DE3206265C2 - Freifließende, sprühgetrocknete Hohlkügelchen zur Herstellung gerüststoffhaltiger Waschmittelteilchen, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und Verwendung dieser zur Bildung von Waschmittel mit nichtionischen Waschaktivstoffen - Google Patents
Freifließende, sprühgetrocknete Hohlkügelchen zur Herstellung gerüststoffhaltiger Waschmittelteilchen, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und Verwendung dieser zur Bildung von Waschmittel mit nichtionischen WaschaktivstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- DE3206265C2 DE3206265C2 DE3206265A DE3206265A DE3206265C2 DE 3206265 C2 DE3206265 C2 DE 3206265C2 DE 3206265 A DE3206265 A DE 3206265A DE 3206265 A DE3206265 A DE 3206265A DE 3206265 C2 DE3206265 C2 DE 3206265C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- zeolite
- weight
- detergent
- hollow beads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 51
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 35
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 31
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 15
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229960003390 magnesium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- CNGYZEMWVAWWOB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 5-[[4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[[4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound N=1C(NC=2C=C(C(\C=C\C=3C(=CC(NC=4N=C(N=C(NC=5C=CC=CC=5)N=4)N(CCO)CCO)=CC=3)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 CNGYZEMWVAWWOB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 Epsom salts Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000212342 Sium Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001366278 Leptotes marina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150112468 OR51E2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003625 amylolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010019077 beta-Amylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical class O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYHPANJAVIEQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarboxy carbonate Chemical group OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(O)=O SYHPANJAVIEQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005336 magnesium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002538 magnesium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUHCLAKJJGMPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;hydrogen carbonate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O OUHCLAKJJGMPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002374 sebum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000031 sodium sesquicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0084—Antioxidants; Free-radical scavengers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/126—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in solid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23861981A | 1981-02-26 | 1981-02-26 | |
| US23862081A | 1981-02-26 | 1981-02-26 | |
| US27955081A | 1981-07-01 | 1981-07-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3206265A1 DE3206265A1 (de) | 1982-11-04 |
| DE3206265C2 true DE3206265C2 (de) | 1987-04-09 |
Family
ID=27399126
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3206265A Expired DE3206265C2 (de) | 1981-02-26 | 1982-02-20 | Freifließende, sprühgetrocknete Hohlkügelchen zur Herstellung gerüststoffhaltiger Waschmittelteilchen, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und Verwendung dieser zur Bildung von Waschmittel mit nichtionischen Waschaktivstoffen |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT388172B (da) |
| AU (1) | AU549000B2 (da) |
| BR (1) | BR8200996A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1188953A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH652416A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE3206265C2 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK160885C (da) |
| DO (1) | DOP1982003096A (da) |
| ES (1) | ES8305412A1 (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2500475B1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB2097419B (da) |
| GR (1) | GR76028B (da) |
| HK (1) | HK36190A (da) |
| IE (1) | IE52739B1 (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1147643B (da) |
| MX (1) | MX158565A (da) |
| NL (1) | NL8200804A (da) |
| NO (1) | NO153736C (da) |
| NZ (1) | NZ199773A (da) |
| PT (1) | PT74486B (da) |
| SE (2) | SE452773B (da) |
| ZW (2) | ZW3282A1 (da) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3206379A1 (de) * | 1981-02-26 | 1982-12-02 | Colgate-Palmolive Co., 10022 New York, N.Y. | Freifliessende spruehgetrocknete hohlkuegelchen und aus ihnen herstellbare waschmittelzusammensetzungen |
Families Citing this family (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE20476T1 (de) * | 1983-04-08 | 1986-07-15 | Procter & Gamble | Granulierte detergenszusammensetzungen, welche ein gemischtes polymerzusatzsystem enthalten. |
| US4490271A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-12-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing polyethylene glycol and polyacrylate |
| US4510066A (en) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-04-09 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Retarding setting of crutcher slurry for manufacturing base beads for detergent compositions |
| FR2568790B1 (fr) * | 1984-08-10 | 1990-01-12 | Rhone Poulenc Chim Base | Procede d'obtention d'une suspension aqueuse stable et pompable de zeolite et suspension ainsi obtenue |
| DE3444960A1 (de) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-06-12 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Koerniges adsorptionsmittel |
| SE466963B (sv) * | 1984-12-24 | 1992-05-04 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Textilmjukgoerande hoegverkande flytande detergent med stabil viskositet |
| CA1297376C (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1992-03-17 | David Philip Jones | Detergent compositions, components therefor, and processes for theirpreparation |
| GB8526999D0 (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1985-12-04 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| DE3545947A1 (de) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-07-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Phosphatfreies, granulares waschmittel |
| GB8607388D0 (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1986-04-30 | Unilever Plc | Activator compositions |
| CA1286563C (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1991-07-23 | Jan Hendrik Eertink | Detergent powders and processes for preparing them |
| GB8609044D0 (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1986-05-21 | Unilever Plc | Detergent powders |
| DE3641314A1 (de) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-06-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Waeschenachbehandlungsmittel auf der basis von schichtsilikat |
| GB8709057D0 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1987-05-20 | Unilever Plc | Composition for softening fabrics |
| DE3715052A1 (de) * | 1987-05-06 | 1988-11-17 | Degussa | Koerniges adsorptionsmittel |
| DE3717227A1 (de) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-12-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Phosphatfreies waschmittel mit reduzierter inkrustierungstendenz |
| DE3818660A1 (de) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-15 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Freifliessendes, pulvriges geschirrwaschmittel und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
