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CN107405198B - 心脏瓣膜假体输送系统和用导入器鞘输送心脏瓣膜假体的方法 - Google Patents

心脏瓣膜假体输送系统和用导入器鞘输送心脏瓣膜假体的方法 Download PDF

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CN107405198B
CN107405198B CN201680016868.8A CN201680016868A CN107405198B CN 107405198 B CN107405198 B CN 107405198B CN 201680016868 A CN201680016868 A CN 201680016868A CN 107405198 B CN107405198 B CN 107405198B
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catheter
delivery
introducer sheath
heart valve
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斯蒂芬·施雷克
小特奥多罗·S·吉梅内斯
艾琳·查尔顿
威廉·古尔德
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Jenavalve Technology Inc
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/9517Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts handle assemblies therefor
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种输送系统、导管系统,以及对需要假体的个体微创施用假体的方法,和用于将假体装载到导管系统和/或输送系统上的方法。

Description

心脏瓣膜假体输送系统和用导入器鞘输送心脏瓣膜假体的 方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种输送系统、导管系统,以及对需要假体的个体微创施用假体的方法,和用于将假体装载到导管系统和/或输送系统上的方法。
交叉引用
本申请是EP13173217.4和EP13182346.0、美国专利证书号8,790,395和美国专利公布2014/0081388A1(3/20/14)的相关案,以上专利都转让给本受让人,其全部公开内容通过引用方式结合在此,均如同明确阐述一般。
背景技术
本公开涉及医疗设备领域,具体涉及一种假体,其通过微创方法及其适用装置被移植入需要假体的个体中以便恢复适当身体机能。
通过微创方法放置的假体的例子包括支架和心脏瓣膜,如主动脉和二尖瓣心脏瓣膜。目前心脏瓣膜例如通过经心尖、经股或锁骨下途径使用。经心尖途径非常直接地通过患者肋骨之间的切口和通过心尖,因此只需经过一段短距离就能到达输送位点。经股途径是非常方便的方法并且广泛使用,因为它仅需患者腿部的切口并接入脉管系统的入口。
通常,假体通过又称作导管的输送系统来使用。与经心尖途径输送相比,经股输送方式的导管要求比较复杂,因为要输送例如主动脉心脏瓣膜,就必须导引经相对较长的距离和一些转弯,这意味着会存在某些困难。
EP2387977B1中公开了这种输送系统的一个实例。该专利描述了用于输送主动脉心脏瓣膜的经股导管。该专利没有公开或提出本文公开的实施方案。
通常,假体必须以可释放方式装载到导管上并卷曲成小尺寸以便通过患者的脉管系统并输送到植入位点。现有技术中已知的不同系统使用不同的尺寸,如22、20或18French。相应地,假体必须挤压在一起,这会存在损坏瓣膜心包材料的风险。
另外,正确定位是另一问题,而且可能是导管系统在输送假体和在患者的靶位点或位置处使用假体的过程中重新定位假体的能力。部分释放假体和完全取回假体之后终止程序是利用现有技术很多导管系统不能实现的另一优点。
另一个问题是导管系统的直径尺寸。导管中要输送经过患者脉管系统的卷曲假体的直径尺寸是至关重要的。很多已知系统不能实现足够的卷曲尺寸,在已知系统中组织通常在卷曲程序中受到不利影响。
而且,这样卷曲假体具有挑战性。具体而言,以不损坏或拉伸和/或挤压假体组织的方式进行卷曲通常在已知系统中不能充分实现。即使卷曲造成的直接损伤可能不明显,但通常组织仍受到卷曲的不利影响,其中对组织,例如心包组织(表示心脏瓣膜中的瓣膜,甚至支架组件)的耐用性造成不利影响。
输送中的另一个问题是借助于导管来操控假体经过脉管系统及其转弯。实情是脉管系统较窄,且尤其在心脏的主动脉入口处必须经过一个窄角的大弯曲,对这种输送程序和装置提出实质性挑战。
此外,以下对本公开具有影响:
自从血管内技术问世以来,微创外科手术经历了很大发展。本公开的实施方案涉及用于在患者心脏的植入位点中输送内假体的系统。例如,本公开的实施方案涉及用于输送和定位在治疗心瓣膜狭窄(缩窄)和/或心瓣膜功能不全时使用的经导管心脏瓣膜的系统。
本公开的实施方案还涉及专用于内假体的输送系统,所述内假体包括例如含有支架的可折叠和可扩张的假体,使用专用导管和预成型鞘将该假体输送到植入位点。
表述“心瓣膜狭窄(缩窄)和/或心瓣膜功能不全”意在包括一个或多个心瓣膜的功能缺陷,该缺陷是遗传的或后天的。这种类型的心脏缺陷可能影响四个心脏瓣膜中的每个瓣膜,但左心室(主动脉瓣和二尖瓣)中的瓣膜比心脏右侧部分(肺动脉瓣和三尖瓣)更常受累及。该功能缺陷可导致缩窄(狭窄)、不能关闭(关闭不全)或两者的组合(组合缺陷)。本公开涉及运送内假体的输送系统,所述内假体包括可展开的支架,所述支架能够在患者体内经腔植入并在经皮引入之后径向扩大以用于治疗心脏瓣膜缺陷等适应症。
目前治疗心瓣膜严重缩窄和/或心瓣膜功能不全时,用内假体替换缩窄或患病的心瓣膜。生物或机械瓣膜模型一般用于此目的,所述模型通常在除去患病心瓣膜之后通过胸部中的开口以手术方式缝合到心瓣膜床中。这种手术或操作必需利用心肺机在手术期间维持患者的循环并且在假体植入期间诱发心搏停止。这是一个有风险的手术过程,对患者有相关危险并且术后治疗和恢复期长。在多病态患者的情况下,这种手术通常可能不被认为具有合理的风险。
近年来,微创形式的治疗得到了发展,其特征在于允许手术在局部麻醉下进行。一种方法提供使用导管系统来植入自扩张型支架,可折叠的瓣膜假体连接到所述支架上。这种自扩张型内假体可经由导管系统导引通过腹股沟动脉或静脉至心脏内的植入位点。到达植入位点之后,支架可随后打开。
然而,使用如上所述的解决方法,内假体存在不精确或不恰当植入的风险。换言之,需要对植入的内假体精确定位和纵向对准。具体说来,在本发明系统出现之前,主治外科医生或心脏病专家使用高超的技能仅可能(如果发生的话)在横向和纵向上足够精确地定位支架,从而确保相关内假体位于患者待治疗的患病心瓣膜的恰当区域中。
基于以上提及和概述的问题,本公开的某些实施方案解决了输送和定位用于治疗心瓣膜狭窄或心瓣膜功能不全专用的内假体的问题,其实现了所安放装置的最佳定位精度和固定。另外,心瓣膜狭窄或心瓣膜功能不全的治疗应借助于简单程序以使得能够常规治疗心瓣膜狭窄或心瓣膜功能不全,而不会对患者造成严重应激。
本公开的目标
本公开的某些实施方案的一个目标在于提供一种用于输送假体(例如心瓣膜)的导管系统,其易于操纵。具体说来,其中心脏瓣膜可以可靠地被装载和卷缩,而不会因装载和卷缩过程而产生不利的副作用。
本公开的某些实施方案的另一目标在于提供一种用于假体的导管和输送系统,其以一定方式被设计以有助于将假体输送到靶位点。具体说来,提供一种系统设计,其中可以操纵通过患者脉管系统,而不会有现有技术中已知的缺点。
本公开的某些实施方案的另一目标在于提供一种设计,其中假体可以可靠地定位并输送到靶位点,可直到某一过程时间点终止输送过程并缩回假体。此外,本公开的某些实施方案的一个目标是使得假体能够在轴向和旋转方向上自由运动。
本公开的某些实施方案的另一目标在于提供假体的逐步释放以便将假体准确地置于靶位点处,从而使得能够以此方式重新定位和/或微调定位过程。
发明内容
一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种导管系统,其包括i.转向装置;和ii.用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置,任选为可扩张型或自扩张型球囊,其中所述转向装置和所述输送装置可同轴并旋转地独立运动。
另一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种用于心脏瓣膜的输送系统,其包括i.转向装置;ii.用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置以及iii.导入器鞘,其中所述转向装置、所述输送装置及所述导入器鞘可同轴并且周向地独立运动。
又一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种用于将心脏瓣膜输送到患者心脏的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:i.在第一步中将包括导入器鞘的导入器置于患者脉管系统中;ii.在第二步中将其上固定有自扩张型心脏瓣膜的导管系统通过导入器导入患者脉管系统中;iii.在第三步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜定位在患者心脏中接近靶位点处,任选地将心脏瓣膜定位在基本上靶区域的中心处;iv.在第四步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜定位在靶位点处;v.在第五步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜从导管系统上部分释放;vi.在第六步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜从导管系统上完全释放。
又一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种将自扩张型心脏瓣膜装载到导管系统的输送装置上的方法,所述导管系统具有内轴、可附接的远端尖端及至少一个外鞘,所述方法是由以下步骤组成:
径向压缩自扩张型心脏瓣膜并且将所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜置于管状保持器中,所述保持器防止自扩张型瓣膜径向扩张;
使输送系统的内轴穿过所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜的中心开口;
将远端尖端附接于输送系统的轴上;
将外鞘推进到压缩的心脏瓣膜上以防止至少部分心脏瓣膜的径向扩张;以及
将管状保持器从压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜上移除。又一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及心脏瓣膜的2步放置过程。
又一方面,本公开的实施方案具体涉及心脏瓣膜在导管或输送系统中的附接,其中心脏瓣膜仅横向部分由导管的固定装置固定和/或覆盖且其中心脏瓣膜的基本上中间部分不被覆盖。
又一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种用于输送心脏瓣膜的可转向导管。
简言之,经导管心脏瓣膜是由经心尖(TA)和/或经股(TF)输送系统来输送,所述输送系统的特征为新型的预成型鞘和/或可转向导管以使得能够实现专利品牌
Figure GDA0002376918970000041
假体的位置杠杆(emplacement leveraging)益处。
根据一些实施方案,经导管心脏瓣膜输送系统包括心包THV系统,其包括专门的假体;假体输送系统及单独的瓣膜装载器。
根据一些实施方案,所述假体是由猪心包组织构成并用聚酯缝合线附接到自扩张型镍钛诺支架骨架上,其具有专门的支杆及配合到经心尖或经股导管输送装置中的能力,如下文进一步所描述、说明及要求保护。
根据一些实施方案,经心尖和/或经股导管输送系统有效地可折叠地容纳并输送骨架,所述骨架具有冠样设计并且与预成型鞘和/或可转向导管一起发挥作用,如下文进一步所描述、说明及要求保护。
根据一些实施方案,本系统与至少三种瓣膜尺寸相匹配,适应至少约21至27mm的天然瓣膜环直径。
根据一方面,本公开提供一种用于将可扩张型心脏瓣膜导入患者体内的导管系统,所述导管系统包括用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置。
在本公开的一些方面中,输送装置包括导管尖端和导管轴。输送装置的导管尖端具有基座部,该基座部用于容纳有待在其折叠或卷曲状态下导入患者体内的心脏瓣膜。导管尖端具有用于将心脏瓣膜可实现地固定到导管尖端上的其他固持装置。
导管尖端的基座部是由第一保持装置和第二保持装置构成。在本公开的一些实施方案中,第一保持装置和第二保持装置可由第一套管形构件和第二套管形构件构成。
导管尖端的第一保持装置用于将心脏瓣膜的远端部分可逆地固定到输送装置,且具体说来固定到输送装置的导管尖端上。另一方面,导管尖端的第二保持装置用于将心脏瓣膜的近端部分可逆地紧固到输送装置,且具体说来紧固到输送装置的导管尖端上。
第一和第二保持装置相对于彼此并且还相对于导管尖端的固持装置可运动。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的导管轴包括第一力传递装置和第二力传递装置。
第一力传递装置的远端部分连接或可连接到导管尖端的第一保持装置并且第一力传递装置的近端部分连接或可连接到输送装置的手柄的第一操作装置。第二力传递装置的远端部分连接或可连接到导管尖端的第二保持装置并且第二力传递装置的近端部分连接或可连接到输送装置的手柄的第二操作装置。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的手柄具有至少一个第一操作装置和至少一个第二操作装置,借助于这些操作装置,输送装置的导管尖端可适当地被操纵以便可将紧固到导管尖端上的可扩张型心脏瓣膜逐步或以限定或可限定的事件顺序从导管尖端上释放。
根据本公开的优选实施方案,导管尖端具有第一和第二保持装置,例如以套管形构件形式,其可用输送装置的手柄操纵。这些保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端上。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,第一保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地紧固心脏瓣膜的第一功能组件,例如支架的保持箍或替代地支架的定位箍,而第二保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地紧固心脏瓣膜的第二功能组件,例如支架的定位箍或替代地用于容纳支架的保持箍。
关于输送装置的手柄,优选设置为:一方面,第一操作装置与导管尖端的第一保持装置配合以使得第一操作装置一旦致动,第一保持装置的先前可限定的纵向位移可相对于固持装置实现。另一方面,第二操作装置与导管尖端的第二保持装置配合以使得第二保持装置的先前可限定的纵向位移可相对于固持装置实现。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,第一和第二保持装置仅用于将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端上。如果第一和第二保持装置被配置为第一和第二套管形构件,那么这些套管形构件具有一定长度以使得当将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端时在第一与第二套管形构件之间有间隙。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的第一力传递装置是由界定第一管腔的第一导管构成,且输送装置的第二力传递装置是由界定第二管腔的第二导管构成。第二导管具有比第一导管的横截面小的横截面。第一导管与第二导管同心并同轴地设置且第二导管被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内。
然而,与导管尖端的第一和第二套管形构件相反,导管尖端的固持装置相对于输送装置的手柄不能运动。更确切地说,固持装置通过使用固持管连接到输送装置的手柄,所述固持管的远端连接到固持装置且近端连接到输送装置手柄的主体。固持管具有比第一导管的横截面小的横截面。具体说来,第一导管一方面与第二导管且另一方面与固持管同心并同轴地设置。
优选地,固持管具有比第一导管的横截面小且比第二导管的横截面大的横截面以便固持管被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内且第二导管被接纳在由固持管界定的通路内。由固持管界定的通路具有足以容纳第二导管的直径以便第二导管可相对于固持管运动。
由第二导管界定的第二管腔具有足以容纳导丝的直径。第二导管是由刚性材料制成,包括例如镍钛诺、不锈钢或刚塑性材料。第二导管的远端部分的材料与近端部分的材料相比可具有增加的柔韧性以便允许导管轴的远端部分在导管尖端插入期间通过主动脉弓。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,第二导管的远端部分终止于具有防止损伤形状的软导管末尖端。软导管末尖端配备有与由第二导管界定的第二管腔对准的通道以使得容纳在第二导管的第二管腔内的导丝可穿过软导管末尖端的通道。导管尖端的第二套管形构件连接到软导管末尖端以使得第二套管形构件的开口端朝向与软导管末尖端和第二导管的方向相反的近端方向。
固持管优选地由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料、不锈钢或镍钛诺制成。固持管的远端终止于固持装置,所述固持装置也是由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料或不锈钢制成。由固持管界定的通路与穿过固持装置的通道对准。以此方式,第二导管容纳在固持管的通路和固持装置的通道中以便于可相对于固持管和固持装置运动。
提供固持管以将固持装置连接到输送装置的手柄。出于此目的,固持管具有连接到固持装置的远端和与输送装置的手柄主体连接的近端。
第一导管优选地由可弯曲但无弹性的材料制成。举例来说,第一导管可至少部分由编织或非编织的导管制成。因此,第一导管可具有刚性编织物强化的主体,类似于美国专利号4,665,604中所述的导管主体,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。
第一导管应适配于将压缩力和拉伸力从输送装置的手柄的第一操作装置传递到导管尖端的第一保持装置,而不会过度改变其总长度。第一导管的远端终止于扩口部分处作为向界定导管尖端的第一保持装置的部分的过渡。
扩口部分和第一保持装置可整体成型并且可连接到第一导管的远端部分。或者,第一保持装置和第一导管的扩口部分可在加宽过程之前全部具有相同的材料并且来源于相同的原始管以使得扩口部分和第一保持装置为相同的元件。
根据本公开的另一方面,导管系统进一步包括转向装置。所述转向装置当推进导管尖端穿过患者的脉管系统时用于导引输送装置且具体说来输送装置的导管尖端。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,转向装置包括具有近端部分和远端部分的可转向导管。可转向导管的近端部分连接或可连接到转向装置的手柄。
转向装置的手柄配备有操作装置,例如以可旋转的旋钮或轮子形式,藉助于所述操作装置可控制可转向导管的弯曲连接区。
根据本文所公开的其他实施方案,转向装置的可转向导管不具备任何弯曲连接区,其可由相应的操作装置操纵。确切而言,在这些实施方案中,可转向导管的远端部分的材料与近端部分的材料相比可具有增加的柔韧性。以此方式,可转向导管的远端部分可在可转向导管插入期间轻易通过例如主动脉弓。
在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,转向装置的手柄配备有操作装置,可藉助于该操作装置控制可转向导管的弯曲连接区,其中操作装置优选地具有止动装置以便允许可转向导管的弯曲连接区的设定偏转得以固定。例如,可在操作装置上配备合适的卡挡机构,其与转向装置的手柄主体配合。具体说来,可转向导管的弯曲连接区可借助于控制线连接到转向装置的操作装置,借此一旦经由控制线致动操作装置,拉伸力便施加于可转向导管的弯曲连接区,由此产生弯曲连接区的预定的或可预定的偏转。
然而,如果可转向导管具备这种弯曲连接区,当然还可选择其他实施方案作为转向装置的操作装置以用于使可转向导管或可转向导管的弯曲连接区偏转。
根据本文所公开的一些实施方案,转向装置的可转向导管的近端部分终止于转向装置的端口部分或与转向装置的端口部分连接。转向装置的端口部分用于将输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴导入到可转向导管中。出于此目的,转向装置的端口部分具有界定延伸穿过端口部分的通路的管腔,通路的远端部分与可转向导管的近端部分对准。
转向装置的端口部分优选地整合到或连接到转向装置的手柄。
输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴可导入(经由转向装置的端口部分)到可转向导管中。输送装置的导管轴且具体地输送装置的导管轴的第一导管可相对于可转向导管运动。具体说来,可转向导管终止于接近导管尖端处,其中导入器鞘的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于在第一导管的近端处配备的扩口部分的横截面。
转向装置的近端部分且具体说来转向装置的端口部分的近端部分可释放地连接到输送装置的手柄。
根据本公开的一方面,所述导管系统还包括具有导入器鞘的导入器。所述导入器鞘具有比转向装置的可转向导管的横截面大的横截面。
当将输送装置和/或转向装置且具体说来转向装置的可转向导管导入患者的脉管系统中时,导入器鞘充当导引装置。更详细而言,导入器鞘界定通路,可将输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴和/或转向装置的可转向导管导引通过该通路到达患者体内的植入侧。
导入器鞘具有远端、近端及在其间延伸的通路。导入器鞘具有一定长度以便当输送系统的导管轴和导管尖端已被完全导入导入器鞘中时导入器鞘的远端终止于接近输送系统的导管尖端处。
当输送装置的导管轴的至少一部分或转向装置的可转向导管的至少一部分已被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时,导入器鞘与输送装置的导管轴或转向装置的可转向导管的截面同心并同轴地设置。
然而,在任何情况下,输送装置的导管轴和/或转向装置的可转向导管可相对于导入器鞘运动。具体说来,导入器鞘终止于接近导管尖端处,其中导入器鞘的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于可转向导管的横截面。
导入器鞘的近端部分连接到导入器端口。导入器端口用于提供将输送装置或转向装置的可转向导管输送到导入器鞘中所需的通向导入器的导入器鞘的入口。
导入器端口可包括基部构件,其被配置成当输送装置的导管轴被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时手动地可固定于输送装置的手柄,或当转向装置的可转向导管被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时手动地可固定到转向装置的手柄。
根据本文所公开的一些实施方案,导入器端口配备有密封配置以用于当导入器鞘被导入患者的脉管系统中时防止流体(具体说来,血液)从导入器漏出。
在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,导入器鞘的近端部分终止于导入器端口的密封配置远端的卷曲部分。导入器的卷曲部分用于在导管尖端导入到导入器鞘中期间使固定到输送装置的导管尖端上的心脏瓣膜的至少中间部分卷曲。如上已提及,根据本文所公开的实施方案,优选仅心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分藉助于第一和第二保持装置被固定到输送装置的导管尖端上,其中无专用的保持装置分配给在心脏瓣膜的远端与近端部分之间的心脏瓣膜的中间部分。
为了在导管尖端被导入到导入器鞘中期间使心脏瓣膜的中间部分卷曲,导管尖端穿过导入器的卷曲部分,由此进一步减小被固定到导管尖端上的心脏瓣膜的中间部分的直径。在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,卷曲部分可包括圆锥形管状构件,其内径朝管状构件的远端方向减小。
导入器鞘可为薄型材料以使得压缩力和拉伸力一旦传递,便允许导入器鞘的长度变形。然而,导入器鞘材料应具有足够的刚性以便在导管尖端插入期间以机械方式避免导管轴的远侧部的柔性部分扭结。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,导入器鞘具有预成型的、优选弯曲的构型。
入口可设置在转向装置、导入器和/或输送装置的近端部分处以便在必要时注射流体。此外,止回阀可设置在导入器鞘的近端部分处以防止流体从导入器鞘中漏出。
导入器鞘可具有足以保护导管尖端所穿过的血管内壁的长度。另外,可设置单独的导入器系统(不属于导管系统)。导入器系统则可充当用于使从导管尖端到导管轴的完整导管系统穿入患者体内并直达心脏的门户。
另外,导入器鞘减少施加于穿过导入器鞘插入的第一导管上的压缩力。这提高了手术期间可转向导管和输送装置的导管轴的可操纵性。其结果是任何摩擦力都得到减小。此外,在导管尖端已行进穿过患者的血管系统之后移动所述导管尖端的操作得到了极大改进,同时降低患者的损伤风险。
导入器鞘的长度取决于输送装置的导管轴的长度且通常将在约20cm与100cm之间。然而,本领域技术人员应理解,本文所提供的全部尺寸旨在仅作为实例,且不同尺寸的导入器鞘和导管可出于特定用途而被取代。
如应理解,导入器鞘将具有一定尺寸,即具有一定外径,这允许其插入患者的血管(动脉或静脉)中,用于经动脉或经由静脉将支架移动到功能不全的心脏瓣膜中。
导入器鞘能够横穿患者体内的弯曲路径而不会扭结。导入器鞘可包括内部润滑衬里、外部聚合物护套及在内层与外层之间的线圈加强件。此导入器鞘可提供有利的柔性,而不会扭结或压缩。一个或多个不透射线的带或标记可被并入导入器鞘材料内以便允许为了定位精度精确定位导入器鞘远端。本领域技术人员应理解,为了特定目的其他已知材料也可以是适合的。
导管系统特别适合于输送和植入心脏瓣膜,如例如在欧洲专利申请号07 110 318或欧洲专利申请号08 151 963中所述。在本公开的一些实施方案中,相应地,使用一种心脏瓣膜,其包括支架和附接于支架上的心脏瓣膜假体。所述支架展现出以下:
-第一保持区,心脏瓣膜假体可附接于该第一保持区;
-具有至少一个保持元件的相对的第二保持区,例如以保持孔形式或保持头形式,借此支架的至少一个保持元件可与输送装置的导管尖端的固持装置呈可释放的接合;
-至少一个保持箍,心脏瓣膜假体可紧固于该保持箍;以及
-至少一个且优选三个定位箍,其被设计成接合在呈支架植入状态的天然心脏瓣膜的袋中,由此使得支架能够在患者的主动脉中自动定位。
具体说来,本文公开了一种导管系统,借此具有心脏瓣膜假体附接于此支架的可扩张型心脏瓣膜支架可例如经由被治疗的患者的主动脉(经动脉或经股)以特别简单的方式行进到植入位点。优选地,由于在导管系统的远端区处设置的导管尖端就其外径而言可做得足够小,在导管系统经动脉或经股进入期间,在主动脉内可利用的整个自由横截面未完全填满,其中支架可适应于心脏瓣膜假体。
其上附接有心脏瓣膜假体的可扩张型心脏瓣膜支架可在以卷曲状态植入期间临时固定到输送装置的导管尖端上。
为经动脉或经股进入而设计的导管系统因此适用于将其上附接有心脏瓣膜假体的心脏瓣膜支架经动脉或经股插入患者体内;例如,导管系统的输送装置的导管尖端经由股总动脉(A.femoris communis)(腹股沟动脉)的穿刺插入。
具体说来,利用为经动脉或经股进入而设计的导管系统,输送装置的导管轴可被设计成使得其具有防扭结性和柔性,由此可至少在导管轴的远端区处实现高达4cm且优选高达3cm的弯曲半径。
附图说明
各种实施方案将参看以下附图来描述。
其中:
图1:用于可扩张型心脏瓣膜的经股/经动脉插入的输送系统的一个实施方案的侧立面图;
图2a:根据图1的输送系统的输送装置的一个实施方案的侧立面图;
图2b:图2a的输送装置的截面侧立面图;
图2c:图2a的输送装置的导管尖端的截面侧立面图;
图3a:根据图1的输送系统的转向装置的一个实施方案的侧立面图;
图3b:图3a的转向装置的截面侧立面图;
图4:根据图1的输送系统的导入器的一个实施方案的截面侧立面图;
图5:示出了心脏瓣膜支架的经股/经动脉植入过程的示意图;
图6a-i:图2a的输送装置的组件的截面侧立面图;
图7:根据本公开的TF经导管心脏瓣膜输送的全系统的平面图;
图8:根据本公开的图1的系统的特写视图;
图9:
Figure GDA0002376918970000101
牌假体的示意图及其实际视图;
图10:TF输送系统的绘图;
图11:TF输送系统的另一视图;
图12示出了根据本公开的预成型鞘的附加视图;
图13a、b:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的一个实施方案的侧视图;
图14a、b:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;
图15:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;
图16a、b:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;
图17:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;
图18a、b:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;
图19a、b:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图;以及
图20:便于导管远端从导入器鞘或导引导管中移除的装置的另一实施方案的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方案。
图5示意性地示出了可如何经动脉或经股进入患者心脏的一个实例。在根据图5的图示中,心脏瓣膜支架150借助于输送系统100经由股动脉行进至主动脉瓣。适用于经动脉或经股进入的输送系统100的实施方案在下文中描述。
如例如图1中所描绘,根据本公开的一个示例性实施方案的输送系统100包括输送装置10、转向装置30及导入器40。
输送装置10具有导管尖端11、导管轴12、及与导管轴12的近端部分连接的手柄13。关于此点,还参看图2a和图2b。
如例如图2c中所示,输送装置10的导管尖端11具有基座部和固持装置14,该基座部用于容纳待以其卷曲状态插入的心脏瓣膜,该固持装置用于将心脏瓣膜可释放地固定到导管尖端11。
输送装置10进一步包括导管轴12,其用于将导管尖端11连接到输送装置10的手柄13,导管轴12的远端部分具有足够的柔性以便导管尖端11和导管轴12的远端部分可在插入穿过患者主动脉期间通过主动脉弓。
导管尖端11的基座部包括第一保持装置15和第二保持装置16,第一和第二保持装置15、16的相应横截面可彼此相同。在图2c所示的示例性实施方案中,第一和第二保持装置15、16分别被配置为套管形元件。分别选择这些套管形元件的长度以便导管尖端的基座部不被套管形元件完全覆盖。更确切地且如图2c所示,导管尖端的基座部的中间部分总是未覆盖的。
第一和第二保持装置15、16可相对于彼此且相对于固持装置14运动。出于此目的,提供第一力传递装置20,其具有连接到第一保持装置15的远端部分和与手柄13的第一操作装置17连接的近端部分。另外,提供第二力传递装置21,其具有连接到第二保持装置16的远端部分和与手柄13的第二操作装置18连接的近端部分。当操纵手柄13的第一和/或第二操作装置17、18时,第一和/或第二保持装置15、16可相对于彼此且相对于固持装置14运动。
如由图2b和图2c可见,第一力传递装置20可由界定第一管腔的第一导管构成且第二力传递装置21是由界定第二管腔的第二导管构成。第二导管可具有比第一导管的横截面小的横截面。第一导管与第二导管可同心并同轴地设置且第二导管被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内。
然而,与导管尖端11的第一和第二保持装置15、16相反,导管尖端11的固持装置14相对于输送装置10的手柄13不能运动。更确切地说,固持装置14通过使用固持管22连接到手柄13的主体19,所述固持管22的远端连接到固持装置14且近端连接到手柄13的主体19。
固持管22可具有比第一力传递装置20的第一导管的横截面小的横截面。具体说来,第一力传递装置20的第一导管可一方面与第二力传递装置21的第二导管且另一方面与固持管22同心并同轴地设置。
在一些实施方案中,固持管22具有比第一导管横截面小且比第二导管横截面大的横截面以便固持管22被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内并且第二导管被接纳在由固持管22界定的通路内。由固持管22界定的通路具有足以容纳第二导管的直径以便第二导管可相对于固持管22运动。
由第二导管界定的第二管腔具有足以容纳导丝(未示出)的直径。第二导管可由刚性材料制成,包括例如镍钛诺、不锈钢或刚塑性材料。第二导管的远端部分的材料与近端部分的材料相比可具有增加的柔性以便允许导管轴12的远端部分在导管尖端11插入期间通过主动脉弓。
如由例如图2c可见,第二导管的远端部分终止于具有防止损伤形状的软导管末尖端23。软导管末尖端23配备有与由第二导管界定的第二管腔对准的通道以使得容纳在第二导管的第二管腔内的导丝可穿过软导管末尖端的通道。导管尖端11的第二保持装置16连接到软导管末尖端23以使得第二保持装置16的开口端朝向与软导管末尖端23和第二导管方向相反的近端方向。
根据本公开的示例性实施方案,固持管22是由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料、不锈钢或镍钛诺制成。固持管22的远端终止于固持装置14,所述固持装置也是由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料或不锈钢制成。由固持管22界定的通路与穿过固持装置14的通道对准。以此方式,第二导管容纳在固持管22的通路和固持装置14的通道中以便可相对于固持管22和固持装置14运动。
第一力传递装置20的第一导管是由可弯曲但无弹性的材料制成。举例来说,第一导管可至少部分由编织或非编织导管制成。第一导管应适配于将压缩力和拉伸力从手柄13的第一操作装置17传递到导管尖端11的第一保持装置15,而不会过度改变其总长度。第一导管的远端终止于扩口部分处作为向界定导管尖端11的第一保持装置15的部分的过渡。
扩口部分和第一保持装置15可整体成型并且可连接到第一导管的远端部分。另外,扩口部分可构成导管尖端11的第一保持装置15。第一保持装置15和第一导管的扩口部分可在加宽过程之前全部具有相同的材料并且来源于相同的原始管以使得扩口部分与第一保持装置15为相同的元件。
参看例如图1,根据本公开的示例性实施方案的输送系统100进一步包括转向装置30,该转向装置用于当导管尖端11行进穿过患者脉管系统时导引输送装置10且具体说来输送装置10的导管尖端11。
如图3a-b中所示,转向装置30包括具有近端部分和远端部分的可转向导管31。可转向导管31的近端部分连接或可连接到转向装置30的手柄32。
转向装置30的手柄32配备有操作装置33,例如以可旋转的旋钮或轮子形式,藉助于所述操作装置可控制可转向导管31的弯曲连接区。
如图3a所示,转向装置30的手柄32还配备有指示器装置34,所述指示器装置34用于显示藉助于操作装置33施加于可转向导管31的弯曲连接区上的偏转度。
尽管图3a中未明确地示出,但在一些实施方案中,操作装置33优选地具有止动装置以允许有待固定的可转向导管31的弯曲连接区的设定偏转。例如,可在操作装置33上配备合适的卡挡机构,其与转向装置30的手柄32的主体配合。
如由图3b可见,提供控制线35,其将操作装置34与可转向导管31的弯曲连接区相连接。启动操作装置33时,经由控制线35对可转向导管31的弯曲连接区施加拉伸力,其产生弯曲连接区的预定或可预定的偏转。
然而,当然还可选择其他实施方案作为转向装置30的操作装置33以便于使可转向导管31或可转向导管31的弯曲连接区域偏转。
在图3b所示的转向装置30的示例性实施方案中,转向装置30的可转向导管31的近端部分终止于转向装置30的端口部分36。转向装置30的端口部分36用于将输送装置10的导管尖端11和导管轴12导入到可转向导管31中。出于此目的,转向装置30的端口部分36具有界定延伸穿过端口部分36的通路的管腔,通路的远端部分与可转向导管31的近端部分对准。
如图1所示,输送装置10的导管尖端11和导管轴12可导入(经由转向装置30的端口部分36)到可转向导管31中。输送装置10的导管轴12且具体地输送装置10的导管轴的第一导管可相对于可转向导管31运动。具体说来,可转向导管31终止于接近导管尖端11处,其中导入器鞘的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于在第一导管近端处配备的扩口部分的横截面。
如图1所示,输送系统100的示例性实施方案还配备有具有导入器鞘41的导入器40。导入器鞘41具有比转向装置30的可转向导管31的横截面大的横截面。
当将输送装置10和/或转向装置30且具体说来转向装置30的可转向导管31导入患者的脉管系统中时,导入器鞘41充当导引装置。更详细而言,导入器鞘41界定通路,输送装置10的导管尖端11和导管轴12和/或转向装置30的可转向导管31可被导引通过该通路到达患者体内的植入侧。
导入器40的一个实施方案的截面侧视图示于图4中。
因此,导入器鞘41具有远端、近端及在二者之间延伸的通路。导入器鞘41具有一定长度以便当输送系统100的导管轴12和导管尖端11已完全被导入导入器鞘41中时导入器鞘41的远端终止于接近输送系统的导管尖端11处。
当输送装置10的导管轴12的至少一部分或转向装置30的可转向导管31的至少一部分已被导入由导入器鞘41界定的通路中时,导入器鞘41与输送装置10的导管轴12或转向装置30的可转向导管31的部分同心并同轴地设置。
然而,在任何情况下,输送装置10的导管轴12和/或转向装置30的可转向导管31可相对于导入器鞘41运动。具体说来,导入器鞘41终止于接近导管尖端11处,其中导入器鞘41的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于可转向导管31的横截面。
导入器鞘41的近端部分连接到导入器端口42。导入器端口42用于提供将输送装置10或转向装置30的可转向导管31输送到导入器鞘41中所需的通向导入器40的导入器鞘41的入口。
导入器口42可包括基部构件43,其被配置成当被导入到由导入器鞘41界定的通路中时手动地可固定到可转向导管31,或当转向装置30的可转向导管31被导入由导入器鞘41界定的通路中时手动地可固定到转向装置30的手柄32。
如从图4中可见,导入器端口42配备有密封配置44用于当导入器鞘41被导入患者的脉管系统中时防止流体(具体说来,血液)从导入器40漏出。
此外,在图4中示出的导入器40的示例性实施方案中,导入器鞘41的近端部分终止于导入器端口42的密封配置44远端的卷曲部分45处。导入器40的卷曲部分45用于在导管尖端11导入到导入器鞘41中期间使固定到输送装置10的导管尖端11上的心脏瓣膜的至少中间部分卷曲。如参看图2c所描述,仅心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分藉助于第一和第二保持装置15、16被固定到输送装置10的导管尖端11上,其中无专用的保持装置分配给在心脏瓣膜的远端与近端部分之间的心脏瓣膜的中间部分。
为了在导管尖端11被导入到导入器鞘41中期间使心脏瓣膜的中间部分卷曲,使导管尖端11穿过导入器40的卷曲部分45,由此进一步减小被固定到导管尖端11上的心脏瓣膜的中间部分的直径。如图4所示,卷曲部分45可包括圆锥形管状构件,其内径朝管状构件的远端方向减小。
导入器鞘41可为薄型材料以允许导入器鞘41的弯曲,以便遵循从股动脉到植入位点的弯曲路径。然而,导入器鞘41材料应具有足够的刚性以便在导管尖端11插入期间以机械方式避免导管轴12的远侧部的柔性部分扭结。
入口1、1'、1"可设置在转向装置30、导入器40和/或输送装置10的近端部分处以便在必要时注射流体。此外,止回阀可设置在导入器鞘41的近端部分处以防止流体从导入器鞘41中漏出。
导入器鞘41可具有足以保护导管尖端11所穿过的血管内壁的长度。另外,可设置单独的导入器系统(不属于导管系统)。导入器系统则可充当用于使从导管尖端11到导管轴12的完整导管系统穿入患者体内并直达心脏的门户。
另外,导入器鞘41减少施加于穿过导入器鞘41插入的第一导管上的压缩力。这提高了手术期间可转向导管31和输送装置10的导管轴12的可操纵性。其结果是任何摩擦力都得到减小。此外,在导管尖端11已行进穿过患者的血管系统之后移动所述导管尖端的操作得到了极大改进,同时降低患者的损伤风险。
如应理解,导入器鞘41将具有一定尺寸,即具有一定外径,这允许其插入患者的血管(动脉或静脉)中,用于经动脉或经由静脉地将支架移动到功能不全的心脏瓣膜中。
图6a至6i表示图2a的输送装置的组件的截面侧立面图。
图7至12代表本公开的其他实施方案。
一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种导管系统,其包括:
i)转向装置;和
ii)用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置,任选为球囊可扩张型或自扩张型,其中所述转向装置和所述输送装置可同轴并旋转地独立运动。
在一个实施方案中,所述导管系统与供血管内、任选地经股(TF)施用的导入器相容或可被修改以适用于置换心脏瓣膜的经心尖(TA)输送。在这种TA系统和装置中,其中心脏假体与输送装置可释放地连接的方向与TF施用相比翻转了180°。
在一些实施方案中,根据本公开的导管系统被制成使得导入器包括导入器鞘,所述导入器鞘延伸或可延伸穿过血管且任选地接近心脏的靶位点且任选地其中导入器鞘展现出卷曲部分。
根据本公开实施方案的导管系统可在导管系统的远端处具有第一和第二保持装置以便将心脏瓣膜可逆地紧固于输送装置。
任选地,根据本公开实施方案的导管系统的特征在于第一保持装置将心脏瓣膜的远端可逆地紧固于输送装置且第二保持装置将心脏瓣膜的近端可逆地紧固于输送装置。
在一个实施方案中,心脏瓣膜的中间部分不被套管装置所覆盖。因此,就直径而言它保持柔性且组织没有受到卷曲过程的压力,卷曲过程在心包瓣膜材料上产生张力。以此方式,心脏瓣膜仅在放置过程期间卷曲且因此置换心脏瓣膜卷曲至其最小直径的时间保持相对较短。
因此,在根据本公开的导管系统的至少一个实施方案中,紧固的心脏瓣膜的直径沿着其长度变化,且优选地,心脏瓣膜沿着其长度可压缩至导入器鞘的内径。
因此,在根据本公开的导管系统的至少一个实施方案中,导入器鞘的内径可根据各自的应用的要求来选择且可小于24French,例如小于20French、小于18French、且甚至小于16French。
在至少一个实施方案中,导入器鞘具有预成型的、优选弯曲的构型。
本领域技术人员应理解,通常应用于导管和输送系统中的材料也可用于根据本公开的实施方案中。例如,在根据本公开的一个实施方案的导管系统中,导入器鞘的特征是柔性聚合物、亲水性涂层、PTFE衬里、线圈加强件和/或编织物加强件。
置换心脏瓣膜可以利用有用的装置附接于与该装置的其他部分相容的输送装置。在一个实施方案中,心脏瓣膜借助于固持装置附接于输送装置,其中心脏瓣膜与输送装置展现出互补形状。例如,心脏瓣膜可在远端和近端处具有阳连接器元件以便与输送装置上的阴连接器元件接合。
在根据本公开的导管系统的至少一个实施方案中,输送装置和转向装置是由一个或两个装置,任选由一个或两个手柄操纵。转向装置可展现出使输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转成弯曲构型的装置。
在根据本公开的导管系统的至少一个实施方案中,输送装置与转向装置可释放地连接。
另一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种用于心脏瓣膜的输送系统,其包括i.转向装置;ii.用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置以及iii.导入器鞘,其中所述转向装置、所述输送装置及所述导入器鞘可同轴并且周向地独立运动。
在示例性实施方案中,导入器鞘延伸或可延伸穿过血管且任选地接近心脏。
输送系统的不同部分和区段可彼此适应且以使得它们在构造和功能特点上相容的方式制造。在至少一个实施方案中,转向装置、输送装置和导入器鞘至少分段地、部分地或基本上完全彼此同轴排列。转向装置、输送装置和导入器鞘可同轴并可旋转地独立运动。
在根据本公开的一些实施方案的输送系统中,输送装置和转向装置可同时或独立地导入到导入器鞘中。
在根据本公开的实施方案的输送系统中,导入器鞘可展现出卷曲部分,用于减小附接于输送装置上的心脏瓣膜的直径。这种卷曲部分具有以下优点:置换心脏瓣膜在输送和放置过程期间仅沿着其整个长度卷曲至其最小直径,由此对置换心脏瓣膜的心包组织产生较小的应力冲击。
另一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种用于将心脏瓣膜输送到患者心脏的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:i.在第一步中将包括导入器鞘的导入器置于患者脉管系统中;ii.在第二步中将其上固定有自扩张型或球囊可扩张型心脏瓣膜的导管系统通过导入器导入患者脉管系统中;iii.在第三步中将心脏瓣膜定位在患者心脏中接近靶位点处,任选地将心脏瓣膜定位在基本上靶区域的中心处;iv.在第四步中将心脏瓣膜定位在靶位点处;v.在第五步中将心脏瓣膜从导管系统上部分地释放;vi.在第六步中将心脏瓣膜从导管系统上完全释放。
在根据本公开的实施方案的一些方法中,当自扩张型心脏瓣膜通过导入器鞘(优选卷曲部分)时,所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜的至少一个部分从第一直径压缩至小于第一直径的第二直径。
在本公开的实施方案的另一方面中,当自扩张型心脏瓣膜离开导入器鞘的远端时,所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜的至少一个部分从第一直径扩张至大于第一直径的第二直径。
另一方面,本公开的实施方案涉及一种将自扩张型或球囊可扩张型心脏瓣膜装载到导管系统的输送装置上的方法,所述导管系统具有至少一个轴和至少一个外鞘和/或如上所述且在说明书通篇中表征,且所述方法包括或由以下组成:
-径向压缩心脏瓣膜并将所压缩的心脏瓣膜置于管状保持器中,所述保持器防止自扩张型瓣膜径向扩张,
-使输送系统的内轴穿过所压缩的心脏瓣膜的中心开口,
-将远端尖端附接于输送系统的轴上,
-使外鞘行进到所压缩的心脏瓣膜上以防止至少部分心脏瓣膜的径向扩张,以及
-将管状保持器从所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜上移除。
在下文中,将描述其他替代和/或示例性实施方案。
在至少一个实施方案中,本公开涉及一种用于假体(例如心脏瓣膜)的输送系统,其一般是由三个组件组成或包括三个组件。三个组件各自由手柄组成,其中每个手柄的特征是如下的附加部件。
端口手柄包括预成型管状组件,其可从股骨开始导入患者的脉管系统(例如经股)直至接近心脏。此导入器鞘具有50至150cm的长度,例如100至120cm。管状元件可具有预成型的弯曲或可以以使其容易围绕接近心脏的大动脉弯曲的方式来设计。球囊装置可通过此手柄/导入器鞘导入,这代表假体输送过程中的第一步。此手柄展现出可转动的把手并且定位在大腿处且具有导入输送系统的其他组件的功能。管状组件可被推动通过端口手柄或固定于其上。管状组件是由用线材加强的相容性聚合物材料制造并且可包括在内部所涂覆的PTFE或Teflon。端口手柄可展现出瓣膜或用于关闭中空进入管的其他装置,所述中空进入管是用来导入导入器鞘和系统的导管组件。导入器鞘的内径小于25French,例如小于20French、小于18French或具有20、18或16French的直径。
导入器鞘可联接到第二手柄(导入器鞘手柄),借此可以推动与导入器鞘手柄结合的导入器鞘。导入器鞘手柄展现出类似装置的线材,由此使得导入器鞘是可转向的。以此方式,在假体放置期间,导入器鞘可弯曲或以限定的位置导向,这将有助于放置过程。第一和第二手柄可展现出一种装置,所述装置将它们彼此可释放地连接。
第三手柄代表输送系统的导管组件。其包括手柄、导管轴、用于可释放地连接假体的远端胶囊、用于冲洗的管路,包括关闭装置。手柄展现出用于连接假体并将其释放的控制装置。
任何组件或所有组件均可借助于导丝导入。
输送过程可遵循打开股骨脉管系统作为进入口并导入一个端口和/或导丝的步骤。端口手柄和导入器鞘被定位在大腿处并沿主动脉上行导入。在下一步中,球囊装置被导入穿过端口和导入器鞘以便借助于球囊扩张而加宽靶位点。在执行此任务之后,取回球囊装置。在下一步中,导管被导入穿过导入器鞘。将假体预装载到在远端胶囊处的导管上。假体在表示阳/阴连接的限定的安装位置处与其末端连接,由此允许假体在靶位点处以逐步方式受控释放。因此,假体与导管连接以使得该连接意味着小直径且假体不以其他方式连接并且也不被鞘或其他覆盖件覆盖。因此,假体的此中间部分的直径由于支架材料的向外张力而比在连接位点处更大。此设计的优点在于可实现装载的假体的小直径。在将装载到导管胶囊上的假体导入到并穿过导入器鞘的过程中,假体将卷曲至它的最终直径,该最终直径由导入器鞘的内径预限定。导入器鞘的材料设计有助于卷曲且还便于行进穿过此鞘。
现在可使用导入器鞘和导管使假体靠近靶位点的方向。输送系统的另一个优点在于导管与导入器鞘可同轴并旋转地独立运动。此外,借助于第二手柄的转向装置,导入器鞘可弯曲且因此便于操控假体穿过脉管系统至其最终的靶位点。根据本公开实施方案的系统的另一个优点在于导管手柄和具有转向装置的导入器鞘的第二手柄可独立地运动和操作。
释放过程可通过可逆的两步法来管理。一旦假体的探头被置于天然主动脉瓣的尖瓣内,便开始释放过程。在第一步中,将近端连接装置在向前方向/近端方向上推进。这将释放假体的近端。假体的导管可展现用于更好地视觉控制的可视化装置。在第二步中,远端连接装置可借助于导管手柄上的控制装置缩回或拉回以便释放假体远端并将整个假体从导管拆开。控制装置可被设计为用于每个连接装置的独立装置或以连接方式来设计。
因此,本公开实施方案的优点在于假体的装载且具体说来卷曲借助于导入器鞘实现且由此将卷曲过程与假体导入脉管系统中相结合,这样方便了该过程。这意味着优点在于不需要用以预先使假体卷曲的独立的覆盖件装置,其效果和额外优点是假体的组织更平顺且较不剧烈地卷曲。这意味着组织受损伤的风险较低。此外,卷曲过程变得更为方便,且假体的通常为瓣膜假体最厚部分的中间部分不需要被专用装置或手工卷曲。另一优点是转向机构独立于导管手柄。所述端口借助于导入器鞘延伸以用于心脏假体的输送是新型的且具有如上描述的优点。
又一优点在于可独立于输送胶囊对弯曲进行管理。因此,所有部件,例如端口、手柄、胶囊、可转向装置及假体,都可独立地运动且可同轴并可旋转地运动,这便于将假体放置在靶位点处。此外,假体可通过两步过程来放置并且是可重新定位的。也可在输送过程期间中止该过程。
输送系统的不同组件的组合可有助于实现某些优点且优良的输送和放置得到简单和安全的方式。
心脏瓣膜假体从输送装置上释放可以以2步放置方式进行。
本领域技术人员应理解,导管系统、输送系统、装载方法及将心脏瓣膜输送到心脏的方法可与适当的装置和方法或步骤结合,从而使心脏中的靶位点为置换心脏瓣膜假体的放置作好准备。因此,可在输送置换心脏瓣膜之前施用球囊装置或球囊系统以扩张心脏内的靶位点。此系统可借助于根据本公开实施方案的端口和/或导入器鞘被导入,由此表现出以下优点:所述端口和导入器鞘可定位于患者的股骨血管入口并且仅需要一个进入口以借助于球囊扩张来扩张靶位点。在取回球囊装置之后,置换假体可如上所述进行施用。
导入的部件和装置可由本领域中已知且由如本领域中通常应用的材料制成的导丝来导引。
为了容易穿过患者的脉管,如果导管装置的尖端是由软材料或半硬材料制成和/或可弯曲的,那么可为有利的。已知的材料可用于这种柔性尖端。
应当强调,根据本公开实施方案,导入器鞘与输送导管部件的组合不仅简化了装载和输送过程,而且还有以下优点:需要较少的心脏瓣膜假体覆盖层且由此可减小直径和卷曲直径和/或施加于假体的力以有利的方式受影响。因此,可预期与在常规装置和装载过程中相比较小的冲击,这意味着置换心脏瓣膜的较少损伤和较长寿命的优点。
鉴于根据本公开实施方案的各种导管和输送装置的特定构造特征,可以以两个步骤表示输送过程。第一步是端口、导入器鞘的放置及置换心脏瓣膜的装载,第二步是将心脏瓣膜放置于靶位点。放置本身又是两步序列步骤,其中第一步是释放置换心脏瓣膜的部分,在第二步中是在靶位点处置换心脏瓣膜的最终完全释放及最终定位。在这些步骤之间,置换心脏瓣膜的取回仍是可行的,并且提供放置过程的重新定位及完全取回和终止的可选方案。
根据一方面,本公开提供一种用于将可扩张型心脏瓣膜导入患者体内的导管系统,所述导管系统包括用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置。
在本公开的一些方面中,输送装置包括导管尖端和导管轴。输送装置的导管尖端具有底座部,该底座部用于容纳有待在其折叠或卷曲状态下导入患者体内的心脏瓣膜。导管尖端具有用于将心脏瓣膜可靠地固定到导管尖端上的附加固持装置。
导管尖端的底座部是由第一保持装置和第二保持装置构成。在本公开的一些实施方案中,第一保持装置和第二保持装置可由第一套管形构件和第二套管形构件构成。
导管尖端的第一保持装置用于将心脏瓣膜的远端部分可逆地固定到输送装置,且具体说来固定到输送装置的导管尖端上。另一方面,导管尖端的第二保持装置用于将心脏瓣膜的近端部分可逆地紧固到输送装置,且具体说来紧固到输送装置的导管尖端上。
第一和第二保持装置可相对于彼此并且还相对于导管尖端的固持装置运动。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的导管轴包括第一力传递装置和第二力传递装置。
第一力传递装置的远端部分连接或可连接到导管尖端的第一保持装置并且第一力传递装置的近端部分连接或可连接到输送装置手柄的第一操作装置。第二力传递装置的远端部分连接或可连接到导管尖端的第二保持装置并且第二力传递装置的近端部分连接或可连接到输送装置手柄的第二操作装置。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的手柄具有至少一个第一操作装置和至少一个第二操作装置,借助于这些操作装置,可适当地操纵输送装置的导管尖端从而可将紧固到导管尖端上的可扩张型心脏瓣膜逐步或以限定或可限定的事件顺序从导管尖端上释放。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,导管尖端具有第一和第二保持装置,例如以套管形构件形式,其可用输送装置的手柄进行操纵。这些保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端上。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,第一保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地紧固心脏瓣膜的第一功能组件,例如支架的保持箍或替代地支架的定位箍,而第二保持装置用于可释放地并可逆地紧固心脏瓣膜的第二功能组件,例如支架的定位箍或替代地用于容纳支架的保持箍。
关于输送装置的手柄,在一些实施方案中,优选设置为:一方面,第一操作装置与导管尖端的第一保持装置配合以使得在第一操作装置被致动时,第一保持装置的预先可限定的纵向位移可相对于固持装置实现。另一方面,第二操作装置与导管尖端的第二保持装置配合以使得第二保持装置的预先可限定的纵向位移可相对于固持装置实现。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,第一和第二保持装置仅用于将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端上。如果第一和第二保持装置被配置为第一和第二套管形构件,那么这些套管形构件具有一定长度以使得当将心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分紧固到导管尖端时在第一与第二套管形构件之间有间隙。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,输送装置的第一力传递装置是由界定第一管腔的第一导管构成,且输送装置的第二力传递装置是由界定第二管腔的第二导管构成。第二导管具有比第一导管的横截面小的横截面。第一导管与第二导管同心并同轴地设置且第二导管被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内。
然而,与导管尖端的第一和第二套管形构件相反,导管尖端的固持装置相对于输送装置的手柄不能运动。更确切地说,固持装置通过使用固持管连接到输送装置的手柄,所述固持管具有连接到固持装置的远端以及与输送装置手柄的主体连接的近端。固持管具有比第一导管的横截面小的横截面。具体说来,第一导管一方面与第二导管且另一方面与固持管同心并同轴地设置。
在一些实施方案中,固持管具有比第一导管横截面小且比第二导管横截面大的横截面以便固持管被接纳在由第一导管界定的第一管腔内且第二导管被接纳在由固持管界定的通路内。由固持管界定的通路具有足以容纳第二导管的直径以便第二导管可相对于固持管运动。
由第二导管界定的第二管腔具有足以容纳导丝的直径。第二导管是由刚性材料制成,包括例如镍钛诺、不锈钢或刚塑性材料。第二导管的远端部分的材料与近端部分的材料相比可具有增加的柔性以便允许导管轴的远端部分在导管尖端插入期间通过主动脉弓。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,第二导管的远端部分终止于具有防止损伤形状的软导管末尖端。软导管末尖端配备有与由第二导管界定的第二管腔对准的通道以使得容纳在第二导管的第二管腔内的导丝可穿过软导管末尖端的通道。导管尖端的第二套管形构件连接到软导管末尖端以使得第二套管形构件的开口端朝向与软导管末尖端和第二导管方向相反的近端方向。
在一些实施方案中,固持管是由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料、不锈钢或镍钛诺制成。固持管的远端终止于固持装置,所述固持装置也是由刚性材料,例如刚塑性材料或不锈钢制成。由固持管界定的通路与穿过固持装置的通道对准。以此方式,将第二导管容纳在固持管的通路和固持装置的通道中以便可相对于固持管和固持装置运动。
提供固持管用于将固持装置连接到输送装置的手柄。出于此目的,固持管具有连接到固持装置的远端以及与输送装置的手柄主体连接的近端。
在一些实施方案中,第一导管优选地由可弯曲但轴向刚性的材料制成。举例来说,第一导管可至少部分地由编织或非编织的导管制成。因此,第一导管可具有刚性编织物强化的主体,类似于美国专利号4,665,604中所述的导管主体,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。
第一导管应适配于将压缩力和拉伸力从输送装置的手柄的第一操作装置传递到导管尖端的第一保持装置,而不会过度改变其总长度。第一导管的远端终止于扩口部分处作为向界定导管尖端的第一保持装置的部分的过渡。
扩口部分和第一保持装置可整体成型并且可连接到第一导管的远端部分。
或者,第一导管的第一保持装置和扩口部分可在加宽过程之前全部具有相同的材料并且来源于相同的原始管以使得扩口部分和第一保持装置为相同的元件。
根据本公开的另一方面,导管系统进一步包括转向装置。所述转向装置当推进导管尖端穿过患者的脉管系统时用于导引输送装置且具体说来导引输送装置的导管尖端。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,转向装置包括具有近端部分和远端部分的可转向导管。可转向导管的近端部分连接或可连接到转向装置的手柄。
转向装置的手柄配备有操作装置,例如以可旋转的旋钮或轮子形式,藉助于所述操作装置可控制可转向导管的弯曲连接区。
根据本文所公开的其他实施方案,可转向导管的远端部分的材料与近端部分的材料相比可具有增加的柔性。以此方式,可转向导管的远端部分可在可转向导管插入期间轻易通过例如主动脉弓。
在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,转向装置的手柄配备有操作装置,可藉助于该操作装置控制可转向导管的弯曲连接区,其中操作装置优选地具有止动装置以便允许可转向导管的弯曲连接区的设定偏转得以固定。例如,可在操作装置上配备合适的卡挡机构,其与转向装置的手柄主体配合。具体说来,可转向导管的弯曲连接区可借助于控制线连接到转向装置的操作装置,借此当经由控制线致动该操作装置时,拉伸力便施加于可转向导管的弯曲连接区,由此产生弯曲连接区的预定的或可预定的偏转。
然而,当然还可选择其他实施方案作为转向装置的操作装置以用于使可转向导管或可转向导管的弯曲连接区偏转,如果可转向导管具备这种弯曲连接区。
根据本文所公开的一些实施方案,转向装置的可转向导管的近端部分终止于转向装置的端口部分或与转向装置的端口部分连接。转向装置的端口部分用于将输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴导入到可转向导管中。出于此目的,转向装置的端口部分具有管腔,该管腔界定延伸穿过端口部分的通道,通道的远端部分与可转向导管的近端部分对准。
在一些实施方案中,转向装置的端口部分优选地整合入或连接到转向装置的手柄。
输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴可导入(经由转向装置的端口部分)到可转向导管中。输送装置的导管轴且具体地输送装置的导管轴的第一导管可相对于可转向导管运动。具体说来,可转向导管终止于接近导管尖端处,其中导入器鞘的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于在第一导管的近端处配备的扩口部分的横截面。
转向装置的近端部分且具体说来转向装置的端口部分的近端部分可释放地连接到输送装置的手柄。
根据本公开的一方面,所述导管系统还包括具有导入器鞘的导入器。所述导入器鞘具有比转向装置的可转向导管的横截面大的横截面。
当将输送装置和/或转向装置且具体说来转向装置的可转向导管导入患者的脉管系统中时,导入器鞘充当导引装置。更详细而言,导入器鞘界定通路,输送装置的导管尖端和导管轴和/或转向装置的可转向导管可被导引通过该通路到达患者体内的植入侧。
导入器鞘具有远端、近端及在二者之间延伸的通路。导入器鞘具有一定长度以便当输送系统的导管轴和导管尖端已被完全导入导入器鞘中时导入器鞘的远端终止于接近输送系统的导管尖端处。
当输送装置的导管轴的至少一部分或转向装置的可转向导管的至少一部分已被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时,导入器鞘与输送装置的导管轴或转向装置的可转向导管的截面同心并同轴地设置。
然而,在任何情况下,输送装置的导管轴和/或转向装置的可转向导管可相对于导入器鞘运动。具体说来,导入器鞘终止于接近导管尖端处,其中导入器鞘的近端部分的横截面应基本上等于或稍大于可转向导管的横截面。
导入器鞘的近端部分连接到导入器端口。导入器端口用于提供将输送装置或转向装置的可转向导管输送到导入器鞘中所需的通向导入器的导入器鞘的入口。
导入器端口可包括基部构件,其被配置成当输送装置的导管轴被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时可手动地固定到输送装置的手柄,或当转向装置的可转向导管被导入由导入器鞘界定的通路中时可手动地固定到转向装置的手柄。
根据本文所公开的一些实施方案,导入器端口配备有密封配置用于当导入器鞘被导入患者的脉管系统中时防止流体(具体说来,血液)从导入器漏出。
在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,导入器鞘的近端部分终止于导入器端口的密封配置远端的卷曲部分。导入器的卷曲部分用于在导管尖端导入到导入器鞘中期间使固定到输送装置的导管尖端上的心脏瓣膜的至少中间部分卷曲。如上已提及,根据本文所公开的实施方案,优选仅心脏瓣膜的远端和近端部分藉助于第一和第二保持装置被固定到输送装置的导管尖端上,其中无专用的保持装置分配给在心脏瓣膜的远端与近端部分之间的心脏瓣膜的中间部分。
为了在导管尖端被导入到导入器鞘中期间使心脏瓣膜的中间部分卷曲,导管尖端穿过导入器的卷曲部分,由此进一步减小被固定到导管尖端上的心脏瓣膜的中间部分的直径。在本文所公开的一些实施方案中,卷曲部分可包括圆锥形管状构件,其内径朝管状构件的远端方向减小。
导入器鞘可为薄型材料以使得压缩力和拉伸力一旦传递,便允许导入器鞘的长度变形。然而,导入器鞘材料应具有足够的刚性以便在导管尖端插入期间以机械方式避免导管轴的远侧部的柔性部分扭结。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,导入器鞘具有预成型的、优选弯曲的构型。
入口可设置在转向装置、导入器和/或输送装置的近端部分处以便在必要时注射流体。此外,止回阀可设置在导入器鞘的近端部分处以防止流体从导入器鞘中漏出。
导入器鞘可具有足以保护导管尖端所穿过的血管内壁的长度。另外,可设置单独的导入器系统(不属于导管系统)。导入器系统则可充当用于使从导管尖端到导管轴的完整导管系统穿入患者体内并直达心脏的门户。
另外,导入器鞘减少施加于穿过导入器鞘插入的第一导管上的压缩力。这提高了手术期间可转向导管和输送装置的导管轴的可操纵性。其结果是任何摩擦力都得到减小。此外,在导管尖端已行进穿过患者的血管系统之后移动所述导管尖端的操作得到了极大改进,同时降低患者的损伤风险。
导入器鞘的长度取决于输送装置的导管轴的长度且通常对于经主动脉(TA)进入将在约20cm至60cm之间且对于经股(TF)进入将在80cm至150cm之间。然而,本领域技术人员应理解,本文所提供的全部尺寸旨在仅作为实例,且不同尺寸的导入器鞘和导管可出于特定应用而被取代。
如应理解,导入器鞘将具有一定尺寸,即具有一定外径,这允许其插入患者的血管(动脉或静脉)中,用于经动脉或经由静脉移动支架插入功能不全的心脏瓣膜中。
导入器鞘能够横穿患者体内的弯曲路径而不会扭结。导入器鞘可包括内部润滑衬里、外部聚合物护套及在内层与外层之间的线圈加强件。此导入器鞘可提供有利的柔性,而不会扭结或压缩。一个或多个不透射线的带或标记可被并入导入器鞘材料内以便允许为了定位精度精确定位导入器鞘远端。本领域技术人员应理解,为了特定目的其他已知材料也可以是适合的。
导管系统特别适合于输送和植入心脏瓣膜,如例如在欧洲专利申请号07 110 318或欧洲专利申请号08 151 963中所述。在本公开的一些实施方案中,相应地,使用一种心脏瓣膜,其包括支架和附接于支架上的心脏瓣膜假体。所述支架展现出以下:
-第一保持区,心脏瓣膜假体可附接于该第一保持区;
-具有至少一个保持元件的相对的第二保持区,例如以保持孔形式或保持头形式,借此支架的至少一个保持元件可与输送装置的导管尖端的固持装置呈可释放的接合;
-至少一个保持箍,心脏瓣膜假体可紧固于该保持箍;以及
-至少一个且在一些实施方案中优选三个定位箍,其被设计成接合在呈支架植入状态的天然心脏瓣膜的袋中,由此使得支架能够在患者的主动脉中自动定位。
具体说来,本文公开了一种导管系统,借此具有心脏瓣膜假体附接于此支架的可扩张型心脏瓣膜支架可例如经由被治疗的患者的主动脉(经动脉或经股)以特别简单的方式行进到植入位点。在一些实施方案中,由于在导管系统的远端区处设置的导管尖端就其外径而言可做得足够小,在导管系统的经动脉或经股进入期间,在主动脉内可利用的整个自由横截面未完全填满,其中支架可适应于心脏瓣膜假体。
其上附接有心脏瓣膜假体的可扩张型心脏瓣膜支架可在以卷曲状态植入期间临时固定到输送装置的导管尖端上。
为经动脉或经股进入而设计的导管系统因此适用于将其上附接有心脏瓣膜假体的心脏瓣膜支架经动脉或经股插入患者体内;例如,导管系统的输送装置的导管尖端经由股总动脉(腹股沟动脉)的穿刺插入。
具体说来,利用为经动脉或经股进入而设计的导管系统,输送装置的导管轴可被设计成使得其具有防扭结性和柔性,由此可至少在导管轴的远端区处实现高达4cm、例如高达3cm的弯曲半径。
示例性实施方案将参考以下附图描述。
在以下部分中,本公开的其他替代的和/或示例性方面将得以说明:
1.一种用于将自扩张型植入物输送到患者血管内的植入位点处的改进系统,由导入器鞘和输送导管组成,
所述导入器鞘从患者的体外延伸到植入位点附近,
所述输送导管在所述输送导管的远端处具有第一和第二保持装置以便将所述植入物可逆地紧固到所述输送导管,
所述第一保持装置将自扩张型植入物的远端可逆地紧固于所述输送导管且所述第二保持装置将自扩张型植入物的近端可逆地紧固于所述输送导管,
其中所述输送导管穿过所述导入器鞘以便将自扩张型植入物输送到植入位点,且当所述自扩张型植入物穿过所述导入器鞘时将所述自扩张型植入物的中心部分从第一直径压缩至小于第一直径的第二直径。
2.如方面1所述的系统,其中所述植入物为支架、支架移植物及心脏瓣膜假体中的至少一种。
3.如方面1所述的系统,其中所述植入物在远端和近端处具有阳连接器元件以便与所述输送导管上的阴连接器元件接合。
4.如方面3所述的系统,其中所述阳连接器元件为孔眼且所述阴元件为在所述输送导管中的凹口。
5.如方面1所述的系统,其中所述导入器鞘在近端处具有止血阀。
6.如方面1所述的系统,其中所述保持装置是由轴向可运动的鞘组成,所述轴向可运动的鞘至少部分地限制所述植入物的径向扩张。
7.一种用于将自扩张型植入物输送到血管内的植入位点的方法,以组合形式包括:
将导入器鞘从体外通过身体中的开口插入到血管中;
将所述导入器鞘的远端置于植入位点附近;
将自扩张型植入物的远端和近端可逆地紧固到输送导管的远端;
将所述输送导管与紧固于所述输送导管上的自扩张型植入物插入所述导入器鞘中,其中当插入所述导入器鞘中时所述自扩张型植入物的中心部分被从第一直径压缩至第二直径;
使所述输送导管行进穿过所述导入器鞘直到所述自扩张型植入物离开所述导入器鞘的远端;以及
将所述自扩张型植入物的远端和近端在植入位点处从所述输送导管上释放。
8.一种用于将植入物输送到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,由导入器鞘、输送导管及偏置构件组成,其中
所述导入器鞘从患者的体外延伸到植入位点附近;
所述输送导管具有将植入物可逆地保持在所述输送导管的远端处的保持装置;
所述偏置构件具有使输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置;
其中所述输送导管穿过所述导入器鞘以将植入物输送到植入位点;以及
所述偏置构件可在所述导入器鞘内相对于所述导入器鞘和输送导管轴向并旋转地运动。
9.如方面8所述的系统,其中所述植入物为自扩张型或球囊可扩张型心脏瓣膜假体。
10.如方面9所述的系统,其中所述植入位点是天然的主动脉瓣或二尖瓣。
11.如本文各方面中的任一方面所述的系统,其中所述导入器鞘具有预成型的弯曲构型。
12.一种用于将植入物移动到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,由导入器鞘、输送导管及偏置构件组成,所述系统以组合形式包括:
所述输送导管具有将植入物可逆地保持在所述输送导管的远端处的保持装置;
所述偏置构件具有使输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置;
将所述输送导管插入所述导入器鞘中并且可轴向并可旋转地在所述导入器鞘内运动;以及
将所述偏置构件插入所述导入器鞘中并且可轴向并可旋转地在所述导入器鞘内运动并且可相对于所述输送导管轴向并可旋转地运动。
13.一种将植入物朝向血管内的靶位点定位的方法,包括以下步骤:
将导入器鞘从体外通过身体中的开口插入到血管中;
将所述导入器鞘的远端置于植入位点附近;
将所述植入物可逆地紧固于输送导管的远端;
将具有使所述输送系统的轴从松驰构型主动地偏转为弯曲构型的装置的偏置构件置于所述输送系统的轴上;
将所述输送导管与植入物和偏置构件一起插入所述导入器鞘中;
使所述输送导管行进穿过所述导入器鞘直到所述植入物离开所述导入器鞘的远端;
调节所述偏置构件在所述导入器鞘内的轴向和旋转位置;
触发所述偏置构件以使所述输送系统的轴偏转为所需弯曲构型;
调节所述输送系统的轴向位置以便将植入物置于靶位点处;以及
将所述植入物从所述输送系统上释放。
14.一种将自扩张型心脏瓣膜装载到输送导管上的方法,所述输送导管具有内轴、可附接的远端尖端及至少一个外鞘,所述方法包括:
径向压缩所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜并且将所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜置于管状保持器中,所述保持器防止自扩张型瓣膜径向扩张;
使所述输送系统的内轴穿过所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜的中心开口;
将所述远端尖端附接于所述输送系统的所述内轴上;
使所述外鞘行进到所压缩的心脏瓣膜上以防止至少部分所述心脏瓣膜的径向扩张;以及将所述管状保持器从所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜上移除。
15.一种导管系统,以组合形式包括:i.转向装置;和ii.用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置,所述心脏瓣膜任选为球囊可扩张型或自扩张型,其中所述转向装置和所述输送装置可同轴并旋转地独立运动。
16.根据方面15所述的导管系统,其中所述系统与用于血管内、任选地经股施用的导入器相容。
17.根据方面16所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器包括导入器鞘,所述导入器鞘延伸或可延伸穿过血管且任选地接近心脏的靶位点。
18.根据方面15或16所述的导管系统,在所述导管系统的远端处具有第一和第二保持装置以便将所述心脏瓣膜可逆地紧固到所述输送装置。
19.根据方面18所述的导管系统,其中所述第一保持装置将心脏瓣膜的远端可逆地紧固于输送装置且所述第二保持装置将心脏瓣膜的近端可逆地紧固于输送装置。
20.根据前述方面中的任一方面所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜可压缩至所述导入器鞘的内径。
21.根据方面20所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘的内径小于24French、优选小于20French、更优选小于18French且甚至更优选小于16French。
22.根据前述方面中的任一方面所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘具有预成型的弯曲构型。
23.导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜在远端和近端处具有阳连接器元件以便与所述输送装置上的阴连接器元件接合。
24.导管系统,其中所述输送装置和转向装置是由一个或两个装置、任选地一个或两个手柄以与预成型的导入器鞘呈可操作的关系来操作。
25.根据方面15所述的导管系统,其中所述转向装置具有使所述输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置。
26.一种用于心脏瓣膜的输送系统,包括i.转向装置;ii.用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置以及iii.导入器鞘,其中所述转向装置、所述输送装置及所述导入器鞘可同轴并且周向地独立运动。
27.根据方面28所述的输送系统,其中所述导入器鞘延伸或可延伸穿过血管且任选地接近心脏。
28.一种用于将心脏瓣膜输送到患者心脏的方法,包括以下步骤:i.在第一步中将包括导入器鞘的导入器置于患者的脉管系统中;ii.在第二步中将其上固定有自扩张型心脏瓣膜的导管系统通过导入器导入患者脉管系统中;iii.在第三步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜定位在患者心脏中接近靶位点处,任选地将心脏瓣膜定位在基本上靶区域的中心处;iv.在第四步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜定位在靶位点处;v.在第五步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜从导管系统上部分地释放;vi.在第六步中将自扩张型心脏瓣膜从导管系统上完全释放。
29.根据方面31所述的方法,其中当所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜通过导入器鞘时,所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜从第一直径压缩至小于第一直径的第二直径。
30.一种将自扩张型心脏瓣膜装载到导管系统的输送装置上的方法,所述导管系统具有内轴、可附接的远端尖端及至少一个外鞘,所述方法是由以下组成:
径向压缩所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜并且将所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜置于管状保持器中,所述保持器防止自扩张型瓣膜径向扩张;
使所述输送系统的内轴穿过所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜的中心开口;
将所述远端尖端附接于所述输送系统的所述内轴上;
使所述外鞘行进到所压缩的心脏瓣膜上以防止至少部分所述心脏瓣膜的径向扩张;以及
将所述管状保持器从所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜上移除。
31.一种用于将自扩张型植入物输送到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,由导入器鞘和输送导管组成,进一步包括:
所述导入器鞘从患者的体外延伸到植入位点附近;
所述输送导管在输送导管的远端处具有第一和第二保持装置以便将所述植入物可逆地紧固到所述输送导管;
所述第一保持装置将所述自扩张型植入物的远端可逆地紧固于所述输送导管且所述第二保持装置将所述自扩张型植入物的近端可逆地紧固于所述输送导管;
其中所述输送导管穿过所述导入器鞘以便将自扩张型植入物输送到植入位点;且
当所述自扩张型植入物穿过所述导入器鞘时将所述自扩张型植入物的中心部分从第一直径压缩至小于第一直径的第二直径。
32.如方面35所述的系统,其中所述植入物为支架、支架移植物、或心脏瓣膜假体。
33.如方面35所述的系统,其中所述植入物在远端和近端处具有阳连接器元件以便与所述输送导管上的阴连接器元件接合。
34.如方面37所述的系统,其中所述阳连接器元件为孔眼且所述阴元件为在所述输送导管中的凹口。
35.如方面35所述的系统,其中所述导入器鞘在近端处具有止血阀。
36.如方面35所述的系统,其中所述保持装置由轴向可运动的鞘组成,所述轴向可运动的鞘至少部分地限制所述植入物的径向扩张。
37一种将自扩张型植入物输送到血管内的植入位点处的方法,由以下组成:
将导入器鞘从体外通过身体中的开口插入到血管中;
将所述导入器鞘的远端置于植入位点附近;
将自扩张型植入物的远端和近端可逆地紧固到输送导管的远端;
将所述输送导管与紧固于所述输送导管上的自扩张型植入物插入所述导入器鞘中,其中当插入所述导入器鞘中时所述自扩张型植入物的中心部分从第一直径被压缩至第二直径;
使所述输送导管行进穿过所述导入器鞘直到所述自扩张型植入物离开所述导入器鞘的远端;以及
将所述自扩张型植入物的远端和近端在植入位点处从所述输送导管上释放。
38.一种用于将植入物输送到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,由导入器鞘、输送导管及偏置构件组成,其中:
所述导入器鞘从患者的体外延伸到植入位点附近;
输送导管具有将植入物可逆地保持在所述输送导管的远端处的保持装置;
所述偏置构件具有使输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置;
其中所述输送导管穿过所述导入器鞘以将植入物输送到植入位点;以及
所述偏置构件可在所述导入器鞘内相对于所述导入器鞘和输送导管轴向并旋转地运动。
39.如方面38所述的系统,其中所述植入物为自扩张型或球囊可扩张型心脏瓣膜假体。
40.如方面38所述的系统,其中所述植入位点是天然的主动脉瓣或二尖瓣。
41.如方面39所述的系统,其中所述导入器鞘具有预成型的弯曲构型。
42.一种用于将植入物移动到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,由导入器鞘、输送导管及偏置构件组成,其中:
输送导管具有将植入物可逆地保持在所述输送导管的远端处的保持装置;
所述偏置构件具有使输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置;
将所述输送导管插入所述导入器鞘中并且可轴向并可旋转地在所述导入器鞘内运动;以及
将所述偏置构件插入所述导入器鞘中并且可轴向并可旋转地在所述导入器鞘内运动并且可相对于所述输送导管轴向并可旋转地运动。
一种将植入物朝向血管内的靶位点定位的方法,所述方法是由将导入器鞘从体外穿过身体中的开口插入血管中组成,其中所述定位是通过以下实现:
将所述导入器鞘的远端置于植入位点附近;
将所述植入物可逆地紧固于输送导管的远端;
将具有使所述输送系统的轴从松驰构型主动地偏转为弯曲构型的装置的偏置构件置于所述输送系统的轴上;
将所述输送导管与植入物和偏置构件一起插入所述导入器鞘中;以及
使所述输送导管行进穿过所述导入器鞘直到所述植入物离开所述导入器鞘的远端。
43.一种将自扩张型心脏瓣膜装载到输送导管上的方法,所述输送导管具有内轴、可附接的远端尖端及至少一个外鞘,所述方法是由以下组成:
径向压缩所述自扩张型心脏瓣膜并且将所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜置于管状保持器中,所述保持器防止自扩张型瓣膜径向扩张;
使所述输送系统的内轴穿过所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜的中心开口;
将所述远端尖端附接于所述输送系统的所述内轴上;
使所述外鞘行进到所压缩的心脏瓣膜上以防止至少部分所述心脏瓣膜的径向扩张;
将所述管状保持器从所压缩的自扩张型心脏瓣膜上移除;
调节所述偏置构件在所述导入器鞘内的轴向和旋转位置;
触发所述偏置构件以使所述输送系统的轴偏转为所需弯曲构型;
调节所述输送系统的轴向位置以便将植入物置于靶位点处;以及
将所述植入物从所述输送系统上释放。
44.新型的增强的经导管心脏瓣膜输送系统,以组合形式包括:
至少一个专用的假体;
假体输送系统;以及
至少一个瓣膜装载器。
45.如方面44或前述任一方面所述的系统,进一步包括具有处理器的计算机接口。
46.如方面45或前述任一方面所述的系统,其中所述处理器与成像和/或感测模块连接。
47如方面46或前述任一方面所述的系统,其中经心尖和/或经股输送系统定位是由所述处理器、成像或传感器确认并且将显示所述定位的数据流捕获、储存和/或无线发送。
如以上部分中所述的实施方案可与如权利要求书中所述和/或如上文所述的实施方案和每个特征组合。
具体说来,如上所述的所有方面1至47及其中所含的特征可与本公开组合且特别是与构成本申请公开内容的一部分的所附权利要求书中所含的每个特征组合。
以下详述将描述并说明以上列出的替代和/或示例性实施方案且其中以下术语和定义被应用于所述方面1至47:本公开包括一种改进的生物假体瓣膜,其适用于患有高级症状性主动脉瓣狭窄的患者和患有显著主动脉瓣反流的患者、需要主动脉瓣置换的人、心脏直视手术与增加的手术死亡率有关的人或在其他方面考虑不宜手术的患者(例如,瓷化主动脉、胸部变形)。输送系统的实例在下文中描述为专有公开和明示地可专利性主题以供考虑。
系统是由三个主要组件组成:瓣膜假体、输送系统及单独的瓣膜装载器。每个组件均单独包装。
瓣膜假体可由猪心包组织构成,使用聚酯缝合线将其附接于自扩张型镍钛诺支架骨架上。骨架具有冠状设计,其可折叠以配合在经心尖或经股导管输送装置内部。瓣膜假体可有三种瓣膜尺寸(23mm、25mm和27mm),适应至少约21至27mm范围内的天然瓣膜环直径,如表2中所示。瓣膜包装在有戊二醛的聚丙烯瓶中以保持无菌性。所述瓣膜在瓶中借助于聚甲醛环保持放置的空间构型。
瓣膜假体可由用于小叶(或尖瓣)和裙边的猪心包组织构成。戊二醛固定过程用于使猪心包组织的胶原结构交联和稳定。瓣膜小叶是通过将三块组织片结合在一起并使用聚酯缝合线将它们附接于金属支架骨架而形成。将假体使用基于溶液的灭菌过程来灭菌,然后置于戊二醛储存溶液中直到准备好植入。以下部分提供关于假体的每个结构元件的细节并且提供空间概要以说明本公开的系统是如何被改进并在技术上不同于任何已知现有技术。图9示出了此装置。
支架骨架:支架骨架是以三种不同直径生产以适应瓣膜的最终预期的环直径。镍钛诺骨架具有比瓣膜的最终尺寸更大的直径以确保在天然瓣膜环上的恒定向外力,从而避免任何瓣膜移动。另外,支架骨架的高度也随着瓣膜尺寸的增加而增加。假体的向外力与由探头的夹子机构提供的独特固定特征联合降低了在目前出售的TAVR产品上认定的瓣膜移动的已知风险。
根据本公开,在实施方案中,镍钛诺结构是从单个管(OD 7mm和ID 6mm)激光切割而成。镍钛诺在骨架的“菱形”部分中以菱形图案蚀刻。支架骨架是由三组栏杆组成,所述栏杆提供对心包组织的小叶侧的附接。其还由称为洋葱区的在栏杆下的镍钛诺结构组成,以用于心包裙边组织附接。支架骨架另外由称为探头的镍钛诺支撑结构组成,由此使得瓣膜能够直接附接于天然瓣膜小叶以便植入。支架骨架可在支架的至少一个末端上含有孔眼,其与输送系统接合以便将卷曲的瓣膜紧固于输送系统上。
心包组织:心包组织是从供应用于多种医学植入物的猪组织的供应商获得。如上所述,心包组织用于假体瓣膜小叶、用于提供天然瓣膜上的密封的瓣膜裙边并且用于探头覆盖件以保护天然组织免受潜在损伤。用标准手术聚酯缝合线材料将组织附接于镍钛诺支架骨架。6-0缝合线被用于将心包材料缝合到接合片和镍钛诺的菱形上。5-0缝合线被用于将心包材料缝合到栏杆和镍钛诺骨架上。
织物片:接合柱和探头各自具有PET织物片(纱布),使用标准手术聚酯6-0缝合材料缝合在适当位置。在接合处的织物片处于适当位置以在瓣膜装配期间提供结构支撑并且在覆盖心包组织的探头上的织物片处于适当位置以保护天然组织免于受到镍钛诺金属可造成的潜在损伤。
瓣膜植入概念
在瓣膜假体的出流部分处,自扩张型镍钛诺支架骨架包括三个孔眼,其被设计成与在输送系统的冠部处的相应凹口对准。这些配合结构确保假体在植入期间放置的整个过程中稳固地附接于输送系统。附加的孔眼可置于瓣膜的入流部分上。
根据本公开,假体还含有三个定位“探头”,它们在假体输送期间分散开。将探头置于后面的凹陷区域中并且在天然小叶的基部处以提供植入物相对于天然小叶以固定深度的正确定位。为了手术期间增强的荧光可视化,探头含有由钽制成的不透射线的标记物。探头受到心包组织的小贴片的保护并经织物缝合至末端。在假体基部处的镍钛诺支架支杆以及探头提供将假体紧固于天然瓣膜小叶的紧固机构。瓣膜的入流是由成环的24个菱形支杆构成,其提供径向强度和密封以便将瓣膜在适当的位置处锚定于天然环并且使植入之后的瓣周漏最小化。
栏杆提供对瓣膜小叶附接的边缘并且分隔心包组织的小叶与裙边区。栏杆是以扇形边形状形成以模拟天然主动脉瓣的天然形状并且被设计以允许接合偏转,这将大部分负载从组织传递到支架以延长假体的耐用性。裙边将假体密封到天然环上。
本公开预期使用一种经股(TF)输送系统,借此可使用专门设计的导管系统将假体瓣膜经由经股输送插入。方法是使用全身或局部麻醉将主动脉瓣假体经由经股通路植入。TF输送系统包括两个导管:导入器鞘组装件及主要放置输送系统。
根据本公开的某些实施方案,将对股-髂血管进行穿刺并且将导入器鞘组装件(预成型鞘和导入器)插入到股动脉中并且将预成型鞘的尖端定位在升主动脉中在天然瓣膜之上方约2cm至4cm处。一旦就位,便移除扩张器并且将预成型鞘留置在适当的位置处。
预成型鞘具有大体直线段以顺应从股动脉到胸降主动脉的通路;和弯曲段以遵循主动脉弓到主动脉瓣的通路。导入器鞘的总长度可为100cm至150cm。弯曲段的长度可为15cm至30cm。弯曲段的曲率半径可为3cm至15cm,例如5cm至8cm。从直线段至鞘尖端的弯角可为90度至270度,如150度至210度。
预成型鞘可由柔性聚合物材料例如PEBAX或Nylon制成。鞘的壁可用金属编织物或金属线圈强化。鞘的内壁可衬有PTFE以减小摩擦力。预成型鞘可具有亲水性涂层。
将具有防止损伤尖端的扩张器插入预成型鞘中以便插入到股动脉中并行进至主动脉瓣。扩张器具有导丝内腔以容纳导丝。扩张器可为预成型的。扩张器可为直的。在一些实施方案中,可优选的是,扩张器为直的并且当插入预成型鞘中时,基本上拉直预成型鞘的弯曲段以便插入到股动脉中并穿过髂动脉和腹主动脉及降主动脉。
将瓣膜假体置于主要输送系统中。瓣膜假体的入流段受第一鞘限制。瓣膜假体的出流段受第二鞘限制。瓣膜假体的包括探头的中间部分不受限制。第一和第二鞘在输送系统的手柄处分别连接到第一和第二致动器。第一致动器向远端移动(朝向输送系统的尖端)使第一鞘向远端移动并释放瓣膜假体的入流段。第二致动器向近端移动(远离输送系统的尖端)使第二鞘向近端移动并将瓣膜假体的出流段从输送系统释放。
可转向导管被安装在输送系统的轴上。可转向导管具有手柄,该手柄具有使可转向导管的远端段偏转的机构。所述机构允许可转向导管由直线构型偏转至少90度,例如由直线构型偏转至少180度。可转向导管的偏转将造成输送系统的轴的相应偏转。将可转向导管同轴地置于输送系统的轴上并且可相对于输送系统的轴轴向并可旋转地运动。通过旋转可转向导管并使其轴向运动,可选择输送系统的轴偏转的位置和方向。
具有安装在输送系统的轴上的可转向导管的输送系统被插入预成型鞘中。随着部分卷曲的瓣膜假体穿过预成型鞘,瓣膜假体的不受限制的中间部分被压缩。瓣膜假体的中间部分可通过漏斗形入口被压缩到预成型鞘中。或者,临时的转移鞘可置于瓣膜假体的中间部分上,由此压缩瓣膜假体的中间部分以便插入到预成型鞘中。压缩的瓣膜假体通过将输送系统的轴推入预成型鞘中而行进穿过预成型鞘。
将预成型鞘的远端尖端置于天然主动脉瓣远端的升主动脉中。当瓣膜假体离开预成型鞘的远端时,瓣膜假体的包括探头的中间部分扩张。使用预成型鞘来压缩瓣膜假体的部分以便输送至天然主动脉瓣,消除了对单独机构的需要以将瓣膜假体的中间部分拔出,由此释放探头。
为了将探头置于天然尖瓣中,使瓣膜假体位于主动脉根中的中心是有利的。这可通过偏转和旋转可转向导管来实现。偏转点可通过使可转向导管沿着输送系统的轴轴向运动来改变。因此,输送系统的远端段可通过可转向导管成型为遵循个别患者的主动脉的通路。在一些患者中,升主动脉短至3-5cm。在一些患者中,升主动脉长达15-20cm。在一些患者中,主动脉弓弯曲小于180度。在一些患者中,主动脉弓弯曲大于270度。输送系统的偏转度可通过可转向导管的偏转度来控制。输送系统的偏转区的位置可通过可转向导管在输送系统轴上的轴向位置来控制。输送系统的偏转方向可通过可转向导管在输送系统轴上的旋转定位来控制。
预成型鞘的优点在于其在不使用可转向导管的情况下使输送系统的远端在主动脉瓣的大致方向上偏转。这减小了可转向导管必须施加于输送系统轴上以使输送系统的尖端偏转到最终位置的弯曲力。预成型鞘相对于输送系统的轴向运动也可用于调节输送系统轴的偏转。在操纵输送系统和可转向导管期间,预成型鞘保护主动脉壁。
一旦通过使用可转向导管使输送系统的远端处于主动脉根的中心处,便通过将探头与天然主动脉瓣的尖瓣可旋转地对准并使瓣膜假体行进至主动脉环中来实现探头在天然尖瓣中的定位。瓣膜假体的旋转和轴向运动是通过输送系统在可转向导管内的轴向和旋转运动来控制。
一旦探头定位于天然尖瓣中,瓣膜假体便通过将瓣膜假体的入流段和出流段依次拔出来释放。瓣膜假体的入流段的释放将瓣膜假体锚定在主动脉环中并且在瓣膜假体的探头与支架骨架之间捕捉天然小叶。瓣膜假体的出流段的释放将瓣膜假体与输送系统断开。
或者,瓣膜假体的出流段可在瓣膜假体的入流段之前被释放。在一些情况下,可优选的是瓣膜假体的入流段与瓣膜假体的出流段同时释放。
在本公开的至少一个方面中,瓣膜假体可由制造商预安装到输送系统上。含有小叶的瓣膜假体的中间部分不受限制。位于瓣膜假体的中间部分中的心包小叶不被压缩,由此避免了运输和储存期间对小叶的长期压缩损伤。包括瓣膜假体的远端段可从输送系统的轴上拆下。拆下的具有瓣膜假体的远端段可与输送系统的其余部分分开储存。输送系统的具有所安装的部分卷曲的瓣膜假体的远端段可保存在液体中以避免小叶组织的脱水。使用之前,输送系统的远端段被连接到输送系统的轴上。用于将输送系统的远端附接于输送系统轴上的连接机构可呈阳-阴螺纹、磁铁、卷曲或粘合形式。
在本公开的另一方面中,瓣膜假体可在支架骨架的至少一个末端上具有孔眼以便将瓣膜假体与输送系统接合。孔眼可位于输送系统主体的凹口中。鞘将孔眼保持在凹口中。通过将孔眼紧固于输送系统中,阻止了自扩张型支架骨架从输送系统的“滑移(melon-seeding)”或过早放置。只要孔眼被鞘覆盖,便不会放置瓣膜假体。这种配置的优点在于瓣膜假体的中间部分的一大段可不受限制以允许探头的完全释放并使组织小叶的压缩最小化。此外,覆盖瓣膜假体的入流段和出流段的鞘仅需要限制行程以释放孔眼以便将瓣膜假体与输送系统断开。
在本公开的另一方面中,瓣膜假体的不受限制的中间部分的长度为瓣膜假体总长度的至少50%。在本公开的另一方面中,瓣膜假体的由远端鞘限制的入流段的长度小于瓣膜假体长度的20%。在本公开的另一方面中,瓣膜假体的由近端鞘限制的出流段的长度小于瓣膜假体长度的20%。
根据本公开的输送系统的一个实施方案在图7中示出。图7中使用的附图标记如下:
主要输送系统远端组装件:
Figure GDA0002376918970000351
根据本公开的输送系统的手柄组装件的实施方案在图8中示出。图8中使用的附图标记如下:
主要输送系统远端组装件:
Figure GDA0002376918970000361
假体的最终卷曲受到两个装载管的辅助,这允许通过远端运动将假体与外轴紧固在一起。其为EO灭菌的并且仅为单次使用。应当注意,TF瓣膜装载器将利用与针对TA瓣膜装载器所概述的相同的操作原理。
本公开进一步涉及一种便于导管的远端从导入器鞘或导引导管上移除的装置。用于支架或经导管心脏瓣膜的输送导管例如可具有含有植入物的分割胶囊。在植入物从导管释放之后,分割胶囊的开口端可难以在血管内回缩到导入器鞘或导引导管的开口中。
本公开的此方面提供一种锥形插入装置以将胶囊引导回导入器鞘或导引导管的内径中,从而便于从体内移除。所述装置可为静态或自扩张的。所述装置还可包括阶梯以支撑植入物。
在一个实施方案中,所述装置包括锥形圆筒,当胶囊被致动时该锥形圆筒自动暴露,由此以锥形尖端关闭胶囊。关于此点,参看图13a、b。更详言之,图13a示出了锥形装置的一个实施方案,且图13b示出了具有胶囊的锥形装置。
在一个实施方案中(参看图14a、b),所述装置是自折叠的,允许装置当暴露时扩张至比胶囊更大的外径。在自折叠装置的远端上还存在一个平直部分,其被设计成使胶囊与该装置保持同心。所述装置可为单件的,由热塑性聚合物制成或由装配在一起的多件制成。更详言之,图14a示出了自折叠装置的一个实施方案,且图14b示出了具有胶囊的自折叠装置。
在另一实施方案中(参看图15),所述装置被并入胶囊中并且在植入物从胶囊中释放之后折叠。所述装置可由热塑性聚合物单件制成并且可含有狭缝或活动铰链。该装置的折叠也可由用户以机械方式致动。更详细而言,图15示出了折叠胶囊的一个实施方案。
在另一实施方案中(参看图16a、b),装置是自扩张型。装置是由热塑性聚合物制造,其具有活动铰链,活动铰链允许装置压缩至当未使用时将配合在胶囊内的较小直径。当胶囊打开时,装置扩张回到其原始直径,比胶囊直径更大。自扩张型装置是锥形的以便进入到导入器鞘或导引导管中。图16a、b示出了具有支撑植入物的内径的阶梯的装置。更详言之,图16a示出了自折叠装置的一个实施方案,且图16b示出了具有胶囊的自折叠装置。
在另一实施方案中(参看图17),自扩张型装置包括在胶囊下方的指状物以使胶囊与该装置保持同心。更详细地,图17示出了具有定心构件的自折叠装置的一个实施方案。
在另一实施方案中(参看图18a、b),自扩张型装置包括自扩张型楔形物远端的稳定器元件。稳定器保持胶囊与该装置的同心性。稳定器的轮廓可变化。更详细地,图18a示出了具有稳定器的自扩张型装置的一个实施方案,且图18b示出了具有稳定器和胶囊的自扩张型装置。
在另一实施方案中(参看图19a、b),稳定器可缩回地附接于胶囊内侧。弹簧可用于致动稳定器。稳定器再次往上推自扩张型装置以使胶囊保持与该装置同心。稳定器的轮廓可变化。更详细地,图19a示出了具有稳定器的自扩张型装置的一个实施方案,且图19b示出了具有稳定器和胶囊的自扩张型装置。
在另一实施方案中(参看图20),稳定器和弹簧可在无自扩张型装置的情况下工作。稳定器可具有锥形或圆锥形状以便于进入到导入器鞘或导引导管中。更详细地,图20示出了胶囊中的自致动装置的一个实施方案。
除非另外指出,在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的表达成分的量、性质例如分子量、反应条件等的所有数值在所有情况下应理解为被术语“约”修饰。因此,除非相反指出,本说明书和所附权利要求书中列出的数值参数为近似值,其可根据由本公开的实施方案设法获得的所需性质而变化。至少,并非试图限制将等同原则应用到权利要求的范围,各数值参数应该至少按照所报道的有效数字的位数并通过采用常规的四舍五入技术来解释。尽管阐明本公开的宽范围的数值范围和参数是近似值,但尽可能精确地报告在具体实施例中所给出的数值。然而,任何数值固有地含有某些误差,这些误差是在它们各自试验测定中由标准偏差不可避免地产生的。
除非在本文中另作说明或与本文的内容明显矛盾,在描述本公开的实施方案的上下文中(尤其是在以下权利要求书的上下文中)所使用的术语“一”、“所述”以及类似的指代词应理解为包括单数和复数。对本文数值范围的叙述仅意图用作分别提及落入该范围的每个单独的值的简写方法。除非本文另有指明,每个单独的值被并入说明书,如同在本文中分别列举它们。本文所述的所有方法可以以任何合适的顺序进行,除非在此另有所指或与上下文明显抵触。本文所提供的任何和所有实施例、或示例性语言(例如,“例如”)的用法仅仅旨在更好地说明本公开的实施方案,而非对本公开所要求保护的范围设定限制。说明书中的文字绝不应被解释为表明实施本公开实施方案必需的任何未要求保护的要素。
本文所述的本公开的替代要素或实施方案的分组不应解释为限制。各组成员可被单独地提到或要求保护,或与本文中所述的组的其他成员或其他要素任意组合而被提及或要求保护。可预期到,由于便利和/或可专利性的原因,一组中的一个或多个成员可以被包括在一组中或从该组删除。当任何此类包括或删除发生时,说明书被视为包含经修改的组,因此满足对所附权利要求书中所用的所有马库什组的书面描述要求。
本文描述了本公开的某些实施方案,包括本发明人已知用于实施本公开的实施方案的最佳模式。当然,经过阅读上述描述,对本领域普通技术人员而言,对所述这些实施方案的变更将变得显而易见。本发明人预期熟练的技术人员能适当地采用这类变更,且本发明人意在使本公开得以以与本文具体描述不同的方式实践。因此,只要适用法律允许,本公开包括如所附权利要求中所述的主题的所有修改方案和等同方案。此外,除非在本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾,本公开包括上述要素以其所有可能变化的任何组合。
本文所公开的具体实施方案可使用由...组成或基本上由...组成的措辞进一步在权利要求书进行限制。当在权利要求书中使用时,不管是所提交的或根据修改而加入的,过渡术语“由…组成”排除未在权利要求书中指定的任何要素、步骤或成分。过渡术语“基本上由...组成”将权利要求的范围限制为指定的材料或步骤以及实质上不影响基本和新颖特征的那些材料或步骤。在本文中对所要求保护的本公开的实施方案进行固有地或明确地描述并且得以实现。
此外,在本说明书中引用了多篇专利和印刷出版物。上文提到的参考文献和印刷出版物中的每份各自都通过引用整体并入本文。
最后,应理解本文所述的本公开的实施方案说明本公开的原理。可采用的其他修改在本公开的范围内。因此,举例来说而非进行限制,可根据本文的教导采用本公开的替代构型。因此,本公开并非被限制为如明确地所示和所述的。
附图标记列表
100 输送装置
11 导管尖端
12 导管轴
13 手柄
14 固持装置
15 第一保持装置
16 第二保持装置
17 第一操作装置
18 第二操作装置
19 手柄主体
20 第一力传递装置
21 第二力传递装置
22 固持管
23 导管末端尖端
30 转向装置
31 转向导管
32 手柄
33 操作装置
34 指示器装置
35 控制线
36 端口部分
40 导入器
41 导入器鞘
42 导入器端口
43 基部构件
44 密封配置
45 卷曲部分

Claims (39)

1.一种导管系统,包括:
用于心脏瓣膜的输送装置(100),所述输送装置具有近端和远端,并且所述输送装置包括在所述远端处的尖端,所述尖端包括在近端至远端的方向上相对于彼此可移动的第一套管和第二套管,其中所述第二套管靠近所述第一套管,并且所述第一套管具有面朝近端方向的开口端,并且其中当所述第一套管在最近端位置同时所述第二套管在最远端位置处时,所述尖端的中间部分是不被覆盖的,并且其中所述尖端的所述中间部分一直未被所述第一套管和所述第二套管覆盖,以及
转向装置(30),所述转向装置(30)配置为被偏转以使所述输送装置(100)转向,
其中所述转向装置(30)和所述输送装置(100)能够同轴并旋转地独立运动;并且
其中所述输送装置(100)与所述转向装置(30)能够释放地连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述系统与用于血管内施用的导入器(40)能够相容。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中,所述系统与用于经股施用的所述导入器(40)能够相容。
4.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器(40)包括导入器鞘(41),所述导入器鞘(41)延伸或能够延伸穿过血管。
5.根据权利要求4所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)延伸到接近心脏的靶位点的位置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)展现出卷曲部分(45)。
7.根据权利要求4或6所述的导管系统,在所述导管系统的远端处具有第一保持装置和第二保持装置(15,16)以便将所述心脏瓣膜可逆地紧固于所述输送装置(100)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的导管系统,其中所述第一保持装置(15)将所述心脏瓣膜的远端可逆地紧固于所述输送装置(100)且所述第二保持装置(16)将所述心脏瓣膜的近端可逆地紧固于所述输送装置(100)。
9.根据权利要求8中所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜不被套管装置覆盖。
10.根据权利要求8中所述的导管系统,其中所紧固的心脏瓣膜的直径沿着其长度变化。
11.根据权利要求10中所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜沿着其长度可压缩至所述导入器鞘(41)的内径。
12.根据权利要求10所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)的内径小于24French。
13.根据权利要求10所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)的内径小于20French。
14.根据权利要求10所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)的内径小于18French。
15.根据权利要求10所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)的内径小于16French。
16.根据权利要求4所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)具有预成型的构型。
17.根据权利要求16所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)具有弯曲的构型。
18.根据权利要求16所述的导管系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)具有以下一种或其组合:柔性聚合物、亲水性涂层、PTFE衬里、线圈加强件、编织物加强件。
19.根据权利要求8所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜借助于固持装置(14)附接于所述输送装置(100),其中所述心脏瓣膜与所述输送装置(100)展现出互补形状。
20.根据权利要求19所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜在远端和近端处具有阳连接器元件以便与所述输送装置(100)上的阴连接器元件接合。
21.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述输送装置(100)和所述转向装置(30)的每一者包括控制对应的所述输送装置和所述转向装置的运动的手柄。
22.根据权利要求21所述的导管系统,其中所述转向装置(30)的所述手柄包括致动器,所述致动器使所述输送装置(100)的轴从松驰构型偏转成弯曲构型。
23.一种用于心脏瓣膜的输送系统,包括:
i)根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的导管系统;以及
ii)导入器鞘(41),
其中所述转向装置(30)、所述输送装置(100)及所述导入器鞘(41)能够同轴并且周向地独立运动。
24.根据权利要求23所述的输送系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)延伸或能够延伸穿过血管。
25.根据权利要求23所述的输送系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)延伸或能够延伸穿过血管且接近心脏。
26.根据权利要求23或24所述的输送系统,其中所述转向装置(30)、所述输送装置(100)和所述导入器鞘(41)至少分段地、部分地或基本上完全彼此同轴排列。
27.根据权利要求23所述的输送系统,其中所述转向装置(30)、所述输送装置(100)和所述导入器鞘(41)能够同轴并旋转地独立运动。
28.根据权利要求23所述的输送系统,其中所述输送装置(100)和所述转向装置(30)能够同时或独立地导入到所述导入器鞘(41)中。
29.根据权利要求23所述的输送系统,其中所述导入器鞘(41)展现出卷曲部分(45)以用于减小附接于所述输送装置(100)上的所述心脏瓣膜的直径。
30.一种用于将植入物输送到患者血管内的植入位点的系统,所述系统由导入器鞘(41)、输送导管及偏置构件组成,其中:
-所述导入器鞘(41)从所述患者的体外延伸到所述植入位点附近;
-所述输送导管具有尖端以及将植入物可逆地保持在所述输送导管的远端处的所述尖端上的保持装置(15,16),其中,所述尖端的中间部分一直未被所述保持装置(15,16)覆盖;
-所述偏置构件具有使所述输送导管的轴从松驰构型偏转为弯曲构型的装置;
其中所述输送导管穿过所述导入器鞘(41)以将所述植入物输送到所述植入位点;并且
其中所述偏置构件在所述导入器鞘(41)内相对于所述导入器鞘(41)和所述输送导管能够轴向并旋转地运动;
其中所述输送导管与所述偏置构件能够释放地连接。
31.根据权利要求30所述的系统,其中所述植入物为自扩张型或球囊可扩张型心脏瓣膜假体。
32.根据权利要求30或31所述的系统,其中所述植入位点是天然的主动脉瓣或二尖瓣。
33.一种导管系统,包括:
用于心脏瓣膜的输送导管,所述输送导管具有近端和远端,并且所述输送导管包括在所述远端处的尖端,所述尖端包括在近端至远端的方向上相对于彼此可移动的第一套管和第二套管,其中所述第二套管靠近所述第一套管,并且所述第一套管具有面朝近端方向的开口端,并且其中所述尖端的中间部分一直未被所述第一套管和所述第二套管覆盖;
导向导管,所述导向导管配置成被偏转以使所述输送导管转向;以及
导入器,所述导入器包括靠近鞘的卷曲部分,所述卷曲部分具有朝着远端方向减小的内径;
其中所述输送导管和所述导向导管同时导入所述导入器的所述卷曲部分中;并且
其中当所述导向导管和所述输送导管同时设置在所述鞘中时所述导向导管、所述输送导管以及所述鞘是周向地独立移动。
34.根据权利要求33所述的导管系统,其中当所述第一套管在最近端同时所述第二套管在最远端处时,所述尖端的中间部分是不被覆盖的。
35.根据权利要求34所述的导管系统,进一步包括所述心脏瓣膜,其中所述第一套管将所述心脏瓣膜的远端固定到所述输送导管并且所述第二套管将所述心脏瓣膜的近端固定到所述输送导管,并且其中所述心脏瓣膜的至少一部分设置在所述尖端的所述中间部分中。
36.根据权利要求35所述的导管系统,其中所述心脏瓣膜的所述远端或所述近端的至少一个包括第一连接器元件,并且所述输送导管包括与所述第一连接器元件互补的第二连接器元件。
37.根据权利要求36所述的导管系统,其中所述第一连接器元件包括孔眼,并且所述第二连接器元件包括凹口。
38.根据权利要求35所述的导管系统,其中当所述输送导管穿过所述卷曲部分时,所述心脏瓣膜的中心部分从第一直径压缩到小于所述第一直径的第二直径。
39.根据权利要求33所述的导管系统,其中所述鞘的近端包括止血阀。
CN201680016868.8A 2015-03-20 2016-03-17 心脏瓣膜假体输送系统和用导入器鞘输送心脏瓣膜假体的方法 Active CN107405198B (zh)

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