CN111816229A - 磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元及存储单元阵列 - Google Patents
磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元及存储单元阵列 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其包括PMOS晶体管与储存元件。PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至存储单元的第一端点,PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至存储单元的第二端点。储存元件的第一端连接至PMOS晶体管的第二端,储存元件的第二端连接至存储单元的第三端点。在进行写入动作时,存储单元的第一端点接收第一电压,存储单元的第三端点接收第二电压,存储单元的第二端点接收控制电压,使得存储单元成为第一储存状态。第一电压大于第二电压,第二电压大于控制电压。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种非易失性存储器,且特别是有关于一种利用负电压来操作的磁阻式随机存取存储器(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory,以下简称MRAM)。
背景技术
请参照图1,其所示出为已知的MRAM存储单元示意图。MRAM存储单元110包括开关晶体管Ms与储存元件120,其中储存元件120又被称为磁穿隧接面(Magnetic TunnelJunction,简称MTJ)。
MRAM存储单元110具有三个端点A、B、S。开关晶体管Ms的第一端连接至端点A,开关晶体管Ms的第二端连接至节点a,开关晶体管Ms的控制端连接至端点S。其中,开端晶体管Ms为NMOS晶体管,开关晶体管Ms的栅极即为控制端。
储存元件120包括堆叠的(stacked)固定层(pin layer)122、阻绝层(isolationlayer)124与自由层(free layer)126。储存元件120的固定层122连接至节点a,储存元件120的自由层126连接至端点B。
基本上,当固定层122与自由层126的磁化方向不同时,储存元件120具有较大的阻抗值(例如5.2K欧姆),可视为MRAM存储单元110的第一储存状态,又称为高阻抗状态(highimpedance state)。当固定层122与自由层126的磁化方向相同时,储存元件120具有较小的阻抗值(impedance)(例如3.2K欧姆),可视为MRAM存储单元110的第二储存状态,又称为低阻抗状态(low impedance state)。再者,提供储存元件120不同方向的电流与电压时,即可控制MRAM存储单元110为第一储存状态或者第二储存状态。
当然,在图1中的MRAM存储单元110中,也可以将储存元件120的固定层122连接至端点B,储存元件120的自由层126连接至节点a。
请参照图2A,其所示出为MRAM存储单元进行写入动作(write operation)成为第一储存状态的偏压示意图。如图2A所示,提供第一电压VDD至端点A并提供第二电压VSS至端点B。举例来说,第一电压VDD为1.1V,第二电压VSS为接地电压(0V)。
接着,提供控制电压(Vctrl)至端点S用以开启(turn on)开关晶体管Ms。因此,MRAM存储单元110内产生电流I由端点A流经节点a至端点B,使得MRAM存储单元110成为第一储存状态。
当然,MRAM存储单元110也可以进行写入动作成为第二储存状态。亦即,提供第一电压VDD至端点B,并提供第二电压VSS至端点A。当开关晶体管Ms开启时,则电流由端点B流经节点a至端点A,使得MRAM存储单元110成为第二储存状态。
基本上,为了将MRAM存储单元110变更为第一储存状态,储存元件120的两端所接收的第一电压差(first voltage difference)至少要0.55V以上时才能够改变状态。亦即,控制MRAM存储单元110为第一储存状态时,端点B为第二电压VSS(0V)且节点a的电压Va要高于0.55V。另外,为了将MRAM存储单元110变更为第二储存状态,储存元件120的两端所接收的第二电压差(second voltage difference)至少要0.45V以上时才能够改变状态。也就是说,控制MRAM存储单元110为第二储存状态时,端点B为第一电压VDD(1.1V),且节点a的电压Va要低于0.65V。
如上所述,开关晶体管Ms为NMOS晶体管,所以开关晶体管Ms的基体(body)会连接至最低的电压,亦即第二电压VSS。再者,利用第一电压VDD作为控制电压Vctrl即可开启开关晶体管Ms。
然而,在MRAM存储单元110中,开关晶体管Ms的基体(body)与第二端(亦即节点a)的电压差异,会使得开关晶体管Ms遭遇到严重的基体效应(body effect)以及源极退化(source degeneration),使得开关晶体管Ms的电阻很大,并使得MRAM存储单元110在写入动作(write operation)时,节点a的电压Va无法到达0.55V。在此情况下,几乎不可能让MRAM存储单元110转变成为第一储存状态。
为了要降低晶体管Ms的电阻,所以需要提高端点S的控制电压Vctrl,才能使得节点a的电压Va到达0.55V。例如,将端点S的控制电压Vctrl由第一电压VDD(1.1V)提高至1.5V。
另外,为了让开关晶体管Ms能够符合安全工作区的规范(Safe Operating Areacriteria,简称SOA规范),当开关晶体管Ms控制端的控制电压Vctrl提高后,也需要将开关晶体管Ms的尺寸(size)变大。因此,MRAM存储单元110的阵列尺寸(array size)也会变大。
请参照图2B,其所示出为MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。举例来说,开关晶体管Ms的基本尺寸为210nm×50nm时,代表M=1。同理,M=2代表开关晶体管Ms具有2倍基本尺寸,并依此类推。
由图2B可知,当开关晶体管Ms的尺寸为8倍基本尺寸以上时,提供1.5V的控制电压Vctrl才可使节点a的电压Va到达0.55V,并控制MRAM存储单元110成为第一储存状态。
换句话说,当开关晶体管Ms的尺寸小于8倍基本尺寸时,就算提供1.5V的控制电压Vctrl,节点a的电压Va仍无法到达0.55V。所以MRAM存储单元110无法转变为第一储存状态。
由以上的说明可知,已知的MRAM存储单元110中,由于开关晶体管Ms的尺寸无法缩小,所以将无法有效地提升MRAM的储存密度且无法降低MRAM的制造成本。
另外,上述的偏压方式也会造成其他的影响,说明如下。
请参照图3,其所示出为已知的MRAM存储单元阵列实际运作的偏压示意图。MRAM存储单元阵列包括一列多个MRAM存储单元210、310连接至字线WL。其中,MRAM存储单元210包括开关晶体管Ms1与储存元件220。MRAM存储单元310包括开关晶体管Ms2与储存元件320。MRAM存储单元210、310的构造相同于图1,此处不再赘述。
如图3所示,MRAM存储单元210的端点S1与MRAM存储单元310的端点S2连接至字线WL,且字线WL连接至电荷泵(charge pump)330,用以提供控制电压Vctrl。举例来说,电荷泵330可将第一电压VDD(1.1V)提升至控制电压Vctrl(1.5V)。
以下的说明在写入动作(write operation)时,控制MRAM存储单元210为第一储存状态且控制MRAM存储单元310为第二储存状态。再者,相同列上的其他存储单元也可以利用相同的方式来控制其状态,此处不再赘述。
如图3所示,MRAM存储单元210的端点A1接收第一电压VDD,端点B1接收第二电压VSS。并且,MRAM存储单元310的端点A2接收第二电压VSS,端点B2接收第一电压VDD。
当字线WL接收控制电压Vctrl而开启开关晶体管Ms1、Ms2时,MRAM存储单元210内部产生电流I1由端点A1经过节点a1流至端点B1,使得MRAM存储单元210成为第一储存状态;并且MRAM存储单元310内部产生电流I2由端点B2经过节点a2流至端点A2,使得MRAM存储单元310成为第二储存状态。
然而,在上述的写入动作(write operation)时,由于控制电压Vctrl为1.5V,端点A2接收第二电压VSS(0V),将造成开关晶体管Ms2的栅极与源极之间的电压差过大,使得开关晶体管Ms2超出安全工作区的规范(简称SOA规范),并造成开关晶体管Ms2损坏。
为了要改善上述状况,于写入动作(write operation)并将MRAM存储单元310控制为第二储存状态时,需要将端点A2接收的电压由第二电压VSS(0V)提升至第三电压,例如0.4V。如此,才可确保开关晶体管Ms2的栅极与源极之间的电压差符合全工作区的规范(简称SOA规范)。
明显地,已知的MRAM存储单元进行写入动作(write operation)时,根据MRAM存储单元所要形成的状态,需要提供控制电压Vctrl(1.5V)、第一电压VDD(1.1V)、第二电压VSS(0V)以及第三电压(0.4V)。如此,已知的MRAM存储单元阵列才可以正常运作。
发明内容
本发明有关于一种磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,该存储单元包括:PMOS晶体管,其中该PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该存储单元的第一端点,该PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至该存储单元的第二端点;以及储存元件,其中该储存元件的第一端连接至该PMOS晶体管的第二端,该储存元件的第二端连接至该存储单元的第三端点;其中,在进行写入动作时,该存储单元的该第一端点接收第一电压,该存储单元的该第三端点接收第二电压,该存储单元的该第二端点接收控制电压,使得该存储单元成为第一储存状态;其中,该第一电压大于该第二电压,该第二电压大于该控制电压。
本发明有关于一种磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,该存储单元阵列包括:第一存储单元,包括第一PMOS晶体管与第一储存元件;以及第二存储单元,包括第二PMOS晶体管与第二储存元件;其中,该第一PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该第一存储单元的第一端点,该第一PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至字线,该第一储存元件的第一端连接至该第一PMOS晶体管的第二端,该第一储存元件的第二端连接至该第一存储单元的第二端点;其中,该第二PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该第二存储单元的第一端点,该第二PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至该字线,该第二储存元件的第一端连接至该第二PMOS晶体管的第二端,该第二储存元件的第二端连接至该第二存储单元的第二端点;其中,在进行写入动作时,该字线接收控制电压,该第一储存元件的两端接收第一电压差,该第二储存元件的两端接收第二电压差,使得该第一存储单元成为第一储存状态,且该第二存储单元成为第二储存状态。
为了对本发明的上述及其他方面有更佳的了解,下文特举实施例,并配合附图详细说明如下:
附图说明
图1为已知的MRAM存储单元示意图。
图2A为MRAM存储单元进行写入动作成为第一储存状态的偏压示意图。
图2B为MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。
图3为已知的MRAM存储单元阵列实际运作的偏压示意图。
图4为本发明MRAM存储单元示意图。
图5A为MRAM存储单元进行写入动作成为第一储存状态的偏压示意图。
图5B为提供0V的控制电压Vctrl时,MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。
图5C为提供-0.4V的控制电压Vctrl时,MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。
图6为本发明MRAM存储单元阵列实际运作的偏压示意图。
具体实施方式
请参照图4,其所示出为本发明MRAM存储单元示意图。MRAM存储单元410包括开关晶体管Ms与储存元件420。
MRAM存储单元410具有三个端点A、B、S。开关晶体管Ms的第一端连接至端点A,开关晶体管Ms的第二端连接至节点a,开关晶体管Ms的控制端连接至端点S。其中,开关晶体管Ms为PMOS晶体管,开关晶体管Ms的栅极即为控制端。
储存元件420包括堆叠的固定层422、阻绝层424与自由层426。储存元件420的固定层422连接至节点a,储存元件420的自由层426连接至端点B。
基本上,当固定层422与自由层426的磁化方向不同时,储存元件420具有较大的阻抗值(例如5.2K欧姆),可视为MRAM存储单元410的第一储存状态,又称为高阻抗状态(highimpedance state)。当固定层422与自由层426的磁化方向相同时,储存元件420具有较小的阻抗值(impedance)(例如3.2K欧姆),可视为MRAM存储单元410的第二储存状态,又称为低阻抗状态(low impedance state)。再者,提供储存元件420不同方向的电流与电压时,即可控制MRAM存储单元410为第一储存状态或者第二储存状态。
当然,在本发明的MRAM存储单元410中,也可以将储存元件420的固定层422连接至端点B,储存元件420的自由层426连接至节点a。
请参照图5A,其所示出为MRAM存储单元进行写入动作(write operation)成为第一储存状态的偏压示意图。如图5A所示,提供第一电压VDD至端点A并提供第二电压VSS至端点B。举例来说,第一电压VDD为1.1V,第二电压VSS为接地电压(0V)。另外,由于开关晶体管Ms为PMOS晶体管,所以开关晶体管Ms的基体(body)会连接至最高的电压,亦即第一电压VDD。
接着,提供控制电压(Vctrl)至端点S用以开启(turn on)开关晶体管Ms。因此,MRAM存储单元410内产生电流I由端点A流经节点a至端点B,使得MRAM存储单元410成为第一储存状态。
当然,MRAM存储单元410也可以进行写入动作成为第二储存状态。亦即,提供第一电压VDD至端点B,并提供第二电压VSS至端点A。当开关晶体管Ms开启时,则电流由端点B流经节点a至端点A,使得MRAM存储单元410成为第二储存状态。
为了将MRAM存储单元410变更为第一储存状态,储存元件420的两端所接收的第一电压差至少要0.55V以上时才能够改变状态。亦即,控制MRAM存储单元410为第一储存状态时,端点B为第二电压VSS(0V)且节点a的电压Va要高于0.55V。另外,为了将MRAM存储单元410变更为第二储存状态,储存元件420的两端所接收的第二电压差至少要0.45V以上时才能够改变状态。也就是说,控制MRAM存储单元410为第二储存状态时,端点B为第一电压VDD(1.1V),且节点a的电压Va要低于0.65V。
在本发明的实施例中,开关晶体管Ms的基体(body)与第一端(亦即端点A)皆连接至第一电压VDD,所以开关晶体管Ms不会发生基体效应(body effect)。因此,本发明MRAM存储单元410的开关晶体管Ms在写入运作时具有较小的电阻。
请参照图5B,其所示出为提供0V的控制电压Vctrl时,MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。举例来说,开关晶体管Ms的基本尺寸为210nm×50nm时,代表M=1。同理,M=2代表开关晶体管Ms具有2倍基本尺寸,并依此类推。
由图5B可知,当开关晶体管Ms的尺寸为8倍基本尺寸以上时,提供0V的控制电压Vctrl即可使节点a的电压Va到达0.55V,并控制MRAM存储单元410成为第一储存状态。
另外,除了0V的控制电压Vctrl之外,本发明可以调整控制电压Vctrl为小于0V,用以进一步减少开关晶体管Ms的尺寸。请参照图5C,其所示出为提供-0.4V的控制电压Vctrl时,MRAM存储单元中节点a的电压Va与开关晶体管Ms的尺寸关系示意图。
由图5C可知,当开关晶体管Ms的尺寸为4倍基本尺寸以上时,提供-0.4V的控制电压Vctrl即可使节点a的电压Va到达0.55V,并控制MRAM存储单元410成为第一储存状态。
由以上的说明可知,利用较小尺寸的PMOS晶体管作为开关晶体管Ms,并搭配负值的控制电压Vctrl,可以有效地降低开关晶体管的电阻,并成功地控制MRAM存储单元410成为第一储存状态。
请参照图6,其所示出为本发明MRAM存储单元阵列实际运作的偏压示意图。MRAM存储单元阵列包括一列多个MRAM存储单元510、610连接至字线WL。其中,MRAM存储单元510包括开关晶体管Ms1与储存元件520。MRAM存储单元610包括开关晶体管Ms2与储存元件620。MRAM存储单元510、610的构造相同于图4,此处不再赘述。
如图6所示,MRAM存储单元510的端点S1与MRAM存储单元610的端点S2连接至字线WL,且字线WL连接至负向电荷泵(negative chargepump)630,用以提供负电压值的控制电压Vctrl。举例来说,负向电荷泵630可将第二电压VSS(0V)降低至控制电压Vctrl(-0.4V)。
以下的说明在写入动作(write operation)时,控制MRAM存储单元510为第一储存状态且控制MRAM存储单元610为第二储存状态。再者,相同列上的其他存储单元也可以利用相同的方式来控制其状态,此处不再赘述。
如图6所示,MRAM存储单元510的端点A1接收第一电压VDD,端点B1接收第二电压VSS。并且,MRAM存储单元610的端点A2接收第二电压VSS,端点B2接收第一电压VDD。
当字线WL接收负电压值的控制电压Vctrl而开启开关晶体管Ms1、Ms2时,MRAM存储单元510内部产生电流I1由端点A1经过节点a1流至端点B1,使得MRAM存储单元510成为第一储存状态。再者,MRAM存储单元610内部产生电流I2由端点B2经过节点a2流至端点A2,使得MRAM存储单元610成为第二储存状态。
再者,在上述的偏压中,开关晶体管Ms的基体(body)连接至第一电压VDD。然而,本发明并不限定于此。在实际的运用上,可以在适当的时机将开关晶体管的基体(body)连接至其他电压(例如第四电压,且该第四电压相同于节点a的电压Va)。或者,在其他的实施例中,如果需要让开关晶体管Ms1符合安全工作区的规范(简称SOA规范)时,MRAM存储单元610端点A1所接收的电压可以稍微低于第一电压VDD。
由以上的说明可知,本发明提出一种利用负电压来操作的MRAM。MRAM中包括MRAM存储单元阵列,连接至字线WL。再者,MRAM存储单元410中包括开关晶体管Ms与储存元件420,且开关晶体管Ms为PMOS晶体管。
在写入动作时,提供负值的控制电压Vctrl至字线,并且选择性地将第一电压VDD与第二电压VSS提供至MRAM存储单元410的两端点A、B,即可控制MRAM存储单元410成为第一储存状态或者第二储存状态。其中,第一电压VDD大于第二电压VSS,且第二电压VSS大于控制电压Vctrl。
由于开关晶体管的尺寸降低,因此将可有效地提升MRAM的储存密度并降低MRAM的制造成本。
综上所述,虽然本发明已以实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此,本发明的保护范围当视后附的权利要求书所界定者为准。
【符号说明】
110,210,310,410,510,610:MRAM存储单元
120,220,320,420,520,620:储存元件
122,422:固定层
124,424:阻绝层
126,426:自由层
330:电荷泵
630:负向电荷泵
Claims (15)
1.一种磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,该存储单元包括:
PMOS晶体管,其中该PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该存储单元的第一端点,该PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至该存储单元的第二端点;以及
储存元件,其中该储存元件的第一端连接至该PMOS晶体管的第二端,该储存元件的第二端连接至该存储单元的第三端点;
其中,在进行写入动作时,该存储单元的该第一端点接收第一电压,该存储单元的该第三端点接收第二电压,该存储单元的该第二端点接收控制电压,使得该存储单元成为第一储存状态;
其中,该第一电压大于该第二电压,该第二电压大于该控制电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中在进行该写入动作时,该存储单元的该第一端点接收该第二电压,该存储单元的该第三端点接收该第一电压,该存储单元的该第二端点接收该控制电压,使得该存储单元成为第二储存状态。
3.如权利要求2所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中该第一电压为正值电压,该第二电压为接地电压,该控制电压为负值电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中该储存元件包括堆叠的固定层、阻绝层与自由层,且该固定层连接至该PMOS晶体管的该第二端,该自由层连接至该存储单元的该第三端点。
5.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中该储存元件包括堆叠的固定层、阻绝层与自由层,且该自由层连接至该PMOS晶体管的该第二端,该固定层连接至该存储单元的该第三端点。
6.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中该PMOS晶体管的基体连接至该第一电压。
7.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中该PMOS晶体管的基体连接至第四电压。
8.如权利要求1所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元,其中利用负向电荷泵,将该第二电压降低至该控制电压。
9.一种磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,该存储单元阵列包括:
第一存储单元,包括第一PMOS晶体管与第一储存元件;以及
第二存储单元,包括第二PMOS晶体管与第二储存元件;
其中,该第一PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该第一存储单元的第一端点,该第一PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至字线,该第一储存元件的第一端连接至该第一PMOS晶体管的第二端,该第一储存元件的第二端连接至该第一存储单元的第二端点;
其中,该第二PMOS晶体管的第一端连接至该第二存储单元的第一端点,该第二PMOS晶体管的控制端连接至该字线,该第二储存元件的第一端连接至该第二PMOS晶体管的第二端,该第二储存元件的第二端连接至该第二存储单元的第二端点;
其中,在进行写入动作时,该字线接收控制电压,该第一储存元件的两端接收第一电压差,该第二储存元件的两端接收第二电压差,使得该第一存储单元成为第一储存状态,且该第二存储单元成为第二储存状态。
10.如权利要求9所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中在进行写入动作时,该第一存储单元的该第一端点接收第一电压,该第一存储单元的该第二端点接收第二电压,该第二存储单元的该第一端点接收该第二电压,该第二存储单元的该第二端点接收该第一电压,该第一电压大于该第二电压,且该第二电压大于该控制电压。
11.如权利要求10所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中该第一电压为正值电压,该第二电压为接地电压,该控制电压为负值电压。
12.如权利要求10所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中该第一储存元件包括堆叠的固定层、阻绝层与自由层,且该固定层连接至该第一PMOS晶体管的该第二端,该自由层连接至该第一存储单元的该第二端点。
13.如权利要求10所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中该第一储存元件包括堆叠的固定层、阻绝层与自由层,且该自由层连接至该第一PMOS晶体管的该第二端,该固定层连接至该第一存储单元的该第二端点。
14.如权利要求10所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中该第一PMOS晶体管的基体与该第二PMOS晶体管的基体皆连接至该第一电压。
15.如权利要求10所述的磁阻式随机存取存储器的存储单元阵列,其中利用负向电荷泵,将该第二电压降低至该控制电压。
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| US16/822,983 US11108395B2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-03-18 | Memory cell and memory cell array of magnetoresistive random access memory operated by negative voltage |
| US16/822,983 | 2020-03-18 |
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| TWI776377B (zh) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-09-01 | 日商鎧俠股份有限公司 | 半導體記憶裝置及其製造方法 |
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| US12394479B2 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2025-08-19 | Ememory Technology Inc. | PMOS voltage selection circuit with an auxiliary selection circuit to prevent a floating output |
| CN115240597B (zh) | 2022-09-20 | 2023-01-10 | 惠科股份有限公司 | 像素电路、显示面板及显示装置 |
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