DE1248643B - Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten AminenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1248643B DE1248643B DENDAT1248643D DE1248643DA DE1248643B DE 1248643 B DE1248643 B DE 1248643B DE NDAT1248643 D DENDAT1248643 D DE NDAT1248643D DE 1248643D A DE1248643D A DE 1248643DA DE 1248643 B DE1248643 B DE 1248643B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- anhydride
- mixture
- water
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/40—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones
- C07D207/404—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. succinimide
- C07D207/408—Radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/412—Acyclic radicals containing more than six carbon atoms
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- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
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- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/54—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
- C07C51/567—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides by reactions not involving carboxylic acid anhydride groups
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- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
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- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHES
PATENTAMT
AUSLEGESCHRIFT
Int. Cl.:
C 07 c
13 ψ
Deutsche Kl.: 12 ο - 21
Nummer: 1 248 643
Aktenzeichen: L 35070IV b/12
Anmeldetag: 7. Januar 1960
Auslegetag: 31. August 1967
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen acylierten Aminen, welches dadurch
gekennzeichnet ist, daß man eine substituierte Bernsteinsäure der allgemeinen Formel
CHCOOH
CH3COOH
oder deren Anhydrid der allgemeinen Formel
CH3COOH
oder deren Anhydrid der allgemeinen Formel
R
CH-CO.
CH-CO.
CH9CO
in der R ein von einem Polyolefin abgeleiteter aliphatischer oder ein von einem Mischpolymerisat aus
Styrol und einem Olefin, welches mehr als 90 % Olefineinheiten
enthält, abgeleiteter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 50 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, mit mindestens
der halben äquivalenten Menge, vorzugsweise mit der äquivalenten Menge eines Äthylenamins der
allgemeinen Formel
H2N- /CH2- CH- NHX-H
in der χ eine ganze Zahl und R1 einen niedrigmolekularen
Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, oder deren technischen Gemischen bei Temperaturen
von 80 bis 2000C unter Entfernung des bei der Reaktion
gebildeten Wassers kondensiert.
Die nach der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine eignen sich besonders als Zusätze für Schmiermittel,
die im Motorgehäuse von Verbrennungsmotoren verwendet werden.
Im Motorgehäuse von Verbrennungsmotoren tritt eine unvermeidliche Verschmutzung des Schmiermittels
durch Fremdkörper, wie Verunreinigungen, Kohleteilchen, Wasser und Zerfallsprodukte des Öls selbst,
ein.
Die wichtigste dieser Verunreinigungen ist wahr-
Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen
acylierten Aminen
acylierten Aminen
Anmelder:
The Lubrizol Corporation,
Cleveland, Ohio (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:
Dr. E. Jung und Dr. V. Vossius, Patentanwälte,
München 23, Siegesstr. 26
Als Erfinder benannt:
William M. LeSuer, Cleveland, Ohio;
George R. Norman, Lyndhurst, Ohio (V. St. A.)
Beanspruchte Priorität:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 30. März 1959 (802 667)
scheinlich das Wasser, welches offensichtlich dafür verantwortlich ist, daß sich ein dickflüssiger Schlamm
absetzt. Bei Abwesenheit von Wasser würden wahrscheinlich die festen Bestandteile dieses Schlammes
mit dem Öl umlaufen und durch den Ölfilter beseitigt. Durch das Absetzen dieses Schlammes wird daher das
Arbeiten des Motors beeinflußt; es ist deshalb wünsehenswert, das Absetzen des Schlammes zu verhindern.
Die Gegenwart von Wasser und die Bildung von Schlamm in einem Schmieröl hängen weitgehend von
der Betriebstemperatur des Öls ab. Bei hoher Betriebstemperatur verdampft das Wasser, sobald es sich ansammelt.
Die anderen Fremdstoff^ werden dann durch den Filter beseitigt. Bei niedrigen Öltemperaturen
sammelt sich jedoch Wasser an und ermöglicht die Schlammbildung. Die Bedingungen, denen ein Schmiermittel
im Motorgehäuse ausgesetzt ist, bestimmen weitgehend auch die Leistung dieses Schmiermittels.
Hohe Arbeitstemperaturen treten in einem Motor auf, der mit verhältnismäßig konstanter hoher Drehzahl
umläuft. In diesem Fall ist eine Wasseransammlung und damit die Bildung und das Absetzen von
Schlamm sehr unwahrscheinlich. Beim Kurzstreckenbetrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist hingegen das Schmiermittel
im Motorgehäuse abwechselnd warm und kalt,
709 639/564
wodurch die Wasseransammlung begünstigt wird. In diesem Fall ist die Schlammbildung ein ernstliches
Problem, das auch durch den Zusatz von bekannten Reinigungsmitteln, wie Metallphenaten und -sulfonaten
von Erdalkalimetallen, nicht befriedigend gelöst werden konnte. Obwohl diese bekannten Reinigungsmittel,
z.B. Salze eines mehrwertigen Metalls von einem Monoamid der 2,5-endo-Äthylen-/13,4-cyclohexen-l,6-dicarbonsäure
oder dem Kondensationsprodukt eines solchen Amids mit einem Alkanthiol, die Schlammbildung in Motorölen bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen
zufriedenstellend verhindern, ist ihre Wirkung bei niedrigen Betriebstemperaturen oder
dann, wenn das Schmiermittel im Motorgehäuse abwechselnd warm und kalt ist, beträchtlich geringer.
