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 All / By Tobias Langdon
    Australia and Britain are on opposite sides of the globe. But mind annihilates distance and the mind of a leading Irish ethicist has recently pondered events in these two widely separated countries. Yes, the Trotskyist libertarian Brendan O’Neill has raised two very interesting questions about two pairs of energetic Muslims, one pair in Australia, the...
  • Australia appears to be heavily influenced, if not completely controlled, by the Jewish community. They have successfully pressured the government to launch a Royal Commission into the deaths of fifteen wealthy Jews at the hands of two Indians. Additionally, Jews have pressured the government to pass a new law called the “hate crimes law,” which specifically targets Muslim Australians and anyone who opposes Jewish murderous crimes against the Palestinians. This law is based on the new, misleading definition of “anti-Semitism” created by Jews, which has little to do with actual anti-Semitism and more to do with opposition to Jewish murderous crimes against the Palestinian people.

    This legislation criminalizes any criticism of Israel and bans the acknowledgment of the ongoing livestreamed Palestinian genocide. It also prohibits pro-Palestinian demonstrations, critiques of Zionism and Israel, and advocacy for the Palestinian people. As a result, individuals of Palestinian descent, regardless of their birthplace or current residence, are silenced. Writers, actors, musicians and artists of Palestinian origins are banned from public events. This law effectively erases Palestinian identity and has even led Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, a well-known terrorist and war criminal, to celebrate.

  • Dystopian novel? No! Instruction manual? Yes! Those two questions are about George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). The two answers are from the kind of people Orwell was satirizing in the novel. Britain presently has a government full of people like that. It’s the Labour government of the gray grasper Keir Starmer, the Black buffoon David...
  • An outstanding article, very original and thought-provoking. New perspectives are always welcome in these fluid and rapidly changing times where the paradigm is shifting before our very eyes.

    “The only thing constraining my actions is my own morality” said the King just this morning.

  • Good essay. Disturbing but with an affirmative ending. Thanks.

    The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation.

    If all the ministries have names that are the opposite of their real purpose, then it follows that the dungeon master O’Brien is really Goldstein. And the slow motion image of the dismembered hand flying in the sky is not from a Jewish refugee, but rather a Palestinian.

  • @Stewart
    @xyzxy


    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn’t bother you
     
    Yes, apart from the million plus (legal and illegal) browns that flood my country each year, the ever increasing taxes that they steal from me to feed and clothe the invaders, the cameras that track my every move, the prison cell waiting for me if I say something "wrong" while organised rape gangs who prey on our children are protected, apart from that, I suppose the government doesn't really bother me at all.

    STFU you fucking idiot.

    Replies: @xyzxy

    Yes, apart from the million plus …

    That’s exactly what I wrote, before you mentioned it. Reading comprehension is important. You should work on it.

    To ask for a government that ‘doesn’t bother you’ in any way is sort of on the level of a third grade girl who wants a pony for their birthday. Totally unrealistic. And as I said, other than the social stuff, which I agreed with you on, the government is probably not actually bothering you– at least in a physical sense, as you go about your day to day life. Obviously psychologically you are taking a hit. And it shows.

    The monitoring you mention is mostly private. Go into any business and cameras monitor. That’s not the government. But maybe you are in Britain. I’m here in the US. Don’t know how it is in the UK–maybe the government is watching you, 24/7.

    Finally, I don’t think there is a prison cell waiting for you if you ‘say something wrong’. I don’t even think you believe that. Unless you are in Britain. If so, then if you post here on TUR that does mean you are on Starmer’s short list? Or are you exempt since Ron’s site is not in the UK? Brave of you to defy the authorities like you are.

    Actually, I couldn’t tell where you are based. I went through a few of your posts and it wasn’t clear, although I didn’t read them all. However I noticed that you like to tell everyone to ‘shut the fuck up’, if you don’t like what they write. Nothing like coming on someone else’s platform and telling others to go away. While at the same time extolling how you want ‘freedom’ for yourself. LOL

  • Yes, apart from the million plus …

    That’s exactly what I wrote, before you mentioned it. Reading comprehension is important. You should work on it.

    To ask for a government that ‘doesn’t bother you’ in any way is sort of on the level of a third grade girl who wants a pony for their birthday. Totally idiotic and unrealistic. And as I said, other than the social stuff, which I agreed with you on, the government is probably not actually bothering you– at least in a physical sense, as you go about your day to day life. Obviously psychologically you are taking a hit. And it shows.

    The monitoring you mention is mostly private. Go into any business and cameras monitor. That’s not the government. But maybe you are in Britain. I’m here in the US. Don’t know how it is in the UK–maybe the government is watching you, 24/7.

    Finally, I don’t think there is a prison cell waiting for you if you ‘say something wrong’. I don’t even think you believe that. Unless you are in Britain. If so, then if you post here on TUR that does mean you are on Starmer’s short list? Or are you exempt since Ron’s site is not in the UK? Brave of you to defy the authorities like you are.

    Actually, I couldn’t tell where you are based. I went through a few of your posts and it wasn’t clear, although I didn’t read them all. However I noticed that you like to tell everyone to ‘shut the fuck up’, if you don’t like what they write. Nothing like coming on someone else’s platform and telling others to go away. While at the same time extolling how you want ‘freedom’ for yourself. LOL

  • @Curmudgeon
    @Stewart


    Tobias writes well, but he’s still caught up in the left/right binary.
     
    It's not the "binary". It is part of the meddling with your consciousness. "Immigration is the reserve army of capital" is a statement of the 19th century "left", yet today the "left" supports high levels of immigration even though it benefits the "right" not the "left". Anarchism, a political theory of the "left" is now "right" and called libertarianism.
    What is black is white and what is up is down. That is what Langdon is pointing out.

    Replies: @Stewart

    Disagree. Langdon uses the term “leftists” throughout the piece and I am sure he thinks of himself as part of the “right”.

    Political “debate” (such as it is) only occurs within this binary framework and it has been this way for decades – left or right, labour or conservative, democrat or republican.

    today the “left” supports high levels of immigration even though it benefits the “right”

    Ridiculous. Immigration only benefits transnational corporations and the ruling “elites” – everyone else suffers, whatever their beliefs.

  • @xyzxy
    @Stewart


    I don’t want a left wing government, but I don’t want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem – government is the problem.
     
    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn't bother you. On a daily basis it gradually modifies your actions-- deciding for you which side of the road you will drive on, and so forth. But I doubt you can list any actual enforcement government inflicts upon you as a person going about your day to day business that significantly hinders your life and style.

    What most complain about are the social consequences of government; policies that may impact one's physical location (zoning etc), and work environment (AA hiring and promotional opportunities).

    Taxation is an issue to some. But within the total scheme of taxable things it is relatively benign for the majority of citizens . That is to say, due to the progressive nature of income taxation, most people don't pay a significant percentage of their income to the government. Of course in this YMMV, depending upon your salary.

    What really affects many is the belief (rightly so) that the government neither cares about them as citizens, nor works in their benefit. That government is willing to protect them, under the law. This of course is the anarcho-tyranny angle. Then, mass immigration of an unlike kind that gradually (sometimes rapidly) changes the local 'scenery'-- meaning the entire social fabric specific to what was once an indigenous folk.

    Then, an understanding (at least in the US) that the government works the interests of Israel over American interests. Or considers the two as one.

    As you state, the 'left-right' dichotomy is essentially meaningless, and actually a distraction.

    As far as Orwell? His was a mixed bag. Some of the psychological stuff along with the propaganda angle fits. But he was too involved in looking at Soviet economics, the scarcity and monotony of that life, unable to understand the expanding post-war consumer economy (as it transitioned from 'hot' war into 'cold'), leading not to shortages but rather to what has been called an Age of Excess.

    Also, a misunderstanding of the means of psychological control via a surfeit (and not denial) of sex which, at least in the West, was opposite his prediction. And the push for acceptance of mind altering drugs-- for Orwell it was limited to 'Victory Gin' which no one could stomach. Even in his day George should have hit the Fool and Bladder more often in order to discover first hand what was actually available to the proles, to help drown out their sorrows.

    Finally, his political sectioning of the globe into three 'world powers' was not accurate. But then again, he was not Criswell, either. So you can't really hold that against him.

    Replies: @Stewart

    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn’t bother you

    Yes, apart from the million plus (legal and illegal) browns that flood my country each year, the ever increasing taxes that they steal from me to feed and clothe the invaders, the cameras that track my every move, the prison cell waiting for me if I say something “wrong” while organised rape gangs who prey on our children are protected, apart from that, I suppose the government doesn’t really bother me at all.

    STFU you fucking idiot.

    • Replies: @xyzxy
    @Stewart


    Yes, apart from the million plus …

     

    That’s exactly what I wrote, before you mentioned it. Reading comprehension is important. You should work on it.

    To ask for a government that ‘doesn’t bother you’ in any way is sort of on the level of a third grade girl who wants a pony for their birthday. Totally unrealistic. And as I said, other than the social stuff, which I agreed with you on, the government is probably not actually bothering you– at least in a physical sense, as you go about your day to day life. Obviously psychologically you are taking a hit. And it shows.

    The monitoring you mention is mostly private. Go into any business and cameras monitor. That’s not the government. But maybe you are in Britain. I’m here in the US. Don’t know how it is in the UK–maybe the government is watching you, 24/7.

    Finally, I don’t think there is a prison cell waiting for you if you ‘say something wrong’. I don’t even think you believe that. Unless you are in Britain. If so, then if you post here on TUR that does mean you are on Starmer’s short list? Or are you exempt since Ron’s site is not in the UK? Brave of you to defy the authorities like you are.

    Actually, I couldn’t tell where you are based. I went through a few of your posts and it wasn’t clear, although I didn’t read them all. However I noticed that you like to tell everyone to ‘shut the fuck up’, if you don’t like what they write. Nothing like coming on someone else’s platform and telling others to go away. While at the same time extolling how you want ‘freedom’ for yourself. LOL
  • @Anon
    Supposedly over ten thousand British people have been arrested for nasty tweets. Add in their friends and relatives, and that's a ticked off voting block that's never going to vote Labour for any reason whatsoever.

    Labour is too stupid to realize this.

    Replies: @Anonymous 1

    Supposedly over ten thousand British people have been arrested for nasty tweets.

    Seems like you are too stupid to think that people will accept what you claim without backing up your claim without showing facts.
    UNZ has a number of posters that think that other readers should have to spend thier time searching for evidence to substantiate what they post

    Come on, don’t be so lazy when postimg 🙄

  • An interesting conversation between Nick Griffin and Dilly Hussain.

    Nick Griffin | Civil War in Britain, American Deep State & The Zionist Lobby

    In this episode of the Blood Brothers Podcast, Dilly Hussain spoke with the former leader of the far-right British National Party (BNP), Nick Griffin

    Topics of discussion include:

    Why did Dilly and Nick’s first podcast from December 2023 trigger the British political establishment and the pro-Israel lobby?

    The Zionist lobby, anti-Muslim propaganda, censorship, and a major shift in western public opinion against Israel.

    GB News, Southport riots, Raise the Colours campaign, and the rise of an angry white Britain.

    Who wants a civil war in Britain? Tommy Robinson,
    Professor David Betz and Colonel Richard Kemp.

    Who benefits from a civil war in Britain and across Europe? The American deep state and European migration to the U.S.

    British Muslims, western foreign policy, remigration, and a balkanised Britain.

    https://youtu.be/EuDdWiD1WSY?si=udKcjTHg87TaC1j9

  • Supposedly over ten thousand British people have been arrested for nasty tweets. Add in their friends and relatives, and that’s a ticked off voting block that’s never going to vote Labour for any reason whatsoever.

    Labour is too stupid to realize this.

    • Replies: @Anonymous 1
    @Anon


    Supposedly over ten thousand British people have been arrested for nasty tweets.
     
    Seems like you are too stupid to think that people will accept what you claim without backing up your claim without showing facts.
    UNZ has a number of posters that think that other readers should have to spend thier time searching for evidence to substantiate what they post

    Come on, don't be so lazy when postimg 🙄
  • @Anonymous
    What is often not apparent is that Orwell's 1984 and Huxley's Brave New World are not warnings of a dystopia but propaganda. They both portray what dystopia would look like in the extreme: totalitarianism or drugged out social hierarchy. But actual propaganda is much less obvious, more seductive, and entices one to voluntary slavery - such as Constantine's Imperial Cult Christianity described by Joe Atwill in his book Caesar's Messiah. It is not a coincidence that both these books were produced in Britain.

    Replies: @JPS

    No, Huxley’s book is a satire of the kind of thinking that was actually already widely extant in Great Britain. The crazy sex-crazed society without families, in which the works of recusant Roman Catholic William Shakespeare are 100% alien and unrecognizable. It was a reaction to the absurdities that were commonplaces among people around him.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shape_of_Things_to_Come

    1984, likewise, was based on real life. The Soviet Union. Great Britain, the proles there and the BBC. The mentality of a society that voluntarily preserves rationing and even maintains nostalgia about its “fairness.”

    1984 is quite remarkably with prescient its anticipation of novel writing machines. That always seemed far-fetched when I was a kid.

    Going back to the well to attack Christianity is just pitiful, but it’s always the last resort. “Constantine messed everything up.”

    The cultural Left has more or less smashed the cultural power of Christianity, and the chickens are just starting to come home to roost.

  • @James J. O'Meara
    Who controls the minds of the goyim?

    Consider what the goyim have been asked to believe, on pain of exile, death, imprisonment, debanking, etc:

    "I, YHVH, create both good and evil"
    Jesus is both God and man
    God has three persons
    The dead live
    Christians are (true, spiritual) Jews
    Bread and wine are the body and blood of Christ
    War is peace
    2+2=5 if the Party says so.
    The State has withered away
    Dissent must be banned to preserve democracy
    Men are women
    Immigrants are the real Americans

    See the pattern?

    Replies: @Understory

    Jews are realists and particularists themselves, but they push delusional idealism and universalism on goyim.

    • Agree: Bruce Arney
  • Anonymous[153] • Disclaimer says:

    What is often not apparent is that Orwell’s 1984 and Huxley’s Brave New World are not warnings of a dystopia but propaganda. They both portray what dystopia would look like in the extreme: totalitarianism or drugged out social hierarchy. But actual propaganda is much less obvious, more seductive, and entices one to voluntary slavery – such as Constantine’s Imperial Cult Christianity described by Joe Atwill in his book Caesar’s Messiah. It is not a coincidence that both these books were produced in Britain.

    • Replies: @JPS
    @Anonymous

    No, Huxley's book is a satire of the kind of thinking that was actually already widely extant in Great Britain. The crazy sex-crazed society without families, in which the works of recusant Roman Catholic William Shakespeare are 100% alien and unrecognizable. It was a reaction to the absurdities that were commonplaces among people around him.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shape_of_Things_to_Come

    1984, likewise, was based on real life. The Soviet Union. Great Britain, the proles there and the BBC. The mentality of a society that voluntarily preserves rationing and even maintains nostalgia about its "fairness."

    1984 is quite remarkably with prescient its anticipation of novel writing machines. That always seemed far-fetched when I was a kid.

    Going back to the well to attack Christianity is just pitiful, but it's always the last resort. "Constantine messed everything up."

    The cultural Left has more or less smashed the cultural power of Christianity, and the chickens are just starting to come home to roost.

  • @Stewart
    Tobias writes well, but he's still caught up in the left/right binary.

    I don't want a left wing government, but I don't want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem - government is the problem.

    Just leave me the fuck alone.

    Replies: @xyzxy, @Curmudgeon

    Tobias writes well, but he’s still caught up in the left/right binary.

    It’s not the “binary”. It is part of the meddling with your consciousness. “Immigration is the reserve army of capital” is a statement of the 19th century “left”, yet today the “left” supports high levels of immigration even though it benefits the “right” not the “left”. Anarchism, a political theory of the “left” is now “right” and called libertarianism.
    What is black is white and what is up is down. That is what Langdon is pointing out.

    • Replies: @Stewart
    @Curmudgeon

    Disagree. Langdon uses the term "leftists" throughout the piece and I am sure he thinks of himself as part of the "right".

    Political "debate" (such as it is) only occurs within this binary framework and it has been this way for decades - left or right, labour or conservative, democrat or republican.


    today the “left” supports high levels of immigration even though it benefits the “right”
     
    Ridiculous. Immigration only benefits transnational corporations and the ruling "elites" - everyone else suffers, whatever their beliefs.
  • In Nineteen Eighty-Four, you can’t turn off the voice of the Party and you can’t escape the voyeurism of the Party. In other words, the Party is always in your consciousness. That’s where egomaniacs and megalomaniacs want to be: always at the center of your world just as they are always at the center of their own. Jews and “transwomen” are like that, which is part of why Jews and translunatics are so prominent in leftism despite being such small minorities. The narcissism and vengefulness of Jews and translunatics are also things that those two groups pursue through leftism. The original Narcissus merely wanted to gaze on his own face in adoration. The narcissists named after him want you to gaze at adoration at their faces too. And if you don’t gaze, if you don’t accept their adorability, they want to punish you. In other words, they want to cripple your King — to permanently mar and mark your consciousness.

    “Chosen” narcissist jews got the ball rolling on all of this insanity. It’s constantly ebbed and flowed for 2000 years since Christ, with the best times for everyone (except psychopath and sociopath narcissists and “the egomaniacs and megalomaniacs”) being the periods of strong antisemitism.

    The Party is always in Winston’s consciousness, always watching him, always speaking to him. But he clings to the hope that Die Gedanken sind frei — “Thoughts are free.” As he will later learn, he’s wrong about that. The Party can get inside his skull too, can inflict pain on him not just indirectly, through his peripheral nerves, but also by directly interfering with the working of his brain

    This is why the jews long ago first took control of mass media (now MSM) and then social media, the latest example being the jew Ellison’s takeover of CBS, and the installation of the (probably psychopathic) jew female Bari Weiss to run a big chunk of it as editor-in-chief of CBS News.
    https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2025/12/31/the-bari-weiss-playbook-how-a-zionist-operative-conquered-american-media/

    People, this is a systematic, Anti-Christ, Marxist-Zionist (“Big Brother”) plan that went into full swing preceding WW 1. It has its roots the totalitarian jew ethno-religion from which Jesus Christ escaped, and against which He is waging a cosmic battle as we speak.

  • @Stewart
    Tobias writes well, but he's still caught up in the left/right binary.

    I don't want a left wing government, but I don't want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem - government is the problem.

    Just leave me the fuck alone.

    Replies: @xyzxy, @Curmudgeon

    I don’t want a left wing government, but I don’t want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem – government is the problem.

    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn’t bother you. On a daily basis it gradually modifies your actions– deciding for you which side of the road you will drive on, and so forth. But I doubt you can list any actual enforcement government inflicts upon you as a person going about your day to day business that significantly hinders your life and style.

    What most complain about are the social consequences of government; policies that may impact one’s physical location (zoning etc), and work environment (AA hiring and promotional opportunities).

    Taxation is an issue to some. But within the total scheme of taxable things it is relatively benign for the majority of citizens . That is to say, due to the progressive nature of income taxation, most people don’t pay a significant percentage of their income to the government. Of course in this YMMV, depending upon your salary.

    What really affects many is the belief (rightly so) that the government neither cares about them as citizens, nor works in their benefit. That government is willing to protect them, under the law. This of course is the anarcho-tyranny angle. Then, mass immigration of an unlike kind that gradually (sometimes rapidly) changes the local ‘scenery’– meaning the entire social fabric specific to what was once an indigenous folk.

    Then, an understanding (at least in the US) that the government works the interests of Israel over American interests. Or considers the two as one.

    As you state, the ‘left-right’ dichotomy is essentially meaningless, and actually a distraction.

    As far as Orwell? His was a mixed bag. Some of the psychological stuff along with the propaganda angle fits. But he was too involved in looking at Soviet economics, the scarcity and monotony of that life, unable to understand the expanding post-war consumer economy (as it transitioned from ‘hot’ war into ‘cold’), leading not to shortages but rather to what has been called an Age of Excess.

    Also, a misunderstanding of the means of psychological control via a surfeit (and not denial) of sex which, at least in the West, was opposite his prediction. And the push for acceptance of mind altering drugs– for Orwell it was limited to ‘Victory Gin’ which no one could stomach. Even in his day George should have hit the Fool and Bladder more often in order to discover first hand what was actually available to the proles, to help drown out their sorrows.

    Finally, his political sectioning of the globe into three ‘world powers’ was not accurate. But then again, he was not Criswell, either. So you can’t really hold that against him.

    • Replies: @Stewart
    @xyzxy


    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn’t bother you
     
    Yes, apart from the million plus (legal and illegal) browns that flood my country each year, the ever increasing taxes that they steal from me to feed and clothe the invaders, the cameras that track my every move, the prison cell waiting for me if I say something "wrong" while organised rape gangs who prey on our children are protected, apart from that, I suppose the government doesn't really bother me at all.

    STFU you fucking idiot.

    Replies: @xyzxy

  • Tobias writes well, but he’s still caught up in the left/right binary.

    I don’t want a left wing government, but I don’t want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem – government is the problem.

    Just leave me the fuck alone.

    • Replies: @xyzxy
    @Stewart


    I don’t want a left wing government, but I don’t want a right wing government either. Left or right is not the problem – government is the problem.
     
    If you think about it, I mean on a personal level, the government probably doesn't bother you. On a daily basis it gradually modifies your actions-- deciding for you which side of the road you will drive on, and so forth. But I doubt you can list any actual enforcement government inflicts upon you as a person going about your day to day business that significantly hinders your life and style.

    What most complain about are the social consequences of government; policies that may impact one's physical location (zoning etc), and work environment (AA hiring and promotional opportunities).

    Taxation is an issue to some. But within the total scheme of taxable things it is relatively benign for the majority of citizens . That is to say, due to the progressive nature of income taxation, most people don't pay a significant percentage of their income to the government. Of course in this YMMV, depending upon your salary.

    What really affects many is the belief (rightly so) that the government neither cares about them as citizens, nor works in their benefit. That government is willing to protect them, under the law. This of course is the anarcho-tyranny angle. Then, mass immigration of an unlike kind that gradually (sometimes rapidly) changes the local 'scenery'-- meaning the entire social fabric specific to what was once an indigenous folk.

    Then, an understanding (at least in the US) that the government works the interests of Israel over American interests. Or considers the two as one.

    As you state, the 'left-right' dichotomy is essentially meaningless, and actually a distraction.

    As far as Orwell? His was a mixed bag. Some of the psychological stuff along with the propaganda angle fits. But he was too involved in looking at Soviet economics, the scarcity and monotony of that life, unable to understand the expanding post-war consumer economy (as it transitioned from 'hot' war into 'cold'), leading not to shortages but rather to what has been called an Age of Excess.

    Also, a misunderstanding of the means of psychological control via a surfeit (and not denial) of sex which, at least in the West, was opposite his prediction. And the push for acceptance of mind altering drugs-- for Orwell it was limited to 'Victory Gin' which no one could stomach. Even in his day George should have hit the Fool and Bladder more often in order to discover first hand what was actually available to the proles, to help drown out their sorrows.

    Finally, his political sectioning of the globe into three 'world powers' was not accurate. But then again, he was not Criswell, either. So you can't really hold that against him.

    Replies: @Stewart

    , @Curmudgeon
    @Stewart


    Tobias writes well, but he’s still caught up in the left/right binary.
     
    It's not the "binary". It is part of the meddling with your consciousness. "Immigration is the reserve army of capital" is a statement of the 19th century "left", yet today the "left" supports high levels of immigration even though it benefits the "right" not the "left". Anarchism, a political theory of the "left" is now "right" and called libertarianism.
    What is black is white and what is up is down. That is what Langdon is pointing out.

    Replies: @Stewart

  • Who controls the minds of the goyim?

    Consider what the goyim have been asked to believe, on pain of exile, death, imprisonment, debanking, etc:

    “I, YHVH, create both good and evil”
    Jesus is both God and man
    God has three persons
    The dead live
    Christians are (true, spiritual) Jews
    Bread and wine are the body and blood of Christ
    War is peace
    2+2=5 if the Party says so.
    The State has withered away
    Dissent must be banned to preserve democracy
    Men are women
    Immigrants are the real Americans

    See the pattern?

    • Replies: @Understory
    @James J. O'Meara

    Jews are realists and particularists themselves, but they push delusional idealism and universalism on goyim.

  • “It’s debatable whether the booby-trapped pagers were a legitimate tactic of war.”

    No, it isn’t. Indiscriminate bombing of civilians is not a legitimate tactic of war.

  • Leftists are unburdened by any concern for truth…

    The Jews/Commies understand that truth & lies are simply means to power/control (either one are equal/acceptable tools)–which is the principal objective. It was the Jewish agent Jesus who brainwashed & disabled the Aryan into imagining the war is for ‘truth’ & not power. now you know brah

    A.A.
    999

    • Thanks: anonymous123asdbd
  • Varsk’vlavi. That’s a strange word from a strange language. At least, it’s a strange word if your mother-tongue is English and not Georgian, the mother-tongue of Joseph Stalin. As a boy, Stalin himself would have found the word right at the beginning of the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew: Yes, varsk’vlavi, ვარსკვლავი, means...
  • @Kapyong
    @PhysicistDave


    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53).
     
    Indeed.
    Those saints rose from their graves at the crucifixion, then later at the resurrection they travelled into town.

    So for those 1 & 3/4 days while Jesus was 'dead' (Friday noon till Sunday morn) those saints presumably just hung around their graves. (Must have been quite a surprise for those who visited during that time !)

    Somehow the resurrection of Jesus is fundamental to Christian belief, but the resurrection of all those saints in Jerusalem is not important to Christians.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @EliteCommInc., @EliteCommInc.

    Hmmmmmm . . . curious. I was pretty sure, I provied a much more in depth response to this comment. There are dozens and dozens of miracles by Christ that we will neber hear of. That does not make them unimportant.

    The reason that the resurrection of Christ would supersede the resurrection of others is that his resurrection was the most important. Key and central to the faith. It described to accomplis a very specific purpose.

    These are not dead people. There are no zombies as someone else suggested. Either they were alive in flesh or the were spiritual, they appeared it is not clear if they stayed, ascended or anything else.

    A physician may heal 100 individuals from a deadly illness. People may rejoice a the healings, embrace the healed, but the most of the attention will be on the healer. And in this case, the physician according to scripture actually healed himself and rose from the dead.

    Afterall , Christ stated that he was the resurrection an the life, —- not the saints who rose. It’s pretty obvious how they would be eclipsed by events and circumstance.

  • @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    Thanks again for your explaining.


    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?
    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, “There’s gotta be something wrong here!”
    But what is it?
    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!
     
    [my bolding] Again thanks and yes, my understanding is improving. I offer an analogy; VFR vs. IFR [visual flight rules vs. instrument flight rules]; you have the math so you're IFR [= can fly though clouds also in the dark], and I don't so I'm VFR [WYSIWYG]. I expect my AI-assisted searches are based on the same info as your inputs to having learnt ‘all about it’. I looked up “Cosmic time” then found “Lambda-CDM model”:

    The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
    1. a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
    2. the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM;
    3. ordinary matter.
    It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology,[1] as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of ..
     
    [a list, ending with the accelerating expansion of the universe observed ..] Too bad they didn't put ‘postulated’ before ‘dark energy’?

    In contrast, look to what I bolded earlier:

    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] I still object to “creating” [I say ‘what is always was’[*]] although I have now ‘seen’, via your ‘video playing backwards’ that such a process based on GR ends at a singularity. That singularity would necessarily have contained all the inputs [matter, energy] which then via some unspecified mechanism [a phase-change? A nukular-type explosion? Something totally off the planet - like magic, say?] was input to the big bang. So my understanding is improving thanks to our chats, thanks also to the moderator(s)’s forbearance and wishing all “Happy New Year!” rgds

    *PS I say ‘what is always was’. My appeals to authority are often based on Feynman, here: ”THE CHARACTER OF PHYSICAL LAW” pp77 (Penguin)

    To return then, to our list of conservation laws (fig. 14), we can add energy. It is conserved perfectly, as far as we know. It does not come in units. Now the question is, is it the source of a field? The answer is yes. Einstein understood gravitation as being generated by energy. Energy and mass are equivalent, and so Newton's interpretation that the mass is what produces gravity has been modified to the statement that the energy produces the gravity
     
    [my bolding] It's a law! [Of physics].

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    skrik wrote to me:

    I still object to “creating” [I say ‘what is always was’[*]] although I have now ‘seen’, via your ‘video playing backwards’ that such a process based on GR ends at a singularity.

    Well, as I’ve said, I don’t know of any physicist who thinks there really was a singularity. That is just a sign that classical General Relativity fails at that point, possibly because of quantum effects we do not understand.

    skrik also wrote:

    That singularity would necessarily have contained all the inputs [matter, energy] which then via some unspecified mechanism [a phase-change? A nukular-type explosion? Something totally off the planet – like magic, say?] was input to the big bang.

    Well, basically, it always was exploding — if my argument above about the Big Bang having existed eternally as an almost-black hole is correct, then for all eternity it was (very slowly from the perspective of the outside universe, but rapidly by its own measure of time) exploding. But my argument is pretty speculative — probably wrong, though I don’t see where it goes wrong.

    By the way, matter basically is energy — at the high temperatures in the Big Bang, matter was basically turning into energy and vice versa really, really fast.

    No need for a phase change or whatever — it started out really, really hot.

    And then there is (the highly speculative) cosmic inflation, which, yeah, is a bit like a phase change, though not of a sort we have any experience with.

    As to conservation of energy… well, you have to be careful in General Relativity. If the universe is finite but unbounded, the idea of the total energy of the universe is rather dicey. Basically, you need to be able to stand outside most of the matter/energy of the universe before you can talk about the total energy and conservation of energy.

    skrik also wrote:

    I offer an analogy; VFR vs. IFR [visual flight rules vs. instrument flight rules]; you have the math so you’re IFR [= can fly though clouds also in the dark], and I don’t so I’m VFR [WYSIWYG].

    Well, the problem is that just trusting our naive intuition alone just does not work: our normal experience is way too far removed from all this to be of that much use.

    But just blindly believing the math is a problem, too: the math is always an idealization of the real world, and if you do not have an intuitive understanding of the math, you can go — and even top physicists often have gone — wildly astray.

    So, it is a constant attempt to try to use the math to train our intuition and then use our intuition to better understand the math.

    Historically, in a number of issues involved in General Relativity, such as gravitational waves, this has gone on for decades. Einstein himself flipped back and forth on whether gravitational waves were real.

    And you can see from our exchange here, that, while we do understand some things quite well, such as the CMB, there are other things that are still really up in the air.

    Is the dark energy, which is the simplest way to explain the (apparent) accelerating expansion, real? Probably both are real.

    But maybe not.

    And, as you can see, while my guess as to what happened at the point of the Big Bang is marginally better than your guesses… well, the emphasis is on the word “marginally”! No one really knows, and no one really has any good guesses.

    But, of course, it really did somehow happen. The universe is actually here.

    Which is pretty awe-inspiring.

    Dave

    • Thanks: skrik
  • @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    [Dave] We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty

    [skrik] IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.
     

     
    Well, there are two points here, one about the CMB and the other, more broadly, about a possible edge to the matter in the universe.

    I am afraid that what I wrote about the CMB might not be clear.

    Here is what is happening naively. I say "naively," meaning ignoring effects of gravity, including the dark energy: technically, I am talking in terms of the "Milne model." Qualitatively, what I am saying here is right, but, of course, taking into account gravity would change things quantitatively.

    You might get the impression that the CMB is just sort of bounding around the universe higgeldy-piggledy. That is not what is happening. When we point our radio telescopes in a particular direction to measure the CMB, we are "seeing" the matter that emitted that radiation at a particular point in space, the point that is at a distance such that light from that point just had enough time to reach us here on Earth today.

    If we look again a day later, light (the CMB) has had an extra day to reach us, and we are now looking at a point further away than we were seeing the day before. Naively, we are seeing about eight billion miles further away, measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones. (Again, "naively" means that the eight billion mile figure would change if we properly took into account the effects of gravity.)

    So, every day that passes,, we are able to see the CMB radiation produced from further and further away.

    We've now been looking at the CMB for over sixty years, so the distance we are looking at has expanded by hundreds of trillion of miles, again measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones and naively not taking into account the effects of gravity. No sign yet of an end to the CMB, even though we are looking further and further out.

    Of course, it is always possible that next year we will finally reach a distance that is the edge of the matter that produced the CMB and we will not see it any longer. That would be quite a surprise to everyone! But it could happen.

    In any case, it is not possible that the CMB we were seeing sixty years ago was the edge of the universe, because we are seeing out further now. And probably we will see CMB a year from now, which will be still further out and then we will know that what we are seeing this year is not the edge of the universe, and so on.

    But I take it you are asking the deeper question of whether there might really be an end to matter somewhere way, way out there?

    Sure, as far as I know any physicist would admit the possibility: the math is just easier if you just assume the universe is "homogeneous" -- the same everywhere and hence no edge, so that is the model we tend to study. It shouldn't' really matter much to our observations whether it goes on forever or "merely" for a trillion light years!

    You asked whether "the enclosed space would therefore be finite." No, that would not have to be the case: there could be empty space going out forever beyond the "small" area that contained matter. You can mathematically create models in which that empty space is finite, but it does not have to be.

    And the paradox I described about the Big Bang as an almost-black hole would still seem to occur either way. By the way, I think a lot of physicists would say that I am just "using a bad coordinate system," but I don't think that resolves the paradox.

    skrik also wrote:

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino)...
     
    There was a "quark soup" for a while, then protons and neutrons formed. The neutron lifetime is a bit under fifteen minutes, so, unless the neutrons were able to combine with protons, they were gone pretty soon. (And, yes, the details are much more complex than this, but that is basically it.)

    By the way, in a neutron star, the neutrons are stabilized by the gravitational force and the uncertainty principle along with the the exclusion principle: all of this forces the electrons to fuse with protons to form neutrons and then prevents the neutrons from decaying.

    skirk also wrote:

    I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don’t ‘feel’ any expansion of space?
     
    Physicists really should stop saying that space is "expanding." As I said above:

    By the way, the “expansion of the universe,” at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It’s not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn’t. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious — basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)
     
    No one seeing a grenade or a bomb or just a firecracker blowing up and the fragments moving outward would say that "the universe" or space itself is expanding! People would just note that the fragments of the explosion were moving outward.

    In some sense the outer shell of the explosion in such mundane explosions is indeed expanding, but not the universe and certainly not "space itself"!

    I remember a debate my freshman year in college about this: yes, it does lead to confusion.

    So, why have physicists been talking for so long about the "expansion of space"?

    Maybe the main reason is it sounds pretty cool and mysterious: I mean, if we physicists have discovered that "space itself" is expanding we must be pretty impressive guys!

    It is also a helpful, if rather misleading, way of understanding the underlying math.

    But I suppose the biggest reason is that, if the universe does happen to be finite but unbounded, then it actually is true that the size of the universe is increasing. But that is not really so much that "space" is expanding as just that the diameter of the universe increases.

    Oddly, the equation you get for the expansion of the universe from the Big Bang is exactly the same equation Newton would have gotten from the expansion of a big explosion, if you ignore the gravitational effects of radiation or of dark energy.

    The textbooks tend to treat this as if this is a really surprising coincidence.

    It's not.

    Newton's theory works perfectly well (it is, as we say, the "limiting case") for small masses over short distances. And, so, if you want to know what is happening to the universe over short distances, like, say, a billion (!) light years, Newton gives the right answer. But the whole universe is just made up of such "short" distances. So, Newton gives the right answer for the whole universe.

    That is one of the themes I am emphasizing in the book I am writing.

    To be sure, Newton cannot handle dark energy.

    And Newton cannot give the right answer for Doppler shifts from distant sources and various other things.

    Newtonian gravity actually does predict black holes (and these were in fact predicted back in the eighteenth century).

    But Newton does not predict the strange behavior of time that gives the apparent paradox about the Big Bang as a black hole that I mentioned in my previous comment.

    Nor does Newton show that under certain situations the universe must be finite but unbounded.

    So, we do indeed need Einstein, but some of the results from Einstein are not as weird or surprising as they are usually presented. Of course, some of the implications of Einstein's theory are indeed pretty strange.

    skrik also wrote:

    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?
     
    Well, as I pointed out, Bee gives it a 6 out of 10 on her famous BS Meter: she thinks, and I agree, that this is one study, based on a very difficult evaluation of somewhat sketchy data. The guys who did it seem legit, but Bee and I both suspect that further studies will show that their conclusions do not pan out.

    But perhaps they will -- I have long thought that the data showing the accelerated expansion of the universe is interesting but not completely conclusive.

    And, yes, if there is no acceleration in the expansion of the universe then, presumably, there is no dark energy: prior to the claimed discovery of the accelerating expansion, we all knew that dark energy was theoretically possible, but we all assumed it was probably zero.

    Time will tell (pardon the pun).

    Which is what makes science interesting.

    Dave

    Replies: @skrik

    Thanks again for your explaining.

    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?
    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, “There’s gotta be something wrong here!”
    But what is it?
    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!

    [my bolding] Again thanks and yes, my understanding is improving. I offer an analogy; VFR vs. IFR [visual flight rules vs. instrument flight rules]; you have the math so you’re IFR [= can fly though clouds also in the dark], and I don’t so I’m VFR [WYSIWYG]. I expect my AI-assisted searches are based on the same info as your inputs to having learnt ‘all about it’. I looked up “Cosmic time” then found “Lambda-CDM model”:

    The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
    1. a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
    2. the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM;
    3. ordinary matter.
    It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology,[1] as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of ..

    [a list, ending with the accelerating expansion of the universe observed ..] Too bad they didn’t put ‘postulated’ before ‘dark energy’?

    In contrast, look to what I bolded earlier:

    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity

    [my bolding] I still object to “creating” [I say ‘what is always was’[*]] although I have now ‘seen’, via your ‘video playing backwards’ that such a process based on GR ends at a singularity. That singularity would necessarily have contained all the inputs [matter, energy] which then via some unspecified mechanism [a phase-change? A nukular-type explosion? Something totally off the planet – like magic, say?] was input to the big bang. So my understanding is improving thanks to our chats, thanks also to the moderator(s)’s forbearance and wishing all “Happy New Year!” rgds

    *PS I say ‘what is always was’. My appeals to authority are often based on Feynman, here: ”THE CHARACTER OF PHYSICAL LAW” pp77 (Penguin)

    To return then, to our list of conservation laws (fig. 14), we can add energy. It is conserved perfectly, as far as we know. It does not come in units. Now the question is, is it the source of a field? The answer is yes. Einstein understood gravitation as being generated by energy. Energy and mass are equivalent, and so Newton’s interpretation that the mass is what produces gravity has been modified to the statement that the energy produces the gravity

    [my bolding] It’s a law! [Of physics].

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    I still object to “creating” [I say ‘what is always was’[*]] although I have now ‘seen’, via your ‘video playing backwards’ that such a process based on GR ends at a singularity.
     
    Well, as I've said, I don't know of any physicist who thinks there really was a singularity. That is just a sign that classical General Relativity fails at that point, possibly because of quantum effects we do not understand.

    skrik also wrote:

    That singularity would necessarily have contained all the inputs [matter, energy] which then via some unspecified mechanism [a phase-change? A nukular-type explosion? Something totally off the planet – like magic, say?] was input to the big bang.
     
    Well, basically, it always was exploding -- if my argument above about the Big Bang having existed eternally as an almost-black hole is correct, then for all eternity it was (very slowly from the perspective of the outside universe, but rapidly by its own measure of time) exploding. But my argument is pretty speculative -- probably wrong, though I don't see where it goes wrong.

    By the way, matter basically is energy -- at the high temperatures in the Big Bang, matter was basically turning into energy and vice versa really, really fast.

    No need for a phase change or whatever -- it started out really, really hot.

    And then there is (the highly speculative) cosmic inflation, which, yeah, is a bit like a phase change, though not of a sort we have any experience with.

    As to conservation of energy... well, you have to be careful in General Relativity. If the universe is finite but unbounded, the idea of the total energy of the universe is rather dicey. Basically, you need to be able to stand outside most of the matter/energy of the universe before you can talk about the total energy and conservation of energy.

    skrik also wrote:

    I offer an analogy; VFR vs. IFR [visual flight rules vs. instrument flight rules]; you have the math so you’re IFR [= can fly though clouds also in the dark], and I don’t so I’m VFR [WYSIWYG].
     
    Well, the problem is that just trusting our naive intuition alone just does not work: our normal experience is way too far removed from all this to be of that much use.

    But just blindly believing the math is a problem, too: the math is always an idealization of the real world, and if you do not have an intuitive understanding of the math, you can go -- and even top physicists often have gone -- wildly astray.

    So, it is a constant attempt to try to use the math to train our intuition and then use our intuition to better understand the math.

    Historically, in a number of issues involved in General Relativity, such as gravitational waves, this has gone on for decades. Einstein himself flipped back and forth on whether gravitational waves were real.

    And you can see from our exchange here, that, while we do understand some things quite well, such as the CMB, there are other things that are still really up in the air.

    Is the dark energy, which is the simplest way to explain the (apparent) accelerating expansion, real? Probably both are real.

    But maybe not.

    And, as you can see, while my guess as to what happened at the point of the Big Bang is marginally better than your guesses... well, the emphasis is on the word "marginally"! No one really knows, and no one really has any good guesses.

    But, of course, it really did somehow happen. The universe is actually here.

    Which is pretty awe-inspiring.

    Dave
  • @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    G'day, and thanks for your efforts. Your latest is, as you once wrote "as the Donald would say, yuge!!" It will take me some time to consider it all in detail, but while I consider, we could start with this, before your {More}:


    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty
     
    IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino), which

    .. decoupled (separated) from matter when the universe was just one second old
     
    Interesting; that 1st second really was busy, including the putative cosmic inflation. I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don't ‘feel’ any expansion of space? Now back to work.. rgds

    PS [search input] explain: dark energy invented to account for accelerated expansion of universe

    [response]

    Dark energy isn't "invented" but hypothesized to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe, a surprising discovery in the late 1990s that showed galaxies moving apart faster, contrary to gravity's expected slowing effect, acting as a repulsive force counteracting gravity, making up most of the universe's energy, and driving this cosmic acceleration
     
    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    skrik wrote to me:

    [Dave] We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty

    [skrik] IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.

    Well, there are two points here, one about the CMB and the other, more broadly, about a possible edge to the matter in the universe.

    I am afraid that what I wrote about the CMB might not be clear.

    Here is what is happening naively. I say “naively,” meaning ignoring effects of gravity, including the dark energy: technically, I am talking in terms of the “Milne model.” Qualitatively, what I am saying here is right, but, of course, taking into account gravity would change things quantitatively.

    You might get the impression that the CMB is just sort of bounding around the universe higgeldy-piggledy. That is not what is happening. When we point our radio telescopes in a particular direction to measure the CMB, we are “seeing” the matter that emitted that radiation at a particular point in space, the point that is at a distance such that light from that point just had enough time to reach us here on Earth today.

    If we look again a day later, light (the CMB) has had an extra day to reach us, and we are now looking at a point further away than we were seeing the day before. Naively, we are seeing about eight billion miles further away, measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones. (Again, “naively” means that the eight billion mile figure would change if we properly took into account the effects of gravity.)

    So, every day that passes,, we are able to see the CMB radiation produced from further and further away.

    We’ve now been looking at the CMB for over sixty years, so the distance we are looking at has expanded by hundreds of trillion of miles, again measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones and naively not taking into account the effects of gravity. No sign yet of an end to the CMB, even though we are looking further and further out.

    Of course, it is always possible that next year we will finally reach a distance that is the edge of the matter that produced the CMB and we will not see it any longer. That would be quite a surprise to everyone! But it could happen.

    In any case, it is not possible that the CMB we were seeing sixty years ago was the edge of the universe, because we are seeing out further now. And probably we will see CMB a year from now, which will be still further out and then we will know that what we are seeing this year is not the edge of the universe, and so on.

    But I take it you are asking the deeper question of whether there might really be an end to matter somewhere way, way out there?

    Sure, as far as I know any physicist would admit the possibility: the math is just easier if you just assume the universe is “homogeneous” — the same everywhere and hence no edge, so that is the model we tend to study. It shouldn’t’ really matter much to our observations whether it goes on forever or “merely” for a trillion light years!

    You asked whether “the enclosed space would therefore be finite.” No, that would not have to be the case: there could be empty space going out forever beyond the “small” area that contained matter. You can mathematically create models in which that empty space is finite, but it does not have to be.

    And the paradox I described about the Big Bang as an almost-black hole would still seem to occur either way. By the way, I think a lot of physicists would say that I am just “using a bad coordinate system,” but I don’t think that resolves the paradox.

    skrik also wrote:

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino)…

    There was a “quark soup” for a while, then protons and neutrons formed. The neutron lifetime is a bit under fifteen minutes, so, unless the neutrons were able to combine with protons, they were gone pretty soon. (And, yes, the details are much more complex than this, but that is basically it.)

    By the way, in a neutron star, the neutrons are stabilized by the gravitational force and the uncertainty principle along with the the exclusion principle: all of this forces the electrons to fuse with protons to form neutrons and then prevents the neutrons from decaying.

    skirk also wrote:

    I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don’t ‘feel’ any expansion of space?

    Physicists really should stop saying that space is “expanding.” As I said above:

    [MORE]

    By the way, the “expansion of the universe,” at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It’s not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn’t. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious — basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)

    No one seeing a grenade or a bomb or just a firecracker blowing up and the fragments moving outward would say that “the universe” or space itself is expanding! People would just note that the fragments of the explosion were moving outward.

    In some sense the outer shell of the explosion in such mundane explosions is indeed expanding, but not the universe and certainly not “space itself”!

    I remember a debate my freshman year in college about this: yes, it does lead to confusion.

    So, why have physicists been talking for so long about the “expansion of space”?

    Maybe the main reason is it sounds pretty cool and mysterious: I mean, if we physicists have discovered that “space itself” is expanding we must be pretty impressive guys!

    It is also a helpful, if rather misleading, way of understanding the underlying math.

    But I suppose the biggest reason is that, if the universe does happen to be finite but unbounded, then it actually is true that the size of the universe is increasing. But that is not really so much that “space” is expanding as just that the diameter of the universe increases.

    Oddly, the equation you get for the expansion of the universe from the Big Bang is exactly the same equation Newton would have gotten from the expansion of a big explosion, if you ignore the gravitational effects of radiation or of dark energy.

    The textbooks tend to treat this as if this is a really surprising coincidence.

    It’s not.

    Newton’s theory works perfectly well (it is, as we say, the “limiting case”) for small masses over short distances. And, so, if you want to know what is happening to the universe over short distances, like, say, a billion (!) light years, Newton gives the right answer. But the whole universe is just made up of such “short” distances. So, Newton gives the right answer for the whole universe.

    That is one of the themes I am emphasizing in the book I am writing.

    To be sure, Newton cannot handle dark energy.

    And Newton cannot give the right answer for Doppler shifts from distant sources and various other things.

    Newtonian gravity actually does predict black holes (and these were in fact predicted back in the eighteenth century).

    But Newton does not predict the strange behavior of time that gives the apparent paradox about the Big Bang as a black hole that I mentioned in my previous comment.

    Nor does Newton show that under certain situations the universe must be finite but unbounded.

    So, we do indeed need Einstein, but some of the results from Einstein are not as weird or surprising as they are usually presented. Of course, some of the implications of Einstein’s theory are indeed pretty strange.

    skrik also wrote:

    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?

    Well, as I pointed out, Bee gives it a 6 out of 10 on her famous BS Meter: she thinks, and I agree, that this is one study, based on a very difficult evaluation of somewhat sketchy data. The guys who did it seem legit, but Bee and I both suspect that further studies will show that their conclusions do not pan out.

    But perhaps they will — I have long thought that the data showing the accelerated expansion of the universe is interesting but not completely conclusive.

    And, yes, if there is no acceleration in the expansion of the universe then, presumably, there is no dark energy: prior to the claimed discovery of the accelerating expansion, we all knew that dark energy was theoretically possible, but we all assumed it was probably zero.

    Time will tell (pardon the pun).

    Which is what makes science interesting.

    Dave

    • Replies: @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    Thanks again for your explaining.


    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?
    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, “There’s gotta be something wrong here!”
    But what is it?
    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!
     
    [my bolding] Again thanks and yes, my understanding is improving. I offer an analogy; VFR vs. IFR [visual flight rules vs. instrument flight rules]; you have the math so you're IFR [= can fly though clouds also in the dark], and I don't so I'm VFR [WYSIWYG]. I expect my AI-assisted searches are based on the same info as your inputs to having learnt ‘all about it’. I looked up “Cosmic time” then found “Lambda-CDM model”:

    The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
    1. a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
    2. the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM;
    3. ordinary matter.
    It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology,[1] as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of ..
     
    [a list, ending with the accelerating expansion of the universe observed ..] Too bad they didn't put ‘postulated’ before ‘dark energy’?

    In contrast, look to what I bolded earlier:

    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] I still object to “creating” [I say ‘what is always was’[*]] although I have now ‘seen’, via your ‘video playing backwards’ that such a process based on GR ends at a singularity. That singularity would necessarily have contained all the inputs [matter, energy] which then via some unspecified mechanism [a phase-change? A nukular-type explosion? Something totally off the planet - like magic, say?] was input to the big bang. So my understanding is improving thanks to our chats, thanks also to the moderator(s)’s forbearance and wishing all “Happy New Year!” rgds

    *PS I say ‘what is always was’. My appeals to authority are often based on Feynman, here: ”THE CHARACTER OF PHYSICAL LAW” pp77 (Penguin)

    To return then, to our list of conservation laws (fig. 14), we can add energy. It is conserved perfectly, as far as we know. It does not come in units. Now the question is, is it the source of a field? The answer is yes. Einstein understood gravitation as being generated by energy. Energy and mass are equivalent, and so Newton's interpretation that the mass is what produces gravity has been modified to the statement that the energy produces the gravity
     
    [my bolding] It's a law! [Of physics].

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase “infinite but bounded” is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein’s early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded
     
    I'm going to reply to both of your previous comments here.

    First, yeah, I think you flipped the "infinite but bounded" point. The actual point is that the cosmos might be like the surface of the earth, which is of course finite but has no "edge" -- hence, finite but unbounded.

    When I started studying all this, over fifty years ago, lots of people liked that model. but there was not really any evidence for it (or against it). The truth is that the universe, or at least the matter in the universe, might indeed have an edge.

    In at least some of the cosmic inflation models, in which our universe expanded very, very rapidly for a very brief time, there is in fact an edge to our universe: outside that edge, which is constantly receding, very, very fast, is the "Multiverse" (a term give several different meanings, by the way, just to confuse everyone!). This is extremely speculative (i.e., no real evidence), but it is possible.

    Putting that aside, almost all textbook discussions of standard cosmology assume that the matter density in our universe is more or less constant throughout the universe at large scales (i.e., over, say, a billion light years). That is indeed the case as far out as we can see, but almost everyone thinks the universe is much, much larger than what we can observe.

    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out -- beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty.

    Is that possible?

    Weirdly, the textbooks almost never discuss that possibility, because the geometric models are simpler if you just assume that what we see goes on forever and ever.

    But, yes, it is possible that the matter just peters out -- this turns out to be relevant to your question about whether the universe started in a black hole.

    Now, at this point, explaining everything just starts getting really weird, so I'm inserting a MORE tag here so as not to completely fill up this thread with all this!

    Okay, problem 1: what do we mean by distance in cosmology?

    Well, if we ask how far away the cosmic microwave background radiation comes from, we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB was from us at the time it emitted the CMB or we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB is from us right now.

    Obviously, that matter that emitted the CMB is a lot further away now than it was 380,000 years after the Big Bang when the CMB was emitted, simply due to the "expansion of the universe": way back then the matter that emitted the CMB was moving away from us at close to the speed of light, so it is therefore now a lot further away.

    By the way, the "expansion of the universe," at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It's not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn't. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious -- basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)

    So, there are at least two wildly different answers you might give to the question of the distance to the source of the CMB: do you mean the distance right now or the distance way back when?

    This should be pretty clear and not surprising.

    But now it gets messy (and this was the calculation I had to do), and the messiness is related to some of your questions: the problem is what do we mean by time and distance in cosmology?

    Suppose that our universe did indeed emerge from something like an exploding black hole and that you were an observer watching it happen from the beginning, and you were quite a distance outside the explosion. How would you measure time and distance in the universe?

    Well, you could set up little drone satellites spaced around the universe that remain stationary relative to you, measure the distances between your drones (say by radar ranging), and synchronize your drones' clocks with your clock.

    This gets complex if you try to take into account the gravitational warping of space and time due to the almost-black hole that is going to explode but let's ignore that (this is an almost-black hole of small mass, let's say).

    Now, let the explosion occur.

    The outermost matter coming off the explosion is moving at almost the speed of light, which means that, simply because of special relativity, time is running much, much slower for that matter than for you and your drone satellites that are at rest relative to you. Furthermore, the distance between different parts of the exploding matter is, again due to special relativity, very different from what you and your drone satellites measure, just because the exploding matter is moving at close to the speed of light.

    So... which is the "right" way to measure time and distance? You and your drone satellites' measurements, or the measurements that could be made on the exploding matter?

    Either way is okay: just as you can choose to measure distance in kilometers or miles, as you wish, as long as know what you are doing.

    You might think you and your drone satellites' approach would be simpler, but that is not what we normally do in cosmology.

    Why? Several reasons.

    First, we ourselves actually live on part of the exploding matter -- the Earth. We really can't just get outside all of the matter in the universe and set up the drone satellites as I suggested above.

    Second, the math just happens to work out simpler that way.

    Finally, the effects of gravity on time and space are easier to take into account if we use the time and distance measurements that would be made sitting on the exploding matter.

    Wikipedia has some decent articled on all this (see here and here), but I am frankly not sure I could follow those articles if I had not already worked out the basic calculations by myself.

    So... the point here is that what we mean by distance in cosmology is a bit up for grabs: there are various choices, all clear enough in and of themselves, but different. We can use whichever we happen to like, but it turns our that, usually, time and distance as measured by the exploding matter happen to be easiest to work with.

    After that little diversion, I'll return to your questions:

    Einstein suggested that the universe is infinite but bounded, I take the bound to be the CMB, it’s our glimpse of the plasma as it cooled sufficiently after about 380k years for atoms to form and the photons to flash out in all directions.
     
    The distance to the matter that emitted the CMB, at the time that the CMB was emitted, if you measure distance with your supposed drone satellites, (and assuming the earth happens to be near the center of the exploding mass) would be perhaps a few billion or tens of billions of light years -- i.e., a good distance, but nothing like any reasonable edge of the universe.

    But the distance to the matter that emitted the CMB at the time that the CMB was emitted, as measured by distance measurements tied to the exploding matter, would be much, much less, perhaps something like a few million or tens of million (not billions) of light years -- radically different.

    What are the distances to the matter that emitted the CMB nowadays? Scale the previous numbers up by something like a factor of a thousand.

    I'm being very vague about these numbers, because an exact calculation is quite complex.

    So, is there some sense in which the matter that emitted the CMB is indeed the boundary of the universe? Only in a trivial sense -- we cannot see matter that was further away than the CMB because "further away" means "earlier in time" in astronomy, due to the finite speed of light, and, prior to the emission of the CMB, electrons were not bound to protons but were part of a plasma: that plasma was opaque to light, so the light from earlier times was absorbed by the plasma and is not visible to us.

    Now, for the really weird stuff: one reason the above numbers are so vague is that I ignored the gravitational effects of the exploding matter in distorting time and distance -- what I discussed above is just special relativity.

    You wrote:

    Two problems I see are:

    1. If the universe started expanding from what would have to be a truly massive black hole type state, Q: What was ‘outside’ of this object? and

    2. How could it go from a black hole type object to super-hot, expanding & cooling?
     
    To think about whether the universe is or was a black hole, it helps if you can imagine standing outside the supposed black hole.

    So, again, imagine a really big universe, and that you are situated, say, a trillion light years away from the Big Bang when it happens -- we are now assuming that the total matter in the Big Bang that will form our universe is in fact finite (though huge, of course).

    What would you see?

    Well, if you ignore quantum effects (Hawking radiation and such), a black hole just sits there forever and does nothing. So, the huge mass sitting there cannot quite be a black hole.

    But the whole idea of the Big Bang is that the huge mass of the universe started out squeezed down into a very, very small volume, so it had to be a black hole, right?

    We seem to have a paradox.

    There is an answer, but it is very, very strange.

    Imagine that you, standing outside the huge mass that is going to explode to form the Big Bang, took a video recording starting trillions of years ago (and correct the video recording for the finite speed of light, so it shows what was really happening "out there").

    Now run that video backwards.

    What would you see?

    Well, of course, you would see the universe collapsing inward as things unwind in time back to the Big Bang.

    But because of the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field, as the collapsing universe got close to the radius at which it would form a black hole, what we call the Schwarzschild radius, it would slow down, and never quite form the black hole.

    Trillions of years ago, quadrillions of years ago, and it would still never quite reach the radius needed to form the black hole.

    Meaning that, if we now imagine running the video the normal way, forward in time, even if we start quadrillions of years ago, we have something that is almost, but not quite, a black hole, that is exploding outward, but that explosion seems to take quadrillions of years to happen, because of the horrific slowing of time near the surface of this almost-black hole, even though it is happening very fast from the perspective of someone sitting down on the surface of the almost-black hole.

    But, of course, the whole idea of the Big Bang is that all of this matter started out in a very small volume, and this almost-black hole would be quite large, albeit much smaller than the current universe.

    So, how did it ever start our really compact?

    Well, again, think about the formation of a normal black hole: although it takes a finite amount of time for the black hole to form from the perspective of someone falling in to the black hole, it takes an infinite amount of time from the perspective of the outside universe, due to the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field.

    So... again imagine running the video backwards: an infinite amount of time in the past all of the matter in the universe was actually concentrated in a small volume, before the external universe even existed.

    Does all of this make any sense at all?

    Well, note that I keep saying "ignoring quantum effects." Also, I have been assuming perfect spherical symmetry, and nothing is really perfectly spherical. And I am assuming a very large but finite amount of mass in the universe. There is also a hidden assumption that the explosion is powerful enough to hurl the matter outward without it falling back in.

    Given these assumptions,this is indeed what the math of General Relativity predicts -- you cannot avoid it.

    So, do you believe it?

    Well, can quantum effects change all this? Maybe, though I don't see how.

    Is the assumption of spherical symmetry the problem? I don't think so.

    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?

    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, "There's gotta be something wrong here!"

    But what is it?

    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!

    A cynic could say, "Why didn't Dave just say, 'What the hell do we physicists know?'"

    But we do know a lot, for example about the CMB.

    However, you are not the first person to ask one of us physicists the question about whether the universe started as a black hole, and usually we just brush off the questioner by saying something like, "Well, it was expanding outward, so, no, it was not a black hole."

    But I hope my discussion here has shown that, no, we should not be brushing off the question so cavalierly. Something very, very strange is going on here with the Big Bang.

    And no one really understands it.

    Does the fact that the black hole only existed infinitely far in the past mean that time somehow began before time began?

    Well... I don't know, but I think that is putting more faith in General Relativity than the theory will bear.

    If you want my wild guess, I'd say "quantum effects."

    Which is sort of what physicist mumble when we really do not know what is going on.

    Now, how do I explain all this in the section on cosmology in the book I am writing on General Relativity?

    Hmmmm......

