CN107006568A - 熟面团产品及制备方法 - Google Patents
熟面团产品及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107006568A CN107006568A CN201710223030.2A CN201710223030A CN107006568A CN 107006568 A CN107006568 A CN 107006568A CN 201710223030 A CN201710223030 A CN 201710223030A CN 107006568 A CN107006568 A CN 107006568A
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- oil
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- ethyl cellulose
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- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
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- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020466 Hunger Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000290333 Vanilla fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
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- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sinapinic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002316 solid fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000005457 triglyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/188—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/80—Pastry not otherwise provided for elsewhere, e.g. cakes, biscuits or cookies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/16—Fatty acid esters
- A21D2/165—Triglycerides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/181—Sugars or sugar alcohols
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Abstract
熟面团产品,基于所述产品的重量,其包含40wt.%‑85wt.%的面粉、10wt.%至45wt.%的脂肪/油组分和0.25wt.%至20wt.%的乙基纤维素,且所述脂肪/油组分包含至少50wt.%的在20℃下为液体的油。还提供了制备熟面团产品的方法包括步骤:制备基于除了添加的水之外的面团的重量,包含40wt.%‑85wt.%的面粉、10wt.%至45wt.%的脂肪/油组分和0.25wt.%至20wt.%的乙基纤维素的面团,且其中所述脂肪/油组分包含至少50wt.%的在20℃下为液体的油;和烹饪所述面团。乙基纤维素有效减少来自所述熟面团产品的油迁移。
Description
本申请是申请日为2011年11月11日,国际申请号PCT/GB2011/001597,国家申请号为201180065024.X,发明名称为“包含乙基纤维素并呈现减少的油迁移的面团产品”的申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及呈现减少的油迁移的熟面团产品并涉及制备这类产品的方法。
