TWI521119B - 用於製造紙巾和手巾製品的工業用織物及其製造方法 - Google Patents
用於製造紙巾和手巾製品的工業用織物及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI521119B TWI521119B TW099102405A TW99102405A TWI521119B TW I521119 B TWI521119 B TW I521119B TW 099102405 A TW099102405 A TW 099102405A TW 99102405 A TW99102405 A TW 99102405A TW I521119 B TWI521119 B TW I521119B
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- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- opening
- paper
- papermaker
- raised edge
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- Y10T428/24281—Struck out portion type
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Description
本案要請求2009年1月28日申請之No. 61/147,894美國臨時專利申請案的優先權益。
所有於此提到的專利、專利申請案、文件、參考資料、製造者的指示、描述、產品說明書、和任何產品的製造張片等皆會併此附送參考,並可被應用於本發明的實施。
本發明係有關無端環帶織物,尤係有關被用作生產紙製品的織物之工業用織物。更詳言之,本發明係有關使用於製造諸如紙、衛生紙和紙巾製品等產品的非織造織物。
柔軟有吸收性的可棄式紙製品,譬如面紙、浴紙和紙巾等,在摩登的工業化社會中是一種現代生活的普遍特色。雖有許多用於製造該等產品的方法,一般而言,它們的製造會以在一造紙機的成形段中形成一纖維質纖維疋來開始。該纖維質纖維疋係將一纖維料漿,即是,一種纖維質纖維的水性分散物,沈積在一造紙機的成形段之一移動的成形織物上而來形成。一大量的水會由該料漿穿過該成形織物排出,而在該成形織物的表面上留下該纖維質纖維疋。
該纖維質纖維疋的進一步處理和乾燥通常係使用兩種習知方法之一來進行。此等方法一般被稱為濕壓和乾燥。在濕壓時,剛新形成的纖維質纖維疋會被移轉至一壓著織物,並由該成形段前進至一壓著段其包含至少一壓著軋口。該纖維質纖維疋會被該壓著織物支撐,或通常情況係在二該等壓著織物之間來通過該等壓著軋口。在該等壓著軋口中,該纖維質纖維疋會受到壓縮力而由之搾出水分。該水分會被壓著織物所接收,且最理想是不會回到該纖維疋或紙中。壓著之後,該紙疋會被藉由例如一壓著織物移轉至一旋轉的楊基(Yankee)乾燥筒,其會被加熱而使該紙疋在該圓筒表面上實質地乾燥。該紙疋內的水分當其在該楊基乾燥筒表面上時會使該紙疋黏附於該表面,且,在製造衛生紙和紙巾類的紙製品時,該紙疋典型會被以一起縐片來由該乾燥表面上產生縐紋。該起縐的紙疋可被進一步處理,例如,在進一步的轉化操作之前通過一滾壓機並捲收。該起縐片對該紙疋的作用已知會使該紙疋中的一部份纖維間結合點在該紙疋被驅入該刃片中時藉該刃片對該紙疋的機械搗擊動作而被打破,但是,當從該紙疋乾燥其水分時,會有相當強固的纖維間結合點形成於該等纖維質纖維之間。此等結合點的強固係會使得即使在傳統的起縐操作之後,該紙疋仍會保留一堅硬的感覺,一相當高的密度,及低膨鬆度和吸水性。
為能減低由該濕壓法所形成之纖維間結合點的強度,一種透氣乾燥法(“TAD”)可被使用。在該TAD製程中,剛新形成的纖維質纖維疋會被利用一由真空或吸力所帶來的空氣流而移轉至一TAD織物,其會撓曲該紙疋並迫使它至少部份地順應於該TAD織物的構形。由該移轉點的下游處,該被載帶於TAD織物上的紙疋會通過並迴繞該透氣乾燥機,其中有一加熱的空氣流會被導向該紙疋並穿透該TAD織物,而將該紙疋乾燥至一所需程度。最後,由該透氣乾燥機的下游處,該紙疋可被移轉至一楊基乾燥機的表面以便進一步及完全地乾燥。該完全乾燥的紙疋嗣會被以一刮刀由該楊基乾燥機的表面移除,此將會縐縮或起縐該紙疋而更增加其膨鬆度。該縐縮的紙疋嗣會被捲收於捲筒上以供後續處理,包括包裝成一適合運送並被消費者購買的形式。
在該TAD製程中,因沒有紙疋緊壓,譬如於該濕壓製程中當該紙疋在該織物上而在一軋口中被壓著時,及當其被傳送至對抵該楊基乾燥筒時所可能發生者,故會減少強固纖維間結合點被形成的機會,並使所完成的衛生紙或紙巾產品具有比以傳統的濕壓法所能達成者更大的膨鬆度。但,一般而言,在該透氣乾燥製法中形成的紙疋之抗拉強度並不適用於一消費產品,故各種不同種類的化學添加物典型會在該成形操作時及/或之前被加入於該料疋中以達到所需的強度,而仍保留該原來製品的最大膨鬆度。
如前所述,有許多種方法可用以製造膨鬆的衛生紙產品,而以上的描述應可瞭解係為某些該等方法所共用的一般步驟之概要。例如,楊基乾燥機的使用並非一定必要,如在一特定情況下,縐縮可能並不需要;或其它的手段,譬如“濕起縐”,可能已被用來縐縮該紙疋。
濕壓或透氣乾燥法之其它的製法及機器構態變化等亦會被考量。例如,在某些情況下,當該紙張被由乾燥機表面移除時並沒有使用起縐刮刀。又,有一些製法係為該透氣乾燥製法的變化例,它們企圖達到“似TAD”衛生紙或紙巾產品的性質,而不用該等TAD單元和與該TAD製法相關聯的高能量成本。
膨鬆、吸收性、強度、柔軟度和美感外觀等性質對許多產品被使用於其預定目的時是很重要的,特別是當該等纖維質產品係為面紙或衛生紙或紙巾時。為製造一具有該等特性的紙產品,一織物時常會被構製成使該紙張接觸表面呈現構形變化。此等構形變化通常係被以該織物表面中的編織紗股之間的平面差來測量。例如,一平面差典型係被測量為該織物表面的平面中之一凸起的緯向或經向紗股間的高度差,或為沿機器方向(MD)結點與橫交機器方向(CD)結點的高度差。通常,該織物結構會呈現凹袋,於此情況下平面差可被測量為一凹袋深度。
應請瞭解該等織物可在該造紙機上採取無端環圈的形式,並以輸送帶的方式來運作。亦請瞭解造紙係為一連續的製程,其會以一可觀的速度進行。此即是說,該纖維料漿會在該成形段中被連續地沈積於該成形織物上,而一剛新製成的紙張於乾燥之後會被連續地捲繞在捲筒上。
本發明提供一種非織造織物其功能可取代一傳統的織造織物,並能對其上所製成的衛生紙和紙巾產品賦予所需的紋理、手感和膨鬆性。
因此本發明之一主要目的係為提供一種非織的造紙機用織物,其會將所需的紋理、手感和膨鬆性賦加於其上所製成的衛生紙和紙巾產品等。
本發明的另一目的係為提供一種非織的造紙機用織物其具有一貫穿孔隙的構形。
本發明的又一目的係為提供一種非織的造紙機用織物,其不僅能提供一種被製於其上的改良紙產品,並可容許該製程能被以一寬廣組列的織物起縐百分比和單位重量來進行。故,操作製程參數的範圍及/或回收的纖維含量乃可增加。