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    Replies: @skrik

    G’day, and thanks for your efforts. Your latest is, as you once wrote “as the Donald would say, yuge!!” It will take me some time to consider it all in detail, but while I consider, we could start with this, before your {More}:

    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty

    IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino), which

    .. decoupled (separated) from matter when the universe was just one second old

    Interesting; that 1st second really was busy, including the putative cosmic inflation. I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don’t ‘feel’ any expansion of space? Now back to work.. rgds

    PS [search input] explain: dark energy invented to account for accelerated expansion of universe

    [response]

    Dark energy isn’t “invented” but hypothesized to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe, a surprising discovery in the late 1990s that showed galaxies moving apart faster, contrary to gravity’s expected slowing effect, acting as a repulsive force counteracting gravity, making up most of the universe’s energy, and driving this cosmic acceleration

    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    [Dave] We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty

    [skrik] IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.
     

     
    Well, there are two points here, one about the CMB and the other, more broadly, about a possible edge to the matter in the universe.

    I am afraid that what I wrote about the CMB might not be clear.

    Here is what is happening naively. I say "naively," meaning ignoring effects of gravity, including the dark energy: technically, I am talking in terms of the "Milne model." Qualitatively, what I am saying here is right, but, of course, taking into account gravity would change things quantitatively.

    You might get the impression that the CMB is just sort of bounding around the universe higgeldy-piggledy. That is not what is happening. When we point our radio telescopes in a particular direction to measure the CMB, we are "seeing" the matter that emitted that radiation at a particular point in space, the point that is at a distance such that light from that point just had enough time to reach us here on Earth today.

    If we look again a day later, light (the CMB) has had an extra day to reach us, and we are now looking at a point further away than we were seeing the day before. Naively, we are seeing about eight billion miles further away, measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones. (Again, "naively" means that the eight billion mile figure would change if we properly took into account the effects of gravity.)

    So, every day that passes,, we are able to see the CMB radiation produced from further and further away.

    We've now been looking at the CMB for over sixty years, so the distance we are looking at has expanded by hundreds of trillion of miles, again measuring distance with the hypothetical array of satellite drones and naively not taking into account the effects of gravity. No sign yet of an end to the CMB, even though we are looking further and further out.

    Of course, it is always possible that next year we will finally reach a distance that is the edge of the matter that produced the CMB and we will not see it any longer. That would be quite a surprise to everyone! But it could happen.

    In any case, it is not possible that the CMB we were seeing sixty years ago was the edge of the universe, because we are seeing out further now. And probably we will see CMB a year from now, which will be still further out and then we will know that what we are seeing this year is not the edge of the universe, and so on.

    But I take it you are asking the deeper question of whether there might really be an end to matter somewhere way, way out there?

    Sure, as far as I know any physicist would admit the possibility: the math is just easier if you just assume the universe is "homogeneous" -- the same everywhere and hence no edge, so that is the model we tend to study. It shouldn't' really matter much to our observations whether it goes on forever or "merely" for a trillion light years!

    You asked whether "the enclosed space would therefore be finite." No, that would not have to be the case: there could be empty space going out forever beyond the "small" area that contained matter. You can mathematically create models in which that empty space is finite, but it does not have to be.

    And the paradox I described about the Big Bang as an almost-black hole would still seem to occur either way. By the way, I think a lot of physicists would say that I am just "using a bad coordinate system," but I don't think that resolves the paradox.

    skrik also wrote:

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino)...
     
    There was a "quark soup" for a while, then protons and neutrons formed. The neutron lifetime is a bit under fifteen minutes, so, unless the neutrons were able to combine with protons, they were gone pretty soon. (And, yes, the details are much more complex than this, but that is basically it.)

    By the way, in a neutron star, the neutrons are stabilized by the gravitational force and the uncertainty principle along with the the exclusion principle: all of this forces the electrons to fuse with protons to form neutrons and then prevents the neutrons from decaying.

    skirk also wrote:

    I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don’t ‘feel’ any expansion of space?
     
    Physicists really should stop saying that space is "expanding." As I said above:

    By the way, the “expansion of the universe,” at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It’s not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn’t. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious — basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)
     
    No one seeing a grenade or a bomb or just a firecracker blowing up and the fragments moving outward would say that "the universe" or space itself is expanding! People would just note that the fragments of the explosion were moving outward.

    In some sense the outer shell of the explosion in such mundane explosions is indeed expanding, but not the universe and certainly not "space itself"!

    I remember a debate my freshman year in college about this: yes, it does lead to confusion.

    So, why have physicists been talking for so long about the "expansion of space"?

    Maybe the main reason is it sounds pretty cool and mysterious: I mean, if we physicists have discovered that "space itself" is expanding we must be pretty impressive guys!

    It is also a helpful, if rather misleading, way of understanding the underlying math.

    But I suppose the biggest reason is that, if the universe does happen to be finite but unbounded, then it actually is true that the size of the universe is increasing. But that is not really so much that "space" is expanding as just that the diameter of the universe increases.

    Oddly, the equation you get for the expansion of the universe from the Big Bang is exactly the same equation Newton would have gotten from the expansion of a big explosion, if you ignore the gravitational effects of radiation or of dark energy.

    The textbooks tend to treat this as if this is a really surprising coincidence.

    It's not.

    Newton's theory works perfectly well (it is, as we say, the "limiting case") for small masses over short distances. And, so, if you want to know what is happening to the universe over short distances, like, say, a billion (!) light years, Newton gives the right answer. But the whole universe is just made up of such "short" distances. So, Newton gives the right answer for the whole universe.

    That is one of the themes I am emphasizing in the book I am writing.

    To be sure, Newton cannot handle dark energy.

    And Newton cannot give the right answer for Doppler shifts from distant sources and various other things.

    Newtonian gravity actually does predict black holes (and these were in fact predicted back in the eighteenth century).

    But Newton does not predict the strange behavior of time that gives the apparent paradox about the Big Bang as a black hole that I mentioned in my previous comment.

    Nor does Newton show that under certain situations the universe must be finite but unbounded.

    So, we do indeed need Einstein, but some of the results from Einstein are not as weird or surprising as they are usually presented. Of course, some of the implications of Einstein's theory are indeed pretty strange.

    skrik also wrote:

    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?
     
    Well, as I pointed out, Bee gives it a 6 out of 10 on her famous BS Meter: she thinks, and I agree, that this is one study, based on a very difficult evaluation of somewhat sketchy data. The guys who did it seem legit, but Bee and I both suspect that further studies will show that their conclusions do not pan out.

    But perhaps they will -- I have long thought that the data showing the accelerated expansion of the universe is interesting but not completely conclusive.

    And, yes, if there is no acceleration in the expansion of the universe then, presumably, there is no dark energy: prior to the claimed discovery of the accelerating expansion, we all knew that dark energy was theoretically possible, but we all assumed it was probably zero.

    Time will tell (pardon the pun).

    Which is what makes science interesting.

    Dave

    Replies: @skrik

  • @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    Thanks for the update. Earlier, I claimed that


    Einstein said that the universe is infinite but bounded
     
    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase "infinite but bounded" is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein's early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded
     
    OK, intermediate step:

    Following Edwin Hubble's observations in the late 1920s that the universe is in fact expanding, Einstein accepted the dynamic model and abandoned his idea of a static universe and the cosmological constant (which he reportedly called his "biggest blunder," although this is also a contested quote).
    Current Understanding
    Modern observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) suggest that the universe's geometry is very close to "flat". A perfectly flat universe would imply it is infinite and unbounded
     
    and then:

    Q: What did Einstein say was infinite?
    A: Two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I am not yet completely sure about the universe
     
    So, I keep ploughing along. rgds

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    skrik wrote to me:

    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase “infinite but bounded” is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein’s early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded

    I’m going to reply to both of your previous comments here.

    First, yeah, I think you flipped the “infinite but bounded” point. The actual point is that the cosmos might be like the surface of the earth, which is of course finite but has no “edge” — hence, finite but unbounded.

    When I started studying all this, over fifty years ago, lots of people liked that model. but there was not really any evidence for it (or against it). The truth is that the universe, or at least the matter in the universe, might indeed have an edge.

    In at least some of the cosmic inflation models, in which our universe expanded very, very rapidly for a very brief time, there is in fact an edge to our universe: outside that edge, which is constantly receding, very, very fast, is the “Multiverse” (a term give several different meanings, by the way, just to confuse everyone!). This is extremely speculative (i.e., no real evidence), but it is possible.

    Putting that aside, almost all textbook discussions of standard cosmology assume that the matter density in our universe is more or less constant throughout the universe at large scales (i.e., over, say, a billion light years). That is indeed the case as far out as we can see, but almost everyone thinks the universe is much, much larger than what we can observe.

    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty.

    Is that possible?

    Weirdly, the textbooks almost never discuss that possibility, because the geometric models are simpler if you just assume that what we see goes on forever and ever.

    But, yes, it is possible that the matter just peters out — this turns out to be relevant to your question about whether the universe started in a black hole.

    Now, at this point, explaining everything just starts getting really weird, so I’m inserting a MORE tag here so as not to completely fill up this thread with all this!

    [MORE]

    Okay, problem 1: what do we mean by distance in cosmology?

    Well, if we ask how far away the cosmic microwave background radiation comes from, we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB was from us at the time it emitted the CMB or we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB is from us right now.

    Obviously, that matter that emitted the CMB is a lot further away now than it was 380,000 years after the Big Bang when the CMB was emitted, simply due to the “expansion of the universe”: way back then the matter that emitted the CMB was moving away from us at close to the speed of light, so it is therefore now a lot further away.

    By the way, the “expansion of the universe,” at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It’s not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn’t. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious — basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)

    So, there are at least two wildly different answers you might give to the question of the distance to the source of the CMB: do you mean the distance right now or the distance way back when?

    This should be pretty clear and not surprising.

    But now it gets messy (and this was the calculation I had to do), and the messiness is related to some of your questions: the problem is what do we mean by time and distance in cosmology?

    Suppose that our universe did indeed emerge from something like an exploding black hole and that you were an observer watching it happen from the beginning, and you were quite a distance outside the explosion. How would you measure time and distance in the universe?

    Well, you could set up little drone satellites spaced around the universe that remain stationary relative to you, measure the distances between your drones (say by radar ranging), and synchronize your drones’ clocks with your clock.

    This gets complex if you try to take into account the gravitational warping of space and time due to the almost-black hole that is going to explode but let’s ignore that (this is an almost-black hole of small mass, let’s say).

    Now, let the explosion occur.

    The outermost matter coming off the explosion is moving at almost the speed of light, which means that, simply because of special relativity, time is running much, much slower for that matter than for you and your drone satellites that are at rest relative to you. Furthermore, the distance between different parts of the exploding matter is, again due to special relativity, very different from what you and your drone satellites measure, just because the exploding matter is moving at close to the speed of light.

    So… which is the “right” way to measure time and distance? You and your drone satellites’ measurements, or the measurements that could be made on the exploding matter?

    Either way is okay: just as you can choose to measure distance in kilometers or miles, as you wish, as long as know what you are doing.

    You might think you and your drone satellites’ approach would be simpler, but that is not what we normally do in cosmology.

    Why? Several reasons.

    First, we ourselves actually live on part of the exploding matter — the Earth. We really can’t just get outside all of the matter in the universe and set up the drone satellites as I suggested above.

    Second, the math just happens to work out simpler that way.

    Finally, the effects of gravity on time and space are easier to take into account if we use the time and distance measurements that would be made sitting on the exploding matter.

    Wikipedia has some decent articled on all this (see here and here), but I am frankly not sure I could follow those articles if I had not already worked out the basic calculations by myself.

    So… the point here is that what we mean by distance in cosmology is a bit up for grabs: there are various choices, all clear enough in and of themselves, but different. We can use whichever we happen to like, but it turns our that, usually, time and distance as measured by the exploding matter happen to be easiest to work with.

    After that little diversion, I’ll return to your questions:

    Einstein suggested that the universe is infinite but bounded, I take the bound to be the CMB, it’s our glimpse of the plasma as it cooled sufficiently after about 380k years for atoms to form and the photons to flash out in all directions.

    The distance to the matter that emitted the CMB, at the time that the CMB was emitted, if you measure distance with your supposed drone satellites, (and assuming the earth happens to be near the center of the exploding mass) would be perhaps a few billion or tens of billions of light years — i.e., a good distance, but nothing like any reasonable edge of the universe.

    But the distance to the matter that emitted the CMB at the time that the CMB was emitted, as measured by distance measurements tied to the exploding matter, would be much, much less, perhaps something like a few million or tens of million (not billions) of light years — radically different.

    What are the distances to the matter that emitted the CMB nowadays? Scale the previous numbers up by something like a factor of a thousand.

    I’m being very vague about these numbers, because an exact calculation is quite complex.

    So, is there some sense in which the matter that emitted the CMB is indeed the boundary of the universe? Only in a trivial sense — we cannot see matter that was further away than the CMB because “further away” means “earlier in time” in astronomy, due to the finite speed of light, and, prior to the emission of the CMB, electrons were not bound to protons but were part of a plasma: that plasma was opaque to light, so the light from earlier times was absorbed by the plasma and is not visible to us.

    Now, for the really weird stuff: one reason the above numbers are so vague is that I ignored the gravitational effects of the exploding matter in distorting time and distance — what I discussed above is just special relativity.

    You wrote:

    Two problems I see are:

    1. If the universe started expanding from what would have to be a truly massive black hole type state, Q: What was ‘outside’ of this object? and

    2. How could it go from a black hole type object to super-hot, expanding & cooling?

    To think about whether the universe is or was a black hole, it helps if you can imagine standing outside the supposed black hole.

    So, again, imagine a really big universe, and that you are situated, say, a trillion light years away from the Big Bang when it happens — we are now assuming that the total matter in the Big Bang that will form our universe is in fact finite (though huge, of course).

    What would you see?

    Well, if you ignore quantum effects (Hawking radiation and such), a black hole just sits there forever and does nothing. So, the huge mass sitting there cannot quite be a black hole.

    But the whole idea of the Big Bang is that the huge mass of the universe started out squeezed down into a very, very small volume, so it had to be a black hole, right?

    We seem to have a paradox.

    There is an answer, but it is very, very strange.

    Imagine that you, standing outside the huge mass that is going to explode to form the Big Bang, took a video recording starting trillions of years ago (and correct the video recording for the finite speed of light, so it shows what was really happening “out there”).

    Now run that video backwards.

    What would you see?

    Well, of course, you would see the universe collapsing inward as things unwind in time back to the Big Bang.

    But because of the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field, as the collapsing universe got close to the radius at which it would form a black hole, what we call the Schwarzschild radius, it would slow down, and never quite form the black hole.

    Trillions of years ago, quadrillions of years ago, and it would still never quite reach the radius needed to form the black hole.

    Meaning that, if we now imagine running the video the normal way, forward in time, even if we start quadrillions of years ago, we have something that is almost, but not quite, a black hole, that is exploding outward, but that explosion seems to take quadrillions of years to happen, because of the horrific slowing of time near the surface of this almost-black hole, even though it is happening very fast from the perspective of someone sitting down on the surface of the almost-black hole.

    But, of course, the whole idea of the Big Bang is that all of this matter started out in a very small volume, and this almost-black hole would be quite large, albeit much smaller than the current universe.

    So, how did it ever start our really compact?

    Well, again, think about the formation of a normal black hole: although it takes a finite amount of time for the black hole to form from the perspective of someone falling in to the black hole, it takes an infinite amount of time from the perspective of the outside universe, due to the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field.

    So… again imagine running the video backwards: an infinite amount of time in the past all of the matter in the universe was actually concentrated in a small volume, before the external universe even existed.

    Does all of this make any sense at all?

    Well, note that I keep saying “ignoring quantum effects.” Also, I have been assuming perfect spherical symmetry, and nothing is really perfectly spherical. And I am assuming a very large but finite amount of mass in the universe. There is also a hidden assumption that the explosion is powerful enough to hurl the matter outward without it falling back in.

    Given these assumptions,this is indeed what the math of General Relativity predicts — you cannot avoid it.

    So, do you believe it?

    Well, can quantum effects change all this? Maybe, though I don’t see how.

    Is the assumption of spherical symmetry the problem? I don’t think so.

    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?

    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, “There’s gotta be something wrong here!”

    But what is it?

    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!

    A cynic could say, “Why didn’t Dave just say, ‘What the hell do we physicists know?’”

    But we do know a lot, for example about the CMB.

    However, you are not the first person to ask one of us physicists the question about whether the universe started as a black hole, and usually we just brush off the questioner by saying something like, “Well, it was expanding outward, so, no, it was not a black hole.”

    But I hope my discussion here has shown that, no, we should not be brushing off the question so cavalierly. Something very, very strange is going on here with the Big Bang.

    And no one really understands it.

    Does the fact that the black hole only existed infinitely far in the past mean that time somehow began before time began?

    Well… I don’t know, but I think that is putting more faith in General Relativity than the theory will bear.

    If you want my wild guess, I’d say “quantum effects.”

    Which is sort of what physicist mumble when we really do not know what is going on.

    Now, how do I explain all this in the section on cosmology in the book I am writing on General Relativity?

    Hmmmm……

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    • Replies: @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    G'day, and thanks for your efforts. Your latest is, as you once wrote "as the Donald would say, yuge!!" It will take me some time to consider it all in detail, but while I consider, we could start with this, before your {More}:


    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out — beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty
     
    IF this were to be the case THEN there is a very strong implication there, namely that there is a true outer-bound [end of matter to empty space], and the enclosed space would therefore be finite, so the originating BB-predecessor could also have been finite, and much easier to consider to have started at a singularity [like a black hole, say?] Just saying.

    On another [related] note, I posited an infinite neutron blob, and then researched beta-minus decay. I found something new to me, namely the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB or CνB, where the symbol ν is the Greek letter nu, standard particle physics symbol for a neutrino), which

    .. decoupled (separated) from matter when the universe was just one second old
     
    Interesting; that 1st second really was busy, including the putative cosmic inflation. I also researched atomic emission spectroscopy to find that there is no change over time or distance from the big bang = atoms don't ‘feel’ any expansion of space? Now back to work.. rgds

    PS [search input] explain: dark energy invented to account for accelerated expansion of universe

    [response]

    Dark energy isn't "invented" but hypothesized to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe, a surprising discovery in the late 1990s that showed galaxies moving apart faster, contrary to gravity's expected slowing effect, acting as a repulsive force counteracting gravity, making up most of the universe's energy, and driving this cosmic acceleration
     
    Sooo, what of the Sabine video you cited = expansion isn’t accelerating?

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I’m supposing you’ve lost interest. That’s OK.
     
    No, I've just been busy, and I actually have to do a calculation to answer one of the points you raised. Some of the issues you raised are actually involved in the book I am writing.

    I'll try to give a reply later tonight, but it may not be till tomorrow.

    Take care.

    Dave

    Replies: @skrik

    Thanks for the update. Earlier, I claimed that

    Einstein said that the universe is infinite but bounded

    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase “infinite but bounded” is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein’s early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded

    OK, intermediate step:

    Following Edwin Hubble’s observations in the late 1920s that the universe is in fact expanding, Einstein accepted the dynamic model and abandoned his idea of a static universe and the cosmological constant (which he reportedly called his “biggest blunder,” although this is also a contested quote).
    Current Understanding
    Modern observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) suggest that the universe’s geometry is very close to “flat”. A perfectly flat universe would imply it is infinite and unbounded

    and then:

    Q: What did Einstein say was infinite?
    A: Two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I am not yet completely sure about the universe

    So, I keep ploughing along. rgds

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase “infinite but bounded” is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein’s early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded
     
    I'm going to reply to both of your previous comments here.

    First, yeah, I think you flipped the "infinite but bounded" point. The actual point is that the cosmos might be like the surface of the earth, which is of course finite but has no "edge" -- hence, finite but unbounded.

    When I started studying all this, over fifty years ago, lots of people liked that model. but there was not really any evidence for it (or against it). The truth is that the universe, or at least the matter in the universe, might indeed have an edge.

    In at least some of the cosmic inflation models, in which our universe expanded very, very rapidly for a very brief time, there is in fact an edge to our universe: outside that edge, which is constantly receding, very, very fast, is the "Multiverse" (a term give several different meanings, by the way, just to confuse everyone!). This is extremely speculative (i.e., no real evidence), but it is possible.

    Putting that aside, almost all textbook discussions of standard cosmology assume that the matter density in our universe is more or less constant throughout the universe at large scales (i.e., over, say, a billion light years). That is indeed the case as far out as we can see, but almost everyone thinks the universe is much, much larger than what we can observe.

    We can observe out tens of billions of light years, more or less. So, suppose that the matter in the universe extends out to, say, a trillion light years, far beyond what we can now observe, but, at that point, the matter just peters out -- beyond that, perhaps, the universe is more or less empty.

    Is that possible?

    Weirdly, the textbooks almost never discuss that possibility, because the geometric models are simpler if you just assume that what we see goes on forever and ever.

    But, yes, it is possible that the matter just peters out -- this turns out to be relevant to your question about whether the universe started in a black hole.

    Now, at this point, explaining everything just starts getting really weird, so I'm inserting a MORE tag here so as not to completely fill up this thread with all this!

    Okay, problem 1: what do we mean by distance in cosmology?

    Well, if we ask how far away the cosmic microwave background radiation comes from, we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB was from us at the time it emitted the CMB or we might be asking how far away the matter that emitted the CMB is from us right now.

    Obviously, that matter that emitted the CMB is a lot further away now than it was 380,000 years after the Big Bang when the CMB was emitted, simply due to the "expansion of the universe": way back then the matter that emitted the CMB was moving away from us at close to the speed of light, so it is therefore now a lot further away.

    By the way, the "expansion of the universe," at least if you ignore dark energy, is just the fact that stuff that started out moving away from us at a good clip as a result of the Big Bang continues getting further and further away. It's not really more mysterious than the fact that if you explode a big bomb, the fragments of the bomb continue moving away from each other in an expanding sphere: the textbooks make this sound quite mysterious, but it really isn't. (Include dark energy, and it does become slightly more mysterious -- basically, dark energy has a negative gravitational effect, and hence tends to accelerate things away from us..)

    So, there are at least two wildly different answers you might give to the question of the distance to the source of the CMB: do you mean the distance right now or the distance way back when?

    This should be pretty clear and not surprising.

    But now it gets messy (and this was the calculation I had to do), and the messiness is related to some of your questions: the problem is what do we mean by time and distance in cosmology?

    Suppose that our universe did indeed emerge from something like an exploding black hole and that you were an observer watching it happen from the beginning, and you were quite a distance outside the explosion. How would you measure time and distance in the universe?

    Well, you could set up little drone satellites spaced around the universe that remain stationary relative to you, measure the distances between your drones (say by radar ranging), and synchronize your drones' clocks with your clock.

    This gets complex if you try to take into account the gravitational warping of space and time due to the almost-black hole that is going to explode but let's ignore that (this is an almost-black hole of small mass, let's say).

    Now, let the explosion occur.

    The outermost matter coming off the explosion is moving at almost the speed of light, which means that, simply because of special relativity, time is running much, much slower for that matter than for you and your drone satellites that are at rest relative to you. Furthermore, the distance between different parts of the exploding matter is, again due to special relativity, very different from what you and your drone satellites measure, just because the exploding matter is moving at close to the speed of light.

    So... which is the "right" way to measure time and distance? You and your drone satellites' measurements, or the measurements that could be made on the exploding matter?

    Either way is okay: just as you can choose to measure distance in kilometers or miles, as you wish, as long as know what you are doing.

    You might think you and your drone satellites' approach would be simpler, but that is not what we normally do in cosmology.

    Why? Several reasons.

    First, we ourselves actually live on part of the exploding matter -- the Earth. We really can't just get outside all of the matter in the universe and set up the drone satellites as I suggested above.

    Second, the math just happens to work out simpler that way.

    Finally, the effects of gravity on time and space are easier to take into account if we use the time and distance measurements that would be made sitting on the exploding matter.

    Wikipedia has some decent articled on all this (see here and here), but I am frankly not sure I could follow those articles if I had not already worked out the basic calculations by myself.

    So... the point here is that what we mean by distance in cosmology is a bit up for grabs: there are various choices, all clear enough in and of themselves, but different. We can use whichever we happen to like, but it turns our that, usually, time and distance as measured by the exploding matter happen to be easiest to work with.

    After that little diversion, I'll return to your questions:

    Einstein suggested that the universe is infinite but bounded, I take the bound to be the CMB, it’s our glimpse of the plasma as it cooled sufficiently after about 380k years for atoms to form and the photons to flash out in all directions.
     
    The distance to the matter that emitted the CMB, at the time that the CMB was emitted, if you measure distance with your supposed drone satellites, (and assuming the earth happens to be near the center of the exploding mass) would be perhaps a few billion or tens of billions of light years -- i.e., a good distance, but nothing like any reasonable edge of the universe.

    But the distance to the matter that emitted the CMB at the time that the CMB was emitted, as measured by distance measurements tied to the exploding matter, would be much, much less, perhaps something like a few million or tens of million (not billions) of light years -- radically different.

    What are the distances to the matter that emitted the CMB nowadays? Scale the previous numbers up by something like a factor of a thousand.

    I'm being very vague about these numbers, because an exact calculation is quite complex.

    So, is there some sense in which the matter that emitted the CMB is indeed the boundary of the universe? Only in a trivial sense -- we cannot see matter that was further away than the CMB because "further away" means "earlier in time" in astronomy, due to the finite speed of light, and, prior to the emission of the CMB, electrons were not bound to protons but were part of a plasma: that plasma was opaque to light, so the light from earlier times was absorbed by the plasma and is not visible to us.

    Now, for the really weird stuff: one reason the above numbers are so vague is that I ignored the gravitational effects of the exploding matter in distorting time and distance -- what I discussed above is just special relativity.

    You wrote:

    Two problems I see are:

    1. If the universe started expanding from what would have to be a truly massive black hole type state, Q: What was ‘outside’ of this object? and

    2. How could it go from a black hole type object to super-hot, expanding & cooling?
     
    To think about whether the universe is or was a black hole, it helps if you can imagine standing outside the supposed black hole.

    So, again, imagine a really big universe, and that you are situated, say, a trillion light years away from the Big Bang when it happens -- we are now assuming that the total matter in the Big Bang that will form our universe is in fact finite (though huge, of course).

    What would you see?

    Well, if you ignore quantum effects (Hawking radiation and such), a black hole just sits there forever and does nothing. So, the huge mass sitting there cannot quite be a black hole.

    But the whole idea of the Big Bang is that the huge mass of the universe started out squeezed down into a very, very small volume, so it had to be a black hole, right?

    We seem to have a paradox.

    There is an answer, but it is very, very strange.

    Imagine that you, standing outside the huge mass that is going to explode to form the Big Bang, took a video recording starting trillions of years ago (and correct the video recording for the finite speed of light, so it shows what was really happening "out there").

    Now run that video backwards.

    What would you see?

    Well, of course, you would see the universe collapsing inward as things unwind in time back to the Big Bang.

    But because of the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field, as the collapsing universe got close to the radius at which it would form a black hole, what we call the Schwarzschild radius, it would slow down, and never quite form the black hole.

    Trillions of years ago, quadrillions of years ago, and it would still never quite reach the radius needed to form the black hole.

    Meaning that, if we now imagine running the video the normal way, forward in time, even if we start quadrillions of years ago, we have something that is almost, but not quite, a black hole, that is exploding outward, but that explosion seems to take quadrillions of years to happen, because of the horrific slowing of time near the surface of this almost-black hole, even though it is happening very fast from the perspective of someone sitting down on the surface of the almost-black hole.

    But, of course, the whole idea of the Big Bang is that all of this matter started out in a very small volume, and this almost-black hole would be quite large, albeit much smaller than the current universe.

    So, how did it ever start our really compact?

    Well, again, think about the formation of a normal black hole: although it takes a finite amount of time for the black hole to form from the perspective of someone falling in to the black hole, it takes an infinite amount of time from the perspective of the outside universe, due to the slowing of time deep in a gravitational field.

    So... again imagine running the video backwards: an infinite amount of time in the past all of the matter in the universe was actually concentrated in a small volume, before the external universe even existed.

    Does all of this make any sense at all?

    Well, note that I keep saying "ignoring quantum effects." Also, I have been assuming perfect spherical symmetry, and nothing is really perfectly spherical. And I am assuming a very large but finite amount of mass in the universe. There is also a hidden assumption that the explosion is powerful enough to hurl the matter outward without it falling back in.

    Given these assumptions,this is indeed what the math of General Relativity predicts -- you cannot avoid it.

    So, do you believe it?

    Well, can quantum effects change all this? Maybe, though I don't see how.

    Is the assumption of spherical symmetry the problem? I don't think so.

    Is it just wrong to assume a finite, though huge, amount of mass or to assume that the explosion is powerful enough to keep the matter from falling back in?

    The math is very, very clear-cut, but I assume that almost anyone reading this must be thinking, "There's gotta be something wrong here!"

    But what is it?

    Anyway, I trust you can see now why it took me a few days to come up with a reply to your comment!

    A cynic could say, "Why didn't Dave just say, 'What the hell do we physicists know?'"

    But we do know a lot, for example about the CMB.

    However, you are not the first person to ask one of us physicists the question about whether the universe started as a black hole, and usually we just brush off the questioner by saying something like, "Well, it was expanding outward, so, no, it was not a black hole."

    But I hope my discussion here has shown that, no, we should not be brushing off the question so cavalierly. Something very, very strange is going on here with the Big Bang.

    And no one really understands it.

    Does the fact that the black hole only existed infinitely far in the past mean that time somehow began before time began?

    Well... I don't know, but I think that is putting more faith in General Relativity than the theory will bear.

    If you want my wild guess, I'd say "quantum effects."

    Which is sort of what physicist mumble when we really do not know what is going on.

    Now, how do I explain all this in the section on cosmology in the book I am writing on General Relativity?

    Hmmmm......

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    Replies: @skrik

  • @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?
     
    Well, as far as I know, that is generally the official position of traditional Christianity. To me, it makes no sense at all -- I don't see how forgiveness for wrongdoing can be like paying a parking ticket, where someone else can pay off my parking ticket.

    But I am pretty sure that most practicing Christians have not really thought it through carefully.

    If you troll through my past posts, you can find me speaking quite harshly to Christians who aggressively push their views, most especially when they inform me that I am going to Hell.

    But of course I know perfectly well that most Christians, even most who are fairly devout, are not like that. Most Christians were "born into the Faith," and do not really consciously think through its doctrines, much less push them strongly on others. For them, it is like me singing "The Star Spangled Banner": I do it because I was born in America (I do in fact like our national anthem), and it would never occur to me to try to impose it on non-Americans.

    And while I am happy to deal quite harshly with Christians who choose to present their views in a harsh or dogmatic manner, I actually do not hate them -- I believe in freedom of speech, and if they want to have a "Food Fight" over religion, hey, let's go at it! That's the whole point of freedom of speech and religion.

    And then I am happy to say that I hope they had a Merry Christmas.

    The truth is that, for most people, religion is a "badge of group identity": it is just who they are in terms of their family, their ethnic group, etc. I find that odd: to me all that matters is whether or not it is true.

    But I know that most people do not think that way.

    In any case, I have nothing against, say, the story of the Nativity any more than I have something against the Odyssey. But if someone is adamant about insisting that the Nativity literally happened... well, I will explain why I don't think it did.

    By the way, if you want to watch an interview with the famous New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman in which the interviewer, Paul Ens, presents a view similar to my own, with which Ehrman largely agrees, see here. And the scholar who has recently become famous for pushing the idea of the Gospels as fictional literary constructions is Professor Robyn Faith Walsh: you can find her all over Youtube.

    I had independently arrived at similar conclusions on my own some years ago, although I am certainly nowhere near as knowledgeable on the subject as Ehrman or Walsh.

    Take care.

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

    I like Bart Ehrman’s writings and like that he became a skeptic later in life after he had thoroughly mastered all aspects of history of Christianity. It was a decision made with full knowledge rather than ignorance. Interestingly, it was the problem of ‘Why We Suffer’ that turned him away from faith and not any of the pillars of faith (like Resurrection) that torment a thinking person.

    https://www.wyso.org/2008-02-19/excerpt-gods-problem

    About the ‘when they inform me that I am going to Hell’ part, it was the insistence of a couple of women who would knock on the door on weekends to wake us up with those words that turned me and my wife into firm skeptics of faith over three decades ago!

  • @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    You have provided many interesting points of data and anecdotes for the prevalence of faith and skepticism in many foundational beliefs of Christianity. Thank you. What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    epebble wrote to me:

    What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?

    Well, as far as I know, that is generally the official position of traditional Christianity. To me, it makes no sense at all — I don’t see how forgiveness for wrongdoing can be like paying a parking ticket, where someone else can pay off my parking ticket.

    But I am pretty sure that most practicing Christians have not really thought it through carefully.

    If you troll through my past posts, you can find me speaking quite harshly to Christians who aggressively push their views, most especially when they inform me that I am going to Hell.

    But of course I know perfectly well that most Christians, even most who are fairly devout, are not like that. Most Christians were “born into the Faith,” and do not really consciously think through its doctrines, much less push them strongly on others. For them, it is like me singing “The Star Spangled Banner”: I do it because I was born in America (I do in fact like our national anthem), and it would never occur to me to try to impose it on non-Americans.

    And while I am happy to deal quite harshly with Christians who choose to present their views in a harsh or dogmatic manner, I actually do not hate them — I believe in freedom of speech, and if they want to have a “Food Fight” over religion, hey, let’s go at it! That’s the whole point of freedom of speech and religion.

    And then I am happy to say that I hope they had a Merry Christmas.

    The truth is that, for most people, religion is a “badge of group identity”: it is just who they are in terms of their family, their ethnic group, etc. I find that odd: to me all that matters is whether or not it is true.

    But I know that most people do not think that way.

    In any case, I have nothing against, say, the story of the Nativity any more than I have something against the Odyssey. But if someone is adamant about insisting that the Nativity literally happened… well, I will explain why I don’t think it did.

    By the way, if you want to watch an interview with the famous New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman in which the interviewer, Paul Ens, presents a view similar to my own, with which Ehrman largely agrees, see here. And the scholar who has recently become famous for pushing the idea of the Gospels as fictional literary constructions is Professor Robyn Faith Walsh: you can find her all over Youtube.

    I had independently arrived at similar conclusions on my own some years ago, although I am certainly nowhere near as knowledgeable on the subject as Ehrman or Walsh.

    Take care.

    Dave

    • Thanks: epebble
    • Replies: @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    I like Bart Ehrman's writings and like that he became a skeptic later in life after he had thoroughly mastered all aspects of history of Christianity. It was a decision made with full knowledge rather than ignorance. Interestingly, it was the problem of 'Why We Suffer' that turned him away from faith and not any of the pillars of faith (like Resurrection) that torment a thinking person.

    https://www.wyso.org/2008-02-19/excerpt-gods-problem

    About the 'when they inform me that I am going to Hell' part, it was the insistence of a couple of women who would knock on the door on weekends to wake us up with those words that turned me and my wife into firm skeptics of faith over three decades ago!

  • @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I'm supposing you've lost interest. That's OK.

    In Europe [me not native, I'm ‘merely’ an itinerant], after any street parade, often involving horses, the ‘sweep-team’ comes last. So here is my ‘sweep’.

    You queried [my bolding] text re singularity; the text I quoted was from a search-engine employing AI, which seemed to pattern it's response on a wiki. Sadly, neither to be trusted.

    Now; more AI: [search input] criticise: big bang creation from singularity

    [response]


    The concept of the universe originating from a singularity is considered a mathematical breakdown of current physical theories, rather than a description of physical reality itself. The Big Bang model describes the evolution of the universe from a hot, dense state, but does not definitively explain its absolute origin
     
    [search input] criticise: big bang CMB anisotropy cosmic inflation

    [response]


    The main criticisms of the Big Bang, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy, and cosmic inflation theories revolve around a lack of direct empirical evidence for inflation itself, and the fact that inflation was an ad hoc addition designed to solve problems inherent in the original Big Bang model
     
    Then a bonus:

    The "Pop Science" Misconception: The popular image of the universe exploding from a single, infinitely small point in pre-existing space is largely considered an inaccurate simplification. Cosmologists generally describe the early universe as a hot, dense state, and some models suggest it was a uniform condition across an already infinite space, not localized to a single point
     
    [my bolding] Ah! [Note ‘infinite space’]. Could fit to my

    phase-change with the conservation laws preserved theory
     
    Now temporising; we know that a neutron can, via ‘beta decay’ be turned into a proton. I posit an infinite expanse of neutrons. Just like a radioactive nucleus, the neutron ‘blob’ is not eternally stable, but somewhen/somehow begins to massively ‘decay’, ½ going to protons, liberating the same number of electrons - a super-hot process emitting photons into the mix? Voila! Big bang from BB + 0 secs!

    The rest is history. Hmmm But the neutron to proton decay also emits an electron antineutrino .. Q: Where are they? A: Everywhere! rgds

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    skrik wrote to me:

    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I’m supposing you’ve lost interest. That’s OK.

    No, I’ve just been busy, and I actually have to do a calculation to answer one of the points you raised. Some of the issues you raised are actually involved in the book I am writing.

    I’ll try to give a reply later tonight, but it may not be till tomorrow.

    Take care.

    Dave

    • Replies: @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    Thanks for the update. Earlier, I claimed that


    Einstein said that the universe is infinite but bounded
     
    Well, I looked it up and the response is

    The phrase "infinite but bounded" is likely a misremembering or a simplified interpretation of Albert Einstein's early view that the universe might be finite yet unbounded
     
    OK, intermediate step:

    Following Edwin Hubble's observations in the late 1920s that the universe is in fact expanding, Einstein accepted the dynamic model and abandoned his idea of a static universe and the cosmological constant (which he reportedly called his "biggest blunder," although this is also a contested quote).
    Current Understanding
    Modern observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) suggest that the universe's geometry is very close to "flat". A perfectly flat universe would imply it is infinite and unbounded
     
    and then:

    Q: What did Einstein say was infinite?
    A: Two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I am not yet completely sure about the universe
     
    So, I keep ploughing along. rgds

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to 迪路:



    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits.
    ...
    Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment?
     
    I'm not sure if the words you bolded are your own words or something you pasted from elsewhere.

    Anyway, the bolded words are the sort of thing that physicists used to say a half century ago, back in my student days, but we really should not be saying that now.

    An accurate statement would be that, when you get very close in time to the Big Bang, our equations simply break down, and we therefore do not know what happened. I know that some people -- mainly pop-sci writers but also some physicists -- still say things like what you bolded, but I hope it is clear that we really should not jump from "Our equations just break down" to " creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity."

    Of course, it does sound awfully impressive, doesn't it? Makes it really sound as if we physicists are masters of the universe!

    I'm certainly not one to underplay the successes of natural science. In another thread, I have been annoying people by declaring that it is only natural science that has succeeded in uncovering general, non-obvious, substantive, positive, systematic, and well-verified truths about reality.

    But that does not mean natural science has all the answers. It's only that if we can't answer some deep questions (yet), no one else can, either. I can, in fact, list quite a few questions simply in physics to which we do not (yet) have answers: what happened exactly at the point of the Big Bang is certainly one of those questions.

    For whatever it's worth, my own guess -- and it's only a guess! -- is that matter, energy, space, and time were not created from a singularity at the Big Bang. I'm not even sure what that would mean, and I do know the relevant math and physics -- I'm writing a book on General Relativity.

    I would guess that there was in fact a time before the Big Bang.

    Maybe.

    skrik also wrote:.

    There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can’t understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff – I’ve got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand.
     
    It does appear that the universe is accelerating in its expansion -- this just means that the expansion seems to be speeding up -- but that is not certain.

    Cosmic inflation is an interesting, plausible idea as to what happened a very, very short time after the Big Bang: it might even be true, though there is no convincing evidence for it.

    Dark energy is the simplest explanation for the apparent speeding up of the universe's expansion. In Einstein's theory, dark energy definitely could have that effect. Whether it exists in the real world... well, maybe.

    skrik also wrote:

    I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was].
     
    I don't know of any current physicist who believes there really was an "initial singularity": that is merely a sign that the equations break down. We strongly suspect that the physical cause of the breakdown is quantum gravitational effects.

    Maybe.

    The one thing that we are reasonably sure of is what you said here (keeping in mind that the "dense point" was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume):

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble’s Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it’s the best model for cosmic origins.
     
    Yeah, that's pretty much what we actually do know.

    I am, by the way, pretty confident in what I am posting in this comment, simply because it is pretty easy to be sure that there are a lot of things we don't know! (Now if you get me started on the paradoxes of quantum mechanics or the "hard problem" of consciousness...)

    Hope you had a Merry Christmas!

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    Replies: @skrik, @skrik

    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I’m supposing you’ve lost interest. That’s OK.

    In Europe [me not native, I’m ‘merely’ an itinerant], after any street parade, often involving horses, the ‘sweep-team’ comes last. So here is my ‘sweep’.

    You queried [my bolding] text re singularity; the text I quoted was from a search-engine employing AI, which seemed to pattern it’s response on a wiki. Sadly, neither to be trusted.

    Now; more AI: [search input] criticise: big bang creation from singularity

    [response]

    The concept of the universe originating from a singularity is considered a mathematical breakdown of current physical theories, rather than a description of physical reality itself. The Big Bang model describes the evolution of the universe from a hot, dense state, but does not definitively explain its absolute origin

    [search input] criticise: big bang CMB anisotropy cosmic inflation

    [response]

    The main criticisms of the Big Bang, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy, and cosmic inflation theories revolve around a lack of direct empirical evidence for inflation itself, and the fact that inflation was an ad hoc addition designed to solve problems inherent in the original Big Bang model

    Then a bonus:

    The “Pop Science” Misconception: The popular image of the universe exploding from a single, infinitely small point in pre-existing space is largely considered an inaccurate simplification. Cosmologists generally describe the early universe as a hot, dense state, and some models suggest it was a uniform condition across an already infinite space, not localized to a single point

    [my bolding] Ah! [Note ‘infinite space’]. Could fit to my

    phase-change with the conservation laws preserved theory

    Now temporising; we know that a neutron can, via ‘beta decay’ be turned into a proton. I posit an infinite expanse of neutrons. Just like a radioactive nucleus, the neutron ‘blob’ is not eternally stable, but somewhen/somehow begins to massively ‘decay’, ½ going to protons, liberating the same number of electrons – a super-hot process emitting photons into the mix? Voila! Big bang from BB + 0 secs!

    The rest is history. Hmmm But the neutron to proton decay also emits an electron antineutrino .. Q: Where are they? A: Everywhere! rgds

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to me:


    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I’m supposing you’ve lost interest. That’s OK.
     
    No, I've just been busy, and I actually have to do a calculation to answer one of the points you raised. Some of the issues you raised are actually involved in the book I am writing.

    I'll try to give a reply later tonight, but it may not be till tomorrow.

    Take care.

    Dave

    Replies: @skrik

  • @Anonymous45
    @rockatansky

    ????

    Replies: @rockatansky

    Explain what a sc jew is, define. If you can not, your speech about Chrstianity is worth nothing.

    Remember, all of critisism of Real Christianity and Real Islam comes from misnomerers…who says it’s ‘jewsh’. Shitt, do they even exist, or an invention. Truth to the root, read Shlomo Sand, Koestler. HH Klein, Benjamin Freedman. ‘Jews’ are ashkenaztslmudists (whith noone connection whatsoever to Palestine, capiche), former kasarians convertites, ‘ukrainians’ who now want ‘their land back’. They are insane talmudists, who want all of the world as their own property. Asylums are full of people with megalomaniac affectiv illnesses. Yees

    And written in their sectscripture, ie gemara, talmud. What the f…k is wrong with some, can’t they read.

    Read

  • @CelestiaQuesta
    @skrik

    Let me unwrap this paradoxical theory on how parallel universes exist.

    Matter and energy that fall into a **black hole** cross the **event horizon**—the point of no return where escape velocity exceeds the speed of light—and become trapped inside.

    From an outside observer's perspective, infalling material appears to slow down and freeze asymptotically at the horizon due to extreme gravitational time dilation, while redshifting into invisibility. However, from the infalling material's viewpoint (in proper time), it crosses the horizon smoothly and proceeds inward.

    Fate Inside the Black Hole
    According to **general relativity**, the matter/energy continues toward the center, experiencing intense tidal forces ("spaghettification") that stretch and compress it. It ultimately reaches a **gravitational singularity**—a region where spacetime curvature becomes infinite, density is infinite, and the laws of physics as we know them break down. At this point:

    - The original structure of the matter (atoms, particles) is destroyed.
    - Its mass-energy contributes to the black hole's total mass, increasing the event horizon's radius proportionally (Schwarzschild radius).
    - Some physicists (e.g., Kip Thorne) describe this as the mass-energy being converted into the warped spacetime curvature itself, rather than residing in a traditional "pile" of matter.

    The singularity is predicted to be a point for non-rotating (Schwarzschild) black holes or a ring for rotating (Kerr) ones, but this is where general relativity fails, as it doesn't account for quantum effects. A full theory of **quantum gravity** (not yet complete) is expected to resolve the singularity into something finite, perhaps a Planck-scale structure.

    Long-Term Fate: Hawking Radiation
    Black holes are not eternally permanent. In 1974, Stephen Hawking showed that quantum effects near the event horizon cause black holes to emit **Hawking radiation**—thermal particles that gradually carry away energy. Over immense timescales (far longer than the current age of the universe for stellar-mass or larger black holes):

    - The black hole shrinks and evaporates completely.
    - The total mass-energy originally absorbed is released back into the universe as this radiation.

    This process raised the **black hole information paradox**: Early calculations suggested the radiation is purely thermal (random), destroying information about what fell in, violating quantum unitarity (information conservation). However, recent advances (2019–2025), using holography (AdS/CFT) and concepts like "islands" in entanglement entropy, have derived the **Page curve**—showing entropy rises then falls, consistent with information preservation and unitary evaporation. Most physicists now believe information escapes encoded in subtle correlations in the radiation, resolving the paradox without contradicting semiclassical gravity.

    In summary, matter/energy "goes" into the black hole's interior, contributing to its gravitational field (and likely a quantum-resolved core), and eventually returns to the universe via Hawking radiation, with information intact. For astrophysical black holes today, evaporation is negligible, so added matter effectively stays trapped for eons.

    Replies: @skrik

    Thanks for your response. I have seen the “Hawking Radiation” concept. I note your

    For astrophysical black holes today, evaporation is negligible, so added matter effectively stays trapped for eons

    Which is totally *non-* related to your

    Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension ..

    But that’s OK, since I’m now beginning a response to @PhysicistDave. rgds

    • Agree: PhysicistDave
  • @skrik
    @CelestiaQuesta


    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension ..
     
    [search input]

    define: black hole
     
    [response]

    A black hole is a region in space with gravity so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape, formed from the collapsed core of a massive star or other extreme events, acting as a cosmic vacuum where matter gets pulled in past a point of no return called the event horizon ..
     
    [my bolding] So perhaps @CelestiaQuesta could tell us how s/he/it knows about the inside/backside of black holes? I'm inclined to call “bullshit”!

    "The internet exists to destroy bad information. Posting bullshit does not work anymore, ..." [Thanks Kratoklastes]

    Replies: @CelestiaQuesta

    Let me unwrap this paradoxical theory on how parallel universes exist.

    Matter and energy that fall into a **black hole** cross the **event horizon**—the point of no return where escape velocity exceeds the speed of light—and become trapped inside.

    From an outside observer’s perspective, infalling material appears to slow down and freeze asymptotically at the horizon due to extreme gravitational time dilation, while redshifting into invisibility. However, from the infalling material’s viewpoint (in proper time), it crosses the horizon smoothly and proceeds inward.

    Fate Inside the Black Hole
    According to **general relativity**, the matter/energy continues toward the center, experiencing intense tidal forces (“spaghettification”) that stretch and compress it. It ultimately reaches a **gravitational singularity**—a region where spacetime curvature becomes infinite, density is infinite, and the laws of physics as we know them break down. At this point:

    – The original structure of the matter (atoms, particles) is destroyed.
    – Its mass-energy contributes to the black hole’s total mass, increasing the event horizon’s radius proportionally (Schwarzschild radius).
    – Some physicists (e.g., Kip Thorne) describe this as the mass-energy being converted into the warped spacetime curvature itself, rather than residing in a traditional “pile” of matter.

    The singularity is predicted to be a point for non-rotating (Schwarzschild) black holes or a ring for rotating (Kerr) ones, but this is where general relativity fails, as it doesn’t account for quantum effects. A full theory of **quantum gravity** (not yet complete) is expected to resolve the singularity into something finite, perhaps a Planck-scale structure.

    Long-Term Fate: Hawking Radiation
    Black holes are not eternally permanent. In 1974, Stephen Hawking showed that quantum effects near the event horizon cause black holes to emit **Hawking radiation**—thermal particles that gradually carry away energy. Over immense timescales (far longer than the current age of the universe for stellar-mass or larger black holes):

    – The black hole shrinks and evaporates completely.
    – The total mass-energy originally absorbed is released back into the universe as this radiation.

    This process raised the **black hole information paradox**: Early calculations suggested the radiation is purely thermal (random), destroying information about what fell in, violating quantum unitarity (information conservation). However, recent advances (2019–2025), using holography (AdS/CFT) and concepts like “islands” in entanglement entropy, have derived the **Page curve**—showing entropy rises then falls, consistent with information preservation and unitary evaporation. Most physicists now believe information escapes encoded in subtle correlations in the radiation, resolving the paradox without contradicting semiclassical gravity.

    In summary, matter/energy “goes” into the black hole’s interior, contributing to its gravitational field (and likely a quantum-resolved core), and eventually returns to the universe via Hawking radiation, with information intact. For astrophysical black holes today, evaporation is negligible, so added matter effectively stays trapped for eons.

    • Replies: @skrik
    @CelestiaQuesta

    Thanks for your response. I have seen the “Hawking Radiation” concept. I note your


    For astrophysical black holes today, evaporation is negligible, so added matter effectively stays trapped for eons
     
    Which is totally *non-* related to your

    Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension ..
     
    But that's OK, since I'm now beginning a response to @PhysicistDave. rgds
  • @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on ‘bread’
     
    Well... a few decades ago, I managed to get my mom and her sister, my aunt, who were both practicing Catholics. into a discussion about transubstantiation. My aunt was shocked to find out that my mom did not believe in the "Real Presence." Obviously, my aunt did believe.

    And a few years later, each of my parents, then divorced, independently told me that they had come to the conclusion that, no, the birth of Jesus was not a Virgin Birth. They continued to consider themselves Christians.

    Furthermore, three separate member of the clergy have told me that they encourage members of their congregations to hold beliefs that they themselves know to be false.

    And a friend of my wife's, an atheist historian, happened to be visiting at Georgetown University, in DC, which is run by the Jesuits: we asked her how she got along with the Jesuits, and she said they had similar theological views to hers! (Okay, they were Jesuits!)

    And, finally, there is the book by retired United Church of Christ pastor Jack Good, The Dishonest Church, in which he indicates, based on his own experience, that many in the clergy do not believe in the traditional Christian beliefs.

    I could go on, but I think there is an awful lot of evidence that a very large number of apparently observant Christians, including many members of the clergy, no longer believe.

    How many?

    Very hard to say -- based on what I have seen, I would guess more than 20 percent and less than 80 percent actually reject what we would think of as some of the key beliefs -- Virgin Birth, bodily Resurrection, etc.

    By the way, this may actually be true of some of the founders of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus nowhere mentions the Virgin Birth. And while Paul seems to believe that the risen Jesus really did appear to him, this was very clearly a spiritual experience: Paul makes no claim to have met Jesus when Jesus was alive on this earth.

    Which raises the possibility, seriously considered by critical Biblical scholars nowadays, that all of the appearances that Paul relates in 1 Corinthians may also have been spiritual visions like his own:

    And that [Jesus] was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

    And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:

    After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.

    After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.

    And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
     
    I.e., that Jesus' rising "on the third day" may have been a rising into Heaven, not a bodily resurrection here on earth.

    So, strange as it may seem, the evidence we have is consistent with the hypothesis that Saint Paul may not have been what many Christians today would consider a true Christian!

    Religion is very, very strange, isn't it?

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

    You have provided many interesting points of data and anecdotes for the prevalence of faith and skepticism in many foundational beliefs of Christianity. Thank you. What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?
     
    Well, as far as I know, that is generally the official position of traditional Christianity. To me, it makes no sense at all -- I don't see how forgiveness for wrongdoing can be like paying a parking ticket, where someone else can pay off my parking ticket.

    But I am pretty sure that most practicing Christians have not really thought it through carefully.

    If you troll through my past posts, you can find me speaking quite harshly to Christians who aggressively push their views, most especially when they inform me that I am going to Hell.

    But of course I know perfectly well that most Christians, even most who are fairly devout, are not like that. Most Christians were "born into the Faith," and do not really consciously think through its doctrines, much less push them strongly on others. For them, it is like me singing "The Star Spangled Banner": I do it because I was born in America (I do in fact like our national anthem), and it would never occur to me to try to impose it on non-Americans.

    And while I am happy to deal quite harshly with Christians who choose to present their views in a harsh or dogmatic manner, I actually do not hate them -- I believe in freedom of speech, and if they want to have a "Food Fight" over religion, hey, let's go at it! That's the whole point of freedom of speech and religion.

    And then I am happy to say that I hope they had a Merry Christmas.

    The truth is that, for most people, religion is a "badge of group identity": it is just who they are in terms of their family, their ethnic group, etc. I find that odd: to me all that matters is whether or not it is true.

    But I know that most people do not think that way.

    In any case, I have nothing against, say, the story of the Nativity any more than I have something against the Odyssey. But if someone is adamant about insisting that the Nativity literally happened... well, I will explain why I don't think it did.

    By the way, if you want to watch an interview with the famous New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman in which the interviewer, Paul Ens, presents a view similar to my own, with which Ehrman largely agrees, see here. And the scholar who has recently become famous for pushing the idea of the Gospels as fictional literary constructions is Professor Robyn Faith Walsh: you can find her all over Youtube.

    I had independently arrived at similar conclusions on my own some years ago, although I am certainly nowhere near as knowledgeable on the subject as Ehrman or Walsh.

    Take care.

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

  • @Rurik

    You have “out bah humbugged” Scrooge himself.
     
    Perhaps the Bible isn't to be taken literally, and there is much folly in Christendom's fealty to ZOG.

    But what should transcend all of that, like Europe's beautiful cathedrals, is the Christmas spirit, that transcends science and nations and petty, partisan or tribal bickering, to appreciate the wonder and joy in a child's smile, on the spirit of this day.

    I too am cynical, and find fault with the world, but I try to set it aside, on this day. And see the good in all of us.

    Mock my sentimentality all you want, you Scrooges out there, but I still believe in the magic, so Hail the Yule!

    (there's nothing contradictory in the Yule, and Christmas, they are both part of our heritage, and I embrace them both ; )

    and a very Merry Christmas, to you all!

    Replies: @Bwana Bob, @PhysicistDave, @Dave Bowman

    Thank you so much, for your magnificent good sense as usual, and your heartfelt goodwill. Even if we don’t care much about ourselves, we owe it to helpless, defenceless, easily-heartbroken sacred children to love and cherish them, and make their early lives as happy and secure as possible. God knows, they will meet all the disappointment, pain and suffering of human life soon enough.

  • @Notsofast
    @Pyre

    i am well aware of the habiru and the connection between them and the hyksos both invaders and transplants into lower egypt. both people were part of the rebellion and followers of set, cast out with other mesu betesh, children of the failed rebellion.

    as to their turkish origin, that all depends on what you want to call turk, are mesopotamians and hittites, turk? are serbs turk, you will receive a lot of push back on that. i will agree with you turkish culture is one of the oldest on the planet but it's hard to follow history back to antediluvian times and say what was what and who was who.

    the ancient athenians claimed athens was actually athens 2.0 and a sister city to sais, one of the most ancient cities in egypt (dating back to 4200 bce), but that it was lost beneath the waves when atlantis sank during what most considered to be the great flood, that seemed to drop the northern part of the mediterranean sea but spared the african side.

    the european side is higher than the african side but its continental plate is actually subducting beneath the african, so i can see where a huge seismic event could lead to the displacement of a great number of people, wiping away some of the most advanced nations and cultures on the choicest most expensive waterfront properties they inhabited.

    again, it hard to say just where it all began, i am using josephus, as the earliest source of the hyksos/habiru ancestry of the jewish people, he certainly doesn't paint a very nice picture of them and as a jew, this would be his chance to blame turks for their history but who knows, who's to say he got the real story. one thing i do know, the hyksos brought the wheeled chariot and the horse into egypt for the first time and they had superior iron weapons, that gave them the military advantage over the egyptians. the egyptians accepted them as pharaohs of lower egypt for 250 years. both of these military advantages point to a mesopotamian origin, so again it all depends on what you call turkish.

    they refused to follow or accept any egyptian gods, with the exception of set, the egyptian storm god of chaos, who they saw as an analog of their own god. they attempted to take over all of egypt but were beaten back and out of egypt, by ahmose l, who's father and older brother had been killed during the struggle. for reuniting egypt under egyptian rule, he became the first pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, the hyksos and all rebellious tribes were eventually expelled into the levant but given their own settlement built by the egyptians.

    Replies: @Anon001

    … are serbs turk …

    DNA testing has debunked that lie completely, i.e. Turks allegedly impregnating local women, as well as Prima Nocta that actually existed only in the West. There are literally zero Turkish genes among the Serbs. That was simply yet another Vatican/Austrian/German lie to denigrate Orthodox Christian Serbs.

    Actually, due to Blood Levy [1], in place for over 200 years during Ottoman (Impaler) Empire rule, situation is quite the opposite, i.e. there are literally millions of Turks with Serbian genes, with many of them even fully aware of their ancestral genetic roots. There were even sultans and other rulers in the OE that were genetic Serbs, and many of them knew it as well.

    The length these liars were and still willing to go in denigrating Orthodox Christian Serbs, is shown in this one example out of many: In 1909, Austro-Hungarian Empire even commissioned making of twelve p?rn?gr?ph?c drawings to propagate that exact lie widely [2]. That just shows how sick and pathetic these people are, as they would stop at nothing while targeting Serbia/Serbs. No wonder they ended up being some of the biggest historical losers.

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    [1] Devshirme – Child Levy – Blood Tax – Blood Levy | Wikipedia:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devshirme

    [2] Google Translate: The sick imagination of the Viennese gentlemen:
    https://srbski-weebly-com.translate.goog/istorija-i-srbstvo/bolesna-masta-becke-gospode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en-US&_x_tr_hl=en-US

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    1000+ Anon001 Comments Archive @ The Unz Review | TUR
    https://www.unz.com/comments/all/?commenterfilter=anon001
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

  • @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on 'bread':


    I am trying to understand the Orthodox Church’s teaching on the Holy Eucharist, particularly in relation to the Western doctrines of transubstantiation and consubstantiation.
    How does the Orthodox Church articulate the change that takes place in the bread and wine during the Divine Liturgy? Does Orthodoxy accept or reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation (as defined by the Council of Trent) and the Lutheran teaching of consubstantiation? Is the Orthodox position better described as a “real presence” without further metaphysical specification, or is there an official term or preferred patristic explanation (e.g., “re-creation,” “trans-elementation,” “mysterious change,” etc.)?

     


    Your question cuts to the heart of the difference between Orthodox theology and the later Western developments that produced both transubstantiation and consubstantiation. The Orthodox Church affirms the full, real, and objective change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, while at the same time refusing to define how this mystery occurs using the philosophical systems adopted in the medieval West or the reactionary positions of the Reformation.
    To begin, Orthodoxy makes no distinction between symbol and reality in the modern sense. A symbol, in the patristic mind, does not point away from something, it makes it present. Thus, when the Fathers call the Eucharist a symbol, they mean it in the ancient sacramental sense, not in the modern metaphorical one. They teach with one voice that the consecrated Gifts are truly and ontologically Christ’s Body and Blood.
    But the Church does not attempt to explain the mechanism of this change. Unlike the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation defined at Trent, Orthodoxy does not rely on Aristotelian categories of substance and accidents, nor does it place the mystery of the Eucharist into the framework of scholastic metaphysics. The Church affirms the reality, while leaving the mode in reverent silence.
    At the same time, Orthodoxy also rejects the Lutheran model of consubstantiation, which claims that the bread and wine remain what they are while Christ’s Body and Blood are present “in, with, and under” them. The Fathers do not speak this way. St. Cyril of Jerusalem instructs the baptized: “Do not regard them as mere bread and wine.” St. John Chrysostom speaks repeatedly of a real transformation. There is no patristic support for a coexistence of two substances.
    So how does Orthodoxy describe the change? The language varies, but the meaning is consistent. Patristic and liturgical texts speak of a metabole (change), metastoicheiosis (trans-elementation), metapoiesis (transformation), and metousiosis (change of being). These terms all affirm the same truth: after the Epiclesis, the Gifts are no longer bread and wine in their inner reality, but the Body and Blood of Christ.
    Thus, the Orthodox position is best described as real presence, actual change, and holy mystery. This is not a vague or minimalist stance. It is simply faithful to the apophatic approach of the Fathers, who spoke boldly about the reality of the Eucharist while refusing to dissect its inner mechanics. The Eucharist is not reduced to symbolism, nor explained through metaphysics. It is Christ Himself, truly given, truly present, and truly.

     

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    epebble wrote to me:

    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on ‘bread’

    Well… a few decades ago, I managed to get my mom and her sister, my aunt, who were both practicing Catholics. into a discussion about transubstantiation. My aunt was shocked to find out that my mom did not believe in the “Real Presence.” Obviously, my aunt did believe.

    And a few years later, each of my parents, then divorced, independently told me that they had come to the conclusion that, no, the birth of Jesus was not a Virgin Birth. They continued to consider themselves Christians.

    Furthermore, three separate member of the clergy have told me that they encourage members of their congregations to hold beliefs that they themselves know to be false.

    And a friend of my wife’s, an atheist historian, happened to be visiting at Georgetown University, in DC, which is run by the Jesuits: we asked her how she got along with the Jesuits, and she said they had similar theological views to hers! (Okay, they were Jesuits!)

    And, finally, there is the book by retired United Church of Christ pastor Jack Good, The Dishonest Church, in which he indicates, based on his own experience, that many in the clergy do not believe in the traditional Christian beliefs.

    I could go on, but I think there is an awful lot of evidence that a very large number of apparently observant Christians, including many members of the clergy, no longer believe.

    How many?

    Very hard to say — based on what I have seen, I would guess more than 20 percent and less than 80 percent actually reject what we would think of as some of the key beliefs — Virgin Birth, bodily Resurrection, etc.

    By the way, this may actually be true of some of the founders of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus nowhere mentions the Virgin Birth. And while Paul seems to believe that the risen Jesus really did appear to him, this was very clearly a spiritual experience: Paul makes no claim to have met Jesus when Jesus was alive on this earth.

    Which raises the possibility, seriously considered by critical Biblical scholars nowadays, that all of the appearances that Paul relates in 1 Corinthians may also have been spiritual visions like his own:

    And that [Jesus] was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

    And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:

    After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.

    After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.

    And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.

    I.e., that Jesus’ rising “on the third day” may have been a rising into Heaven, not a bodily resurrection here on earth.

    So, strange as it may seem, the evidence we have is consistent with the hypothesis that Saint Paul may not have been what many Christians today would consider a true Christian!

    Religion is very, very strange, isn’t it?

    Dave

    • Thanks: epebble
    • Replies: @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    You have provided many interesting points of data and anecdotes for the prevalence of faith and skepticism in many foundational beliefs of Christianity. Thank you. What do you think is the fraction of adherents who believe in Substitutionary Atonement?

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @PhysicistDave
    @迪路

    迪路 wrote to me:


    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration… and thus no Big Bang would occur.
     
    Well... I don't know any competent researcher who is seriously suggesting that.

    Most likely, the new claimed results just won't stand up to criticism. I'm old enough to have seen a lot of this stuff -- cold fusion, faster-than-light neutrinos, etc. When it seems to be too good to be true, it usually is.

    迪路 also wrote:

    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.
     
    Well, we're trying to figure out what has been happening over a time period of fourteen billion years!

    Obviously, pretty challenging, but perhaps not impossible.

    迪路 also wrote:

    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.
     
    I myself have played around with string theory a bit (though never published anything): it is mathematically and aesthetically very appealing.

    Alas, it has never been able to make any connection to experiment. It's sorta dead now.

    I'm not sure the string guys would be of any help with fusion though.

    Dave

    Replies: @迪路

    When I was a child, I always had a dream of becoming a physicist.When I was in junior high school, the stories about Einstein and those people deeply attracted me.
    My high school physics grades were also among the top in the entire district. Unfortunately, during the process of adjusting my scores, I ended up choosing the biology major.
    However, the competition for the biology major in China is extremely fierce. Even a doctorate degree can’t change the reality of being a blue-collar worker, let alone anything else.
    I can only 躺平.
    Now listening to discoveries in astronomy and physics is one of my interests. My other interest is writing novels.
    I quite like Hong Kong comics. If you’re interested, you can have a try.I can recommend a lot of wonderful Hong Kong comics to you.

    • Thanks: PhysicistDave
  • @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to 迪路:



    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits.
    ...
    Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment?
     
    I'm not sure if the words you bolded are your own words or something you pasted from elsewhere.

    Anyway, the bolded words are the sort of thing that physicists used to say a half century ago, back in my student days, but we really should not be saying that now.

    An accurate statement would be that, when you get very close in time to the Big Bang, our equations simply break down, and we therefore do not know what happened. I know that some people -- mainly pop-sci writers but also some physicists -- still say things like what you bolded, but I hope it is clear that we really should not jump from "Our equations just break down" to " creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity."

    Of course, it does sound awfully impressive, doesn't it? Makes it really sound as if we physicists are masters of the universe!

    I'm certainly not one to underplay the successes of natural science. In another thread, I have been annoying people by declaring that it is only natural science that has succeeded in uncovering general, non-obvious, substantive, positive, systematic, and well-verified truths about reality.

    But that does not mean natural science has all the answers. It's only that if we can't answer some deep questions (yet), no one else can, either. I can, in fact, list quite a few questions simply in physics to which we do not (yet) have answers: what happened exactly at the point of the Big Bang is certainly one of those questions.

    For whatever it's worth, my own guess -- and it's only a guess! -- is that matter, energy, space, and time were not created from a singularity at the Big Bang. I'm not even sure what that would mean, and I do know the relevant math and physics -- I'm writing a book on General Relativity.

    I would guess that there was in fact a time before the Big Bang.

    Maybe.

    skrik also wrote:.

    There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can’t understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff – I’ve got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand.
     
    It does appear that the universe is accelerating in its expansion -- this just means that the expansion seems to be speeding up -- but that is not certain.

    Cosmic inflation is an interesting, plausible idea as to what happened a very, very short time after the Big Bang: it might even be true, though there is no convincing evidence for it.

    Dark energy is the simplest explanation for the apparent speeding up of the universe's expansion. In Einstein's theory, dark energy definitely could have that effect. Whether it exists in the real world... well, maybe.

    skrik also wrote:

    I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was].
     
    I don't know of any current physicist who believes there really was an "initial singularity": that is merely a sign that the equations break down. We strongly suspect that the physical cause of the breakdown is quantum gravitational effects.

    Maybe.

    The one thing that we are reasonably sure of is what you said here (keeping in mind that the "dense point" was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume):

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble’s Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it’s the best model for cosmic origins.
     
    Yeah, that's pretty much what we actually do know.

    I am, by the way, pretty confident in what I am posting in this comment, simply because it is pretty easy to be sure that there are a lot of things we don't know! (Now if you get me started on the paradoxes of quantum mechanics or the "hard problem" of consciousness...)

    Hope you had a Merry Christmas!

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    Replies: @skrik, @skrik

    Thanks for your rather comprehensive response.

    I don’t know of any current physicist who believes there really was an “initial singularity”: that is merely a sign that the equations break down .. (keeping in mind that the “dense point” was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume)

    Agree to equations breaking down. I don’t much like a singularity as a predecessor of the big bang;

    [COED]

    singularity
     noun (plural singularities)
    1 the state, fact, or quality of being singular.
    2 Physics & Mathematics a point at which a function takes an infinite value, especially a point of infinite density at the centre of a black hole

    Two problems I see are:

    1. If the universe started expanding from what would have to be a truly massive black hole type state, Q: What was ‘outside’ of this object? and

    2. How could it go from a black hole type object to super-hot, expanding & cooling?

    I solve these Qs for my own amusement by positing an intermediate solution of some sort of super-dense form of matter [nucleus-type, say but super-massive tending to infinite] which suffered some sort of quantum fluctuation [similar to spontaneous fission of a radioactive nucleus], and so transitioned after ~1 second to a massive super-hot plasma cooling as it expanded.

    Yeah sure, nobody knows what actually happened and why, or the state of matter in the 1st second after the actual BB event [let alone the predecessor-state]. In this way I suggest a phase-change with the conservation laws preserved = matter can neither be created nor destroyed and whatever is now, always was. I can agree with your suggestion of some sort of

    quantum gravitational effects

    rgds

    PS Einstein suggested that the universe is infinite but bounded, I take the bound to be the CMB, it’s our glimpse of the plasma as it cooled sufficiently after about 380k years for atoms to form and the photons to flash out in all directions. This bound is, of course, massively far away now and going away at light speed, possibly ‘adjusted’ by the universe’s expansion still underway. The video you cited:

    “Stunning Study finds Error in Nobel Prize Discovery”
    Sabine Hossenfelder

    They also redo the calculation for the expansion of the universe
    3:19
    and find that it currently isn’t accelerating

  • Australia and Britain are on opposite sides of the globe. But mind annihilates distance and the mind of a leading Irish ethicist has recently pondered events in these two widely separated countries. Yes, the Trotskyist libertarian Brendan O’Neill has raised two very interesting questions about two pairs of energetic Muslims, one pair in Australia, the...
  • @DKisAntiSelenite
    Right, father and son were allegedly Druze IDF soldiers who took part in the occupation of Gaza.
    Who were now able to live in Australia because of an open door immigration policy enforced by Zionist controlled government.
    And there was no way they could have gotten firearms in a country disarmed by a previous false flag. Its not something Quantas allows on your bags as you leave Israel - or is it.

    Replies: @Truth Vigilante

    Your comment started well. Then you wrote this:

    And there was no way they could have gotten firearms in a country disarmed by a previous false flag.

    I’ve already posted the info on several occasions before, so I won’t do so again (other than to write the following):

    i) After the 1996 Port Arthur Massacre False Flag, the Gubmint arranged for a Gun Buy-Back.
    Yes, some categories of assault rifle were outlawed and you had to turn them in (although many didn’t).

    2) But the vast majority of those guns handed in were returned VOLUNTARILY.
    ie: there was no legal requirement/compulsion to give them up.

    The fact is that the Gubmint was handing out generous sums of taxpayers money for guns in ANY CONDITION.
    So gun owners handed in their misfiring/broken down/grandfather’s WWI era weapons etc, and used the money to BUY NEW GUNS in most cases.
    Got it now Mr Selenite?

    (Scroll through my commentary archives from a couple of weeks ago and you’ll find what I posted about this matter if you want to know more).
    The facts about Gun Ownership in Australia are as follows:

    1) If you want a gun, you can have one (provided you don’t have a criminal record or a history of psychiatric problems).

    2) There are MILLIONS of legally registered guns in private hands in Australia.

    3) I live in Sydney and one particular individual, living around 15 km from me (less than 10 miles away), has FOUR HUNDRED (400) FIREARMS in his possession – all legally owned

    4) It is estimated that there are [at a minimum] countless hundreds of thousands of guns also held ILLEGALLY in Australia.

    5) There have been reports of theft of military grade weapons from Australian Army bases over the years. And stuff like RPG’s (Rocket Propelled Grenades), and their equivalent, have gone missing.
    Said weapons are in the hands of criminals and crime cartels.

    6) There is no ‘U’ in the spelling of QANTAS. It is an acronym – look it up.

    Summary: The corrupt ZOG owned U.S media has propagated the lie that Australians are disarmed.
    This is a complete fabrication.
    Any adult who wants one, in ANY state or territory, can have one – as long as they’re isn’t a valid reason for the Gubmint to deny them.

    Because crime rates in our big cities are much lower than in America, many urban households choose not to possess a gun.
    But in regional areas, a disproportionate number of citizens own them.

    And those gun owners in the bush don’t take too kindly to police overreach.
    (Watch this 6 min video below and see for yourself):

    Video Link

    Sure, that scene was taken from a film. But things like that can happen if you mess with a ‘bushie’.
    My advice to you, if you’re ever brave enough to venture into the outback:
    Don’t fuck with the locals.

  • Varsk’vlavi. That’s a strange word from a strange language. At least, it’s a strange word if your mother-tongue is English and not Georgian, the mother-tongue of Joseph Stalin. As a boy, Stalin himself would have found the word right at the beginning of the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew: Yes, varsk’vlavi, ვარსკვლავი, means...
  • @Kapyong
    @PhysicistDave


    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53).
     
    Indeed.
    Those saints rose from their graves at the crucifixion, then later at the resurrection they travelled into town.

    So for those 1 & 3/4 days while Jesus was 'dead' (Friday noon till Sunday morn) those saints presumably just hung around their graves. (Must have been quite a surprise for those who visited during that time !)

    Somehow the resurrection of Jesus is fundamental to Christian belief, but the resurrection of all those saints in Jerusalem is not important to Christians.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @EliteCommInc., @EliteCommInc.

    Frankly this makes no sense. You will have to explain what you are talking about. I am unfamiliar with these references —- dead people walking around Jerusalem . . . huh?

  • @CelestiaQuesta
    @skrik

    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension that resembles a “Big Bang”. Each dimension (parallel universe) is an extension of a master universe. The master universe an extension of a God particle from an infinite and ancient place that lay beyond the frontiers of any known universe.

    Replies: @skrik

    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension ..

    [search input]

    define: black hole

    [response]

    A black hole is a region in space with gravity so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape, formed from the collapsed core of a massive star or other extreme events, acting as a cosmic vacuum where matter gets pulled in past a point of no return called the event horizon ..

    [my bolding] So perhaps @CelestiaQuesta could tell us how s/he/it knows about the inside/backside of black holes? I’m inclined to call “bullshit”!

    “The internet exists to destroy bad information. Posting bullshit does not work anymore, …” [Thanks Kratoklastes]

    • Replies: @CelestiaQuesta
    @skrik

    Let me unwrap this paradoxical theory on how parallel universes exist.

    Matter and energy that fall into a **black hole** cross the **event horizon**—the point of no return where escape velocity exceeds the speed of light—and become trapped inside.

    From an outside observer's perspective, infalling material appears to slow down and freeze asymptotically at the horizon due to extreme gravitational time dilation, while redshifting into invisibility. However, from the infalling material's viewpoint (in proper time), it crosses the horizon smoothly and proceeds inward.

    Fate Inside the Black Hole
    According to **general relativity**, the matter/energy continues toward the center, experiencing intense tidal forces ("spaghettification") that stretch and compress it. It ultimately reaches a **gravitational singularity**—a region where spacetime curvature becomes infinite, density is infinite, and the laws of physics as we know them break down. At this point:

    - The original structure of the matter (atoms, particles) is destroyed.
    - Its mass-energy contributes to the black hole's total mass, increasing the event horizon's radius proportionally (Schwarzschild radius).
    - Some physicists (e.g., Kip Thorne) describe this as the mass-energy being converted into the warped spacetime curvature itself, rather than residing in a traditional "pile" of matter.

    The singularity is predicted to be a point for non-rotating (Schwarzschild) black holes or a ring for rotating (Kerr) ones, but this is where general relativity fails, as it doesn't account for quantum effects. A full theory of **quantum gravity** (not yet complete) is expected to resolve the singularity into something finite, perhaps a Planck-scale structure.

    Long-Term Fate: Hawking Radiation
    Black holes are not eternally permanent. In 1974, Stephen Hawking showed that quantum effects near the event horizon cause black holes to emit **Hawking radiation**—thermal particles that gradually carry away energy. Over immense timescales (far longer than the current age of the universe for stellar-mass or larger black holes):

    - The black hole shrinks and evaporates completely.
    - The total mass-energy originally absorbed is released back into the universe as this radiation.

    This process raised the **black hole information paradox**: Early calculations suggested the radiation is purely thermal (random), destroying information about what fell in, violating quantum unitarity (information conservation). However, recent advances (2019–2025), using holography (AdS/CFT) and concepts like "islands" in entanglement entropy, have derived the **Page curve**—showing entropy rises then falls, consistent with information preservation and unitary evaporation. Most physicists now believe information escapes encoded in subtle correlations in the radiation, resolving the paradox without contradicting semiclassical gravity.

    In summary, matter/energy "goes" into the black hole's interior, contributing to its gravitational field (and likely a quantum-resolved core), and eventually returns to the universe via Hawking radiation, with information intact. For astrophysical black holes today, evaporation is negligible, so added matter effectively stays trapped for eons.

    Replies: @skrik

  • @skrik
    @迪路

    Thanks for your response;


    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect
     
    [search input]

    explain: big bang
     
    [response]

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble's Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it's the best model for cosmic origins. It wasn't an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits. There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can't understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff - I've got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand. I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was]. Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment? rgds

    Replies: @迪路, @PhysicistDave

    skrik wrote to 迪路:

    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity

    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits.

    Perhaps might care to comment?

    I’m not sure if the words you bolded are your own words or something you pasted from elsewhere.

    Anyway, the bolded words are the sort of thing that physicists used to say a half century ago, back in my student days, but we really should not be saying that now.

    An accurate statement would be that, when you get very close in time to the Big Bang, our equations simply break down, and we therefore do not know what happened. I know that some people — mainly pop-sci writers but also some physicists — still say things like what you bolded, but I hope it is clear that we really should not jump from “Our equations just break down” to “ creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity.”

    Of course, it does sound awfully impressive, doesn’t it? Makes it really sound as if we physicists are masters of the universe!

    I’m certainly not one to underplay the successes of natural science. In another thread, I have been annoying people by declaring that it is only natural science that has succeeded in uncovering general, non-obvious, substantive, positive, systematic, and well-verified truths about reality.

    But that does not mean natural science has all the answers. It’s only that if we can’t answer some deep questions (yet), no one else can, either. I can, in fact, list quite a few questions simply in physics to which we do not (yet) have answers: what happened exactly at the point of the Big Bang is certainly one of those questions.

    For whatever it’s worth, my own guess — and it’s only a guess! — is that matter, energy, space, and time were not created from a singularity at the Big Bang. I’m not even sure what that would mean, and I do know the relevant math and physics — I’m writing a book on General Relativity.

    I would guess that there was in fact a time before the Big Bang.

    Maybe.

    skrik also wrote:.

    There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can’t understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff – I’ve got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand.

    It does appear that the universe is accelerating in its expansion — this just means that the expansion seems to be speeding up — but that is not certain.

    Cosmic inflation is an interesting, plausible idea as to what happened a very, very short time after the Big Bang: it might even be true, though there is no convincing evidence for it.

    Dark energy is the simplest explanation for the apparent speeding up of the universe’s expansion. In Einstein’s theory, dark energy definitely could have that effect. Whether it exists in the real world… well, maybe.

    skrik also wrote:

    I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was].

    I don’t know of any current physicist who believes there really was an “initial singularity”: that is merely a sign that the equations break down. We strongly suspect that the physical cause of the breakdown is quantum gravitational effects.

    Maybe.

    The one thing that we are reasonably sure of is what you said here (keeping in mind that the “dense point” was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume):

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble’s Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it’s the best model for cosmic origins.

    Yeah, that’s pretty much what we actually do know.

    I am, by the way, pretty confident in what I am posting in this comment, simply because it is pretty easy to be sure that there are a lot of things we don’t know! (Now if you get me started on the paradoxes of quantum mechanics or the “hard problem” of consciousness…)

    Hope you had a Merry Christmas!

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    • Replies: @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    Thanks for your rather comprehensive response.


    I don’t know of any current physicist who believes there really was an “initial singularity”: that is merely a sign that the equations break down .. (keeping in mind that the “dense point” was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume)
     
    Agree to equations breaking down. I don't much like a singularity as a predecessor of the big bang;

    [COED]

    singularity
     noun (plural singularities)
    1 the state, fact, or quality of being singular.
    2 Physics & Mathematics a point at which a function takes an infinite value, especially a point of infinite density at the centre of a black hole
     
    Two problems I see are:

    1. If the universe started expanding from what would have to be a truly massive black hole type state, Q: What was ‘outside’ of this object? and

    2. How could it go from a black hole type object to super-hot, expanding & cooling?

    I solve these Qs for my own amusement by positing an intermediate solution of some sort of super-dense form of matter [nucleus-type, say but super-massive tending to infinite] which suffered some sort of quantum fluctuation [similar to spontaneous fission of a radioactive nucleus], and so transitioned after ~1 second to a massive super-hot plasma cooling as it expanded.

    Yeah sure, nobody knows what actually happened and why, or the state of matter in the 1st second after the actual BB event [let alone the predecessor-state]. In this way I suggest a phase-change with the conservation laws preserved = matter can neither be created nor destroyed and whatever is now, always was. I can agree with your suggestion of some sort of

    quantum gravitational effects
     
    rgds

    PS Einstein suggested that the universe is infinite but bounded, I take the bound to be the CMB, it's our glimpse of the plasma as it cooled sufficiently after about 380k years for atoms to form and the photons to flash out in all directions. This bound is, of course, massively far away now and going away at light speed, possibly ‘adjusted’ by the universe's expansion still underway. The video you cited:

    “Stunning Study finds Error in Nobel Prize Discovery”
    Sabine Hossenfelder

    They also redo the calculation for the expansion of the universe
    3:19
    and find that it currently isn't accelerating
     
    , @skrik
    @PhysicistDave

    After 1.5 days since your last to me [to which I responded], I'm supposing you've lost interest. That's OK.

    In Europe [me not native, I'm ‘merely’ an itinerant], after any street parade, often involving horses, the ‘sweep-team’ comes last. So here is my ‘sweep’.

    You queried [my bolding] text re singularity; the text I quoted was from a search-engine employing AI, which seemed to pattern it's response on a wiki. Sadly, neither to be trusted.

    Now; more AI: [search input] criticise: big bang creation from singularity

    [response]


    The concept of the universe originating from a singularity is considered a mathematical breakdown of current physical theories, rather than a description of physical reality itself. The Big Bang model describes the evolution of the universe from a hot, dense state, but does not definitively explain its absolute origin
     
    [search input] criticise: big bang CMB anisotropy cosmic inflation

    [response]


    The main criticisms of the Big Bang, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy, and cosmic inflation theories revolve around a lack of direct empirical evidence for inflation itself, and the fact that inflation was an ad hoc addition designed to solve problems inherent in the original Big Bang model
     
    Then a bonus:

    The "Pop Science" Misconception: The popular image of the universe exploding from a single, infinitely small point in pre-existing space is largely considered an inaccurate simplification. Cosmologists generally describe the early universe as a hot, dense state, and some models suggest it was a uniform condition across an already infinite space, not localized to a single point
     
    [my bolding] Ah! [Note ‘infinite space’]. Could fit to my

    phase-change with the conservation laws preserved theory
     
    Now temporising; we know that a neutron can, via ‘beta decay’ be turned into a proton. I posit an infinite expanse of neutrons. Just like a radioactive nucleus, the neutron ‘blob’ is not eternally stable, but somewhen/somehow begins to massively ‘decay’, ½ going to protons, liberating the same number of electrons - a super-hot process emitting photons into the mix? Voila! Big bang from BB + 0 secs!

    The rest is history. Hmmm But the neutron to proton decay also emits an electron antineutrino .. Q: Where are they? A: Everywhere! rgds

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @Paul Barbara
    @Joe Levantine

    Jesus was sent by God to give us all a second chance, at a huge cost to himself. Brought up as a Catholic, and with Jewish blood somehow in the mix, I am self-taught (with a lot of Jewish 'prompting' completely unbeknown to me at the time, but now clear). I now regard the Vatican as a cesspit (infiltrated and controlled by Zionists).
    Jesus did not require believers to be PhD's or even High Scholl Graduates (I left school a Sophomore), he spoke in parables, that could be understood by the simplest peasant or goat-herder, and also somewhat protected him also from a premature death by masking his message.
    To those who try to best Jesus' description of the realities of this world, wake up, or pay the price come Judgement Day (and make no mistake about it - that day will come).

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    Paul Barbara wrote to Joe Levantine:

    To those who try to best Jesus’ description of the realities of this world, wake up, or pay the price come Judgement Day (and make no mistake about it – that day will come).

    Can you understand that this message of accept Paul of Tarsus’ psychopathic theology or “pay the price come Judgement Day” comes across as more than slightly insane?

    It is very doubtful that this is what Jesus of Nazareth actually taught — it is hard to find in the Synoptic Gospels the claim that belief in Jesus as Son of God is what is needed to save us from eternal torture in Hell. Maybe in John’s Gospel. Certainly in Paul’s letters.

    In any case, it is unlikely that Jesus taught this.

    And it really is psychopathic — sin is not like a parking ticket that someone else can pay off. If my sins are so great as to justify eternal torture in Hell (they aren’t), how could Jesus’ Crucifixion free me from that sin?

    Paul Barbara also wrote:

    Jesus did not require believers to be PhD’s or even High Scholl Graduates (I left school a Sophomore)…

    That’s no excuse — you’re bright enough to grasp how crazy the whole Pauline teachings are.

    And you’re bright enough to grasp why it is certain that the Gospels are fiction.

    Dave

  • @Paul Barbara
    @Kapyong

    Humans are both matter and spirit - the spirit never dies. It would have been the spirit which manifested itself, not the body, but it would manifest in a physical-appearing 'body'. Anyone who can see the immense, total evil of the pedophile, child-sacrificing and war-fomenting Banksters, yet seem totally aghast that there could be a balancing and indeed over-riding force for good in the world, should get a brain replacement (I'm sure Billy (Goat) Gates and his oppo Yuval Ha Ha He can arrange an 'update').

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    Paul Barbara wrote to Kapyong concerning the zombies in Mathew 27:

    Humans are both matter and spirit – the spirit never dies. It would have been the spirit which manifested itself, not the body, but it would manifest in a physical-appearing ‘body’

    That just doesn’t work — Matthew said explicitly:

    And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose…

    Real graves, real bodies.

    But of course this amazing, truly unprecedented event was not mentioned at all in the other three Gospels or in secular sources like Josephus.

    Wouldn’t it really just make more sense to acknowledge that Matthew just made this up, that, indeed, the whole Gospel, along with the other three canonical Gospels, is simply a work of fiction, just like the Gospel of Peter or the Infancy Gospel of Thomas?

    Is it really that hard to realize that the Gospels are works of theological fiction, perhaps very loosely based on an actual historical figure, just like the Odyssey or the legends of King Arthur?

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

  • @Catdompanj
    What Clarke did was what all athiests do, attack Christianity not deism. On paper, yes they believe there is no God or God's. But in reality, Christianity is curiously their sole target. They'll readily ridicule the very idea of a Son of God, born to a human woman who is crucified (dying for our sins) and resurrecting 3 days later. They'll argue against God with childish rants about sickness and illness indicating a god that cruel couldn't possibly exist. I feel these arguments aren't valid arguments against God's existence but I can appreciate their reluctance to believe in God and some of the stories of the Bible. But all their contortions are made solely to denigrate Christianity.

    As athiests (a religion in itself, blind belief with no proof) can readily point out what they see as absurdities in the Bible, yet go suddenly mute when it comes to ridiculing the Old Testament, hmmmm. They also, despite the easy targets ("absurdities") Hinduism presents, like an Elephant god or an 8 armed female god, avoid criticizing Hinduism. They'll mock the Christian God as a "flying spaghetti monster", but ignore the blue, 8 spaghetti armed Shiva. Isn't that an easier target to ridicule than Jesus Christ if your goal is to point out the absurdities in deism????

    Also mentioned over and over by a resident commenter here, "Christianity is a Jewish creation". Heck, that may even be true. But like all athiests he only attacks Christianity. Believe what you want, but if you athiests had an ounce of integrity, you'd attack all religion on an equal basis, but you don't. You save all your pithy one-liners for us Christians. Even better you'll ridicule sinning Christians for not following a Book you don't even believe in.. No worries, we Christians were told in the Good Book that this would happen.

    Replies: @JunkyardDog, @Che Guava, @Anonymous, @PhysicistDave

    Catdompanj wrote:

    As athiests (a religion in itself, blind belief with no proof) can readily point out what they see as absurdities in the Bible, yet go suddenly mute when it comes to ridiculing the Old Testament, hmmmm.

    Not me — I have said again and again that as bad as the New Testament is (basically the condemnation of most of the human race to eternal torture), the Old Testament is a manual for genocide (1 Samuel 15, Deuteronomy 20: 16-18, and pretty much the whole of the book of Joshua).

    Of course, there is the matter that most Christians, following Jesus, are sorta stuck with the Old Testament.

    Catdompanj also wrote::

    They also, despite the easy targets (“absurdities”) Hinduism presents, like an Elephant god or an 8 armed female god, avoid criticizing Hinduism. They’ll mock the Christian God as a “flying spaghetti monster”, but ignore the blue, 8 spaghetti armed Shiva. Isn’t that an easier target to ridicule than Jesus Christ if your goal is to point out the absurdities in deism????

    Well… about the same level of absurdity, I’d say.

    But since I have, quite literally, never met a human being who claimed to believe in Hinduism, wouldn’t if be kinda a waste of time to criticize Hinduism?

    Catdompanj also wrote::

    Believe what you want, but if you athiests had an ounce of integrity, you’d attack all religion on an equal basis, but you don’t. You save all your pithy one-liners for us Christians.

    Y’see, nearly all of the actual religious believers that we run into are you wild-and-crazy Christians. So, sure, you are the guys we talk about.

    I do have some neighbors who were raised as Shi’ite Muslims, but they are not very serious about it. And some other neighbors who are Jews, but who are also atheists.

    I do, from time to time, attack all religions in general, and I have gone on at some length attacking Judaism because of the genocide in Gaza, but, again, the main religious believers I encounter are you silly Christian guys.

    By the way, I actually like Christmas carols, I enjoy medieval cathedrals (I’ve been to England and France), and I find Luke’s story of the nativity to be a charming story.

    But Paul’s theology that all humans actually deserve eternal torture in Hell?

    Or the refusal to acknowledge that the four canonical Gospels are quite obviously works of fiction, just like the Gospel of Peter or the Infancy Gospel of Thomas?

    Don’t you really think that deserves as much ridicule as Shiva’s extra arms?

    Really?

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

  • @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation …
     
    Well, they are pretty plainly all myths. Increasingly the view among critical New Testament scholars is that the Gospels were never intended to be viewed as literal fact -- as I said in another comment, they are "fanfic," meant to entertain and edify.

    For example, John 6:35 says:


    And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.
     
    This is obviously a metaphor.

    This follows the feeding of the thousands: surely it is credible that the feeding of the thousands is just to illustrate the actual teaching?

    I am pretty sure a lot of nominal Christians actually think this but have been too cautious to say so out loud.

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on ‘bread’:

    I am trying to understand the Orthodox Church’s teaching on the Holy Eucharist, particularly in relation to the Western doctrines of transubstantiation and consubstantiation.
    How does the Orthodox Church articulate the change that takes place in the bread and wine during the Divine Liturgy? Does Orthodoxy accept or reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation (as defined by the Council of Trent) and the Lutheran teaching of consubstantiation? Is the Orthodox position better described as a “real presence” without further metaphysical specification, or is there an official term or preferred patristic explanation (e.g., “re-creation,” “trans-elementation,” “mysterious change,” etc.)?

    [MORE]

    Your question cuts to the heart of the difference between Orthodox theology and the later Western developments that produced both transubstantiation and consubstantiation. The Orthodox Church affirms the full, real, and objective change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, while at the same time refusing to define how this mystery occurs using the philosophical systems adopted in the medieval West or the reactionary positions of the Reformation.
    To begin, Orthodoxy makes no distinction between symbol and reality in the modern sense. A symbol, in the patristic mind, does not point away from something, it makes it present. Thus, when the Fathers call the Eucharist a symbol, they mean it in the ancient sacramental sense, not in the modern metaphorical one. They teach with one voice that the consecrated Gifts are truly and ontologically Christ’s Body and Blood.
    But the Church does not attempt to explain the mechanism of this change. Unlike the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation defined at Trent, Orthodoxy does not rely on Aristotelian categories of substance and accidents, nor does it place the mystery of the Eucharist into the framework of scholastic metaphysics. The Church affirms the reality, while leaving the mode in reverent silence.
    At the same time, Orthodoxy also rejects the Lutheran model of consubstantiation, which claims that the bread and wine remain what they are while Christ’s Body and Blood are present “in, with, and under” them. The Fathers do not speak this way. St. Cyril of Jerusalem instructs the baptized: “Do not regard them as mere bread and wine.” St. John Chrysostom speaks repeatedly of a real transformation. There is no patristic support for a coexistence of two substances.
    So how does Orthodoxy describe the change? The language varies, but the meaning is consistent. Patristic and liturgical texts speak of a metabole (change), metastoicheiosis (trans-elementation), metapoiesis (transformation), and metousiosis (change of being). These terms all affirm the same truth: after the Epiclesis, the Gifts are no longer bread and wine in their inner reality, but the Body and Blood of Christ.
    Thus, the Orthodox position is best described as real presence, actual change, and holy mystery. This is not a vague or minimalist stance. It is simply faithful to the apophatic approach of the Fathers, who spoke boldly about the reality of the Eucharist while refusing to dissect its inner mechanics. The Eucharist is not reduced to symbolism, nor explained through metaphysics. It is Christ Himself, truly given, truly present, and truly.

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on ‘bread’
     
    Well... a few decades ago, I managed to get my mom and her sister, my aunt, who were both practicing Catholics. into a discussion about transubstantiation. My aunt was shocked to find out that my mom did not believe in the "Real Presence." Obviously, my aunt did believe.

    And a few years later, each of my parents, then divorced, independently told me that they had come to the conclusion that, no, the birth of Jesus was not a Virgin Birth. They continued to consider themselves Christians.

    Furthermore, three separate member of the clergy have told me that they encourage members of their congregations to hold beliefs that they themselves know to be false.

    And a friend of my wife's, an atheist historian, happened to be visiting at Georgetown University, in DC, which is run by the Jesuits: we asked her how she got along with the Jesuits, and she said they had similar theological views to hers! (Okay, they were Jesuits!)

    And, finally, there is the book by retired United Church of Christ pastor Jack Good, The Dishonest Church, in which he indicates, based on his own experience, that many in the clergy do not believe in the traditional Christian beliefs.

    I could go on, but I think there is an awful lot of evidence that a very large number of apparently observant Christians, including many members of the clergy, no longer believe.

    How many?

    Very hard to say -- based on what I have seen, I would guess more than 20 percent and less than 80 percent actually reject what we would think of as some of the key beliefs -- Virgin Birth, bodily Resurrection, etc.

    By the way, this may actually be true of some of the founders of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus nowhere mentions the Virgin Birth. And while Paul seems to believe that the risen Jesus really did appear to him, this was very clearly a spiritual experience: Paul makes no claim to have met Jesus when Jesus was alive on this earth.

    Which raises the possibility, seriously considered by critical Biblical scholars nowadays, that all of the appearances that Paul relates in 1 Corinthians may also have been spiritual visions like his own:

    And that [Jesus] was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

    And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:

    After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.

    After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.

    And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
     
    I.e., that Jesus' rising "on the third day" may have been a rising into Heaven, not a bodily resurrection here on earth.

    So, strange as it may seem, the evidence we have is consistent with the hypothesis that Saint Paul may not have been what many Christians today would consider a true Christian!

    Religion is very, very strange, isn't it?

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

  • Australia and Britain are on opposite sides of the globe. But mind annihilates distance and the mind of a leading Irish ethicist has recently pondered events in these two widely separated countries. Yes, the Trotskyist libertarian Brendan O’Neill has raised two very interesting questions about two pairs of energetic Muslims, one pair in Australia, the...
  • @Anonymous
    Really, truly and honestly, I would rather save a dog's life than an Afghan's life.

    And I mean it.

    Replies: @Che Guava, @Anonymous, @Paul Barbara

    I’m sure Satan will bless you for it.

  • Varsk’vlavi. That’s a strange word from a strange language. At least, it’s a strange word if your mother-tongue is English and not Georgian, the mother-tongue of Joseph Stalin. As a boy, Stalin himself would have found the word right at the beginning of the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew: Yes, varsk’vlavi, ვარსკვლავი, means...
  • @Kapyong
    @PhysicistDave


    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53).
     
    Indeed.
    Those saints rose from their graves at the crucifixion, then later at the resurrection they travelled into town.

    So for those 1 & 3/4 days while Jesus was 'dead' (Friday noon till Sunday morn) those saints presumably just hung around their graves. (Must have been quite a surprise for those who visited during that time !)

    Somehow the resurrection of Jesus is fundamental to Christian belief, but the resurrection of all those saints in Jerusalem is not important to Christians.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @EliteCommInc., @EliteCommInc.

    Humans are both matter and spirit – the spirit never dies. It would have been the spirit which manifested itself, not the body, but it would manifest in a physical-appearing ‘body’. Anyone who can see the immense, total evil of the pedophile, child-sacrificing and war-fomenting Banksters, yet seem totally aghast that there could be a balancing and indeed over-riding force for good in the world, should get a brain replacement (I’m sure Billy (Goat) Gates and his oppo Yuval Ha Ha He can arrange an ‘update’).

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @Paul Barbara

    Paul Barbara wrote to Kapyong concerning the zombies in Mathew 27:


    Humans are both matter and spirit – the spirit never dies. It would have been the spirit which manifested itself, not the body, but it would manifest in a physical-appearing ‘body’
     
    That just doesn't work -- Matthew said explicitly:

    And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose...
     
    Real graves, real bodies.

    But of course this amazing, truly unprecedented event was not mentioned at all in the other three Gospels or in secular sources like Josephus.

    Wouldn't it really just make more sense to acknowledge that Matthew just made this up, that, indeed, the whole Gospel, along with the other three canonical Gospels, is simply a work of fiction, just like the Gospel of Peter or the Infancy Gospel of Thomas?

    Is it really that hard to realize that the Gospels are works of theological fiction, perhaps very loosely based on an actual historical figure, just like the Odyssey or the legends of King Arthur?

    Dave Miller in Sacramento
  • @Joe Levantine
    @Notsofast

    “ that sounds kind of vainglorious for a perfect being, to me. just one mans opinion, i’m sure i will burn in hell, for harboring such heretical views, i just can’t help it, something tells me it’s what jesus would do.”

    I am sure the Divine One would not punish you for believing in Christ principle rather than Christ dogma. Your dogged defence of the truth and of fair play among imperfect humans is what Christ principle was meant to be.

    Replies: @Verymuchalive, @Paul Barbara

    Jesus was sent by God to give us all a second chance, at a huge cost to himself. Brought up as a Catholic, and with Jewish blood somehow in the mix, I am self-taught (with a lot of Jewish ‘prompting’ completely unbeknown to me at the time, but now clear). I now regard the Vatican as a cesspit (infiltrated and controlled by Zionists).
    Jesus did not require believers to be PhD’s or even High Scholl Graduates (I left school a Sophomore), he spoke in parables, that could be understood by the simplest peasant or goat-herder, and also somewhat protected him also from a premature death by masking his message.
    To those who try to best Jesus’ description of the realities of this world, wake up, or pay the price come Judgement Day (and make no mistake about it – that day will come).

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @Paul Barbara

    Paul Barbara wrote to Joe Levantine:


    To those who try to best Jesus’ description of the realities of this world, wake up, or pay the price come Judgement Day (and make no mistake about it – that day will come).
     
    Can you understand that this message of accept Paul of Tarsus' psychopathic theology or "pay the price come Judgement Day" comes across as more than slightly insane?

    It is very doubtful that this is what Jesus of Nazareth actually taught -- it is hard to find in the Synoptic Gospels the claim that belief in Jesus as Son of God is what is needed to save us from eternal torture in Hell. Maybe in John's Gospel. Certainly in Paul's letters.

    In any case, it is unlikely that Jesus taught this.

    And it really is psychopathic -- sin is not like a parking ticket that someone else can pay off. If my sins are so great as to justify eternal torture in Hell (they aren't), how could Jesus' Crucifixion free me from that sin?

    Paul Barbara also wrote:

    Jesus did not require believers to be PhD’s or even High Scholl Graduates (I left school a Sophomore)...
     
    That's no excuse -- you're bright enough to grasp how crazy the whole Pauline teachings are.

    And you're bright enough to grasp why it is certain that the Gospels are fiction.

    Dave
  • @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation ...

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    epebble wrote to me:

    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation …

    Well, they are pretty plainly all myths. Increasingly the view among critical New Testament scholars is that the Gospels were never intended to be viewed as literal fact — as I said in another comment, they are “fanfic,” meant to entertain and edify.

    For example, John 6:35 says:

    And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.

    This is obviously a metaphor.

    This follows the feeding of the thousands: surely it is credible that the feeding of the thousands is just to illustrate the actual teaching?

    I am pretty sure a lot of nominal Christians actually think this but have been too cautious to say so out loud.

    Dave

    • Replies: @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    I think most observant Christians take those articles of faith central to their belief. For example, see the debate on 'bread':


    I am trying to understand the Orthodox Church’s teaching on the Holy Eucharist, particularly in relation to the Western doctrines of transubstantiation and consubstantiation.
    How does the Orthodox Church articulate the change that takes place in the bread and wine during the Divine Liturgy? Does Orthodoxy accept or reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation (as defined by the Council of Trent) and the Lutheran teaching of consubstantiation? Is the Orthodox position better described as a “real presence” without further metaphysical specification, or is there an official term or preferred patristic explanation (e.g., “re-creation,” “trans-elementation,” “mysterious change,” etc.)?

     


    Your question cuts to the heart of the difference between Orthodox theology and the later Western developments that produced both transubstantiation and consubstantiation. The Orthodox Church affirms the full, real, and objective change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, while at the same time refusing to define how this mystery occurs using the philosophical systems adopted in the medieval West or the reactionary positions of the Reformation.
    To begin, Orthodoxy makes no distinction between symbol and reality in the modern sense. A symbol, in the patristic mind, does not point away from something, it makes it present. Thus, when the Fathers call the Eucharist a symbol, they mean it in the ancient sacramental sense, not in the modern metaphorical one. They teach with one voice that the consecrated Gifts are truly and ontologically Christ’s Body and Blood.
    But the Church does not attempt to explain the mechanism of this change. Unlike the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation defined at Trent, Orthodoxy does not rely on Aristotelian categories of substance and accidents, nor does it place the mystery of the Eucharist into the framework of scholastic metaphysics. The Church affirms the reality, while leaving the mode in reverent silence.
    At the same time, Orthodoxy also rejects the Lutheran model of consubstantiation, which claims that the bread and wine remain what they are while Christ’s Body and Blood are present “in, with, and under” them. The Fathers do not speak this way. St. Cyril of Jerusalem instructs the baptized: “Do not regard them as mere bread and wine.” St. John Chrysostom speaks repeatedly of a real transformation. There is no patristic support for a coexistence of two substances.
    So how does Orthodoxy describe the change? The language varies, but the meaning is consistent. Patristic and liturgical texts speak of a metabole (change), metastoicheiosis (trans-elementation), metapoiesis (transformation), and metousiosis (change of being). These terms all affirm the same truth: after the Epiclesis, the Gifts are no longer bread and wine in their inner reality, but the Body and Blood of Christ.
    Thus, the Orthodox position is best described as real presence, actual change, and holy mystery. This is not a vague or minimalist stance. It is simply faithful to the apophatic approach of the Fathers, who spoke boldly about the reality of the Eucharist while refusing to dissect its inner mechanics. The Eucharist is not reduced to symbolism, nor explained through metaphysics. It is Christ Himself, truly given, truly present, and truly.

     

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • @迪路
    @PhysicistDave

    I know.
    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration... and thus no Big Bang would occur.
    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.
    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.
    And there are things like gene editing.
    I used to work in the model animal laboratory. I carried out some vector engineering for antibody mice for my listed company.
    Human beings have simply not conducted sufficient research in the field of biological science. Moreover, too many ethical restrictions in the biological domain prevent us from advancing too rapidly... It's really a pity.

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    迪路 wrote to me:

    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration… and thus no Big Bang would occur.

    Well… I don’t know any competent researcher who is seriously suggesting that.

    Most likely, the new claimed results just won’t stand up to criticism. I’m old enough to have seen a lot of this stuff — cold fusion, faster-than-light neutrinos, etc. When it seems to be too good to be true, it usually is.

    迪路 also wrote:

    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.

    Well, we’re trying to figure out what has been happening over a time period of fourteen billion years!

    Obviously, pretty challenging, but perhaps not impossible.

    迪路 also wrote:

    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.

    I myself have played around with string theory a bit (though never published anything): it is mathematically and aesthetically very appealing.

    Alas, it has never been able to make any connection to experiment. It’s sorta dead now.

    I’m not sure the string guys would be of any help with fusion though.

    Dave

    • Agree: 迪路
    • Replies: @迪路
    @PhysicistDave

    When I was a child, I always had a dream of becoming a physicist.When I was in junior high school, the stories about Einstein and those people deeply attracted me.
    My high school physics grades were also among the top in the entire district. Unfortunately, during the process of adjusting my scores, I ended up choosing the biology major.
    However, the competition for the biology major in China is extremely fierce. Even a doctorate degree can't change the reality of being a blue-collar worker, let alone anything else.
    I can only 躺平.
    Now listening to discoveries in astronomy and physics is one of my interests. My other interest is writing novels.
    I quite like Hong Kong comics. If you're interested, you can have a try.I can recommend a lot of wonderful Hong Kong comics to you.

  • @PhysicistDave
    epebble wrote to Observator:


    [Obs] impossible to be literally “guided by a star,”
     
    [epeb] There is such a thing called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation and instruments like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_tracker that are built into ICBMs (which were built before GPS existed) as a fallback if inertial navigation (gyroscopes) fails.
     
    The Gospel of Matthew claims that somehow the Star led the Wise men uniquely to the stable in Bethlehem.

    And if you knew anything about navigation, or celestial mechanics, you would know that this is utter nonsense, which is Observator's point.

    Try it: go out tonight, latch on to some star and figure out which newly born child that particular star is leading you to.

    Really -- try it.

    The Gospels are very clearly what young people call "fanfic," edifying fiction meant to entertain and strengthen believers' faith.

    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53):

    Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

    And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

    And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,

    And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.
     
    Or do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe there was a mountain from which all kingdoms of earth can be seen (Matthew 4: 8-9):

    Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;

    And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.
     
    This is all quite obviously fiction, just like the children's book The Littlest Angel, of which I was quite fond as a young child -- except no one pretended that book was real.

    We know that early Christians made up countless examples of fanfic, some of which survives to this day, such as the Gospel of Peter and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas (not to be confused with the Gospel of Thomas), both of which even fundamentalists admit to be fictional. (see here for the Infancy of Gospel of Thomas, which is actually rather amusing).

    Increasingly, serious Biblical scholars are coming to recognize these obvious facts -- google YouTube interviews with Robyn Faith Walsh, or read her book, if you would like more information.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, physics, Caltech; PhD, physics, Stanford)

    Replies: @epebble, @Kapyong

    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53).

    Indeed.
    Those saints rose from their graves at the crucifixion, then later at the resurrection they travelled into town.

    So for those 1 & 3/4 days while Jesus was ‘dead’ (Friday noon till Sunday morn) those saints presumably just hung around their graves. (Must have been quite a surprise for those who visited during that time !)

    Somehow the resurrection of Jesus is fundamental to Christian belief, but the resurrection of all those saints in Jerusalem is not important to Christians.

    • Thanks: PhysicistDave
    • Replies: @Paul Barbara
    @Kapyong

    Humans are both matter and spirit - the spirit never dies. It would have been the spirit which manifested itself, not the body, but it would manifest in a physical-appearing 'body'. Anyone who can see the immense, total evil of the pedophile, child-sacrificing and war-fomenting Banksters, yet seem totally aghast that there could be a balancing and indeed over-riding force for good in the world, should get a brain replacement (I'm sure Billy (Goat) Gates and his oppo Yuval Ha Ha He can arrange an 'update').

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    , @EliteCommInc.
    @Kapyong

    Frankly this makes no sense. You will have to explain what you are talking about. I am unfamiliar with these references ---- dead people walking around Jerusalem . . . huh?

    , @EliteCommInc.
    @Kapyong

    Hmmmmmm . . . curious. I was pretty sure, I provied a much more in depth response to this comment. There are dozens and dozens of miracles by Christ that we will neber hear of. That does not make them unimportant.

    The reason that the resurrection of Christ would supersede the resurrection of others is that his resurrection was the most important. Key and central to the faith. It described to accomplis a very specific purpose.

    These are not dead people. There are no zombies as someone else suggested. Either they were alive in flesh or the were spiritual, they appeared it is not clear if they stayed, ascended or anything else.


    A physician may heal 100 individuals from a deadly illness. People may rejoice a the healings, embrace the healed, but the most of the attention will be on the healer. And in this case, the physician according to scripture actually healed himself and rose from the dead.

    Afterall , Christ stated that he was the resurrection an the life, ---- not the saints who rose. It's pretty obvious how they would be eclipsed by events and circumstance.

  • Population replacement in full swing in Brussels. The data proves it is a reality and not a right wing conspiracy theory.

    https://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=320514

  • @skrik
    @Agent76

    [search input]


    critique: Sep 12 2022 James Webb Telescope JUST *PROVED* The Big Bang Theory Wrong!
     
    [response]

    The claim that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) "proved" the Big Bang theory wrong is inaccurate and considered misinformation by the scientific community. The observations from JWST have provided new data that challenge specific models of early galaxy formation, but they do not disprove the foundational Big Bang theory itself, which is supported by a vast body of independent evidence.
    Critique of the Claim
    Misinterpretation of Findings: The initial reports of unexpectedly large and mature galaxies in the very early universe (a few hundred million years after the Big Bang) led to sensationalized headlines. These findings were surprising because existing models of galaxy formation predicted a slower assembly process.
    Challenging Models, Not the Theory: The core Big Bang theory describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot, dense state, and this is confirmed by observations like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and the abundance of light elements
     
    [my bolding] rgds

    Replies: @CelestiaQuesta

    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension that resembles a “Big Bang”. Each dimension (parallel universe) is an extension of a master universe. The master universe an extension of a God particle from an infinite and ancient place that lay beyond the frontiers of any known universe.

    • Replies: @skrik
    @CelestiaQuesta


    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension ..
     
    [search input]

    define: black hole
     
    [response]

    A black hole is a region in space with gravity so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape, formed from the collapsed core of a massive star or other extreme events, acting as a cosmic vacuum where matter gets pulled in past a point of no return called the event horizon ..
     
    [my bolding] So perhaps @CelestiaQuesta could tell us how s/he/it knows about the inside/backside of black holes? I'm inclined to call “bullshit”!

    "The internet exists to destroy bad information. Posting bullshit does not work anymore, ..." [Thanks Kratoklastes]

    Replies: @CelestiaQuesta

  • @A Handle
    @Mr. Crowley

    I'm trying to parse out the theory. Christianity was created by Jews before the time of Christ to trick the gentiles. Also, Roman Emperor Tacitus (secretly) adopted Christianity around 200AD because he thought it was a nice pacifist religion to trick the Jews with, to make them less warlike. But the Jews didn't take to the religion at all, and the Roman Empire did. This is what I can glean from listening to Adam Green. I'm sure I'm missing some steps, but isn't this the gist of it?

    Replies: @saoirse

    Keep listening to Green. He’s as to-the-point on the ‘christian problem’ as there is out there at the moment.

  • @Commentator Mike
    @Che Guava

    In his autobiography Anthony Burgess mentions that he used to screw a 14 year old dance girl in Malaysia that worked in one of those dance halls customers used to pay to dance with the girls working in them, sort of like hostesses in today's karaoke and go go bars. He also mentions that when he stayed in a native long house in Malaysia they slipped him a very young girl into his bed at night which was part of their customary hospitality and he gladly accepted.

    Some people tried to sue him in Singapore because they recognised themselves as characters in his novels although he changed their names. I don't know what the outcome was.

    I've read a few of his books but not Earthly Powers. Loved the Malay Trilogy and Devil of a State. I also read A Clockwork Orange. Maugham - only read some short stories set in the Far East.

    Replies: @Che Guava

    I haven’t read his autobio. (⁠yet). Should, I guess.

    It strikes me now that all of the great English dystopian works (⁠Brave New World, 1984, A Clockwork Orange) fall short of how bad the place has now become. Not that I’ve ever been there. In each case, no matter how bad, England was still England, although under U.S. control in 1984 (which is a bizarre point of the background in that book, Ingsoc is clearly from the British Labour Party, how could they export it to the U.S.A.?), in Brave New World, it’s world government control, but except for Mustafa Mond himself, perhaps Bernard Marx, and the Indian Gamma stewards on an airliner, it’s just England under a new system.

    Burgess wrote at least two other dystopian S.F. novels, The Wanting Seed, which featured compulsory homosexuality (and was years earlier than A Clockwork Orange), and 1985, which featured Mohammedan infiltration and control. Perhaps they bring us almost up to date on dystopia there.

    All worth reading, although from recollection, 1985 wasn’t very well written.

    I am puzzled by A Clockwork Orange, the original edition had the Nadsat glossary at the end. I later read an edition where Alex de Large sits in a pub deciding to be a family man.

    Burgess claimed that it was his original edition. However, the first edition I read was from a Brit. publisher, and had the Nadsat glossary at the end.

    I can see why he would have opposed the glossary, anyone not stupid could work most of it out, but the last chapter seems to have been tacked on, and wasn’t in early editions.

  • @skrik
    @迪路

    Thanks for your response;


    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect
     
    [search input]

    explain: big bang
     
    [response]

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble's Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it's the best model for cosmic origins. It wasn't an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits. There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can't understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff - I've got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand. I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was]. Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment? rgds

    Replies: @迪路, @PhysicistDave

    I’m not a professional physicist either. I’m just an enthusiast who often listens to the astronomy channel. The experts must know much more than me.
    Anyway, I think the current state of human research into the universe is quite depressing. If you devote 200% of your energy to something, you might actually only get a 1% return, and then publish a paper.
    Perhaps in the end, it will still need to return to engineering research.
    Our biopharmaceutical industry is like playing a gambling game. You have a 0.000001% chance of investing 10% of your effort and achieving a 1000% return.
    To be honest, I don’t have much hope for the future of humanity. Because the distances between galaxies are very large, and the spatial gaps are huge. Under the limitation of the speed of light, humans will probably be confined to the small space of the solar system and live there forever.

  • @PhysicistDave
    @迪路

    迪路 wrote to skrik:


    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect.
     
    The idea that the universe is accelerating is not essential to the Big Bang theory -- indeed, prior to the 1990s, the standard version of the Big Bang theory held that the universe was decelerating.

    In any case, my fellow physicist Sabine Hossenfelder suggests that the paper's conclusions are doubtful: she gives it a 6 out of 10 on her infamous BS meter (see here).

    Incidentally, while Sabine is of course not always right (no one is), she is a legitimate physicist who usually does know what she is talking about.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, Caltech, physics; PhD, Stanford, physics)

    Replies: @迪路

    I know.
    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration… and thus no Big Bang would occur.
    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.
    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.
    And there are things like gene editing.
    I used to work in the model animal laboratory. I carried out some vector engineering for antibody mice for my listed company.
    Human beings have simply not conducted sufficient research in the field of biological science. Moreover, too many ethical restrictions in the biological domain prevent us from advancing too rapidly… It’s really a pity.

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @迪路

    迪路 wrote to me:


    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration… and thus no Big Bang would occur.
     
    Well... I don't know any competent researcher who is seriously suggesting that.

    Most likely, the new claimed results just won't stand up to criticism. I'm old enough to have seen a lot of this stuff -- cold fusion, faster-than-light neutrinos, etc. When it seems to be too good to be true, it usually is.

    迪路 also wrote:

    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.
     
    Well, we're trying to figure out what has been happening over a time period of fourteen billion years!

    Obviously, pretty challenging, but perhaps not impossible.

    迪路 also wrote:

    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.
     
    I myself have played around with string theory a bit (though never published anything): it is mathematically and aesthetically very appealing.

    Alas, it has never been able to make any connection to experiment. It's sorta dead now.

    I'm not sure the string guys would be of any help with fusion though.

    Dave

    Replies: @迪路

  • @PhysicistDave
    epebble wrote to Observator:


    [Obs] impossible to be literally “guided by a star,”
     
    [epeb] There is such a thing called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation and instruments like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_tracker that are built into ICBMs (which were built before GPS existed) as a fallback if inertial navigation (gyroscopes) fails.
     
    The Gospel of Matthew claims that somehow the Star led the Wise men uniquely to the stable in Bethlehem.

    And if you knew anything about navigation, or celestial mechanics, you would know that this is utter nonsense, which is Observator's point.

    Try it: go out tonight, latch on to some star and figure out which newly born child that particular star is leading you to.

    Really -- try it.

    The Gospels are very clearly what young people call "fanfic," edifying fiction meant to entertain and strengthen believers' faith.

    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53):

    Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

    And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

    And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,

    And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.
     
    Or do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe there was a mountain from which all kingdoms of earth can be seen (Matthew 4: 8-9):

    Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;

    And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.
     
    This is all quite obviously fiction, just like the children's book The Littlest Angel, of which I was quite fond as a young child -- except no one pretended that book was real.

    We know that early Christians made up countless examples of fanfic, some of which survives to this day, such as the Gospel of Peter and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas (not to be confused with the Gospel of Thomas), both of which even fundamentalists admit to be fictional. (see here for the Infancy of Gospel of Thomas, which is actually rather amusing).

    Increasingly, serious Biblical scholars are coming to recognize these obvious facts -- google YouTube interviews with Robyn Faith Walsh, or read her book, if you would like more information.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, physics, Caltech; PhD, physics, Stanford)

    Replies: @epebble, @Kapyong

    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation …

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @epebble

    epebble wrote to me:


    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation …
     
    Well, they are pretty plainly all myths. Increasingly the view among critical New Testament scholars is that the Gospels were never intended to be viewed as literal fact -- as I said in another comment, they are "fanfic," meant to entertain and edify.

    For example, John 6:35 says:


    And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.
     
    This is obviously a metaphor.

    This follows the feeding of the thousands: surely it is credible that the feeding of the thousands is just to illustrate the actual teaching?

    I am pretty sure a lot of nominal Christians actually think this but have been too cautious to say so out loud.

    Dave

    Replies: @epebble

  • Australia and Britain are on opposite sides of the globe. But mind annihilates distance and the mind of a leading Irish ethicist has recently pondered events in these two widely separated countries. Yes, the Trotskyist libertarian Brendan O’Neill has raised two very interesting questions about two pairs of energetic Muslims, one pair in Australia, the...
  • Right, father and son were allegedly Druze IDF soldiers who took part in the occupation of Gaza.
    Who were now able to live in Australia because of an open door immigration policy enforced by Zionist controlled government.
    And there was no way they could have gotten firearms in a country disarmed by a previous false flag. Its not something Quantas allows on your bags as you leave Israel – or is it.

    • Agree: John Trout
    • Replies: @Truth Vigilante
    @DKisAntiSelenite

    Your comment started well. Then you wrote this:


    And there was no way they could have gotten firearms in a country disarmed by a previous false flag.
     
    I've already posted the info on several occasions before, so I won't do so again (other than to write the following):

    i) After the 1996 Port Arthur Massacre False Flag, the Gubmint arranged for a Gun Buy-Back.
    Yes, some categories of assault rifle were outlawed and you had to turn them in (although many didn't).

    2) But the vast majority of those guns handed in were returned VOLUNTARILY.
    ie: there was no legal requirement/compulsion to give them up.

    The fact is that the Gubmint was handing out generous sums of taxpayers money for guns in ANY CONDITION.
    So gun owners handed in their misfiring/broken down/grandfather's WWI era weapons etc, and used the money to BUY NEW GUNS in most cases.
    Got it now Mr Selenite?

    (Scroll through my commentary archives from a couple of weeks ago and you'll find what I posted about this matter if you want to know more).
    The facts about Gun Ownership in Australia are as follows:

    1) If you want a gun, you can have one (provided you don't have a criminal record or a history of psychiatric problems).

    2) There are MILLIONS of legally registered guns in private hands in Australia.

    3) I live in Sydney and one particular individual, living around 15 km from me (less than 10 miles away), has FOUR HUNDRED (400) FIREARMS in his possession - all legally owned

    4) It is estimated that there are [at a minimum] countless hundreds of thousands of guns also held ILLEGALLY in Australia.

    5) There have been reports of theft of military grade weapons from Australian Army bases over the years. And stuff like RPG's (Rocket Propelled Grenades), and their equivalent, have gone missing.
    Said weapons are in the hands of criminals and crime cartels.

    6) There is no 'U' in the spelling of QANTAS. It is an acronym - look it up.
     

    Summary: The corrupt ZOG owned U.S media has propagated the lie that Australians are disarmed.
    This is a complete fabrication.
    Any adult who wants one, in ANY state or territory, can have one - as long as they're isn't a valid reason for the Gubmint to deny them.
     
    Because crime rates in our big cities are much lower than in America, many urban households choose not to possess a gun.
    But in regional areas, a disproportionate number of citizens own them.

    And those gun owners in the bush don't take too kindly to police overreach.
    (Watch this 6 min video below and see for yourself):
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaRFG4nVsog

    Sure, that scene was taken from a film. But things like that can happen if you mess with a 'bushie'.
    My advice to you, if you're ever brave enough to venture into the outback:
    Don't fuck with the locals.
  • Varsk’vlavi. That’s a strange word from a strange language. At least, it’s a strange word if your mother-tongue is English and not Georgian, the mother-tongue of Joseph Stalin. As a boy, Stalin himself would have found the word right at the beginning of the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew: Yes, varsk’vlavi, ვარსკვლავი, means...
  • @Anonymous
    @Catdompanj


    What Clarke did was what all atheists do, attack Christianity not deism. On paper, yes they believe there is no God or God’s. But in reality, Christianity is curiously their sole target…. Even better you’ll ridicule sinning Christians for not following a Book you don’t even believe in. No worries, we Christians were told in the Good Book that this would happen.” – CATDOMPANJ
     
    What Catdompanj(above) doesn’t seem to understand is religion is a lack of faith, a quest for security in certainty, and that Christianity is not spiritual.

    From everything we can learn from scriptures and from modern social psychology about cognitive dissonance, humans live in a constant state of anxiety (Kierkegaard) and repressed nervousness of doubt about their beliefs, most of all religious beliefs. This is why ancient rulers have their soldiers march into combat with some sacred book (Marcus Aurelius’s “Meditations”, Hitler’s use of Tacitus’s “Germania”, Joshua’s lost “Book of the Wars of the Lord” referenced in Numbers 21, Saint Bernard’s war charged “letters to the Pope to liberate Jews from Muslim oppression”, or perhaps resurrecting Hal Lindsey’s 1974 evangelical dispensationalist book “The Coming Russian Invasion of Israel”, etc.). To get parents to allow their children to be sent to war requires certitude about the righteousness of one’s cause. Sure, there are gnostic cults but even these are used for motivating war (The Dead Sea Scrolls “The War Scrolls” of James the Righteous (Jesus’s brother?) resisting Roman occupation). Even during peacetime, sacred scripture is utilized for control of the political economy (Constantine’s Bible to legitimatize serfdom as described by Joe Atwill’s Caesar’s Messiah).

    Persecution and martyrdom are used to provide a strengthening of belief. When I ask Christians if they have any doubts about their beliefs or the authority of the Pope, they answer me that to be a Christian is to believe absolutely. This is despite that the word faith implies doubt, even the necessity of acknowledging doubt (Erasmus, In Praise of Folly, 1511; Peter Enns, The Sin of Certainty, 1989, and Peter Berger, In Praise of Doubt, 2009). This stance affirms humans must inescapably live with inconclusive information on the ultimate meaning of things. This also means that social institutions are not given by God’s Law, by the divinity of Popes, the charisma of some leader, or by some prophecy. To deny uncertainty is bad faith (Sartre the atheist). Neither is Christianity a prescription for a fuller, more self-actualized, successful life or prosperity.

    Even though Christianity may have been devised by Roman emperors, there is the inevitable workings of what Hegel called “The Cunning of Reason”. Meaning even the most selfish or viciousness of individuals or states, may achieve its own grand, unseen purpose and rational plan. Unintended consequences, the deeds of world-historic figures such as Caesar or Napoleon, whose actions are driven by self-interest and passions, may serve Reason’s larger plan, world changing events are driven by passions not benevolence, and moral progress may only be understood retrospectively, using human folly and ambition to reveal its liberating goal. To Christians the only certainty is death and the belief that there is something beyond it.

    Moreover, Christianity comes from the outside, not the inner depths of religious experience. The Christian Faith is not a spiritual concern. God, or Christ, confronts one from the outside. Ergo, Christianity proclaims religion as an act of faith not certainty. Moreover, Christianity cannot be reduced to moralism for humans “do not know what they do”, they are subject to unintended consequences, the actions of humans are always covered by deceit, and as Machiavelli noted “hatred is gained as much by good works as by evil”. We are all “moral fools” and “morally fooled” (Erasmus).

    I am no longer an observant institutionalized Christian nor an atheist, nor a Christian apologist, but Christians should reject both Clarke’s atheist misconceptions and Catdompanj’s bad faith.

    Replies: @Catdompanj

    All that verbal diarrhea just proved my point.

  • I was hesitant to read this article but I was pleasantly surprised—What a great article, very joyful and peaceful. You have a talent of writing.

    Thank you.

  • @迪路
    @skrik

    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that "the universe is accelerating in its expansion" might be incorrect.
    Some speculate that it might just be a cycle of accelerated and decelerated expansion of the universe.
    Seriously speaking, I think all those who believe in religion are just a bunch of clowns. There's no need for any debate at all.
    A: God exists
    B: Since you say God exists, I'll take you to see God.
    The bullet fired made a "biubiubiu" sound.
    A died.

    Replies: @PhysicistDave, @skrik

    Thanks for your response;

    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect

    [search input]

    explain: big bang

    [response]

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble’s Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it’s the best model for cosmic origins. It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity

    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits. There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can’t understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff – I’ve got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand. I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was]. Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment? rgds

    • Replies: @迪路
    @skrik

    I'm not a professional physicist either. I'm just an enthusiast who often listens to the astronomy channel. The experts must know much more than me.
    Anyway, I think the current state of human research into the universe is quite depressing. If you devote 200% of your energy to something, you might actually only get a 1% return, and then publish a paper.
    Perhaps in the end, it will still need to return to engineering research.
    Our biopharmaceutical industry is like playing a gambling game. You have a 0.000001% chance of investing 10% of your effort and achieving a 1000% return.
    To be honest, I don't have much hope for the future of humanity. Because the distances between galaxies are very large, and the spatial gaps are huge. Under the limitation of the speed of light, humans will probably be confined to the small space of the solar system and live there forever.

    , @PhysicistDave
    @skrik

    skrik wrote to 迪路:



    It wasn’t an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits.
    ...
    Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment?
     
    I'm not sure if the words you bolded are your own words or something you pasted from elsewhere.

    Anyway, the bolded words are the sort of thing that physicists used to say a half century ago, back in my student days, but we really should not be saying that now.

    An accurate statement would be that, when you get very close in time to the Big Bang, our equations simply break down, and we therefore do not know what happened. I know that some people -- mainly pop-sci writers but also some physicists -- still say things like what you bolded, but I hope it is clear that we really should not jump from "Our equations just break down" to " creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity."

    Of course, it does sound awfully impressive, doesn't it? Makes it really sound as if we physicists are masters of the universe!

    I'm certainly not one to underplay the successes of natural science. In another thread, I have been annoying people by declaring that it is only natural science that has succeeded in uncovering general, non-obvious, substantive, positive, systematic, and well-verified truths about reality.

    But that does not mean natural science has all the answers. It's only that if we can't answer some deep questions (yet), no one else can, either. I can, in fact, list quite a few questions simply in physics to which we do not (yet) have answers: what happened exactly at the point of the Big Bang is certainly one of those questions.

    For whatever it's worth, my own guess -- and it's only a guess! -- is that matter, energy, space, and time were not created from a singularity at the Big Bang. I'm not even sure what that would mean, and I do know the relevant math and physics -- I'm writing a book on General Relativity.

    I would guess that there was in fact a time before the Big Bang.

    Maybe.

    skrik also wrote:.

    There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can’t understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff – I’ve got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand.
     
    It does appear that the universe is accelerating in its expansion -- this just means that the expansion seems to be speeding up -- but that is not certain.

    Cosmic inflation is an interesting, plausible idea as to what happened a very, very short time after the Big Bang: it might even be true, though there is no convincing evidence for it.

    Dark energy is the simplest explanation for the apparent speeding up of the universe's expansion. In Einstein's theory, dark energy definitely could have that effect. Whether it exists in the real world... well, maybe.

    skrik also wrote:

    I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was].
     
    I don't know of any current physicist who believes there really was an "initial singularity": that is merely a sign that the equations break down. We strongly suspect that the physical cause of the breakdown is quantum gravitational effects.

    Maybe.

    The one thing that we are reasonably sure of is what you said here (keeping in mind that the "dense point" was probably not a literal mathematical point, but just a very, very small volume):

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble’s Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it’s the best model for cosmic origins.
     
    Yeah, that's pretty much what we actually do know.

    I am, by the way, pretty confident in what I am posting in this comment, simply because it is pretty easy to be sure that there are a lot of things we don't know! (Now if you get me started on the paradoxes of quantum mechanics or the "hard problem" of consciousness...)

    Hope you had a Merry Christmas!

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    Replies: @skrik, @skrik

  • @Agent76
    Sep 12 2022 James Webb Telescope JUST *PROVED* The Big Bang Theory Wrong!
    
    Before its launch last year, the James Webb space telescope was avidly awaited. However, now that the most powerful and expensive telescope ever built is operational, the JWST is threatening to turn astronomy on its head with a single discovery. The latest JWST images have revealed that the big bang theory did not occur, driving the scientific community into a fury. What are the most recent JWST images? How do the images demonstrate that the Big Bang Theory was erroneous? Join us as we explore how the James Webb satellite telescope eventually disproved the big bang theory.

    https://youtu.be/voWUzJgEjC4?si=tMljH_fTzVk2HH4Z

    Replies: @skrik

    [search input]

    critique: Sep 12 2022 James Webb Telescope JUST *PROVED* The Big Bang Theory Wrong!

    [response]

    The claim that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) “proved” the Big Bang theory wrong is inaccurate and considered misinformation by the scientific community. The observations from JWST have provided new data that challenge specific models of early galaxy formation, but they do not disprove the foundational Big Bang theory itself, which is supported by a vast body of independent evidence.
    Critique of the Claim
    Misinterpretation of Findings: The initial reports of unexpectedly large and mature galaxies in the very early universe (a few hundred million years after the Big Bang) led to sensationalized headlines. These findings were surprising because existing models of galaxy formation predicted a slower assembly process.
    Challenging Models, Not the Theory: The core Big Bang theory describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot, dense state, and this is confirmed by observations like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and the abundance of light elements

    [my bolding] rgds

    • Agree: PhysicistDave
    • Thanks: Eustace Tilley (not)
    • Replies: @CelestiaQuesta
    @skrik

    So called “Big Bangs” are happening right before our eyes. Every “Black Hole” is a portal into another parallel dimension that resembles a “Big Bang”. Each dimension (parallel universe) is an extension of a master universe. The master universe an extension of a God particle from an infinite and ancient place that lay beyond the frontiers of any known universe.

    Replies: @skrik

  • @Verymuchalive
    @Joe Levantine

    I totally agree. So does Rurik. Not often we are in complete agreement.
    May the Great God commamd us to extirpate the malignant influence of Yahweh.
    Merry Christmas

    Replies: @Joe Levantine

    Thank you and Merry Christmas to you.

  • @Rurik

    You have “out bah humbugged” Scrooge himself.
     
    Perhaps the Bible isn't to be taken literally, and there is much folly in Christendom's fealty to ZOG.

    But what should transcend all of that, like Europe's beautiful cathedrals, is the Christmas spirit, that transcends science and nations and petty, partisan or tribal bickering, to appreciate the wonder and joy in a child's smile, on the spirit of this day.

    I too am cynical, and find fault with the world, but I try to set it aside, on this day. And see the good in all of us.

    Mock my sentimentality all you want, you Scrooges out there, but I still believe in the magic, so Hail the Yule!

    (there's nothing contradictory in the Yule, and Christmas, they are both part of our heritage, and I embrace them both ; )

    and a very Merry Christmas, to you all!

    Replies: @Bwana Bob, @PhysicistDave, @Dave Bowman

    My old pal Rurik wrote:

    Perhaps the Bible isn’t to be taken literally…

    But what should transcend all of that, like Europe’s beautiful cathedrals, is the Christmas spirit, that transcends science and nations and petty, partisan or tribal bickering, to appreciate the wonder and joy in a child’s smile, on the spirit of this day….

    and a very Merry Christmas, to you all!

    Ah, old pal, for once I will endorse one of your posts in its entirety.

    And I’ll add that, in my observation, that is also the sentiment of most atheists I know, including three of the “Four Horsemen” of the New Atheism, Dennett, Harris, and Dawkins, and even many Jews I know.

    Merry Christmas to all!

    “Et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis.”

    Dave Miller in Sacramento

    • Thanks: Rurik
  • @迪路
    @skrik

    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that "the universe is accelerating in its expansion" might be incorrect.
    Some speculate that it might just be a cycle of accelerated and decelerated expansion of the universe.
    Seriously speaking, I think all those who believe in religion are just a bunch of clowns. There's no need for any debate at all.
    A: God exists
    B: Since you say God exists, I'll take you to see God.
    The bullet fired made a "biubiubiu" sound.
    A died.

    Replies: @PhysicistDave, @skrik

    迪路 wrote to skrik:

    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect.

    The idea that the universe is accelerating is not essential to the Big Bang theory — indeed, prior to the 1990s, the standard version of the Big Bang theory held that the universe was decelerating.

    In any case, my fellow physicist Sabine Hossenfelder suggests that the paper’s conclusions are doubtful: she gives it a 6 out of 10 on her infamous BS meter (see here).

    Incidentally, while Sabine is of course not always right (no one is), she is a legitimate physicist who usually does know what she is talking about.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, Caltech, physics; PhD, Stanford, physics)

    • Replies: @迪路
    @PhysicistDave

    I know.
    What I mean is that perhaps due to the acceleration and deceleration phases, the changes in the universe might alternate between acceleration and deceleration... and thus no Big Bang would occur.
    In conclusion, things like dark energy and dark matter are far beyond the actual observational capabilities of humans.
    Those scientists in string theory even like to make things more complicated. Rather than trying to understand this, I suggest that humans should first solve the problem of artificial nuclear fusion.
    And there are things like gene editing.
    I used to work in the model animal laboratory. I carried out some vector engineering for antibody mice for my listed company.
    Human beings have simply not conducted sufficient research in the field of biological science. Moreover, too many ethical restrictions in the biological domain prevent us from advancing too rapidly... It's really a pity.

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

  • epebble wrote to Observator:

    [Obs] impossible to be literally “guided by a star,”

    [epeb] There is such a thing called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation and instruments like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_tracker that are built into ICBMs (which were built before GPS existed) as a fallback if inertial navigation (gyroscopes) fails.

    The Gospel of Matthew claims that somehow the Star led the Wise men uniquely to the stable in Bethlehem.

    And if you knew anything about navigation, or celestial mechanics, you would know that this is utter nonsense, which is Observator’s point.

    Try it: go out tonight, latch on to some star and figure out which newly born child that particular star is leading you to.

    Really — try it.

    The Gospels are very clearly what young people call “fanfic,” edifying fiction meant to entertain and strengthen believers’ faith.

    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53):

    Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

    And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

    And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,

    And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.

    Or do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe there was a mountain from which all kingdoms of earth can be seen (Matthew 4: 8-9):

    Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;

    And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.

    This is all quite obviously fiction, just like the children’s book The Littlest Angel, of which I was quite fond as a young child — except no one pretended that book was real.

    We know that early Christians made up countless examples of fanfic, some of which survives to this day, such as the Gospel of Peter and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas (not to be confused with the Gospel of Thomas), both of which even fundamentalists admit to be fictional. (see here for the Infancy of Gospel of Thomas, which is actually rather amusing).

    Increasingly, serious Biblical scholars are coming to recognize these obvious facts — google YouTube interviews with Robyn Faith Walsh, or read her book, if you would like more information.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, physics, Caltech; PhD, physics, Stanford)

    • Agree: epebble
    • Thanks: Eustace Tilley (not)
    • Replies: @epebble
    @PhysicistDave

    Moving star story is a myth. I was commenting on the general use of stars for navigation. If one wants to be skeptical of Christianity, there are far stronger pillars of faith that may be questioned. viz: Virgin birth, Resurrection, Substitutionary atonement, Transubstantiation ...

    Replies: @PhysicistDave

    , @Kapyong
    @PhysicistDave


    Do you think Matthew really expected his readers to believe that dead guys came out of their graves and wondered around Jerusalem right after Jesus died (Matthew 27: 50-53).
     
    Indeed.
    Those saints rose from their graves at the crucifixion, then later at the resurrection they travelled into town.

    So for those 1 & 3/4 days while Jesus was 'dead' (Friday noon till Sunday morn) those saints presumably just hung around their graves. (Must have been quite a surprise for those who visited during that time !)

    Somehow the resurrection of Jesus is fundamental to Christian belief, but the resurrection of all those saints in Jerusalem is not important to Christians.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @EliteCommInc., @EliteCommInc.

  • @saoirse
    @Eustace Tilley (not)


    No sayings of J.C. are more profound than this: You must become as little children to enter the Kingdom of Heaven.

    What does it really mean?
     
    It means all the puerile christ curmudgeons on TUR, and everywhere else, have qualified for instant citizenship in their mythical jew fiefdom.

    Replies: @Eustace Tilley (not)

    An earnest young Sophomore once cried through the land:
    “Fools! Hearken to me, for I now understand!
    The Ancients were morons compared unto me!
    I’ve been to a Kollidge and got muh Degree!
    I’ve got lotsa Science and that’s what you need!
    I’ve got all the answers and don’t need no creed!”

    A Sage in the forest was asked to reply.
    “This man’s in a prison that we call the ‘I’.
    Displaying scant knowledge, he deems himself high.
    His views shall seem vain in the wink of an eye
    When they’ve ruined the Earth and polluted the Sky.
    His epitaph: HERE LIES A REAL CLEVER GUY.”

  • @Observator
    It is actually impossible to be literally “guided by a star,” as a star’s position remains fixed in the heavens to a terrestrial observer. The traditional names and gifts of the Magi are not stated in the NT, with their story mentioned only in one Gospel, This element of the birth narrative has its roots in dynastic Egypt fourteen centuries earlier, when the birth in a stable of the future heretical Pharaoh Akhenaten was attended by a trio of powerful gift-bearing wizards.

    The star was likely added to the tale the evangelist spun to appear to harmonize the birth of Jesus with the prophecy in Numbers that “There shall arise a star out of Jacob.” “Star” is one of the honorifics of the anticipated Jewish Messiah. The one the Sanhedrin did accept as authentic, a century after Jesus, is known as bar Kochba, son of the star. After his defeat this was changed to bar Kosiba, son the liar, and the next Messiah as not seen for 1,500 years.

    No astronomer anywhere on the globe, from Babylon to China, recorded a supernova in that time period, denying objective evidence for what some have proposed as a possible reality-based explanation of what would pass into legend as the Christmas star.

    Replies: @Notsofast, @obwandiyag, @epebble

    impossible to be literally “guided by a star,”

    There is such a thing called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation and instruments like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_tracker that are built into ICBMs (which were built before GPS existed) as a fallback if inertial navigation (gyroscopes) fails.

  • @Incisive One

    Like a disproportionate number of people in science fiction, Arthur C. Clarke was a pedophile and I think the “children … playing in the waves” aren’t there in his blasphemous story just to set up the punch-line. Clarke settled on the tropical island of Sri Lanka in 1956, the year after he published “The Star.” Leftist Wikipedia says that he moved there “to pursue his interest in scuba diving.” I think that the move was also — and more importantly — to pursue his interest in undressed children playing in warm water.
     
    The creep was openly a pædophile and could be so only in a peædophile haven such as Sri Lanka. He had a big house in amongst the diplomatic mansions, with a big pool in the backyard. I have it on good authority (diplomat neighbours) that the pool was frequented by male children. He famously justified pædophilia with post-pubertal boys.

    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/notw-editor-spiked-paedophilia-scoop-on-arthur-c-clarke-for-fear-of-murdoch-7920816.html

    Replies: @JM

    ‘…only in a peædophile haven such as Sri Lanka.’

    True. In Sri Lanka ‘The Temple’ is synonymous with paedophilia.

  • @skrik
    @Tobias Langdon/AI summary

    In this way, the text advocates for a return to a faith-based understanding of the star, arguing that it nourishes the mind and spirit far more than Clarke's cynical portrayal
     
    I'm on record in here as an hard atheist but I generally don’t go around bashing believers. My point in a nutshell is that the universe is composed *only* of atoms and photons, and I give as proof the strongest piece of evidence = the big bang CMB. Yes, there is a sub-structure of quarks [see Feynman's “QED”], but since the big bang was *not* a creation event [all that is, ever was], but ‘simply’ a phase-change from super-dense to super-hot, expanding and cooling plasma [= protons, neutrons, electrons & photons] from BB + 1 second to ~380k years when it had cooled enough for atoms to form and the photons then free to flash out in all directions, it suffices to say ‘*only* of atoms and photons,’ leaving neither need nor place for any god. The reader is encouraged to consider the consequences of that ‘denial of existence’.

    However, then there's this:

    “God Angrily Clarifies 'Don't Kill' Rule”
    September 26, 2001
    https://theonion.com/god-angrily-clarifies-dont-kill-rule-1819566178/

    Quote:


    “Growing increasingly wrathful, God continued: “Can’t you people see? What are you, morons? There are a ton of different religious traditions out there, and different cultures worship Me in different ways. But the basic message is always the same: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Shintoism... every religious belief system under the sun, they all say you’re supposed to love your neighbors, folks! It’s not that hard a concept to grasp.”
    “Why would you think I’d want anything else? Humans don’t need religion or God as an excuse to kill each other - you’ve been doing that without any help from Me since you were freaking apes!” God said. “The whole point of believing in God is to have a higher standard of behavior. How obvious can you get?”
    “I’m talking to all of you, here!” continued God, His voice rising to a shout. “Do you hear Me? I don’t want you to kill anybody. I’m against it, across the board. How many times do I have to say it? Don’t kill each other anymore - ever! I’m fucking serious!””
     
    Comment: The criminality perpetrated by Israel, supported by the USA is an attack on the humanity of the entire human race; why does *nobody* move effectively to stop them? rgds

    Replies: @迪路

    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect.
    Some speculate that it might just be a cycle of accelerated and decelerated expansion of the universe.
    Seriously speaking, I think all those who believe in religion are just a bunch of clowns. There’s no need for any debate at all.
    A: God exists
    B: Since you say God exists, I’ll take you to see God.
    The bullet fired made a “biubiubiu” sound.
    A died.

    • Replies: @PhysicistDave
    @迪路

    迪路 wrote to skrik:


    Actually, I guess the Big Bang theory is probably incorrect.
    A recent article in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests that there is an error in the cosmic standard candle.
    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect.
     
    The idea that the universe is accelerating is not essential to the Big Bang theory -- indeed, prior to the 1990s, the standard version of the Big Bang theory held that the universe was decelerating.

    In any case, my fellow physicist Sabine Hossenfelder suggests that the paper's conclusions are doubtful: she gives it a 6 out of 10 on her infamous BS meter (see here).

    Incidentally, while Sabine is of course not always right (no one is), she is a legitimate physicist who usually does know what she is talking about.

    Dave Miller in Sacramento (BS, Caltech, physics; PhD, Stanford, physics)

    Replies: @迪路

    , @skrik
    @迪路

    Thanks for your response;


    Based on this standard, the conclusion that “the universe is accelerating in its expansion” might be incorrect
     
    [search input]

    explain: big bang
     
    [response]

    The Big Bang theory explains the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an incredibly hot, dense point, expanding and cooling to form the cosmos we see today, with evidence like expanding space (Hubble's Law) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) confirming it's the best model for cosmic origins. It wasn't an explosion in space, but an expansion of space itself, creating matter, energy, space, and time from a singularity
     
    [my bolding] Me: Not so sure about the bolded bits. There is a lot of BS flying around, this ‘universe is accelerating in its expansion’ flying along with ‘initial singularity’, ‘cosmic inflation’ and ‘dark energy’, say. Einstein said the speed of light is the cosmic speed-limit, and since I can't understand ‘accelerating expansion’ or ‘cosmic inflation’, I reject such wild stuff - I've got to get my hooks on reality somehow/somewhere so I stick to what I can read and understand. I also reject ‘initial singularity’ since I regard the big bang as genuine but ‘merely’ a phase-change, not a ‘creation event’, based on the conservation principles [what now is, always was]. Perhaps @PhysicistDave might care to comment? rgds

    Replies: @迪路, @PhysicistDave

  • @CelestiaQuesta
    Perhaps the star wasn’t a star, but a UAP/UFO alien craft sent from our true creator(s) to commemorate the arrival of a new born king of Christianity. The Three Wise Men were guided to Bethlehem by ancient aliens whose soul purpose throughout history are guardians of our destiny.
    There’s an untold story that is hidden from humanity with only a few select overlords in control of those secrets, for what reason only our creator(s) know.

    Merry Christmas

    Replies: @quantumsurge

    Excellent article, Tobias.

    In the scriptures a “star” can mean an angel (Rev 1:20; 9:1) because they fly in the air (Gen 21:17; Jgs 13:20) and exude light (Lk 2:13; Act 12:7; 2 Cor 11:14). The “star” that guided the wise men was of this angelic sort – it was not a stationary star in the heavens that was visible to everyone, but the light of an angel that appeared nightly to the wise men, drawing them westward until it directly “stood over” the very house where the Christ child was. Matthew 2:9-10. (cf, “mine Angel shall go before thee” Ex. 23:23; 32:34).

  • @Mr. Crowley
    The great revelation is that the Jews created Christianity as the original 'white guilt trip' (ages before the Hoaxlocaust, slavery, amerindian 'genocide', colonialism ) where whites (Romans) were held responsible for the death (i.e. he died for your 'sins') of Superjew. After this Semitic psychosis successfully disintegrated the white ruled Roman Empire into ruins & mongrels, the rest of the white race in Europe was targeted for infection via the Roman Catholic Church. nyk

    A.A.
    930

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @rockatansky, @Matt Lazarus, @Matt Lazarus, @saoirse, @Gerry, @Common Time, @A Handle, @Richard Gwyn

    Was your hero a pedophile as well as an atheist? How about you? Or are you just another common product of Talmudism?

  • @Notsofast
    say what you want about arthur c. clarke (and stanley kubrick for that matter, as well), but 2001: a space odyssey, was one of the most brilliant cinematic masterpieces ever made. if you want to talk about star babies, what about the reincarnated dave bowman flying back from jupiter as the star child, representing the next stage of evolution for humanity.

    isn't that what jesus was supposed to be? didn't he say that we should look to the christ within us, rather than idolize him, as some type of straw baby, born in a manger? wasn't he supposed to be here to help us develop our higher consciousness and improve ourselves as human beings, rather than be seen as some unobtainable ideal of superhuman perfection, to be slavishly worshiped and adored?

    that sounds kind of vainglorious for a perfect being, to me. just one mans opinion, i'm sure i will burn in hell, for harboring such heretical views, i just can't help it, something tells me it's what jesus would do.

    Replies: @obwandiyag, @Joe Levantine, @Carlo, @Corpse Tooth

    Despite his pederasty Clarke is one of the best SF authors both in style and ideas. And there’s a reason why Kubrick is revered by cinephiles.

    • Agree: Notsofast
  • @Vergissmeinnicht
    Well, speaking of beauty & poetry, religion & civilisational doom…

    Kill off mankind,
    And give the Earth a chance!
    Nature might find
    In her inheritance
    The seedlings of a race
    Less infinitely base.
     
    "Optimist" by Aleister Crowley.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @A Handle, @Corpse Tooth

    Crowley one of the earliest of acolytes of Transhumanism.