熟面团产品通过烘烤或另外烹调包含面粉、水、油或脂肪组分,任选糖和任选发酵剂的面团进行制备。典型的熟面团产品包括曲奇、饼干、威化饼、薄脆饼干和蛋糕。这些产品通常包含至少1%的脂肪,并且更通常至少5%的脂肪,例如10%-30%的脂肪。广泛使用的脂肪的实例包括黄油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、椰子油和其它植物油、氢化植物油和包含其混合物的植物油的高熔化硬脂部分。这些结晶脂肪在产品特性如质地、外观、结构和保质期稳定性方面发挥多功能作用。
通常用于熟面团产品中的脂肪的缺点为其中包含的高量的饱和脂肪酸(SAFA)。通常可接受的是具有高SAFA含量和由此低含量的不饱和脂肪酸的脂肪不符合健康饮食。此外,在营养学家之中普遍持有的观点是包含高水平的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和/或多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的脂肪非常符合健康饮食。
因此,期望由基本上包含较低量的饱和脂肪酸和相当大量的PUFA的油代替熟面团产品中的高SAFA脂肪。
一些烘烤面团类产品的不期望特征是烘烤食品中发生脂质迁移,其导致脂肪起霜,这是由于在产品表面上的脂肪重结晶,和/或在储存后产品的油脂或油性外表。此外,当产品涂有巧克力时,由于来自底层产品的脂肪/油迁移,油迁移能导致巧克力涂层表面上不期望的起霜或油腻。使用液体油如MUFA和/或PUFA油代替面团类产品中的结晶脂肪使产品中油迁移的问题恶化。
EP-A-0206850描述了在很长一段时间内具有香浓的(moist)、蛋糕状软质地碎屑结构稳定并且在曲奇储存温度下具有减少的起酥油或脂肪渗漏的货架稳定的曲奇。通过使用大豆油和棕榈油的特定部分氢化混合物实现减少的油迁移。WO-A-2008150169描述了特别选择以减少饼干和薄脆饼干中的脂肪迁移的另外的脂肪混合物。US-A-4855152描述了用于烘烤食品中的脂肪和油的迁移抑制剂。迁移抑制剂由二饱和-单不饱和混合甘油三酯组成,含量为组合物中脂肪的10重量%或更多。
GB-A-2391448描述了使用多元醇防护材料的薄层如糖醇层抑制油迁移。
US-A-2010166911描述了具有减少的发酵时间的各种发酵面团配方。面团可包含0.1%至2%的脂肪和0.2%至1.6%或更高的一种或多种稳定剂,其为亲水胶体并可包含乙基纤维素。
US-A-20100015279描述了特别用于比萨饼饼底的无面筋面团产品。组合物可包含含量为0.15wt%或更少的半合成亲水胶体,如乙基纤维素。面团可包含各自含量多达15%的油和/或起酥油。
US-A-20060210673(Petrofsky)描述了可微波的面团组合物,其用于提供具有改进的质地坚固性的冷冻比萨饼饼底。这些面团包含添加剂,包括膳食纤维、水状胶体和约0.05wt%至约20wt%的各种“甲基纤维素”,其可包括乙基纤维素。
US-A-5281584描述了向曲奇添加水溶性纤维素醚。产生的曲奇据说适用于降低低密度脂蛋白血清胆固醇。
亟需减少熟面团产品中脂肪和油迁移的简单和便宜的方法。本发明的其它目标是提供包含液体油如含MUFA和/或PUFA的油的烘烤食品,其展现改进性质如减少的油迁移。
在第一方面中,本发明提供了包含面粉和油或脂肪的熟面团产品,其中所述熟面团产品还包含约0.25wt.%至约10wt.%的乙基纤维素。
在第二方面中,本发明提供制备熟面团产品的方法,其包括下列步骤:制备包含面粉、油和/或脂肪和水的面团,其中基于成分的干重,所述面团还包含约0.25wt.%至约10wt.%的乙基纤维素;和在高于约140℃的温度下烘烤面团。
已经发现在烘烤之前将乙基纤维素混入熟面团产品产生在烘烤后表现出减少的油迁移的产品。这使得可以使用更健康的油来制备熟面团产品而没有不可接受的来自产品的油迁移。相对于不包含乙基纤维素的相同组合物,本发明的产品表现出减少的油迁移。因此,在第三方面中,本发明提供了乙基纤维素特别是固体、颗粒状乙基纤维素作为减少来自熟面团产品的油迁移的面团中成分的用途。
术语“熟面团产品”或“烘烤食品”是指通过将面团或面糊(包含水、面粉和脂肪)通常与一种或多种糖和/或发酵剂和/或盐一起烹饪制备的产品。合适地,产品是饼干(即,美国用语的曲奇)、威化饼、薄脆饼干、糕点、含脂肪的面包如速制面包、烤饼(美国用语的饼干)或奶油蛋卷或蛋糕。最合适的是饼干(即,曲奇)。
本发明的产品通常包含至少1%的脂肪,且更通常包含5%-50%的脂肪,例如10%-45%的脂肪,在15%-30%的脂肪的实施方案中,其中术语“脂肪”是指总脂肪和油组分。
产品可在其至少一部分表面上涂有脂肪类涂层如巧克力,并且合适地其可基本上完全涂有这种脂肪类涂层,例如通过涂上糖衣。术语“脂肪类涂层”合适地是指具有连续脂肪相的固体或半固体涂层。在实施方案中,产品可为在巧克力基质或巧克力包衣糖果中的内含物的形式。
本文关于成分如脂肪/油、面粉、糖和乙基纤维素的规定的重量百分比范围是基于烘烤面团材料本身的重量,除了任何涂层如巧克力涂层之外,并且还除了固体内含物如坚果、葡萄干或巧克力屑之外。
乙基纤维素(EC)是营养有益纤维并且营养纤维是我们的饮食中通常缺乏的。然而,它不是可溶的膳食纤维。乙基纤维素并不显著溶于水;在20℃在水中的溶解度小于1g/升。此外,乙基纤维素是用于食品的GRAS材料(通常认为是安全的),使得EC,特别是具有中间粘度如约10cp至约100cp的EC尤其适用于本发明。cp值是指25℃下5%的EC的80%甲苯/20%乙醇溶液的厘泊形式的粘度,因此与EC的分子量有关。乙基纤维素的乙氧基的重量分数合适地为约25%至约75%,例如为约40%至约60%。合适的乙基纤维素可得自DowChemical Co.,注册商标为ETHOCEL。
本发明的烘烤面团产品合适地包含至少约0.25wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如至少约1wt.%的乙基纤维素。产品中乙基纤维素的最大量由成本和感官考虑决定。最大为约20wt%,合适地多达约10wt.%的乙基纤维素。合适地,本发明的产品包含基于熟面团产品的重量约2wt.%至约8wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如基于熟面团产品的重量约3wt.%至约6wt.%的乙基纤维素。因此,基于产品中油和/或脂肪组分的总重量,本发明的产品合适地包含约2wt.%至约30wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如基于产品中油和/或脂肪组分的总重量,约5%至约25%的乙基纤维素,通常约10%至约20%的乙基纤维素。乙基纤维素的最佳量依赖使用的其它成分和产品中油的量。例如,含大麦粉或燕麦粉的产品可能比含小麦粉的产品需要更少的乙基纤维素,因为使用前面的面粉制备的产品更不易油迁移。
合适地,本发明的方法包括将固体乙基纤维素,例如乙基纤维素粉末添加至面团混合物,或在制备面团之前或期间添加至一种或多种面团混合物的组分。例如,可在制备面团之前将乙基纤维素与面粉或面团的另一干燥固体组分混合。在其它实施方案中,以与用于形成面团的一部分水的分散体形式添加乙基纤维素。在不太优选的实施方案中,可用一部分油添加它,例如以油凝胶的形式。
基本上或相同地,乙基纤维素含量(基于面团中成分的干重,即,除了任何添加的水之外和除了下述面团中任何固体内含物的重量之外的成分的重量)的相同范围也适用于用于本发明方法的面团,因为面团中成分的干重与产品的干重相似。因此,基于面团的总重量,本发明的面团合适地包含至少约0.2wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如至少约0.8wt.%的乙基纤维素。合适地,基于面团的总重量,本发明的面团包含约1.6wt.%至约7wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如基于面团的重量约2.5wt.%至约5wt.%的乙基纤维素。同样地,因此,基于面团中油和/或脂肪组分的总重量,本发明的面团合适地包含约2wt.%至约30wt.%的乙基纤维素,例如基于面团中油和/或脂肪组分的总重量约5%至约25%的乙基纤维素,通常约10%至约20%的乙基纤维素。
本文的术语“油凝胶”是指具有均匀分散在凝胶相中并充当胶凝剂的乙基纤维素的连续油相的凝胶。油凝胶合适地为澄清和半透明的或甚至透明的具有上述真正凝胶的物理性质的材料。还可存在均匀分布在整个凝胶的表面活性剂。通过在高于乙基纤维素的玻璃转化温度的温度下,即高于约140℃的温度下将乙基纤维素溶于油中形成油凝胶。可在添加至面团混合物之前冷却油凝胶。然而,添加油凝胶形式的乙基纤维素不是优选的,因为油凝胶在面团制备步骤中可能不产生满意的混合并且乳油分层,并且产生的烘烤食品的性质并不令人满意。
本文的术语“油”和“脂肪”包括脂质如甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、磷酸甘油酯等。油在约20℃的温度下为可倾倒液体,而脂肪在相同温度下为固体或半固体。合适地,本发明使用的油(脂肪)包括或基本上由甘油三酯组成。本文使用的术语“脂肪酸”包括包含在例如甘油三酯中的脂肪酸残留物。
本发明提供的优势是其能实现用液体油如低SAFA油和可接受的油迁移性质,用较少或不用脂肪制备烘烤食品。因此,根据一些实施方案,总脂肪/油组分包含较少或没有氢化脂肪。本发明产品和方法中脂肪/油组分中的饱和脂肪酸的总量通常不超过35wt.%。甚至更合适地,脂肪/油组分的SAFA含量不超过30wt.%,最优选地它不超过总脂肪酸含量的25wt.%。
根据一些实施方案,在本发明的方法中制备的面团包含不大于10wt.%,甚至更优选不大于8wt.%的饱和脂肪。这里通过使总脂肪含量(wt.%)与饱和脂肪酸与总脂肪酸的重量比相乘计算饱和脂肪重量百分比。
换言之,饱和脂肪合适地代表小于15%,例如小于13%的本发明产品的总热量含量。
在科学文献中,许多健康益处归因于多不饱和脂肪酸。由于该原因,优选的是基于产品的总脂肪酸含量,用于本发明产品和方法的脂肪/油包含至少约5wt.%的多不饱和脂肪酸,例如约5%至约15%的多不饱和脂肪酸。不饱和脂肪酸的平衡由单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)组成。基于产品的总脂肪酸含量,MUFA含量合适地为至少约35wt.%,例如至少约50wt.%,通常至少约75wt.%。由于不饱和油的部分氢化伴随反式不饱和脂肪酸的形成并且由于通常认为这些反式不饱和脂肪酸是不期望的,因此基于产品的总脂肪酸含量,合适地用于本发明产品和方法的脂肪/油具有小于约2wt.%,例如小于约1wt.%的反式脂肪酸含量。
用于本发明产品和方法的脂肪/油组分有利地包含至少约50wt.%的一种或多种在20℃下为液体的油,合适地为至少约90wt.%的这种油,例如至少约99wt.%的这种油。
适合用于本发明产品和方法的高度不饱和的油合适地为植物油。例如,所述油可选自向日葵油、大豆油、油菜籽油、棉籽油、红花油、玉米油、橄榄油及其组合。每当术语向日葵油用于此处时,该术语意思包括任何类型的向日葵油,包括例如,高油酸向日葵油。同样适用于其它植物油,例如油菜籽油,其包括高芥子酸油菜籽油。
能以常规方式使用混合/乳油分层步骤和形成面团步骤制备用于本发明的面团。合适地,面团为可塑,不可倾倒面团,或其可为可倾倒面糊。
面团通常包含40wt.%-85wt.%的面粉。在实施方案中,面团合适地包含40wt.%-70wt.%,例如45wt.%-65wt.%的面粉。用于面团的面粉选自常规配料线。面粉组分可为任何粉碎的谷物颗粒或可食用棉籽粉,如小麦粉、玉米粉、玉米淀粉、改性淀粉、大米粉、土豆粉、大麦粉等。小麦粉是优选的,并且可为漂白或未漂白的。合适地,小麦粉为软小麦粉。
合适地,用于制备本发明产品并用于本发明方法的面团包含15%-50%的油/脂肪组分,以面粉重量计。
基于面粉的重量,面团可包含多达约5重量%,通常约1重量%至约3重量%的发酵体系。合适的发酵体系包含碳酸氢钠,例如结合磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸氢铵。
除面粉、水、脂肪和任选的发酵剂之外,面团合适地包含一种或多种糖如蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖及其组合。例如,面团可包含10重量%-40重量%的糖。通常,面团的总糖固体含量(除了固体内含物)为约20重量份至约110重量份的糖每100份的面粉组分。
除了下文描述的固体内含物之外,面粉、水、脂肪、发酵剂和糖的组合通常代表至少80wt.%,最优选至少90wt.%的面团。
调整面团的初始水分含量以提供面团期望的稠度以能实现适当混合、制作和成型。面团的总水分含量包括包含作为单独添加的成分的任何水以及面粉提供的水分(其通常包含约12重量%至约14重量%的水分)和配方中可能包含的其它面团添加剂的水分含量。考虑面团中所有水分来源,包括单独添加的水,面团的总初始水分含量通常为面团配方重量的约10%至约25%,除了固体内含物如坚果、葡萄干、巧克力屑等之外。通常使用基于面团的重量约12重量%至约16重量%的水分含量。
除了前述之外,用于本发明方法的面团可包含通常用于烘烤食品的面团的其它添加剂。合适的添加剂包括例如,巧克力液、盐、乳副产品、蛋或蛋副产品、香草,预胶化淀粉如预胶化玉米、小麦和蜡状玉米淀粉,花生酱、谷物(燕麦片)以及内含物如坚果、葡萄干和椰子肉,乳化剂如山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,甘油单酯和/或甘油二酯聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯,如聚山梨醇酯(例如,聚氧乙烯(20)山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯),和硬脂酰-2-乳酸钠,润湿剂如润湿剂糖(humectant sugar),甘油,糖醇如甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇和山梨醇和其它多元醇作为润湿剂是本领域熟知的。润湿剂多元醇(即,多羟基醇)的其他实例包括润湿剂二醇类,例如丙二醇和氢化葡萄糖浆。
尽管烘烤时间和温度针对不同面团配方、烤箱类型等变化,但通常烘烤时间可为约5分钟至约25分钟并且烘烤温度可为约140℃至约260℃,例如约160℃至约200℃。
总之,除了固体内含物之外面团合适地包含以重量计:约40wt.%至约85wt.%的面粉;多达约30wt.%的总糖;约10wt.%至约40wt.%的总油和脂肪;约0.8%至约6%的乙基纤维素;约1wt.%至约5wt.%的发酵组合物,和约5wt.%至约25wt.%的添加的水。
本发明熟面团产品的总脂肪含量通常为10wt.%-45wt.%。此外,产品有利地包含不大于10wt.%,例如不大于8wt.%的饱和脂肪。根据热量含量,饱和脂肪合适地代表小于15%,例如小于13%的产品的总热量含量。
本发明熟面团产品的水活性应小于约0.7,例如小于或等于约0.65以确保微生物货架稳定性。熟面团产品的水分含量合适地小于约10%,例如小于约5%,通常约1重量%至约4重量%。
总之,除了固体内含物之外熟面团产品合适地包含以重量计:约40wt.%至约85wt.%,优选约50wt.%至约75wt.%的得自面粉如淀粉和蛋白质的组分;多达约30wt.%,优选约10wt%至约30wt.%的总糖;约10wt.%至约45wt.%的总油和脂肪;约0.25wt.%至约10wt.%,优选约1wt.%至约6wt.%的乙基纤维素;和多达约10wt.%的水。
在实施方案中,熟面团产品为饼干(曲奇),其除了固体内含物之外包含以重量计:约40wt.%至约75wt.%的得自面粉如淀粉和蛋白质的组分;约10wt%至约30wt.%的总糖;约10wt.%至约45wt.%的总油和脂肪;1wt.%至约6wt.%,优选约2wt.%至约6wt.%的乙基纤维素;和多达约10wt.%的水。合适地,具有该组成的饼干(曲奇)至少部分涂有巧克力。
应当理解,与本发明任何一个或多个方面有关的本文描述的任何特征还可应用于本发明的任何其它方面。本发明的产品可适当地通过本发明方法之一获得或制备。
从下列描述中本发明的这些和其它特征变得更明显,其中对附图进行参照,其中:
图1显示用于检测饼干(曲奇)组合物的油迁移的敏感性的方法的示意图;并且
图2显示各个饼干(曲奇)组合物的检测的油损失与乙基纤维素含量的图。乙基纤维素含量为基于用于制备饼干的面团的总重量的重量百分比。检测的油损失为基于饼干的重量的重量百分比。
实施例1
在该实施例中,根据表1给出的配方制备饼干(USA:曲奇)产品。表中的百分比为基于包括水的成分的总重量的重量百分比。基于配方中脂肪(油)的重量,选择乙基纤维素的量使得配方1-7分别包含0重量%、3重量%、7重量%、10重量%、15重量%、20重量%和26.3重量%的乙基纤维素。
(1)通用脂肪(GPF)参考饼干。这些饼干的面团组成基于下表1中的配方1,其不含乙基纤维素,但用由棕榈油部分(未氢化)组成的常规硬饼干脂肪代替配方1中的向日葵油。GP脂肪的固体脂肪含量在20℃下为45%标称并且在25℃下为28%标称,如由ISO 8292热预处理9.1.1确定的。如下制备饼干。在速度5(BEAR Varimixer,Teddy)下将糖和常规饼干脂肪混合1min。然后,在接下来的2分钟内添加包含水、盐和碳酸氢钠的盐溶液。使制剂混合直至形成泡沫结构。速度变为0.3。尽可能快地将面粉倾入碗中。允许连续混合直至在碗的侧面和碗的底部看得见面团形成柱,没有游离脂肪。将面团滚出期望的厚度(3mm)并切成片并放置在烘烤托盘上。将饼干在180℃烤箱中烘烤13分钟,然后在冷却托盘上冷却。
(2)向日葵油参考饼干。通过上述用于GPF饼干的相同方法制备包含向日葵油而非GP脂肪并具有下表1中的配方1的向日葵油饼干。
(3)向日葵油与乙基纤维素预混合步骤:根据上述GPF步骤制备分别具有下表1中配方2至7的具有乙基纤维素(EC)和其它材料的不同组合的六种向日葵油饼干。在第一步与糖和向日葵油一起添加乙基纤维素,其它步骤与上述用于GP脂肪饼干的标准步骤相同。
(4)向日葵油与乙基纤维素主混合步骤:根据与上述GPF饼干相同的步骤,制备分别具有下表1的配方2、4、5和7的具有乙基纤维素(EC)和其它材料的不同组合的四种饼干。通过预混合乙基纤维素与面粉制备饼干。与小麦软面粉一起添加乙基纤维素,其它步骤与上述用于GP饼干的标准步骤相同。
(5)向日葵油与乙基纤维素有机凝胶步骤:伴随搅拌将向日葵油和乙基纤维素混合并加热至145℃直至混合物完全澄清,然后放置在冰箱(5℃)中以形成有机凝胶。在饼干制备过程中,首先在室温下在速度5下将糖和有机凝胶混合,其它步骤与标准步骤相同。通过将乙基纤维素作为有机凝胶预分散在油相中而以该方式制备分别具有来自表1的配方2、3、4和5的四种饼干。
表1
乙基纤维素粉末:Ethocel std 20Premium,Dow Wolff Cellulosics
向日葵油:FLORA纯向日葵油,Princes Ltd.
碳酸氢钠:小苏达,Super Cook Ltd.
糖:烘烤用砂糖,Tate&Lyle。
步骤1
为了精确定义油结合能力,将在实施例中制备的各个饼干样品粉碎并使用下列离心方法检测来自粉末状饼干的油迁移。将每个样品分成四个子样品以获得小于10%的偏差系数。
如图1所示,饼干粉末2添加至离心管1(型号=50ml,Sterilin),其底部具有滤纸卷4和滤纸4和饼干粉末2之间的金属筛3。将样品离心(HEVAEUS3SR+离心机,Thermo Scientific)30min(8999rpm,在30℃下)。在离心过程中,将油从饼干粉末转移至滤纸。在离心后,油耗尽的饼干粉末5和包含转移油6的滤纸保持由筛3分离。通过称重离心之前和之后的滤纸计算释放的油百分比。
P:作为饼干百分比的油释放(%)
g2:离心之后的滤纸重量
g1:离心之前的滤纸重量
gB:饼干粉末的重量。
图2通过离心后作为饼干百分比的释放的油描述了GP脂肪参考饼干、预混合向日葵油饼干、主混合向日葵油饼干、有机凝胶向日葵油饼干的油结合能力。
如图2所示,饼干中存在的乙基纤维素的量对油结合发挥重要作用。增加向日葵油饼干中存在的乙基纤维素的量增加油结合的量并减少漏出的量。主混合1和主混合2为针对不同EC水平的相同实验组的两次重复;在两组中油释放结果没有显著不同,证明实验的良好再现性。
预混合对主混合:二个程序都没有显著改变饼干的质量或味道。预混合和主混合程序之间没有显著不同,因此主混合程序能用作工厂工艺中制备饼干的方法,因为它是添加乙基纤维素的更简单方法。
预混合/主混合对有机凝胶:在低EC浓度(0.6%)下,使用有机凝胶程序制备的饼干的油释放高于预混合/主混合,但在较高EC浓度(1.9%、2.8%)下更低。然而,在较高乙基纤维素浓度(1.9%、2.8%)下,由有机凝胶程序制备的饼干的烘烤质量和味道不够好。饼干中的多孔结构不均匀,饼干表面不规则并且凸起,好像在烘烤过程中水不能以均匀方式出来。这表明在烘烤之前形成凝胶受烘烤过程干扰。
作为结论,乙基纤维素对从饼干中捕获油和减少油释放发挥良好作用。增加向日葵油饼干中存在的乙基纤维素的量增加油结合的量并减少漏出的量。
主混合程序能用于使用乙基纤维素制备饼干。在总重量形式的乙基纤维素浓度和作为饼干百分比的油释放之间有线性趋势,其能拟合至方程:y=-1.9444x+13.66。当需要特定油释放百分比时,该方程可用于计算乙基纤维素的浓度。因此,当向日葵油的油释放等于GP脂肪饼干时,基于面团的总重量,乙基纤维素的浓度将为4.85%。可能需要较高量的乙基纤维素以匹配一些结晶脂肪的油迁移性质。
应当理解,任何上述饼干实施例能涂有巧克力,例如在常规糖衣机中。期望生成的巧克力包衣产品在整个巧克力涂层展现减少的油迁移。
仅通过实例方式描述上述实施例。落入随附权利要求范围内的许多其它实施方案能容易地由有技术的读者完成。
Claims (16)
1.熟面团产品,所述熟面团产品包含面粉、脂肪/油组分和乙基纤维素,其中所述熟面团包含40wt.%-85wt.%的面粉、10wt.%至45wt.%的脂肪/油组分和0.25wt.%至20wt.%的乙基纤维素,基于所述产品的重量,并且其中所述脂肪/油组分包含至少50wt.%的在20℃下为液体的油。
2.如权利要求1所述的熟面团产品,其中所述产品包含1wt.%至8wt.%的乙基纤维素,基于所述熟面团产品的重量。
3.如权利要求1所述的熟面团产品,其中所述脂肪/油组分包含至少90wt.%的油。
4.如权利要求1所述的熟面团产品,其中所述油包含植物油。
5.如权利要求1或3所述的熟面团产品,其中所述油选自由向日葵油、大豆油、油菜籽油、棉籽油、红花油、玉米油、橄榄油及它们的组合所组成的组中。
6.如权利要求1所述的熟面团产品,其中所述产品包含小于10wt.%的饱和脂肪。
7.如权利要求6所述的熟面团产品,其中所述产品包含不大于8wt.%的饱和脂肪。
8.如权利要求1或3所述的熟面团产品,其中所述产品包含2wt.%至8wt.%的乙基纤维素。
9.如权利要求1或3所述的熟面团产品,其中所述产品包含3wt.%至6wt.%的乙基纤维素。
10.制备熟面团产品的方法,所述熟面团产品具有减少的油迁移,所述方法包括下列步骤:
制备包含面粉、水、脂肪/油组分和的乙基纤维素的面团,其中所述面团包含40wt.%-85wt.%的面粉、10wt.%至45wt.%的脂肪/油组分和0.25wt.%至20wt.%的乙基纤维素,基于除了添加的水之外的面团的重量,并且其中所述脂肪/油组分包含至少50wt.%的在20℃下为液体的油;
和烹饪所述面团。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述脂肪/油组分包含至少90wt.%的油。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述产品包含1wt.%至8wt.%的乙基纤维素,基于除了添加的水之外的面团的重量。
13.如权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中所述产品包含3wt.%至6wt.%的乙基纤维素。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法,所述制备面团的步骤包括分别加入油和乙基纤维素。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述制备面团的步骤包括加入包括油和乙基纤维素的油凝胶。
16.如权利要求10、11或15所述的方法,其中所述油是植物油。
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2011
- 2011-11-11 PL PL11791025T patent/PL2640193T3/pl unknown
- 2011-11-11 CN CN201710223030.2A patent/CN107006568B/zh active Active
- 2011-11-11 MX MX2013005381A patent/MX346568B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-11-11 BR BR112013012079-7A patent/BR112013012079B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-11-11 RU RU2013127224/13A patent/RU2551966C2/ru active
- 2011-11-11 CA CA2817188A patent/CA2817188C/en active Active
- 2011-11-11 ES ES11791025T patent/ES2795751T3/es active Active
- 2011-11-11 CN CN201180065024.XA patent/CN103384473B/zh active Active
- 2011-11-11 WO PCT/GB2011/001597 patent/WO2012066277A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-11-11 US US13/885,237 patent/US20140044839A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-11-11 AU AU2011330950A patent/AU2011330950B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-11 EP EP11791025.7A patent/EP2640193B1/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-12-16 US US14/971,824 patent/US11896018B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
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| US6620450B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2003-09-16 | Davisco Foods International, Inc. | Preservation of baked goods |
| US20060210673A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-21 | Petrofsky Keith E | Microwaveable dough compositions |
| CN101288414A (zh) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-10-22 | 北京亿利高科生物工程技术研究所有限公司 | 一种富含膳食纤维的面粉及其制备方法和用途 |
| US20100015279A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Zhang Huaxiao | Method and Formulations For Gluten-Free Bakery Products |
| CN101919424A (zh) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-22 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 焙烤产品 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| MA.A. RU´Z MART´NEZ等: "Influence of the concentration of a gelling agent and the type of surfactant on the rheological characteristics of oleogels", 《IL FARMACO》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2011330950A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
| WO2012066277A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| BR112013012079A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
| US20140044839A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| ES2795751T3 (es) | 2020-11-24 |
| RU2551966C2 (ru) | 2015-06-10 |
| RU2013127224A (ru) | 2014-12-27 |
| EP2640193A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| MX2013005381A (es) | 2013-10-07 |
| CN103384473B (zh) | 2017-06-30 |
| CA2817188A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| GB2485421B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| PL2640193T3 (pl) | 2020-11-02 |
| CN103384473A (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
| EP2640193B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
| BR112013012079B1 (pt) | 2018-12-18 |
| GB201019314D0 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| GB2485421A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
| MX346568B (es) | 2017-03-24 |
| AU2011330950B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
| US11896018B2 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
| CN107006568B (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
| US20160100590A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
| CA2817188C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
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