, there is no source of energy for the dust, and it falls to the regolith entirely under the force of the Moon’s gravity, but some of it may have been accelerated to escape velocity by the extremely powerful thrust of the LEM’s descent engine.
If the Moon and its gravity weren’t in the way, every dust particle would just keep on going following the same trajectory or vector each was on when the rocket engine shut down.
The energy is spent, but the motion remains. A body in motion tends to stay in motion while a body at rest tends to stay at rest, until disturbed by some force, like the thrust of a rocket engine.
Sparkon: I was relating this to the question of what happened to the Moon dust as the LEM settled onto the lunar surface. The exhaust gases were high velocity and possibly could have accelerated some of the dust to escape velocity, but a lot of it seemingly would have sort of rained down slowly under the Moon’s reduced gravity.
Copilot AI: That’s an excellent way to apply these concepts to the physics of the lunar landing. Your intuition is correct; the behavior of the Moon dust was determined by complex interactions of forces and vectors, resulting in a fascinating trajectory.
The exhaust gases from the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) engine behaved like a powerful force that accelerated the dust. The resulting motion can be broken down as follows:1. The Initial Force and Velocity Vectors
The high-velocity exhaust plume (estimated at around 8,000 to 10,000 feet per second just before landing) imparted a variety of velocity vectors to the tiny dust particles.High-Velocity Ejection: Near the center of the plume, dust was accelerated outwards at high speeds. Some of these particles were indeed moving fast enough to achieve the Moon’s escape velocity (approximately 2.38 km/s or 5,300 mph) and were permanently lost to space.
Lower-Velocity Vectors: Further from the center of the plume, or where the dust was lifted indirectly, the initial velocity vectors were lower.
2. Trajectory under Lunar Gravity
Once the particles left the immediate influence of the exhaust plume, their trajectories were governed by the principles of projectile motion under the Moon’s low gravity, which is only about one-sixth that of Earth’s.Longer, Flatter Arcs: Because gravity was weak, even particles with modest upward velocity vectors followed long, flat, parabolic trajectories compared to how they would behave on Earth. They traveled much farther horizontally before landing.
“Raining Down Slowly”: The reduced gravitational pull meant that the rate at which they fell back to the surface (the downward component of their acceleration) was slow. This gave the appearance you described of “raining down slowly.”
In summary, you are right: the interaction of the LEM’s engine force created initial velocity vectors that, when left to the influence of the Moon’s weak gravity, caused the dust to follow very long, slow-falling trajectories, creating a significant horizontal dust cloud.
Your Moon Dust’s trajectory may vary, of course, as it is entirely under the gravitational influence of the rocks in your head.
Or if it hits the ground. I don't know what your point is. Do you have one?
The energy is spent, but the motion remains. A body in motion tends to stay in motion while a body at rest tends to stay at rest, until disturbed by some force, like the thrust of a rocket engine.
I would wager Mr. Sparkon flunked high school physics. That much was apparent from the 9/11 threads.
This is high-school physics.
I would wager Mr. Sparkon flunked high school physics. That much was apparent from the 9/11 threads.
You would lose that wager, as I passed high school Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, as well as college courses in Physics, Astronomy, Geology, Paleontology, and Logic. My Sophomore year in high school, I won recognition for scoring in the 98% percentile on a nationally administered Science Reading Comprehension exam, the 1962 NEDT.
I recall you are the guy who walked in here with an F-Bomb while making a mistaken claim, but who has never bothered to acknowledge his mistake. No, you have carried on like your error didn’t matter, and maybe to you it doesn’t because you make so many, obviously because your science reading comprehension isn’t too good.
For fuck’s sake, it was the MAGAZINES that were lowered on tethers. Hasselblads have detachable magazines. The astronauts would complete the roll in their camera, detach the magazine, which would be raised to the LM via a tether, and a fresh one lowered.
Have you people never even seen a film camera?
Ha ha ha. That may draw a chuckle from those many readers who’ve had cameras that looked nothing like the Hasselblad moon cameras, and/or who’ve bothered to read my step-by-step analysis of what was required of the astronauts to complete a film change on their chest-mounted Hasselblads.
Any further wagers you’d like to lose?
The rocket exhaust would blow the dust away and then it woul almost instantly fall. The exhaust is not contained by anything, as there is no atmosphere to contain it. It's density decreases rapidly with distance from the source.
Moon Dust should have been suspended by and in the very high velocity hot gasses of the rocket engine blowing back from the lunar surface, which would have set the dust swirling around due to the uneven nature of the regolith below.
I am amused and terrified by all the people citing some AI tool or another as proof positive of their contentions. AI is not a substitute for thinking. Or rather, it shouldn't be, although it appears to be becoming so.
As the Copilot AI confirmed, it’s a textbook example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion.
Do you go to the bathroom when Copilot tells you?Replies: @Sparkon
According to the video, the hammer and feather were dropped from about 5.2 feet, and took about 1.4 seconds to hit the lunar surface. At least, that’s what Copilot tells me.
The rocket exhaust would blow the dust away and then it woul almost instantly fall.
Well “almost instantly” is a vague term, but in general, the dust blown away by the rocket’s exhaust would continue to follow the trajectory imposed on it by the energy of the high velocity gasses in the rocket’s exhaust, and it would follow that trajectory until that energy was exhausted under the conditions of the Moon’s gravity, which is weaker than Earth’s and things fall slower there.
Finally, it’s reassuring to see you’ve at last conceded that the dust beneath the rocket engine would be blown away, and by extension, a crater would be formed.
No, the dust follows it's trajectory until it hits the ground. It doesn't hit the ground with no energy. Nor would it "swirl", as you seem to think. Everything you think happens is informed by your picture of a rocket engine (probably a big one) firing into one atmosphere on the surface of the Earth, not a smaller rocket engine, with an expanded plume firing into a vacuum.
Well “almost instantly” is a vague term, but in general, the dust blown away by the rocket’s exhaust would continue to follow the trajectory imposed on it by the energy of the high velocity gasses in the rocket’s exhaust, and it would follow that trajectory until that energy was exhausted under the conditions of the Moon’s gravity, which is weaker than Earth’s and things fall slower there.
I never said it that no dust would be blown away. You are lying in implying that I did. Yes, some dust would be blown away. Dust blowing away was seen in the video taken by the astronauts during landing. That doesn't necessarily mean it would form a crater. Moreover it would be subject to the conditions I mentioned upthread. If you want to know what those are, then READ THEM. I'm tired of replying to people who don't even acknowledge arguments that others make in reply to them, let alone fail to understand them.Replies: @Sparkon
Finally, it’s reassuring to see you’ve at last conceded that the dust beneath the rocket engine would be blown away, and by extension, a crater would be formed.
"would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time" No, it would not. That's not how gravity works Beavis. Again, high school physics. When any dust that arose stops rising, it doesn't stop there pausing to take in the view, it falls immediately. The exhaust gas, traveling faster than the speed of falling, would if anything exert a downward force on the dust, making it fall ... wait for it America ... faster. But not sooner, because there is no pause.Oh and by the way something: "the rocket's thrust" is solely devoted to slowing and managing the LEM's descent. You're imagining the leftovers going on some sort of adventure. Again, high school physics. I keep saying "high school" because you don't need calculus to understand it.Replies: @Sparkon
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around
When any dust that arose stops rising, it doesn’t stop there pausing to take in the view, it falls immediately.
Not exactly. After engine shut down, any and all of the suspended dust particles would each continue on whatever trajectory it had taken based on the energy or push it had received from the high velocity exhaust gasses of the rocket engine.
Before engine shut down, the rocket’s powerful exhaust of high velocity gasses would have continued to bounce upward and outward from the lunar surface, providing plenty of energy to keep some of the swirling dust suspended, at least for a short time.
You and others can’t seem to comprehend what the presence of the hot exhaust gasses means for that immediate environment where the LEM supposedly settled down on the Moon.
What part of "When any dust that arose stops rising" do you not understand? Or are you purposely trying to be invincibly and aggressively stupid? By your "reasoning" the dust just keeps on going? So where does your imaginary dust cloud come from? Again, Jesus Christ you're stupid. You can't have it both ways. "That's what she said."
After engine shut down, any and all of the suspended dust particles would each continue on whatever trajectory it had taken based on the energy or push it had received from the high velocity exhaust gasses of the rocket engine.
So they're just hanging out, waiting to be impelled? You just said:
Before engine shut down, the rocket’s powerful exhaust of high velocity gasses would have continued to bounce upward and outward from the lunar surface, providing plenty of energy to keep some of the swirling dust suspended, at least for a short time.
It's a wonder that you weren't stuffed in a sack and drowned at birth, or failing that, retroactively.
"any and all of the suspended dust particles would each continue on whatever trajectory it had taken based on the energy or push it had received from the high velocity exhaust gasses of the rocket engine."
Well, upon reflection, I don't think that's necessarily correct as the equation gives a result of 2.45x times slower, meaning it's not a straight linear relationship, but the point remains that everything definitely falls slower under the Moon's reduced gravity..Replies: @Sparkon
which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
I always like direct measurements rather than equations, and the Apollo 15 hammer and feather demonstration gives me just the numbers I need for a logical argument, at the very least.
According to the video, the hammer and feather were dropped from about 5.2 feet, and took about 1.4 seconds to hit the lunar surface. At least, that’s what Copilot tells me.
On Earth, an object taking 1.4 seconds to hit the ground would need to be dropped from about 31.5 feet.
31.5 / 5.2 = 6.058, a figure that aligns with my initial instincts, assuming of course that the Apollo 15 video is even authentic, which it couldn’t be if men never went to the Moon.
Nevertheless, presumably the NASA guys would have applied their knowledge to give the demonstration verisimilitude with respect to the time needed for anything to fall to the Moon from that height, and if they faked everything else, this feather & hammer thing wouldn’t have presented any major challenge to Hollywood or Pinewood either one.
https://youtu.be/oYEgdZ3iEKA?t=59
Apollo 15 Hammer-Feather Drop
At (00:59) a pale, thin, horizontal brown bar stretches across the frame aligned with both feather and hammer at the instant they are released by the astronaut. That defect shows up for 3 or 4 frames and is a good sign that the video was manipulated in some way.
In vacuum, dust and hammers fall at the same rate. The "dust" (what is it with you guys and "dust"?) - the regolith goes up and then comes down. It is not "suspended" as you claimed upthread because there is nothing for it to be suspended in.
The Moon’s surface is composed of dust, not hammers. In any case, if you haven’t heard, the Moon’s gravity is just 1/6 of Earth’s gravity, which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
The exhaust didn't "swirl". There is no atmosphere; there is nothing for it to swirl in.
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around, as they too had to go somewhere, and cannot just glide into the Moon like that old familiar hot knife into butter.
It is not “suspended” as you claimed upthread because there is nothing for it to be suspended in.
Moon Dust should have been suspended by and in the very high velocity hot gasses of the rocket engine blowing back from the lunar surface, which would have set the dust swirling around due to the uneven nature of the regolith below.
As the Copilot AI confirmed, it’s a textbook example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion.
The rocket exhaust would blow the dust away and then it woul almost instantly fall. The exhaust is not contained by anything, as there is no atmosphere to contain it. It's density decreases rapidly with distance from the source.
Moon Dust should have been suspended by and in the very high velocity hot gasses of the rocket engine blowing back from the lunar surface, which would have set the dust swirling around due to the uneven nature of the regolith below.
I am amused and terrified by all the people citing some AI tool or another as proof positive of their contentions. AI is not a substitute for thinking. Or rather, it shouldn't be, although it appears to be becoming so.
As the Copilot AI confirmed, it’s a textbook example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion.
Do you go to the bathroom when Copilot tells you?Replies: @Sparkon
According to the video, the hammer and feather were dropped from about 5.2 feet, and took about 1.4 seconds to hit the lunar surface. At least, that’s what Copilot tells me.
As theCopilot AI confirmedMommy assured me, it’s a textbook example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion.
b. “Suspended”? Suspended in what pray tell? In a vacuum dust falls as fast as a hammer falls. Rethink, redo, resubmit.The Moon's surface is composed of dust, not hammers. In any case, if you haven't heard, the Moon's gravity is just 1/6 of Earth's gravity, which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth. So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket's thrust, would appear to be suspended in the "air" for a time by the Moon's relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket's exhaust swirling around, as they too had to go somewhere, and cannot just glide into the Moon like that old familiar hot knife into butter.
Really? What do you think supposedly happened to the dust when it was disturbed by the rocket? Did it just lie there?
a. That’s not what Newton’s 3rd law is about.
You, roonaldo, and Mr. Anon better rendezvous back at the Peanut Gallery and get some better gaslight.Replies: @notanonymoushere, @Mr. Anon, @Sparkon, @notanonymoushere
Yes, Newton’s Third Law absolutely applies to a rocket landing and the dust it kicks up. The interaction between the rocket’s exhaust and the surface dust is a textbook example of action and reaction forces.-- Copilot AI
which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
Well, upon reflection, I don’t think that’s necessarily correct as the equation gives a result of 2.45x times slower, meaning it’s not a straight linear relationship, but the point remains that everything definitely falls slower under the Moon’s reduced gravity..
a. That's not what Newton's 3rd law is about.
Hence, due to Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – which operates the same everywhere – we can be quite certain that the exhaust blast of the LEM’s descent engine would have kicked up a lot of that light, loose material, which would have remained suspended for a little while, at least, in the Moon’s relatively low gravity.
b. “Suspended”? Suspended in what pray tell? In a vacuum dust falls as fast as a hammer falls. Rethink, redo, resubmit.
The Moon’s surface is composed of dust, not hammers. In any case, if you haven’t heard, the Moon’s gravity is just 1/6 of Earth’s gravity, which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around, as they too had to go somewhere, and cannot just glide into the Moon like that old familiar hot knife into butter.
a. That’s not what Newton’s 3rd law is about.
Really? What do you think supposedly happened to the dust when it was disturbed by the rocket? Did it just lie there?
Yes, Newton’s Third Law absolutely applies to a rocket landing and the dust it kicks up. The interaction between the rocket’s exhaust and the surface dust is a textbook example of action and reaction forces.
— Copilot AI
You, roonaldo, and Mr. Anon better rendezvous back at the Peanut Gallery and get some better gaslight.
So you agree they fall at the same speed.
In any case, if you haven’t heard, the Moon’s gravity is just 1/6 of Earth’s gravity, which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
And you know this how? Have you ever seen a moon landing or are you just speculumating? No air = no air resistance to stop the dust. How do you know it didn't just keep going, fleeing the scene? Again, have you ever seen a moon landing?
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around, as they too had to go somewhere, and cannot just glide into the Moon like that old familiar hot knife into butter.
Again, a. That’s not what Newton’s 3rd law is about. Newton's 3rd is not about dust, it's about what makes a rocket go. When you hit a baseball the ball is subject to a force. The bat is subject to an equal and opposite force. This is high-school physics. In the case where you had to run crying to AI, the exhaust gases would exert a force on the dust, and the dust would exert a force on the exhaust gases. So? You are dangerously close to a delusion I've seen before on the internet, that rockets somehow push against the ground. The exhaust gas has already exerted force against the craft, and its interaction with the dust is a separate exertion. Newsflash: the dust pushes back against the exhaust gas, slowing it down. Again, high school physics. Again, you are wrong.
Really? What do you think supposedly happened to the dust when it was disturbed by the rocket? Did it just lie there?
In vacuum, dust and hammers fall at the same rate. The "dust" (what is it with you guys and "dust"?) - the regolith goes up and then comes down. It is not "suspended" as you claimed upthread because there is nothing for it to be suspended in.
The Moon’s surface is composed of dust, not hammers. In any case, if you haven’t heard, the Moon’s gravity is just 1/6 of Earth’s gravity, which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
The exhaust didn't "swirl". There is no atmosphere; there is nothing for it to swirl in.
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around, as they too had to go somewhere, and cannot just glide into the Moon like that old familiar hot knife into butter.
Well, upon reflection, I don't think that's necessarily correct as the equation gives a result of 2.45x times slower, meaning it's not a straight linear relationship, but the point remains that everything definitely falls slower under the Moon's reduced gravity..Replies: @Sparkon
which means both hammers and dust fall six times slower on the Moon than they do on Earth.
"would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time" No, it would not. That's not how gravity works Beavis. Again, high school physics. When any dust that arose stops rising, it doesn't stop there pausing to take in the view, it falls immediately. The exhaust gas, traveling faster than the speed of falling, would if anything exert a downward force on the dust, making it fall ... wait for it America ... faster. But not sooner, because there is no pause.Oh and by the way something: "the rocket's thrust" is solely devoted to slowing and managing the LEM's descent. You're imagining the leftovers going on some sort of adventure. Again, high school physics. I keep saying "high school" because you don't need calculus to understand it.Replies: @Sparkon
So the Moon dust, once kicked up by the rocket’s thrust, would appear to be suspended in the “air” for a time by the Moon’s relatively lower gravity, and by the all the hot gasses of the rocket’s exhaust swirling around
In regard to albedo. It is a reflectivity index. That should give you a clue. It is not a “brightness” index.
It was you who made the claim that the Moon’s surface is “very bright”, and it was I who corrected you on that point, noting that the Moon’s low 0.12 albedo gives it about the same reflectivity as “dark asphalt.”
You also said:
Would there have been “clouds” of dust? You mean like on earth? Or in a vacuum?
I have been talking only about the Moon. It’s you who’s now bringing up the red herring arguments about a vacuum and the Earth, like the jackass Mr. Anon who wants to derail the Apollo skeptics discussion by screeching about Flat Earth.
Here’s a little refresher Physics course for you:
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion works the same everywhere.
From the Soviet lunar rover missions, we know that some of the regolith was comprised of soft, dusty material that was easily compressed, meaning it must be extremely light weight and flimsy, possibly a consequence of sitting for unknown eons in the unfiltered solar and cosmic rays that have bombarded our Moon since it formed.
Hence, due to Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – which operates the same everywhere – we can be quite certain that the exhaust blast of the LEM’s descent engine would have kicked up a lot of that light, loose material, which would have remained suspended for a little while, at least, in the Moon’s relatively low gravity.
Surely, there should have been an easily noticeable crater or circular depression formed when that soft, loose, light regolith came under the force of the descent engine and was kicked up and aside, an inevitable consequence of Newton’s 3rd Law.
The landing pads themselves should have kicked up dust upon contact with the lunar surface, but the pads seem to have escaped any and all Moon Dust as they settled to the lunar surface, which must register as another of those Amazing Things Apollo Did On the Moon.
a. That's not what Newton's 3rd law is about.
Hence, due to Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – which operates the same everywhere – we can be quite certain that the exhaust blast of the LEM’s descent engine would have kicked up a lot of that light, loose material, which would have remained suspended for a little while, at least, in the Moon’s relatively low gravity.
Oh, by the way, check out the comments of commenter “Serenus”. He’s a flat-earther too, so together with “Truth”, that makes at least two on this site. I wouldn’t be surprised if there were several more. Perhaps you should take a poll.
It’s only you who keeps talking about a couple Flat Earthers- all of two of ’em now!! – obviously in a vain attempt to associate those two (!) FE fools with Apollo Moon skeptics, who’ve made many of the over 1,000 comments in this discussion.
You just want to distract attention from my points about the camera, and derail the conversation.
Head back to the Peanut Gallery and get a new script.
That's two more than you seemed willing to conced when you started this. How many more are there who just don't say.
It’s only you who keeps talking about a couple Flat Earthers- all of two of ’em now!!
Derail how? I don't even know what your points about the camera are, nor do I care. Discuss them to your hearts content!
You just want to distract attention from my points about the camera, and derail the conversation.
The Nut Gallery is all yours, pal.
Head back to the Peanut Gallery and get a new script.
https://www.nasa.gov/history/alsj/alsj-RCU-Bracket.html
Sorry, I flubbed that link.
For what it’s worth, I’ve been using a new keyboard and mouse, which I’ve slowed down to the lowest setting but still it’s a little too fast and wild, and this keyboard seems to need more pressure than I prefer to exert, so it misses keystrokes, and who needs that?
Here I will take a close look at the Hasselblad camera’s reputed “quick release” mechanism NASA claims facilitated quick and easy removal of the Hasselblad camera from its chest-mounted position in order to change film magazines, etc.
But removing the camera was anything but easy and could hardly have been quick. Follow along with me as I endeavor to step through the camera removal and reattachment operations necessary to change film, and also in the course of the multiple EVAs on several missions.
First the so-called Remote Control Unite (RCU) had to be removed from its mounting plate on the astronaut’s chest to which it is mated by a narrow T-slot that slides over an extruded flange arrangement on the pack worn directly on the chest of the moon suit. (See photos at link below)
To begin removing the camera, a catch is released and the RCU bracket can be slid straight up over a couple inches of travel until it is free of the extrusion. Now with the unit in his hands, the astronaut can begin disassembly of the RCU by rotating a semi-concealed knurled knob at the top of the handle, which when free releases both the RCU bracket and the trigger assembly!
Getting at that rather dinky little knurled knob (see illustration) and rotating it with bulky, pressurized gloves must be included among the Apollo Astronaut’s Most Amazing Feats While On the Moon.
Apollo 12 Mission Report figure 14-45, exploded view of the Camera-Trigger-Handle-Bracket Assembly.
At this point, the disassembled camera assembly is in several pieces: the handle, the trigger mechanism, the RCU bracket, and the camera/magazine combo.
It’s conceivable the handle’s screw is held in place with a locking washer, preventing it from separating entirely from the RCU bracket, so in the best case scenario, the astronaut has the camera/magazine, handle/bracket and trigger mechanism to deal with while he pulls out the dark slide and inserts it into the narrow slot on the film magazine mated to the camera. At last, he can rotate the release mechanism and remove the film magazine from the rear of the Hasselblad.
Now the astronaut really has his hands full with the camera, the magazine, the trigger assembly, and the handle/bracket, assuming of course they are joined and not in separate pieces. For Apollo 14, the astronauts had a cart, or mobile equipment transporter (MET) so they didn’t have to lug everything around by hand, and I suppose it might have served as a kind of mobile workbench for things like swapping out film magazines, but the point is the astronaut was faced with managing several items in his hands – simultaneously or not – in a dusty environment while trying to accomplish difficult, high precision motor skills.
So, however he managed to juggle all those parts of the camera disassembly, at this point, the astronaut must stash the old magazine and mount a new one. So far so good, but now to reattach the handle, bracket and trigger, the very tricky step remains of passing the handle’s screw thru the trigger assembly before getting the screw perfectly lined up with the screw hole on the bottom of the motor drive so that the threads will “catch” and it can be screwed back in, a job no doubt made much more difficult by doing it in bulky, pressurized gloves.
Whew! Well the camera is back mounted on the RCU, so all that remains is to slide the RCU back onto the flange on the front of his suit, and this is another operation where precise alignment is required before the parts will fit together.
But don’t take my word for it. Examine all the parts here:
That's not a Hasselblad. They had no handles, nor that big honking lens tube. That's more likely a video camera, brah. Go with Christ brah.
But don’t take my word for it. Examine all the parts here:
There should have been a large crater.
Agreed! Soviet investigation of regolith in their Lunokhod program revealed it to be soft, crumbly, and dusty. Analyses of regolith returned to Earth in the Soviet’s Luna program confirmed that it was “mostly basaltic rock fragments, glassy particles, and fine dust,” according to the Copilot AI.
In my opinion, there should have been substantial craters in the regolith directly beneath the LEM’s descent engine, or at least some evidence of its blast, and the four foil-covered landing pads or feet should have been covered in dust. But instead, there is no sign of any disruption to the regolith immediately below the LM’s rocket nozzle, nor do those feet show any signs at all of plunking down on the lunar surface in what would have been clouds of dust, and instead are as clean and pristine as if they’d come directly from the props department.
As a USAF veteran, I want to interject on Veterans Day, Nov 11, 2025, that it gives me no great pleasure to point out obviously big problems with the photography and other aspects of the Apollo program, such as the Jack White-inspired time-motion studies I’ve focused on with a series of comments in this discussion.
As we say: My Country Right Or Wrong.
What this means for me is – however unpleasant it may be – the truth is always preferable to lies and false beliefs.
Anything built on a bad or false foundation will someday tumble, and an ounce of prevention really is worth a pound of cure, if not tons of it.
I think it’s better for the nation to acknowledge the many transgressions of past U.S. administrations, brace for and hang tough through any over-reactions from the many ‘Murica Haters festering in their envy, so the United States of America can come clean with the world at large, and resume its world leadership with a clean conscience and entirely propitious program to dominate the world with peace.
If we’re going to have Pie in the Sky, let’s at least make it delicious!
Those cameras survived the lifting and lowering without (any known) padding.
Yes, and this operation was supposedly completed multiple times on missions with multiple EVAs.
And your spatial visualization instincts are spot on. It just so happens I have located a 3D model of the LEM I’ve had for years that was hiding out due to a recent major computer adventure. I can’t recall now where I downloaded the file but I’m certain it was a free download that looks a lot like the model at TurboSquid, where they want $99 for it, and where you can get some limited but worthwhile views around the LEM showing how the main landing gears several support struts protruded out to the side, and created a little sort of monkey bars tangle, that leaves only one spot for each astronaut where they did indeed have an open path to lower and raise the Hasselblad and its magazines, but one of the struts also looks like it would have been directly in front of the astronaut on the ground, meaning he’d have to reach above or below it to get his hands on the camera, so this is another fairly exacting and time consuming operation that NASA seemingly has skimmed over.
See a nice preview of the LEM model below the …
Here's one I found after about 30 seconds of Googling:
Source? You don’t have one, and you just pulled that out of your rear end.
A digital photo of totally unknown provenance from some website somewhere. They could have done anything to it. Who knows how many times it's been processed. It had to at least have been processed when it transferred to a digitial medium. It's crap. Your evidence is not evidence.Replies: @Sparkon
And neither you nor anyone else has addressed my comment 417 about GPN-2000-001137 from Apollo 17 which anyone can download, and for which I gave simple instructions so anyone can repeat the operation for himself and see the cut lines proving the photo is a composite and a fake.
So, now this is how this goes: You demand a source. I provide one. Now you ignore it and move on to the next thing.
No, you’re lying again. Obviously, you can’t even keep the sequence of comments in this discussion straight, but it’s easy enough to prove you wrong..
In my comment 417, well over a week ago on Nov. 4, 2025, I brought up GPN-2000-001137.
Much later, in your comment 930, on Nov. 10, 2025 you made your specious claim about Flat Earthers etc. to Kevin Barrett, which you repeated in your comment 933 yesterday trying to smear me by insinuation.
The NASA photo GPN-2000-001137 is included in Harrison’s Schmitt’s Wikipedia article and is posted at Wikimedia Commons, where the source is given as “NASA Image and Video Library,” and it is stated <“This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA.”
QED
I have no idea what you are talking about concerning the sequence of comments. Of what relevance is that? I didn't pay any attention to most of your comments. I couldn't care less what you posted and when.
No, you’re lying again. Obviously, you can’t even keep the sequence of comments in this discussion straight, but it’s easy enough to prove you wrong..
And? Is this supposed to be significant? Was I supposed to know this somehow? Was it announced on the News or something?
In my comment 417, well over a week ago on Nov. 4, 2025, I brought up GPN-2000-001137.
https://www.unz.com/kbarrett/stunning-apollo-moon-photos-too-good-to-be-true/?showcomments#comment-7371516
Yes, you are right 930 > 417. My reply to Kevin Barrett was later than your post about that picture.
Much later, in your comment 930, on Nov. 10, 2025 you made your specious claim about Flat Earthers etc. to Kevin Barrett, which you repeated in your comment 933 yesterday trying to smear me by insinuation.
It's a digital photo. Moreover, it's a jpeg, which is a compressed picture file-format. It isn't an original analog photo on film. You have no idea how many times it's been cropped, compressed, de-compressed, color-adjusted, contrast-adjusted, tec. Those people on Aulis were probably picking out digital artifacts. I am not impressed by them or their picture.
The NASA photo GPN-2000-001137 is included in Harrison’s Schmitt’s Wikipedia article and is posted at Wikimedia Commons, where the source is given as “NASA Image and Video Library,” and it is stated <“This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA.”
Wrong photo.
It seems you can’t get anything straight, like your claim about the Moon’s surface being “very bright,” – it’s not – or Cheney appointing himself head of NORAD, which he couldn’t do..
No, many Moon Hoax believers do believe the Earth is flat. Not all of them, but many do. And there are those who believe that no humans have ever gone to space. And there are those who think that rockets are actually ballooons. I would venture that several people who have posted here at this thread believe that very thing. I know there is at least one - "Truth", who has said so often.
No, you’ve committed yet another fallacy of false equivalence by artificially cobbling together a disparate grab bag of nutty things some humans believe while trying to mischaracterize that lot as “Moon Hoax believers.”
1.) I don't reconize any obligation I have to you to comment on whatever drivel you post. Oh boy, Russian dudes at some site named Aulis claim that a photo is fake. I believe you said it was obviously fake or words to that effect. It's not obvious to me, nor is it obvious to me why I should give a damn what some Russian fantasists think.
You’ve been rattling your keyboard quite a bit in this discussion while dodging the critical points, such as that phony Apollo 17 photo I brought up in my comment 417, almost a week ago and over 500 comments back.
No, many Moon Hoax believers do believe the Earth is flat.
Source? You don’t have one, and you just pulled that out of your rear end.
In any case I certainly have never taken any of those positions nor am I responsible for what anyone else says about anything.
And neither you nor anyone else has addressed my comment 417 about GPN-2000-001137 from Apollo 17 which anyone can download, and for which I gave simple instructions so anyone can repeat the operation for himself and see the cut lines proving the photo is a composite and a fake.
Here's one I found after about 30 seconds of Googling:
Source? You don’t have one, and you just pulled that out of your rear end.
A digital photo of totally unknown provenance from some website somewhere. They could have done anything to it. Who knows how many times it's been processed. It had to at least have been processed when it transferred to a digitial medium. It's crap. Your evidence is not evidence.Replies: @Sparkon
And neither you nor anyone else has addressed my comment 417 about GPN-2000-001137 from Apollo 17 which anyone can download, and for which I gave simple instructions so anyone can repeat the operation for himself and see the cut lines proving the photo is a composite and a fake.
No, I very much am not. You haven't been paying attention to the conversation here, have you? And it isn't just here. Check out the comment section on any space-related story on Zerohedge.
You’re attacking a straw man. Nobody doubts that there was indeed a huge space program that sent spacecraft to the moon and elsewhere.
'
The questions are about the alleged 1969-1972 manned landings and return flights. Skeptics like Mazzucco argue that NASA planned and built hardware and software for manned moon missions, meaning that the vast majority of engineers would have believed they were real—indeed the intention to put a man on the moon before 1970 was real until at least the mid-1960s—but the top of the command chain ultimately chose not to risk the astronauts’ lives (and America’s reputation) by actually sending the astronauts, instead deploying a simulacrum involving stage sets, sending astronauts into earth or moon orbit without a landing, etc. That may or may not be realistic, but it is a far cry from “such a large infrastructure built to service a hoax.”
The opinions held by Moon Hoax believers range from what you have stated to the opinion that nobody has ever travelled to space, that humans have never sent anything into space, that rockets are actually balloons, and that the Earth is flat and space itself doesn’t exist.
No, you’ve committed yet another fallacy of false equivalence by artificially cobbling together a disparate grab bag of nutty things some humans believe while trying to mischaracterize that lot as “Moon Hoax believers.”
But most of us are talking about the Apollo Moon missions, and nothing else, despite your feeble attempt to associate and corral Moon Hoax believers in with proponents of whatever nutty nonsense tumbled off the top of your head, or fell out from your lower regions.
You’ve been rattling your keyboard quite a bit in this discussion while dodging the critical points, such as that phony Apollo 17 photo I brought up in my comment 417, almost a week ago and over 500 comments back.
No, many Moon Hoax believers do believe the Earth is flat. Not all of them, but many do. And there are those who believe that no humans have ever gone to space. And there are those who think that rockets are actually ballooons. I would venture that several people who have posted here at this thread believe that very thing. I know there is at least one - "Truth", who has said so often.
No, you’ve committed yet another fallacy of false equivalence by artificially cobbling together a disparate grab bag of nutty things some humans believe while trying to mischaracterize that lot as “Moon Hoax believers.”
1.) I don't reconize any obligation I have to you to comment on whatever drivel you post. Oh boy, Russian dudes at some site named Aulis claim that a photo is fake. I believe you said it was obviously fake or words to that effect. It's not obvious to me, nor is it obvious to me why I should give a damn what some Russian fantasists think.
You’ve been rattling your keyboard quite a bit in this discussion while dodging the critical points, such as that phony Apollo 17 photo I brought up in my comment 417, almost a week ago and over 500 comments back.
They merely lowered cameras mated to film magazines and, in some cases, extra magazines, using the clothesline-ring method
Yes, you’re merely acknowledging what I’ve already established from NASA’s own documentation, so it’s nice to see you’ve finally caught up, but you dodged the dark slide issue entirely.
https://www.nasa.gov/history/alsj/alsj-DarkSlide.html
NASA shows some nice pictures of the Hasselblad from one of the Apollo-Soyuz missions,, but it has a rear-mounted film magazine, and indeed photographs of Armstrong with the Hasselblad mounted show it has a rear film magazine behind and not under the camera at all, so the bottom-mounted film magazine was misinformation.
The device under the camera is likely its motor drive, which was semi-automatic in function, not automatic, meaning there was no “burst” mode, and each photo took at least a second to expose and advance the film.
What this all means, of course, is more bad news for the astronaut’s available time window to complete an increasingly busy list of tasks.
Removing the exposed film magazine and replacing it with a fresh magazine of film required removing the entire Hasselblad and magazine from its bracket on the Remote Control Unit (RCU) in order to gain access to the rear-mounted film magazine. But at least with the camera and magazine in his hands, it would have been much easier for the astronaut to insert the dark plane into its very narrow slot, Moon dust notwithstanding.
The magazines could be changed outside the lunar module, even in bright sunlight, by design.
Perhaps, but that wasn’t my point, and in any case, once again there are no known pictures of the astronauts on the Moon actually making the film magazine swap, nor of the much more delicate and demanding dark slide operation.
You see, before the film magazine could be removed from the camera on the Moon, a thin metal plate known as a dark slide had to be inserted into the film magazine – while it was still mounted on the camera – to prevent fogging, which would occur immediately upon detachment of the magazine from the camera without the dark slide in place.
The dark slide insertion operation was significantly more challenging than swapping out the film magazine itself, and was essentially a fine motor skill operation by the astronauts in an environment where their hands were anything but nimble while encased in the bulky gloves.
That said, my point was not about changing film cartridges, so in typical fashion you’ve answered a question I didn’t ask, and dodged all the relevant points entirely.
Pretty obvious. They took a number of magazines out to begin with, swapped out exposed ones during their outing, stashed ’em in a bag, then loaded them into the lunar module when they were done.
Really? When did “they” do that.
The NASA statement you’re trying so hard to ignore makes no mention of any “bag” involved in the transfer of cameras and film magazines from the LM to the Moon’s surface, and back again, and is quite clear about the cord and ring tether method used to lower and hoist the cameras and the mated film cartridges from the LM to the Lunar surface, and back up again.
After all, the film magazines had rings on them for the express purpose of being lowered and raised – even while mated to the camera! – on a cord using the tether method described in NASA’s own document.
Whatever one might think about the astronauts seemingly never flubbing this delicate dark slide operation, even when handicapped by their bulky gloves, one must nevertheless concede that the dark slide operation adds a further exacting and time-consuming process to the long list of things the astronauts supposedly accomplished on their Moon walks.
For fuck's sake, it was the MAGAZINES that were lowered on tethers. Hasselblads have detachable magazines. The astronauts would complete the roll in their camera, detach the magazine, which would be raised to the LM via a tether, and a fresh one lowered.
The point here of course is that this laborious process for getting the cameras down from the LM to the astronauts on the Lunar surface
For f___k’s sake, it was the MAGAZINES that were lowered on tethers. Hasselblads have detachable magazines. The astronauts would complete the roll in their camera, detach the magazine, which would be raised to the LM via a tether, and a fresh one lowered.
No, you are completely wrong on this point in at least two ways. For the third time in this discussion, here is the relevant statement from NASA (with my emphasis):
The two magazines carried along with the Data Camera also had silver finishes. Each was fitted with a tether ring so that a cord could be attached when the Lunar Module Pilot lowered the mated magazine and camera from the lunar module to the Commander standing on the lunar surface. The exposed magazines were hoisted the same way.
There were only two astronauts who descended to the surface of Moon in the LM, and both were on the Lunar surface at the same time during most of the EVAs, so after the cameras were lowered and the 2nd astronaut was on the Lunar surface,- there was nobody up in the LM to lower or raise any cord and tether until one of the astronauts returned there.
I’ve been over this already in some detail, so obviously you haven’t read or understood what I’ve written, or you’re trying to gaslight yourself, which you might be able to accomplish, but don’t try it on me, or you will get pounded into the ground like a tent peg.
You stupidly asked:
Have you people never even seen a film camera?
What people? In any event, most film cameras look nothing like a Hasselblad moon camera, which in rather unique fashion had its film cartridge affixed to the underside of the camera, making it a tricky maneuver to insert blindly what with the big lens sticking out.
So let's pretend I'm an Apollo astronaut just arrived on the surface of the Moon after climbing down the ladder, and now I'm waiting for the LM commander to lower my Hasselblad on a cord down to where I'm standing, but where exactly would that be?
There are no widely available Apollo training photos specifically showing the transfer of the Hasselblad camera and film cartridge on a cord from the Lunar Module (LM) to an astronaut already egressed.
While the transfer of equipment like the Hasselblad camera was a routine part of Apollo EVAs, documentation of this specific moment—especially in training photos—is rare or not publicly cataloged.
-- Copilot AI
If Appendix E of the document that was linked to in comment 819 is trustworthy, then the Apollo 11 Hasselblad and one of the Hasselblads from each of Apollo 14 and 15 were not left on the Moon, but the other Hasselblads from Apollo 12 and 14–17 were left there.(Note that “Hasselblad“ was misspelled in the list of Apollo 12 lunar assets in Appendix E.)Replies: @Sparkon
Oddly, all the Hasselblads were reportedly left on the Moon so the missions could return more Moon rocks to Earth. […]So Apollo 11 had only one Hasselblad, unlike following missions that had two.
Thanks.
So if I’ve got this straight, three Hasselblads were returned to Earth, and ten were left on the Moon over the course of the Apollo program. What became of the two Hasselblads aboard Apollo 13 is unknown.
Getting back to the dangling cord and tether method of moving the cameras and film onto the surface of the Moon from the LM, and then back again into the LM, I asked the Copilot AI if there were any NASA training photos showing the astronauts practicing this somewhat tricky and tedious transfer process.
There are no widely available Apollo training photos specifically showing the transfer of the Hasselblad camera and film cartridge on a cord from the Lunar Module (LM) to an astronaut already egressed.
While the transfer of equipment like the Hasselblad camera was a routine part of Apollo EVAs, documentation of this specific moment—especially in training photos—is rare or not publicly cataloged.
— Copilot AI
So let’s pretend I’m an Apollo astronaut just arrived on the surface of the Moon after climbing down the ladder, and now I’m waiting for the LM commander to lower my Hasselblad on a cord down to where I’m standing, but where exactly would that be?
Note in the overhead viow of the LM, that the secondary struts on the landing gear’s primary strut extend out to the side, seemingly reducing the number of places an astronaut might have been able to position himself to take delivery of his camera being lowered on a cord. ‘Not arguing that it was impossible, but simply observing that this was exactly the kind of thing you would expect the astronauts would have needed to practice, so the absence of any training photos is a bit curious, to say the least.
Oh yeah. I’ve had a crush on Bangles’ Susanna Hoffs (who is Jewish btw) for most of my life.
Yeah, you and half the young guys in the world at the time. Check out their YouTube videos; most of the slobbering is over Susannah Hoffs.
Despite her seductive allure, musical energy and talent, Susanna Hoffs is really not my type at all, and I have Bangle eyes mostly for the leggy Peterson sisters, most especially lead guitarist Vicki Peterson.
In watching some of their videos for the first time, I noticed that the camera was often on Hoffs, and the gorgeous Vicki Peterson rarely was the focus of sustained attention and framing, even when she was performing a guitar solo, and she was not only the band’s lead guitarist, but a damn good guitarist, at that!. That woman could move her body around every bit as seductively as Hoffs, if not more so, simply because 5’6″ Vicki Peterson had a great body.
The diminutive Jewish cutie Hoffs is listed at 5’2″, but she’s obviously shorter than that, closer to 5’0″ by several accounts, putting her squarely in the ranks and impressive retinue of tiny women with great pipes, starting with Judy Garland at 4’11”, Brenda Lee, just 4’9″, along with the likes of Dolly Parton, Stevie Nicks, and Lady Gaga.
I think everyone was mystified and certainly disappointed when the Bangles broke up, seemingly at the height of their success. It’s been said there was tension between Susanna and Vicki about the band’s direction, and certainly the videos provide good evidence that the limelight was falling a lot more on Susanna Hoffs than on Vicki Peterson.
It’s tempting to ascribe Hoffs’ magnetic charm in getting the cameras to focus on her as their default position – and almost inevitable rise to be the face of the Bangles – as a natural benefit of her Jewishness, as much or more than her talent and looks deserved, since folks of the Judaic persuasion are said to control the media and may be reluctant to force any Jewish princess to share the limelight.
Whatever the case, the ladies have gotten along well enough over the years to have had several reunions, with original bassist Annette Zalinskas having rejoined the group for these reunions after long time bassist Michael Steele retired.
And you know, these gals are – and have been – really great musicians throughout their entire careers as the Bangles…
The Bangles – Hazy Shade of Winter (Live at Kaaboo Festival, San Diego 2019)