這些及其它的目的和優點等可被本發明提供。相對於一在一習知的織造織物上製成的紙疋,依據本發明之一態樣,一具有貫穿空隙之構形的非織造織物或帶會被提供,而當施加一真空時該織物或帶會造成一紙疋(衛生紙或紙巾)其具有高夾徑和低密度。
其它的優點,譬如但不限於:提供不洩漏空氣以導致更有效的濕成形;一優於習知織造織物之改良的紙張引取和釋放;甚少或不會再濕化;及因無紗線橫越而滯陷紙纖維故可較容易清潔等,亦已被發現。
本發明的織物可在造紙機中找到用途,例如作為壓印織物、起縐織物或其它的用途等,乃為精習於該技術者所可易知。
為了能更佳地瞭解本發明、其操作優點和使用其所獲得的特定目的等,請參閱所附的描述內容,其中本發明的較佳實施例會被示於所附圖式中,其中對應的構件係被以相同的編號來標示。
以下的詳細描述係僅為舉例而非用以限制本發明,最好能配合所附圖式等來瞭解,其中相同的編號係指相同的元件和部件,其中:第1A和1B圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一具有貫穿孔隙的織物之一例;第2A圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一具有貫穿孔隙的織物截面之一例;第2B圖係為依據本發明之一具有分支孔隙結構的織物截面之一例;第3A圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一用以產生具有貫穿孔隙的織物之系統方塊圖;第3B圖示出依據本發明之一態樣之一用於在一織物中產生貫穿孔隙的裝置;第4圖係為用於一造紙製程中的造紙機之示意圖;第5圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一描述在一織物中產生貫孔的製程之流程圖;第6圖示出一依據本發明之一態樣來被鑽孔的織物之影像;第7圖示出一依據本發明之另一態樣來被鑽孔的織物之影像;第8A~G圖示出一依據本發明之一態樣來被鑽孔的疊層織物之影像;第9圖示出對應於第8G圖之鑽設貫孔的頂和底面之影像;第10圖示出若干依據本發明之又另一態樣所產生的貫穿孔隙;第11圖係為一依據本發明之一態樣的織物之立體圖;及第12圖示出一可藉以構製本發明之織物的方法。
本發明現將參照所附圖式更完整地說明於後,其中本發明的較佳實施例會被示出。但,本發明可被以許多不同的形式來體現,而不應被視為限制於所描述的示出實施例。又,該等所示實施例係被提供以使本揭露能徹底且完整,並會將本發明的範圍完全地傳達給精習於該技術者。
本發明提供一種非織造織物可供使用於例如第4圖中所示的裝置。該非織造織物的功能可取代一傳統的織造織物,並對其上所製造的衛生紙和紙巾產品賦予所需的紋理、手感和膨鬆性。本發明的織物可減少與製造紙產品相關聯的製造時間和成本。製造時間和成本能被減少,因為本發明的織物當被用作一傳統的TAD織物時亦可減少甚至阻止被由一紙疋移除的水分再濕化該紙疋。因此,該紙疋將會被迅速且更有效率地乾燥。如第4圖所示,該製造程序之一實施例及一使用於該製程的造紙機10係被描述如下。
該造紙機10具有一傳統的雙線成形段12,一織物道14,一鞋壓段16,一起縐織物18及一楊基乾燥機20。成形段12包含一對成形織物22、24係被多數個滾筒26、28、30、32、34、36及一成形滾筒38所支撐。一頭箱40會提供造紙料漿至一介於成形滾筒38與滾筒26和該等織物之間的軋口42。該料漿會形成一料疋44,其會在該等織物上藉一真空的協助,例如藉由真空箱46而被脫水。
該料疋44會前進至一造紙壓著織物48,其係被多個滾筒50、52、54、55所支撐,該織物會與一鞋壓滾筒56接觸。該料疋44當被轉移至該織物48時係為一低稠度。轉移可藉真空來協助,例如,滾筒50可為一真空滾筒若如此較佳,或為一引取或真空鞋,如該技術中所習知者。當該料疋達到該鞋壓滾筒56時,其可有一10至25%的稠度,較好為20至25%,或者當其進入鞋壓滾筒56與轉移滾筒60之間的軋口58時會如此。轉移滾筒60可為一加熱的滾筒若如此較佳。取代一鞋壓滾筒,該滾筒56亦可為一傳統的抽吸壓力滾筒。若一鞋壓裝置被使用將會較佳,且較好該滾筒54係為一真空滾筒,以便在該織物進入該鞋壓軋口之前更有效地由該織物除去水分,因為該料漿中的水分會在該鞋壓軋口處被壓入該織物中。於任何情況下,使用一真空滾筒54係典型較佳而可確保該料疋在改變方向時仍會保持與該織物接觸,如精習於該技術者可由該圖中瞭解。
料疋44會在軋口58中藉壓力鞋62的協助而在該織物48下被濕壓。故該料疋於該製程之此階段會在軋口58處被密壓地脫水,典型係增加稠度大約15或更多百分比的固體。在軋口58處所示出的構造一般稱為鞋壓器。相關於本發明,滾筒60係可操作如一轉移圓筒,其會操作而以高速輸送料疋44,典型為1000fpm(呎/分)至6000fpm,送至該起縐織物18。
滾筒60具有一光滑表面64,若有需要其可被提供一黏劑及/或釋離劑。料疋44會黏附於圓筒60的轉移表面64,當該料疋44繼續地沿箭號66所示的機器方向前進時,該圓筒會以高角速度旋轉。在該圓筒60上,料疋44會具有一大致隨機出現的纖維分佈。該方向66係稱為料疋的亦為造紙機10的機器方向(MD),而橫交機器方向(CD)即在該料疋平面中垂直於該MD的方向。
料疋44典型會以10至25%左右的稠度進入軋口58,而在當其如圖中所示轉移到起縐織物18時,會被脫水及乾燥成由約25%至約70%的稠度。
起縐織物18係被支撐在多個滾筒68、70、72與一軋口滾筒74上,並與轉移圓筒60形成一織物起縐軋口76,如圖所示。該起縐織物18會界定一起縐軋口歷經一距離,在該距離中起縐織物18係可接觸滾筒60,即是,對抵該轉移圓筒60而施加可觀的壓力於該料疋44。此時,墊背(或起縐)滾筒70可被設具一柔軟的可變形表面,此將會增加該起縐軋口的長度,並增加該織物和紙張與該接觸點之間的織物起縐角度。或者,一鞋壓滾筒亦可被用作該滾筒70俾在高撞擊的織物起縐軋口76中增加與該料疋的有效接觸,在該處料疋44會轉移至起縐織物18並沿機器方向前進。藉著在該起縐軋口76處使用不同的設備,其乃可能調整該織物起縐角度或由該起縐軋口引離角度。故,其係可能影響纖維的特質和重分佈量,層離/鬆脫乃可藉調整該等軋口參數而在織物起縐軋口76處發生。
在起縐之後,該料疋44會繼續沿著機器方向66前進,而在轉移軋口82處被壓著於楊基滾筒80上。在軋口82處的轉移會在一般由約25至約70%的料疋稠度發生。在此等稠度下,會難以使該料疋44牢固地黏附於楊基滾筒80的表面84而足以完全地從該織物移除該料疋44。該製程之此狀況是很重要的,特別是當其需要使用一高速乾燥罩以及保持高撞擊起縐情況時。與此相關地,請注意傳統的透氣乾燥(TAD)製法並無使用高速罩,因為充分地黏附於楊基滾筒80不能達到。依據該製法,係用特定的黏劑配合一適當水分的料疋(25至70%稠度)來將其充分地黏附於該楊基滾筒80,以容許該系統的高速操作和高噴射速度冲氣乾燥。
該料疋44會在楊基滾筒80上乾燥,其係為一加熱圓筒,並藉楊基罩88中的高噴速冲擊空氣來乾燥。當該圓筒80旋轉時,料疋44會被起縐刮刀89由該圓筒上刮起並捲繞在一捲收滾筒90上。
本發明係有關使用於製造柔軟、有吸收佳、可棄的紙製品,譬如面紙、浴紙和紙巾,或其它如前所述的紙產品之造紙機用織物。該等織物除了能提供某些程度的紙張構形,當被用作一傳統的TAD織物時亦可最少化或甚至防止一紙製品或紙張/料疋的再潤濕。該等織物可具有貫穿孔隙的構形。該等貫穿孔隙除了其它者外可包含某些幾何特徵,其會提供加強的紙張構形和膨鬆性給該等紙產品或紙張/料疋,例如當在織物18上製造時。該等織物的另一優點係紙張較容易由織物18上釋離至該楊基圓筒80。又另一優點係其可避免一傳統紡織機的限制和需要,因為該等貫穿孔隙能被設成任何所需的位置圖案,故該紙產品或紙張/料疋的外觀美感乃可被改良。
此外,依據本發明所構製的織物將會造成較深的凹袋,而使一紙疋具有較高的膨鬆吸收性和較低的密度。應請瞭解所謂“貫穿孔隙”係如同於“貫孔”,而代表任何會完全通過一織物例如一造紙機用織物的開孔。又請瞭解本發明的織物亦可同樣被用作為織物22、24或48。
第1A和1B圖示出一多個貫穿孔隙102的平面圖,它們係被製設於一依據一實施例之織物104的一部份中。依據一態樣,該等貫穿孔隙可作為排水孔,它們係被用於紙產品或紙張的製造。第1A圖係由一面對一雷射源(未示出)的頂面106(即雷射面)之視點來示出該多個貫穿孔隙102等,而該雷射源係可操作來在該織物104中造成該等貫穿孔隙或貫孔。各貫穿孔隙102可具有一錐狀造型,其中各貫穿孔隙102的內表面108會由該頂面106上的開口110向內推拔斜縮而貫穿至該織物104之底面114(見第1B圖)上的開口112(見第1B圖)。該開口110之沿x座標方向的直徑係被示為△x1,而開口110沿y座標方向的直徑係被示為△y1。請參閱第1B圖,同樣地,開口112之沿x方向的直徑係被示為△x2,而開口112沿y座標方向的直徑係被示為△y2。由第1A和1B圖乃可看出,在該織物104之頂面106上的開口110沿x方向的直徑△x1係比該織物104之底面114上的開口112沿x方向的直徑△x2更大。且,該織物104之頂面106上的開口110沿y方向的直徑△y1係比該織物104之底面114上的開口112沿y方向的直徑△y2更大。
第2A圖示出第1A和1B圖中所示的貫穿孔隙102之一者的截面圖。如前所述,各貫穿孔隙102可具有一錐狀造型,而各貫穿孔隙102的內表面108會由該頂面106上的開口110向內推拔斜縮並貫穿至該織物104之底面114上的開口112。各貫穿孔隙102的錐狀造型可為由一光源譬如一CO2或其它雷射裝置所產生的入射光輻射202之一結果。藉著施加適當特性(例如輸出功率、焦距、脈衝寬度等)的雷射輻射202於例如一非織造織物,則一貫穿孔隙102可因該雷射輻射穿透該織物104的表面106、114之結果而被造成。使用雷射裝置來造成貫穿孔隙將會在以下數段中藉助於實驗數據來被描述。
如第2A圖中所示,依據一態樣,該雷射輻射202當撞擊時會在該織物104的頂面106上造成一第一凸升邊緣或突緣204,並在底面114上造成一第二凸升邊緣或突緣206。該等凸升邊緣204、206亦可被稱為凸圈或凸唇。由該凸緣204頂部所見之一平面圖係以204A示出。同樣地,由該凸緣206底部所見之一平面圖係以206A示出。在該二示圖204A和206A中,點線205A和205B係為一凸圈或凸唇的代表圖示。因此,點線205A和205B並非用以表示紋痕。各凸緣204、206的高度可在5~10μm的範圍內。該高度係被計算成該織物表面與該凸緣頂部的水平差。例如,該凸緣204的高度係被測量為表面106與凸緣204的頂部208之間的水平差。凸緣譬如204和206等除了其它優點之外將會提供每一貫穿孔隙或貫孔的局部機械性補強,此則會助益於一特定穿孔織物(例如一起縐織物)的全面阻抗。且,較深的孔隙會在所製造的紙中造成較深的凹袋,並亦會造成例如更為膨鬆和較低的密度。要陳明的是,在任何情況下,△x1/△x2可為1.1或更高,且△y1/△y2可為1.1或更高。或者,在某些或所有情況下,△x1/△x2可為等於1且△y1/△y2可為等於1,而來形成一圓筒狀的貫穿孔隙。
雖在一織物中造成具有凸升邊緣的貫孔等可使用一雷射裝置來達成,但擬想能夠造成該等效果的其它裝置亦可被使用。機械冲孔或壓花再冲孔亦可被使用。例如,該非織造織物可被以一凸部與對應凹部的圖案在該表面中壓花成該所需圖案。嗣各凸部可例如被機械地冲孔或雷射鑽孔。
第3A圖示出一用以在一織物302中產生貫穿孔隙304的系統300之實施例。系統300可包含一雷射裝置306,一雷射驅動單元308,一雷射頭310,及機械固定具316其上係置放該織物302。
該雷射驅動單元308會控制各種條件,其會改變該雷射所產生的輸出。例如,該驅動單元308可容許調整該雷射的輸出功率並提供各種調制特性。比如,該雷射可被脈衝歷經一固定或連續的時間週期,而該脈衝寬度可被調整遍及一特定範圍。
該雷射項310會經由噴嘴314輸送入射光輻射312至該織物302來造成該等貫穿孔隙304。該入射光輻射312在由該噴嘴314輸出之前可被處理成不同的射束成形分量。例如,不同的光透鏡排列可被用來在該雷射頭310的噴嘴314和該織物302的頂面之間達到一所需的工作距離(即Dw)。又,分光器、隔離器、偏光器、隙縫、及/或其它構件等亦可被用來改變與由該雷射頭310輸出的入射光輻射312相關聯的不同屬性。例如,光點大小和光點形狀的控制可能為一種需要的屬性。事實上,該入射光輻射係在鑽開(或切削)該織物302中的貫孔或貫穿孔隙。
該織物302可被安裝或置放在一適當的裝置(例見第3B圖)上,其具有不同的馬達化構件、軌條、滾輪等等,而可便於該織物302及/或雷射頭310沿一特定的x-y座標方向移動。藉著控制該織物302沿該x-y座標方向的移動,一貫穿孔隙的構形乃可依據不同的所需圖案來被造成於該織物上。除了沿該x-y方向的移動之外,工作距離Dw亦可藉將該雷射頭310安裝在一馬達化平台上而被改變,該平台會提供沿一z座標方向的移動。亦有可能設計一種系統使該雷射頭能在三個維向移動,而該織物保持固定。或者,該雷射頭可沿一橫向“x”或橫交機器方向(CD)方式來橫越該織物,而該織物則沿該機器方向(MD)或“y”軸移動。其亦可能組構一系統,其中該織物會相對於一機械式固定的雷射頭沿三維移動。
第3B圖示出一用於在一依據本發明之一態樣的造紙機織物中產生貫穿孔隙的裝置320之一實施例。應請瞭解第3B圖中所示的織物322僅為該織物322的整體長度之一較短部份。若該織物322是無端的環圈,則其最實用係會被繞裝在一對滾筒上,雖未示於該圖中,但對一般精習於造紙機用布技術者最為熟悉。在此情況下,該裝置320會被設在該二滾筒間之該織物322的二流道之一者上,最方便是為頂流道。但,不論是否為無端環帶,在該製程中織物322,較好係被以一適當的拉緊程度來設置。且,為防止弛垂,織物322在移動穿過該裝置320時,可被由底下以一水平支撐件來支撐。
現請更詳細地參閱第3B圖,其中該織物322係被示出當本發明的方法被實施時正以一朝上方向移經該裝置320,裝置320包含一序列的數個站,當該造紙機用織物正被由之製造時織物322可增量地通過它們。
在上述實施例中所述的造紙機用織物係為一織物之一例,其將會被依於此所述的系統和方法來鑽孔。被造於該造紙機用織物中的所述貫穿孔隙之該等較佳特性將會加強與被一造紙機所製成之紙產品相關聯的一或更多種特性。依據本發明所構製的織物會改良其在造紙機上的性能,因為該織物中的貫穿孔隙較好係為錐形,其在紙張面上具有較寬開口而在機器面上具有較小開口,此將能容許該織物以較高的抽拉標度或以較低的單位重量來操作。又,較高的回收纖維含量亦能被使用,而仍可獲得所需的紙疋性質。依據本發明,該等織物亦會提供其它的優點,譬如但不限於:提供無空氣洩漏以導致更有效的濕成形;一優於習知織造織物之改良的紙張引取和釋放;甚至或不會再濕化;及因沒有紗線橫越而滯陷紙纖維故可較容易清潔。
第5圖示出一描述依據一實施例之在一織物中產生貫孔的製程之流程圖500。在步驟502時,會決定一雷射裝置要以單行程模式或多行程模式來操作。在單行程模式中,該雷射會在其移動通過該織物時於單一行程中造成一貫穿孔隙。在多行程模式中,該雷射會通過該織物二或更多次並施加光輻射於該織物上之相同位置,直到所需的貫穿孔隙完全造成為止。
假使在步驟504時係決定選擇單行程模式,則一組雷射參數會被取用(步驟506)。此等雷射參數可包括會被施用於一雷射驅動單元譬如單元308(見第3圖)的各種設定值。在步驟508時,依據該被取用的雷射參數,由該雷射輸出的光輻射會穿透該織物而來產生一所需的貫穿孔隙形狀。在步驟510時,一旦一所產生的貫穿孔隙之形狀/構形被分析(例如視覺檢查,影像獲得/處理等)後,將會判定該貫穿孔隙是否符合所需的形狀標準(步驟512)。若該貫穿孔隙符合所需的形狀標準(步驟512),則該等取用的雷射設定值會被儲存(步驟514),俾使它們在要鑽孔相同或類似的織物之製程中能再使用。另一方面若係判定該貫穿孔隙並不符合所需的形狀標準(512),則用來驅動該雷射的雷射參數會被重新調整(步驟516),以嚐試造成一具有所需形狀標準的貫穿孔隙。製程步驟512、516、508和510等會繼續被執行,直到該等貫孔的形狀標準能滿足為止。當一所產生貫孔的形狀符合需要的形狀標準時,則整體織物乃可被鑽孔。
若在步驟504係決定選擇該多行程模式,則一組雷射參數會被取用(步驟520)。此等雷射參數可包括各種不同的設定值,它們會被施用於一雷射驅動單元譬如單元308(第3圖)。在步驟522時,依據該等取用的雷射參數,由該雷射輸出的光輻射會穿透該織物,而來產生一所需的貫穿孔隙形狀。在步驟524時,當一所產生的貫穿孔隙或穿孔之形狀/構形被分析(例如視覺檢查,影像處理等)後,將會判定該織物的穿孔是否已產生一貫穿孔隙,及所產生的貫穿孔隙是否符合所需的形狀標準(步驟526)。若一貫穿孔隙已被產生且其符合所需的形狀標準(步驟526),則所取用的雷射設定值會被儲存(步驟528),俾使它們在要鑽孔相同或類似的織物之製程時能夠再使用。另一方面若係判定一貫穿孔隙尚未被產生(例如只是該織物表面之一孔洞)。或一產生的貫穿孔隙並不符合所需的形狀標準(526),則該雷射會再通過該貫穿孔隙一後續時間,並施加光輻射於該貫孔(步驟530)。製程步驟526、530、532等(選擇性步驟)和524會繼續被執行,直到該貫穿孔隙被造成且該貫穿孔隙的所需形狀標準能滿足為止。當一產生的貫穿孔隙之形狀符合所需的形狀標準時,則整體織物乃可被鑽孔。在選擇性步驟532時,用以驅動該雷射的雷射參數亦可被重新調整,俾能助益該貫穿孔隙的產生及/或造成一具有所需形狀標準的貫穿孔隙。但請瞭解,用以產生一貫穿孔隙的通過數次會依據許多因素而改變,譬如但不限於:該織物材料、織物厚度、雷射裝置種類、雷射操作或驅動參數等等。
第6圖示出一依據本發明之一或多個態樣來鑽孔的織物之影像。影像602示出由一織物的頂面(即雷射面)所見之被鑽設於該織物中的貫穿孔隙。影像604示出由該織物的底面(即反面)所見之被鑽設的貫穿孔隙。該鑽孔標準係要達到圓形的貫穿孔隙,且在該雷射面或頂面上具有一較大的開口面積。影像602和604示出在該雷射面或頂面上具有相對於該底面(圖604)上之開口更大的開口(圖602)。該等貫穿孔隙可被使用一CO2雷射來鑽設,其可被程式化或操作以產生一預定脈寬的光脈衝歷經一預定的時間週期。與該貫穿孔隙鑽孔製程有關的各種其它參數可包括例如但不限於:設定該雷射所產生的輸出功率(W),鑽孔速度,沿x和y方向的增量移動,工作距離(即由雷射頭噴嘴至織物表面的距離),針對指定織物的密度(孔/in2)要求,及使該織物接受光輻射的行程數目。
第7圖示出一依據本發明之一或多個態樣來鑽孔的織物之影像。影像702示出由一織物的頂面(即雷射面)所見之被鑽設在該織物中的貫穿孔隙。影像704示出由該織物的底面(即反面)所見之被鑽設的貫穿孔隙。該鑽孔標準係要達到使貫穿孔隙在該織物的雷射面或頂面上相對於該反面或底面具有一較大的開口面積。影像702和704示出在該雷射面或頂面上具有相對於底面上的開口(圖704)更大的開口(圖702)。此等貫穿孔隙亦可被使用一CO2雷射來鑽設,其可被程式化或操作以產生一預定脈寬的光脈衝歷經一預定的時間週期。與該貫穿孔隙鑽設製程相關聯的各種其它參數可包括但不限於:設定該雷射的輸出功率(W),鑽孔速度,沿x和y方向的增量移動,工作距離(即由雷射頭噴嘴至織物表面的距離),一指定織物的密度(孔/in2)要求,及令該織物接受光輻射的行程數目。如第7圖中所示,該等貫孔相較於第6圖所示的貫穿孔隙係實質上呈橢圓形。不同的因素及/或參數(例如鑽孔速度)會造成對應於該織物的雷射面和相反面之貫穿孔隙形狀及貫穿孔隙開口面積(%)的差異。
第8A~G圖示出一依據本發明之一態樣來鑽孔的疊層織物之影像。依據此實施例的疊層織物可包含二或更多層被使用一適當的層合技術附接結合。例如,一CO2雷射可被以一頻爆模式來操作,而輸送一大約600W的輸出功率。因該織物被鑽孔時係為一疊層,故該等貫穿孔隙會在入射光輻射的多次通過之後被產生。
第8A~G圖係為顯微影像其示出該入射光輻射由第1次通過至第7次通過之每一次行程的打孔深度。該等影像亦示出在該鑽孔製程期間所造成的凸升邊緣。該等凸緣(即頂面)之例係被示於804(第8A圖)、806(第8B圖)、和808(第8G圖)。於該每一次通過時,在第8A~G圖中的影像示出該貫穿孔隙的頂面和底面上的開口會有些增加。例如,與第8D圖相關聯的影像示出一頂面開口在第4次通過之後該貫穿孔隙會有一大約3.2mm的頂面上直徑及一大約1.4mm的底面上直徑。而在第7次通過之後,如第8G圖中所示,該頂面開口已在頂面上增加至一大約3.3mm的貫穿孔隙直徑及一大約2.5mm的底面上直徑。此等所示結果顯示須要5次通過來產生一貫穿孔隙。但請瞭解,用以產生一貫穿孔隙的行程數次會依許多因素而改變,譬如但不限於:該疊層材料,疊厚度,雷射裝置種類,雷射操作或驅動參數等等。
第9圖示出對應於第8G圖(即第7次通過之後)該所鑽成的貫穿孔隙之頂面902和底面904的影像。如第9圖中所示,在第7次通過之後該等貫穿孔隙的頂面和底面開口形狀係實質上呈矩形。
第10圖示出依據本發明的又另一態樣之用以產生貫穿孔隙的實驗所得的若干孔隙圖案。在某些情況下,可能需要增大尺寸的貫穿孔隙。例如,光點尺寸可能為一限制因素。為克服此限制而產生較大的貫穿孔隙,該雷射裝置會被有效地作為一切刀而非一鑽頭。為造成此切削作用,該雷射頭可依據不同的頻率(例如Wobulation或Vobulation頻率)和強度標準(例如Wobulation或Vobulation指數)來被顫動(即Wobulation或Vobulation)以造成較大的貫穿孔隙。
例如,在第10圖中所示的影像1010和1012係對應於依據不同的操作參數所產生的貫穿孔隙,譬如但不限於:鑽孔速度,顫動頻率,顫動指數,雷射輸出功率等。因此,對應於影像1010的貫穿孔隙之表面開口1014的形狀係實質上為圓形,而與影像1012相關聯的貫穿孔隙之表面開口1016的形狀係實質上為矩形。在諸多會影響該等表面開口的形狀者中之一種因素乃為當該入射輻射由一位置移至下個位置以在該織物中產生一後續的貫穿孔隙之雷射掃描速度(即mm/s)。
在另一實施例中,一織物結構可具有或沒有一基礎支撐基材,而包含一紙張接觸表面具有一系列的平台區域和凹部等,及一分支的孔隙結構可適於將紋理賦加於一衛生紙、紙巾或非織物。第2B圖示出一具有分支孔隙或開孔11的織物結構10之表面截面,其在紙張面12上含有多數的小孔10a和10b等,它們會斜傾而使其合併於一在該表面之一相反面14處的較大孔隙10c中。如所示,該分支開孔11亦可被形成包含凸升邊緣或凸圈16等鄰接各孔10a和10b的周緣。雖未示出於第2B圖中,凸緣或凸圈亦可被形成鄰接該織物結構之相反面14上的較大孔隙10c之周緣。雖孔洞10a和10b等係被示為併入孔隙10c中,但一具有3或更多個孔洞併入一較大孔隙中的分支孔隙結構亦可被擬想,而凸圈亦可被形成鄰接該等較小的紙張面孔洞及/或較大的相反面孔隙。且,該等凸圈可部份地或完全地覆蓋該織物。
此一結構容許在一織物結構中有高數目的小孔洞,且亦容許沿機器方向MD的低長段伸長率,並容許沿橫交機器方向CD的高撓曲硬挺度。此一結構亦能被調適以使其例如容許在該織物結構中的孔洞直徑比該基材厚度更小,而不會造成例如因污染而阻塞的孔洞。
一具有該所述分支結構表面的織面結構亦可被擬想用於一TAD或其它衛生紙或紙巾或非織物的用途。例如,一在紙張側之表面上的粗糙結構和在一相反的機器側之表面上的較小孔洞等,乃可例如呈一所需圖案來抓捕、成形及/或定向被佈設在該織物結構上的纖維,而造成一高膨鬆度的衛生紙、紙巾或非織物。如前所述,該等孔隙可為直孔(圓筒狀)或錐形。例如,不同圖案的錐形孔洞可被設計成使它們係較大且適當佈滿一側面譬如一料疋或紙張側的表面,而在相反的機器側之表面上的孔洞等可被沿該MD實質地對準,以提供例如增加的排水率。該等分支的孔隙能被以任何數目的打孔方法或其組合來造成,包括雷射鑽孔、機械冲孔,及壓花(例如熱或超音波)。例如,該等孔隙可藉組合雷射鑽孔或壓花來被造成。
請切記如前所述通常造紙用帶並不會賦加結構於其上所製造的紙張。“結構”係指該紙張之單位重量及/或密度的變化等,其係比一般造紙所發生者和正常的變異所產生者更大。譬如因起縐所致生者。但,“結構”亦可指該衛生紙或紙巾片中之一紋理或一圖案。此等“有結構的”衛生紙/紙巾片通常係為柔軟且膨鬆而具有高吸收性。該等造紙帶可為TAD帶或傳統的壓著織物、轉移織物,或成形織物。該等帶包含一表面圖案化構架並可具有一補強結構。有結構的衛生紙和紙巾會比無結構的衛生紙/紙巾較為柔軟,更有吸收性,並有一較低的單位重量。
一造紙機用織物通常有兩面:一紙張接觸面和一機器或滾筒面。前者被如此稱謂乃因其係為該織物面向剛新被形成的紙疋之一面。後者被如此稱謂乃因其係為該織物通過並與造紙機上的滾筒接觸的一面。
如前所述,在第4圖所述的製程中,當該料疋44被轉移至墊背滾筒60後,該料疋44會被引取至該以更低甚多的速率來運行的起縐織物18上。在引取之後,會有一真空箱(未示出)用以將該料疋更深地拉入該起縐織物18的孔隙中,並藉著將殘餘的水分汲入(並穿過)該起縐織物18的內部,而由該紙疋除去更多的殘餘水分。傳統的邏輯會顯示在淋濕之後任何留在該起縐織物18中的殘餘水分將會在紙張引取之後再濕化該料疋44。但於此實施例中,以該起縐織物18裝在造紙機上而使較寬的開口設在紙張面上且其對應的較小開口設在滾筒面上,却沒有出現該情況。水分測試樣本提示該再濕化若未完全消除亦會減至最小。已察知該織物本身會在內側潤濕,此又與無再濕化不相符。因此,該料疋44的無再濕化係為一非預期的結果。故,此意外的結果可能係為該起縐織物18被裝在造紙機上且較寬開口被設在該紙張面上而其對應的較小開口被設在該滾筒面上之一效能。
第11圖係為依據本發明之一實施例所形成的造紙機帶1110之一立體圖。依據本實施例,該帶1110具有一內表面1112與一外表面1214,且係螺旋地捲繞一用上述的數種方法和系統之一者所製成的聚合材料條1116來形成者。該帶可被使用在Rexfelt等人所共同擁有的No. 5,360,656美國專利中所述的方法來製成,其完整內容併此附送參考。材料條1116可被螺旋地捲繞成多數個緊靠且互相鄰接的迴圈,由於該帶1110被構製的螺旋形式故實質上縱向會迴繞該帶1110的長度。
該帶1110可被製成之一舉例方法係示於第12圖中。裝置1220包含一第一處理滾筒1222和一第二處理滾筒1224,它們各可繞其縱軸旋轉。該第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224係互相平行,並以一距離分開,該距離會決定要在其上被製成之帶縱向迴繞所測得的整體長度。在該第一處理滾筒1222之側處,係設有一供應捲軸(未示於圖中)平行於該等處理滾筒1222和1224而可移位地繞一軸線被可旋轉地安裝。該等滾筒1222和1224可被設成使捲繞其上的織物之長度大致係為最終織物的所需長度。該供應捲軸會容納一成捲之例如具有10mm或更大寬度的材料條1116之供應料。該供應捲軸首先會被置設在該第一處理滾筒1222的左邊,例如,然後被以一預定速度持續地移位至右邊或另一側。
要開始製造該帶1110時,該材料條1116的起始端會以拉緊狀態由第一處理滾筒1222朝向第二處理滾筒1224延伸。並繞該第二處理滾筒1224再回到第一處理滾筒1222而形成一第一圈的封閉螺卷1226。為封閉該第一圈的封閉螺卷1226,該材料條1116的起始端會在一點1228處接合於其第一圈的末端。如後所述,該螺旋捲繞材料條1116的相鄰迴圈會被以機械、熱及/或黏著手段來互相接合。
因此,後續各圈的封閉螺卷1226會被藉以一如第12圖中之箭號所示的共同方向轉動第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224,而將該材料條1116饋送至該第一處理滾筒1222上來製成。於此同時,正剛被捲繞於該第一處理滾筒1222上的材料條1116,會被以例如機械及/或黏接或任何其它適當的手段來連續地接合於已在該第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224上者,以製成更多圈的封閉螺卷1226。
此程序會持續到該封閉螺卷1226當沿該第一處理滾筒1222或第二處理滾筒1224的軸向測量已具有一所需寬度時為止。於此時,尚未被捲繞在第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224上的材料條1116會被切斷,且由之製成的封閉螺卷1226較好會被修整以使該織物的二邊緣平行,並達到一要被使用於造紙機上的所需寬度,嗣再由該第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224移除來提供本發明的帶1110。
一種用以將該等相鄰材料條縫合或固接在一起的方法,依據本發明之一實施例,係以超音波焊接相鄰的條帶邊緣,並同時提供一側向壓力以使該等邊緣保持互相接觸。例如,該焊接裝置的一部份能固持一條帶,較好該條帶已被捲繞成一螺旋狀,來下抵一支撐滾筒,而該裝置的另一部份會推迫另一條帶,較好該條帶正被退捲,來上抵該被下壓的條帶。
應用超音波間隙焊接會造成一非常強固的黏合。相較而言,以時間模式或能量模式的超音波焊接亦為已知的傳統超音波焊接,但會產生一被描述為易脆的黏合。因此,乃可推論一由超音波間隙焊接所形成的黏合相對於傳統的超音波焊接係為較佳。
另一種將相鄰條帶固接在一起的方法,依據本發明之一實施例,係塗敷一黏劑於相鄰條帶的末端並接合它們。請瞭解一填充材料可被用來填滿該等條帶沒有互相接觸的間隙或部份。
另一種將相鄰材料條固接在一起的方法,依據本發明之一實施例,係使用一雷射焊接技術來焊接該等相鄰條帶。雷射焊接比超音波焊接更佳之一優點係雷射焊接能被以100米/分範圍內的速度來完成,而超音波焊接只有一大約10米/分的頂端速度。添加一吸光性顏料或墨汁吸收劑於該等條帶的邊緣亦可有助於集中該雷射的熱效應。吸收劑可為黑色墨汁或肉眼不能看見的近紅外線顏料,例如該等被“Clearweld”所利用者。該條帶的靠抵邊緣可被製成能改良對使用時被拖拉分開的阻抗性。邊緣可被以一角度削修或以其它方式成形,譬如在Hansen共同擁有的No. 6,630,223美國專利中所示者,其揭露併此附送參考。
本用以製造帶1110的方法和系統係十分多變而可適於製造多種縱向和橫向尺寸的造紙機及/或工業用織物或帶。此即是說,藉著實施本發明,製造者將不再須要針對一造紙機上之一指定位置來製造一適當長度和寬度之無端編織或平織再縫合的織物。而,該製造者只須以適當距離分開該第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224,決定該帶1110的大約長度,及將該材料條1116捲繞在第一處理滾筒1222和第二處理滾筒1224上,直到該封閉螺卷1226已達到該大約的所需寬度為止。
又,因該帶1110係螺旋地捲繞一材料條1116所製成,且並非一織造織物,故該帶1110的外表面1112是平滑而連續的,且沒有結點其會阻止一織造織物的表面呈完全地平滑。較好是,該材料條可為一熱塑性材料條,譬如一薄膜或薄片,並可由任何聚合材料所製成,較好為聚酯(PET)。但是,其它的材料譬如其它聚酯類(例如聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN))或聚苯硫化物(PPS)亦可被使用。聚醯胺或聚醚乙醚酮(PEEK)亦可被使用。至於二或更多層的疊層,各層係可相同或由不同材料所形成。該薄膜或薄片可為單軸或雙軸定向的且在MD和CD具有足夠的模數和穩定性而能以預定方式來操作。此外,該薄膜或薄片可在MD或CD,或該MD和CD,或在任何隨意方向含有補強纖維。該等補強纖維可藉由一擠出或押出製法來被含納,其中該等纖維可隨著形成該薄膜或薄片的材料而被擠出或押出。補強纖維可由一高模數材料製成,例如芳族聚醯胺,包括但不限於:和,而可對該薄膜或薄片提供額外的強度、模數和破裂阻抗性。
或者,該材料條可為一種非織材料條,其係由一低熔點纖維例如聚醯胺所形成,而可例如藉針刺法或其它適當手段來梳理或固化,並可例如使該材料條通過一加熱滾筒軋口來被熔凝,以在該材料條之一或兩面上造成一平滑的表面。該非織材料亦可包含一些不同的材料混合物,譬如一低熔點和高熔點纖維的組合,例如90%的低熔點聚醯胺6與10%的PA6,6組合,或任何所擇的其它組合來賦予一所需的特性。或者,該非織材料的一部份可包含雙成分纖維,譬如鞘/蕊式纖維,其可在外側具有該低熔點材料且在內側具有機能性材料。該材料條亦可被塗層,例如使用一聚氨酯樹脂來提供添增的織物平滑度。該塗層能加強該材料條的片張釋離性及/或結構整體性。上述的結構物嗣可被以一如前所述的方式來打孔。
本發明的織物可在使用該等材料條所形成的基材頂上或底下含有一或更多的附加層,其僅為提供功能性而非補強。例如,所用的該等附加層可為任何以下者:編織或非織材料,MD及/或CD紗陣列,其寬度小於該織物寬度之螺旋捲繞的織造材料條,纖維網疋,薄膜,或它們之一組合,並可使用一般熟習該技術者所知的任何適當技術來被附接於該基材。以熱黏合和化學結合的層合係僅為少數之例。
使用一所述的織物可造成一具有高夾徑和低密度的衛生紙和紙巾片,乃為一非預期的結果。該高夾徑和低密度會造成一更柔軟的衛生紙或紙巾產品並具有增加的吸收性,此兩者皆為非常需要的特性。
最後,本發明的織物可容許該造紙製程能被以一較寬組列的織物起縐百分比,單位重量及/或增加的回收纖維含量來進行,並可因增加操作製程參數的範圍而產生可觀價值。
雖本發明之一較佳實施例及其修正例已被詳細描述如上,但請瞭解本發明並不限於此明確的實施例和修正例等,且其它的修正例和變化例亦可被一熟習該技術者作成,而不超出如所附申請專利範圍所界定之本發明的精神與範圍。
10...造紙機
12...成形段
14...織物道
16...鞋壓段
18...起縐織物
20...楊基乾燥機
22,24...成形織物
26~36,50~55,68~72...滾筒
38...成形滾筒
40...頭箱
42,58...軋口
44...料疋
46...真空箱
48...壓著織物
56...鞋壓滾筒
60...轉移滾筒
62...壓力鞋
64...光滑表面
66...沿機器方向
74...軋口滾筒
76...起縐軋口
80...楊基滾筒
82...轉移軋口
84...表面
88...楊基罩
89...起縐刮刀
90...捲收滾筒
102...貫穿孔隙
104...織物
106,902...頂面
108...內表面
110...開口
112...開口
114,904...底面
202,312...入射光輻射
204,206,804,806,808...突緣
208...頂部
300...系統
302,322...織物
304...貫穿孔隙
306...雷射裝置
308...雷射驅動單元
310...雷射頭
314...噴嘴
316...固定具
320...貫孔產生裝置
500...流程圖
502~532...各步驟
602,604,702,704,1010,1012...織物影像
1014,1016...表面開口
1110...造紙機帶
1112...內表面
1114...外表面
1116...聚合材料條
1220...製造裝置
1222,1224...處理滾筒
1226...封閉螺卷
1228...接合點
△x1...x方向直徑
△y1...y方向直徑
第1A和1B圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一具有貫穿孔隙的織物之一例;
第2A圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一具有貫穿孔隙的織物截面之一例;
第2B圖係為依據本發明之一具有分支孔隙結構的織物截面之一例;
第3A圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一用以產生具有貫穿孔隙的織物之系統方塊圖;
第3B圖示出依據本發明之一態樣之一用於在一織物中產生貫穿孔隙的裝置;
第4圖係為用於一造紙製程中的造紙機之示意圖;
第5圖係為依據本發明之一態樣之一描述在一織物中產生貫孔的製程之流程圖;
第6圖示出一依據本發明之一態樣來被鑽孔的織物之影像;
第7圖示出一依據本發明之另一態樣來被鑽孔的織物之影像;
第8A~G圖示出一依據本發明之一態樣來被鑽孔的疊層織物之影像;
第9圖示出對應於第8G圖之鑽設貫孔的頂和底面之影像;
第10圖示出若干依據本發明之又另一態樣所產生的貫穿孔隙;
第11圖係為一依據本發明之一態樣的織物之立體圖;及
第12圖示出一可藉以構製本發明之織物的方法。
102...貫穿孔隙
104...織物
106...頂面
108...內表面
110...開口
△x1...x方向直徑
△y1...y方向直徑
Claims (28)
- 一種造紙織物,其包含多數的貫穿孔隙,該等貫穿孔隙各包含:一第一開口與該織物之一頂面相關聯;一第二開口與該織物之一底面相關聯;及至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於該等第一和第二開口的至少一者,其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之造紙織物,其中該等貫穿孔隙的每一者包括一實質上呈錐形或圓筒形的內表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之造紙織物,其中該第一凸升邊緣是在一高度水平其係高於該頂面約5~10μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之造紙織物,其中該第二凸升邊緣是在一高度水平其係低於該底面約5~10μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之造紙織物,其中該等貫穿孔隙係被形成於一形成該造紙織物之一或更多層的材料條中。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之造紙織物,其中該材料條係為一薄膜、薄片或一非織材料條。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之造紙織物,其中該薄膜或薄片包含沿MD或CD,或MD和CD,或沿一隨意方向的補強纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之造紙織物,其中該非織材料條係被塗層以加強片張釋離,及/或結構整體性。
- 一種用於在一造紙織物中製成貫穿孔隙的系統,該系統包含:一光源可操作來產生入射光輻射;一驅動單元耦接於該光源並適於控制至少一與該入射光輻射相關聯的特性;及一裝置可操作來固持該織物並促成該光源與該織物之間的相對運動,以使該入射光輻射穿透該織物而產生該等貫穿孔隙;其中所產生的貫穿孔隙各包括至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於一被造設在與該織物相關聯的頂面和底面之至少一者上的開口,及其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該入射光輻射包含一聚焦的雷射輸出。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該裝置包含多數的馬達化構件可操作來對該織物提供沿一或多個方向的運動,及對一與該光源相關聯的射頭提供運動,其中該射頭係適於相對於該織物沿一x,y或z方向移動。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該至少一與該入射光輻射相關聯的特性包含輸出功率。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該至少一與該入射光輻射相關聯的特性包含調制特性。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,更包含射束成形構件等 用以在對該織物施加該入射光輻射之前先成形該入射光輻射。
- 一種在一造紙織物中產生貫穿孔隙的方法,該方法包含:製成一與該織物之一頂面相關聯的第一開口;製成一與該織物之一底面相關聯的第二開口;及製成至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於該第一和第二開口的至少一者,其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 一種在一造紙織物中產生貫穿孔隙的方法,包含:產生用以衝擊該織物的入射光輻射;及控制至少一與該入射光輻射相關聯的特性,而使該入射光輻射產生貫穿孔隙,其各包括至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於一被造設在與該織物相關聯的頂面和底面之至少一者上的開口,及其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該各貫穿孔隙包含一實質上呈錐形或圓筒形的內表面區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中控制至少一與該入射光輻射相關聯的特性乃包含產生貫穿孔隙等其各包括一頂面開口具有一比一底面開口更大的表面積。
- 一種造紙織物,包含:一或更多螺旋捲繞的聚合材料條,其中該等螺旋捲 繞的聚合材料條之相鄰條等係被耦接,該等螺旋捲繞條含有多數的貫穿孔隙其各包含:一第一開口與該織物之一頂面相關聯;一第二開口與該織物之一底面相關聯;及至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於該等第一和第二開口的至少一者,其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之造紙織物,更包含:一或更多層的織造或非織材料,MD和CD紗陣列,具有一寬度小於該帶或套筒之寬度的螺旋捲繞織造材料條,纖維網疋,薄膜,或其之一組合,其中該一或更多層係形成於該等螺旋捲繞條的頂上或底下。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之造紙織物,其中該一或更多的螺旋捲繞條係螺旋地捲繞來形成一所需寬度或長度的織物。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之造紙織物,其中該等相鄰條係被使用雷射、紅外線、及超音波焊接的至少一者來耦接。
- 一種造紙織物,包含:聚合材料條等呈螺旋地捲繞而使該螺旋捲繞的聚合材料之相鄰條等被耦接形成一帶;及多數的貫穿孔隙分佈在所形成的帶上,其中該等貫穿孔隙包含至少一凸升邊緣環周地鄰接於與該等多數分佈的貫穿孔隙之各者相關聯之一第一和第二開口的 至少一者,及其中該凸升邊緣在該開口周圍形成一連續凸升突緣。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之造紙織物,更包含:一或更多層的織造或非織材料,MD和CD紗陣列,具有一寬度小於該帶或套筒之寬度的螺旋捲繞織造材料條,纖維網疋,薄膜,或其之一組合,其中該一或更多層係形成於該等螺旋捲繞條的頂上或底下。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之造紙織物,其中該一或更多的螺旋捲繞條係螺旋地捲繞來形成一所需寬度或長度的織物。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之造紙織物,其中該等相鄰條係被使用雷射、紅外線、及超音波焊接的至少一者來耦接。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、19或23項之造紙織物,其中該織物係一包含二或更多層的疊層。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之造紙織物,其中於一第一層中的貫穿孔隙具有與於一第二層中的貫穿孔隙不同的尺寸。
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2010
- 2010-01-27 PL PL10701441.7T patent/PL2391754T3/pl unknown
- 2010-01-27 KR KR1020117020032A patent/KR101755204B1/ko active Active
- 2010-01-27 RU RU2011131140/12A patent/RU2526681C2/ru active
- 2010-01-27 CN CN201080009755.8A patent/CN102439211B/zh active Active
- 2010-01-27 WO PCT/US2010/022250 patent/WO2010088283A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-01-27 EP EP10702198.2A patent/EP2391768B1/en active Active
- 2010-01-27 CA CA2753350A patent/CA2753350C/en active Active
- 2010-01-27 ES ES10701441.7T patent/ES2582007T3/es active Active
- 2010-01-27 RU RU2011131143/12A patent/RU2519923C2/ru active
- 2010-01-27 MX MX2011007973A patent/MX337965B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-01-27 MX MX2011007972A patent/MX2011007972A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-01-27 PL PL10702198T patent/PL2391768T3/pl unknown
- 2010-01-27 BR BRPI1007356-6A patent/BRPI1007356B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-01-27 EP EP10701441.7A patent/EP2391754B1/en active Active
- 2010-01-27 JP JP2011548254A patent/JP5600123B2/ja active Active
- 2010-01-27 CA CA2986973A patent/CA2986973A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-27 JP JP2011548255A patent/JP5783911B2/ja active Active
- 2010-01-27 KR KR1020117020031A patent/KR101655745B1/ko active Active
- 2010-01-27 CN CN201080009743.5A patent/CN102333917B/zh active Active
- 2010-01-27 BR BRPI1007355-8A patent/BRPI1007355B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-01-27 CA CA 2750821 patent/CA2750821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-27 ES ES10702198T patent/ES2879403T3/es active Active
- 2010-01-27 US US12/695,015 patent/US8454800B2/en active Active
- 2010-01-27 WO PCT/US2010/022247 patent/WO2010088280A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-01-27 US US12/695,007 patent/US9903070B2/en active Active
- 2010-01-28 TW TW099102413A patent/TWI529275B/zh active
- 2010-01-28 TW TW099102405A patent/TWI521119B/zh active
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- 2013-05-03 US US13/886,881 patent/US8801903B2/en active Active
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2018
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