| GB2194793A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1988-03-16 | Unilever Plc | Mottled liquid detergents |
| GB8823008D0 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1988-11-09 | Unilever Plc | Composition for softening fabrics |
| DE3835918A1 (de) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-04-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidhaltigen granulaten |
| GB8918984D0 (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1989-10-04 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| DE3943019A1 (de) * | 1989-12-27 | 1991-07-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Granulares, avivierend wirkendes waschmitteladditiv und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| GB9008462D0 (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1990-06-13 | Ecc Int Ltd | Granules for detergent compositions |
| DE69112970T2 (de) * | 1990-09-28 | 1996-03-21 | Kao Corp | Nichtionische pulverförmige Detergentzusammensetzung. |
| AU649504B2 (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1994-05-26 | Kao Corporation | Nonionic powder detergent composition |
| AU3524093A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-09-30 | Kao Corporation | Nonionic powdery detergent composition and process for producing the same |
| AU4324693A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-04 | Unilever Plc | Machine dishwashing composition |
| AU660101B2 (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1995-06-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company, The | Heavy duty laundry detergent compositions of reduced dye transfer properties |
| TR27896A (tr) * | 1993-08-05 | 1995-10-11 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Boya transferi özellikleri düsürülmüs agir is camasir deterjani bilesimleri. |
| DE19538029A1 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Sued Chemie Ag | Waschmittelzusatz |
| DE19538028A1 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Sued Chemie Ag | Waschmittelzusatz |
| US5726142A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-03-10 | The Dial Corp | Detergent having improved properties and method of preparing the detergent |
| US5962389A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-10-05 | The Dial Corporation | Detergent having improved color retention properties |
| DE19858888A1 (de) * | 1998-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Verhinderung von Ablagerungen |
| CN1163580C (zh) * | 1998-12-28 | 2004-08-25 | 花王株式会社 | 表面活性剂载体颗粒的制造方法 |
| GB2348435A (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-04 | Procter & Gamble | Softening compositions |
| GB2348434A (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-04 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| EP1104803B1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2007-03-07 | Kao Corporation | Granules for carrying surfactant and method for producing the same |
| EP1104806A4 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2004-07-28 | Kao Corp | BASE GRANULATE AND PARTICULATE DETERGENT |
| US6333005B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-12-25 | Hercules Incorporated | Methods of preventing scaling involving inorganic compositions in combination with copolymers of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and compositions therefor |
| JP3249815B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-16 | 2002-01-21 | 花王株式会社 | 洗剤添加用粒子群 |
| DE19938640A1 (de) * | 1999-08-14 | 2001-02-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verhinderung von Ablagerungen |
| DE10032127A1 (de) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Mechanisch stabile Soda-Partikel |
| DE10040631A1 (de) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-03-07 | Wolfram Koch | Vergilbungshemmer für Blue Denim Textilien |
| EP1987120B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2013-09-11 | Unilever PLC | Fast release granules |
| JP5388860B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-16 | 2014-01-15 | 花王株式会社 | 洗剤ビルダー顆粒 |
| US20240156100A1 (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | Ken W Donovan | Odor and microbial mitigation solution |
| CN121219390A (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2025-12-26 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 固体洗涤剂配制品 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166039A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1979-08-28 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Detergent composition and process |
| DE2547389A1 (de) * | 1975-10-23 | 1977-05-05 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Phosphatfreies waschmittel |
| NZ188469A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1980-12-19 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent composition comprising a univalent cation-exchanging zeolite a nonionic detergent and builder salts |
| US4303556A (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1981-12-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Spray-dried detergent compositions |
| GB2063289B (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1984-02-22 | Unilever Ltd | Low phosphate spray-dried powders |
-
1982
- 1982-02-09 AU AU80283/82A patent/AU549000B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-02-10 DO DO1982003096A patent/DOP1982003096A/es unknown
- 1982-02-17 GR GR67338A patent/GR76028B/el unknown
- 1982-02-18 NZ NZ199773A patent/NZ199773A/en unknown
- 1982-02-20 DE DE3206265A patent/DE3206265C2/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-23 ZW ZW32/82A patent/ZW3282A1/xx unknown
- 1982-02-23 ZW ZW33/82A patent/ZW3382A1/xx unknown
- 1982-02-24 AT AT0069082A patent/AT388172B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-24 CH CH1136/82A patent/CH652416A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-25 BR BR8200996A patent/BR8200996A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-25 PT PT74486A patent/PT74486B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-25 IT IT47865/82A patent/IT1147643B/it active
- 1982-02-25 CA CA000397017A patent/CA1188953A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-25 FR FR8203113A patent/FR2500475B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-02-25 DK DK083382A patent/DK160885C/da active
- 1982-02-25 SE SE8201170A patent/SE452773B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-25 NO NO820589A patent/NO153736C/no unknown
- 1982-02-25 ES ES509904A patent/ES8305412A1/es not_active Expired
- 1982-02-26 NL NL8200804A patent/NL8200804A/nl active Search and Examination
- 1982-02-26 GB GB8205685A patent/GB2097419B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-26 MX MX191612A patent/MX158565A/es unknown
- 1982-02-26 IE IE433/82A patent/IE52739B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-09-08 SE SE8703474A patent/SE502089C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-05-10 HK HK361/90A patent/HK36190A/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3206379A1 (de) * | 1981-02-26 | 1982-12-02 | Colgate-Palmolive Co., 10022 New York, N.Y. | Freifliessende spruehgetrocknete hohlkuegelchen und aus ihnen herstellbare waschmittelzusammensetzungen |
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Free format text: STOLBERG-WERNIGERODE, GRAF ZU, U., DIPL.-CHEM. DR.RER.NAT. SUCHANTKE, J., DIPL.-ING. HUBER, A., DIPL.-ING. KAMEKE, VON, A., DIPL.-CHEM. DR.RER.NAT., PAT.-ANWAELTE, 2000 HAMBURG |
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| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |