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CN104301078B - 用于无线通信系统的击穿信令信道 - Google Patents

用于无线通信系统的击穿信令信道 Download PDF

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CN104301078B
CN104301078B CN201410509815.2A CN201410509815A CN104301078B CN 104301078 B CN104301078 B CN 104301078B CN 201410509815 A CN201410509815 A CN 201410509815A CN 104301078 B CN104301078 B CN 104301078B
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CN104301078A (zh
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阿列克谢·戈罗霍夫
董闵
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H04L1/001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding applied to control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Allocation of payload; Allocation of data channels, e.g. PDSCH or PUSCH
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于无线通信系统的击穿信令信道，揭示一种击穿业务信道的信令信道，其用于发送诸如确认(ACK)等信令。为发送信令，例如，基于跳频图案确定用于所述信令信道的资源。用扩展码(例如，沃尔什码(Walsh code))扩展信令以产生经扩展信令，所述经扩展信令被映射到用于所述信令信道的资源。可将每一资源分割成多个群集。可将信令消息映射到不同群集以实现分集。也可将业务数据映射到用于业务信道的经指派以供使用的其它资源。击穿映射到用于所述信令信道的其它资源的业务数据。进一步处理(例如，用于OFDM或SC‑FDMA)及传输经映射的信令及业务数据。

Description

用于无线通信系统的击穿信令信道
分案申请的相关信息
本案是分案申请。该分案的母案是申请日为2006年10月26日、申请号为200680048265.2、发明名称为“用于无线通信系统的击穿信令信道”的发明专利申请案。
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及通信，且更特定来说涉及用于在无线通信系统中传输信令的技术。
背景技术
无线通信系统广泛用于提供诸如语音、包数据、广播、消息接发等各种通信服务。这类系统可以是能够通过共享可用系统资源支持多个用户通信的多址系统。这类多址系统的实例包括码分多址(CDMA)系统、时分多址(TDMA)系统、及频分多址(FDMA)系统。
通信系统可采用具有反馈的传输方案以改良数据传输的可靠性。例如，传输器可将数据包传输给接收器，所述接收器发送回确认(ACK)(如果正确地解码所述包)或否认(NAK)(如果错误地解码所述包)。所述传输器使用ACK来终止所述包的传输及使用NAK来再传输所述包的全部或一部分。因此，所述传输器能够根据来自所述接收器的反馈为每一包传输恰好足够的数据。
多址系统中的基站可在任一既定时刻于正向链路及反向链路上与多个终端同时通信。正向链路(或下行链路)是指从基站到终端的通信链路，反向链路(或上行链路)则是指从终端到基站的通信链路。基站可在正向链路上将数据传输到多个终端且可在反向链路上从所述终端接收ACK及/或NAK(或ACK信息)。来自终端的ACK信息虽然有益，但代表系统中的开销(overhead)。
因此，在此项技术中需要用以在通信系统中有效地发送ACK信息的技术。
发明内容
下文阐述用于在通信系统中有效地传输信令的技术。所述信令可以是ACK信息或某些其它信息。在一个实施例中，使用击穿业务信道的信令信道来发送信令。所述信令信道也可称作控制信道、开销信道、反馈信道等等。所述信令信道可映射到资源，例如，时频段(time-frequency segment)，且每一业务信道可映射到不同的资源。每一时频段及每一时频块(time-frequency block)可以是时间及频率块。时频段及时频块可具有相同或不同的大小。所述信令信道击穿所述业务信道，这是因为在与用于所述信令信道的时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中不在所述业务信道上发送数据。因此，每当发生冲突，所述信令信道便击穿或取消所述业务信道。
在一个实施例中，使用码分多路复用(CDM)在所述信令信道上发送信令。在传输器(例如，终端)处，例如，基于所述信令信道的跳频图案最初确定用于所述信令信道的资源，例如，时频段。用扩展码(例如，沃尔什码)来扩展信令以产生经扩展信令，然后，将所述经扩展信令映射到用于所述信令信道的资源。在一个实施例中，将每一资源分割成多个群集，且将信令消息映射到多个资源中的不同群集以实现分集。可将业务数据映射到用于经指派以供使用的业务信道的其它资源。映射到用于所述信令信道的其它资源的业务数据被击穿。进一步处理(例如，针对OFDM或SC-FDMA进行调制)及传输经映射的信令及业务数据。
在一个实施例中，为在接收器(例如，基站)处接收信令，从用于所述信令信道的资源中提取所接收符号。用扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得经解扩展符号。也可用一个或一个以上不用于信令的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计。检测(例如，使用所述干扰估计，如果可用)所述经解扩展符号以恢复所述所传输的信令。可解扩展及组合来自不同群集提取的所接收符号以恢复在所述群集上所发送的信令消息。也可从用于所指派业务信道的资源中提取所接收符号。击穿从用于所述信令信道的资源所提取的所接收符号。处理所述未击穿的所接收符号以获得经解码数据。
将在下文中进一步详述本发明的各方面及实施例。
附图说明
结合图示依据上文所述的详细说明，人们将更易明了本发明的特征及性质，所有图示中相同的参考字符识别相同的元件。
图1显示无线通信系统。
图2图解说明正向链路上的H-ARQ传输。
图3A及3B显示两个副载波结构。
图4显示跳频方案。
图5A及5B显示两种用于ACK信道的信令传输方案。
图6显示对用于ACK信道的时频块的击穿。
图7A显示具有多个群集的ACK段。
图7B显示未被ACK段击穿的时频块。
图7C显示被ACK段击穿的时频块。
图8显示传输ACK消息以实现分集。
图9显示二进制信道树。
图10显示用于发送信令及业务数据的过程。
图11显示用于发送信令及业务数据的设备。
图12显示用于接收信令及业务数据的过程。
图13显示用于接收信令及业务数据的设备。
图14显示基站及终端的方块图。
图15显示传输数据及信令处理器的方块图。
图16显示接收数据及信令处理器的方块图。
具体实施方式
在本文中，“实例性”一词用于意谓“用作实例、示例或例证”。本文中描述为“实例性”的任一实施例或设计均未必应视为比其它实施例或设计更为优选或有利。
图1显示具有多个基站110及多个终端120的无线通信系统100。基站是与所述终端通信的站。基站也可称作接入点、节点B及/或某些其它网络实体，且可含有接入点、节点B及/或某些其它网络实体的某些或全部功能性。每一基站110均为特定地理区域102提供通信覆盖。依据使用术语的上下文，术语“小区”可指基站及/或其覆盖区域。为改良系统容量，可将基站的覆盖区域划分成多个更小的区域，例如三个更小的区域104a、104b及104c。每一更小的区域均由相应的基站收发器子系统(BTS)服务。依据使用术语的上下文，术语“扇区”可指BTS及/或其覆盖范区域。对于扇区化小区来说，所述小区中所有扇区的BTS通常共同位于所述小区的基站内。本文中所述的信令传输技术可用于具有扇区化小区的系统以及具有非扇区化小区的系统。为简明起见，在以下说明中，从种属上将术语“基站”用于服务扇区的站以及服务小区的站。
终端120通常分散于整个系统中，且每一终端可以是固定式或可移动。终端也可称作移动台、用户设备及/或某些其它装置，且可含有移动台、用户设备及/或某些其它装置的某些或全部功能性。终端可以是无线装置、蜂窝式电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调卡等等。终端可在任一既定时刻在正向链路及反向链路上与零个、一个或多个基站通信。
对于集中式体系结构来说，系统控制器130耦合到基站110并为所述基站提供协调及控制。系统控制器130可以是单个网络实体或网络实体的集合。对于分布式体系结构来说，基站可根据需要来相互通信。
本文中所述的信令传输技术可用于发送各种类型的信令，例如，ACK信息、功率控制命令、信道质量指示符(CQI)、对系统资源的请求、接入探针、反馈信息等等。这类技术可用于正向链路以及反向链路。为清晰起见，下文将针对在反向链路上发送ACK信息来阐述所述技术。
系统100可采用混合式自动重复请求(H-ARQ)传输，其也称作递增冗余(IR)传输。借助H-ARQ，传输器为数据包发送一个或一个以上传输直至所述包已由接收器正确地解码所述包或已发送最大数量的传输。H-ARQ改良数据传输的可靠性并在存在信道条件改变的情况下支持对包的速率自适应。
图2图解说明正向链路上的H-ARQ传输。基站处理(例如，编码及调制)数据包(包1)并产生多个(V个)数据块，其中V＞1。数据包也可称作代码字等等。数据块也可称作子包、H-ARQ传输等等。所述包的每一数据块可含有充足信息以允许终端在适宜信道条件下正确地解码所述包。所述V个数据块通常含有所述包的不同冗余信息。可在可具有任一持续时间的帧中发送每一数据块。所述V个数据块被每次一个地发送直至所述包被终止，且所述块传输被间隔开Q个帧，其中Q＞1。
基站在帧m中传输包1的第一数据块(块1)。终端接收并处理(例如，解调并解码)块1，确定错误地解码包1，且在帧m+q中将NAK发送到所述基站，其中q是ACK/NAK延迟且1≤q＜Q。所述基站接收所述NAK并在帧m+Q中传输包1的第二数据块(块2)。终端接收块2，处理块1及2，确定错误地解码包1，并在帧m+Q+q中发送回NAK。所述块传输及NAK响应可持续高达V次。对于图2中所示的实例来说，所述基站在帧m+2Q中传输包1的数据块3(块3)。所述终端接收块3，处理包1的块1到3，确定正确地解码所述包，并在帧m+2Q+q中发送回ACK。所述基站接收所述ACK并终止包1的传输。所述基站处理下一数据包(包2)并以类似方式传输包2的数据块。
在图2中，每隔Q个帧发送新数据块。为改良信道利用率，所述基站可以交错方式传输高达Q个包。在一个实施例中，第一交错形成有帧m、m+Q、等等，第二交错形成有帧m+1、m+Q+1、等等，且第Q个交错形成有帧m+Q-1、m+2Q-1、等等。所述Q个交错相互偏移一个帧。所述基站可在所述Q个交错上传输高达Q个包。例如，如果Q＝2，则所述第一交错可包括以奇数编号的帧，且所述第二交错可包括以偶数编号的帧。作为另一个实例，如果Q＝6，则可形成六个交错并可将其用于以交错方式发送六个包。一般来说，通常选择H-ARQ传输延迟Q及ACK/NAK延迟q以为传输器及接收器两者提供充足的处理时间。
出于清晰起见，图2显示对NAK及ACK两者的传输。假定在以下说明中是针对基于ACK的方案，如果正确地解码包，则发送ACK，但不发送NAK且通过不存在ACK来推测。
本文中所述信令传输技术可用于各种无线通信系统，例如，CDMA系统、TDMA系统、FDMA系统、正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统、单载波频分多址(SC-FDMA)系统等等。OFDMA系统利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)，其是一种将系统总带宽分割成多个(K个)正交副载波的调制技术。所述副载波也称作音调、频率组等等。通过OFDM，可用数据独立地调制每一副载波。SC-FDMA系统可利用：交错型FDMA(IFDMA)以在分布于系统带宽上的副载波上进行传输、本地化型FDMA(LFDMA)以在一个毗邻副载波块上进行传输、或增强型FDMA(EFDMA)以在多个毗邻副载波块上进行传输。一般来说，通过OFDM在频域中及通过SC-FDMA在时域中发送调制符号。
所述信令传输技术也可与各种副载波结构一起使用。为简明起见，以下说明假定总计K个副载波可用于传输且被赋予索引1到K。
图3A显示分布式副载波结构300。对于副载波结构300来说，将总计K个副载波布置成S个非重迭集合，以使每一集合包含N个均匀分布于所述总计K个副载波上的副载波。每一集合中的连续副载波均间隔开S个副载波，其中K＝S·N。因此，集合s含有副载波s、S+s、2S+s、...、(N-1)·S+s，其中s∈{1.....S}。
图3B显示块式副载波结构310。对于副载波结构310来说，将总计K个副载波布置成S个非重迭集合，以使每一集合包含N个连续副载波，其中K＝S·N。因此，集合s含有副载波(s-1)-N+1到s·N，其中s∈{1，...，S}。
一般来说，所述信令传输技术可与具有任一数量副载波集合的任何副载波结构一起使用。每一副载波集合可包括可以以任一方式布置的任一数量的副载波。例如，每一集合中的副载波可均匀分布于系统带宽上(如图3A中所示)、处于相连状态(如图3B中所示)等等。所述副载波集合可包括相同或不同数量的副载波。
图4显示将时间及频率分割成时频块的实例性分割。时频块也可称作瓦片(tile)、业务块或某些其它术语。在一个实施例中，时频块对应于可跨越一个或多个符号周期的特定时间间隔中的特定副载波集合。符号周期是一个OFDM符号或一个SC-FDMA符号的持续时间。可在每一时间间隔中使用S个正交时频块。
系统100可界定业务信道以方便分配及使用可用系统资源。业务信道是用于从传输器发送数据到接收器的装置且也可称作信道、物理信道、物理层信道、数据信道、传输信道等等。业务信道可界定用于各种类型的系统资源，例如，频率及时间。
一般来说，可界定任一数量的业务信道，且所述业务信道可具有相同或不同的传输容量。为简明起见，在以下说明中的多数情形下假定界定S个业务信道，其中每一业务信道在用于数据传输的每一时间间隔中被映射到一个时频块。可将所述S个业务信道指派给高达S个终端。
图4还显示实例性跳频方案400。对于方案400来说，每一业务信道可映射到特定时频块序列，如图4中所示，所述时频块跨越不同时间间隔中的频率跳跃以实现频率分集。跳跃间隔是在既定副载波集合上所花费的时间量且对于图4中所示的实施例来说其等于一个时间间隔。跳频(FH)图案指示用于每一用于数据传输的时间间隔中的每一业务信道的特定时频块。图4显示用于业务信道y的时频块序列。其它业务信道可映射到垂直及循环移位版本的用于业务信道y的时频块序列。
跳频可与图3A及3B中所示的副载波结构一起使用。在称作符号速率跳跃的实施例中，时频块是一个符号周期中的一个分布式副载波集合(例如，如图3A中所示)。对于符号速率跳跃来说，用于业务信道的副载波跨越整个系统带宽且在符号周期之间改变。在称作块跳跃的另一个实施例中，时频块是多个符号周期中的一个相连副载波集合(例如，如图3B中所示)。对于块跳跃来说，用于业务信道的副载波在整个跳跃间隔期间是相连并固定且在跳跃间隔之间改变。也可界定其它跳频方案。
终端可在反向链路确认信道(R-ACKCH)上将ACK信息发送到基站以确认由所述基站在正向链路上所发送的H-ARQ传输。在以下说明中也将所述R-ACKCH称作ACK信道。再次参照图2，在一个可跨越一个或多个跳跃间隔的帧中发送H-ARQ传输。所述终端可针对每一其中从基站接收H-ARQ传输的帧发送ACK/NAK。以下将阐述数个用于不同帧大小的ACK信道的实施例。
图5A显示用于ACK信道的信令传输方案500。对于图5A中所示的实施例来说，一个帧跨越两个跳跃间隔，且所述ACK信道映射到每一ACK帧中的一个时频块。ACK帧是其中发送ACK信道的帧，而数据帧是用于数据传输的帧。如图2中所示，每一数据帧可与距其q个帧的ACK帧相关联。如下所述，所述ACK信道可击穿所述ACK信道所映射到的每一时频块的全部或一部分。
图5B显示用于ACK信道的信令传输方案510。对于图5B中所示的实施例来说(S＝32)，一个帧跨越一个跳跃间隔，且所述ACK信道映射到每一ACK帧中的四个时频块。所述ACK信道可击穿每一时频块的全部或一部分。
为清晰起见，图5A及5B显示每当ACK信道映射到用于业务信道y的时频块时所述ACK信道击穿一个业务信道y。所述ACK信道还击穿为清晰起见未在图5A及5B中标注的其它业务信道。终端可在所指派的业务信道(例如，业务信道y)上传输数据且可在所述ACK信道上传输ACK消息。如果许多业务信道均可用，则所述ACK信道仅击穿所指派业务信道上的一部分传输而主要击穿来自其它业务信道上的其它终端的传输。
一般来说，所述ACK信道可映射到每一ACK帧中的任一数量的时频块。在一个实施例中，所述ACK信道映射到每一ACK帧中的固定数量的时频块。这一固定数量可根据可用业务信道的数量及/或某些其它因素来确定。在另一个实施例中，所述ACK信道映射到每一ACK帧中的可配置数量的时频块。这一可配置数量可根据使用中的业务信道数量、在每一业务信道上所发送的包数量、可在每一时频块中发送的ACK位数量等等来确定。
图5A及5B显示通过ACK信道击穿业务信道的特定实施例。在另一个实施例中，所述ACK信道映射到一个或一个以上固定副载波集合，且所述业务信道环绕所述固定ACK信道跳频。在再一个实施例中，将所述S个副载波集合布置成G个区，其中每一区包括S/G个连续副载波集合。然后，所述ACK信道映射到每一区中的一个副载波集合。所述ACK信道也可以其它方式击穿业务信道。
一般来说，可以以伪随机或确定方式将ACK信道映射到时频块。所述ACK信道可映射到不同的副载波集合以实现频率及干扰分集，例如，如图5A及5B中所示。在一个实施例中，所述ACK信道相对于业务信道是伪随机且均等地击穿所述业务信道。这可通过跳跃ACK信道、跳跃业务信道或跳跃ACK信道及业务信道两者来到实现。FH图案可指示每一ACK帧中用于ACK信道的特定时频块。所述FH图案可发送到终端或终端可能先前已知。无论如何，终端已知道由ACK信道所占用的时频块。
图6显示由ACK信道击穿时频块的实施例。所述时频块覆盖N个副载波且跨越T个符号周期。一般来说，所述ACK信道可击穿所述时频块的全部或一部分。ACK段是用于ACK信道的时频段。ACK段是由所述时频块的被击穿且用于所述ACK信道的部分所形成。一般来说，ACK段可覆盖任一数量的副载波且可跨越任一数量的符号周期。在图6中未显示的实施例中，所述ACK信道击穿整个时频块。对于这一实施例来说，在所述整个时频块中发送所述ACK信道，且在所述时频块中不发送业务数据。在图6中所示的另一个实施例中，所述ACK信道击穿所述时频块的一部分。例如，所述ACK信道可击穿所述时频块的一半、四分之一、八分之一或某一其它百分比。如图6中所示，所述击穿部分可在时间及频率两者上均为相连。连续副载波上的传输可导致较低的峰值对平均功率比(PAPR)，这是合乎需要的。另一选择为，可跨频率、时间、或频率及时间两者扩展所述击穿部分。无论如何，在所述时频块的击穿部分中发送所述ACK信道，且可在所述时频块的剩余部分中发送业务数据。
图7A显示ACK段的实施例。对于这一实施例来说，所述ACK段覆盖8个副载波且跨越8个符号周期。所述ACK段包括64个传输单元。传输单元是一个符号周期中的一个副载波。对于图7A中所示的实施例来说，所述ACK段被分割成四个群集。每一群集覆盖8个副载波、跨越2个相连符号周期且包括16个传输单元。
一般来说，可以各种方式来分割ACK段。在另一个实施例中，每一群集覆盖两个副载波且跨越所有8个符号周期。在再一个实施例中，每一群集覆盖所有副载波且跨越所述ACK段中的所有符号周期。例如，群集1可包括符号周期1及5中的副载波1及2、符号周期2及6中的副载波3及4、符号周期3及7中的副载波5及6、及符号周期4及8中的副载波7及8。
图7B显示未被ACK段击穿的时频块的实施例。对于这一实施例来说，所述时频块覆盖16个副载波，跨越8个符号周期，且包括128个传输单元。导频符号可在某些所述传输单元上发送，而数据符号可在剩余所述传输单元上发送。如本文中所使用，数据符号是用于业务数据的符号，导频符号是用于导频的符号，其是基站及终端两者先前已知的数据，信令符号是用于信令的符号，且符号通常是复值。对于图7B中所示的实施例来说，在符号周期1、2、3、6、7及8中的副载波1、9及16上，或以六个由三个导频符号组成的条带来发送导频符号。所述导频符号可分布于频率上(例如，如图7B中所示)，且可用于导出用于所述时频块的信道估计。所述信道估计可用于对所述时频块中所发送数据符号实施数据检测。
图7C显示被ACK段击穿的时频块的实施例。对于这一实施例来说，在符号周期1、2、3、6、7及8中的副载波9及16上，或以四个由三个导频符号组成的条带来发送导频符号。所述导频符号可用于导出用于所述时频块的未击穿部分的信道估计。
图7B及7C中所示的实施例允许服务扇区导出用于一个或一个以上相邻扇区的ACK段的干扰估计。如果时频块未被用于所述服务扇区的ACK段击穿，则终端可在所述整个时频块上传输到所述服务扇区。然而，这一时频块可能与一个或一个以上相邻扇区的ACK段相冲突。在这种情况中，所述时频块的下半部分可观察来自所述相邻扇区的ACK段的较高干扰。所述服务扇区可根据在符号周期1、2、3、6、7及8中的副载波1上所发送的导频符号来估计来自其它扇区的干扰。所述服务扇区可将所述干扰估计用于对所述时频块中所发送数据符号进行数据检测。
图7B及7C显示在时频块中用于发送导频及数据的实施例。也可使用时频块的各种其它图案来发送导频及数据。一般来说，可在时频块上发送充足数量的导频符号，以允许服务扇区在及不在被所述服务扇区的ACK段击穿的情形下导出用于所述时频块的信道估计。充足数量的导频符号可经定位以使所述服务扇区导出来自相邻扇区的用于所述ACK段的干扰估计。
终端可为每一从基站所接收的H-ARQ传输发送ACK消息。每一ACK消息中所发送的信息量可取决于对应H-ARQ传输中所发送的包数量。在一个实施例中，一ACK消息包括一个确认用于一个包的H-ARQ传输的位。在另一个实施例中，ACK消息包括多个(B个)确认用于B个包的H-ARQ传输的位。在一个实施例中，用开/关键控来发送ACK消息，例如，“1”用于ACK而“0”用于NAK。在另一个实施例中，在传输前编码ACK消息。
多个终端可使用码分多路复用(CDM)、时分多路复用(TDM)、频分多路复用(FDM)、某一其它正交多路复用方案或其组合来发送其ACK消息。多个终端可使用任一正交多路复用方案在ACK段的相同群集中发送其ACK消息。
在一个实施例中，使用CDM来发送ACK消息。对于这一实施例来说，为所述终端指派不同的扩展码或序列，且每一终端用其扩展码来扩展其ACK消息。所述终端的经扩展ACK消息在码域中相互正交。
在一个实施例中，所述扩展码是通过哈达马矩阵的列所形成的正交码。2x2哈达马矩阵W 2×2及更大尺寸的哈达马矩阵W 2L×2L可表示为：
及 方程式(1)
如方程式(1)中所示，可形成正方维数为2的幂的哈达马矩阵(例如，2x2、4x4、8x8等等)。
在另一个实施例中，所述扩展码是通过傅立叶矩阵的列所形成的正交码。LxL傅立叶矩阵F LxL具有第m列第n行中的元素fn，m，其可表示为：
其中n＝1，...，L且m＝1，...，L. 方程式(2)
如方程式(2)中所示，可形成任一正方维数的傅立叶矩阵(例如，2x2、3x3、4x4、5x5等等)。
如下所示，可通过L码片扩展码来扩展1位ACK消息以产生含有L个码片的经扩展ACK消息：
xu，i＝au·wu，i，其中i＝1，...，L， 方程式(3)
其中au是用于终端u的ACK位，其可具有为0或1的值，或au∈{0，1}；
wu，i是指派给终端u的扩展码的第i个码片；且
xu，i是用于终端u的经扩展ACK消息的第i个码片。
可通过将所述L个ACK码片映射到ACK段中的L个传输单元(例如，像OFDMA那样)，在频域中发送所述经扩展ACK消息的L个码片。另一选择为，可通过实施L点DFT/FFT以获得L个频域符号并将所述L个频域符号映射到ACK段中的L个传输单元(例如，像SC-FDMA一样)，以在时域中发送所述L个ACK码片。
对于图7A中所示的实施例来说，可在16个传输单元中发送1位ACK消息，且可用16码片扩展码来扩展所述ACK位以产生16个ACK码片。然后，可将所述16个ACK码片映射到一个ACK群集中的16个传输单元。高达15个的其它终端可使用其它扩展码在相同群集中发送其ACK消息。高达64个终端可在一个ACK段中发送ACK消息。
在一个实施例中，一子组可用扩展码用于发送ACK信息。剩余扩展码不用于发送ACK信息而是用于干扰估计。在一个实施例中，每一群集包括16个传输单元(例如，如图7A中所示)，八个扩展码可用于发送ACK信息且称作可用扩展码，而剩余的八个扩展码用于干扰估计且称作保留扩展码。对于这一实施例来说，八个可用扩展码适用于每一群集，且可在一个ACK段中发送高达32个的ACK消息。对于这一实施例来说，八个保留扩展码可用于每一群集中的干扰估计。通过分配更多扩展码用于发送ACK消息，便可在一个ACK段中发送多于32个的ACK消息。通过为所述ACK信道分配更多的ACK段，便可在一个ACK帧中发送多于32个的ACK消息。
在另一个实施例中，使用TDM或FDM发送ACK消息。对于这一实施例来说，为终端指派所述ACK信道的不同传输单元，且每一终端在其被指派的传输单元中发送其ACK消息。然后，终端的ACK消息将在时间及/或频率上相互正交。在基于图7A中所示ACK段的实施例中，可将一个群集中的八个行指派给八个终端，且每一终端可在所指派行中的两个传输单元上发送其ACK位。在另一个实施例中，形成四个群集，其中每一群集覆盖两个副载波且跨越8个符号周期。可将一个群集中的八个列指派给八个终端，且每一终端可在所指派列中的两个传输单元上发送其ACK位。
图8显示用于传输ACK消息以实现频率及时间分集的实施例。对于这一实施例来说，在多个(C)ACK段中的不同群集上发送所述ACK消息(每一ACK段中一个群集)。对于图8中所示的实施例来说，C＝4且在四个ACK段中的四个不同群集上发送所述ACK消息以实现时间分集。在较长时间间隔上发送ACK消息也可改良位于覆盖区域边缘处的终端的链路预算。所述劣势终端通常在传输功率上具有上限。ACK消息的传输时间间隔越长允许劣势终端通过扩展在更长时间周期上的更多能量来传输ACK消息，这改良正确地接收ACK消息的可能性。所述ACK消息还实现频率分集，这是因为四个ACK段占据不同的2个符号间隔中的不同副载波集合。可通过在C个ACK段中的不同群集中发送ACK消息来为所述ACK消息实现第C阶分集。
在一个实施例中，在C个ACK段中的不同群集上发送ACK消息，且以伪随机或确定方式将终端映射到所述群集中，以使每一终端的ACK消息观察来自所述C个群集中的每一者(其上发送所述ACK消息)中的不同终端集合的干扰。这一实施例为每一终端所发送的ACK消息提供时间及频率分集。这一实施例进一步提供关于来自其它终端的干扰的分集。
基站实施互补解扩展以恢复有所述终端所发送的ACK消息。对于每一终端u，所述基站通过指派给终端u的扩展码解扩展从终端u所用的C个群集中的每一者所接收的符号并获得用于所述C个群集的C个经解扩展符号。对于所述C个群集中的每一者来说，所述基站还可通过保留扩展码中的每一者解扩展所接收符号以获得用于所述群集的干扰估计。然后，如下所述，所述基站可通过用于所述C个群集的干扰估计来缩放并组合用于终端u的C个经解扩展符号，以获得用于终端u的所检测ACK消息。
本文中所述信令传输技术可与各种信道结构一起使用。以下将阐述实例性信道结构。
图9显示二进制信道树900的实施例。对于图9中所示的实施例来说，可使用S＝32个副载波集合。业务信道集合可经界定而具有32个副载波集合。为每一业务信道指派唯一信道ID并在每一时间间隔中将其映射到一个或一个以上副载波集合。例如，业务信道可经界定用于信道树900中的每一节点。可针对每一层，自上至下并自左至右依次编号所述业务信道。为对应于最顶部节点的最大业务信道指派为0的信道ID并将其映射到所有32个副载波集合。最低层1中的32个业务信道具有31到62的信道ID且称作基础业务信道。每一基础业务信道映射到一个副载波集合。
图9中所示的树结构对正交系统中的业务信道的使用设置某些限制。对于所指派的每一业务信道，为所指派业务信道的子集(或子代)的所有业务信道及所指派业务信道为其子集的所有业务信道均受到限制。受限制业务信道不与所指派业务信道同时使用，以使两个业务信道不会在相同时间使用相同副载波集合。
在一个实施例中，将ACK资源指派给每一经指派以供使用的业务信道。ACK资源也可称作ACK子信道或某一其它术语。ACK资源包括在每一ACK帧中发送ACK消息所使用的相干资源(例如，扩展码及群集集合)。对于这一实施例来说，可在所指派的ACK资源上发送每一业务信道的ACK消息。可以信令方式将所述指派的ACK资源发送到终端。
在另一个实施例中，ACK资源与信道树的最低层中的每一基础业务信道相关联。这一实施例允许指派最大数量的最小尺寸业务信道。对应于所述最低层上方的节点的较大业务信道可(1)将ACK资源用于所述较大业务信道下方的所有基础业务信道，(2)将ACK资源用于所述基础业务信道其中的译者，例如，具有最低信道ID的基础业务信道，或(3)将ACK资源用于所述较大业务信道下方的一个基础业务信道子集。对于以上选项(1)及(3)来说，可使用多个ACK资源发送所述较大业务信道的ACK消息以改良正确接收的可能性。如果使用(例如)多输入多输出(MIMO)传输并行发送多个包，则可为所述传输指派具有多个基础业务信道的较大业务信道。基础业务信道的数量等于或大于包数量。可将每一包映射到不同的基础业务信道。然后，可使用用于相关联基础业务信道的ACK资源来发送每一包的ACK。
在再一个实施例中，将ACK资源指派给每一将要确认的包。如果在一个帧中发送一个包，则可为一个终端指派一个ACK资源。如果在一帧中发送多个包(例如，使用较大业务信道或经由多个天线传输的空间多路复用)，则为一个终端指派多个ACK资源。
在再一个实施例中，H-ARQ传输可跨越多个交错，且在多个ACK帧中发送ACK消息。基站可组合多个ACK帧的所检测ACK消息以改良ACK检测性能。
系统100可支持单载波模式及多载波模式。在单载波模式中，可使用K个副载波来传输，且如上所述ACK信道可击穿业务信道。在多载波模式中，可将K个副载波用于多个载波的每一者。可针对所述多载波模式放大所述ACK信道，以支持更多业务信道及/或确认可通过更多载波所发送的更多包。
可控制ACK信道的传输功率以实现良好性能，这可有既定目标ACK-到-NAK错误率(例如，1％)、既定目标NAK-到-ACK错误率(例如，0.1％)、及/或某些其它量度予以量化。在一个实施例中，根据用于既定终端的ACK信道的所量测性能来调节用于所述终端的ACK信道的传输功率。在另一个实施例中，根据参考信道的传输功率来调节ACK信道的传输功率。所述参考信道可以是任一经常或定期发送的信道，例如，业务信道或信令信道(例如，信道质量指示符(CQI)信道)。ACK信道可将参考信道的传输功率用作功率参考。ACK信道的传输功率可经设置以等于所述功率参考加增量，所述增量可根据所述ACK信道的性能来调节。因此，所述参考信道是用于短期功率设定点而ACK信道的长期偏移是根据ACK性能来控制。
图10显示用于发送信令及业务数据的过程1000的实施例。所述信令可以是ACK消息或某一其它类型的信令。过程1000可由终端实施以在反向链路上进行传输。
对于图10中所示的实施例来说，用CDM发送信令。例如，根据用于击穿业务信道的信令信道的跳频图案确定用于所述信令信道的时频段(块1012)。产生信令(块1014)并用扩展码(例如，沃尔什码)扩展所产生的信令以获得经扩展信令(块1016)。将所述经扩展信令映射到用于所述信令信道的时频段(块1018)。每一时频段可包括多个群集。可将信令消息映射到多个时频段中的不同群集以实现分集。也可用其它多路复用方案而非CDM来发送所述信令。
处理业务数据并将其映射到用于经指派以供使用的业务信道的时频块(块1022)。击穿映射到用于所述信令信道的时频段的业务数据(块1024)。产生用于经映射信令及业务数据的OFDM符号或SC-FDMA符号(块1026)。
图11显示用于发送信令及业务数据的设备1100的实施例。设备1100包括用于确定用于击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段的装置(块1112)，用于产生信令的装置(块1114)，用于用扩展码(例如沃尔什码)扩展所述信令以产生经扩展信令的装置(块1116)，及用于将所述经扩展信令映射到用于所述信令信道的时频段的装置(块1118)。可将信令消息映射到多个时频段中的不同群集以实现分集。设备1110进一步包括用于处理并将业务数据映射到用于所指派的业务信道的时频块的装置(块1122)，用于击穿映射到用于所述信令信道的时频段的业务数据的装置(块1124)，及用于产生经映射信令及业务数据的OFDM符号或SC-FDMA符号的装置(块1126)。
图12显示用于接收信令及业务数据的过程1200的实施例。过程1200可由基站实施以接收在反向链路上所发送的信令及数据。确定用于信令信道的时频段(块1212)。从用于所述信令信道的时频段提取所接收符号(块1214)。处理所述提取的所接收符号以恢复所传输的信令。对于图12中所示的实施例来说，用指派给终端的扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得用于所述终端的经解扩展符号(块1216)。也可用不用于信令的扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计(块1218)。检测所述经解扩展符号(例如，通过干扰估计，如果可用)以恢复由所述终端所发送的信令(块1220)。可在多个时频段中的不同群集上发送信令消息。在这种情况中，自每一群集提取所接收符号并用扩展码予以解扩展且检测用于所述不同群集的经解扩展符号以获得所述信令消息。
从用于指派给终端的业务信道的时频块提取所接收符号(块1222)。击穿从用于所述信令信道的时频段提取的所接收符号(块1224)。处理所述未击穿的所接收符号以获得用于所述终端的经解码数据(块1226)。
图13显示用于接收信令及业务数据的设备1300的实施例。设备1300包括用于确定用于信令信道的时频段的装置(块1312)，用于从用于所述信令信道的时频段提取所接收符号的装置(块1314)，用于用指派给终端的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得解扩展符号的装置(块1316)，用于通过不用于信令的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计的装置(块1318)，及用于对所述经解扩展符号实施检测(例如，通过干扰估计，如果可用)以恢复由所述终端所发送的信令的装置(块1320)。也可从多个时频段中的不同群集来恢复信令消息。设备1300进一步包括用于从用于指派给所述终端的业务信道的时频块提取所接收符号的装置(块1322)，用于击穿从用于所述信令信道的时频段提取的所接收符号的装置(块1324)，及用于处理所述未击穿的所接收符号以获得用于所述终端的经解码数据的装置(块1326)。
图14显示图1中的基站110及终端120的一个实施例的方块图。对于这一实施例来说，基站110及终端120各自装备有单个天线。
在基站110处，传输(TX)数据及信令处理器1410接收用于一个或一个以上终端的业务数据、根据一个或一个以上为每一终端选定的编码及调制方案处理(例如，格式化、编码、交错及符号映射)用于所述终端的业务数据、并提供数据符号。处理器1410还产生导频符号及信令符号。OFDM调制器1412对数据符号、导频符号及信令符号实施OFDM调制并提供OFDM符号。如果系统100利用SC-FDMA，则调制器1412实施SC-FDMA调制并提供SC-FDMA符号。传输器(TMTR)1414调节(例如，转换为模拟、滤波、放大及上变频)OFDM符号以产生FL经调制信号，从天线1416传输所述FL经调制信号。
在终端120处，天线1452从基站110及可能的其它基站接收FL经调制信号并将所接收信号提供到接收器(RCVR)1454。接收器1454处理(例如，调节及数字化)所接收信号并提供所接收样本。OFDM解调器(Demod)1456对所接收样本实施OFDM解调并为总计K个副载波提供所接收符号。接收(RX)数据及信令处理器1458处理(例如，符号解映射、解交错、及解码)所接收符号并为终端120提供经解码的数据及信令。
控制器/处理器1470从处理器1458接收解码结果并产生用于终端120的ACK消息。TX数据及信令处理器1460产生用于所述ACK消息的信令符号、用于将要发送到基站110的业务数据的数据符号、及导频符号。OFDM调制器1462对数据符号、导频符号及信令符号实施OFDM调制并提供OFDM符号。传输器1464调节OFDM符号并产生RL经调制信号，从天线1452传输所述RL经调制信号。
在基站110处，来自终端120及其它终端的RL经调制信号由天线1416接收、由接收器1420调节及数字化、由OFDM解调器1422解调及由RX数据及信令处理器1424处理以恢复由终端120及其它终端所发送的ACK消息及业务数据。控制器/处理器1430接收所检测的ACK消息并控制在正向链路上到所述终端的数据传输。
控制器/处理器1430及1470分别指导基站110及终端120处的各种处理单元的操作。存储器1432及1472分别为基站110及终端120存储程序代码及数据。
图15显示终端120处的TX数据及信令处理器1460的实施例的方块图。处理器1460包括TX数据处理器1510、TX信令处理器1520及多路复用器(MUX)/组合器1530。
在TX数据处理器1510中，单元1512编码、交错及符号映射业务数据并提供数据符号。符号到副载波映射器1514将数据符号映射到指派给终端120的业务信道的时频块。击穿器1516击穿映射到用于所述ACK信道的时频段的数据符号并提供未击穿的数据符号。
在TX信令处理器1520中，数据扩展器1522用指派给终端120的扩展码扩展ACK消息并提供ACK码片。对于图15中所示的实施例来说，所述扩展是在频域中实施，且数据扩展器1522提供ACK码片作为信令符号。在图15中未显示的另一个实施例中，所述扩展是在时域中实施，且DFT单元将用于每一符号周期的ACK码片转变到频域并提供信令符号。对于两个实施例来说，符号到副载波映射器1524将信令符号映射到所述ACK信道的时频段中的适当群集。单元1530组合来自处理器1510的数据符号及来自处理器1520的信令符号并提供经映射的数据及信令符号。
图16显示基站110处的RX数据及信令处理器1424的实施例的方块图。处理器1424包括RX数据处理器1610及RX信令处理器1620。为清晰起见，下文阐述用以恢复来自一个终端u(例如，图14及15中的终端120)的业务数据及信令的处理。
在RX数据处理器1610中，符号到副载波解映射器1612从用于指派给终端120的业务信道的时频块提取所接收符号。击穿器1614击穿从用于所述ACK信道的时频段提取的所接收符号并提供未击穿的所接收符号。单元1616符号解映射、解交错及解码所述未击穿的所接收符号并提供用于终端120的经解码数据。
在RX信令处理器1620中，符号到副载波解映射器1622从用于所述ACK信道的时频段提取所接收符号。如果所述扩展是在频域中实施，则IDFT单元将用于每一符号周期的所接收符号转变到时域并提供用于解扩展的时域样本(图16中未显示)。如果所述扩展是在频域中实施(这显示于图16中且假定以下说明中是如此)，则解映射器1622提供用于解扩展的所接收符号。如下所述，数据解扩展器1624用指派给终端120的扩展码来解扩展来自每一群集的所接收符号：
方程式(4)
其中rc，i是来自群集c的第i个所接收符号；且
zu，c是来自用于终端u的群集c的解扩展符号。
如下所述，干扰估计器1626通过每一保留扩展码解扩展来自每一群集的所接收符号：
其中j∈RC 方程式(5)
其中zj，c是用于保留扩展码j的解扩展符号；且
RC是所有保留扩展码的集合。
然后，如下所述，干扰估计器1626通过求和用于保留扩展码的解扩展符号的平方值而导出用于每一群集的干扰估计：
方程式(6)
其中I0，c是用于群集c的干扰估计。
如下所述，一侦侧器1628根据用于所有群集之解扩展符号及干扰估计对终端120发送之ACK消息实施检测：
及 方程式(7)
方程式(8)
其中Ath是用于检测ACK位的阈值且ACKu是用于终端120的所检测ACK消息。方程式(7)计算用于每一群集的ACK位的解扩展符号的能量、根据对每一群集的干扰估计缩放用于所述群集的符号能量，且组合用于发送所述ACK位的所有群集的加权结果。
也可以以其它方法实施ACK检测。在另一个实施例中，基站110通过干扰消除实施ACK检测。例如，基站110可检测用于最强接收终端的ACK位、估计由于这一终端所致的干扰、从所接收符号中减去所估计的干扰、并基于经干扰消除的所接收符号检测用于下一最强接收终端的ACK位。在再一个实施例中，基站110实施相干ACK检测。对于这一实施例来说，基站110基于每一终端所发送的导频导出用于所述终端的信道估计并通过所述信道估计实施ACK检测。
可通过各种装置来实施本文所述的信令传输技术。举例来说，所述技术可实施于硬件、软件或其组合中。对于硬件实施方案来说，终端处的处理单元可实施于一个或一个以上专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、电子装置、其它设计用于实施本文所述功能的电子单元、或其组合中。基站处的处理单元也可实施于一个或一个以上的ASIC、DSP、处理器等等中。.
对于固件及/或软件实施案来说，可使用能实施本文所述功能的模块(例如，程序、功能等等)来实施所述技术。软件码可存储于存储器(例如，图14中的存储器1432或1472)内且由处理器(例如，处理器1430或1470)来执行。所述存储器既可实施于处理器内部也可实施于处理器外部。
应注意，本文中的信道的概念是指可由接入点或接入终端传输的信息或传输类型。无需或不利用专用于这类传输的固定或预定副载波块、时间周期或其它资源。
此外，时频段是可指派用于信令及数据的实例性资源。除时频段外，所述时频段还可包括频率副载波、传输符号或其它资源。
提供对所揭示实施例的上述说明希望使任一所属技术领域的技术人员均能够制作或使用本发明。所属技术领域的技术人员将易于得出所述实施例的各种修改，且本文所界定的一般原理也可应用于其它实施例，这并未背离本发明的精神或范围。因此，本文并不希望将本发明限定于本文所示的实施例，而是希望赋予其与本文所揭示原理及新颖特征相一致的最宽广范围。

Claims (31)

1.一种用于传输信令的设备，其包括：
传输信令处理器，其包括经配置以将信令映射到击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段以产生经映射信令的符号到副载波映射器，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据，且其中所述时频段跨越至少一个符号周期；
传输数据处理器，其包括：
击穿器，其经配置以击穿映射到所述信令信道的所述时频段的数据；以及
符号到副载波映射器，其经配置以将所述数据映射到业务信道的时频块，其中所述数据被映射到所述业务信道的所述时频块的其余部分；及
存储器，其耦合到所述至少一个处理器。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述信令包括对所接收数据传输的确认。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述传输信令处理器进一步包括经配置以用扩展码扩展所述信令的数据扩展器，且所述传输信令处理器的所述符号到副载波映射器经配置以将经扩展信令映射到所述信令信道的所述时频段。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备，其中所述扩展码从哈达马矩阵或傅立叶矩阵中导出。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述信令观察来自所述时频段的每一者中的一组不同的传输器的干扰。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述时频段覆盖不同的频率副载波。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中每一时频段包括多个群集，且其中所述传输信令处理器的所述符号到副载波映射器经配置以将信令消息映射到多个时频段的每一者中的群集。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传输信令处理器的所述符号到副载波映射器经配置以将所述信令消息映射到覆盖所述多个时频段中不同时间间隔的群集。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中根据跳频图案来确定所述信令信道的所述时频段。
10.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述传输信令处理器的所述符号到副载波映射器经配置以相对于所述业务信道以伪随机方式映射所述信令信道的所述时频段。
11.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述信令信道均等地取消所述业务信道。
12.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述业务信道是由二进制信道树界定，且其中所述二进制信道树中的每一节点与所述信令信道中的特定资源相关联。
13.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中每一业务信道与特定扩展码及所述信令信道中的特定资源相关联。
14.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以产生载送所述经映射信令的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)符号。
15.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以产生载送所述经映射信令的单载波频分多址SC-FDMA符号。
16.一种用于传输信令的方法，其包括：
产生供经由通信信道传输的信令；
将所述信令映射到击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据，且其中所述时频段跨越至少一个符号周期；及
将数据映射到业务信道的时频块，其包括：击穿映射到所述信令信道的所述时频段的所述数据，以及将所述数据映射到所述业务信道的所述时频块的其余部分。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其进一步包括：
用扩展码扩展所述信令，且其中将所述经扩展信令映射到所述用于所述信令信道的资源。
18.一种用于传输信令的设备，其包括：
用于产生供经由通信信道传输的信令的装置；
用于将所述信令映射到击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段的装置，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据，且其中所述时频段跨越至少一个符号周期；及
用于将数据映射到业务信道的时频块的装置，其包括：用于击穿映射到所述信令信道的所述时频段的所述数据的装置，以及用于将所述数据映射到所述业务信道的所述时频块的其余部分的装置。
19.如权利要求18所述的设备，其进一步包括：
用于用扩展码扩展所述信令的装置，且其中将所述经扩展信令映射到所述用于所述信令信道的资源。
20.一种用于接收信令的设备，其包括：
接收信令处理器，其包括经配置以从击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段中提取所接收符号的符号到副载波解映射器，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据，且其中所述接收信令处理器经配置以处理所提取的所接收符号以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的信令；
数据处理器，其包括：
符号到副载波解映射器，其经配置以从包括业务信道的时频块的资源中提取所接收符号；
击穿器，其经配置以击穿从包含所述信令信道的时频段的资源中所提取的所接收符号；以及
解码器，其经配置以处理未击穿的所接收符号以获得所述业务信道的经解码数据；及
存储器，其耦合到所述至少一个处理器。
21.如权利要求20所述的设备，其中所述接收信令处理器进一步包括数据解扩展器和检测器，所述数据解扩展器经配置以用扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得经解扩展符号，且所述检测器经配置以对所述经解扩展符号执行检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令。
22.如权利要求21所述的设备，其中所述数据解扩展器经配置以用至少一个不用于信令的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计。
23.如权利要求20所述的设备，其中所述接收信令处理器进一步包括数据解扩展器和检测器，所述数据解扩展器经配置以用扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得经解扩展符号，且用至少一个不用于信令的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计，及所述检测器经配置以用所述干扰估计对所述经解扩展符号执行检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令。
24.如权利要求22所述的设备，其中每一时频段包括多个群集，且其中所述接收信令处理器的所述符号到副载波解映射器经配置以从包括多个时频段的资源中的一群集中提取所接收符号，所述数据解扩展器经配置以用扩展码来解扩展所述多个时频段中每一者的所述提取的所接收符号以获得所述时频段的经解扩展符号，且所述检测器经配置以组合所述多个时频段的经解扩展符号以恢复信令消息。
25.如权利要求20所述的设备，其中所述设备进一步包括控制器，所述控制器经配置以将扩展码指派给终端以供在所述信令信道上发送信令，且其中保留至少一个扩展码以用于干扰估计。
26.一种用于接收信令的方法，其包括：
从击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段中提取所接收符号，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据；
处理所述提取的所接收符号以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的信令；
从包括业务信道的时频块的资源中提取所接收符号；
击穿从包括所述信令信道的时频段的资源中所提取的所接收符号；及
处理未击穿的所接收符号以获得所述业务信道的经解码数据。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述处理所述提取的所接收符号包括：
用扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得解扩展符号；及
对所述经解扩展符号实施检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述处理所述提取的所接收符号包括：
用扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得解扩展符号；
用至少一个不用于信令的扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计；及
用所述干扰估计对所述解扩展符号执行检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令。
29.一种用于接收信令的设备，其包括：
用于从击穿业务信道的信令信道的时频段中提取所接收符号的装置，其中所述信令信道击穿业务信道在于不在与所述信令信道的所述时频段相冲突的时频块的部分中的业务信道上发送数据；
用于处理所述提取的所接收符号以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的信令的装置；
用于从包括业务信道的时频块的资源中提取所接收符号的装置；
用于击穿从包括所述信令信道的时频段的资源中所提取的所接收符号的装置；及
用于处理未击穿的所接收符号以获得所述业务信道的经解码数据的装置。
30.如权利要求29所述的设备，其中所述用于处理所述提取的所接收符号的装置包括：
用于用扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得经解扩展符号的装置；及
用于对所述经解扩展符号执行检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令的装置。
31.如权利要求29所述的设备，其中所述用于处理所述提取的所接收符号的装置包括：
用于用扩展码解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得经解扩展符号的装置；
用于用至少一个不用于信令的扩展码来解扩展所述提取的所接收符号以获得干扰估计的装置；及
用于用所述干扰估计对所述经解扩展符号执行检测以恢复在所述信令信道上发送的所述信令的装置。
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