Als metallfreie Korrosionsschutzmittel hat man auch bereits Amide von durch Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylgruppen
substituierten Bernsteinsäuren oder Bernsteinsäureanhydriden verwendet, deren Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylgruppen
jedoch höchstens 12 oder 15 Kohlenstoffatome enthielten (vgl. die USA.-Patentschriften
2 604 451, 2 588 412 und 2 540 800). Diese Korrohutzmittel wirken aber nicht als Dispergierihre
Substituenten zu klein sind.
e Verwendung von Amiden aliphatischer Daliphatischer Carbonsäuren mit 6 bis 24 ffatomen und Hydroxylderivaten aliphatischer Amine führte nicht zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis (vgl. die britische Patentschrift 681 554).
e Verwendung von Amiden aliphatischer Daliphatischer Carbonsäuren mit 6 bis 24 ffatomen und Hydroxylderivaten aliphatischer Amine führte nicht zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis (vgl. die britische Patentschrift 681 554).
Die genannten Schwierigkeiten werden dadurch gelöst, daß man den Mineralschmierölen die nach dem
Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine in Mengen von etwa 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent als
Dispergiermittel zusetzt.
Die nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten öllöslichen acylierten Amine können aus einfachen
acyclischen Diamiden, cyclischen Diamiden, polymeren
Amiden oder Mischungen dieser Amide bestehen. Ferner können durch weitere Umsetzung von Amidgruppen
auch Imidgruppen gebildet werden. Außerdem können noch Aminosäuresalze in dieser Mischung
vorhanden sein.
Die Größe des Substituenten der als Ausgangsstoff für das Verfahren der Erfindung dienenden Bernsteinsäure
oder deren Anhydrid ist von besonderer Bedeutung. Es ist nämlich wichtig, daß dieser Substituent
mindestens 50 Kohlenstoffatome enthält. Die Ausgangsstoffe dieser aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten
sind Polyolefine, beispielsweise Polyäthylen, Polypropylen und vorzugsweise Po'yisobutylen.
Die Kondensation eines Polyisobutylene mit einem Molekulargewicht von 750 mit Maleinsäureanhydrid
ergibt ein Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, welches bei der weiteren Umsetzung mit einem Äthylenamin
der nachstehend wiedergegebenen allgemeinen
ao Formel ein besonders wirkungsvolles Schmieröldispergiermittel
darstellt. Polyisobutylene dieses besonderen Molekulargewichts sind im Handel erhältlich und auf
Grund der Wirksamkeit der daraus erzeugten Stoffe für das Verfahren der Erfindung besonders geeignet.
Der Substituent kann sich auch von einem Mischpolymerisat aus unsubstituiertem oder substituiertem
Styrol und Isobutylen oder anderen aliphatischen Olefinen ableiten, das mehr als 90% Olefineinheiten
enthält.
Die substituierten Bernsteinsäuren und deren Anhydride, mit deren Hilfe die Amine acyliert werden,
sind neue Verbindungen, die sich durch Erwärmen von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem hochmolekularen Olefin
oder chlorierten hochmolekularen Olefin auf etwa 150 bis 2000C herstellen lassen, wie durch die folgenden
Formelbilder veranschaulicht wird:
CHCO
R — CH = CH2 +
CHCO
R-CH = CHCHCO
CH2CO
CHCO
R-CH2CH2Cl +
CHCO
R-CH-= CHCHCO
CH2CO
:o 4 HCi
Es ist jedoch nicht sicher, ob die Umsetzung genau nach diesem Formelbild abläuft, besonders im Hinblick
auf das Kohlenstoffatom des hochmolekularen Olefins oder chlorierten hochmolekularen Olefins, das
mit der Maleinsäure oder deren Anhydrid umgesetzt wird.
Substituierte Bernsteinsäureanhydride und deren Derivate sind seit einiger Zeit bekannt (vgl. die USA.-Patentschrift
2 133 734). Es ist ebenfalls bekannt, daß diese Verbindungen auf Grund ihrer rost- bzw. korrosionsverhindernden
Eigenschaften und ihres Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhaltens als Schmiermittelzusätze
geeignet sind (vgl. die USA.-Patentschrift 2 334 158). Derartige Zusätze weisen jedoch keine Dispergierwirkung
auf. Im Gegensatz hierzu eignen sich die nach der Erfindung herstellbaren acylierten Amine
infolge der großen Kettenlänge des Substituenten R in der substituierten Bernsteinsäure bzw. deren Anhydrid
sehr gut als Dispergiermittel in Schmierölen.
Das substituierte Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wird unmittelbar mit dem Äthylenamin umgesetzt oder vorher
in die Säure umgewandelt.
Unter »Äthylenamin« sind Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel
H2N-(CH2CHNH)^H
zu verstehen, in der χ eine ganze Zahl ist und R1
einen niedrigmolekularen Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, beispielsweise Äthylendiamin, Diäthylentriamin,
Triäthylentetramin, Tetraäthylenpentamin, Pentaäthylenhexamin. Diese Verbindungen sind
im einzelnen in Abschnitt »Ethylene Amines« in Kirk-Othmer, »Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology«,
Bd. 5, 1950, S. 898 bis 905, beschrieben.
Diese Stoffe werden am zweckmäßigsten durch Umsetzung
von Äthylendichlorid mit Ammoniak hergestellt, wobei Mischungen von Äthylenaminen einschließlich
cyclischer Kondensationsprodukte, wie Piperazine, erhalten werden. Auch aus reinen Älhylendi-
bzw. -polyaminen können die acylierten Amine hergestellt werden. Ein wegen seiner leichten und
billigen Zugänglichkeit und seiner Dispergiereigenschaften besonders geeignetes acyliertes Amin wird
hergestellt aus einer Mischung von durch Umsetzung von Äthylenchlorid und Ammoniak hergestellten
Äthylenaminen, deren Zusammensetzung dem Tetraäthylenpentamin entspricht. Dieser Stoff ist unter dem
Handelsnamen »Polyamine H« erhältlich.
Wie bereits bemerkt, muß mindestens die halbe
äquivalente Menge an Di- bzw. Polyamin je Äquivalent des substituierten Bernsteinsäureanhydrids verwendet
werden, damit die acylierten Amine zufriedenstellende Dispersionseigenschaften besitzen. Vorzugsweise setzt
man die Ausgangsstoffe in äquivalenten Mengen ein.
Die chemische »Äquivalenz« des Äthylenamins bezieht sich auf den Stickstoffgehalt, d. h., ein Amin mit
4 Stickstoffatomen je Molekül enthält 4 Äquivalente
to je Mol.
Die Umsetzung erfolgt unter Abspaltung von Wasser,
das bei der Bildung entfernt wird. Nach der Salzbildung ist wahrscheinlich die erste Stufe die Bildung
eines Halbamids:
R — CHCO
CH2CO
CH2CO
H2NR1 R — CHCOOH
CH2CONHR1
gefolgt von der Salzbildung:
R — CHCOOH R — CHCOOeH3N93R1
+ H2NR1 —->
CH2CONHR1 CH2CONHR1
und schließlich der Dehydratisierung dieses Salzes unter Bildung des acylierten Amins:
R — CHCOOH3N^1
CH2CONHR1
CH2CONHR1
R — CHCONHR1
CH2CONHR1
Wie bereits erwähnt, bilden sich auch Imide.
Die ersten beiden Stufen scheinen bei der Mischung von selbst zu verlaufen, während die dritte Stufe
Erwärmung benötigt. Temperaturen im Bereich von etwa 80 bis 2000C genügen, und Temperaturen zwisehen
etwa 100 und 16O0C sind vorzuziehen. Zur Entfernung des Wassers wird besonders Toluol als
Schleppmittel zugegeben und das Wasser azeotrop abdestilliert.
Die Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung.
Ein Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polyisobutylens
mit Maleinsäureanhydrid bei 2000C hergestellt. Der Polyisobutenylrest hatte ein Molekulargewicht von
850, und das gebildete Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte eine Säurezahl von 113 (entsprechend einem
Äquivalentgewicht von 500).
Zu einer Mischung aus 500 g (1 Grammäquivalent) dieses Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids und 160 g
Toluol wurden bei Zimmertemperatur 35 g (1,02 Grammäquivalente) Diäthylentriamin gegeben.
Die Zugabe erfolgte portionsweise im Verlauf von 15 Minuten, und eine anfängliche exotherme Reaktion
verursachte einen Temperaturanstieg auf 500C. Die Mischung wurde dann erwärmt und ein azeotropes
Gemisch aus Wasser und Toluol aus der Mischung abdestilliert. Nachdem kein Wasser mehr abdestillierte,
wurde die Mischung bei 20 Torr auf 1500C erhitzt, um das Toluol zu entfernen. Der Rückstand
wurde mit 350 g Mineralöl verdünnt. Der Stickstoffgehalt dieser Lösung betrug 1,6%·
Das Beispiel 1 wurde unter Verwendung von 31 g (1 Grammäquivalent) Äthylendiamin wiederholt. Der
Stickstoffgehalt der Lösung des Endproduktes in Mineralöl war 1,4 °/0.
Das Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt unter Verwendung von 55,5 g (1,5 Grammäquivalente) einer Äthylenaminmischung,
deren Zusammensetzung der des Triäthylentetramins entsprach. Der Stickstoffgehalt der
Lösung des Endproduktes war 1,9 °/0.
Das Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt unter Verwendung von 55,0 g (1,5 Grammäquivalente) Triäthylentetramin.
Der Stickstoffgehalt der Lösung des Endproduktes war 2,2 %.
Eine Mischung aus 140 g Toluol und 400 g (0,78 Grammäquivalente) eines Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
(mit einer Säurezahl von 109, hergestellt aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und dem chlorierten
Polyisobutylen nach Beispiel 1) wurde bei Zimmertemperatur mit 63,6 g (1,55 Grammäquivalente) einer
Äthylenaminmischung versetzt, deren durchschnittliche Zusammensetzung dem Tetraäthylenpentamin
entsprach und die unter dem Handelsnamen »Polyamine H« bekannt ist. Die Mischung wurde erhitzt,
um das azeotrope Gemisch aus Wasser und Toluol
abzudestillieren und dann bei 20 Torr zur Beseitigung des Toluols auf 1500C erhitzt. Das zurückbleibende
Polyamid hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 4,7%.
Das Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt unter Verwendung von 46 g (1,5 Grammäquivalente) Äthylendiamin. Die
Lösung des Endprodukts hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,5%.
Ein Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit der Säurezahl 105 und einem Äquivalentgewicht von 540
wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polyisobutylens (mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht
von 1050 und einem Chlorgehalt von 4,3%) und Maleinsäureanhydrid hergestellt. Eine Mischung aus
300 Gewichtsteilen des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids und 160 Gewichtsteilen Mineralöl wurde
bei 65 bis 950C mit einer äquivalenten Menge (25 Gewichtsteile)
»Polyamine H« (vgl. Beispiel 5) versetzt. Die Mischung wurde dann auf 15O0C erhitzt, um alles
bei der Reaktion gebildete Wasser auszutreiben. Um auch die letzten Wasserspuren zu entfernen, wurde
bei dieser Temperatur Stickstoff durch die Mischung geblasen. Der Rückstand wurde mit 79 Gewichtsteilen Mineralöl verdünnt, und diese Öllösung hatte
einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,6 %.
Eine Mischung aus 2112 g (3,9 Grammäquivalente) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids nach Beispiel
7, 136 g (3,9 Grammäquivalente) Diäthylentriamin und 1060 g Mineralöl wurde 1 Stunde auf 140
bis 1500C erhitzt. Während weiterer 4 Stunden wurde
Stickstoff bei dieser Temperatur durch die Mischung geblasen, um das Wasser zu entfernen. Der Rückstand
wurde mit 420 g Mineralöl verdünnt, und diese Öllösung hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,3%.
Zu einer Lösung aus 1000 g (1,87 Grammäquivalente) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
nach Beispiel 7 in 500 g Mineralöl wurden bei 85 bis 95 0C 70 g (1,87 Grammäquivalente) Tetraäthylenpentamin
zugegeben. Die Mischung wurde dann 4 Stunden auf 150 bis 165°C erhitzt, wobei Stickstoff
durchgeblasen wurde, um das Wasser zu entfernen. Der Rückstand wurde mit 200 g Mineralöl
verdünnt, und diese Öllösung hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,4 %.
Ein Polypropenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polypropylens (mit
einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 900 und einem Chlorgehalt von 4%) mit Maleinsäureanhydrid bei
2000C hergestellt. Das Produkt hat eine Säurezahl von
75. Zu einer Mischung aus 390 g (0,52 Grammäquivalente) dieses Polypropenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids,
500 g Toluol und 170 g Mineralöl wurden portionsweise 22 g (0,52 Grammäquivalente) »Polyamine H«
(vgl. Beispiel 5) gegeben. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt und das
Wasser azeotrop mit Toluol entfernt; das restliche Toluol wurde dann durch Erhitzen auf 1500C bei
20 Torr entfernt. Der Rückstand enthielt 1,3 % Stickstoff.
5
5
Ein substituiertes Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem
ίο chlorierten Mischpolymerisat aus Isobutylen und
Styrol hergestellt. Das Mischpolymerisat bestand aus 94 Gewichtsteilen Isobutyleneinheiten und 6 Gewichtsteilen Styroleinheiten, hatte ein Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht
von 1200 und war bis zu einem Chlorgehalt von 2,8 Gewichtsprozent chloriert. Das gebildete
substituierte Bernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte eine Säurezahl von 40. 710 g (0,51 Grammäquivalente)
dieses substituierten Bernsteinsäureanhydrids und 500 g Toluol wurden portionsweise mit 22 g (0,51
Grammäquivalente) »Polyamine Η« versetzt. Die Mischung wurde 3 Stunden auf Rückflußtemperatur erhitzt,
um alles Wasser durch azeotrope Destillation zu entfernen, und dann bei 1500C und 20 Torr das
Toluol entfernt. Der Rückstand enthielt 1,1 Gewichtsprozent Stickstoff.
Ein substituiertes Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem
chlorierten Mischpolymerisat aus Isobutylen und Isopren hergestellt. Das Mischpolymerisat bestand aus
99 Gewichtsteilen Isobutyleneinheiten und 1 Gewichtsteil Isopreneinheiten; sein Molekulargewicht war
28 000, und der Chlorgehalt des chlorierten Mischpolymerisats war 1,95%.
Dieses Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte eine Säurezahl von 54. Eine Mischung aus 228 g (0,22
Grammäquivalente) einer Öllösung dieses Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids, 58 g zusätzlichem Mineralöl,
500 g Toluol und 9,3 g (0,22 Grammäquivalente) »Polyamine Η« (vgl. Beispiel 5) wurde 3 Stunden auf
110 bis 1200C erhitzt, wobei das Wasser azeotrop mit Toluol entfernt wurde. Nach Entfernung des
Wassers wurde das Toluol bei 150° C und 20 Torr abdestilliert. Der Rückstand hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt
von 1,1%.
Ein Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polyisobutylen
mit Maleinsäureanhydrid hergestellt. Der Chlorgehalt des chlorierten Polyisobutylene betrug 2% und das
Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht 11 000. Das Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid
hatte die Säurezahl 48. Eine Mischung aus 410 g (0,35 Grammäquivalente) dieses Anhydrids, 15 g (0,35 Grammäquivalente)
»Polyamine Η« (vgl. Beispiel 5) und 500 g Toluol wurde 4 Stunden auf Rückflußtemperatur erhitzt, um
das Wasser mit Toluol azeotrop zu entfernen. Das Toluol wurde dann bei 1500C und 20 Torr entfernt.
Der Stickstoffgehalt des Rückstands betrug 1,3%.
Das Beispiel 5 wurde wiederholt, jedoch mit 0,94 Grammäquivalenten »Polyamine Η« an Stelle von
1,55 Grammäquivalenten. Der Stickstoffgehalt des Produktes betrug 3 %.
Eine polyisobutenylsubstituierte Bernsteinsäure wurde durch Hydrolyse des entsprechenden Anhydrids
hergestellt (das Anhydrid selbst wurde durch Kondensation eines chlorierten Polyisobutylene und Maleinsäureanhydrid
gewonnen). Zu 1152 g (1,5 Grammäquivalente) einer 7O°/oigen Mineralöllösung dieser
Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäure mit der Säurezahl 62 wurde bei Zimmertemperatur 59,5 g (1,5 Grammäquivalente) »Polyamine H« gegeben. Die Mischung
wurde 7 Stunden auf 150 bis 167°C erhitzt; während dieser Zeit wurden insgesamt 19,5 g Wasser abdestilliert.
Der Rückstand wurde mit 174 g Mineralöl versetzt und bei 1500C filtriert. Das Filtrat enthielt 1,6 °/0
Stickstoff.
Eine Mischung aus 1056 g (2,0 Grammäquivalente) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids nach dem
vorhergehenden Beispiel (in welchem die Polyisobutenylgruppe ein Molekulargewicht von 850 hat),
89 g (2,0 Grammäquivalente) Di-(1,2-propylen)-triamin
(mit einem Stickstoffgehalt von 31,3 %X 370 g Mineralöl und 100 g Toluol wurde 5 Stunden auf
Rückflußtemperatur (180 bis 1900C) erhitzt. Insgesamt 18 g Wasser wurden mit Toluol azeotrop abdestilliert.
Der Rückstand wurde bei 20 Torr auf 150° C gebracht, um auch die letzten Wasserspuren
restlos zu entfernen. Der Stickstoffgehalt des Rückstandes betrug l,9°/0.
Ein Polyisobutylen mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 50 000 wurde bis zu einem Chlorgehalt
von 10 Gewichtsprozent chloriert. Dieses chlorierte Polyisobutylen wurde mit Maleinsäureanhydrid
unter Bildung des entsprechenden Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
mit der Säurezahl 24 umgesetzt. 6000 g (2,55 Grammäquivalente) dieses Anhydrids versetzte man im Verlaufe von 45 Minuten
portionsweise mit 108 g (2,55 Grammäquivalente) »Polyamine H« bei 70 bis 1050C. Die sich ergebende
Mischung wurde 4 Stunden auf 160 bis 180° C erhitzt, und Stickstoff wurde zum Austreiben des Wassers
durchgeblasen. Nach restloser Entfernung des Wassers wurde das Produkt filtriert. Das Filtrat enthielt 0,6 °/0
Stickstoff.
Vergleichsversuch A
Ein Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit einer Alkenylgruppe
mit weniger als 50 Kohlenstoffatomen (27 C-Atomen) wurde aus einem Polyisobutylen mit
einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 375 hergestellt. Dieses Polymerisat wurde bis zu einem Chlorgehalt
von 9,7 °/o chloriert und dann mit Maleinsäureanhydrid umgesetzt. Das sich ergebende PoIyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid
mit der Säurezahl 190 hatte ein Äquivalentgewicht von 300. Nach der Arbeitsweise des Beispiels 1 wurde 1,0 Grammäquivalent
dieses Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids mit 1,0 Grammäquivalent »Polyamine H« (vgl. Beispiel
5) umgesetzt. Das Endprodukt wurde mit Mineralöl versetzt und eine 58%ige Lösung hergestellt. Der
Stickstoffgehalt betrug 3,2 0I0.
Vergleichsversuch B
Ein anderes Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit einer weniger als 50 Kohlenstoffatome (12 C-Atome) enthaltenden
Alkenylgruppe wurde durch Alkylierung von
ίο Maleinsäureanhydrid mit Tetrapropylen hergestellt.
Äquivalente Mengen dieses Tetrapropylenbernsteinsäureanhydrids und Triäthylentetramin in Toluol wurden
auf Rückflußtemperatur erhitzt, bis sämtliches Wasser entfernt war. Das Toluol wurde dann durch
Erhitzen auf 155 0C bei 20 Torr entfernt und der Rückstand
in Mineralöl zu einer 60°/0igen Lösung gelöst.
Diese Öllösung hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 4,8 0I0.
Vergleichsversuch C
Etwa 227 Gewichtsteile (1 Mol) von technischem Triamylamin wurden in kleinen Anteilen zu etwa 266
Gewichtsteilen (1 Mol) eines handelsüblichen Gemisches von Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydriden mit C10-bis
C12-Alkylsubstituenten hinzugesetzt. Während des
Zusatzes des Amins wurde Wärme entwickelt, und das Gemisch wurde etwa 5 Minuten bei etwa 120° C gehalten.
Vergleichsversuch D
Ein handelsübliches Gemisch von Alkylbernsteinsäureanhydriden der im Vergleichsversuch C verwendeten
Art und Octadecylamin wurden in einem molaren Verhältnis von 2:1 umgesetzt. 14,5 g Anhydrid
und 5,0 g Amin wurden in einem Becherglas zusammen verrührt, wobei die Reaktionswärme die Temperatur
auf etwa 80° C steigerte. Das Gemisch wurde dann etwa 1 Stunde auf 105 bis HO0C erhitzt.
Vergleichsversuch E
52,6 g (0,5 Mol) des Amins der Formel
(HOCH2)3C—NH2
(HOCH2)3C—NH2
und 141,2 g (0,5 Mol) Ölsäure wurden in Anwesenheit von Toluol 4 Stunden bei 1600C in einem 1-1-Kolben,
welcher mit Rührer, Thermometer, Stickstoffeinleitungsrohr, Rückflußkühler und Wasserabscheider
ausgerüstet war, unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Es wurden etwa 16 cm3 (0,89 Mol) Wasser gesammelt. Das
Toluol wurde dann durch Erhitzen auf 1600C unter einem Druck von 30 Torr entfernt, wobei ein öliges,
bernsteinfarbenes, flüssiges Produkt unbestimmter Struktur zurückblieb.
Die nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine werden als Dispergiermittel in Mineralschmierölen
verwendet. Sie sind mit diesen Schmierölen in allen Verhältnissen mischbar und werden gewöhnlich
in Mengen von etwa 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent des Schmieröls zugesetzt. Die optimale Konzentration
hängt gewöhnlich von der Art des Mineralöls ab sowie auch von den Bedingungen, unter welchen
das Öl benutzt wird und liegen innerhalb eines engeren Bereiches von etwa 0,5 bis 3 Gewichtsprozent.
Wie bereits erwähnt, bewirken die nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine
eine bemerkenswerte Verbesserung der Dispergiereigenschaften von Mineralschmierölen. Die meisten
709 639/564
gebräuchlichen Schmiermittel werden jedoch unter sehr verschiedenen Bedingungen verwendet, und es ist
daher notwendig, mehr als einen Zusatzstoff zuzusetzen, um eine zufriedenstellende Wirkung zu erzielen.
Obwohl die nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine als Dispergiermittel bei
niedrigen Temperaturen sehr wirksam sind und die Dispergiereigenschaften bedeutend verbessern, ist es
doch oft notwendig, diese Dispergiermittel zusammen mit anderen Zusatzstoffen zu benutzen, z. B. mit
Metalldispergiermitteln, Korrosions- und Oxydationsschutzmitteln, Hochdruckmitteln, Viskositätsverbesserern,
Stockpunkterniedrigern, schaumverhütenden Mitteln.
Eine besonders günstige Kombination von Zusatzstoffen für Schmieröle in Motorgehäusen ist die Kombination
der acylierten Amine der Erfindung mit einem Metalldispergiermittel. Solche Metalldispergiermittel
sind beispielsweise die Erdalkalisulfate, Erdalkali- Kein Zusatz salze von Carbonsäuren und Erdalkaliphenolate. Besonders
die Erdalkalisulfonate sind in dieser Kombination wertvoll, besonders die neutralen und basischen
alkylaromatischen Bariumsulfonate, Calcium-Mahagonisulfonate,
und die alkylaromatischen Calciumsulfonate. Der Ausdruck »basische Sulfonate« bedeutet
hier, daß die Verbindungen einen stöchiometrischen Metallüberschuß, gewöhnlich als Metallcarbonat,
gegenüber dem Sulfonatanion der Verbindung enthalten.
Eine andere wertvolle Kombination ist die der acylierten Amine der Erfindung mit einem Korrosionsschutzmittel. Solche Korrosionsschutzmittel sind Metallphosphordithionate,
verschiedene Olefin-Phosphorsulfid-Reaktionsprodukte und Phenolverbindungen.
Ein besonders wirksames Metallphosphordithionat ist Zinkdialkylphosphordithionat mit den Alkylgruppen
C3 bis C6, und ein ähnlich wirksames Olefin-Phosphorsulfid-Reaktionsprodukt
ist ein Terpentin-Phosphorpentasulfid-Kondensat.
Die Vorteile der nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine gehen aus den Ergebnissen
einer Versuchsreihe mit Mineralschmierölen für Motorgehäuse hervor, die in Mietwagen verwendet
wurden, welche je über 80 000 km gefahren wurden. Bei diesem Versuch wurden zehn Sechszylinder-Chevrolet-Wagen,
Baujahr 1958 (ohne Ölfilter), verwendet. In allen Fällen war das Schmieröl im Motorgehäuse
ein von Schwefel befreites »Mid-Continent Petroleumöl« mit einer Viskosität von 39,7 cSt bei
380C und einem Viskositätsindex von 112, welches 5,9 Volumprozent eines Polyalkylmethacrylats zur
Verbesserung des Viskositätsindex und 0,59 Volumprozent eines Zinkdialkylphosphordithionats (mit Isobutyl-
und einer Mischung primärer Amylgruppen) enthielt.
Proben des Motorgehäuseöls wurden bei jedem Ölwechsel nach etwa 4800 km Betrieb entnommen, und
diese Proben wurden gemischt. 30 cm3 dieser gemischten Entnahmeproben wurden mit 1 Gewichtsprozent
des zu untersuchenden Dispergiermittels und 2 Gewichtsprozent Wasser versetzt. Die Mischung
wurde dann mit einem hochtourigen Rührer 5 Minuten homogenisiert, in ein nach unten spitz zulaufendes,
graduiertes 100-cm3-Zentrifugenglas eingefüllt und 2 Stunden bei 1500 U/min zentrifugiert. Die verschiedenen
Dispergiermittel wurden nach dem Volumen der abgesetzten Stoffe in Kubikzentimetern und nach
der Trübung der darüberliegenden Ölschicht beurteilt.
Dementsprechend ergeben die wirksameren Dispergiermittel die kleinsten Ablagerungen bei verhältnismäßig
stärkerer Trübung der Ölschicht.
Die Klarheit der Ölschicht wurde durch die Lichtmenge bestimmt, die von einer 3-Volt-0,75-Watt-Glühlampe
ausgesendet wurde und durch diese Schicht durchging.
Die Versuchsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 wiedergegeben.
Untersuchter Zusatz
(1 Gewichtsprozent)
ohne Lösungsmittel)
(1 Gewichtsprozent)
ohne Lösungsmittel)
Bekanntes Dispergiermittel
nach Vergleichsversuch A .
nach Vergleichsversuch A .
Dispergiermittel nach
Dispergiermittel nach
Dispergiermittel nach
Dispergiermittel nach
Dispergiermittel nach
Ablagerungen von
Ablaßöl
Ablaßöl
cm
AbIa- ! Trübung der gerung Ölschicht
0,3 I klar durchscheinend
0,3 ! klar durchscheinend
0,0 ' undurchlässig
0,0 undurchlässig
0,1 1 undurchlässig
0,1 ; stark getrübt
0,0 stark getrübt
Die Dispergiereigenschaften der nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten acylierten Amine lassen
sich auch durch die Ergebnisse eines Oxydations-Dispergier-Versuche
veranschaulichen. Bei diesem Versuch wird eine 350-cm3-Probe eines das Dispergiermittel
enthaltenden Schmieröls in ein großes Borsilikatrohr mit einer Länge von 381 mm und einem Durchmesser
von 50,8 mm gebracht. Eine 34,9 χ 149,2 mm große Stahlplatte wird in das Öl eingetaucht. Die
Probe wird dann 48 Stunden auf 148,9 0C erhitzt, wobei Luft mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 101/Std.
durch das Öl geblasen wird. Die oxydierte Probe wird auf 48,80C gekühlt, mit einem hochtourigen Rührer
5 Minuten homogenisiert, bei Zimmertemperatur 24 Stunden stehengelassen und schließlich bei 20 Torr
durch zwei Schichten Whatman-Filterpapier Nr. 1 filtriert. Das Gewicht des Niederschlags nach dem
Waschen mit Petroleum und Trocknen dient als Maß der Wirksamkeit des Zusatzstoffes, d. h., je größer
das Gewicht des Niederschlags, desto kleiner ist die dispergierende Wirkung.
Zwei Änderungen dieses Veifahrens sind möglich;
beide machen den Versuch strenger; einerseits kann der Versuch von 48 Stunden auf 96 Stunden ausgedehnt
werden, und andererseits können 0,5 °/0 Wasser, bezogen
auf das Gewicht der Probe, dem oxydierten Öl vor der Homogenisierung zugesetzt werden.
Das bei diesem Versuch verwendete Öl (Tabelle 1) war ein normal raffiniertes »Mid-Continent Petroleumöl«
mit einer Viskosität von etwa 43 cSt bei 380C und einem Eisennaphthenatgehalt von 0,001 Gewichtsprozent
(zur Förderung der Oxydation).
| Ergebnisse | |
| des Oxydations- | |
| Untersuchter Zusatz | Dispergier- |
| (1,5 Gewichtsprozent | Versuchs |
| ohne Verdünnungsmittel) | (mg Ablagerung) |
| Versuchsmenge | |
| 100 ml Öl | |
| Kein Zusatz ... | 144 |
| Kein Zusatz | 275 (b) |
| Kein Zusatz | 1000 (a) (b) |
| Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach | |
| Vergleichsversuch A | 738 |
| Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach | |
| Vergleichsversuch B | 1060 (b) |
| Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach | |
| Vergleichsversuch C | 845 (b) |
| Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach | |
| Vergleichsversuch D | 496 (b) |
| Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach | |
| Vergleichsversuch E | 642 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 1.... | 0,7 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 2.... | 0,7 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 3.... | 1,0 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 4.... | 1,2 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 5.... | 1,5 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 6.... | 0,7 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 9.... | 0,5 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 10... | 3,2 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 11... | 10,2 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 12... | 19,5 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 13... | 2,7 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 14... | 0,3 |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 14... | 1,2 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 14... | l,7(a)(b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 15... | 1,3 (b) |
| Dispergiermittel nach Beispiel 16... | 0,9 (b) |
Änderung (a): 96-Stunden-Versuch.
Änderung (b): 0,5% Wasser wurde beim Versuch verwendet.
Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen eindeutig die Überlegenheit der nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten
Dispergiermittel.
Weitere Beispiele für die Wirkung der nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellten Dispergiermittel
in Motorölen wurden durch eine Abwandlung des CRC-EX-3-Motorversuchs (der Versuch dauert normalerweise
96 Stunden) gewonnen. Dieser Versuch ist in einer Veröffentlichung »Deposition in Stop- and
Go-Type Service, Comparison of EX-3 and Field Test Results, Appendix C, Coordinating Research Council,
25. November 1952« beschrieben. Dieser Versuch
ίο dient zur Beurteilung für unter leichten Bedingungen
arbeitende Schmiermittel. Hierbei wird das Schmiermittel im Motorgehäuse eines Sechszylinder-»Chevrolet-Powerglide-Motors«,
Baujahr 1954, 144 Stunden unter sich zyklisch wiederholenden Bedingungen verwendet,
wobei jeder Zyklus sich folgendermaßen zusammensetzt :
2 Stunden bei einer Motordrehzahl von 500 + 25 U/min ohne Belastung bei einer Ölsumpftemperatur
von 37,8 bis 51,70C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff 10:1;
danach 2 Stunden bei einer Motordrehzahl von 2500 i 25 U/min unter einer Belastung von
40 Brems-PS bei einer Ölsumpftemperatur von 71,1 bis 76,7 ° C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff 16:1;
schließlich 2 Stunden bei einer Motordrehzahl von 2500 i 25 U/min unter einer Belastung von
40 Brems-PS bei einer Ölsumpftemperatur von 115,6 bis 121,1° C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff
16:1·
Nach Beendigung des Versuchs wird der Motor auseinandergenommen, und die einzelnen Teile werden
auf Ablagerungen untersucht. Das Dispergiermittel im Motoröl wird dann nach folgenden Gesichtspunkten
beurteilt:
1. Füllung der Kolbenringe,
2. Schlammenge im Motor (Maßstab 80 bis 0, wobei 80 keinen Schlamm und 0 sehr starke Schlammbildung
bedeutet) und
3. Gesamtmenge der Ablagerungen, d. h. Schlamm und Lack, im Motor (Maßstab 100 bis 0, wobei
100 keine Ablagerungen und 0 sehr starke Ablagerungen bedeutet).
Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 zusammengefaßt.
| Geprüftes Schmiermittel | Kolbenringfüllung Vo |
Schlammenge im Motor 7o |
Gesamt ablagerungen 0/ /0 |
| 1. Schmieröl + 2,33 Gewichtsprozent des Dispergier mittels nach Beispiel 7 2. Schmieröl + 2,33 Gewichtsprozent des Dispergier mittels nach Beispiel 8 |
1 0 |
76,9 73,3 |
95,7 91,3 |
Claims (1)
- Patentanspruch:Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen acylierten Aminen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine substituierte Bernsteinsäure der allgemeinen FormelCHCOOHCH2COOHoder deren Anhydrid der allgemeinen Formel
RCH-CO,CH2COin der R ein von einem Polyolefin abgeleiteter aliphatischer oder ein von einem Mischpolymerisat aus Styrol und einem Olefin, welches mehr als 90°/0Olefineinheiten enthält, abgeleiteter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 50 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, mit mindestens der halben äquivalenten Menge, vorzugsweise mit der äquivalenten Menge eines Äthylenamins der allgemeinen FormelH2N -/CH2-CH — NH\— Hin der .v eine ganze Zahl und R1 einen niedrigmolekularen Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, oder deren technischen Gemischen beiTemperaturen von 80 bis 2000C unter Entfernung des bei der Reaktion gebildeten Wassers kondensiert.In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften :Britische Patentschrift Nr. 681 554;USA.-Patentschriften Nr. 2 133 734, 2 182 178, 334 158, 2 540 800, 2 588 412, 2 604 451, 2 654 708, 654 709;Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Bd. 8, 1952, S. 656 bis 658; Bd. 11, Teil 2, 1958, S. 4, 16/17.Bei der Bekanntmachung ist ein Prioritätsbeleg ausgelegt worden.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80266759 US3172892A (en) | 1959-03-30 | 1959-03-30 | Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine |
| US12680961 US3219666A (en) | 1959-03-30 | 1961-07-21 | Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds |
| US348760A US3278550A (en) | 1959-03-30 | 1964-03-02 | Reaction products of a hydrocarbonsubstituted succinic acid-producing compound, an amine and an alkenyl cyanide |
| US40261764A | 1964-10-08 | 1964-10-08 | |
| US468948A US3341542A (en) | 1959-03-30 | 1965-07-01 | Oil soluble acrylated nitrogen compounds having a polar acyl, acylimidoyl or acyloxy group with a nitrogen atom attached directly thereto |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1248643B true DE1248643B (de) | 1967-08-31 |
Family
ID=27537768
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DENDAT1248643D Pending DE1248643B (de) | 1959-03-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen | |
| DE19601794292D Pending DE1794292B1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1960-01-07 | Schmiermittel auf Mineralschmieroelbasis |
| DE1965L0050105 Pending DE1570871A1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1965-03-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung stickstoffhaltiger Massen,welche als Zusaetze in Kohlenwasserstoffoelen brauchbar sind |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19601794292D Pending DE1794292B1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1960-01-07 | Schmiermittel auf Mineralschmieroelbasis |
| DE1965L0050105 Pending DE1570871A1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1965-03-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung stickstoffhaltiger Massen,welche als Zusaetze in Kohlenwasserstoffoelen brauchbar sind |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US3172892A (de) |
| DE (3) | DE1794292B1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1432851A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB922831A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL6502540A (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2548275A1 (de) * | 1974-10-28 | 1976-05-06 | Liquichimica Robassomero Spa | Dispergator als zusatzmittel fuer schmieroele und verfahren zu dessen gewinnung |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| US3378494A (en) * | 1964-08-07 | 1968-04-16 | Shell Oil Co | Water-in-oil emulsion fluids |
| US3250709A (en) * | 1964-08-31 | 1966-05-10 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Mixed salt lubricants containing asphalt to eliminate haze |
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1965
- 1965-03-01 FR FR7499A patent/FR1432851A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-03-01 NL NL6502540A patent/NL6502540A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-02 DE DE1965L0050105 patent/DE1570871A1/de active Pending
- 1965-07-01 US US468948A patent/US3341542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2548275A1 (de) * | 1974-10-28 | 1976-05-06 | Liquichimica Robassomero Spa | Dispergator als zusatzmittel fuer schmieroele und verfahren zu dessen gewinnung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1432851A (fr) | 1966-03-25 |
| US3341542A (en) | 1967-09-12 |
| NL6502540A (de) | 1965-09-03 |
| DE1794292B1 (de) | 1970-07-23 |
| DE1570871A1 (de) | 1970-02-26 |
| US3278550A (en) | 1966-10-11 |
| GB922831A (en) | 1963-04-03 |
| US3172892A (en) | 1965-03-09 |
| US3219666A (en) | 1965-11-23 |
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