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CN107276526A - 电源装置链 - Google Patents

电源装置链 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107276526A
CN107276526A CN201710219134.6A CN201710219134A CN107276526A CN 107276526 A CN107276526 A CN 107276526A CN 201710219134 A CN201710219134 A CN 201710219134A CN 107276526 A CN107276526 A CN 107276526A
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power supply
power conversion
photovoltaic
power
coupled
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伊兰·约瑟考维奇
察希·格罗文斯基
奥菲尔·比伯
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SolarEdge Technologies Ltd
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SolarEdge Technologies Ltd
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Priority to CN202111149492.7A priority Critical patent/CN113992147A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H02J1/12—Parallel operation of DC generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R25/00—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J2101/24—
    • H02J2101/25—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

本文所描述的各种实施方案涉及用于在部署在光伏设施中之前连接电源装置以节省成本且简单地部署的方法。本文所揭示的一些实施例包含：制造已通过导体耦合的电源装置链；以及提供机械组合件以进行便利存储和部署。

Description

电源装置链
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案要求2016年4月5日提交的第62/318,303号美国临时专利申请案、2016年5月25日提交的第62/341,147号美国临时专利申请案和2016年9月16日提交的第 62/395,461号美国临时专利申请案的权益，这些申请案的内容以引用的方式全文并入本 文中。
背景技术
电源装置可以电耦合到光伏(PV)发电机并且被配置成设定发电机的操作点，以产生最大电力。所述电源装置还可以耦合到电力产生和/或存储单元，例如，电池、风力涡 轮机或水电涡轮机等。
电源装置通常作为单个单元制造、封装和出售，从而产生要求每个装置单独地耦合 到其电力单元并且装置本身通过将电缆连接在所述装置之间而耦合的部署。
因此，需要一种在部署电源装置时成本、时间和复杂性减少的电源装置系统。
发明内容
以下概述是仅出于说明性目的对本发明概念中的一些概念的简短概述，且并不意图 限制或约束本发明以及详细描述中的实例。本领域技术人员将从详细描述中认识到其它 新颖的组合和特征。
本文中的实施例可以采用可以部署在光伏设施中的光伏电源装置串(例如，DC/DC转换器、DC/AC逆变器、测量和监视装置)。在本文所论述的一些实施例中，导体可以 用于在制造期间将电源装置彼此耦合以形成电源装置链，其中所述链作为单个单元封装 和出售。可以通过将链中的电源装置耦合到光伏(PV)发电机(例如，一个或多个光电 池、子串、PV面板、PV面板和/或PV瓦串)来部署所述链。在制造时耦合电源装置可 以减小成本并实现装置的紧凑存储，并且简单部署可以减少安装时间。在制造时连接电 源装置可以包含将导体直接连接在相邻电源装置之间(通过将导体焊接或旋拧到电源装 置壳体内的适当位置)。此外，预连接电源装置可以将每个电源装置中特征化的连接器 (例如，MC4TM连接器)的数目从四(两个连接器用于在电源装置输入端处连接到PV发 电机，并且两个连接器用于在电源装置输出端处连接在电源装置之间)减少。由于连接 器可能是成本高的组件，因此可以实现大量节省。另外，在制造期间预连接电源装置可 以增加系统安全性。例如，如果不恰当地连接，那么电源装置之间的连接点容易发生过 热、电弧和/或可能引起火灾的其它不安全事件。通过将连接点的数目从每电源装置四个 减少到每电源装置两个，在不使用连接器的情况下在制造期间预连接电源装置可以增加 系统安全性。
说明性电源电路链的某些实施例可以缠绕在与用于存储电缆的线轴类似的存储线 轴上，并且通过展开线轴并且将电源装置耦合到光伏发电机而部署在光伏设施中，所述电源装置从线轴展开。
在说明电源电路链的一些实施例中，相邻电源装置之间的距离可以对应于光伏设施 中的光伏发电机接线盒之间的所估计距离，以使相邻电源装置能够耦合到相邻光伏发电 机。在一些实施例中，多于一个光伏发电机可以耦合到每个电源装置。例如，在一些太阳能安装中，两个PV发电机可以串联耦合并且两个发电机随后可以耦合到一个电源装 置，在此情况下，相邻电源装置之间的长度可以约为相邻发电机之间的距离的两倍。
光伏电源装置可以包含，但不限于，DC/DC转换器、DC/AC逆变器、被配置成测 量和监视光伏参数的装置、通信装置、安全装置(例如，保险丝、断路器和漏电检测器) 和/或最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)装置。电力产生单元可以包含，但不限于，光伏模块(例 如，光伏电池、光伏发电机)、电池、风力涡轮机、水电涡轮机和燃料电池。
如上所述，此概述仅仅是本文所描述的一些特征的概述，并且提供本概述以便用简 化形式介绍下文在详细描述中进一步描述的概念的选择。所述概述是非详尽性的，并非意图识别所要求主题的关键特征或基本特征，并且不是对权利要求的限制。
附图说明
根据以下描述、权利要求书和图式将更好地理解本发明的这些和其它特征、方面和 优点。本发明借助于实例说明并且不受附图限制。可以通过参考考虑附图的以下描述来获取对本发明以及其优点的更全面理解，其中类似参考标号指示类似特征，并且其中：
图1A至1E是根据某些实施例的说明性光伏系统的部分示意性部分框图。
图2A至2C描绘根据某些实施例的光伏电源装置。
图3是描绘根据某些实施例的光伏电源装置的部分示意性部分框图。
图4A至4C描绘通过导体耦合的光伏电源装置串的说明性实施例。
图5A至5C描绘光伏串的部分的说明性实施例，其中多个光伏电源装置通过导体耦合到彼此并且耦合到光伏发电机。
图6描绘通过导体耦合的存储于存储装置上的光伏电源装置串的说明性实施例。
具体实施方式
在各种说明性实施例的以下描述中，参考附图，这些附图形成实施例的一部分并且 其中借助于说明展示本发明的各个方面可被实践的各种实施例。应理解，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以利用其它实施例并且可以作出结构和功能修改。
由于电源装置通常可以大量使用(例如，每光伏发电机一个电源装置可以用于包含 多个光伏串的太阳能安装中，每个串包含十个、二十个或更多个光伏发电机)，因此通过沿着光伏串以使多个装置能够连成一列且同时部署的形式封装电源装置，可以减小成本并且部署可以更容易。此外，使用存储装置(线轴)来缠绕多电缆连接的装置可以使 存储和部署更容易且更便宜。
参考图1A，说明性光伏设施100a可以包含多个光伏(PV)模块101a-y。光伏发电 机还可以称为“光伏模块”。每个PV发电机101a-y可以耦合到光伏电源装置102a-y。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个PV电源装置102a-y可以包括功率转换电路，例如，直流电-直流电(DC/DC)转换器，例如，降压、升压、降压-升压、反激和/或正激转换 器。在一些实施例中，一个或多个PV电源装置102a-y可以包括直流电-交流电(DC/AC) 转换器，也称为逆变器或微型逆变器。在一些实施例中，一个或多个PV电源装置102a-y 可以包含具有控制器的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)和/或阻抗匹配电路，其被配置成从电 源装置耦合到的PV发电机提取调节后的(例如，增加的)电力。一个或多个PV电源 装置102a-y可以进一步包括控制装置，例如，微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)和/ 或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)。在一些实施例中，一个或多个PV电源装置102a-y可以 包括电路和/或传感器，其被配置成测量光伏发电机上或附近的参数，例如，由发电机输 出的电压和/或电流、由发电机输出的电力、由发电机接收的辐照度和/或发电机上或附 近的温度。
在图1A中所描绘的说明性实施例中，多个PV电源装置102a-m串联耦合以形成第一光伏串316a。所得的光伏串316a的一个端子可以耦合到电源总线，并且光伏串316a 的另一端子可以耦合到接地总线。在一些实施例中，可以将电源总线和接地总线输入到 系统电源装置110。系统电源装置110可以包括DC/AC转换器，并且DC/AC转换器可 以将AC电力输出到电网、家庭或其它目的地。在一些实施例中，光伏电源装置可以包 括微型逆变器，并且可以不包含额外逆变器(例如，系统电源装置110的一部分)。在 一些实施例中，电源装置可以输出模仿整流正弦波的时变DC信号，在此情况下，系统 电源装置110可以包括全桥电路，所述全桥电路被配置成将整流正弦波转换成标准的交 流正弦波。在一些实施例中，系统电源装置110可以包括用于组合从多个光伏串(例如，316a至316n)产生的电力的汇流箱。在一些实施例中，系统电源装置110可以包括用 于测量或接收与PV串316a至316n相关联的一个或多个参数(例如，电流、电压、功 率、温度等)的测量值的传感器/传感器接口。在一些实施例中，系统电源装置110可以 包含一个或多个安全开关，用于在潜在不安全条件的情况下或响应于手动触发(例如， 激活快速关机开关或按钮)使PV串316a至316n断开连接和/或短路。
由于一般可以单独地制造、封装和出售已知系统的PV电源装置，因此包含多个PV发电机的PV设施(例如，设施100a)可以需要封装大量装置，将每个装置单独地耦合 到其对应光伏发电机，以及随后使用也可以单独出售的电缆将电源装置耦合到彼此。在 本文引入的一些实施例中，提供电源装置链。电源装置链可以包含多个电源装置，每个 电源装置在制造时使用合适长度的导体耦合到至少一个其它电源装置。因此，如本文所 描述的电源装置链可以封装和出售为单个单元，并且在安装设施100a时部署为单个单 元。例如，电源装置102a-m可以包括电源装置串或电源装置串的一部分，并且可以在 制造期间耦合到彼此。在安装期间，串可以仅沿着光伏模块101a-m连成一列，并且每 个装置可以快速地且容易地耦合到其对应模块，从而形成光伏串316a。
如图1A中所示，设施100a可以包含多个光伏串316a-n，其中每个光伏串316a-n 的端子耦合到电源总线并且另一端子耦合到接地总线。
现在参考图1B，说明性系统100b可以与图1A的说明性设施100a安装多个相同特征，但是光伏串的布线在一些方面可以不同。例如，在说明性系统100b中，每个光伏 电源装置103a-m可以耦合到两个光伏发电机。例如，光伏电源装置103a可以耦合到发 电机101a和101b，电源装置103b可以耦合到发电机101b和101c(未示出)等。通过 需要更薄且更少的电缆来将电源装置耦合到发电机以及彼此，以此方式布线每个光伏串 (例如，316a)可以省钱。
在图1B中所示的说明性实施例中，类似于参考图1A中所示的设施100a所描述， 电源装置可以在制造期间预耦合到彼此，一起封装和/或出售并且简单地进行部署。为了 有效地操作系统并且为了简单且快速地将电源装置耦合到光伏发电机，意图耦合电源装 置，用于系统(例如)100a的电源装置的电气和/或机械设计可以不同于用于系统(例 如)100b的设计。本文中描述的预耦合、封装和简单部署可以应用于不同种类的光伏系 统中使用的不同种类的电源装置，而不管可以特定于某些电源装置的机械设计和电气拓 扑。
现在参考图1C，其示出光伏串316a的说明性实施例，其中每个光伏电源装置耦合到两个光伏模块。在此实施例中，PV电源装置108a-m包括降压-升压DC/DC转换器。 额外电路可以包含在电源装置108a-m中，但是未在图1C中明确描绘。根据本发明的各 种方面，额外电路和/或布线配置可以用于将电源装置耦合到光伏发电机。
参考图1D，说明性实施例可以包含光伏设施100d，其包括多个光伏发电机101a-m，每个光伏发电机耦合到电源装置122a-m。每个电源装置可以具有两个输出，一个耦合到 共用电源总线并且一个耦合共用接地总线，从而并联耦合所有电源装置。在一些实施例 中，一个或多个电源装置122a-m可以包括DC/DC转换器，其中每个转换器的正输出耦 合到电源总线并且负极端子耦合到接地总线。在一些实施例中，一个或多个电源装置 122a-m可以包括DC/AC转换器，其中AC输出同步以允许并联耦合。在包含由电源装 置输出的AC的一些实施例中，AC输出可以是耦合到电源总线和接地总线的单相，并 且在一些实施例中，三个或多于三个相可以输出到多于两个总线。系统可以进一步包含 输入到栅极耦合装置120的电源总线和接地总线。在包含由电源装置输出的DC的实施 例中，栅极耦合装置120可以包含DC/AC逆变器。在包含由电源装置输出的AC的实 施例中，栅极耦合装置120可以包含变压器。栅极耦合装置120可以与图1A的系统电 源装置110类似或相同，并且可以包括安全装置(例如，传感器、断路器、保险丝等) 和/或控制和/或监视装置。
参考图1E，多于一个光伏模块可以耦合到每个光伏电源装置。系统100e包含串联耦合到彼此的两个光伏模块(例如，光伏面板或不同类型的光伏发电机)111a、111b， 其中光伏电源装置112a并联耦合到串联耦合的模块111a、111b。类似于本文中所揭示 的其它实施例，多个电源装置112a-x可以串联耦合以形成光伏串321a，其中多个串 321a-n并联耦合在接地总线与电源总线之间。在一些实施例中，逆变器123可以从接地 总线和电源总线接收DC输入并且将AC电力输出到电网或家庭。在类似实施例中，电 源装置可以在制造时预耦合到彼此，其中导体耦合电源装置，所述电源装置的大小被设 定成允许所需数目的光伏发电机耦合到每个电源装置。例如，如果每两个PV发电机耦 合到彼此以及单个电源装置，那么在周围的电源装置之间的每个导体的长度是每个光伏 模块的宽度或长度的两倍。
参考图2A，可以通过多种方式配置光伏电源装置102。在一个说明性实施例中，光伏电源装置102可以包括容纳电路230的壳体231、输入端子210c和210d，以及输出 导体220c和220d。在其它实施例中，壳体231可以用其上安装电路230的表面替换， 所述表面扣入光伏设备的不同部分，例如接线盒。在一些实施例中，可以存在多于两个 输入端子。例如，一些实施例可以包含用于将电源装置耦合到两个光伏模块的四个输入 端子，所述电源装置处理来自两个模块的电力输入。
在一些实施例中，电路230可以包含功率转换电路，例如，直流电-直流电(DC/DC)转换器，例如，降压、升压、降压-升压、Cuk、电荷泵、反激和/或正激转换器。在一些 实施例中，电路230可以包含直流电-交流电(DC/AC)转换器，也称为逆变器或微型逆 变器。在一些实施例中，电路230可以包含具有控制器的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)电 路，其被配置成从电源装置耦合到的PV发电机提取增加的电力。电路230可以进一步 包括控制装置，例如，微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)和/或FPGA。在一些实施例 中，电路230可以包含电路和/或传感器，其被配置成测量光伏发电机上或附近的参数， 例如，由发电机输出的电压和/或电流、由发电机输出的电力、由发电机接收的辐照度和 /或发电机上或附近的温度。输入端子210c和210d可以耦合到一个或多个光伏模块的输 出，并且还可以耦合到电路230以处理和/或测量由对应光伏模块输出的电力。输出导体 220c和220d可以将光伏电源装置耦合到相邻装置，以形成串联或并联光伏串。输入和 输出端子可以物理地连接到壳体231的不同部分。输入端子210c和210d可以沿着壳体 231的一侧紧邻彼此物理地定位，其中在输入端子210c和210d的两侧上，输出导体220c 和220d占据壳体231的相对侧。在其它实施例中，输入端子和输出导体可以通过不同 方式配置，如将在本文中示出。考虑附近系统的布局和布线设计，可以选择输入端子和 输出导体的位置。还可以在设计输入端子和输出导体的位置时考虑机械考虑因素，例如， 实现整个电源装置链的最佳存储。图2A中所示的光伏电源装置102具体来说可以适合 于耦合到单个光伏发电机(在例如图1A和5A中所示的那些系统中)，因为输入端子紧 邻彼此，但是还可以通过将光伏电源装置102耦合到两个发电机的方式部署光伏电源装 置102。
现在参考图2B，可以配置输入端子和输出导体，使得输入端子210a邻近于输出导体220a，两者连接到壳体231的侧面，并且在壳体231的相对侧上，输入端子210b邻 近于输出导体220b。此说明性实施例具体来说可以适合于将光伏电源装置103a耦合到 两个光伏发电机(在例如图1B和5B中所示的系统中)，因为在电源装置的两侧上，两 个输入端子可以耦合到两个发电机，但是还可以通过将光伏电源装置103a耦合到单个 发电机的方式部署光伏电源装置103a。
现在参考图2C，可以配置输入端子和输出导体，使得输入端子210e和210f位于壳体231的相对侧上，而输出导体220e和220f位于壳体的另一对相对侧上。因此，壳体 的四个侧面包含输入端子或输出导体。在一些配置中，此说明性实施例可以实现电源装 置链的最佳封装并且使所述电源装置链能够以紧凑便利的方式存储。可以通过将每个电 源装置耦合到一个或两个光伏模块的方式部署根据此实施例的链。
现在参考图3，壳体231可以容纳电路230。在一些实施例中，电路230可以包含 功率转换器240。功率转换器240可以包含直流电-直流电(DC/DC)转换器，例如，降 压、升压、降压-升压、反激和/或正激转换器。在一些实施例中，功率转换器240可以 包含直流电-交流电(DC/AC)转换器，也称为逆变器或微型逆变器。在一些实施例中， 电路230可以包含最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)电路295，其被配置成从电源装置耦合到的 PV发电机提取增加的电力。在一些实施例中，功率转换器240可以包含MPPT功能性， 并且可以不包含MPPT电路295。电路230可以进一步包括控制装置270，例如，微处 理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)和/或FPGA。控制装置270可以通过共用总线290控制 电路230的其它元件和/或与电路230的其它单元通信。在一些实施例中，电路230可以 包含电路和/或传感器280，其被配置成测量光伏发电机上或附近的参数，例如，由发电 机输出的电压和/或电流、由发电机输出的电力、由发电机接收的辐照度和/或发电机上 或附近的温度。在一些实施例中，电路230可以包含通信装置250，其被配置成从其它 装置传输和/或接收数据和/或命令。通信装置250可以使用电力线通信(PLC)技术或 无线技术(例如，ZigBee、Wi-Fi、蜂窝通信或其它无线方法)通信。在一些实施例中， 可以通过输出导体220a和/或220b传输和/或接收PLC信号。在一些实施例中，通信链 路(例如，光纤)可以与输出导体220a和/或220b集成并且可以通信方式耦合到通信装 置250。在一些实施例中，热传感器装置(例如，热电偶装置或线性探热器)可以与输 出导体220a和220b集成，并且可以将温度测量值(例如，沿着输出导体220a和220b 在不同位置处获得的测量值)提供到控制装置270。输入端子210a和210b可以耦合到 一个或多个光伏模块的输出，并且还可以耦合到电路230以处理和/或测量由对应光伏模 块输出的电力。在一些实施例中，电路230可以包含安全装置260(例如，保险丝、断 路器和漏电检测器)。电路230的各个组件可以通过共用总线290传送和/或共享数据。
图4A描绘链410的说明性实施例。链410可以包括通过多个导体412a-d耦合的多个光伏电源装置411a-c。在一些实施例中，类似于链410的光伏电源装置链可以包括十 个、二十个或甚至一百个光伏电源装置。在一些实施例中，链410可以作为单个单元制 造和/或出售。光伏电源装置411a-c可以与本文中描述的光伏电源装置，例如，图2A的 光伏电源装置102或图2B的光伏电源装置103a类似或相同。导体412a-d可以直接耦 合(例如，连接)到光伏电源装置(例如，411a-c)中包含的DC/DC转换器或DC/AC 逆变器的输出端子。每个输出导体412a-d的长度可以适合于使每个PV电源装置耦合到 光伏串中的光伏发电机。由于不同PV发电机可以具有不同尺寸，并且由于PV发电机 在部署期间可以不同地定向，因此电源装置之间的距离(例如，每个输出导体的长度) 在不同链中可以改变。然而，多个PV发电机(例如，PV面板)具有类似尺寸，并且 PV面板一般以两种方法(垂直地，也称为“纵向”，或水平地，也称为“横向”)中的 一种定向，因此具有电源装置之间的标准距离特征的光伏电源装置链(例如，链410) 可以部署在多个光伏系统中。例如，光伏面板一般以标准大小制造，例如，用于住宅设 施的约65乘以约39英寸或用于商业设施的约77乘以约39英寸。因此，被配置成部署 有尺寸与上文列举的面板类似的面板的电源装置链可以包含约39、约65或约77英寸长 的导体。尽管图4A中表示的说明性电源装置411a-c的输入端子和输出导体412a-d类似 于图2B中所示定位，但是这并不排除在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下输入端子和输出 导体类似于图2A中所示定位的实施例或各种其它配置。
导体412a-412d可以(例如，在制造或链410期间)在制造时内部地连接到光伏电源装置411a-411c内部的电路(例如，图3的电路230)。例如，导体412b可以在第一 端处焊接或经由螺钉连接到光伏电源装置411a中的功率转换器或监视装置，并且在第 二端处焊接或经由螺钉连接到光伏电源装置411b中的功率转换器或监视装置。预连接 电源装置之间的导体可以将每个电源装置中特征化的连接器(例如，MC4TM连接器)的 数目从四(两个连接器用于在电源装置输入端处连接到PV发电机，并且两个连接器用 于在电源装置输出端处连接在电源装置之间)减少。由于连接器可以是成本高的组件， 因此可以实现大量节省。另外，在制造期间预连接电源装置可以增加系统安全性。例如， 如果不恰当地连接，那么电源装置之间的连接点容易发生过热、电弧和/或可能引起火灾 的其它不安全事件。通过将连接点的数目从每电源装置四个减少到每电源装置两个，在 不使用连接器的情况下在制造期间预连接电源装置之间的导体可以增加系统安全性。
现在参考图4B，类似于图1D中所示的系统，光伏电源装置链104可以包括输出导体，所述输出导体是并联连接的光伏设施的接地和电源总线的两倍。输入端子106可以 耦合到光伏系统的输出端。输出导体105a可以使用T形连接器耦合到电源总线，并且 输出导体105b可以使用T形连接器耦合到接地总线。在图4B中明确表示仅用于电源装 置104a的输入端子106和输出导体105a、105b，以减小视觉噪声。一个或多个电源装 置104a-c可以包括DC/DC转换器或DC/AC逆变器，其被配置成输出所有并联连接的装 置共用的DC或AC电压。在一些实施例中，一个或多个电源装置104a-c可以包括具有 控制器的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)电路，其被配置成从电源装置耦合到的PV发电机提 取最大电力。一个或多个电源装置104a-c可以进一步包括控制装置，例如，微处理器、 数字信号处理器(DSP)和/或FPGA。在一些实施例中，一个或多个电源装置104a-c可 以包括电路和/或传感器，其被配置成测量光伏发电机上或附近的参数，例如，由发电机 输出的电压和/或电流、由发电机输出的电力、由发电机接收的辐照度和/或发电机上或 附近的温度。在图4B中所示的说明性实施例中的电源装置链104可以包含两个长导体， 即接地总线116和电源总线115，其中PV电源装置耦合到两个导体，其中相邻电源装 置之间的距离使所述电源装置能够耦合到光伏设施中的相邻PV发电机。电源装置可以 在制造时耦合到导体，并且可以与导体紧凑地存储，从而实现快速且简单的部署。
现在参考图4C，光伏电源装置107的说明性实施例可以具有打开壳体或盖子232而不是闭合壳体(例如，图2A中所描绘的壳体231)的特征。盖子232可以包含电路 安装表面233，所述电路安装表面可以用于安装电路230。电路230可以包括本文参考 其它图描述的任一个和/或全部组件。例如，电路230可以包括功率转换器，例如，DC/DC 或DC/AC转换器。作为另一实例，除了或代替功率转换器，电路230可以包括监视装 置。在一些实施例中，电源装置107可以被设计成可连接到光伏面板接线盒的一部分， 从而使电路230直接耦合到位于面板的接线盒中的电子装置。在一些实施例中，PV电 源装置107可以包括旁路和/或阻塞二极管，以防止和减少包括PV面板的太阳能电池阵 列中的失配效应。在一些实施例中，将盖子直接耦合到光伏发电机接线盒可以致使无需 外部输入端子。输出导体234a-b可以位于盖子232的相对侧上，并且可以耦合到额外的 电源装置(未在图中明确描绘)，从而形成串联连接的装置链。类似于其它说明性实施 例，相邻电源装置107之间的距离(即，耦合导体的长度)可以具有合适长度，从而使 相邻电源装置能够耦合到光伏设施中的相邻光伏模块。电源装置可以在制造时耦合到导 体，并且可以与导体紧凑地存储，从而实现快速且简单的部署。
现在参考图5A，图5A描绘根据说明性实施例的耦合到光伏发电机的电源装置链的一部分。PV发电机101e可以包含接线盒601e，从而具有可以耦合到电源装置102e的 输入端子210q和210r的两个输出端。由PV发电机产生的电力可以通过接线盒传送到 电源装置，所述电源装置可以通过输入端子210q和210r直接耦合到接线盒。电源装置 102e可以进一步包含电路230(未在图中明确描绘)，所述电路可以包括本文中所描述 的不同元件。输出导体220e可以在一侧上(未明确示出)将电源装置102e耦合到相邻 电源装置，而输出导体220f可以在另一侧上将电源装置102e耦合到相邻电源装置102f， 其中输出导体220f将电源装置102f耦合到电源装置102g。为了减小视觉噪声，在图中 未明确标记电源装置102f、102g的输入端子和输出导体。导体220e、220f和220g可以 具有合适长度以使电源装置中的每一个能够快速且简单地耦合到其相应发电机，而不需 要过度使用导电电缆。例如，如果PV模块101e、101f和101g具有39英寸的标准宽度 并且在垂直定向时紧邻彼此放置，那么每个输出导体可以约为40至45英寸长。
现在参考图5B，图5B描绘根据说明性实施例的耦合到光伏发电机的电源装置链的一部分。PV发电机101a可以包含接线盒601a，发电机电缆501a和501b耦合到所述接 线盒。由PV发电机产生的电力通过接线盒传送到发电机电缆，其中电缆501a耦合到电 源装置102a的输入端子210b并且电缆501b耦合到电源装置102b的输入端子210c。电 源装置102a和102b可以通过输出导体220b耦合到彼此。电源装置102e可以包含电路 230(未在图中明确描绘)，所述电路可以包括本文中所描述的不同元件。输出导体220a 可以在一侧上(未明确示出)将电源装置102a耦合到相邻电源装置，其中输入端子210a 耦合到相邻电源线(也未明确示出)。为了减小视觉噪声，在图中未明确标记电源装置 102b、102c的输入端子和输出导体。导体220a、220b和220c可以具有合适长度以使电 源装置中的每一个能够快速且简单地耦合两个相邻光伏模块，而不需要过度使用导电电 缆。例如，如果PV发电机101a、101b和101c具有39英寸的标准宽度并且在垂直定向 时紧邻彼此放置，那么每个输出导体可以约为40至45英寸长。
参考图5C，说明性实施例可以包含多个PV电源装置104a-c，每个具有耦合到光伏发电机的接线盒(例如，601a)的两个输入端子106(仅明确标记用于电源装置104a) 的特征。光伏电力可以通过接线盒和输入端子流动到PV电源装置。电源装置可以包含 输出导体105a，其通过T形连接器耦合到接地总线；以及输出导体105b，其通过T形 连接器耦合到电源总线。接地总线和电源总线可以耦合到链中的每个电源装置的输出导 体，由此将所有光伏模块并联耦合在串中。相邻PV电源装置之间的距离可以使所述PV 电源装置能够耦合到光伏设施中的相邻PV发电机。电源装置可以在制造时耦合到两个 导体(接地总线和电源总线)，并且可以与导体紧凑地存储，从而实现快速且简单的部 署。
现在参考图6，一些说明性实施例包含存储装置，所述存储装置用于通过实现电源装置链的便利存储以及快速且简单部署的方式存储电源装置链。光伏电源装置链可以包括通过输出导体220耦合到彼此的PV电源装置102。可以通过缠绕存储装置400来存 储所述链。在图6中所描绘的说明性实施例中，存储装置400是圆柱形卷轴，但是可以 使用其它形状进行缠绕。圆柱形形状可以使部署更容易，因为与电缆布线卷轴很相似， 圆柱形卷轴可以沿着光伏设施中的地面滚动。存储装置可以被设计成允许有效地封装电 源装置链。例如，如果存储装置类似于图4中所描绘的圆柱形卷轴，那么可以考虑耦合 电源装置的导体的长度来选择卷轴的直径，因此当链缠绕在卷轴上时，电源装置可以在 卷轴上紧邻彼此定位，紧密地按压在一起以进行紧凑存储。
在一些实施例中，设备包含多个电源装置和连接到这些电源装置的多个光伏发电机。电源装置可以包含输入端子、公用端子以及第一输出端子和第二输出端子。第一电 源装置的输入端子可以连接到多个光伏发电机中的一个光伏发电机的第一电源端子，第 二电源装置的第一输出端子可以连接到多个光伏发电机中的另一个光伏发电机的第二 电源端子，且第二电源装置的第二输出端子可以连接到第一电源装置的公用端子。第一 和第二输出端子可以输出共用输出电压，其中流过电源装置的总输出电流(例如，光伏 串电流，其中电源装置是光伏串的一部分)在流过第一输出端子的第一输出电流与流过 第二输出端子的第二输出电流之间分开。第一输出电流可以进一步流过连接的光伏发电 机，并且在一些实施例中，可以操作电源装置以提供对应于光伏发电机的最大功率点电 流的第一输出电流。可以操作电源装置以提供与总输出电流与第一输出电流之间的差流 对应的第二输出电流。
在一些实施例中，第一输出端子可以包括连接器，所述连接器被设计成例如使用MC4TM连接器连接到光伏发电机端子。在一些实施例中，第二输出端子和共用端子可以 包括预连接到电源装置和其它电源装置的导体(例如，图2A的导体220c和220d，或 图2B的导体220a和220b)。将电源装置的电流分成两个或多于两个部分可以产生较小 电流部分，所述较小电流部分允许使用可以比否则需要的电缆更细且更便宜的电缆。
这些电源装置中的至少一个可以包含汇流箱，其被配置成耦合到多个光伏串并用于 组合从多个光伏串产生的电力。一个或多个电源装置可以包含一个或多个传感器或传感 器接口，其被配置成用于测量或接收与多个光伏发电机相关联的一个或多个参数。一个或多个电源装置可以包含一个或多个安全开关，其被配置成用于在检测到预定义的潜在不安全条件时或响应于手动触发使光伏发电机断开连接和/或短路。手动触发可以包含激活快速关机开关或按钮。
在一些实施例中，电源装置可以包含输出导体，其被配置成用于传输和/或接收PLC 信号。通信链路(例如可以与输出导体集成并且可以通信方式耦合到通信装置。热传感器装置可以与输出导体集成，并且可以将温度测量值提供到与所述设备相关联的控制装置。热传感器装置可以包含热电偶装置和/或线性探热器。由热传感器装置获得的温度测量值可以在沿输出导体的一个或多个位置获得。
在一些实施例中，设备包含多个电源装置和多个导体连接，所述导体各自将一个电 源装置连接到至少一个其它电源装置。第一导体可以连接在第一电源装置的输入与第一 发电机的第一输出之间。第二导体可以连接在第一电源装置的输出与第一发电机的第二 输出之间。第三导体可以连接在第二电源装置的输出与第一电源装置的公用端子之间。导体可以内部地连接到对应电源装置内部的电路。多个导体中的至少一个可以在第一端处焊接或经由螺钉连接到电源装置。导体的第二端可以焊接或经由螺钉连接到另一个电源装置。具体来说，第一端和第二端可以各自连接到对应电源装置中的功率转换器或监 视装置。
其它实施例可以考虑替代存储技术，例如，将电源装置链封装到盒中，将链缠绕在多个杆上等。
尽管已经示出和描述所选择的本发明的实施例，但是将理解，本发明不限于所描述 的实施例。实际上，应了解，在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下，可以对这些实施例做出改变，本发明的范围由权利要求书和其等效物界定。此外，一个实施例的元件可 以与其它实施例的元件以适当的组合形式或子组合形式进行组合。例如，类似于如图中 关于图2A的端子210c和210d所示，图4C的导体234a-b可以位于盖子232的同一侧。 作为另一实例，电源装置链可以将多个光伏发电机并联连接，如图5C中所示，其中多 个光伏发电机中的每一个包括多个串联连接的光伏面板(如在图1E中所示)或光伏电 池。
在本文所揭示的说明性实施例中，光伏发电机用作可以利用所揭示的新颖特征的电 源的实例。每个PV发电机可以包括一个或多个太阳能电池、一个或多个太阳能电池串、一个或多个太阳能面板、一个或多个太阳能瓦或其组合。在一些实施例中，除了或代替 光伏面板，电源可以包含电池、飞轮、风力涡轮机或水电涡轮机、燃料电池或其它能源。 使用PV发电机的本文所揭示的系统、设备和方法可以同样适用于使用额外电源的替代 系统，并且这些替代系统包含在本文所揭示的实施例中。

Claims (10)

1.一种设备，其包括：
多个功率转换装置，每个功率转换装置包含被配置成耦合到一个或多个发电机的两个输入端；以及
多个导体，所述导体首先将每个功率转换装置连接到至少一个第二功率转换装置，每个导体基于所述第一功率转换装置连接到第一发电机以及第二功率转换装置耦合到第二发电机而具有一长度；以及
封装组合件，所述封装组合件被配置成在将所述功率转换装置和导体部署在发电机上之前，存储耦合到所述多个功率转换装置的所述多个导体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中每个功率转换装置包括直流电至直流电(DC/DC)和直流电至交流电(DC/AC)转换器中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述功率转换装置中的一个或多个被配置成调节耦合到所述功率转换装置的一个或多个发电机的输出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中每个功率转换装置进一步包括漏电保护器、保险丝、测量装置和监视装置中的至少一个。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其进一步包括被配置成缠绕所述功率转换装置和导体的仪器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中所述仪器是圆柱形线轴。
7.一种方法，其包括：
在将功率转换电路链部署在光伏设施中之前，使用多个导体将所述功率转换电路链连接在一起，其中一个或多个导体安置于第一功率转换电路与第二功率转换电路之间，其中基于所述第一功率转换电路耦合到第一发电机以及所述第二功率转换电路耦合到第二电力产生模块而选择所述一个或多个导体的长度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中在制造阶段期间执行所述连接所述功率转换电路链，使得作为单个单元封装和/或存储所述功率转换电路链和连接导体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述功率转换电路链和连接导体的所述封装和/或存储包含将所述功率转换电路链和连接导体缠绕在线轴、杆或框架上。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中一个或多个功率转换电路被配置成增加耦合到其上的一个或多个发电机的输出。
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