  • @Vergissmeinnicht
    Well, speaking of beauty & poetry, religion & civilisational doom…

    Kill off mankind,
    And give the Earth a chance!
    Nature might find
    In her inheritance
    The seedlings of a race
    Less infinitely base.
     
    "Optimist" by Aleister Crowley.

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @A Handle, @Corpse Tooth

    Interesting. Crowley sounds exactly like the more objectionable environmentalists to be found in the public square today!

  • @Mr. Crowley
    The great revelation is that the Jews created Christianity as the original 'white guilt trip' (ages before the Hoaxlocaust, slavery, amerindian 'genocide', colonialism ) where whites (Romans) were held responsible for the death (i.e. he died for your 'sins') of Superjew. After this Semitic psychosis successfully disintegrated the white ruled Roman Empire into ruins & mongrels, the rest of the white race in Europe was targeted for infection via the Roman Catholic Church. nyk

    A.A.
    930

    Replies: @Paul Barbara, @rockatansky, @Matt Lazarus, @Matt Lazarus, @saoirse, @Gerry, @Common Time, @A Handle, @Richard Gwyn

    I’m trying to parse out the theory. Christianity was created by Jews before the time of Christ to trick the gentiles. Also, Roman Emperor Tacitus (secretly) adopted Christianity around 200AD because he thought it was a nice pacifist religion to trick the Jews with, to make them less warlike. But the Jews didn’t take to the religion at all, and the Roman Empire did. This is what I can glean from listening to Adam Green. I’m sure I’m missing some steps, but isn’t this the gist of it?

    • Replies: @saoirse
    @A Handle

    Keep listening to Green. He's as to-the-point on the 'christian problem' as there is out there at the moment.

  • @Eustace Tilley (not)
    @saoirse

    You have "out bah humbugged" Scrooge himself.

    No sayings of J.C. are more profound than this: You must become as little children to enter the Kingdom of Heaven.

    What does it really mean?

    Replies: @saoirse

    No sayings of J.C. are more profound than this: You must become as little children to enter the Kingdom of Heaven.

    What does it really mean?

    It means all the puerile christ curmudgeons on TUR, and everywhere else, have qualified for instant citizenship in their mythical jew fiefdom.

    • LOL: Cloud Posternuke
    • Replies: @Eustace Tilley (not)
    @saoirse

    An earnest young Sophomore once cried through the land:
    "Fools! Hearken to me, for I now understand!
    The Ancients were morons compared unto me!
    I've been to a Kollidge and got muh Degree!
    I've got lotsa Science and that's what you need!
    I've got all the answers and don't need no creed!"

    A Sage in the forest was asked to reply.
    "This man's in a prison that we call the 'I'.
    Displaying scant knowledge, he deems himself high.
    His views shall seem vain in the wink of an eye
    When they've ruined the Earth and polluted the Sky.
    His epitaph: HERE LIES A REAL CLEVER GUY."

  • Australia and Britain are on opposite sides of the globe. But mind annihilates distance and the mind of a leading Irish ethicist has recently pondered events in these two widely separated countries. Yes, the Trotskyist libertarian Brendan O’Neill has raised two very interesting questions about two pairs of energetic Muslims, one pair in Australia, the...
  • @lafiotrondet
    To add insult to injury, the Bondi beach shooting is most likely a false flag used by Zionist to try to restore their status as victims and get some sympathy from the naive Gentiles.

    Although you'd have to be really suffering from amnesia or stupidity to suddenly think that genocide perpetrators are victims.

    Just ask the questions:

    1/ who profits?
    2/ And who is using the occasion to impose new totalitarian laws?

    And you'll know that neither Australian nor Palestinian supporters profit form this massacre, so it must be someone else behind it.

    Ps: Fascism by the inventor of fascism, Benito Mussolini is, I quote: 'the merging of corporate and state power'. The definition has been changed to suit later agendas.

    Replies: @Che Guava, @Twodees Partain, @JesusWasAGayJew, @DKisAntiSelenite, @Biggles, @Hrw-500, @cat thunder, @Gray M STANTON

    ATTENTION: lafiotrondet

    1. Thank you for sharing your perspective on the staged Bondi Beach False Flag shooting. Sensitive topics like this require careful consideration and a commitment to factual accuracy.

    2. While your document raises questions about WHO may benefit from such events and references historical definitions of fascism, it is important to avoid unsupported claims about groups or individuals. Speculation without evidence can lead to misinformation and division.

    3. To encourage constructive discussion, I suggest focusing on verified facts, considering diverse viewpoints, and maintaining respectful dialogue. Consulting reputable sources or expert analyses can help ensure the conversation remains grounded and informative.

    4. What’s more, your statement about “sympathy from the naive Gentiles” is incorrect. Jews are in fact the “Goyim” or “gentiles”, which is often misunderstood. The Ashkenazim trace their ancestry to Ashkenaz, a descendant of Japheth and Noah, indicating Gentile origins.

    NOTE: This link is informative and helpful for understanding this falsehood and general information about the Jews (imposters – all of them).

    https://qed.exposed/2025/05/04/destroyers-of-the-world-podcast-series-the-wests-conflict-with-russia/

    Respectfully,

    Gray M. STANTON
    QED Podcast Host
    https://qed.exposed/

  • @Mr. Crowley
    And these are the same mongrels who imposed Christianity upon the white race over a thousand years ago to create an environment profitable for Jews.

    Their basic logic was : 'If we can get these dummies (goyim) to worship a Jew and believe they're guilty or responsible for killing him due to their 'sins' (total delusional nonsense of course)--then that will greatly facilitate our evolving increasing control over their societies.'

    And it worked wonders for centuries until Hitler & the Nazis came along & began viewing the 'Jewish problem' from a scientific- biological position instead of a moronic 'religious' one. Thus the Christian con game that they were some 'elect people of God' was over & now were nothing more than deranged dysgenic unfit weirdos. The Jew realized he was in existential trouble now, once the Commie Jesus/Marx humanitarian garbage wasn't believed in anymore. Ergo the demolition of Nazi Germany & the postwar inundation of the white West with millions of wogs to prevent natural selection being applied to white civilization ever again. That's their plan anyway. nyk

    A.A.

    Replies: @John Dael, @bj0311, @Katrinka, @Hasbarahateschrist, @rockatansky, @Gray M STANTON

    Dear A.A.,

    I appreciate your willingness to discuss these important historical topics. However, I must respectfully clarify that the claim regarding ‘Jews being responsible for the death of Jesus’ is not supported by credible historical or forensic evidence. The reality is far more nuanced, involving a range of social, political, and legal factors of the time.

    If you are open to exploring the subject further, I encourage you to listen to my podcast, WHERE I present the irrefutable facts and forensic evidence from reputable sources. I believe you will find said discussion both enlightening and thought-provoking.

    https://qed.exposed/2025/01/10/destroyers-of-the-world-podcast-series-the-jews-did-not-kill-jesus/

    https://qed.exposed/2025/02/07/destroyers-of-the-world-podcast-series-the-chosen-people-syndrome/

    Thank you for considering a broader perspective.

    Respectfully,

    Gray M. STANTON
    QED Podcast Host

  • Varsk’vlavi. That’s a strange word from a strange language. At least, it’s a strange word if your mother-tongue is English and not Georgian, the mother-tongue of Joseph Stalin. As a boy, Stalin himself would have found the word right at the beginning of the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew: Yes, varsk’vlavi, ვარსკვლავი, means...
  • Sep 12 2022 James Webb Telescope JUST *PROVED* The Big Bang Theory Wrong!
    
    Before its launch last year, the James Webb space telescope was avidly awaited. However, now that the most powerful and expensive telescope ever built is operational, the JWST is threatening to turn astronomy on its head with a single discovery. The latest JWST images have revealed that the big bang theory did not occur, driving the scientific community into a fury. What are the most recent JWST images? How do the images demonstrate that the Big Bang Theory was erroneous? Join us as we explore how the James Webb satellite telescope eventually disproved the big bang theory.


    Video Link

    • Replies: @skrik
    @Agent76

    [search input]


    critique: Sep 12 2022 James Webb Telescope JUST *PROVED* The Big Bang Theory Wrong!
     
    [response]

    The claim that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) "proved" the Big Bang theory wrong is inaccurate and considered misinformation by the scientific community. The observations from JWST have provided new data that challenge specific models of early galaxy formation, but they do not disprove the foundational Big Bang theory itself, which is supported by a vast body of independent evidence.
    Critique of the Claim
    Misinterpretation of Findings: The initial reports of unexpectedly large and mature galaxies in the very early universe (a few hundred million years after the Big Bang) led to sensationalized headlines. These findings were surprising because existing models of galaxy formation predicted a slower assembly process.
    Challenging Models, Not the Theory: The core Big Bang theory describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot, dense state, and this is confirmed by observations like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and the abundance of light elements
     
    [my bolding] rgds

    Replies: @CelestiaQuesta

  • @Pyre
    @Notsofast

    Hyksos people were not proto Jews but proto Turks who were called Palesgians before being called Hyksos by the Egyptians. Entire Levant belonged to Turks who created ALL of the history and religion in the Middle East, west Asia, Levant, Egypt, Europe, Asia well, pretty much everywhere.
    Jewish people were called Habiru. Study this. Lookup the meaning of it. Jewish virtual encyclopedia confirms it. They are stealing Turkish history bit by bit and selling them as their own to you while constantly trying to destroy them. This is the very tip of the iceberg! You are all believing in lies, Jewish lies.
    Let me know if you want to hear more truths.

    Replies: @Notsofast, @Brás Cubas, @Kapyong

    Hyksos people were not proto Jews but proto Turks who were called Palesgians before being called Hyksos by the Egyptians.

    Josephus (per Manetho) equates the Hyksos with the Hebrews’ forefathers (Against Apion 15 (93).)

    So does Eusebius (Chronography 57, per Manetho.)

    So does Tatian (To the Greeks, Ch. 38, per Ptolemy of Mendes.)

    So too does Theophilus (to Autolycus, Ch. 20)

  • Anonymous[294] • Disclaimer says:
    @JunkyardDog
    @Catdompanj

    Eric Voegelin wrote in so many words that if the Son of God came into this world at a time of conflicting religious beliefs and practices and unified it all while performing miracles, every man and woman in the world would get down on his or her knee, just so long as His name isn’t Jesus Christ. About the first lesson in the Bible is non serviam, or “I will not serve,” and it’s as applicable today as when first written down ages ago.

    More recently, in David Bentley Hart’s 2009 book Atheist Delusions, The Christian Revolution and Its Fashionable Enemies, this Orthodox Christian polemicist positively goes to town on village idiots like Dawkins, Dennett, and Hitchens, proving they’re basically ignoramuses in their understanding of Christianity and history in the first place and guilty of bad faith in the second.

    These popular atheists, like the anti-Christian commenters here ant TUR, are not nice people, as their writing makes clear. Their views on Christianity aren’t so much disbelief as they’re a medium for expressing hatred of their fellow man and excuse for, in many cases, a sexually degenerate life quite possibly like Arthur C. Clarke’s.

    Replies: @Blodgie, @Anonymous

    These popular atheists, like the anti-Christian commenters here ant TUR, are not nice people, as their writing makes clear. Their views on Christianity aren’t so much disbelief as they’re a medium for expressing hatred of their fellow man and excuse for, in many cases, a sexually degenerate life quite possibly like Arthur C. Clarke’s.

    I don’t mean this comment to be mean but comical. When you refer to those who are “sexually degenerate” are you also referring to the greatest degenerate of all time: none other than Jesus, who bore no children? Same with the Apostle Paul. You meant immoral?

  • Anonymous[294] • Disclaimer says:
    @Catdompanj
    What Clarke did was what all athiests do, attack Christianity not deism. On paper, yes they believe there is no God or God's. But in reality, Christianity is curiously their sole target. They'll readily ridicule the very idea of a Son of God, born to a human woman who is crucified (dying for our sins) and resurrecting 3 days later. They'll argue against God with childish rants about sickness and illness indicating a god that cruel couldn't possibly exist. I feel these arguments aren't valid arguments against God's existence but I can appreciate their reluctance to believe in God and some of the stories of the Bible. But all their contortions are made solely to denigrate Christianity.

    As athiests (a religion in itself, blind belief with no proof) can readily point out what they see as absurdities in the Bible, yet go suddenly mute when it comes to ridiculing the Old Testament, hmmmm. They also, despite the easy targets ("absurdities") Hinduism presents, like an Elephant god or an 8 armed female god, avoid criticizing Hinduism. They'll mock the Christian God as a "flying spaghetti monster", but ignore the blue, 8 spaghetti armed Shiva. Isn't that an easier target to ridicule than Jesus Christ if your goal is to point out the absurdities in deism????

    Also mentioned over and over by a resident commenter here, "Christianity is a Jewish creation". Heck, that may even be true. But like all athiests he only attacks Christianity. Believe what you want, but if you athiests had an ounce of integrity, you'd attack all religion on an equal basis, but you don't. You save all your pithy one-liners for us Christians. Even better you'll ridicule sinning Christians for not following a Book you don't even believe in.. No worries, we Christians were told in the Good Book that this would happen.

    Replies: @JunkyardDog, @Che Guava, @Anonymous, @PhysicistDave

    What Clarke did was what all atheists do, attack Christianity not deism. On paper, yes they believe there is no God or God’s. But in reality, Christianity is curiously their sole target…. Even better you’ll ridicule sinning Christians for not following a Book you don’t even believe in. No worries, we Christians were told in the Good Book that this would happen.” – CATDOMPANJ

    What Catdompanj(above) doesn’t seem to understand is religion is a lack of faith, a quest for security in certainty, and that Christianity is not spiritual.

    From everything we can learn from scriptures and from modern social psychology about cognitive dissonance, humans live in a constant state of anxiety (Kierkegaard) and repressed nervousness of doubt about their beliefs, most of all religious beliefs. This is why ancient rulers have their soldiers march into combat with some sacred book (Marcus Aurelius’s “Meditations”, Hitler’s use of Tacitus’s “Germania”, Joshua’s lost “Book of the Wars of the Lord” referenced in Numbers 21, Saint Bernard’s war charged “letters to the Pope to liberate Jews from Muslim oppression”, or perhaps resurrecting Hal Lindsey’s 1974 evangelical dispensationalist book “The Coming Russian Invasion of Israel”, etc.). To get parents to allow their children to be sent to war requires certitude about the righteousness of one’s cause. Sure, there are gnostic cults but even these are used for motivating war (The Dead Sea Scrolls “The War Scrolls” of James the Righteous (Jesus’s brother?) resisting Roman occupation). Even during peacetime, sacred scripture is utilized for control of the political economy (Constantine’s Bible to legitimatize serfdom as described by Joe Atwill’s Caesar’s Messiah).

    Persecution and martyrdom are used to provide a strengthening of belief. When I ask Christians if they have any doubts about their beliefs or the authority of the Pope, they answer me that to be a Christian is to believe absolutely. This is despite that the word faith implies doubt, even the necessity of acknowledging doubt (Erasmus, In Praise of Folly, 1511; Peter Enns, The Sin of Certainty, 1989, and Peter Berger, In Praise of Doubt, 2009). This stance affirms humans must inescapably live with inconclusive information on the ultimate meaning of things. This also means that social institutions are not given by God’s Law, by the divinity of Popes, the charisma of some leader, or by some prophecy. To deny uncertainty is bad faith (Sartre the atheist). Neither is Christianity a prescription for a fuller, more self-actualized, successful life or prosperity.

    Even though Christianity may have been devised by Roman emperors, there is the inevitable workings of what Hegel called “The Cunning of Reason”. Meaning even the most selfish or viciousness of individuals or states, may achieve its own grand, unseen purpose and rational plan. Unintended consequences, the deeds of world-historic figures such as Caesar or Napoleon, whose actions are driven by self-interest and passions, may serve Reason’s larger plan, world changing events are driven by passions not benevolence, and moral progress may only be understood retrospectively, using human folly and ambition to reveal its liberating goal. To Christians the only certainty is death and the belief that there is something beyond it.

    Moreover, Christianity comes from the outside, not the inner depths of religious experience. The Christian Faith is not a spiritual concern. God, or Christ, confronts one from the outside. Ergo, Christianity proclaims religion as an act of faith not certainty. Moreover, Christianity cannot be reduced to moralism for humans “do not know what they do”, they are subject to unintended consequences, the actions of humans are always covered by deceit, and as Machiavelli noted “hatred is gained as much by good works as by evil”. We are all “moral fools” and “morally fooled” (Erasmus).

    I am no longer an observant institutionalized Christian nor an atheist, nor a Christian apologist, but Christians should reject both Clarke’s atheist misconceptions and Catdompanj’s bad faith.

    • Replies: @Catdompanj
    @Anonymous

    All that verbal diarrhea just proved my point.

  • @Carlo
    @Notsofast

    There is this English film critic and academic, who is a great fan of Kubrick and has full access to his archive, who said that in the "2001" movie Kubrick basically subverted all themes in the original screenplay by Clarke and is in fact a total criticism of things that sci-fi writes and fans are so fond of: space travel, AI, transhumanism, alien life (especially the idea that aliens created us, which is one of the main themes of Clarke's original idea). Here is one of his analysis where he exposes his arguments:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYcekxnsjyY

    Replies: @Notsofast

    clarke and kubrick collaborated on this project for four years from 1964 to 1968, kubrick contacted clake wanting to make a sci fi movie. they had endless discussions over that time and although clarke found its narrative somewhat confusing, he eventually recognized the genius of kubricks approach, feeling it to be even more profound, than his original work. clarke adds clarification to the more disjoint elements of in the film in his book and i would recommend reading the book as well as seeing the movie for a fuller understanding.

    i see zero evidence of what your critic speaks, the scene with the troglodyte and the monolith proves his analysis to be wrong, from the get go. i see nothing of worth in his other criticism and only thought provoking warning of the dangers of a.i., that was overcome by bowman’s human intellect to allow his journey to be completed.

  • @Common Time
    @Commentator Mike

    ..the British aristocracy is notorious for PEDERASTY… just like the French for prostitution, and Russians for barbarianism…!

    Replies: @Commentator Mike

    the British aristocracy is notorious for PEDERASTY… just like the French for prostitution, and Russians for barbarianism…!

    What is “barbarianism”? Do you mean crude and coarse brutality when they’re drunk? During forced sexual acts?

  • @Pyre
    @Notsofast

    Hyksos people were not proto Jews but proto Turks who were called Palesgians before being called Hyksos by the Egyptians. Entire Levant belonged to Turks who created ALL of the history and religion in the Middle East, west Asia, Levant, Egypt, Europe, Asia well, pretty much everywhere.
    Jewish people were called Habiru. Study this. Lookup the meaning of it. Jewish virtual encyclopedia confirms it. They are stealing Turkish history bit by bit and selling them as their own to you while constantly trying to destroy them. This is the very tip of the iceberg! You are all believing in lies, Jewish lies.
    Let me know if you want to hear more truths.

    Replies: @Notsofast, @Brás Cubas, @Kapyong

    Are you commenter Odyssey’s Turkish twin?

  • @Che Guava
    @Commentator Mike

    Yeah, good point.

    Never been to any of those places, but north African places are famous for it in literature. That was the main reason for William Burroughs and Bryon Gysin (⁠among several others⁠) having been there.

    Anthony Burgess, who I'm pretty sure wasn't a pederast or homosexual, places his send-up of Somerset Maugham in his novel Earthly Powers there, although AFAIK, Maugham never was there. Also, from what I've read, Maugham was likely a homosexual, but never a pederast. Also, underrated as a writer these days, I greatly enjoy what I have read of his works. Since, as Burgess also does in his Malayan Trilogy (⁠where, in parts, Burgess is also satirising Maugham⁠), Maugham used gossip and knowledge at times, so it wasn't entirely fictional, many people hated him for having used their unhappy situations to write very readable tales.

    Clarke was never arrested for buggering boys in Sri Lanka, although I know from conversations with people from there that he was somewhat famous for it. So, there is that. Really, it seems to prove your point.

    Replies: @Commentator Mike

    In his autobiography Anthony Burgess mentions that he used to screw a 14 year old dance girl in Malaysia that worked in one of those dance halls customers used to pay to dance with the girls working in them, sort of like hostesses in today’s karaoke and go go bars. He also mentions that when he stayed in a native long house in Malaysia they slipped him a very young girl into his bed at night which was part of their customary hospitality and he gladly accepted.

    Some people tried to sue him in Singapore because they recognised themselves as characters in his novels although he changed their names. I don’t know what the outcome was.

    I’ve read a few of his books but not Earthly Powers. Loved the Malay Trilogy and Devil of a State. I also read A Clockwork Orange. Maugham – only read some short stories set in the Far East.

    • Replies: @Che Guava
    @Commentator Mike

    I haven't read his autobio. (⁠yet). Should, I guess.

    It strikes me now that all of the great English dystopian works (⁠Brave New World, 1984, A Clockwork Orange) fall short of how bad the place has now become. Not that I've ever been there. In each case, no matter how bad, England was still England, although under U.S. control in 1984 (which is a bizarre point of the background in that book, Ingsoc is clearly from the British Labour Party, how could they export it to the U.S.A.?), in Brave New World, it's world government control, but except for Mustafa Mond himself, perhaps Bernard Marx, and the Indian Gamma stewards on an airliner, it's just England under a new system.

    Burgess wrote at least two other dystopian S.F. novels, The Wanting Seed, which featured compulsory homosexuality (and was years earlier than A Clockwork Orange), and 1985, which featured Mohammedan infiltration and control. Perhaps they bring us almost up to date on dystopia there.

    All worth reading, although from recollection, 1985 wasn't very well written.

    I am puzzled by A Clockwork Orange, the original edition had the Nadsat glossary at the end. I later read an edition where Alex de Large sits in a pub deciding to be a family man.

    Burgess claimed that it was his original edition. However, the first edition I read was from a Brit. publisher, and had the Nadsat glossary at the end.

    I can see why he would have opposed the glossary, anyone not stupid could work most of it out, but the last chapter seems to have been tacked on, and wasn't in early editions.

  • @MGB
    @Notsofast

    Good god. You probably think Frank Zappa is a genius too.

    Replies: @Blodgie, @Notsofast

    what does frank zappa have to do with this? you assuming i like frank zappa, would be like me assuming you like overly complex, undependable, under performing british sports cars, maybe it’s true but what bearing does that have on the discussion?

    zappa was an excellent musician but i do not feel any sense of spiritual transcendence from listening to his music. jimi hendrix on the other hand gives me exactly that. at the same time jimi was recording “axis bold as love”, clarke and kubrick were collaborating on 2001: a space odyssey, a masterpiece of cinematography, blending an incredible musical score and thought provoking insight to the rise of man as the dominant species on the planet, as well as his future and his place in the cosmos.

    it’s not an easily digested flim and it requires some thought as to the meaning behind it all, some parts can take years to understand, such as when dave bowman appears to be aging at a fantastic rate, growing older every time he looks in the mirror. now i find myself seemingly in the same situation, as time seems to compress the older i get, spinning faster and faster, as i draw closer to the drain.

    the movie got deeper, every time i viewed it and remember, this was shot in film, no cgi, all stop motion animation and models. kubrick was such a genius, he got you to believe the u.s. sent men to the moon and back. it’s hard to appreciate the craftsmanship behind it, in this day and age of donald trump dumping shit on americans from a fighter jet and bearded belly dancers, dancing on palestinian graves. there are very few flims that hold up so well, over the ages.

  • @Rurik

    You have “out bah humbugged” Scrooge himself.
     
    Perhaps the Bible isn't to be taken literally, and there is much folly in Christendom's fealty to ZOG.

    But what should transcend all of that, like Europe's beautiful cathedrals, is the Christmas spirit, that transcends science and nations and petty, partisan or tribal bickering, to appreciate the wonder and joy in a child's smile, on the spirit of this day.

    I too am cynical, and find fault with the world, but I try to set it aside, on this day. And see the good in all of us.

    Mock my sentimentality all you want, you Scrooges out there, but I still believe in the magic, so Hail the Yule!

    (there's nothing contradictory in the Yule, and Christmas, they are both part of our heritage, and I embrace them both ; )

    and a very Merry Christmas, to you all!

    Replies: @Bwana Bob, @PhysicistDave, @Dave Bowman

    Well said Rurik. You don’t have to be a believer to recognize and appreciate the spirit. They may seem corny but I’ve been enjoying these Jacquie Lawson E-cards today:

    https://www.jacquielawson.com/card/santas-busy-night/3537859

    Merry Christmas

    • Thanks: Rurik
  • @Notsofast
    say what you want about arthur c. clarke (and stanley kubrick for that matter, as well), but 2001: a space odyssey, was one of the most brilliant cinematic masterpieces ever made. if you want to talk about star babies, what about the reincarnated dave bowman flying back from jupiter as the star child, representing the next stage of evolution for humanity.

    isn't that what jesus was supposed to be? didn't he say that we should look to the christ within us, rather than idolize him, as some type of straw baby, born in a manger? wasn't he supposed to be here to help us develop our higher consciousness and improve ourselves as human beings, rather than be seen as some unobtainable ideal of superhuman perfection, to be slavishly worshiped and adored?

    that sounds kind of vainglorious for a perfect being, to me. just one mans opinion, i'm sure i will burn in hell, for harboring such heretical views, i just can't help it, something tells me it's what jesus would do.

    Replies: @obwandiyag, @Joe Levantine, @Carlo, @Corpse Tooth

    There is this English film critic and academic, who is a great fan of Kubrick and has full access to his archive, who said that in the “2001” movie Kubrick basically subverted all themes in the original screenplay by Clarke and is in fact a total criticism of things that sci-fi writes and fans are so fond of: space travel, AI, transhumanism, alien life (especially the idea that aliens created us, which is one of the main themes of Clarke’s original idea). Here is one of his analysis where he exposes his arguments:

    • Thanks: Brás Cubas
    • Replies: @Notsofast
    @Carlo

    clarke and kubrick collaborated on this project for four years from 1964 to 1968, kubrick contacted clake wanting to make a sci fi movie. they had endless discussions over that time and although clarke found its narrative somewhat confusing, he eventually recognized the genius of kubricks approach, feeling it to be even more profound, than his original work. clarke adds clarification to the more disjoint elements of in the film in his book and i would recommend reading the book as well as seeing the movie for a fuller understanding.

    i see zero evidence of what your critic speaks, the scene with the troglodyte and the monolith proves his analysis to be wrong, from the get go. i see nothing of worth in his other criticism and only thought provoking warning of the dangers of a.i., that was overcome by bowman's human intellect to allow his journey to be completed.

  • @Joe Levantine
    @Notsofast

    “ that sounds kind of vainglorious for a perfect being, to me. just one mans opinion, i’m sure i will burn in hell, for harboring such heretical views, i just can’t help it, something tells me it’s what jesus would do.”

    I am sure the Divine One would not punish you for believing in Christ principle rather than Christ dogma. Your dogged defence of the truth and of fair play among imperfect humans is what Christ principle was meant to be.

    Replies: @Verymuchalive, @Paul Barbara

    I totally agree. So does Rurik. Not often we are in complete agreement.
    May the Great God commamd us to extirpate the malignant influence of Yahweh.
    Merry Christmas

    • Thanks: Rurik
    • Replies: @Joe Levantine
    @Verymuchalive

    Thank you and Merry Christmas to you.

  • ..although they invented him, the Jews don’t believe that, “Jesus Christ” even existed, yet the dumb Goyim are fighting and dying for this crooked fairytale!

  • The Star of Bethlehem bore a simple but stupendous message: Here is the Son of God. Jesus was a star-baby, born humbly on Earth but heralded in the Heavens. His star brought Kings from the East, the Three Wise Men, the Magi whose fleeting appearance in a single Gospel has inspired millennia of Christian art, literature and legend.

    In the movie Zeitgeist, the meaning of the three wise men is explained:

    the three kings follow the star of the east to find the birth of the sun god

    The gif was created from the movie Zeitgeist, here is the relevant clip:

    God Sun – Zeitgeist movie clip

    Clearly, the story of the wise men showing up to the birth of Jesus, is the anthromorphication of astrotheology. IOW it is myth, not to be taken literal. Jesus was never born except on paper, the new sun god had all the characteristics of previous ones. Jesus was not born, and not born in Bethlehem, not born in the so-called holy land. To believe it literal is intellectual suicide.

    • Agree: LucienMidnight
    • Thanks: Eustace Tilley (not)
  • But it’s not a star of peace as one would secular understand it.

    It is a star of war. And that war is is definitively understood as spiritual in nature as described by scripture and it can and does manifest in the “natural world” humans inhabit.

    And that war is very real.

    Jesus, my peace I give unto you, but not as the world gives. The birth of Christ set in motion a war like no other.

    Mathew 10

    “16 “Behold, I send you out as sheep in the midst of wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents and harmless[f] as doves. 17 But beware of men, for they will deliver you up to councils and scourge you in their synagogues. 18 You will be brought before governors and kings for My sake, as a testimony to them and to the Gentiles. 19 But when they deliver you up, do not worry about how or what you should speak. For it will be given to you in that hour what you should speak; 20 for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.

    21 “Now brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death. 22 And you will be hated by all for My name’s sake. But he who endures to the end will be saved. 23 When they persecute you in this city, flee to another. For assuredly, I say to you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

    https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2010&version=NKJV

    • Thanks: Agent76
  • But it’s not a star of peace as one would secular understand it.

    It is a star of war. And that war is is definitively understood as spiritual in nature as described by scripture and it can and does manifest in the “natural world” humans inhabit.

    And that war is very real.

    Jesus, my peace I give unto you, but not as the world gives. The birth of Christ set in motion a war like no other.

  • “There are two kinds of people: those who say to God, ‘Thy will be done,’ and those to whom God says, ‘All right, then, have it your way.”
    C. S. Lewis

    Apr 24, 2023 Evolution vs. God Uncensored

    In Evolution vs. God, you’ll hear expert testimony from leading evolutionary scientists from some of the world’s top universities: