CN104356236A - 抗程序性死亡配体1(pd-l1)的人单克隆抗体 - Google Patents
抗程序性死亡配体1(pd-l1)的人单克隆抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104356236A CN104356236A CN201410639719.XA CN201410639719A CN104356236A CN 104356236 A CN104356236 A CN 104356236A CN 201410639719 A CN201410639719 A CN 201410639719A CN 104356236 A CN104356236 A CN 104356236A
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Abstract
本发明提供以高亲和力特异性结合PD-L1的分离的单克隆抗体,特别是人单克隆抗体。还提供了编码本发明的抗体的核酸分子,用于表达本发明的抗体的表达载体、宿主细胞和方法。还提供了包含本发明的抗体的免疫偶联物、双特异性分子和药物组合物。本发明还公开了检测PD-L1的方法,以及使用抗-PD-L1抗体治疗包括癌症和传染病在内的各种疾病的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2006年06月30日和发明名称为“抗程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)的人单克隆抗体”的200680028238.9号发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2005年7月1日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/696,426的权利;该申请全文引入本文作为参考。
发明背景
程序性死亡1(PD-1)是CD28受体家族的成员,包括CD28、CTLA-4、ICOS、PD-1和BTLA。该家族的最初成员CD28和ICOS通过对添加单克隆抗体后增强的T细胞增殖的功能效果而发现(Hutloff等(1999)Nature 397:263-266;Hansen等(1980)Immunogenics10:247-260)。已经鉴定了PD-1的两种细胞表面糖蛋白配体,PD-L1和PD-L2,已经表明它们在与PD-1结合后下调T细胞活化和细胞因子分泌(Freeman等(2000)J Exp Med 192:1027-34;Latchman等(2001)Nat Immunol 2:261-8;Carter等(2002)Eur J Immunol 32:634-43;Ohigashi等(2005)Clin Cancer Res 11:2947-53)。PD-L1(B7-H1)和PD-L2(B7-DC)都是可与PD-1结合、但是不与其他CD28家族成员结合的B7同源物(Blank等(2004))。也已经显示通过IFN-γ刺激上调细胞表面上PD-L1的表达。
PD-L1的表达已经在几种鼠和人类癌症中发现,包括人肺癌、卵巢癌和结肠癌和各种骨髓瘤(Iwai等(2002)PNAS 99:12293-7;Ohigashi等(2005)Clin Cancer Res 11:2947-53)。已经提示PD-L1通过提高抗原特异性T细胞克隆的细胞凋亡而在肿瘤免疫中起作用(Dong等(2002)Nat Med 8:793-800)。也已经提示PD-L1可能与肠粘膜炎症有关,并且PD-L1的抑制防止了与结肠炎有关的萎缩病(wasting disease)(Kanai等(2003)J Immunol 171:4156-63)。
发明概述
本发明提供与PD-L1结合并且表现出许多所需特性的分离的单克隆抗体,特别是人单克隆抗体。这些特性包括与人PD-L1高亲和力结合。另外,已经显示本发明的抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应中提高T细胞增殖、IFN-γ分泌和IL-2分泌。
在一个方面,本发明涉及一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体表现出至少一种以下性质:
(a)以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(b)在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(c)在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;
(d)在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌;
(e)刺激抗体应答;或
(f)逆转T调节细胞对T细胞效应细胞和/或树突细胞的作用。
优选地,该抗体为人抗体,但是在替代实施方案中,该抗体也可以是,例如,鼠抗体、嵌合抗体或人源化抗体。
在特定实施方案中,该抗体以5×10-8M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以1×10-8M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以5×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以5×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,或以1×10-8M至1×10-10M之间的KD与人PD-L1结合。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体与参比抗体交叉竞争结合PD-L1,所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列的人重链可变区;和
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列的人轻链可变区。
在各种实施方案中,所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:6的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:16的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:7的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:17的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:8的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:18的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:9的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:19的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
或所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-18基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-3基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 3-9基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VK L6基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK L15基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明甚至进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK A27基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。本发明甚至进一步提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK L18基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 1-18基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L6的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L6的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 1-3基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L15的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK A27的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 3-9基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L15的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含:
(a)人VH 3-9基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L18的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包括:
包含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区;和包含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区,其中:
(a)重链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;
(b)轻链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;
(c)该抗体与人PD-L1特异性结合。
优选地,重链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。优选地,重链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括重链可变区和轻链可变区,其中:
(a)重链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;
(b)轻链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;并且
(c)该抗体以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合。
在一个优选实施方案中,抗体还包括至少一种以下的性质:
(a)该抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(b)该抗体在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;或
(c)该抗体在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌。
在优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR3;
其中该抗体特异性结合PD-L1。
一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:21的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:31的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:41的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:51的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:61的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:71的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:22的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:32的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:42的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:52的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:62的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:72的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:23的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:33的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:43的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:53的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:63的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:73的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:24的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:34的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:44的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:54的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:64的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:74的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:25的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:35的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:45的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:55的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:65的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:75的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:26的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:36的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:46的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:56的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:66的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:76的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:27的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:37的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:47的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:57的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:67的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:77的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:28的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:38的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:48的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:58的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:68的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:78的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:29的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:39的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:49的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:59的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:69的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:79的轻链可变区CDR3。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:30的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:40的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:50的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:60的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:70的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:80的轻链可变区CDR3。
其他本发明优选的抗体或其抗原结合部分包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:6的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:16的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:7的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:17的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:8的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:18的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:9的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:19的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
另一种优选的组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了与上述任意抗体竞争结合PD-L1的抗体或其抗原结合部分。
本发明的抗体可以是,例如,如IgG1或IgG4同种型的全长抗体。或者,这些抗体可以是抗体片段,如Fab或Fab’2片段,或单链抗体。
本发明也提供一种免疫偶联物,其包含与诸如细胞毒素或放射性同位素等治疗剂连接的本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分。本发明也提供一种双特异性分子,其包含与第二功能部分连接的本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分,该第二功能部分具有与该抗体或其抗原结合部分不同的结合特异性。
还提供包含本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分或免疫偶联物或双特异性分子和药学上可接受的载体的组合物。
本发明也包括编码本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分的核酸分子,以及包含这些核酸的表达载体,和包含这些表达载体的宿主细胞。而且,本发明提供一种含有人免疫球蛋白重链和轻链转基因的转基因小鼠,其中该小鼠表达本发明的抗体,以及由这种小鼠制备的杂交瘤,其中该杂交瘤产生本发明的抗体。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种调节受试者中的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得受试者中的免疫应答得到调节。优选地,本发明的抗体增强、刺激或提高受试者中的免疫应答。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种抑制受试者中的肿瘤细胞生长的方法,包括给该受试者施用治疗有效量的抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分。本发明的抗体优选地用于该方法中,尽管也可以使用其他抗-PD-L1抗体代替(或者与本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体组合)。例如,在抑制肿瘤生长的方法中可以使用嵌合、人源化或完全人类抗-PD-L1抗体。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种治疗受试者中的传染病的方法,包括给该受试者施用治疗有效量的抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者的传染病得到治疗。本发明的抗体优选地用于该方法中,尽管也可以使用其他抗-PD-L1抗体代替(或者与本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体组合)。例如,在治疗传染病的方法中可以使用嵌合、人源化或完全人类抗-PD-L1抗体。
另外,本发明提供一种增强受试者中对抗原的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用:(i)抗原;和(ii)抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者中对抗原的免疫应答得到加强。所述抗原可以是,例如,肿瘤抗原、病毒抗原、细菌抗原或来自病原体的抗原。本发明的抗体优选地用于该方法中,尽管也可以使用其他抗-PD-L1抗体代替(或者与本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体组合)。例如,在增强受试者中对抗原的免疫应答的方法中可以使用嵌合、人源化或完全人类抗-PD-L1抗体。
本发明也提供基于本文提供的抗-PD-L1抗体的序列制备“第二代”抗-PD-L1抗体的方法。例如,本发明提供一种制备抗-PD-L1抗体的方法,包括:
(a)提供:(i)重链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的CDR1序列、选自SEQ IDNO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的CDR2序列、和选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的CDR3序列;或(ii)轻链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的CDR1序列、选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的CDR2序列、和选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的CDR3序列;
(b)改变至少一种可变区抗体序列内的至少一个氨基酸残基,所述序列选自重链可变区抗体序列和轻链可变区抗体序列,从而产生至少一个改变的抗体序列;和
(c)将该改变的抗体序列表达为蛋白质。
特别地,本发明涉及以下各项:
1.一种分离的人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体特异性结合人PD-L1,并且其中该抗体表现出至少一种以下性质:
(a)以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(b)在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(c)在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;或
(d)在MLR试验中提高白介素-2(IL-2)分泌。
2.如第1项的抗体,其为IgG1、IgG2或IgG4同种型的全长抗体。
3.如第1项的抗体,其为抗体片段或单链抗体。
4.如第1项的抗体,其中所述抗体以5×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合。
5.如第1项的抗体,其中所述抗体以2×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合。
6.一种分离的人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体与参比抗体交叉竞争结合PD-L1,所述参比抗体包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列的人重链可变区;和
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列的人轻链可变区。
7.如第6项的抗体,其中所述人重链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列,人轻链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列。
8.如第6项的抗体,其中所述人重链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列,人轻链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列。
9.如第6项的抗体,其中所述人重链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列,人轻链可变区包含SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列。
10.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括产自或源自人VH 1-18基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
11.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括产自或源自人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
12.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括产自或源自人VH 1-3基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
13.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括产自或源自人VK L6基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
14.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括产自或源自人VK L15基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
15.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)人VH 1-18基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L6的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
16.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L6的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
17.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)人VH 1-3基因的重链可变区;和
(b)人VK L15的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
18.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括包含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区;和包含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区;其中:
(a)重链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;
(b)轻链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;
(c)该抗体与人PD-L1特异性结合。
19.如第18项的抗体,其中重链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。
20.如第19项的抗体,其中重链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。
21.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括重链可变区和轻链可变区,其中:
(a)重链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;
(b)轻链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;并且
该抗体以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合。
22.如第21项的抗体,其中该抗体进一步包括一种或多种选自以下的性质:
(a)该抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(b)该抗体在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;和
(c)该抗体在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌。
23.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR3;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
24.如第23项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:21的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:31的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:41的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:51的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:61的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:71的轻链可变区CDR3。
25.如第23项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:22的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:32的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:42的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:52的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:62的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:72的轻链可变区CDR3。
26.如第23项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:23的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:33的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:43的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:53的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:63的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:73的轻链可变区CDR3。
27.一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。
28.如第27项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
29.如第27项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
30.如第27项的抗体,其包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
31.一种组合物,其含有如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,和药学上可接受的载体。
32.一种免疫偶联物,其包含与治疗剂连接的如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分。
33.一种组合物,其含有如第32项的免疫偶联物和药学上可接受的载体。
34.如第32项的免疫偶联物,其中所述治疗剂是细胞毒素。
35.一种组合物,其含有如第34项的免疫偶联物和药学上可接受的载体。
36.如第32项的免疫偶联物,其中所述治疗剂是放射性同位素。
37.一种组合物,其含有如第34项的免疫偶联物和药学上可接受的载体。
38.一种双特异性分子,其包含与第二功能部分连接的如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,该第二功能部分具有与该抗体或其抗原结合部分不同的结合特异性。
39.一种组合物,其含有如第38项的双特异性分子和药学上可接受的载体。
40.一种分离的核酸分子,其编码如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分。
41.一种表达载体,其包含第40项的核酸分子。
42.一种宿主细胞,其包含第41项的表达载体。
43.一种含有人免疫球蛋白重链和轻链转基因的转基因小鼠,其中该小鼠表达如第1-30任一项的抗体。
44.由第43项的小鼠制备的杂交瘤,其中该杂交瘤产生所述抗体。
45.一种调节受试者中的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得受试者中的免疫应答得到调节。
46.一种抑制受试者中的肿瘤细胞生长的方法,包括给该受试者施用治疗有效量的抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分。
47.如第46项的方法,其中所述抗体是嵌合抗体。
48.如第46项的方法,其中所述抗体是人源化抗体。
49.如第46项的方法,其中所述抗体是完全人类抗体。
50.如第46项的方法,其中所述肿瘤细胞是选自黑素瘤、肾癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和肺癌的癌的肿瘤细胞。
51.如第46项的方法,其中所述肿瘤细胞是选自以下癌的肿瘤细胞:骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤或眼内恶性黑色素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、肛区癌、胃癌、睾丸癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、阴户癌、何杰金病、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、慢性或急性白血病,包括急性髓细胞样白血病、慢性髓细胞样白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、儿童实体瘤、淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾或输尿管癌、肾盂癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤、原发性CNS淋巴瘤、肿瘤血管发生、脊柱肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、卡波西肉瘤、表皮状癌、鳞状细胞癌、T细胞淋巴瘤、环境诱发的癌症,包括石棉诱发的癌症,以及所述癌症的组合。
52.一种抑制受试者中的肿瘤细胞生长的方法,包括给该受试者施用有效抑制肿瘤生长的量的如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分。
53.一种治疗受试者中的传染病的方法,包括给该受试者施用如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者的传染病得到治疗。
54.如第53项的方法,其中所述传染病选自:HIV,流行性感冒,疱疹,贾第虫,疟疾,利什曼原虫,以下病毒引起的病原体感染:肝炎病毒(甲、乙、丙)、疱疹病毒(例如VZV、HSV-1、HAV-6、HSV-II和CMV、EB病毒)、腺病毒、流感病毒、虫媒病毒、埃可病毒、鼻病毒、柯萨奇病毒、冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒、轮状病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、细小病毒、痘苗病毒、HTLV病毒、登革热病毒、乳头瘤病毒、软疣病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、狂犬病毒、JC病毒和虫媒病毒脑炎病毒,以下细菌引起的病原体感染:衣原体、立克次氏体菌、分枝杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌和淋球菌、克雷伯氏杆菌、变形菌、雷氏菌、假单胞菌、军团杆菌、白喉菌、沙门氏菌、芽孢杆菌、霍乱菌、破伤风菌、肉毒杆菌、炭疽杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、钩端螺旋体、和莱姆病细菌,以下真菌引起的病原体感染:假丝酵母(白假丝酵母、克鲁斯假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母等)、新型隐球菌、曲霉(烟曲霉、黑曲霉等)、毛霉属(毛霉、犁头霉、根霉)、申克孢子丝菌、皮炎芽生菌、巴西副球孢子菌、粗球孢子菌和夹膜组织胞浆菌,和以下寄生虫引起的病原体感染:溶组织内阿米巴、结肠小袋纤毛虫、福氏耐格里阿米巴、棘阿米巴属的种、兰伯贾第虫、隐孢子虫属的种、卡氏肺囊虫、间日疟原虫、果氏巴贝虫、布氏锥虫、克氏锥虫、杜氏利什曼原虫、鼠弓形体、巴西日圆线虫。
55.一种增强受试者中对抗原的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用:(i)抗原;和(ii)如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者中对抗原的免疫应答得到加强。
56.如第55项的方法,其中所述抗原是肿瘤抗原、病毒抗原、细菌抗原或来自病原体的抗原。
57.一种治疗或预防受试者中的炎性疾病的方法,包括给该受试者施用如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者的炎性疾病得到治疗。
58.如第57项的方法,其中所述炎性疾病是扁平苔藓(LP)。
59.一种制备抗-PD-L1抗体的方法,包括:
(a)提供:(i)重链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的CDR1序列、选自SEQ IDNO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的CDR2序列、和选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的CDR3序列;或(ii)轻链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的CDR1序列、选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的CDR2序列、和选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的CDR3序列;
(b)改变至少一种可变区抗体序列内的至少一个氨基酸残基,所述可变区抗体序列选自重链可变区抗体序列和轻链可变区抗体序列,从而产生至少一个改变的抗体序列;和
(c)将该改变的抗体序列表达为蛋白质。
60.抗PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分应用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长的方法。
61.抗PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备抑制肿瘤细胞生长的药物中的用途。
62.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分应用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长的方法。
63.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备抑制肿瘤细胞生长的药物中的用途。
64.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分应用于治疗传染病的方法。
65.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备治疗传染病的药物中的用途。
66.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分应用于治疗炎性疾病的方法。
67.如第1-30任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备治疗炎性疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的其他特征和优点通过下面的详述和实施例将是显而易见的,该详述和实施例不应理解为限制性的。贯穿本申请中引用的所有参考文献、Genbank项、专利和公布的专利申请的内容均在此处特别引入作为参考。
附图说明
图1A显示3G10人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:81)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:21)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:31)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:41)区,并指出了V、D和J的种系来源。
图1B显示3G10人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:91)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:11)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:51)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:61)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:71)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图2A显示12A4人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:82)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:22)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:32)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:42)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图2B显示12A4人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:92)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:12)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:52)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:62)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:72)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图3A显示10A5人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:83)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:3)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:23)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:33)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:43)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图3B显示10A5人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:93)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:13)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:53)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:63)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:73)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图4A显示5F8人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:84)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:4)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:24)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:34)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:44)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图4B显示5F8人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:94)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:14)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:54)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:64)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:74)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图5A显示10H10人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQID NO:85)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:5)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ IDNO:25)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:35和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:45)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图5B显示10H10人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQID NO:95)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:15)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ IDNO:55)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:65)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:75)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图6A显示1B12人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:86)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:6)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:26)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:36)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:46)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图6B显示1B12人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:96)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:16)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:56)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:66)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:76)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图7A显示7H1人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:87)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:7)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:27)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:37)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:47)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图7B显示7H1人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:97)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:17)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:57)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:67)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:77)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图8A显示11E6人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:88)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:8)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:28)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:38)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:48)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图8B显示11E6人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:98)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:18)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:58)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:68)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:78)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图9A显示12B7人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:89)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:9)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:29)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:39)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:49)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图9B显示12B7人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQ IDNO:99)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:19)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ ID NO:59)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:69)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:79)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图10A显示13G4人单克隆抗体重链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQID NO:90)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:10)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ IDNO:30)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:40)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:50)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图10B显示13G4人单克隆抗体轻链可变区的核苷酸序列(SEQID NO:100)和氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:20)。勾画出了CDR1(SEQ IDNO:60)、CDR2(SEQ ID NO:70)和CDR3(SEQ ID NO:80)区,并指出了V和J的种系来源。
图11显示13G10的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1)与人种系VH 1-18氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:101)的比对。
图12显示12A4的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH6b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:110。
图13显示10A5的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:3)与人种系VH 1-3氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:103)的比对。JH4b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:111。
图14显示5F8的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:4)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH4b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:111。
图15显示10H10的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:5)与人种系VH 3-9氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:104)的比对。JH4b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:111。
图16显示1B12的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:6)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH6b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:110。
图17显示7H1的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:7)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH6b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:110。
图18显示11E6的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:8)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH6c种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:112。
图19显示12B7的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:9)与人种系VH 1-69氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:102)的比对。JH6b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:110。
图20显示13G4的重链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:10)与人种系VH 3-9氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:104)的比对。JH4b种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:113。
图21显示3G10的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:11)与人种系VK L6氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:105)的比对。JK1种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:114。
图22显示12A4的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:12)与人种系VK L6氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:105)的比对。JK1种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:115。
图23显示10A5的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:13)与人种系VK L15氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:106)的比对。JK2种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:116。
图24显示5F8的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:14)与人种系VK A27氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:107)的比对。JK1种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:114。
图25显示10H10的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:15)与人种系VK L15氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:106)的比对。JK2种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:116。
图26显示1B12的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:16)与人种系VK L6氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:105)的比对。JK1种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:115。
图27显示7H1的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:17)与人种系VK L6氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:105)的比对。JK1种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:115。
图28显示11E6的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:18)与人种系VK A27氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:107)的比对。JK4种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:117。
图29显示11E6a的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:109)与人种系VK A27氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:107)的比对。JK4种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:118。
图30显示12B7的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:19)与人种系VK L6氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:105)的比对。JK5种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:119。
图31显示13G4的轻链可变区氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:20)与人种系VK L18氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:108)的比对。JK3种系序列公开为SEQ ID NO:120。
图32A-C显示流式细胞实验结果,该结果证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4与全长人PD-L1转染的CHO细胞的细胞表面结合。(A)3G10的流式细胞分析图,(B)10A5的流式细胞分析图,(C)12A4的流式细胞分析图。
图33显示流式细胞实验的结果,该结果证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4以浓度依赖的方式与全长人PD-L1转染的CHO细胞的细胞表面结合。
图34显示ELISA实验的结果,该结果证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4与PD-L1-Fc融合蛋白结合。
图35显示证明在刺激的人CD4+T细胞上HuMab滴定的实验的结果。
图36显示证明在刺激的食蟹猴PBMC上HuMab滴定的实验的结果。
图37A-C显示流式细胞实验的结果,该结果证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4与活化的T细胞表面上的PD-L1结合。(A)3G10的流式细胞分析图,(B)10A5的流式细胞分析图,(C)12A4的流式细胞分析图。
图38证明HuMab与ES-2细胞结合。
图39A-D显示实验结果,证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应试验中促进T细胞增殖、IFN-γ分泌和IL-2分泌。图39A是显示使用HuMAb 10A5的浓度依赖性T细胞增殖的条图;图39B是显示使用HuMAb 10A5的浓度依赖性IFN-γ分泌的条图;图39C是显示使用HuMAb 3G10和12A4的浓度依赖性IFN-γ分泌的条图;图39D是显示使用HuMAb 10A5的浓度依赖性IL-2分泌的条图。
图40证明在MLR中使用异基因树突细胞和T细胞(CD4+效应T细胞)树突细胞,人抗PD-L1抗体对增殖和IFN-γ分泌的影响。
图41A-D显示实验结果,证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体在含有T调节细胞的MLR中促进T细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌。图41A是显示使用HuMAb 10A5的浓度依赖性T细胞增殖的条图;图41B是显示使用HuMAb 10A5的浓度依赖性IFN-γ分泌的条图。
图42证明在存在调节T细胞的混合淋巴细胞反应中抗PD-L1抗体对细胞增殖的结果。
图43证明在存在调节T细胞的混合淋巴细胞反应中抗PD-L1抗体对细胞因子产生的结果。
图44证明抗PD-L1抗体对CMV裂解液刺激的人PBMC IFN-γ分泌的结果。
图45显示流式细胞实验结果,证明抗人PD-L1的人单克隆抗体阻断PD-L1与表达PD-1的CHO转染细胞的结合。
图46显示抗PD-L1抗体阻断PD-L1与IFN-γ处理的ES-2细胞的结合。
图47显示抗PD-L1抗体对体内肿瘤生长的影响。
发明详述
在一个方面,本发明涉及特异性结合PD-L1的分离的单克隆抗体,特别是人单克隆抗体。在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体表现出一种或多种所需的功能性质,如与人PD-L1的高亲和力结合,在混合淋巴细胞反应中增强T细胞增殖、IFN-γ和/或IL-2分泌的能力,抑制PD-L1与PD-1受体结合的能力,刺激抗体应答的能力,和/或逆转T调节细胞的抑制功能的能力。另外或者可替代地,本发明的抗体源自特定重链和轻链种系序列,和/或包含特定结构特征,如包含特定氨基酸序列的CDR区。
例如,本发明提供分离的抗体、制备该抗体的方法、含有该抗体的免疫偶联物和双特异性分子、和含有本发明的抗体、免疫偶联物或双特异性分子的药物组合物。
在另一方面,本发明涉及使用抗PD-L1抗体抑制受试者中肿瘤细胞生长的方法。本发明也涉及利用该抗体改变免疫应答,以及治疗疾病如癌症或传染病,或刺激保护性自身免疫应答或刺激抗原特异性免疫应答的方法(例如通过抗PD-L1和目标抗原的共给药)。
为了使本发明更容易理解,首先定义了一些术语。其他的定义在发明详述内容中说明。
术语“免疫应答”是指例如淋巴细胞、抗原呈递细胞、吞噬细胞、粒细胞和上述细胞或肝脏产生的可溶性大分子(包括抗体、细胞因子和补体)的作用,其导致选择性损伤、破坏或从人体中清除侵入的病原体、被病原体感染的细胞或组织、癌细胞,或(在自身免疫或病理性炎症的情况下)正常人细胞或组织。
“信号转导途径”是指在信号从一个细胞的一部分向一个细胞的另一部分传送中起作用的多种信号转导分子之间的生化关系。本文使用的短语“细胞表面受体”包括,例如,能够接收信号和跨过细胞质膜传播这种信号的分子和分子复合物。本发明的“细胞表面受体”的一个例子是PD-L1受体。
这里提到的术语“抗体”包括完整抗体及其任何抗原结合片段(即“抗原结合部分”)或单链。“抗体”是指包含通过二硫键互相连接在一起的至少两条重(H)链和两条轻(L)链的糖蛋白,或其抗原结合部分。每条重链由重链可变区(在此缩写为VH)和重链恒定区组成。重链恒定区由三个结构域CH1、CH2和CH3组成。每条轻链由轻链可变区(在此缩写为VL)和轻链恒定区组成。轻链恒定区由一个结构域CL组成。VH和VL区可进一步再分为高变区,称为互补决定区(CDR),CDR散布在被称为构架区(FR)的更加保守的区域中。每个VH和VL均由三个CDR和四个FR组成,它们从氨基端向羧基端以如下顺序排列:FR1,CDR1,FR2,CDR2,FR3,CDR3,FR4。重链和轻链的可变区含有可与抗原相互作用的结合结构域。抗体的恒定区可以介导免疫球蛋白与宿主组织或因子的结合,该宿主组织或因子包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一成分(C1q)。
本文所用的术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”(或简称为“抗体部分”)是指保留与抗原(例如PD-L1)特异性结合的能力的抗体的一个或多个片段。已证明抗体的抗原结合功能可由全长抗体的片段来行使。术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”中所包括的结合片段的例子包括:(i)Fab片段,即由VL、VH、CL和CH1结构域组成的单价片段;(ii)F(ab’)2片段,即包含在铰链区处通过二硫键连接的两个Fab片段的双价片段;(iii)由VH和CH1结构域组成的Fd片段;(iv)由抗体单臂的VL和VH结构域组成的Fv片段;(v)由VH结构域组成的dAb片段(Ward等(1989)Nature 341:544-546);和(vi)分离的互补决定区(CDR)。此外,尽管Fv片段的两个结构域VL和VH由单独的基因编码,但是它们可以利用重组方法通过合成连接体连接在一起,该连接体使它们能够制成一条蛋白质链,其中VL和VH区配对构成单价分子(称为单链Fv(scFv);参见,例如Bird等(1988)Science 242:423-426;和Huston等(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883)。这种单链抗体也包括在术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”内。这些抗体片段用本领域技术人员公知的常规技术获得,并用与完整抗体相同的方法对这些片段的实用性进行筛选。
本文使用的“分离的抗体”是指基本不含具有不同抗原特异性的其他抗体的抗体(例如,与PD-L1特异性结合的分离的抗体基本不含与除PD-L1以外的抗原特异性结合的抗体)。但是,与PD-L1特异性结合的分离的抗体与诸如来自其他物种的PD-L1分子等其他抗原可能具有交叉反应性。而且,分离的抗体可基本不含其他细胞材料和/或化学物质。
本文使用的术语“单克隆抗体”或“单克隆抗体组合物”是指单一分子组成的抗体分子的制剂。单克隆抗体组合物表现出对特定表位的单一结合特异性和亲和性。
本文使用的术语“人抗体”包括具有如下可变区的抗体,在该可变区中,构架区和CDR区都源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列。而且,如果该抗体含有恒定区,则恒定区也源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列。本发明的人抗体可包含并非由人种系免疫球蛋白序列编码的氨基酸残基(例如,通过体外随机或位点特异性诱变或通过体内体细胞突变引入的突变)。但是,本文使用的术语“人抗体”不包括其中源自另一哺乳动物种如小鼠的种系的CDR序列已被移植到人构架序列上的抗体。
术语“人单克隆抗体”是指表现单一结合特异性的抗体,其具有其中构架区和CDR区均源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变区。在一个实施方案中,人单克隆抗体由杂交瘤产生,该杂交瘤包括与无限增殖化细胞融合的B细胞,该B细胞从具有含人重链转基因和轻链转基因的基因组的转基因非人动物(例如转基因小鼠)中获得。
本文使用的术语“重组人抗体”包括通过重组方法制备、表达、产生或分离的所有人抗体,例如:(a)从对于人免疫球蛋白基因的转基因或转染色体动物(例如小鼠)或由其制备的杂交瘤(下文进一步描述)中分离的抗体,(b)从经转化表达人抗体的宿主细胞如转染瘤中分离的抗体,(c)从重组组合人抗体文库中分离的抗体,和(d)通过包括将人免疫球蛋白基因序列剪接为其他DNA序列的任何其他方法制备、表达、产生或分离的抗体。这些重组人抗体具有其中构架区和CDR区均源自人种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变区。但是在某些实施方案中,这些重组人抗体可以经历体外诱变(或者,当使用人Ig序列的转基因动物时,经历体内体细胞诱变),因此重组抗体的VH和VL区的氨基酸序列尽管是源自人种系VH和VL序列并与之相关的序列,但可能不是在体内天然存在于人抗体种系的所有组成成分(repertoire)中。
本文使用的术语“同种型”是指由重链恒定区基因编码的抗体类别(例如IgM或IgG1)。
短语“识别抗原的抗体”和“抗原特异性抗体”在此与术语“与抗原特异性结合的抗体”可互换使用。
术语“人抗体衍生物”是指人抗体的任何修饰形式,例如抗体和其它试剂或抗体的偶联物。
术语“人源化抗体”是指其中来源于另外一种哺乳动物种如小鼠的种系的CDR序列已经被移植到人构架序列上的抗体。在人构架序列内也可以进行其它的构架区修饰。
术语“嵌合抗体”是指其中可变区序列来源于一个物种而恒定区序列来源于另一个物种的抗体,例如其中可变区序列来源于小鼠抗体而恒定区序列来源于人抗体的抗体。
本文使用的术语“与人PD-L1特异性结合”的抗体是指以1×10-7M或更低、更优选5×10-8M或更低、更优选1×10-8M或更低、更优选5×10-9M或更低、甚至更优选1×10-8M至1×10-10M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合的抗体。
本文使用的术语“Kassoc”或“Ka”是指特定抗体-抗原相互作用的结合速率,而本文使用的术语“Kdis”或“Kd”是指特定抗体-抗原相互作用的解离速率。本文使用的术语“KD”是指解离常数,它是由Kd与Ka的比值获得的(即Kd/Ka),并且表示为摩尔浓度(M)。抗体的KD值可能用本领域建立的方法测定。测定抗体KD的一种优选方法是使用表面等离振子共振法,优选使用生物传感器系统,如系统。
本文使用的术语IgG抗体的“高亲和力”是指抗体对于靶抗原的KD为10-8M或更低、更优选10-9M或更低、甚至更优选10-10M或更低。但是对于其他抗体同种型来说,“高亲和力”结合可能不同。例如,对于IgM同种型来说,“高亲和力”结合是指抗体具有10-7M或更低、更优选10-8M或更低、甚至更优选10-9M或更低的KD。
本文使用的术语“受试者”包括任何人或非人类动物。术语“非人类动物”包括所有脊椎动物,例如哺乳动物和非哺乳动物,如非人灵长类动物、绵羊、狗、猫、马、牛、鸡、两栖类动物、爬行类动物等。
本申请的各个方面在下面的章节中进一步详细描述。
抗-PD-L1抗体
本发明的抗体的特征在于抗体的特定功能特征或特性。例如,这些抗体与人PD-L1特异性结合。优选地,本发明的抗体以高亲和力与PD-L1结合,例如KD为1×10-7M或更低。本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体优选地表现出以下一种或多种特性:
(a)以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(b)在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(c)在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;
(d)在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌;
(e)刺激抗体应答;和/或
(f)逆转T调节细胞对T细胞效应细胞和/或树突细胞的作用。
优选地,该抗体以5×10-8M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以1×10-8M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以5×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,以4×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,或以2×10-9M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合,或以1×10-9M至1×10-10M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合。
评价抗体对PD-L1的结合能力的标准试验在本领域中是公知的,包括,例如ELISA、Westem印迹分析和RIA。合适的试验在实施例中详细描述。抗体的结合动力学(例如结合亲和力)也可以通过本领域公知的标准试验(如分析)来评价。
单克隆抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、
12B7和13G4
本发明优选的抗体是如实施例1和2所述分离并进行结构表征的人单克隆抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VH氨基酸序列分别显示在SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VL氨基酸序列分别显示在SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20中。
假定这些抗体中的每一个都能够与PD-L1结合,则VH和VL序列可以“混合并匹配”,从而产生本发明的其他的抗-PD-L1结合分子。PD-L1与这些“混合并匹配的”抗体的结合可以用上文及实施例中所述的结合试验(例如ELISA)检测。优选地,当VH和VL链混合并匹配时,来自特定VH/VL配对的VH序列被替换为结构上相似的VH序列。同样,优选地,来自特定VH/VL配对的VL序列被替换为结构上相似的VL序列。
因此,在一个方面,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体与PD-L1、优选与人PD-L1特异性结合。
优选的重链和轻链组合包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:6的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:16的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:7的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:17的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:8的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:18的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:9的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:19的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区;或
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的重链可变区;和(b)包含SEQ ID NO:20的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的重链和轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3或其组合的抗体。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VH CDR1的氨基酸序列示于SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VH CDR2的氨基酸序列示于SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VH CDR3的氨基酸序列示于SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VK CDR1的氨基酸序列示于SEQID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VK CDR2的氨基酸序列示于SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70中。3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VK CDR3的氨基酸序列示于SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80中。CDR区用Kabat系统(Kabat,E.A.等(1991)Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第五版,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,NIH出版号91-3242)勾画出。
假如这些抗体均能与PD-L1结合,并且抗原结合特异性主要是由CDR1、2和3区提供的,则VH CDR1、CDR 2和CDR 3序列与VK CDR1、CDR 2和CDR 3序列可以“混合并匹配”(即来自不同抗体的CDR可以混合并匹配,但是每个抗体必须含有VH CDR1、CDR2和CDR 3和VK CDR1、CDR 2和CDR 3),从而产生本发明的其他的抗-PD-L1结合分子。PD-L1与这些“混合并匹配的”抗体的结合可以用上文及实施例中所述的结合试验(例如ELISA,Biacore分析)检测。优选地,当VH CDR序列混合并匹配时,来自特定VH序列的CDR1、CDR2和/或CDR3序列被替换为结构上相似的CDR序列。同样,当VK CDR序列混合并匹配时,来自特定VK序列的CDR1、CDR2和/或CDR3序列优选地被替换为结构上相似的CDR序列。对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,通过将一个或多个VH和/或VL CDR区序列替换为来自此处公开的单克隆抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的CDR序列的结构上相似的序列,可以产生新的VH和VL序列。
因此,在另一个方面,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区CDR3;
其中该抗体与PD-L1、优选与人PD-L1特异性结合。
在一个优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:21的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:31的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:41的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:51的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:61的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:71的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:22的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:32的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:42的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:52的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:62的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:72的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:23的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:33的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:43的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:53的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:63的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:73的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:24的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:34的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:44的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:54的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:64的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:74的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:25的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:35的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:45的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:55的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:65的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:75的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:26的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:36的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:46的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:56的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:66的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:76的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:27的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:37的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:47的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:57的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:67的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:77的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:28的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:38的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:48的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:58的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:68的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:78的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:29的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:39的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:49的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:59的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:69的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:79的轻链可变区CDR3。
在另一优选实施方案中,该抗体包括:
(a)包含SEQ ID NO:30的重链可变区CDR1;
(b)包含SEQ ID NO:40的重链可变区CDR2;
(c)包含SEQ ID NO:50的重链可变区CDR3;
(d)包含SEQ ID NO:60的轻链可变区CDR1;
(e)包含SEQ ID NO:70的轻链可变区CDR2;和
(f)包含SEQ ID NO:80的轻链可变区CDR3。
本领域公知,不依赖于CDR1和/或CDR2域,单独的CDR3域即可以决定抗体对于同源抗原的结合特异性,并且基于共同的CDR3序列可以预测性地产生具有相同结合特异性的多种抗体。参见,例如,Klimka等,British J.of Cancer 83(2):252-260(2000)(描述了仅使用鼠抗-CD30抗体Ki-4的重链可变域CDR3产生人源化抗-CD30抗体);Beiboer等,J.Mol Biol.296:833-849(2000)(描述了仅使用亲本鼠MOC-31抗-EGP-2抗体的重链CDR3序列产生重组上皮糖蛋白-2(EGP-2)抗体);Rader等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A.95:8910-8915(1998)(描述了使用鼠抗整联蛋白αvβ3抗体LM609的重链和轻链可变CDR3域的一组人源化抗整联蛋白αvβ3抗体,其中每个成员抗体在CDR3域之外含有不同的序列,并且能够与亲本鼠抗体结合相同的表位,其亲和力与亲本鼠抗体一样高或更高);Barbas等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.116:2161-2162(1994)(公开了CDR3域对抗原结合提供了最重要的贡献);Barbas等,Proc,Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92:2529-2533(1995)(描述了三种抗人胎盘DNA的Fab(SI-1,SI-40和SI-32)的重链CDR3序列向抗破伤风类毒素Fab的重链上的移植,由此替换了存在的重链CDR3,并且证明单独的CDR3提供结合特异性);和Ditzel等,J.Immunol.157:739-749(1996)(描述了移植研究,其中仅向单特异性IgG破伤风类毒素结合Fab p313抗体转移亲本多特异性FabLNA3的重链CDR3足以保留亲本Fab的结合特异性)。上述每一参考文献都全文引入作为参考。
因此,在某些方面,本发明提供包含一个或多个来自非人抗体如小鼠或大鼠抗体的重链和/或轻链CDR3域的单克隆抗体,其中该单克隆抗体能够特异性结合CD19。在某些实施方案中,这些本发明的包含一个或多个来自非人抗体的重链和/或轻链CDR3域的抗体与相应的亲本非人抗体(a)能够竞争结合;(b)保留功能特性;(c)结合相同的表位;和/或(d)具有类似的结合亲和力。
在其他方面,本发明提供包含一个或多个来自第一人抗体(如从非人动物获得的人抗体)的重链和/或轻链CDR3域的单克隆抗体,其中该第一人抗体能够特异性结合CD19,并且其中来自该第一人抗体的CD3域代替了缺乏对PD-L1的结合特异性的人抗体中的CDR3域,从而产生能够特异性结合PD-L1的第二人抗体。在某些实施方案中,本发明的包含一个或多个来自第一人抗体的重链和/或轻链CDR3域的抗体与相应的亲本第一人抗体(a)能够竞争结合;(b)保留功能特性;(c)结合相同的表位;和/或(d)具有类似的结合亲和力。
具有特定种系序列的抗体
在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体包含来自特定种系重链免疫球蛋白基因的重链可变区和/或来自特定种系轻链免疫球蛋白基因的轻链可变区。
例如,在一个优选实施方案中,本发明涉及一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-18基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-69基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VH 1-3基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VH 3-9基因的重链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含产自或源自人VK L6基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK L15基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK A27基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分或片段,其包含产自或源自人VK L18基因的轻链可变区,其中该抗体与PD-L1特异性结合。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体:
(a)包含产自或源自人VH 1-18、1-69、1-3或3-9基因(该基因分别编码SEQ ID NO:101、102、103和104所示的氨基酸序列)的重链可变区;
(b)包含产自或源自人VK L6、L15、A27或L1基因(该基因分别编码SEQ ID NO:105、106、107和108所示的氨基酸序列)的轻链可变区;且
(c)与PD-L1、优选与人PD-L1特异性结合。
分别具有VH 1-18和Vk L6的VH和VK的抗体的一个例子是3G10。分别具有VH 1-69和Vk L6的VH和VK的抗体的例子是12A4、1B12、7H1和12B7。分别具有VH 1-3和Vk L15的VH和VK的抗体的一个例子是10A5。分别具有VH 1-69和Vk A27的VH和VK的抗体的例子是5F8、11E6和11E6a。分别具有VH 3-9和Vk L15的VH和VK的抗体的一个例子是10H10。分别具有VH 1-3和Vk L15的VH和VK的抗体的一个例子是10A5。分别具有VH 3-9和Vk L18的VH和VK的抗体的一个例子是13G4。
在本文中,如果一种人抗体的可变区是从使用人种系免疫球蛋白基因的系统中获得的,则该人抗体包含“产自”或“源自”特定种系序列的重链或轻链可变区。这样的系统包括用目标抗原免疫携带人免疫球蛋白基因的转基因小鼠,或者用目标抗原筛查展示在噬菌体上的人免疫球蛋白基因文库。“产自”或“源自”人种系免疫球蛋白序列的人抗体可以这样鉴定:将该人抗体的氨基酸序列与人种系免疫球蛋白的氨基酸序列进行比较,选择在序列上最接近于该人抗体序列(即有最高%同一性)的人种系免疫球蛋白序列。“产自”或“源自”特定人种系免疫球蛋白序列的人抗体与该种系序列相比可能包含氨基酸差异,例如由于天然发生的体细胞突变或定点突变的有意引入而导致的氨基酸差异。但是,选择的人抗体在氨基酸序列上与人种系免疫球蛋白基因编码的氨基酸序列通常至少90%相同,并且含有当与其他物种的种系免疫球蛋白氨基酸序列(例如鼠种系序列)相比较时确认该人抗体属于人类抗体的氨基酸残基。在某些情况下,人抗体在氨基酸序列上与该种系免疫球蛋白基因编码的氨基酸序列可以至少95%、或者甚至至少96%、97%、98%或99%相同。在某些实施方案中,源自特定人种系序列的人抗体表现与该人种系免疫球蛋白基因编码的氨基酸序列有不超过10个氨基酸的差异。在某些其他实施方案中,该人抗体可能表现与该种系免疫球蛋白基因编码的氨基酸序列有不超过5个、或者甚至不超过4、3、2或1个氨基酸的差异。
同源抗体
在另一实施方案中,本发明的抗体包含的重链和轻链可变区含有与此处所述优选抗体的氨基酸序列同源的氨基酸序列,并且其中该抗体保留了本发明抗-PD-L1抗体的所需功能特性。
例如,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含重链可变区和轻链可变区,其中:
(a)重链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;
(b)轻链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的氨基酸序列至少80%同源的氨基酸序列;
(c)该抗体以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(d)该抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(e)该抗体在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;
(f)该抗体在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌;
(g)该抗体刺激抗体应答;且
(h)该抗体逆转T调节细胞对T细胞效应细胞和/或树突细胞的作用。
在另外一些实施方案中,VH和/或VL氨基酸序列可以与上述序列85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同源。具有与上述序列的VH和VL区高度(即80%或更高)同源的VH和VL区的抗体可以如下获得:诱变(例如定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变)编码SEQ IDNO:25、26、27、28、29和30的核酸分子,然后用此处所述的功能试验检测编码的被改变抗体的保留的功能(即以上(c)到(h)所述的功能)。
本文使用的两个氨基酸序列之间的百分同源性等同于两个序列之间的百分同一性。考虑为了两个序列之间进行最佳比对所需要引入的空位的数目和每个空位的长度后,两个序列之间的百分同一性是这两个序列共有的相同位点的数目的函数(即%同源性=相同位点的数目/位点的总数×100)。两个序列之间的序列比较和百分同一性的确定可以如下面的非限制性实施例中所述用数学算法实现。
两个氨基酸序列之间的百分同一性可以用已经整合入ALIGN程序(2.0版本)中的E.Meyers和W.Miller(Comput.Appl.Biosci.,4:11-17(1988))的算法来确定,其使用PAM120权重残基表,12的空位长度罚分,4的空位罚分。另外,两个氨基酸序列之间的百分同一性也可以用已经整合入GCG软件包(可从www.gcg.com获得)的GAP程序中的Needleman和Wunsch(J.Mol.Biol.48:444-453(1970))的算法来确定,其使用Blossum 62矩阵或PAM250矩阵,16、14、12、10、8、6或4的空位权重,和1、2、3、4、5或6的长度权重。
在某些情况中,本发明的蛋白质序列可以进一步作为“查询序列”用于进行公共数据库的检索,例如鉴定相关序列。这种检索可以用Altschul等(1990)J.Mol.Biol.215:403-10的XBLAST程序(2.0版本)进行。BLAST蛋白质检索可以用XBLAST程序进行,得分=50,字长=3,以获得与本发明的抗体分子同源的氨基酸序列。为了获得用于比较目的的空位比对,可以采用如Altschul等(1997)Nucleic Acids Res.25(17):3389-3402所述的空位BLAST。当采用BLAST和空位BLAST程序时,可以使用各自程序(例如XBLAST和NBLAST)的缺省参数。参见www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov。
具有保守修饰的抗体
在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体包括含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区和含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区,其中这些CDR序列中的一个或多个包含基于本文所述优选抗体(例如3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4)的特定氨基酸序列或其保守修饰,并且其中该抗体保留本发明抗-PD-L1抗体的所需功能特性。因此,本发明提供一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区和含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区,其中:
(a)重链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列,
(b)轻链可变区CDR3序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列及其保守修饰的氨基酸序列,
(c)该抗体以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(d)该抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(e)该抗体在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;
(f)该抗体在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌;
(g)该抗体刺激抗体应答;且
(h)该抗体逆转T调节细胞对T细胞效应细胞和/或树突细胞的作用。
在一个优选实施方案中,重链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQ IDNO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列和其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR2序列包含选自SEQID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列和其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。在另一优选实施方案中,重链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列和其保守修饰的氨基酸序列;且轻链可变区CDR1序列包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列和其保守修饰的氨基酸序列。
本文使用的术语“保守序列修饰”是指不会显著影响或改变含该氨基酸序列的抗体的结合特性的氨基酸修饰。这样的保守修饰包括氨基酸置换、添加和缺失。可以通过本领域公知的标准技术,如定点诱变和PCR介导的诱变,向本发明抗体中引入修饰。保守氨基酸置换是将氨基酸残基替换为具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基。具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基的家族在本领域中已经定义。这些家族包括:具有碱性侧链(例如赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸)、酸性侧链(例如天冬氨酸、谷氨酸)、不带电荷极性侧链(例如甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、色氨酸)、非极性侧链(例如丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸)、β-分支侧链(例如苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)和芳族侧链(例如酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸)的氨基酸。因此,本发明抗体的CDR区内的一个或多个氨基酸残基可以被置换为来自相同侧链家族的其他氨基酸残基,并且可以用此处所述的功能试验检测改变的抗体保留的功能(即以上(c)至(h)所述的功能)。
与本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体结合相同表位的抗体
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供与本发明的任意PD-L1单克隆抗体结合相同表位的抗体(即能够与本发明的任意单克隆抗体交叉竞争结合PD-L1的抗体)。在优选实施方案中,用于交叉竞争研究的参比抗体可以是单克隆抗体3G10(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:1和11所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体12A4(具有分别如SEQ IDNO:2和12所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体10A5(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:3和13所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体10A5(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:3和13所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体5F8(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:4和14所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体10H10(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:5和15所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体1B12(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:6和16所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体7H1(具有分别如SEQ IDNO:7和17所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体11E6(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:8和18所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体12B7(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:9和19所示的VH和VL序列),或单克隆抗体13G4(具有分别如SEQ ID NO:10和20所示的VH和VL序列)。这些交叉竞争抗体可以根据它们在标准PD-L1结合测定中与3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4交叉竞争的能力来鉴定。例如,可以利用BIAcore分析、ELISA测定或流式细胞分析来证明与本发明抗体的交叉竞争。被测试抗体抑制例如3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4与人PD-L1结合的能力证明,该测试抗体可以与3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4竞争结合人PD-L1,因此所结合的人PD-L1上的表位与3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4相同。在一个优选实施方案中,所结合的人PD-L1上的表位与3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4相同的抗体是人单克隆抗体。这些人单克隆抗体可以如实施例所述制备和分离。
工程化抗体和修饰的抗体
本发明的抗体进一步可以利用具有此处所公开的一种或多种VH和/或VL序列的抗体作为起始材料来制备,以构建一种修饰的抗体,该修饰的抗体相对于与起始抗体相比可以具有改变的特性。可以通过修饰一个或两个可变区(即VH和/或VL)例如一个或多个CDR区内和/或一个或多个构架区内的一个或多个残基来构建抗体。另外,或者,可以通过修饰恒定区内的残基来构建抗体,例如改变该抗体的效应功能。
可以进行的一种类型的可变区工程化是CDR移植。抗体主要是通过位于六个重链和轻链互补决定区(CDR)中的氨基酸残基与靶抗原相互作用。由于这个原因,CDR内的氨基酸序列比CDR外的序列在各个抗体之间更加多样化。由于CDR序列负责大多数抗体-抗原相互作用,因此通过构建如下的表达载体能够表达模拟特定天然存在抗体的特性的重组抗体:该表达载体包含来自特定天然存在抗体的CDR序列,该CDR序列被移植到来自具有不同特性的不同抗体的构架序列上(参见,例如,Riechmann,L.等(1998)Nature 332:323-327;Jones,P.等(1986)Nature 321:522-525;Queen,C.等(1989)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.86:10029-10033;Winter的美国专利5,225,539,和Queen等的美国专利5,530,101;5,585,089;5,693,762和6,180,370)。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案涉及一种分离的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区,该CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列分别包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30,SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40,和SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列,并且包括含CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区,该CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列分别包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60,SEQID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70,和SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列。因此,这些抗体含有单克隆抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4的VH和VL CDR序列,但是可能含有与这些抗体不同的构架序列。
这些构架序列可以从包括种系抗体基因序列的公共DNA数据库或发表的参考文献中获得。例如,人重链和轻链可变区基因的种系DNA序列可以在以下资源中发现:“VBase”人种系序列数据库(可从因特网上www.mrc-cpe.cam.ac.uk/vbase获得),以及Kabat,E.A.等(1991)Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第五版,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,NIH出版号91-3242;Tomlinson,I.M.等(1992)“The Repertoire of Human Germline VHSequences Reveals about Fifty Groups of VH Segments with DifferentHypervariable Loops”J.Mol.Biol.227:776-798;和Cox,J.P.L.等(1994)“A Directory of Human Germ-line VH Segments Reveals a Strong Bias intheir Usage”Eur.J.Immunol.24:827-836;其内容均引入本文作为参考。
使用本领域技术人员公知的一种被称为缺口BLAST(Altschul等(1997)Nucleic Acids Research 25:3389-3402)的序列相似性检索方法,将抗体蛋白质序列与汇编的蛋白质序列数据库进行比较。BLAST是一种启发式算法,其中抗体序列和数据库序列之间的统计学显著性比对可能含有所比对的字句的高得分的片段对(HSP)。延伸或修剪不能提高其得分的片段对被称为命中(hit)。简要地说,翻译VBASE来源的核苷酸序列(vbase.mrc-cpe.cam.ac.uk/vbasel/list2.php),而保留FR1至FR3构架区之间并且包括该构架区的区域。数据库数据的平均长度为98个残基。除去在蛋白质全长上准确匹配的重复序列。使用程序blastp,除关闭的低复杂性过滤器和BLOSUM62置换矩阵以外应用缺省标准参数对蛋白质进行BLAST检索,对于排名前5位的命中,过滤器产生序列匹配。在所有6个框架内的核苷酸序列都翻译,在数据库序列的匹配片段中没有终止密码子的框架被认为是潜在命中。然后使用BLAST程序tblastx进行证实。该程序翻译所有6个框架内的抗体序列,并且比较其翻译与在所有6个框架内动态翻译的VBASE核苷酸序列。
同一性是抗体序列和蛋白质数据库之间在序列全长上的完全氨基酸匹配。阳性(同一性+置换匹配)不同,但是氨基酸置换由BLOSUM62置换矩阵指导。如果抗体序列以相同的同一性匹配两个数据库序列,则阳性最强的命中被判断为匹配序列命中。
用于本发明抗体的优选构架序列在结构上类似于所选择的本发明抗体使用的构架序列,例如,类似于本发明优选的单克隆抗体使用的VH 1-18构架序列(SEQ ID NO:101)和/或VH 1-69构架序列(SEQID NO:102)和/或VH 1-3构架序列(SEQ ID NO:103)和/或VH 3-9构架序列(SEQ ID NO:104)和/或VK L6构架序列(SEQ ID NO:105)和/或VK L15构架序列(SEQ ID NO:106)和/或VK A27构架序列(SEQID NO:107)和/或VK L18构架序列(SEQ ID NO:107)。VH CDR1、CDR 2和CDR 3序列和VK CDR1、CDR 2和CDR 3序列可以被移植到与该构架序列的来源种系免疫球蛋白基因具有相同序列的构架区上,或者CDR序列可以被移植到与该种系序列相比含有一个或多个突变的构架区上。例如,已经发现,在某些情况中,将构架区内的残基进行突变对于保持或增强抗体的抗原结合能力是有利的(参见,例如,Queen等的美国专利5,530,101;5,585,089;5,693,762和6,180,370)。
另一种类型的可变区修饰是突变VH和/或VK CDR1、CDR2和/或CDR3区内的氨基酸残基,从而改善目标抗体的一种或多种结合特性(例如亲和力)。可以进行定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变,以引入突变,对抗体结合的影响,或者其他目标功能特性,可以用此处所述和实施例中提供的体外或体内试验来评价。优选引入(如上文所述的)保守修饰。这些突变可以是氨基酸置换、添加或缺失,但是优选置换。而且,一般改变CDR区内的不超过1、2、3、4或5个残基。
因此,在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供分离的抗-PD-L1单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包含的重链可变区含有:(a)VH CDR1区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列;(b)VH CDR2区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ IDNO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列;(c)VH CDR3区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列;(d)VK CDR1区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ IDNO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列;(e)VK CDR2区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列;和(f)VK CDR3区,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的氨基酸序列,或与SEQ IDNO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80相比具有1、2、3、4或5个氨基酸置换、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列。
本发明的工程化抗体包括例如为了改善抗体特性而对其VH和/或VK内的构架残基进行了修饰的抗体。进行这样的构架修饰一般是为了降低抗体的免疫原性。例如,一种方法是将一个或多个构架残基“回复突变”为相应的种系序列。更特别地,经历体细胞突变的抗体可含有与衍生该抗体的种系序列不同的构架残基。通过比较抗体构架序列与衍生该抗体的种系序列,可以鉴定这些残基。例如,如下所述,抗-PD-1抗体3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的构架区中的大量氨基酸改变不同于亲本种系序列。为了使构架区序列中的一个或多个氨基酸残基恢复为其种系构型,可以通过(例如)定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变,将该体细胞突变“回复突变”为种系序列。3G10的VH区与亲本种系VH1-18序列的比对显示在图11中。12A4的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图12中。10A5的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-3序列的比对显示在图13中。5F8的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图14中。10H10的VH区与亲本种系VH 3-9序列的比对显示在图15中。1B12的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图16中。7H1的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图17中。11E6的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图18中。12B7的VH区与亲本种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示在图19中。13G4的VH区与亲本种系VH 3-9序列的比对显示在图20中。
例如,对于3G10,VH的氨基酸残基#79(FR3内)是缬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-18种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,可以通过(例如)定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变,将该体细胞突变“回复突变”为种系序列(例如,3G10的VH的残基#79(FR3的残基#13)可以从缬氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸)。
另一个例子是,对于12A4,VH的氨基酸残基#24(FR1内)是苏氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12A4的VH的残基#24从苏氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12A4,VH的氨基酸残基#27(FR1内)是天冬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为甘氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12A4的VH的残基#27从天冬氨酸“回复突变”为甘氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12A4,VH的氨基酸残基#95(FR3内)是苯丙冬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为酪氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12A4的VH的残基#95(FR3的残基#29)从苯丙氨酸“回复突变”为酪氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于5F8,氨基酸残基#24(FR1内)是缬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将5F8的VH的残基#24从缬氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于5F8,氨基酸残基#28(FR1内)是异亮氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为苏氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将5F8的VH的残基#28从异亮氨酸“回复突变”为苏氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于10H10,氨基酸残基#24(FR1内)是缬氨酸,而在相应的VH 3-9种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将10H10的VH的残基#24从缬氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于10H10,可以在氨基酸残基#97(FR3内)后插入氨基酸。该氨基酸为缬氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将在10H10的VH的残基#97之后插入的氨基酸“回复突变”,从而删除该缬氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于1B12,氨基酸残基#24(FR1内)是苏氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将1B12的VH的残基#24从苏氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于1B12,氨基酸残基#27(FR1内)是天冬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为甘氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将1B12的VH的残基#27从天冬氨酸“回复突变”为甘氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于1B12,氨基酸残基#95(FR3内)是苯丙氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为酪氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将1B12的VH的残基#95(FR3的残基#29)从苯丙氨酸“回复突变”为酪氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于7H1,氨基酸残基#24(FR1内)是苏氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将7H1的VH的残基#24从苏氨酸“回复突变”为丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于7H1,氨基酸残基#77(FR3内)是苏氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丝氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将7H1的VH的残基#72(FR3的残基#11)从苏氨酸“回复突变”为丝氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于11E6,氨基酸残基#78(FR3内)是丙氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为苏氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将11E6的VH的残基#78(FR3的残基12)从丙氨酸“回复突变”为苏氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12B7,氨基酸残基#13(FR1内)是谷氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为赖氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12B7的VH的残基#13从谷氨酸“回复突变”为赖氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12B7,氨基酸残基#30(FR1内)是天冬酰胺,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丝氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12B7的VH的残基#30从天冬酰胺“回复突变”为丝氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12B7,氨基酸残基#77(FR3内)是天冬酰胺,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为丝氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12B7的VH的残基#377(FR3的残基11)从天冬酰胺“回复突变”为丝氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于12B7,氨基酸残基#82(FR3内)是天冬氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为谷氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12B7的VH的残基#82(FR3的残基#16)从天冬氨酸“回复突变”为谷氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一个例子是,对于13G4,氨基酸残基#27(FR1内)是异亮氨酸,而在相应的VH 1-69种系序列中该残基为苯丙氨酸。为了使构架区序列恢复为其种系构型,例如,可以将12B7的VH的残基#27从异亮氨酸“回复突变”为苯丙氨酸。这种“回复突变”的抗体也包括在本发明内。
另一种类型的构架修饰涉及对构架区内、乃至一个或多个CDR区内的一个或多个残基进行突变,以除去T细胞表位,从而降低该抗体的潜在的免疫原性。该方法也被称为“脱免疫”,在Carr等的公布号为20030153043的美国专利中详细记载。
除了在构架区或CDR区内进行的修饰以外,或者作为它的替代方案,也可以将本发明的抗体改造为在Fc区内包括修饰,一般是为了改变该抗体的一种或多种功能特性,如血清半衰期、补体固定、Fc受体结合和/或抗原依赖性细胞毒性。此外,也可以将本发明的抗体化学修饰(例如一个或多个化学部分可以连接到该抗体上),或者修饰改变其糖基化,以改变该抗体的一种或多种功能特性。这些实施方案均在下文详细描述。Fc区中残基的编号是Kabat的EU指数的编号。
在一个实施方案中,修饰CH1的铰链区,使该铰链区中半胱氨酸残基的数目改变,例如增加或减少。该方法在Bodmer等的美国专利No.5,677,425号中详细记载。改变CH1铰链区中半胱氨酸的数目是为了(例如)促进轻链和重链的装配,或提高或降低抗体的稳定性。
在另一实施方案中,对抗体的Fc铰链区进行突变,以降低该抗体的生物半衰期。更具体地,向Fc-铰链片段的CH2-CH3结构域界面区引入一个或多个氨基酸突变,使得该抗体与葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)的结合比天然Fc-铰链结构域与SpA的结合减弱。该方法在Ward等的美国专利No.6,165,745号中详细记载。
在另一实施方案中,修饰抗体以提高其生物半衰期。可以使用各种方法。例如,如Ward的美国专利No.6,277,375所述,可以引入一个或多个如下突变:T252L、T254S、T256F。或者,如Presta等的美国专利No.5,869,046和6,121,022所述,为了提高生物半衰期,该抗体可以在CH1或CL区内进行改变,使之含有来自IgG Fc区CH2结构域的两个环的补救受体结合表位。
在其他一些实施方案中,通过将至少一个氨基酸残基置换为不同的氨基酸残基来改变Fc区,以改变抗体的效应功能。例如,可以将选自氨基酸残基234、235、236、237、297、318、320、322的一个或多个氨基酸置换为不同的氨基酸残基,使得该抗体对效应配体的亲和力改变,但是保留亲本抗体的抗原结合能力。其亲和力被改变的效应配体可以是,例如,Fc受体或补体的Cl成分。该方法在Winter等的美国专利No.5,624,821和5,648,260中更详细地描述。
在另外一个实施例中,可以将选自氨基酸残基329、331和322的一个或多个氨基酸置换为不同的氨基酸残基,使得该抗体的C1q结合改变和/或补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)降低或消除。该方法在Idusogie等的美国专利No.6,194,551中更详细地描述。
在另外一个实施例中,改变氨基酸位点231和239中的一个或多个氨基酸残基,从而改变该抗体固定补体的能力。该方法在Bodmer等的PCT公布WO 94/29351中进一步描述。
在另外一个实施例中,为了提高抗体介导抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC)的能力和/或提高抗体对Fcγ受体的亲和力,通过在下列位点处修饰一个或多个氨基酸来修饰Fc区:238、239、248、249、252、254、255、256、258、265、267、268、269、270、272、276、278、280、283、285、286、289、290、292、293、294、295、296、298、301、303、305、307、309、312、315、320、322、324、326、327、329、330、331、333、334、335、337、338、340、360、373、376、378、382、388、389、398、414、416、419、430、434、435、437、438或439。该方法在Presta的PCT公布WO 00/42072中进一步描述。而且,人IgG1上对于FcγRI、FcγRII、FcγRIII和FcRn的结合位点已经作图,并且已经描述了具有改善的结合的变体(参见,Shields,R.L.等(2001)J.Biol.Chem.276:6591-6604)。位点256、290、298、333、334和339处的特定突变显示改善了与FcγRIII的结合。另外,下列组合突变体显示改善了与FcγRIII的结合:T256A/S298A,S298A/E333A,S298A/K224A和S298A/E333A/K334A。
在另一实施方案中,修饰抗体的糖基化。例如,可以制备无糖基化的抗体(即该抗体缺乏糖基化)。例如,为了提高抗体对抗原的亲和力,可以改变糖基化。这样的碳水化合物修饰可以通过(例如)改变抗体序列内的一个或多个糖基化位点来实现。例如,可以进行一个或多个氨基酸置换,使一个或多个可变区构架糖基化位点消失,从而消除该位点处的糖基化。这种无糖基化可以提高抗体对抗原的亲和力。这种方法在Co等的美国专利No.5,714,350和6,350,861中更详细地描述。
在某些其他实施方案中,可以制备糖基化类型改变的抗体,如岩藻糖基残基数目减少的低岩藻糖基化抗体,或等分GlcNac结构增多的抗体。已经证明这种改变的糖基化模式提高了抗体的ADCC能力。这种碳水化合物修饰可以通过(例如)在糖基化机制改变的宿主细胞中表达抗体来实现。糖基化机制改变的细胞在本领域中已有描述,能够用作宿主细胞,在其中表达本发明的重组抗体,从而产生糖基化改变的抗体。例如,细胞系Ms704、Ms705和Ms709缺乏岩藻糖基转移酶基因,FUT8(α(1,6)岩藻糖基转移酶基因),因此在Ms704、Ms705和Ms709细胞系中表达的抗体在它们的碳水化合物中缺乏岩藻糖。通过使用两种替代载体定向破坏CHO/DG44细胞中的FUT8基因,产生Ms704、Ms705和Ms709FUT8-/-细胞系(参见Yamane等的美国专利申请No.20040110704和Yamane-Ohnuki等.(2004)Biotechnol Bioeng 87:614-22)。另一个例子是,Hanai等的EP 1,176,195描述了具有功能破坏的FUT8基因的细胞系,该基因编码岩藻糖转移酶,由于减少或消除了α(1,6)键相关的酶,在这种细胞系中表达的抗体表现为低岩藻糖基化。Hanai等也描述了用于向结合抗体Fc区的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺上添加岩藻糖的酶活性低或不具有酶活性的细胞系,例如大鼠骨髓瘤细胞系YB2/0(ATCC CRL 1662)。Presta的PCT公布WO 03/035835记载了一种变异CHO细胞系,Lec13细胞,其将岩藻糖连接到Asn(297)-连接的碳水化合物上的能力降低,也导致在该宿主细胞中表达的抗体为低岩藻糖基化(参见,Shields,R.L.等(2001)J.Biol.Chem.277:26733-26740)。Umana等的PCT公布WO99/54342记载了表达糖蛋白修饰的糖基转移酶(例如β(1,4)-N-乙酰葡糖氨基转移酶III(GnTIII))的工程化细胞系,因此该工程化细胞系中表达的抗体表现为等分GlcNac结构增加,导致抗体的ADCC活性提高(参见,Umana等(1999)Nat.Biotech.17:176-180)。此外,抗体的岩藻糖残基可以用岩藻糖苷酶切下。例如,岩藻糖苷酶α-L-岩藻糖苷酶从抗体上除去岩藻糖残基(Tarentino,A.L.等.(1975)Biochem.14:5516-23)。
本发明涉及的对此处所述抗体的另一种修饰是PEG化。例如,为了提高抗体的生物(例如血清)半衰期,可以将该抗体PEG化。为了PEG化一种抗体,一般在一个或多个PEG基团与抗体或抗体片段连接的条件下,将该抗体或其片段与聚乙二醇(PEG)如PEG的反应性酯或醛衍生物反应。优选地,通过与反应性PEG分子(或类似的反应性水溶性聚合物)的酰化反应或烷基化反应进行PEG化。本文使用的术语“聚乙二醇”包括用来衍生化其他蛋白质的任何PEG形式,如单(C1-C10)烷氧基-或芳氧基-聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇-马来酰亚胺。在某些实施方案中,将要PEG化的抗体是一种无糖基化的抗体。将蛋白质PEG化的方法在本领域中公知,并且可以用于本发明的抗体。参见,例如,Nishimura等的EP 0 154316和Ishikawa等的EP 0 401 384。
抗体工程化方法
如上所述,能够利用具有此处公开的VH和VK序列的抗-PD-L1抗体,通过修饰VH和/或VK序列或与之连接的恒定区,产生新的抗-PD-L1抗体。因此,在本发明的另一方面,利用本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体(例如3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4)的结构特征,产生结构上相关的抗-PD-L1抗体,该结构上相关的抗体保留本发明抗体的至少一种功能特性,如与人PD-L1结合。如上所述,例如,3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7或13G4的一个或多个CDR区或其突变可以与已知的构架区和/或其他CDR重组组合,从而产生另外的重组工程化的本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体。其他类型的修饰包括以上部分所述的修饰。用于工程化方法的起始材料是此处提供的一种或多种VH和/或VK序列,或其一个或多个CDR区。为了产生工程化抗体,不一定必须实际制备(即表达为蛋白质)具有此处提供的一种或多种VH和/或VK序列,或其一个或多个CDR区的抗体。而是用该序列中所含的信息作为起始材料,产生由原始序列衍生的“第二代”序列,然后制备该“第二代”序列,并将其表达为蛋白质。
因此,在另一实施方案中,本发明提供一种制备抗-PD-L1抗体的方法,包括:
(a)提供:(i)重链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的CDR1序列、选自SEQ IDNO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的CDR2序列、和/或选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的CDR3序列;和/或(ii)轻链可变区抗体序列,其包含选自SEQ IDNO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的CDR1序列、选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的CDR2序列、和/或选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的CDR3序列;
(b)改变重链可变区抗体序列和/或轻链可变区抗体序列内的至少一个氨基酸残基,从而产生至少一个改变的抗体序列;和
(c)将该改变的抗体序列表达为蛋白质。
可以利用标准分子生物学技术制备和表达所述改变的抗体序列。
优选地,由改变的抗体序列编码的抗体保留此处所述抗-PD-L1抗体的一种、一些或全部功能特性,该功能特性包括但不限于:
(i)以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(ii)在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(iii)在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;
(iv)在MLR试验中提高IL-2分泌;
(v)刺激抗体应答;和/或
(vi)逆转T调节细胞对T细胞效应细胞和/或树突细胞的作用。
改变的抗体的功能特性可以用本领域中使用的和/或此处所述的(如实施例中所述的)标准试验(例如流式细胞术、结合测定)来评价。
在本发明抗体的工程化方法的某些实施方案中,可以沿全部或部分抗-PD-L1抗体编码序列随机或选择性引入突变,并可以针对结合活性和/或如此处所述的其他功能特性,筛选获得的修饰的抗-PD-L1抗体。突变方法在本领域中已经描述。例如,Short的PCT公布WO 02/092780记载了利用饱和诱变、合成连接装配或它们的组合产生和筛选抗体突变的方法。另外,Lazar等的PCT公布WO 03/074679也记载了利用计算筛选方法优化抗体的生理化学性质的方法。
编码本发明的抗体的核酸分子
本发明的另一方面涉及编码本发明的抗体的核酸分子。该核酸可以存在于完整细胞、细胞裂解物中,或以部分纯化或基本上纯的形式存在。当通过包括碱/SDS处理、CsCl显带、柱层析、琼脂糖凝胶电泳在内的标准技术和本领域公知的其他方法与其他细胞成分或其他污染物(例如其他细胞核酸或蛋白质)分离纯化时,核酸是“分离的”或“基本上纯的”。参见,F.Ausubel等ed.(1987)Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Greene Publishing and Wiley Interscience,New York。本发明的核酸可以是例如DNA或RNA,并且可以含有或者可以不含内含子序列。在一个优选实施方案中,该核酸是cDNA分子。
本发明的核酸可以利用标准分子生物学技术获得。对于杂交瘤(例如,由如下文进一步描述的携带人免疫球蛋白基因的转基因小鼠制备的杂交瘤)表达的抗体,编码由杂交瘤制备的抗体轻链和重链的cDNA可以用标准PCR扩增或cDNA克隆技术获得。对于从免疫球蛋白基因文库中获得的抗体(例如使用噬菌体展示技术),可以从文库中回收编码该抗体的一种或多种核酸。
本发明优选的核酸分子是编码3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4单克隆抗体的VH和VL序列的核酸分子。编码3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VH序列的DNA序列分别在SEQ ID NO:81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89和90中示出。编码3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4的VL序列的DNA序列分别在SEQ ID NO:91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99和100中示出。
一旦获得编码VH和VL片段的DNA片段,即可通过标准重组DNA技术进一步操作这些DNA片段,例如将可变区基因转化为全长抗体链基因、Fab片段基因或scFv基因。在这些操作中,编码VL或VH的DNA片段与编码另外一种蛋白质如抗体恒定区或柔性连接体的另一个DNA片段有效连接。如本文使用的术语“有效连接”意思是两个DNA片段连接在一起,使得这两个DNA片段编码的氨基酸序列保持符合阅读框。
通过将编码VH的DNA与编码重链恒定区(CH1、CH2和CH3)的另外一种DNA分子有效连接,可以将分离的编码VH区的DNA转化为全长重链基因。人重链恒定区基因的序列在本领域中公知(参见,例如,Kabat,E.A.等(1991)Sequences of Proteins of Immunologicl Interest,第五版,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,NIH出版号91-3242),包括这些区域的DNA片段可以通过标准PCR扩增获得。重链恒定区可以是IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA、IgE、IgM或IgD恒定区,但是最优选的是IgG1或IgG4恒定区。对于Fab片段重链基因,编码VH的DNA可以与只编码重链CH1恒定区的另外一种DNA分子有效连接。
通过将编码VL的DNA与编码轻链恒定区CL的另外一种DNA分子有效连接,可以将分离的编码VL区的DNA转化为全长轻链基因(以及Fab轻链基因)。人轻链恒定区基因的序列在本领域中公知(参见,例如,Kabat,E.A.等(1991)Sequences of Proteins of Immunologicl Interest,第五版,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,NIH出版号91-3242),包括这些区域的DNA片段可以通过标准PCR扩增获得。在优选的实施方案中,轻链恒定区可以是κ或λ恒定区,但最优选地是κ恒定区。
为了产生scFv基因,将编码VH和VL的DNA片段与编码柔性连接体例如编码氨基酸序列(Gly4-Ser)3的另外一个片段有效连接,使得VH和VL序列可以表达为连续的单链蛋白质,其VL和VH区通过该柔性连接体连接(参见,例如Bird等(1988)Science 242:423-426;Huston等(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883;McCafferty等(1990)Nature348:552-554)。
本发明的单克隆抗体的产生
本发明的单克隆抗体(mAb)能够通过多种技术制备,包括常规的单克隆抗体方法,例如,Kohler和Milstein(1975)Nature 256:495所述的标准体细胞杂交技术。虽然优选体细胞杂交技术,但是原则上,能使用制备单克隆抗体的其他技术,例如B淋巴细胞的病毒或致癌转化。
用于制备杂交瘤的优选的动物系统是鼠系统。用小鼠产生杂交瘤是一种完善建立的程序。免疫程序和分离用于融合的被免疫脾细胞的技术是本领域公知的。融合配偶体(例如鼠骨髓瘤细胞)和融合程序也是公知的。
本发明的嵌合或人源化抗体可以基于如上所述获得的鼠单克隆抗体的序列来制备。编码重链和轻链免疫球蛋白的DNA可以从目标鼠杂交瘤中获得,并且使用标准分子生物学技术将其改造为含有非鼠(例如人类)免疫球蛋白序列。例如,为了产生嵌合抗体,可以利用本领域公知的方法将鼠可变区连接到人恒定区上(参见,例如,Cabilly等的美国专利No.4,816,567)。为了产生人源化抗体,可以利用本领域公知的方法将鼠CDR区插入人构架内(参见,例如,Winter的美国专利No.5,225,539,和Queen等的美国专利No.5,530,101;5,585,089;5,693,762和6,180,370)。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的抗体是人单克隆抗体。这种抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体能用携带部分人免疫系统而不是小鼠系统的转基因或转染色体小鼠产生。这些转基因和转染色体小鼠包括在此分别被称作HuMab小鼠和KM小鼠TM的小鼠,并且在此通称为“人Ig小鼠”。
HuMab小鼠(Medarex,Inc.)包含编码未重排的人重链(μ和γ)和κ轻链免疫球蛋白序列的人免疫球蛋白基因小基因座,和使内源μ和κ链基因座失活的定向突变(参见,例如,Lonberg等(1994)Nature 368(6474):856-859)。因此,该小鼠表现为小鼠IgM或κ表达降低,并且响应于免疫,导入的人重链和轻链转基因经历类别转换和体细胞突变,从而产生高亲和力人IgGκ单克隆抗体(Lonberg,N.等(1994),同上;综述Lonberg,N.(1994)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 113:49-101;Lonberg,N.和Huszar,D.(1995)Intern.Rev.Immunol.Vol.13:65-93,和Harding,F.和Lonberg,N.(1995)Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci 764:536-546)。HuMab小鼠的制备和使用,以及该小鼠携带的基因组修饰,在下面的文献中详细描述:Taylor,L.等(1992)Nucleic Acids Research 20:6287-6295;Chen,J.等(1993)Intemational Immunology 5:647-656;Tuaillon等(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 90:3720-3724;Choi等(1993)Nature Genetics 4:117-123;Chen,J.等(1993)EMBO J.12:821-830;Tuaillon等(1994)J.Immunol.152:2912-2920;Taylor,L.等(1994)International Immunology6:579-591;和Fishwild,D.等(1996)Nature Biotechnology 14:845-851,这些文献的内容全文引入本文作为参考。进一步参见,Lonberg和Kay的美国专利No.5,545,806;5,569,825;5,625,126;5,633,425;5,789,650;5,877,397;5,661,016;5,814,318;5,874,299;和5,770,429;和Surani等的美国专利No.5,545,807;Lonberg和Kay的PCT公布号WO 92/03918,WO 93/12227,WO 94/25585,WO 97/13852,WO 98/24884和WO99/45962;和Korman等的PCT公布号WO 01/14424。
在另一实施方案中,可以用转基因和转染色体上携带人免疫球蛋白序列的小鼠,例如携带人重链转基因和人轻链转染色体的小鼠,产生本发明的人抗体。这种小鼠在此被称为“KM小鼠TM”,在Ishida等的PCT公布WO 02/43478中详细描述。
再者,表达人免疫球蛋白基因的替代转基因动物系统在本领域中可以获得,能够用来产生本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体。例如,可以使用一种被称作Xenomouse(Abgenix,Inc.)的替代转基因系统,这种小鼠在例如Kucherlapati等的美国专利No.5,939,598;6,075,181;6,114,598;6,150,584和6,162,963中描述。
而且,表达人免疫球蛋白基因的替代转染色体动物系统在本领域中可以获得,能够用来产生本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体。例如,可以使用携带人重链转染色体和人轻链转染色体的小鼠,其被称作“TC小鼠”;这种小鼠在Tomizuka等(2000)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97:722-727中描述。另外,本领域中已经描述了携带人重链和轻链转染色体的牛(Kuroiwa等(2002)Nature Biotechnology 20:889-894),其能够用来产生本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体。
本发明的人单克隆抗体也可以使用用于筛查人免疫球蛋白基因文库的噬菌体展示方法制备。这种用于分离人抗体的噬菌体展示方法在本领域中已经建立。参见,例如,Ladner等的美国专利No.5,223,409;5,403,484;和5,571,698;Dower等的美国专利No.5,427,908和5,580,717;McCafferty等的美国专利No.5,969,108和6,172,197;和Griffiths等的美国专利No.5,885,793;6,521,404;6,544,731;6,555,313;6,582,9130,31,32,33,34,35和36,593,081。
本发明的人单克隆抗体也可以用SCID小鼠制备,该SCID小鼠中重构了人免疫细胞,因此在免疫时能够产生人抗体应答。这种小鼠在例如Wilson等的美国专利No.5,476,996和5,698,767中描述。
人Ig小鼠的免疫
当使用人Ig小鼠产生本发明的人抗体时,根据Lonberg,N.等(1994)Nature 368(6474):856-859;Fishwild,D.等(1996)Nature Biotechnology14:845-851;和PCT公布WO 98/24884和WO 01/14424所述,用纯化的或富集的PD-L1抗原和/或重组PD-L1或PD-L1融合蛋白的制剂免疫该小鼠。优选地,第一次输注时小鼠为6-16周龄。例如,可以使用纯化的或重组的PD-L1抗原的制剂(5-50μg)腹膜内免疫人Ig小鼠。
产生抗PD-L1完全人单克隆抗体的详细程序在下面的实施例1中描述。应用各种抗原积累的经验证明,当最初使用弗氏完全佐剂中的抗原腹膜内(IP)免疫,接着隔周用弗氏不完全佐剂中的抗原腹膜内免疫(最多共六次)时,转基因小鼠产生应答。但是,发现弗氏佐剂之外的佐剂也是有效的。另外,发现在没有佐剂时,全细胞具有高度免疫原性。在免疫方案进程中用眼眶后取血获得的血浆样品监测免疫应答。通过ELISA(如下所述)筛选血浆,用具有足够抗-PD-L1人免疫球蛋白效价的小鼠进行融合。用抗原对小鼠进行静脉内加强免疫,3天后处死并且取出脾脏。预期每次免疫可能需要2-3次融合。每一种抗原一般免疫6-24只小鼠。通常HCo7和HCo12系都使用。另外,HCo7和HCo12转基因可以杂交,产生具有两种不同人重链转基因(HCo7/HCo12)的一种小鼠。可替代地或者另外,如实施例1所述,可以使用KM小鼠TM系。
产生本发明的人单克隆抗体的杂交瘤的制备
为了制备产生本发明的人单克隆抗体的杂交瘤,从被免疫的小鼠中分离脾细胞和/或淋巴结细胞,并且与合适的无限增殖化细胞系(例如小鼠骨髓瘤细胞系)融合。根据抗原特异性抗体的产生筛选得到的杂交瘤。例如,可以使用50%PEG,将来自被免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞的单细胞悬液与六分之一数量的P3X63-Ag8.653非分泌小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(ATCC,CRL 1580)融合。将细胞以大约2×105的密度接种于平底微量滴定板中,接着在含有20%胎克隆血清,18%“653”条件基质,5%Origen(IGEN),4mM L-谷氨酰胺,1mM丙酮酸钠,5mM HEPES,0.055mM 2-巯基乙醇,50单位/毫升青霉素,50mg/ml链霉素,50mg/ml庆大霉素和1×HAT(Sigma;融合后24小时加入HAT)的选择性培养基中温育两周。大约两周之后,在用HT替换了HAT的培养基中培养细胞。然后通过ELISA根据人单克隆IgM和IgG抗体筛选各孔。一旦发生广泛的杂交瘤生长,则通常在10-14天之后观察培养基。将分泌抗体的杂交瘤再次平板接种,再次筛选,如果对于人IgG仍然是阳性,则可以通过有限稀释将单克隆抗体至少亚克隆两次。然后体外培养稳定的亚克隆,以在组织培养基中产生少量抗体用于表征。
为了纯化人单克隆抗体,选择的杂交瘤可以在用于单克隆抗体纯化的两升旋转摇瓶中生长。过滤上清液,浓缩,之后用蛋白A-sepharose(Pharmacia,Piscataway,N.J.)进行亲和层析。洗脱下来的IgG通过凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱法检查以确保纯度。将缓冲溶液换成PBS,用1.43的消光系数根据OD280确定浓度。可将单克隆抗体分成等份并且在-80℃下保存。
产生本发明的单克隆抗体的转染瘤的制备
利用(例如)本领域公知的重组DNA技术和基因转染方法的组合(例如,Morrison,S.(1985)science 229:1202),也能在宿主细胞转染瘤中产生本发明的抗体。
例如,为了表达抗体或其抗体片段,可通过标准分子生物学技术(例如,使用表达目标抗体的杂交瘤进行PCR扩增或cDNA克隆),获得编码部分或全长轻链和重链的DNA,并将该DNA插入到表达载体中,使得基因与转录和翻译控制序列有效连接。在上下文中,术语“有效连接”意思是抗体基因连接到载体中,使得载体中的转录和翻译控制序列发挥它们调节该抗体基因的转录和翻译的预期功能。选择与所用的表达宿主细胞相匹配的表达载体和表达控制序列。抗体轻链基因和抗体重链基因可被插入到分开的载体中,或者,更通常地,将两个基因插入到同一表达载体中。通过标准方法将抗体基因插入到表达载体中(例如,抗体基因片段上的互补限制性位点与载体连接,或者如果不存在限制性位点的活,则平端连接)。通过插入到已经编码期望的同种型的重链恒定区和轻链恒定区的表达载体中,使得VH区段与载体中的CH区段有效连接,而VK区段与载体中的CL区段有效连接,可以利用本文描述的抗体的轻链和重链可变区产生任意抗体同种型的全长抗体基因。另外,或者可替代地,重组表达载体能编码有利于宿主细胞分泌抗体链的信号肽。可将抗体链基因克隆到载体中,使得信号肽与该抗体链基因的氨基末端符合阅读框地连接。信号肽可以是免疫球蛋白信号肽或异源信号肽(即,来自非免疫球蛋白的蛋白质的信号肽)。
除了抗体链基因,本发明的重组表达载体还带有控制该抗体链基因在宿主细胞中表达的调节序列。术语“调节序列”包括启动子、增强子和控制抗体链基因转录或翻译的其他表达控制元件(例如,多腺苷酸化信号)。这样的调节序列例如在Goeddel(Gene Expression Technology.Methods in Enzymology 185,Academic Press,San Diego,CA(1990))中描述。本领域技术人员应当理解,表达载体的设计,包括调节序列的选择,取决于诸如要转化的宿主细胞的选择、期望的蛋白质表达水平等因素。用于哺乳动物宿主细胞表达的优选调节序列包括指导蛋白质在哺乳动物细胞中高水平表达的病毒元件,例如来源于巨细胞病毒(CMV)、猿病毒40(SV40)、腺病毒(例如,腺病毒主要晚期启动子(AdMLP))和多瘤病毒的启动子和/或增强子。可替代地可以使用非病毒调节序列,例如泛蛋白启动子或β-珠蛋白启动子。另外,调节元件也可由来自诸如SRα启动子系统等不同来源的序列组成,SRα启动子系统含有来自SV40早期启动子的序列和人1型T细胞白血病病毒的长末端重复序列(Takebe,Y.等(1988)Mol.Cell.Biol.8:466-472)。
除了抗体链基因和调节序列以外,本发明的重组表达载体还可以携带另外的序列,例如调节载体在宿主细胞中复制的序列(例如,复制起点)和选择性标记基因。选择性标记基因有利于筛选载体已经导入其中的宿主细胞(参见,例如,Axel等的美国专利No.4,399,216,4,634,665和5,179,017)。例如,选择性标记基因一般给已经导入载体的宿主细胞带来抗药性,例如G418、潮霉素或氨甲喋呤抗性。优选的选择性标记基因包括二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)基因(在dhfr-宿主细胞中用于氨甲喋呤选择/扩增)和neo基因(用于G418选择)。
为了表达轻链和重链,通过标准技术将编码重链和轻链的表达载体转染到宿主细胞中。术语“转染”的各种形式包括常用于将外源DNA导入原核或真核宿主细胞中的各种技术,例如,电穿孔、磷酸钙沉淀、DEAE-葡聚糖转染等等。虽然在理论上可以在原核或真核宿主细胞中表达本发明的抗体,但是优选在真核细胞中,最优选在哺乳动物宿主细胞中表达该抗体,因为这样的真核细胞,特别是哺乳动物细胞,比原核细胞更可能组装和分泌正确折叠并且具有免疫活性的抗体。据报道,原核表达抗体基因无法高产率地产生活性抗体(Boss,M.A.和Wood,C.R.(1985)Immunology Today 6:12-13)。
用于表达本发明的重组抗体的优选哺乳动物宿主细胞包括中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO细胞)(包括Urlaub和Chasin,(1980)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77:4216-4220中描述的dhfr-CHO细胞,和DHFR选择性标记一起使用,例如,如R.J.Kaufman和P.A.Sharp(1982)Mol.Biol.159:601-621所述)、NSO骨髓瘤细胞、COS细胞和SP2细胞。特别地,用于NSO骨髓瘤细胞的另一种优选表达系统是WO 87/04462、WO89/01036和EP 338,841公开的GS基因表达系统。当将编码抗体基因的重组表达载体导入哺乳动物宿主细胞中时,通过将宿主细胞培养足以使抗体在宿主细胞中表达的时间,或更优选地,培养足以使抗体分泌到宿主细胞生长的培养基中的时间,而产生抗体。可应用标准蛋白质纯化方法从培养基中回收抗体。
抗体与抗原结合的表征
通过(例如)标准ELISA,可以检测本发明的抗体与PD-L1的结合。简要地说,用0.25μg/ml的纯化PD-L1在PBS中的溶液包被微量滴定板,然后用PBS中的5%牛血清白蛋白封闭。向各个孔中加入抗体的稀释液(例如,来自PD-L1免疫小鼠的血浆的稀释液),并且在37℃下温育1-2小时。用PBS/Tween洗涤培养板,之后和与碱性磷酸酶偶联的第二试剂(例如,对于人抗体,为山羊抗人IgG Fc特异性多克隆试剂)一起在37℃下温育1小时。洗涤后,培养板用pNPP底物(1mg/ml)显色,并且在OD 405-650下分析。优选地,用表现出最高效价的小鼠进行融合。
如上所述的ELISA分析也可以用来筛选表现出与PD-L1免疫原有阳性反应性的杂交瘤。将与PD-L1高亲合力结合的杂交瘤进行亚克隆,并且进一步表征。从每个杂交瘤中选择保留母细胞反应性的一个克隆(通过ELISA),制备5-10小瓶细胞库,保存在-140℃下,用于抗体纯化。
为了纯化抗-PD-L1抗体,选择的杂交瘤在用于单克隆抗体纯化的两升旋转摇瓶中生长。过滤上清液并且浓缩,然后用蛋白A-sepharose(Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ)进行亲和层析。通过凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱检查洗脱的IgG以确保纯度。将缓冲溶液换成PBS,并且使用1.43的消光系数根据OD280确定浓度。将单克隆抗体分成等份并且在-80℃下保存。
为了确定选择的抗-PD-L1单克隆抗体是否与独特表位结合,可以使用商售试剂(Pierce,Rockford,IL)将每种抗体生物素化。可以使用如上所述的PD-L1包被的ELISA板,应用未标记的单克隆抗体和生物素化单克隆抗体进行竞争研究。可以使用链霉抗生物素蛋白-碱性磷酸酶探针检测生物素化mAb的结合。
为了确定被纯化的抗体的同种型,可以用对特定同种型抗体具有特异性的试剂进行同种型ELISA。例如,为了确定人单克隆抗体的同种型,在4℃下用1μg/ml抗人免疫球蛋白包被微量滴定板的孔过夜。用1%BSA封闭之后,平板与1μg/ml或更少的测试单克隆抗体或纯化的同种型对照物在室温下反应1-2小时。这些孔然后与人IgG1或人IgM特异性碱性磷酸酶偶联的探针反应。如上所述使平板显色并且分析。
可以通过Western印迹法进一步检测抗-PD-L1人IgG与PD-L1抗原的反应性。简要地说,制备PD-L1并进行十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。电泳后,将分离的抗原转移到硝酸纤维素膜上,用10%胎牛血清封闭,并用待检测的单克隆抗体探查。人IgG的结合可以用抗人IgG碱性磷酸酶检测,并用BCIP/NBT底物片(Sigma Chem.Co.,St.Louis,Mo.)显色。
抗体的物理性质
本发明的抗体可以进一步通过抗PD-L1抗体的各种物理性质进行表征。可以利用各种试验基于这些物理性质检测和/或区分不同类别的抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体可以在轻链或重链可变区中含有一个或多个糖基化位点。可变区中一个或多个糖基化位点的存在可能由于抗原结合改变而导致抗体的免疫原性提高或者抗体的pK改变(Marshall等(1972)Annu Rev Biochem 41:673-702;Gala FA和MorrisonSL(2004)J Immunol 172:5489-94;Wallick等人(1988)J Exp Med168:1099-109;Spiro RG(2002)Glycobiology 12:43R-56R;Parekh等(1985)Nature 316:452-7;Mimura等人(2000)Mol Immunol 37:697-706)。已知糖基化在含有N-X-S/T序列的基序处发生。可变区糖基化可以用Glycoblot试验进行检测,该试验切割抗体,产生Fab,然后利用测定高碘酸盐氧化和席夫碱形成的试验检测糖基化。或者,可变区糖基化也可以用Dionex光层析法(Dionex-LC)检测,该方法从Fab上切下糖成为单糖,并且分析各个糖的含量。在某些情况中,优选不含可变区糖基化的抗-PD-L1抗体。这可以通过选择在可变区中不含糖基化基序的抗体或者利用本领域公知的标准技术突变糖基化基序内的残基来实现。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的抗体不含天冬酰胺异构化位点。脱酰胺或异天冬氨酸作用可以分别在N-G或D-G序列上发生。脱酰胺或异天冬氨酸作用导致产生异天冬氨酸,这通过在侧链羧基末端而不是在主链上产生扭结的结构而降低了抗体的稳定性。异天冬氨酸的产生可以用iso-quant试验来测定,该试验利用反相HPLC检测异天冬氨酸。
每种抗体具有独特的等电点(pI),但是通常抗体落入6至9.5的pH范围内。IgG1抗体的pI一般落入7-9.5的pH范围内,IgG4抗体的pI一般落入6-8的pH范围内。抗体可以具有该范围之外的pI。尽管这种作用通常未知,但是推测pI落于正常范围之外的抗体在体内条件下可能具有一定的解折叠和不稳定性。等电点可以用毛细管等电聚焦试验来测定,该试验产生pH梯度,并且可以利用激光聚焦来提高精确性(Janini等(2002)Electrophoresis 23:1605-11;Ma等(2001)Chromatographia 53:S75-89;Hunt等(1998)J Chromatogr A 800:355-67)。在某些情况中,优选pI值落入正常范围内的抗PD-L1抗体。这可以通过选择pI位于正常范围内的抗体或者通过利用本领域公知的标准技术突变带电荷的表面残基来实现。
每种抗体的熔解温度指示热稳定性(Krishnamurthy R和ManningMC(2002)Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3:361-71)。较高的热稳定性表示在体内有较高的总体抗体稳定性。抗体的熔点可以用诸如差示扫描量热法(Chen等(2003)Pharm Res 20:1952-60;Ghirlando等(1999)Immunol Lett68:47-52)等技术来测量。TM1表示抗体最初解折叠的温度。TM2表示抗体完全解折叠的温度。通常,优选地本发明的抗体的TM1大于60℃,优选大于65℃,甚至更优选大于70℃。此外,抗体的热稳定性也可以利用圆二色性来测量(Murray等(2002)J.Chromatogr Sci 40:343-9)。本文公开的抗PD-L1抗体的热稳定性总结在表1中。
表1
在一个优选实施方案中,选择不快速降解的抗体。抗PD-L1抗体的破裂可以用本领域公知的毛细管电泳(CE)和MALDI-MS来测定(Alexander AJ和Hughes DE(1995)Anal Chem 67:3626-32)。
在另一个优选实施方案中,选择具有最小的聚集作用的抗体。聚集可以导致触发不希望的免疫应答和/或改变的或不利的药代动力学性质。通常,抗体具有25%或更少的聚集是可以接受的,优选20%或更少,甚至更优选15%或更少,甚至更优选10%或更少,甚至更优选5%或更少。聚集可以用本领域公知的几种技术来测定,包括大小排阻柱(SEC)高效液相层析(HPLC)和光散射法,用来鉴定单体、二聚体、三聚体或多聚体。
免疫偶联物
另一方面,本发明涉及与诸如细胞毒素、药物(例如免疫抑制剂)或放射性毒素等治疗性部分偶联的抗-PD-L1抗体或其片段。这些偶联物在此被称为“免疫偶联物”。包括一个或多个细胞毒素的免疫偶联物被称作“免疫毒素”。细胞毒素或细胞毒剂包括对细胞有害(例如杀伤细胞)的任何试剂。实例包括:紫杉醇、细胞松弛素B、短杆菌肽D、溴化乙啶、吐根碱、丝裂霉素、表鬼臼毒吡喃葡糖苷、表鬼臼毒噻吩糖苷、长春新碱、长春碱、秋水仙素、阿霉素、柔红霉素、二羟基炭疽菌素二酮、米托蒽醌、光辉霉素、放线菌素D、1-脱氢睾酮、糖皮质激素、普鲁卡因、丁卡因、利多卡因、普萘洛尔和嘌呤霉素和它们的类似物或同系物。治疗剂还包括,例如:抗代谢物(例如,氨甲喋呤、6-巯基嘌呤、6-硫代鸟嘌呤、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、氨烯咪胺(decarbazine)),烷化剂(例如,氮芥、苯丁酸氮芥(thioepa chlorambucil)、苯丙氨酸氮芥、卡莫司汀(BSNU)和洛莫司汀(CCNU)、环磷酰胺、白消安、二溴甘露糖醇、链唑霉素、丝裂霉素C和顺-二氯二胺合铂(II)(DDP)顺铂),氨茴霉素类(例如,柔红菌素(以前称为道诺霉素)和阿霉素),抗生素(例如,放线菌素D(以前称为放线菌素)、博来霉素、光辉霉素和安曲霉素(AMC)),和抗有丝分裂剂(例如,长春新碱和长春碱)。
能与本发明抗体偶联的治疗性细胞毒素的其他优选例子包括倍癌霉素、刺孢霉素、美坦生、auristatin、和它们的衍生物。刺孢霉素抗体偶联物的一个例子是可作为商品购得的(MylotargTM;Wyeth-Ayerst)。
可以利用本领域使用的连接体技术将细胞毒素与本发明的抗体偶联。已经用于将细胞毒素与抗体偶联的连接体类型的实例包括但不限于腙、硫醚、酯、二硫化物和含肽的连接体。可以选择,例如,在溶酶体区室内易被低pH切割或易被蛋白酶切割的连接体,该蛋白酶例如是在肿瘤组织中优先表达的蛋白酶,如组织蛋白酶(例如组织蛋白酶B、C、D)。
关于细胞毒素的类型、用于偶联治疗剂与抗体的连接体和方法的进一步讨论,参见Saito,G.等(2003)Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.55:199-215;Trail,P.A.等(2003)Cancer.Immunol.Immunother.52:328-337;Payne,G.(2003)Cancer Cell 3:207-212;Allen,T.M.(2002)Nat.Rev.Cancer 2:750-763;Pastan,I.和Kreitman,R.J.(2002)Curr.Opin.Investig.Drugs 3:1089-1091;Senter,P.D.和Springer,C.J.(2001)AdV.Drug Deliv.Rev.53:247-264。
本发明的抗体也可以与放射性同位素偶联,产生细胞毒性放射性药物,也被称作放射性免疫偶联物。能够与诊断或治疗性使用的抗体偶联的放射性同位素的例子包括但不限于碘131、铟111、钇90和镥177。制备放射性免疫偶联物的方法在本领域中已经建立。放射性免疫偶联物的例子可以作为商品获得,包括ZevalinTM(IDEC Pharmaceuticals)和BexxarTM(Corixa Pharmaceuticals),并且能够利用类似的方法使用本发明的抗体制备放射性免疫偶联物。
本发明的抗体偶联物可用于修饰特定的生物学反应,且药物部分不应理解为局限于经典的化学治疗剂。例如,药物部分可以是具有需要的生物活性的蛋白质或多肽。这样的蛋白质包括,例如:具有酶活性的毒素或其活性片段,如相思豆毒蛋白、蓖麻毒蛋白A、假单胞菌外毒素或白喉毒素;蛋白质,如肿瘤坏死因子或干扰素-γ;或生物学反应调节物,如淋巴因子、白介素-1(“IL-1”)、白介素-2(“IL-2”)、白介素-6(“IL-6”)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(“GM-CSF”)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(“G-CSF”)或其他生长因子。
将这种治疗性部分与抗体偶联的技术是众所周知的,参见,例如,Amon等,“Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs InCancer Therapy”,in Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy,Reisfeld等(ed.),pp.243-56(Alan R.Liss,Inc.1985);Hellstrom等,“Antibodies ForDrug Delivery”,in Controlled Drug Delivery(2nd Ed.),Robinson等(ed.),pp.623-53(Marcel Dekker,Inc.1987);Thorpe,“Antibody Carriers OfCytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy:A Review”,in MonoclonalAntibodies’84:Biological And Clinical Applications,Pinchera等(ed.),pp.475-506(1985);“Analysis,Results,And Future Prospective Of TheTherapeutic Use Of Radiolabeled Antibody In Cancer Therapy”,inMonoclonal Antibodies For Cancer Detection And Therapy,Baldwin等(ed.),pp.303-16(Academic Press 1985),和Thorpe等,″The Preparation AndCytotoxic Properties Of Antibody-Toxin Conjugates,″Immunol.Rev.,62:119-58(1982)。
双特异性分子
另一方面,本发明涉及包含本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体或其片段的双特异性分子。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以被衍生化或连接到另一个功能性分子上,如另一个肽或蛋白质(例如另一个抗体或受体的配体)上,从而生成可与至少两个不同结合位点或靶分子结合的双特异性分子。本发明的抗体实际上可以被衍生化或连接到一个以上的其他功能性分子上,从而生成可与两个以上不同结合位点和/或靶分子结合的多特异性分子;这样的多特异性分子也包括在本文使用的术语“双特异性分子”内。为了产生本发明的双特异性分子,本发明的抗体可与一个或多个其他结合分子如其他抗体、抗体片段、肽或结合模拟物功能性连接(如通过化学偶联、基因融合、非共价结合等),从而得到双特异性分子。
因此,本发明包括双特异性分子,其具有至少一种对于PD-L1的第一结合特异性和对于第二种目标表位的第二结合特异性。在本发明一个特定实施方案中,第二种目标表位是Fc受体,如人FcγRI(CD64)或人Fcα受体(CD89)。因此,本发明包括既能与表达FcγR或FcαR的效应细胞(如单核细胞、巨噬细胞或多形核细胞(PMN))结合,又能与表达PD-L1的靶细胞结合的双特异性分子。这些双特异性分子将表达PD-L1的细胞导向于效应细胞,并且触发Fc受体介导的效应细胞活性,如表达PD-L1的细胞的吞噬作用、抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)、细胞因子释放、或超氧阴离子的产生。
在其中双特异性分子是多特异性分子的本发明的一个实施方案中,除抗-Fc结合特异性和抗-PD-L1结合特异性之外,该分子还可包括第三结合特异性。在一个实施方案中,该第三结合特异性是抗增强因子(EF)部分,例如与参与细胞毒性活性的表面蛋白质结合因而增强针对靶细胞的免疫应答的分子。“抗增强因子部分”可以是与诸如抗原或受体等特定分子结合,从而导致结合决定簇对Fc受体或靶细胞抗原的作用增强的抗体、功能性抗体片段或配体。“抗增强因子部分”可与Fc受体或靶细胞抗原结合。可替代地,抗增强因子部分可以与一种实体结合,该实体不同于第一和第二结合特异性所结合的实体。例如,抗增强因子部分可与细胞毒性T细胞结合(如经由CD2、CD3、CD8、CD28、CD4、CD40、ICAM-1或其他免疫细胞,该细胞导致针对靶细胞的免疫应答增强)。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的双特异性分子包含至少一个抗体或其抗体片段作为结合特异性,包括(例如)Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv或单链Fv。该抗体也可以是轻链或重链二聚体,或任何其最小片段,如Fv或单链构建体,如Ladner等的美国专利No.4,946,778所述,该专利的内容引入本文作为参考。
在一个实施方案中,对于Fcγ受体的结合特异性由单克隆抗体提供,该单克隆抗体的结合不被人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)阻断。本文使用的术语“IgG受体”是指位于染色体1上的8个γ-链基因的任意一个。这些基因编码总共12个跨膜或可溶性受体同种型,这些同种型分组为3个Fcγ受体类别:FcγRI(CD64)、FcγRII(CD32)和FcγRIII(CD16)。在一个优选实施方案中,Fcγ受体是人高亲和力FcγRI。人FcγRI是72kDa的分子,对单体IgG表现出高亲和力(108-109M-1)。
某些优选抗-Fcγ单克隆抗体的制备和表征由Fanger等在PCT申请WO 88/00052和美国专利号4,954,617中描述,在此处将其内容整体引入作为参考。这些抗体在与受体的Fcγ结合位点不同的位点处与FcγRI、FcγRII或FcγRIII的表位结合,因而,其结合基本不被生理学水平的IgG阻断。可用于本发明中的特定抗-FcγRI抗体为mAb 22、mAb 32、mAb 44、mAb 62和mAb 197。产生mAb 32的杂交瘤可从美国典型培养物保藏中心获得,ATCC保藏号为HB9469。在另外一些实施方案中,抗-Fcγ受体抗体是单克隆抗体22的人源化形式(H22)。H22抗体的产生和表征在Graziano,R.F.等(1995)J.Immunol 155(10):4996-5002和Tempest等的PCT公布WO 94/10332中描述。产生H22抗体的细胞系以HA022CL1的名称保藏在美国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏号为CRL 11177。
在另外一些优选实施方案中,对Fc受体的结合特异性由可与人IgA受体如Fc-α受体(FcαRI(CD89))结合的抗体提供,该抗体的结合优选地不被人免疫球蛋白A(IgA)阻断。术语“IgA受体”包括位于染色体19上的一个α-基因的基因产物(FcαRI)。已知该基因编码几个55-110kDa的可变剪接跨膜同种型。FcαRI(CD89)在单核细胞/巨噬细胞、嗜酸性和嗜中性粒细胞上组成型表达,但不在非效应细胞群体上组成型表达。FcαRI对IgA1和IgA2两者均具有中等亲和力(约5×107M-1),在暴露于诸如G-CSF或GM-CSF的细胞因子后该亲和力增加(Morton,H.C.等(1996)Critical Reviews in Immunology 16:423-440)。已描述了4种FcαRI-特异性单克隆抗体,它们被确定为A3、A59、A62和A77,它们在IgA配体结合域之外与FcαRI结合(Monteiro,R.C.等(1992)J.Immunol.148:1764)。
FcαRI和FcγRI是用于本发明的双特异性分子的优选触发受体,因为它们(1)主要表达于诸如单核细胞、PMN、巨噬细胞和树突细胞的免疫效应细胞上;(2)高水平表达(如每个细胞表达5,000-100,000个);(3)是细胞毒性(如ADCC、吞噬作用)的介质;(4)介导导向于它们的抗原(包括自身抗原)的增强的抗原呈递。
优选人单克隆抗体,可以在本发明的双特异性分子中使用的其他抗体包括鼠、嵌合和人源化单克隆抗体。
可通过应用本领域中公知的方法偶联组成的结合特异性,如抗-FcR和抗-PD-L1结合特异性,制备本发明的双特异性分子。例如,双特异性分子的每一种结合特异性可单独生成,然后彼此偶联。当结合特异性是蛋白质或肽时,可以使用多种偶联剂或交联剂进行共价偶联。交联剂的例子包括蛋白A、碳二亚胺、N-琥珀酰亚氨基-S-乙酰-硫代乙酸盐(SATA)、5,5’-二硫代二(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB)、邻亚苯基双马来酰亚胺(oPDM)、N-琥珀酰亚氨基-3-(2-吡啶二硫代)丙酸盐(SPDP)和磺基琥珀酰亚氨基4-(N-马来酰亚氨基甲基)环己基-1-羧酸盐(sulfo-SMCC)(参见,例如,Karpovsky等(1984)J.Exp.Med.160:1686;Liu,MA等(1985)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:8648)。其他方法包括Paulus(1985)Behring Ins.Mitt.No.78,118-132);Brennan等(1985)Science 229:81-83和Glennie等(1987)J.Immunol.139:2367-2375所描述的方法。优选的偶联剂为SATA和sulfo-SMCC,两者均可从Pierce Chemical Co.(Rockford,IL)获得。
当结合特异性是抗体时,它们可通过两个重链的C-末端铰链区的巯基键合而偶联。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,对铰链区进行修饰以使其在偶联前含有奇数个,优选1个巯基残基。
可替代地,两种结合特异性可在同一载体中编码,并在相同的宿主细胞中表达和装配。当双特异性分子是mAb×mAb、mAb×Fab、Fab×F(ab’)2或配体x Fab融合蛋白时,该方法是特别有用的。本发明的双特异性分子可以是包含一个单链抗体和一个结合决定簇的单链分子,或包含两个结合决定簇的单链双特异性分子。双特异性分子可以包含至少两个单链分子。制备双特异性分子的方法例如在美国专利5,260,203、美国专利5,455,030、美国专利4,881,175、美国专利5,132,405、美国专利5,091,513、美国专利5,476,786、美国专利5,013,653、美国专利5,258,498和美国专利5,482,858中描述。
双特异性分子与其特异性靶标的结合可通过例如酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、放射免疫测定(RIA)、FACS分析、生物测定(如生长抑制)或Western印迹分析来证实。这些试验中的每一个通常通过应用对目标复合物具有特异性的标记试剂(如抗体)来检测特定目标蛋白质-抗体复合物的存在。例如,可以利用识别和特异性结合抗体-FcR复合物的酶联抗体或抗体片段来检测FcR-抗体复合物。或者,这些复合物可利用多种其他免疫分析中的任一种来检测。例如,可对抗体进行放射性标记并且在放射免疫测定(RIA)中使用(参见,例如,Weintraub,B.,Principles ofRadioimmunoassays.Seventh Training Course on Radioligand AssayTechniques,The Endocrine Society,1986年3月,引入本文作为参考)。可以通过诸如使用γ计数器或闪烁计数器的手段或者通过放射自显影方法检测放射性同位素。
药物组合物
另一方面,本发明提供一种组合物,例如药物组合物,其含有与药学上可接受的载体配制在一起的一种或组合的本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分。这样的组合物可以包含一种或组合的(例如两种或多种不同的)本发明的抗体或免疫偶联物或双特异性分子。例如,本发明的药物组合物可以含有结合靶抗原上的不同表位或具有互补活性的抗体组合(或免疫偶联物或双特异性分子)。
本发明的药物组合物也可以在联合治疗中施用,即与其他药剂联用。例如,联合治疗可包括本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体联合至少一种其他的抗炎剂或免疫抑制剂。可在联合治疗中使用的治疗剂的例子在下面本发明抗体的应用一节中更详细地描述。
本文使用的“药学上可接受的载体”包括生理学相容的任何和所有的溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗剂和吸收延迟剂等。优选地,该载体适合于静脉内、肌内、皮下、肠胃外、脊柱或表皮施用(如通过注射或输注)。根据施用途径,可将活性化合物即抗体、免疫偶联物或双特异性分子包裹于一种材料中,以保护该化合物免受可使该化合物失活的酸和其他天然条件的作用。
本发明的药物组合物可包含一种或多种药学上可接受的盐。“药学上可接受的盐”是指保持了亲代化合物的所需生物活性而不引起任何不期望的毒理学作用的盐(参见如Berge,S.M.等(1977)J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19)。这样的盐的例子包括酸加成盐和碱加成盐。酸加成盐包括那些由诸如盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、亚磷酸等无毒性无机酸衍生的盐,以及由诸如脂族单羧酸和二羧酸、苯基取代的链烷酸、羟基链烷酸、芳族酸、脂族和芳族磺酸等无毒性有机酸衍生的盐。碱加成盐包括那些由诸如钠、钾、镁、钙等碱土金属衍生的盐,以及由诸如N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、普鲁卡因等无毒性有机胺衍生的盐。
本发明的药物组合物也可含有药学上可接受的抗氧化剂。药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的例子包括:(1)水溶性抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠,亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧化剂,如棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、丁羟茴醚(BHA)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;和(3)金属螯合剂,如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
可用于本发明药物组合物中的适当的水性或非水性载体的例子包括水,乙醇,多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等),及其适当的混合物,植物油如橄榄油,和注射用有机酯如油酸乙酯。例如通过应用包被材料如卵磷脂,在分散液的情况下通过维持所需的颗粒大小,以及通过应用表面活性剂,能够维持适当的流动性。
这些组合物还可含有佐剂,如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可以通过上述的灭菌程序或通过包含诸如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂确保防止存在微生物。也可能需要在组合物中包含等渗剂,例如,糖、氯化钠等。另外,通过包含延迟吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶,可实现注射型药物延长的吸收。
药学上可接受的载体包括无菌水溶液或分散液和用于临时制备无菌注射液或分散液的粉末剂。这些用于药学活性物质的介质和试剂的使用是本领域公知的。除了任何与活性化合物不相容的常规介质或试剂范围外,包括其在本发明的药物组合物中的应用。还可以向组合物中掺入补充的活性化合物。
治疗性组合物一般必须是无菌的并且在制备和贮存条件下稳定的。可以将组合物配制成溶液、微乳状液、脂质体或其他适合高药物浓度的有序结构。载体可以是含有例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液态聚乙二醇等)及其合适的混合物的溶剂或分散剂。例如,通过使用包衣,例如卵磷脂,在分散液的情况下通过保持所需的颗粒大小,以及通过使用表面活性剂,可以保持适当的流动性。在很多情况下,组合物中优选包含等渗剂,例如,糖、多元醇例如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇或氧化钠。通过在组合物中加入延迟吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸盐和明胶,可实现注射型药物延长的吸收。
通过将活性化合物以需要的量混入合适的溶剂中,并且根据需要加入以上列举的成分中的一种或其组合,接着无菌微过滤,可制备无菌注射液。通常,通过将活性化合物掺入到含有基本分散介质和上面所列其他所需成分的无菌载体中制备分散剂。对于用于制备无菌注射液的无菌粉末剂,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥(冻干),由其预先无菌过滤的溶液得到活性成分加任何额外所需成分的粉末。
可以与载体材料组合制备单一剂量形式的活性成分的量根据所治疗的受试者和特定给药方式而不同。可以与载体材料组合制备单一剂量形式的活性成分的量一般是产生治疗效果的组合物的量。通常,以100%计,这个量的范围是大约0.01%至大约99%的活性成分,优选大约0.1%至大约70%,最优选大约1%至大约30%的活性成分,与药学上可接受的载体相组合。
调节剂量方案,以提供最佳的期望的反应(例如,治疗反应)。例如,可以施用单一大丸剂,可以随时间施用几次分开的剂量,或者根据治疗状况的紧急情况所需,可以按比例减小或增加剂量。特别有利的是将肠胃外组合物配制成容易给药并且剂量均匀的剂量单位形式。此处使用的剂量单位形式是指适合作为单位剂量用于所治疗的受试者的物理不连续单位;每个单位含有预定量的活性化合物,经计算该预定量的活性化合物与需要的药物载体组合产生所需的治疗效果。对本发明剂量单位形式的具体说明限定于且直接依赖于(a)活性化合物的独特特性和要达到的特定治疗效果,和(b)本领域中固有的对于配制这种用于治疗个体敏感性的活性化合物的限制。
对于抗体的给药而言,剂量范围为约0.0001至100mg/kg,更通常为0.01至5mg/kg受者体重。例如,剂量可以是0.3mg/kg体重、1mg/kg体重、3mg/kg体重、5mg/kg体重或10mg/kg体重,或在1-10mg/kg范围内。一个治疗方案的例子需要每周给药一次、每两周一次、每三周一次、每四周一次、每月一次、每3月一次、或每3-6月一次。本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体的优选剂量方案包括经静脉内给予1mg/kg体重或3mg/kg体重,该抗体使用如下剂量方案之一给药:(i)每4周一次,共6次,然后每3个月一次;(ii)每3周一次;(iii)3mg/kg体重一次,然后每3周1mg/kg体重。
在一些方法中,同时施用具有不同结合特异性的两种或多种单克隆抗体,在该情况中,每种抗体的给药剂量落在所述范围内。抗体通常在有必要时多次给药。单次给药之间的间隔可以是,例如,每周、每月、每三个月或每年。间隔也可以是不定期的,例如通过测定患者中抗靶抗原的抗体的血液水平来确定。在一些方法中,调节剂量以达到约1-1000μg/ml的血浆抗体浓度,在一些方法中为约25-300μg/ml。
可替代地,抗体也可以作为持续释放制剂来给药,在此情况中需要频率较低的给药。剂量和频率根据抗体在患者中的半衰期而不同。通常,人抗体表现出最长的半衰期,之后是人源化抗体、嵌合抗体和非人类抗体。给药剂量和频率根据处理是预防性的还是治疗性的而不同。在预防性应用中,在长时间内以较不频繁的间隔给予相对较低的剂量。有些患者在余生中持续接受处理。在治疗性应用中,有时需要以较短的间隔给予较高的剂量,直到疾病的进展减轻或停止,优选直到患者表现为疾病症状部分或完全改善。之后,可以以预防性方案给患者给药。
本发明药物组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平可能改变,以获得可有效实现对特定患者、组合物和给药方式的所需治疗反应,而对患者无毒性的活性成分的量。选择的剂量水平取决于多种药物代谢动力学因素,包括应用的本发明特定组合物或其酯、盐或酰胺的活性,给药途径,给药时间,应用的特定化合物的排泄速率,治疗的持续时间,与应用的特定组合物联合应用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料,接受治疗的患者的年龄、性别、体重、状况、总体健康情况和病史,以及医学领域中公知的类似因素。
本发明的抗-PD-L1抗体的“治疗有效剂量”优选地导致疾病症状的严重性降低,疾病无症状期的频率和持续时间增加,或者防止因疾病痛苦而引起的损伤或失能。例如,对于PD-L1+肿瘤的治疗,相对于未接受治疗的受试者,“治疗有效剂量”优选地将细胞生长或肿瘤生长抑制至少约20%,更优选至少约40%,更优选至少约60%,更优选至少约80%。化合物抑制肿瘤生长的能力可以在预测对人类肿瘤的疗效的动物模型系统中评价。或者,也可以通过检查化合物抑制细胞生长的能力来评价该组合物的这种性能,这种抑制可以通过本领域技术人员公知的试验在体外测定。治疗有效量的治疗性化合物能够减小肿瘤大小,或者以其他方式缓解受试者的症状。本领域技术人员可以根据如下因素确定这种量,如受试者的大小、受试者症状的严重性和选择的特定组合物或给药途径。
本发明的组合物可以利用本领域公知的一种或多种方法通过一种或多种给药途径给药。本领域技术人员应当理解,给药途径和/或方式根据期望的结果而不同。本发明抗体的优选给药途径包括静脉内、肌肉内、皮内、腹膜内、皮下、脊柱或其他肠胃外给药途径,例如注射或输注。本文使用的短语“肠胃外给药”是指除肠和局部给药以外的给药模式,通常是注射,包括但不限于静脉内、肌内、动脉内、鞘内、囊内、眶内、心内、皮内、腹膜内、经气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、囊下、蛛网膜下、脊柱内、硬膜外和胸骨内注射和输注。
可替代地,本发明的抗体也可以通过非肠胃外途径给药,如局部、表皮或粘膜途径给药,例如,鼻内、经口、阴道、直肠、舌下或局部。
活性化合物可以与保护化合物不被快速释放的载体一起制备,例如控释制剂,包括植入物、透皮贴剂和微胶囊递送系统。可以使用生物可降解的、生物相容的聚合物,例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酐类、聚乙醇酸、胶原、聚原酸酯和聚乳酸。制备这样的制剂的很多方法受专利保护或者通常为本领域技术人员所公知。参见,例如,Sustainedand controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems,J.R.Robinson,ed.,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1978。
治疗性组合物可应用本领域公知的医疗装置给药。例如,在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的治疗组合物可用无针皮下注射装置给药,如在美国专利No.5,399,163;5,383,851;5,312,335;5,064,413;4,941,880;4,790,824;或4,596,556中公开的装置。可用于本发明的公知的植入物和模块的例子包括:美国专利No.4,487,603,该专利公开了用于以受控速率分散药物的可植入微量输注泵;美国专利No.4,486,194,该专利公开了用于通过皮肤给药的治疗装置;美国专利No.4,447,233,该专利公开了用于以精确的输注速率递送药物的医用输注泵;美国专利No.4,447,224,该专利公开了用于连续递送药物的变流可植入输注装置;美国专利No.4,439,196,该专利公开了具有多腔区室的渗透药物递送系统:和美国专利No.4,475,196,该专利公开了一种渗透药物递送系统。这些专利引入本文作为参考。本领域技术人员公知许多其他这样的植入物、递送系统和模块。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的人单克隆抗体可配制为确保在体内的正确分布。例如,血-脑屏障(BBB)阻止了许多高度亲水性的化合物。为了确保本发明的治疗性化合物能够跨过BBB(如果需要时),可将它们配制在如脂质体中。至于制备脂质体的方法,参见,例如,美国专利4,522,811;5,374,548;和5,399,331。脂质体包含可被选择性地转运入特定细胞或器官内的一个或多个部分,从而增强定向药物递送(参见,例如,V.V.Ranade(1989)J.Clin.Pharmacol.29:685)。定向部分的例子包括叶酸或生物素(参见,例如,Low等的美国专利5,416,016);甘露糖苷(Umezawa等(1988)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.153:1038);抗体(P.G.Bloeman等(1995)FEBS Lett.357:140;M.Owais等(1995)Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.39:180);表面活性剂蛋白A受体(Briscoe等(1995)Am.J.Physiol.1233:134);p120(Schreier等(1994)J.Biol.Chem.269:9090);也参见K.Keinanen;M.L.Laukkanen(1994)FEBS Lett.346:123;J.J.Killion;I.J.Fidler(1994)Immunomethods 4:273。
本发明的应用和方法
本发明的抗体、抗体组合物和方法,具有与(例如)PD-L1的检测或通过PD-L1的阻断增强免疫应答有关的许多体外和体内应用。在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的抗体是人抗体。例如,这些分子可以施用于在体外或离体培养的细胞,或者(例如)在体内施用于人类受试者,从而在多种情况中增强免疫。因此,在一个方面,本发明提供一种改变受试者中的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得该受试者中的免疫应答被改变。优选地,该应答增强、刺激或上调。
本文使用的术语“受试者”包括人和非人动物。非人动物包括所有脊椎动物,例如哺乳动物和非哺乳动物,例如非人灵长类动物、绵羊、狗、猫、牛、马、鸡、两栖类动物和爬行类动物,但是优选哺乳动物,如非人灵长类动物、绵羊、狗、猫、牛和马。优选的受试者包括需要增强免疫应答的人类患者。这些方法特别适合治疗患有可通过增强T细胞介导的免疫应答而治疗的疾病的人类患者。在特定实施方案中,该方法特别适合在体内治疗癌细胞。为了实现免疫的抗原特异性增强,抗PD-L1抗体可以与目标抗原一起给药。当抗PD-L1抗体与另外一种药物一起给药时,这两种药物可以相继或同时给药。
本发明进一步提供检测样品中人PD-L1抗原的存在或测量人PD-L1抗原的量的方法,包括在抗体或其部分与人PD-L1之间能够形成复合物的条件下,使样品和对照样品接触可与人PD-L1特异性结合的的人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分。然后检测复合物的形成,其中样品与对照样品之间复合物形成的差异指示样品中存在人PD-L1抗原。
癌症
抗体对PD-L1的阻断可以增强患者中对癌细胞的免疫应答。PD-L1在正常人细胞中不表达,但是富含于多种人类癌中(Dong等(2002)Nat Med.8:787-9)。PD-1与PD-L1的相互作用导致浸润肿瘤的淋巴细胞减少,T细胞受体介导的增殖减少,以及癌细胞的免疫逃脱(Dong等(2003)J Mol Med 81:281-7;Blank等(2004)CancerImmunol.Immunother.[epub];Konishi等(2004)Clin.Cancer Res.10:5094-100)。抑制PD-L1与PD-1的局部相互作用可以逆转免疫抑制,当PD-L2与PD-1的相互作用也被阻断时,效应是加合的(Iwai等(2002)PNAS 99:12293-7;Brown等(2003)J.Immunol.170:1257-66).抗-PD-L1抗体可以单独使用,以抑制癌性肿瘤的和平共处。或者,如以下所述,抗-PD-L1抗体可以与其他免疫原性剂、标准癌症治疗或其他抗体联合使用。
因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种抑制受试者中的肿瘤细胞生长的方法,包括给该受试者施用治疗有效量的抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分。优选地,该抗体是人抗-PD-L1抗体(如本文描述的任意人抗-PD-L1抗体)。另外或者可替代地,该抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗-PD-L1抗体。
使用本发明的抗体可以抑制其生长的优选的癌症包括一般对免疫治疗有应答的癌症。可治疗的优选癌症的非限制性的例子包括黑素瘤(例如转移的恶性黑素瘤)、肾癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和肺癌。可以用本发明的方法治疗的其他癌症的例子包括:骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤或眼内恶性黑色素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、肛区癌、胃癌、睾丸癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、阴户癌、何杰金病、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、慢性或急性白血病,包括急性髓细胞样白血病、慢性髓细胞样白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、儿童实体瘤、淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾或输尿管癌、肾盂癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤、原发性CNS淋巴瘤、肿瘤血管发生、脊柱肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、卡波西肉瘤、表皮状癌、鳞状细胞癌、T细胞淋巴瘤、环境诱发的癌症,包括石棉诱发的癌症,以及所述癌症的组合。本发明也可用于治疗转移性癌,特别是表达PD-L1的转移性癌(Iwai等(2005)Int.Immunol.17:133-144)。
任选地,PD-L1抗体可以与免疫原性剂如癌细胞、纯化的肿瘤抗原(包括重组蛋白、肽和碳水化合物分子)、细胞和用编码免疫刺激细胞因子的基因转染的细胞联用(He等(2004)J.Immunol.173:4919-28)。可以应用的肿瘤疫苗的非限定性实例包括黑素瘤抗原的肽,如gp100的肽、MAGE抗原、Trp-2、MART1和/或酪氨酸酶,或转染后表达细胞因子GM-CSF的肿瘤细胞(下文进一步讨论)。
在人类中,已经表明一些肿瘤是具有免疫原性的,如黑素瘤。预期通过PD-L1阻断来提高T细胞活化的阈值,可以激活宿主中的肿瘤应答。
当与接种方案联合时,PD-L1阻断可能最有效。已经设计了针对肿瘤接种的许多实验策略(参见Rosenberg,S.,2000,Development ofCancer Vaccines,ASCO Educational Book Spring:60-62;Logothetis,C,2000,ASCO Educational Book Spring:300-302;Khayat,D.2000,ASCO Educational Book Spring:414-428;Foon,K.2000,ASCOEducational Book Spring:730-738;参见Restifo,N.和Sznol,M.,Cancer Vaccines,Ch.61,pp.3023-3043,DeVita,V.等(eds.),1997,Cancer:Principles and Practice of Oncology.第五版)。在这些策略之一中,使用自体或异体肿瘤细胞制备疫苗。已经证明,当肿瘤细胞被转导而表达GM-CSF时,这些细胞疫苗最有效。已经表明GM-CSF是用于肿瘤接种的抗原呈递的强激活剂(Dranoff等(1993)Proa Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A.90:3539-43)。
各种肿瘤中基因表达和大规模基因表达模式的研究导致定义了所谓的肿瘤特异性抗原(Rosenberg,SA(1999)Immunity 10:281-7)。在许多情况下,这些肿瘤特异性抗原是在肿瘤和产生肿瘤的细胞中表达的分化抗原,例如gp100、MAGE抗原和Trp-2。更重要的是,证明这些抗原中的许多是在宿主中发现的肿瘤特异性T细胞的靶标。PD-L1阻断可以与重组蛋白和/或肿瘤中表达的肽的组合联用,以产生针对这些蛋白质的免疫应答。这些蛋白质在正常情况下被免疫系统看作自身抗原,因此对其耐受。肿瘤抗原也可以包括蛋白质端粒酶,该酶是染色体的端粒合成所必需的,并且在85%以上的人类癌中表达,而仅在有限数量的自身组织中表达(Kim,N等(1994)Science 266:2011-2013)。(这些自身组织可以通过各种手段被保护而免遭免疫攻击)。由于体细胞突变改变蛋白质序列或产生两种无关序列的融合蛋白(例如,Philadelphia染色体中的bcr-ab1)或来自B细胞肿瘤的独特型,肿瘤抗原也可以是癌细胞表达的“新抗原”。
其他肿瘤疫苗可以包括来自与人类癌症有关的病毒的蛋白质,如人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、肝炎病毒(HBV和HCV)和卡波西疱疹肉瘤病毒(KHSV)。可以与PD-L1阻断联合应用的另外一种形式的肿瘤特异性抗原是从肿瘤组织本身中分离的纯化的热休克蛋白(HSP)。这些热休克蛋白含有来自肿瘤细胞的蛋白质的片段,这些HSP在向抗原呈递细胞递送以引发肿瘤免疫方面非常有效(Suot,R和Srivastava,P(1995)Science 269:1585-1588;Tamura,Y.等(1997)Science278:117-120)。
树突细胞(DC)是强抗原呈递细胞,可以用来引发抗原特异性应答。DC可以在体外产生,并且载有各种蛋白质和肽抗原以及肿瘤细胞提取物(Nestle,F.等(1998)Nature Medicine 4:328-332)。DC也可以通过遗传手段转导,从而也表达这些肿瘤抗原。DC也已经为了免疫而直接融合到肿瘤细胞上(Kugler,A.等(2000)Nature Medicine6:332-336)。作为接种方法,DC免疫可以与PD-L1阻断有效地组合,以激活更强的抗肿瘤应答。
PD-L1阻断也可以与标准癌症治疗组合。PD-L1阻断可以与化疗方案有效地组合。在这些例子中,它可以减少施用的化疗剂的剂量(Mokyr,M.等(1998)Cancer Research 58:5301-5304)。这种组合的一个例子是抗PD-L1抗体与氨烯咪胺联用治疗黑素瘤。这种组合的另外一个实例是抗PD-L1抗体与白介素-2(IL-2)联用治疗黑素瘤。PD-L1阻断和化学疗法联用的科学原理是细胞死亡,这是大多数化疗化合物的细胞毒性作用的结果,应会导致抗原呈递途径中的肿瘤抗原水平升高。可以通过细胞死亡与PD-L1阻断协同作用的其他联合治疗有放射、手术和激素剥夺(hormone deprivation)。这些方案都在宿主中产生肿瘤抗原的来源。血管发生抑制剂也可以与PD-L1阻断组合。血管发生的抑制导致肿瘤细胞死亡,这可以将肿瘤抗原提供给宿主的抗原呈递途径。
PD-L1阻断抗体也可以与将Fcα或Fcγ受体表达效应细胞靶向至肿瘤细胞的双特异性抗原联合应用(参见,例如美国专利Nos.5,922.845和5,837,243)。也可以利用双特异性抗体靶向两种不同的抗原。例如,已经利用抗-Fc受体/抗肿瘤抗原(例如Her-2/neu)双特异性抗体将巨噬细胞靶向肿瘤部位。这种靶向可以更有效地激活肿瘤特异性应答。利用PD-L1阻断可以加强这些应答的T细胞方面。或者,可以利用结合肿瘤抗原和树突细胞特异性细胞表面标记的双特异性抗体将抗原直接递送至DC。
肿瘤通过多种机制逃避宿主的免疫监视。其中许多机制可以通过灭活肿瘤表达的免疫抑制性蛋白质来克服。尤其包括TGF-β(KehrL J.等(1986)J.Exp.Med.163:1037-1050)、IL-10(Howard,M.和O′Garra,A.(1992)Immunology Today 13:198-200)和Fas配体(Hahne,M.等(1996)Science 274:1363-1365)。每种个体的抗体可以与抗PD-L1联用,来抵抗免疫抑制剂的作用,并且有利于宿主的肿瘤免疫应答。
可以用于激活宿主免疫应答的其他抗体可以与抗PD-L1联用。其中包括树突细胞表面上的分子,这些分子激活DC功能和抗原呈递。抗-CD40抗体能够有效地替代T细胞辅助活性(Ridge,J.等(1998)Nature 393:474-478),并且可以与PD-L1抗体联用(Ito,N.等(2000)Immunobiology 201(5)527-40)。也可以为了提高T细胞活化的水平而提供对T细胞共刺激分子如OX-40(Weinberg,A.等(2000)Immunol164:2160-2169)、4-1BB(Melero,I.等(1997)Nature Medicine 3:682-685(1997)和ICOS(Hutloff,A.等(1999)Nature 397:262-266)的活化抗体以及阻断阴性共刺激分子如CTLA-4(例如,美国专利No.5,811,097)或BTLA(Watanabe,N.等(2003)Nat Immunol 4:670-9)、B7-H4(Sica,GL等(2003)Immunity 18:849-61)的活性的抗体。
骨髓移植当前用来治疗造血来源的多种肿瘤。移植物抗宿主疾病是这种治疗的一种后果,移植物对抗肿瘤的应答可以获得治疗性益处。可以利用PD-L1阻断提高植入了肿瘤特异性T细胞的供体的有效性。
也有几种实验治疗方案涉及抗原特异性T细胞的离体激活和扩增以及这些细胞向受体内的过继转移,以用抗原特异性T细胞对抗肿瘤(Greenberg,R.和Riddell,S.(1999)Science 285:546-51)。这些方法也可以用来激活T细胞对传染原如CMV的应答。预期在抗PD-L1抗体存在下离体激活可以提高过继转移的T细胞的频率和活性。
传染病
可利用本发明的其他方法治疗暴露于特定毒素或病原体的患者。因此,本发明的另一方面提供一种治疗受试者中的传染病的方法,包括给该受试者施用抗PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者的传染病得到治疗。优选地,所述抗体是人抗人PD-L1抗体(如本文所述的任意人抗PD-L1抗体)。另外或者可替代地,所述抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗体。
类似于它对于如上所述的肿瘤的应用,抗体介导的PD-L1阻断可以单独使用,或者作为佐剂使用,与疫苗组合使用,来刺激对病原体、毒素和自身抗原的免疫应答。特别可以应用该治疗方法的病原体的实例包括当前没有有效疫苗的病原体,或常规疫苗不完全有效的病原体。其中包括但不限于HIV、肝炎病毒(甲、乙、丙)、流感病毒、疱疹病毒、贾第虫、疟疾、利什曼原虫、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌。PD-L1阻断特别可用于对抗诸如HIV等病原体已建立的感染,其在感染过程中呈现改变的抗原。在抗人PD-L1给药时,这些新的表位被作为外源物识别,从而引起不受通过PD-L1的负信号影响的强T细胞应答。
引起可用本发明的方法治疗的传染病的病原体病毒的一些实例包括HIV、肝炎(甲、乙、丙)、疱疹病毒(例如VZV、HSV-1、HAV-6,HSV-II和CMV、EB病毒)、腺病毒、流感病毒、虫媒病毒、埃可病毒、鼻病毒、柯萨奇病毒、冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒、轮状病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、细小病毒、痘苗病毒、HTLV病毒、登革热病毒、乳头瘤病毒、软疣病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、狂犬病毒、JC病毒和虫媒病毒脑炎病毒、
引起可用本发明的方法治疗的传染病的病原体细菌的一些实例包括衣原体、立克次氏体菌、分枝杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌和淋球菌(conococci)、克雷伯氏杆菌、变形菌、雷氏菌、假单胞菌、军团杆菌、白喉杆菌、沙门氏菌、芽孢杆菌、霍乱菌、破伤风菌、肉毒杆菌、炭疽杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、钩端螺旋体、和莱姆病细菌。
引起可用本发明的方法治疗的传染病的病原体真菌的一些实例包括假丝酵母(白假丝酵母、克鲁斯假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母等)、新型隐球菌、曲霉属(烟曲霉、黑曲霉等)、毛霉属(毛霉、犁头霉、根霉)、申克孢子丝菌、皮炎芽生菌、巴西副球孢子菌、粗球孢子菌和夹膜组织胞浆菌。
引起可用本发明的方法治疗的传染病的病原体寄生虫的一些实例包括溶组织内阿米巴、结肠小袋纤毛虫、福氏耐格里阿米巴、棘阿米巴属的种、兰伯贾第虫、隐孢子虫属的种、卡氏肺囊虫、间日疟原虫、果氏巴贝虫、布氏锥虫、克氏锥虫、杜氏利什曼原虫、鼠弓形体、巴西日圆线虫。
在所有上述的方法中,PD-L1阻断可以与其他形式的免疫疗法如细胞因子治疗(例如干扰素、GM-CSF、G-CSF、IL-2)或双特异性抗体治疗联合,双特异性抗体治疗提供增强的肿瘤抗原的呈递(参见,例如,Holliger(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:6444-6448;Poljak(1994)Structure 2:1121-1123)。
自身免疫反应
抗PD-L1抗体可以激起和扩大自身免疫应答。实际上,使用肿瘤细胞和肽疫苗诱导抗肿瘤应答揭示了许多抗肿瘤应答涉及抗自身反应性(van Elsas等(同上)在抗-CTLA-4+GM-CSF-修饰的B16黑素瘤中观察到的脱色;在接种Trp-2的小鼠中的脱色(Overwijk,W.等(1999)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96:2982-2987));在人类临床试验中观察到TRAMP肿瘤细胞疫苗引起的自身免疫前列腺炎(Hurwitz,A.(2000)同上)、黑素瘤肽抗原接种和白癫风(Rosenberg,SA和White,DE(1996)J.Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 19(1):81-4)。
因此,可以考虑利用抗PD-L1阻断联合多种自身蛋白质来设计接种方案,以有效地产生对抗这些自身蛋白质的免疫应答,用于疾病治疗。例如,阿尔茨海默病涉及Aβ肽在脑中淀粉样蛋白沉积物中的不当的积累;针对淀粉样蛋白的抗体应答能够清除这些淀粉样蛋白沉积物(Schenk等(1999)Nature 400:173-177)。
也可以使用其他自身蛋白作为靶标,如用于治疗变态反应和哮喘的IgE,和用于类风湿性关节炎的TNFα。最后,可以利用抗PD-L1抗体诱导抗体对各种激素的应答。中和抗体对生殖激素的应答可以用于避孕。中和抗体对激素和特定肿瘤生长所需的其他可溶性因子的应答也可以被认为是可能的接种靶标。
如上所述应用抗PD-L1抗体的类似方法可以用来诱导治疗性自身免疫应答,以治疗具有不恰当的其他自身抗原积累的患者,如淀粉状蛋白沉积物,包括阿尔茨海默病中的Aβ、细胞因子如TNFα和IgE。
疫苗
也可以通过共施用抗PD-L1抗体和目标抗原(例如疫苗),利用抗PD-L1抗体刺激抗原特异性免疫应答。因此,本发明的一个方面提供了增强受试者中对抗原的免疫应答的方法,包括给该受试者施用:(i)抗原;和(ii)抗PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述受试者中对抗原的免疫应答得到加强。优选地,该抗体是人抗人PD-L1抗体(如本文所述的任意人抗PD-L1抗体)。另外或者可替代地,该抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗-PD-L1抗体。所述抗原可以是,例如,肿瘤抗原、病毒抗原、细菌抗原或来自病原体的抗原。这些抗原的非限定性实例包括以上章节中所述的那些,例如以上所述的肿瘤抗原(或肿瘤疫苗),或来自上述病毒、细菌或其他病原体的抗原。
抗-PD-L1抗体也可以用来消除与疾病(如与结肠炎有关的T细胞抑制的萎缩病)有关的继发效应(Kanai等(2003)J.Immunol.171:4156-63)。因此,在另一方面,本发明提供一种消除白细胞浸润、降低T细胞产生IFN-γ、IL-2和IFN-α的方法。优选地,所述抗体是人抗人PD-L1抗体(如本文所述的任意人抗PD-L1抗体)。另外或者可替代地,所述抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗体。
抗PD-L1抗体也可以用来治疗如下疾病,如慢性炎性疾病,如扁平苔藓、T细胞介导的慢性炎性皮肤粘膜病(Youngnak-Piboonratanakit等(2004)Immunol Letters 94;215-22)。因此,在一个方面,本发明提供一种用T细胞消除慢性炎性疾病的方法。优选地,所述抗体是人抗人PD-L1抗体(如本文所述的任意人抗PD-L1抗体)。另外或者可替代地,所述抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗体。
在体内和体外施用本发明的抗体组合物(例如人单克隆抗体、多特异性和双特异性分子和免疫偶联物)的适当途径在本领域中公知,可以由本领域技术人员选择。例如,抗体组合物可以通过注射(例如静脉内或皮下)给药。使用的分子的适宜剂量将取决于受试者的年龄和体重以及抗体组合物的浓度和/或制剂。
如前所述,本发明的人抗-PD-L1抗体可以与诸如细胞毒剂、放射性毒剂或免疫抑制剂等一种或多种其他治疗剂共同给药。抗体可以与该治疗剂连接(作为免疫复合物),或者可以与该治疗剂分开给药。对于后者(分开给药),抗体可以在治疗剂之前、之后或同时给药,或者可以与其他已知治疗如抗癌治疗例如放射治疗共同应用。这些治疗剂包括,抗肿瘤剂,如多柔比星(阿霉素)、顺铂、硫酸博来霉素、卡莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、羟基脲,它们本身仅在对患者具有毒性或亚毒性的水平时有效。顺铂以100mg/剂的剂量静脉内给药,每4周1次,阿霉素以60-75mg/ml的剂量静脉内给药,每21天1次。本发明的人抗-PD-L1抗体或其抗原结合片段与化疗剂的共同给药提供了两种抗癌剂,它们通过对人肿瘤细胞产生细胞毒性作用的不同的机制起作用。这种共同给药能够解决由于发展耐药性或肿瘤细胞抗原性改变(这将使它们对抗体没有反应性)引起的问题。
本发明的范围内还包括药盒,该药盒包括本发明的抗体组合物(例如人抗体、多特异性或双特异性分子,或免疫偶联物)和使用说明。该药盒可以进一步包括至少一种另外的试剂或一种或多种另外的本发明的人抗体(例如,具有补充活性的人抗体,它所结合的PD-L1抗原上的表位与第一人抗体不同)。药盒一般包括表明药盒内容物的预期用途的标签。术语标签包括在试剂盒上或与试剂盒一起提供的或以其他方式随试剂盒提供的任何书面的或记录的材料。
本发明进一步通过下面的实施例进行阐述,不应将这些实施例理解为进一步的限制。全部附图和在本申请中引用的全部参考文献、专利和公开专利申请的内容均引入本文作为参考。
实施例
实施例1:抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的制备
抗原
免疫方案使用(i)包含PD-L1的胞外部分的重组融合蛋白,和(ii)膜结合的全长PD-L1作为抗原。这两种抗原都通过重组转染方法在CHO细胞系中产生。
转基因小鼠(KM-小鼠
系)
用表达人抗体基因的转基因转染色体KM系小鼠制备抗PD-L1的完全人类单克隆抗体。在这种小鼠系中,已经如Chen等(1993)EMBO J.12:811-820所述将内源小鼠κ轻链基因纯合地破坏,并且已经如PCT公布WO 01/09187的实施例1对于HuMab小鼠所述将内源小鼠重链基因纯合地破坏。而且,该小鼠携带如Fishwild等(1996)Nature Biotechnology 14:845-851所述的人κ轻链转基因KCo5,和如PCT公布WO 02/43478所述的SC20转染色体。
KM-小鼠
的免疫:
为了产生抗PD-L1的完全人类单克隆抗体,用纯化的重组PD-L1-Ig和PD-L1转染的CHO细胞作为抗原免疫KM-小鼠群体。用于HuMab小鼠的一般性免疫方案在Lonberg,N.等(1994)Nature368(6474):856-859;Fishwild,D.等(1996)Nature Biotechnology14:845-851和PCT公开WO 98/24884中描述。在第一次输注抗原时小鼠为6-16周龄。利用纯化的重组PD-L1-Ig制剂(5-50μg)和5-10×106细胞腹膜内(IP)、皮下(Sc)或通过足垫注射免疫小鼠。
转基因小鼠用在完全弗氏佐剂或Ribi佐剂中的抗原腹膜内免疫两次,然后用在不完全弗氏佐剂或Ribi佐剂中的抗原IP免疫3-21天(最多可达总共11次免疫)。通过眼眶后采血监测免疫应答。通过ELISA对血浆进行筛选(如下文所述),用具有足够的抗-PD-L1人免疫球蛋白效价的小鼠进行融合。用抗原经静脉内对小鼠进行加强免疫,3天后处死并取出脾脏。每种抗原一般进行10-35次融合。每种抗原免疫几十只小鼠。
产生抗-PD-L1抗体的KM-小鼠
的选择
为了选择产生可与PD-L1结合的抗体的HuMab小鼠,如Fishwild,D.等(1996)所述,通过ELISA检测来自被免疫小鼠的血清。简要地说,用在PBS中浓度为1-2μg/ml的来自被转染CHO细胞的纯化重组PD-L1融合蛋白以100μl/孔的量包被微量滴定板,4℃下温育过夜,然后用PBS/Tween(0.05%)中的5%BSA以200μl/孔封闭。将来自PD-L1免疫的小鼠的血浆稀释液加入各孔中,在室温下温育1-2小时。用PBS/Tween洗涤培养板,然后与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)偶联的山羊抗人IgG多克隆抗体在室温下温育1小时。洗涤后,培养板用ABTS底物(Sigma,A-1888,0.22mg/ml)显色,并用分光光度计在OD 415-495处分析。用显示最高抗-PD-L1抗体效价的小鼠进行融合。融合如下文所述进行,通过ELISA检测杂交瘤上清液的抗-PD-L1活性。
产生抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的杂交瘤的产生
根据标准程序,用PEG将从KM小鼠中分离的小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞系融合。然后根据抗原特异性抗体的产生筛选获得的杂交瘤。使用50%PEG(Sigma)将来自被免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞单细胞悬液与1/4数量的SP2/0非分泌型小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(ATCC CRL1581)融合。将细胞以约1×105/孔的密度接种于平底微量滴定板上,然后在选择性培养基中温育约两周,该培养基含有10%胎牛血清、10%P388D1(ATCC,CRL TIB-63)条件培养基、在DMEM(Mediatech,CRL 10013,含有高浓度葡萄糖、L-谷氨酰胺、丙酮酸钠)中的3-5%origen(IGEN),加5mM HEPES、0.055mM 2-巯基乙醇、50mg/ml庆大霉素和1×HAT(Sigma,CRL P-7185)。1-2周后,将细胞在用HT替代了其中的HAT的培养基中培养。然后通过ELISA(如上所述)根据人抗PD-L1单克隆IgG抗体筛选各个孔。一旦发生广泛的杂交瘤生长,则通常在10-14天后监测培养基。将分泌抗体的杂交瘤再次平板接种,再次筛选,并且如果对于人IgG仍然是阳性,则通过有限稀释将抗PD-L1单克隆抗体至少亚克隆两次。然后在体外培养稳定的亚克隆,以在组织培养基中产生少量的抗体用于进一步表征。
选择杂交瘤克隆3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4进一步分析。
实施例2:人单克隆抗体3G10、12A4和10A5的结构表征
利用标准PCR技术从3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4杂交瘤中获得编码3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7和13G4单克隆抗体的重链和轻链可变区的cDNA序列,并利用标准DNA测序技术进行测序。
3G10的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图1A和SEQ ID NO:81和1中。
3G10的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图1B和SEQ ID NO:91和11中。
3G10重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,3G10重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-18的VH区段、未确定的D区段和来自人种系JH 6b的JH区段。3G10VH序列与种系VH 1-18序列的比对显示在图11中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对3G10VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图1A和11以及SEQ ID NO:21、31和41所示。
3G10轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,3G10轻链应用了来自人种系VK L6的VL区段和来自人种系JK 1的JK区段。3G10VL序列与种系VK L6序列的比对显示于图21中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对3G10VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图1B和21以及SEQ ID NO:51、61和71所示。
12A4的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图2A和SEQ ID NO:82和2中。
12A4的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图2B和SEQ ID NO:92和12中。
12A4重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,12A4重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系3-10的D区段和来自人种系JH 6b的JH区段。12A4VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图12中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对12A4VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图2A和12以及SEQ ID NO:22、32和42所示。
12A4轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,12A4轻链应用了来自人种系VK L6的VL区段和来自人种系JK 1的JK区段。12A4VL序列与种系VK L6序列的比对显示于图22中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对12A4VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图2B和22以及SEQ ID NO:52、62和72所示。
10A5的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图3A和SEQ ID NO:83和3中。
10A5的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图3B和SEQ ID NO:93和13中。
10A5重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,10A5重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-3的VH区段、来自人种系5-5的D区段和来自人种系JH 4b的JH区段。10A5VH序列与种系VH 1-3序列的比对显示于图13中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对10A5VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图3A和13以及SEQ ID NO:23、33和43所示。
10A5轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,10A5轻链应用了来自人种系VK L15的VL区段和来自人种系JK 2的JK区段。10A5VL序列与种系VK L15序列的比对显示于图23中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对10A5VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图3B和23以及SEQ ID NO:53、63和73所示。
5F8的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图4A和SEQ ID NO:84和4中。
5F8的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图4B和SEQ ID NO:94和14中。
5F8重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,5F8重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系6-13的D区段和来自人种系JH 4b的JH区段。5F8VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图14中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对5F8VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图4A和14以及SEQ ID NO:24、34和44所示。
5F8轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,5F8轻链应用了来自人种系VK A27的VL区段和来自人种系JK 1的JK区段。5F8VL序列与种系VK A27序列的比对显示于图24中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对5F8VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图4B和24以及SEQ ID NO:54、64和74所示。
10H10的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图5A和SEQ ID NO:85和5中。
10H10的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图5B和SEQ ID NO:95和15中。
10H10重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,10H10重链应用了来自人种系VH 3-9的VH区段、来自人种系4-17的D区段和来自人种系JH 4b的JH区段。10H10VH序列与种系VH 3-9序列的比对显示于图15中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对10H10VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图5A和15以及SEQ ID NO:25、35和45所示。
10H10轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,10H10轻链应用了来自人种系VK L15的VL区段和来自人种系JK2的JK区段。10H10VL序列与种系VK L15序列的比对显示于图25中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对10H10VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图5B和25以及SEQ ID NO:55、65和75所示。
1B12的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图6A和SEQ ID NO:86和6中。
1B12的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图6B和SEQ ID NO:96和16中。
1B12重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,1B12重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系3-10的D区段和来自人种系JH 6b的JH区段。1B12VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图16中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对1B12VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图6A和16以及SEQ ID NO:26、36和46所示。
1B12轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,1B12轻链应用了来自人种系VK L6的VL区段和来自人种系JK 1的JK区段。1B12 VL序列与种系VK L6序列的比对显示于图26中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对1B12 VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图6B和26以及SEQ ID NO:56、66和76所示。
7H1的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图7A和SEQ ID NO:87和7中。
7H1的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图7B和SEQ ID NO:97和17中。
7H1重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,7H1重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系3-10的D区段和来自人种系JH 6b的JH区段。7H1VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图17中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对7H1VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图7A和17以及SEQ ID NO:27、37和47所示。
7H1轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,7H1轻链应用了来自人种系VK L6的VL区段和来自人种系JK 1的JK区段。7H1VL序列与种系VK L6序列的比对显示于图27中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对7H1VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图7B和27以及SEQ IDNO:57、67和77所示。
11E6的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图4A和SEQ ID NO:84和4中。
11E6的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图4B和SEQ ID NO:94和14中。
11E6重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,11E6重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系6-19的D区段和来自人种系JH 6c的JH区段。11E6VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图18中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对11E6VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图8A和18以及SEQ ID NO:28、38和48所示。
11E6轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,11E6轻链应用了来自人种系VK A27的VL区段和来自人种系JK 4的JK区段。11E6VL序列与种系VK A27序列的比对显示于图27中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对11E6VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图8B和28以及SEQ ID NO:58、68和78所示。另外,包括VK序列的第二相关克隆如所SEQ ID NO:109示。该抗体在本文中称为11E6a。
12B7的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图9A和SEQ ID NO:89和9中。
12B7的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图9B和SEQ ID NO:99和19中。
12B7重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,12B7重链应用了来自人种系VH 1-69的VH区段、来自人种系3-10的D区段和来自人种系JH 6b的JH区段。12B7VH序列与种系VH 1-69序列的比对显示于图19中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对12B7VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图9A和19以及SEQ ID NO:29、39和49所示。
12B7轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,12B7轻链应用了来自人种系VK L6的VL区段和来自人种系JK 5的JK区段。12B7VL序列与种系VK L6序列的比对显示于图29中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对12B7VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图9B和29以及SEQ ID NO:59、69和79所示。
13G4的重链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图10A和SEQ ID NO:90和10中。
13G4的轻链可变区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分别显示于图10B和SEQ ID NO:100和20中。
13G4重链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白重链序列的比较证明,13G4重链应用了来自人种系VH 3-9的VH区段、来自人种系3-9的D区段和来自人种系JH 4b的JH区段。13G4VH序列与种系VH 3-9序列的比对显示于图20中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对13G4VH序列的进一步分析勾画出了重链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图10A和20以及SEQ ID NO:30、40和50所示。
13G4轻链免疫球蛋白序列与已知人种系免疫球蛋白轻链序列的比较证明,13G4轻链应用了来自人种系VK L18的VL区段和来自人种系JK 3的JK区段。13G4VL序列与种系VK L18序列的比对显示于图30中。利用Kabat CDR区测定系统对13G4VL序列的进一步分析勾画出了轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3区,分别如图10B和30以及SEQ ID NO:60、70和80所示。
实施例3:抗-PD-L1人单克隆抗体的结合特异性和结合动力学的表征
在该实施例中,通过Biacore分析检测了抗-PD-L1抗体的结合亲和力和结合动力学。也通过流式细胞分析检测了结合特异性和交叉竞争。
结合亲和力和动力学
通过Biacore分析(Biacore AB,Uppsala,瑞典)表征了抗-PD-L1抗体的亲和力和结合动力学。使用Biacore提供的标准胺偶联化学方法和试剂盒,通过伯胺将纯化的重组人PD-L1融合蛋白共价连接到CM5芯片(羧甲基葡聚糖包被的芯片)上,使密度为562RU。通过使在HBSEP缓冲液(Biacore AB提供)中浓度为133nM的抗体以50μl/min的流速流过,来检测结合。抗原-抗体结合动力学进行1分钟,解离动力学进行10分钟。用BAIevaluation软件(Biacore AB)将结合和解离曲线与1∶1Langmuir结合模型拟合。为了使结合常数估计中的亲合力的影响降至最小,只用对应于结合和解离阶段的最初的数据段进行拟合。测定的KD、kon和koff值显示在表2中。
表2:PD-L1人单克隆抗体的Biacore结合数据
通过平衡结合方法获得的并且用GraphPad Prizm分析的另外的结合数据显示在表3中。
表3.PD-L1人单克隆抗体的Biacore平衡结合数据
经流式细胞术测定的结合特异性
开发了在细胞表面表达重组人PD-L1的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞系,并用它来通过流式细胞术确定PD-L1单克隆抗体的特异性。用含有编码跨膜形式PD-L1的全长cDNA的表达质粒转染CHO细胞。通过将被转染的细胞与抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体温育,评价3G10、10A5和12A4抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的结合。洗涤细胞,用FITC标记的抗人IgG Ab检测其结合。用FACScan流式细胞仪(BectonDickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。将结合与亲本CHO细胞系比较。结果显示在图32A(HuMAb 3G10)、32B(HuMAb 10A5)和32C(HuMAb 12A4)中。也使用不同浓度的抗PD-L1抗体检测结合。结果显示在图33中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4以浓度依赖性的方式与PD-L1转染的CHO细胞结合。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体与细胞表面PD-L1特异性结合。
通过ELISA测定的结合特异性
用标准ELISA试验测定抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体结合与免疫球蛋白Fc区融合的人PD-L1的特异性。
检测人PD-L1的Fc融合蛋白与抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体3G10、12A4和10A5的结合。进行标准ELISA程序。以不同浓度加入抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体。用与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)偶联的山羊抗人IgG(κ链特异性)多克隆抗体作为第二抗体。结果显示在图34中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体3G10、12A4和10A5均与PD-L1高特异性结合。
实施例4:抗PD-L1抗体与人和猴T细胞表面上表达的PD-L1结合的表征
通过流式细胞分析检测抗PD-L1抗体与在表面上表达PD-L1的活化的人或食蟹猴T细胞的结合。
人或猴T细胞通过抗CD3抗体活化,以在与人抗PD-L1单克隆抗体结合之前诱导PD-L1表达。3G10、1B12、13G4和12A4抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的结合通过将活化的细胞与连续稀释的抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体温育来评价。用同种型对照抗体作为阴性对照。洗涤细胞,用FITC标记的抗人Igκ轻链抗体检测其结合。用FACScan流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。结果显示在图35和36中。抗PD-L1单克隆抗体3G10、1B12、13G4和12A4与活化的人和猴T细胞结合。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体与人和食蟹猴细胞细胞表面PD-L1结合。
实施例5:抗PD-L1抗体与人T细胞表面表达的PD-L1的结合的表征
通过流式细胞分析检测抗PD-L1抗体与在细胞表面上表达PD-L1的活化的人T细胞的结合。
人T细胞通过抗CD3抗体活化,以在与人抗PD-L1单克隆抗体结合之前诱导PD-L1表达。3G10、10A5和12A4抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的结合通过将活化的T细胞与浓度为20μg/ml的抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体温育来评价。用同种型对照抗体作为阴性对照。洗涤细胞,用FITC标记的抗人IgG抗体检测其结合。用FACScan流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。结果显示在图37A(HuMAb 3G10)、37B(HuMAb 10A5)和37C(HuMAb 12A4)中。如直方图所示,与对照(细线)相比,抗PD-L1单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4与活化的人T细胞结合(粗线)。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体与人细胞表面PD-L1结合。
实施例6:通过流式细胞术分析的结合特异性
通过流式细胞术利用在细胞表面表达人PD-L1的ES-2人卵巢癌细胞系确定PD-L1人单克隆抗体的特异性。用500IU/ml重组hIFN-γ处理ES-2细胞过夜,以相对于基础水平提高PD-L1的表达。12A4、1B12、3G10、10A5、12B7、13G4、11E6和5F8抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的结合通过将诱导的细胞与连续稀释的抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体温育来评价。洗涤细胞,用PE标记的抗人IgG抗体检测其结合。用FACScan流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。将结合与同种型对照进行比较。结果显示在图38中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体12A4、1B12、3G10、10A5、12B7、13G4、11E6和5F8以浓度依赖性的方式与hIFN-γ诱导的ES-2细胞结合。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体与细胞表面PD-L1特异性结合。
实施例7:人抗PD-L1抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应中对细胞增殖和细胞因子产生的影响
利用混合淋巴细胞反应证明阻断PD-L1/PD-1途径对淋巴细胞效应细胞的影响。在存在或不存在抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的情况下检测该试验中的T细胞的增殖、IFN-γ分泌和IL-2分泌。
使用CD4+正选择试剂盒(Dynal Biotech)从PBMC中纯化人CD4+T细胞。树突细胞来源于与1000U/ml IL-4和500U/ml GM-CSF(R&DBiosystems)培养7天的纯化的单核细胞。单核细胞用单核细胞负选择试剂盒(Mitenyi Biotech)制备。每种培养物在200μl总体积中含有105个纯化的T细胞和104个异体树突细胞。抗PD-L1单克隆抗体10A5、12A4或3G10以不同的抗体浓度加至每种培养物中。不加抗体或用同种型对照抗体作为阴性对照。细胞在37℃下培养5天。5天后,从每个培养中取出100μl培养基进行细胞因子测定。IFN-γ和IL-2水平用OptEIA ELISA试剂盒(BD Biosciences)测定。用3H-胸苷标记细胞,培养另外18小时,分析细胞增殖。结果显示在图39A(T细胞增殖)、39B(使用HuMAb 10A5的IFN-γ分泌)、39C(使用HuMAb 12A4或3G10的IFN-γ分泌)、39D(IL-2分泌)中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体10A5以浓度依赖的方式促进T细胞增殖、IFN-γ分泌和IL-2分泌。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体12A4和3G10也显示提高IFN-γ分泌。相反,含有对照抗体的培养物不显示T细胞增殖、IFN-γ或IL-2分泌的提高。
在单独的实验中,利用异体混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)证明在淋巴细胞效应细胞中阻断PD-L1/PD-1途径的作用。在存在或不存在抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体或同种型对照抗体的情况下检测该试验中的T细胞的增殖和IFN-γ分泌。
使用CD4+负选择试剂盒(Miltenyi)从PBMC中纯化人CD4+T细胞。单核细胞用单核细胞负选择试剂盒(Mitenyi Biotech)制备。树突细胞来源于与1000U/ml IL-4和500U/ml GM-CSF(R&D Biosystems)培养7天的纯化的单核细胞。每种MLR培养物在200μl总体积中含有105个纯化的T细胞和104个异体树突细胞。抗PD-L1单克隆抗体12A4、11E6、3G10、13G4、1B12、10A5和12B7以不同的抗体浓度加至每种培养物中。不加抗体或用同种型对照抗体作为阴性对照。细胞在37℃下培养5天。在第5天,从每个培养中取出50μl培养基进行细胞因子测定,并替换为等体积的含有1μCi3H胸苷的培养基。细胞再培养18小时,收获,分析细胞增殖。培养液中IFN-γ的水平用OptEIA hIFN-γELISA试剂盒(BDBiosciences)测定。结果显示在图40中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体以浓度依赖的方式促进T细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌。相反,含有对照抗体的培养物不显示T细胞增殖或IFN-γ分泌的提高。
实施例8:人抗PD-L1抗体对T调节细胞的功能的影响
T调节细胞(CD4+,CD25+)是抑制免疫应答的淋巴细胞。在异体树突细胞和T细胞MLR中,在存在或不存在抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体的情况下检测了添加T调节细胞对增殖和IFN-γ分泌的影响。
T调节细胞使用CD4+CD25+调节细胞分离试剂盒(Mitenyi Biotech)从PBMC中纯化。以2∶1的CD4+CD25-与T调节细胞的比例,将T调节细胞添加到含有纯化的CD4+CD25+T细胞和异体树突细胞的混合淋巴细胞反应(见上文)中。向每个培养物中加入浓度为10μg/ml的抗PD-L1单克隆抗体10A5。不加抗体或用同种型对照抗体作为阴性对照。细胞在37℃下培养5天,此时应用Beadlyte细胞因子检测系统(Upstate)分析上清液的IFN-γ分泌。用3H胸苷标记细胞,再培养18小时,分析细胞增殖。结果显示在图41A(T细胞增殖)和41B(IFN-γ分泌)中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体10A5的添加在异体树突细胞、T细胞和T调节细胞的细胞培养中促进了T细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌,表明抗PD-L1抗体在异体DC-T细胞-MLR中可以逆转T调节细胞的作用。
在单独的实验中,利用含T调节细胞的MLR试验检测了人抗PD-L1抗体12A4和13G4和对照抗体1D12。结果显示在图42(T细胞增殖)和43(IFN-γ分泌)中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体12A4和13G4的添加在异体树突细胞、含T调节细胞的T细胞的细胞培养中部分逆转了T细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌的抑制,表明抗PD-L1抗体对T调节细胞具有作用。
实施例9:抗PD-L1抗体对病毒抗原刺激的来自阳性CMV反应供体的PBMC细胞分泌细胞因子的影响
在0.5μg/ml CMV裂解液(Astarte Biologies)+/-滴定的抗PD-L1抗体的存在下,CMV抗原反应性人PBMC(Astarte Biologies,Redmond,WA)以2×105细胞/孔的密度在TC处理的平底96孔板中培养。加有热灭活的FBS(10%终浓度)的AIM-V培养基(Invitrogen)以总体积200μl/孔使用。细胞在37℃和5%CO2下培养5天,此时收获上清液通过ELISA(OptEIA hIFN-γELISA试剂盒-BDBiosciences)测定分泌的干扰素-γ。结果显示在图44中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体以剂量依赖的方式促进CMV特异性T细胞分泌IFN-γ。与同种型对照相比,抗体13G4、1B12和12A4产生最强的反应。这些结果表明抗PD-L1HuMAb可以在以前针对抗原刺激的PBMC细胞的记忆T细胞应答中刺激IFN-γ释放。
实施例10:人抗PD-L1抗体阻断PD-L1配体与PD-1的结合
利用流式细胞分析检测抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体阻断配体PD-L1与转染的CHO细胞上表达的PD-1结合的能力。
将表达PD-1的CHO细胞悬浮于FACS缓冲液(含有4%胎牛血清的PBS)中。在4℃下向细胞悬浮液中加入各种浓度的抗PD-L1HuMab3G10、10A5或12A4,保持30分钟,然后加入FITC标记的与免疫球蛋白Fc区融合的PD-L1。用FACScan流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。结果显示在图45中。抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体3G10、10A5和12A4阻断PD-L1与人PD-1转染的CHO细胞的结合,这通过染色的平均荧光强度(MFI)来测量。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1HuMab阻断PD-L1配体与细胞表面PD-1的结合。
实施例11:人抗PD-L1抗体对可溶性PD-1与细胞表面PD-L1的结合的抑制
利用流式细胞分析检测抗PD-L1人单克隆抗体阻断可溶性二聚体形式的PD-1受体(PD-1-hFc)与hIFN-γ诱导的ES人卵巢癌细胞上表达的PD-L1的结合的能力。将该阻断与同种型对照抗体进行比较。
ES细胞用500IU/ml hIFN-γ诱导过夜,以上调hPD-L1细胞表面表达。将诱导的细胞悬浮在FACS缓冲液中。在4℃下向细胞悬浮液管中加入连续稀释的抗PD-L1HuMAb 12A4、1B12、3G10、10A5、12B7、13G4、11E6和5F8,保持30分钟,然后洗涤两次,以除去未结合的抗体。然后在4℃下加入恒定2μg/mL的PD-1-hFc蛋白,保持30分钟,然后洗涤两次,以除去未结合的PD-1-hFc。然后通过在4℃下加入生物素化的非阻断性抗PD-L1HuMAb 26D5(当结合PD-L1时它结合PD-1)保持30分钟,然后洗涤两次,以除去未结合的抗体,在ES-2细胞上检测结合的PD-1-Fc。最后,在4℃下加入链霉亲和素-PE偶联物保持30分钟,然后洗涤两次以除去未结合的偶联物,来检测结合的26D5。用FACScan流式细胞仪(BectonDickinson,San Jose,CA)进行流式细胞分析。结果显示在图46中。抗PD-L1单克隆抗体12A4、1B12、3G10、10A5、12B7、13G4、11E6和5F8阻断了PD-L1与表达人PD-L1的ES-2细胞的结合,这通过染色的几何平均荧光强度(MFI)来测量。这些数据证明了抗PD-L1HuMab阻断可溶性PD-1受体与细胞表面PD-L1的结合。
实施例12:使用抗PD-L1抗体治疗体内肿瘤模型
植入癌性B细胞肿瘤的小鼠用抗PD-L1抗体在体内治疗,以检查这些抗体对肿瘤生长的体内效果。用于肿瘤研究的6-8周龄的雌性AJ小鼠(Harlan Laboratories)按体重随机分入6个组。第0天,小鼠在右胁下皮下植入溶解于200μl DMEM培养基中的2×106SA1/N纤维肉瘤。小鼠用PBS载体或10mg/kg的抗PD-L1抗体处理。在第1、4、8、11天,动物通过腹膜内注射大约200μl含有抗体或载体的PBS而给药。每组包括10只动物,分组包括:(i)载体组,(ii)对照小鼠IgG,和(iii)抗PD-L1抗体。小鼠每周监测两次肿瘤生长,共大约6周。使用电子卡尺从三个维度上测量肿瘤(高度×宽度×长度),并计算肿瘤体积。当肿瘤达到肿瘤终点(1500mm3)或显示大于15%的体重减轻时,对小鼠行安乐死。
实施例13:联合治疗(抗CTLA-4和抗PD-L1抗体)对肿瘤建立和生长的体内效果
将MC38结肠直肠癌细胞(可获自N.Restifo博士,NationalCancer Institute,Bethesda,MD;或Jeffrey Schlom,National Institutesof Health,Bethesda,MD)植入C57BL/6小鼠中(2×106细胞/小鼠),并在肿瘤达到100-200mm3的大小时选择治疗。在第0天(即治疗第1天),给4个组(每组10只小鼠)中的每一个腹膜内(IP)注射以下物质之一:(1)10mg/kg小鼠IgG和10mg/kg大鼠IgG(对照),(2)10mg/kg抗-CTLA-4单克隆抗体9D9(小鼠抗小鼠CTLA-4,从J.Allison,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,New York,NY获得)和10mg/kg大鼠IgG,(3)抗-PD-L1单克隆抗体MIH5(大鼠抗小鼠PD-L1,eBioscience)和10mg/kg小鼠IgG,或(4)10mg/kg抗-CTLA-4抗体9D9和10mg/kg抗-PD-L1抗体MIH5。然后在第3天和第6天进一步进行抗体注射。使用电子卡尺从三个维度上测量肿瘤(高度×宽度×长度),并计算肿瘤体积。当肿瘤达到预定的肿瘤终点时,对小鼠行安乐死。结果显示在图47中。
该研究表明,在MC38鼠肿瘤模型中,单独的抗-PD-L1抗体治疗对肿瘤生长具有中度的效果,导致肿瘤生长延迟,而抗-CTLA-4抗体在该模型中几乎没有效果。然而,CTLA-4抗体和PD-L1抗体的联合治疗对肿瘤生长具有显著较大的影响,导致小鼠不存在肿瘤。
实施例14:使用抗PD-L1抗体的免疫组化研究
为了评价HuMab抗-PD-L1,在一组正常的(非肿瘤)人组织(包括脾、扁桃腺、小脑、大脑、心脏、肝脏、肺、肾、胰、脑垂体、皮肤和小肠)以及肺癌组织(1个样品/每个肿瘤)中检查了未修饰的12A4、13G4、3G10和12B7的组织结合分布。用ES-2细胞作为阳性对照。用Hu-IgG1和Hu-IgG4作为同种型对照抗体。
骤冻的并且OCT包埋的正常和淋巴瘤组织购自CooperativeHuman Tissue Network(Philadelphia,PA)或National Disease ResearchInstitute(Philadelphia,PA)。5μm的冷冻切片用丙酮在室温下固定10分钟,在使用前贮存于-80℃。使用未修饰的HuMab抗-PD-L1进行Medarex发展的免疫组化方案,在加到切片上之前预复合第一抗体(12A4、13G4、3G10和12B7)和第二抗体(FITC偶联的山羊抗-Hu-IgG的Fab片段(Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories.West Grove,PA))。简要来说,1μg/ml或5μg/ml的未偶联的第一抗体与3倍过量的第二抗体分别混合,并在室温下温育30分钟,然后加入过量的人γ球蛋白,保持30分钟,以阻断未结合的第二抗体。平行地,同种型对照抗体Hu-IgG1或Hu-IgG4以相同的方式预复合。将切片用PBS(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)洗涤两次,然后与Dako EnVision+System(Dako.Carpinteria,CA)提供的过氧化物酶封闭液温育10分钟。用PBS洗涤两次后,将切片与Dako蛋白封闭液温育,以封闭非特异性结合位点。然后,向切片上加第一抗体或同种型对照的预复合物,并温育1小时。用PBS洗涤三次后,将切片与小鼠抗FITC抗体(20μg/ml,Sigma)一起温育30分钟。用PBS另外洗涤三次后,切片与Dako EnVision+System提供的过氧化物酶偶联的抗小鼠IgG聚合物一起温育30分钟。最后,如上所述洗涤切片,并与DakoEnVision+System提供的DAB底物-发色团溶液反应6分钟。然后用去离子水洗涤切片,按照常规组织学程序用Mayer苏木精(Dako)复染,脱水,清洁,并盖上玻片Permount(Fischer Scientific,Fair Lawn,NJ)。
在ES-2细胞以及肺癌组织的肿瘤细胞中观察到弱到中度的染色。在扁桃腺切片中,在被淋巴样细胞高度浸润的囊上皮中可见强染色,但是在粘膜成层的鳞状上皮细胞中没有见到。在滤泡间区的某些细胞中可见中度染色,而在生发中心的分散的大细胞(树突网状细胞)中可见极弱的染色。在肺中,在肺泡巨噬细胞中发现弱染色。使用商业抗-PD-L1mAb(eBiosciences.San Diego,CA)在免疫组化切片中类似地见到扁桃腺和肺组织中的染色。HuMab的染色强度总体较低,特别是对于生发中心的染色。在脾中,在红髓中弥散的弱免疫反应性略高于背景染色。另外,在肝脏的枯否样细胞和派伊尔淋巴集结的扩散细胞以及主要存在于小肠肌层聚焦区的扩散巨噬细胞样细胞和成纤维细胞中表现出弱到中度的染色。
在小脑、大脑、心脏、肾脏、胰、垂体和皮肤组织中,用全部4种抗-PD-L1HuMab染色时没有观察到明显的染色。除了12B7和/或3G10在肝脏和ES-2细胞中显示略强的染色外,这4种抗体的染色未见明显的差异。
PD-L1抗体概述
| SEQ ID NO: | 序列 | SEQ ID NO: | 序列 |
| 1 | VH a.a.3G10 | 26 | VH CDR1 a.a.1B12 |
| 2 | VH a.a.12A4 | 27 | VHCDR1 a.a.7H1 |
| 3 | VH a.a.10A5 | 28 | VH CDR1 a.a.11E6 |
| 4 | VH a.a.5F8 | 29 | VH CDR1 a.a.12B7 |
| 5 | VH a.a.10H10 | 30 | VH CDR1 a.a.13G4 |
| 6 | VH a.a.1B12 | ||
| 7 | VH a.a.7H1 | 31 | VH CDR2 a.a.3G10 |
| 8 | VH a.a.11E6 | 32 | VH CDR2 a.a.12A4 |
| 9 | VH a.a.12B7 | 33 | VH CDR2 a.a.10A5 |
| 10 | VH a.a.13G4 | 34 | VH CDR2 a.a.5F8 |
| 35 | VH CDR2 a.a.10H10 | ||
| 11 | VK a.a.3G10 | 36 | VH CDR2 a.a.1B12 |
| 12 | VK a.a.12A4 | 37 | VH CDR2 a.a.7H1 |
| 13 | VK a.a.10A5 | 38 | VH CDR2 a.a.11E6 |
| 14 | VK a.a.5F8 | 39 | VH CDR2 a.a.12B7 |
| 15 | VK a.a.10H10 | 40 | VH CDR2 a.a.13G4 |
| 16 | VK a.a.1B12 | ||
| 17 | VK a.a.7H1 | 41 | VH CDR3 a.a.3G10 |
| 18 | VK a.a.11E6 | 42 | VH CDR3 a.a.12A4 |
| 19 | VK a.a.12B7 | 43 | VH CDR3 a.a.10A5 |
| 20 | VK a.a.13G4 | 44 | VH CDR3 a.a.5F8 |
| 45 | VH CDR3 a.a.10H10 | ||
| 21 | VH CDR1 a.a.3G10 | 46 | VH CDR3 a.a.1B12 |
| 22 | VH CDR1 a.a.12A4 | 47 | VHCDR3 a.a.7H1 |
| 23 | VH CDR1 a.a.10A5 | 48 | VH CDR3 a.a.11E6 |
| 24 | VH CDR1 a.a.5F8 | 49 | VH CDR3 a.a.12B7 |
| 25 | VH CDR1 a.a.10H10 | 50 | VH CDR3 a.a.13G4 |
| 51 | VK CDR1 a.a.3G10 | 79 | VK CDR3 a.a.12B7 |
| 52 | VK CDR1 a.a.12A4 | 80 | VK CDR3 a.a.13G4 |
| 53 | VK CDR1 a.a.10A5 | ||
| 54 | VK CDR1 a.a.5F8 | 81 | VH n.t.3G10 |
| 55 | VK CDR1 a.a.10H10 | 82 | VH n.t.12A4 |
| 56 | VK CDR1 a.a.1B12 | 83 | VH n.t.10A5 |
| 57 | VK CDR1 a.a.7H1 | 84 | VH n.t.5F8 |
| 58 | VK CDR1 a.a.11E6 | 85 | VH n.t.10H10 |
| 59 | VK CDR1 a.a.12B7 | 86 | VH n.t.1B12 |
| 60 | VK CDR1 a.a.13G4 | 87 | VH n.t.7H1 |
| 88 | VH n.t.11E6 | ||
| 61 | VK CDR2 a.a.3G10 | 89 | VH n.t.12B7 |
| 62 | VK CDR2 a.a.12A4 | 90 | VH n.t.13G4 |
| 63 | VK CDR2 a.a.10A5 | ||
| 64 | VK CDR2 a.a.5F8 | 91 | VK n.t.3G10 |
| 65 | VK CDR2 a.a.10H10 | 92 | VK n.t.12A4 |
| 66 | VK CDR2 a.a.1B12 | 93 | VK n.t.10A5 |
| 67 | VK CDR2 a.a.7H1 | 94 | VK n.t.5F8 |
| 68 | VK CDR2 a.a.11E6 | 95 | VK n.t.10H10 |
| 69 | VK CDR2 a.a.12B7 | 96 | VK n.t.1B12 |
| 70 | VK CDR2 a.a.13G4 | 97 | ” |
| 98 | VK n.t.11E6 | ||
| 71 | VK CDR3 a.a.3G10 | 99 | VK n.t.12B7 |
| 72 | VK CDR3 a.a.12A4 | 100 | VK n.t.13G4 |
| 73 | VK CDR3 a.a.10A5 | ||
| 74 | VK CDR3 a.a.5F8 | 101 | VH 1-18种系 a.a. |
| 75 | VK CDR3 a.a.10H10 | 102 | VH 1-69种系 a.a. |
| 76 | VKCDR3 a.a.1B12 | 103 | VH 1-3种系 a.a. |
| 77 | VK CDR3 a.a.7H1 | 104 | VH 3-9种系 a.a. |
| 78 | VK CDR3 a.a.11E6 | ||
| 105 | VK L6种系 a.a. | ||
| 106 | VK L15种系 a.a. | ||
| 107 | VK A27种系 a.a. | ||
| 108 | VK L18种系 a.a. | ||
| 109 | VK a.a.11E6a |
Claims (10)
1.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区;和
(b)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体或其抗原结合部分特异性地结合PD-L1。
2.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含具有SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区;和
(b)包含具有SEQ ID NO:11所示的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体或其抗原结合部分特异性地结合PD-L1。
3.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)包含具有SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区;和
(b)包含具有SEQ ID NO:12所示的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体或其抗原结合部分特异性地结合PD-L1。
4.一种人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其特异性地结合人PD-L1且表现出至少一种以下性质:
(a)以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1结合;
(b)在混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中提高T细胞增殖;
(c)在MLR试验中提高干扰素-γ产生;或
(d)在MLR试验中提高白介素-2(IL-2)分泌。
5.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中该抗体与参比抗体或其抗原结合部分交叉竞争结合人PD-L1,所述参比抗体或其抗原结合部分包括:
(a)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区;和
(b)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区。
6.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)源自人VH 1-18种系基因的重链可变区;和
(b)源自人VK L6种系基因的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体或其抗原结合部分与PD-L1特异性结合。
7.一种单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分,其包括:
(a)源自人VH 1-69种系基因的重链可变区;和
(b)源自人VK L6种系基因的轻链可变区;
其中该抗体或其抗原结合部分与PD-L1特异性结合。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备用于抑制受试者中的肿瘤细胞生长的药物中的用途。
9.权利要求1-7任一项的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备用于治疗受试者中的传染病的药物中的用途。
10.一种制备抗-PD-L1抗体的方法,包括:
(a)提供编码抗体或其抗原结合部分的核酸,该抗体或其抗原结合部分包含:(i)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29和30的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区CDR1、具有选自SEQ ID NO:31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39和40的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区CDR2、和具有选自SEQ ID NO:41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49和50的序列的氨基酸的重链可变区CDR3;或(ii)包含具有选自SEQ ID NO:51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59和60的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区CDR1、具有选自SEQ ID NO:61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69和70的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区CDR2、和具有选自SEQ ID NO:71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79和80的序列的氨基酸的轻链可变区CDR3;
(b)改变编码至少一种可变区内的至少一个氨基酸残基的核酸以产生编码包含至少一个氨基酸改变的经改变的抗体序列或其抗原结合部分;
(c)表达所述改变的抗体序列或其抗原结合部分为蛋白质;和
(d)评估所述改变的抗体序列或其抗原结合部分的结合活性,
其中所述改变的抗体序列或其抗原结合部分以1×10-7M或更低的KD与人PD-L1特异性结合。
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| CN112074297A (zh) * | 2018-04-15 | 2020-12-11 | 深圳市亦诺微医药科技有限公司 | 结合pd-1的抗体及其用途 |
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