WO2022270492A1 - 電解コンデンサ、陰極体及び電解コンデンサの製造方法 - Google Patents
電解コンデンサ、陰極体及び電解コンデンサの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270492A1 WO2022270492A1 PCT/JP2022/024653 JP2022024653W WO2022270492A1 WO 2022270492 A1 WO2022270492 A1 WO 2022270492A1 JP 2022024653 W JP2022024653 W JP 2022024653W WO 2022270492 A1 WO2022270492 A1 WO 2022270492A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/0425—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material specially adapted for cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor, a cathode body provided in this electrolytic capacitor, and a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor.
- An electrolytic capacitor has an anode foil formed by forming a dielectric oxide film on a valve metal such as tantalum or aluminum, and a cathode foil made of the same or another valve metal foil facing each other.
- An electrolytic solution is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil. The electrolytic solution intervenes between the anode foil and the cathode foil and is in close contact with the uneven surface of the anode foil, functioning as a true cathode.
- Electrolytic capacitors in which a solid electrolyte is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil are also frequently used instead of the electrolytic solution. Electrolytic capacitors with this solid electrolyte are small, large-capacity, and have low equivalent series resistance, and are essential for miniaturization and high functionality of electronic devices. Manganese dioxide and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complexes are known as solid electrolytes.
- TCNQ 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane
- conductive polymers derived from monomers having ⁇ -conjugated double bonds are rapidly becoming popular as solid electrolytes. Examples of this conductive polymer include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).
- the conductive polymer exhibits high conductivity by using a polyanion such as an organic sulfonic acid as a dopant during chemical oxidation polymerization or electrolytic oxidation polymerization, and has excellent adhesion to the dielectric oxide film.
- electrolytic capacitors with a solid electrolyte are less effective in repairing defects in the dielectric oxide film than electrolytic capacitors with an electrolytic solution. Therefore, so-called hybrid type electrolytic capacitors in which a solid electrolyte is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil and are impregnated with an electrolytic solution are attracting attention.
- ESR Equivalent series resistance
- a metal carbide with a low specific electrical resistance such as TiC, WC, ZrC is formed on the surface of the cathode foil (for example, , see Patent Document 1).
- the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor can be reduced because the adhesion between the metal carbide and the conductive polymer is improved.
- an electrolytic capacitor has been proposed in which carbon is formed on the surface of a cathode foil by using a dry plating method such as ion plating (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- a dry plating method such as ion plating
- electrolytic capacitors may contain moisture.
- an aqueous solvent may be used as the solvent for the electrolytic solution, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent may be used as the solvent for the electrolytic solution.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is alcohol-based and contains a carboxylic acid or an ion-dissociative carboxylic acid salt as a solute, water is generated as the esterification progresses.
- the present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, and its object is to provide an electrolytic capacitor in which an increase in ESR is suppressed even in a high-temperature environment, a cathode body provided in this electrolytic capacitor, and an electrolytic capacitor. It is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the present inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of earnest research. That is, when the carbon layer is laminated on the cathode foil and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is more than 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 , the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor is reduced when the electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a high temperature environment of 120°C or higher. It will rise greatly when On the other hand, when a carbon layer is laminated on the cathode foil and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is suppressed to 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor is The increase was suppressed even when exposed to
- the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention is an electrolytic capacitor comprising an anode foil, a cathode body, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the anode foil is made of a valve metal, and the foil surface has The cathode body has a dielectric oxide film formed thereon, the cathode body has a cathode foil of a valve metal, and a carbon layer laminated on the cathode foil, and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is , 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the electrolytic solution may contain water.
- the electrolytic solution may contain an alcohol as a solvent and a carboxylic acid, a salt of a carboxylic acid, or both as a solute.
- the cathode foil may have a surface-enlarging layer on its surface, and may have the carbon layer on the surface-enlarging layer.
- the carbon material enters the depressions of the surface-enlarging layer, creating an anchor effect that causes the cathode foil and the carbon layer to adhere to each other, increasing the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer. becomes even more likely to fall.
- the carbon layer may be in pressure contact with the cathode foil.
- pressing the carbon layer against the cathode foil further facilitates lowering the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer. It is more preferable that the pressing of the carbon layer against the cathode foil and the formation of the surface-enlarging layer on the cathode foil coexist.
- the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil on which the surface-enlarging layer is formed, the carbon material of the carbon layer is pushed into the uneven pores of the surface-enlarging layer, and the carbon layer moves along the uneven surface of the surface-enlarging layer. It deforms, and the adhesion and fixability between the carbon layer and the cathode foil are further improved. Therefore, the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer can be further reduced.
- a solid electrolyte layer formed on the surfaces of the anode foil and the cathode body may be further provided.
- a cathode body of an electrolytic capacitor is also an aspect of the present invention, and the cathode body includes a cathode foil and a carbon layer formed on the surface of the cathode foil, and the interface resistance of the carbon layer is 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor is also an aspect of the present invention, and this method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor is a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor including an anode foil, a cathode body, and an electrolytic solution.
- the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil by pressing until the interfacial resistance becomes 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a capacitor element manufacturing step of manufacturing a capacitor element by facing the anode foil having a dielectric oxide film formed on the surface thereof to the cathode body manufactured in the cathode body manufacturing step. and an impregnation step of impregnating the capacitor element with an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic capacitor even if the electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a high-temperature environment, it is possible to suppress an increase in ESR caused by moisture.
- 4 is a graph showing temporal changes in the ESR increase rate of each example and each comparative example under a temperature environment of 125°C. 4 is a graph showing temporal changes in the ESR increase rate of each example and each comparative example under a temperature environment of 135°C. 4 is a graph showing temporal changes in the ESR increase rate of each example and each comparative example under a temperature environment of 150°C.
- Electrolytic capacitors are passive elements that store and discharge electric charges by obtaining electrostatic capacitance from the dielectric polarization action of a dielectric oxide film.
- This electrolytic capacitor includes an anode foil, a cathode body, an electrolyte and a separator, each having a dielectric oxide film formed on its surface.
- the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged to face each other, and the separator and the electrolyte are interposed between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged in a laminated type in which they are alternately laminated with a separator sandwiched therebetween, or arranged in a winding type in which they are wound with a separator sandwiched therebetween.
- the electrolyte is placed between the anode foil and the cathode body in the form of an electrolytic solution or both an electrolytic solution and a solid electrolyte layer.
- the electrolyte adheres to the dielectric oxide film on the anode foil and becomes a true cathode that conducts the electric field of the foil.
- the separator prevents shorting between the anode foil and the cathode body and retains the electrolyte.
- the cathode body comprises a cathode foil.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil of the cathode body are foil bodies made of valve metal.
- Valve metals include aluminum, tantalum, niobium, niobium oxide, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth and antimony.
- the purity of the anode foil is desirably 99.9% or higher, and the purity of the cathode foil is desirably about 99% or higher, but impurities such as silicon, iron, copper, magnesium and zinc may be contained.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil are formed with a surface-enlarging layer having a surface-enlarging structure on one side or both sides of the foil.
- the surface enlarging layer is formed by electrolytic etching, chemical etching, sandblasting, or the like, or by depositing or sintering metal particles or the like on a foil. That is, the spreading layer consists of tunnel-like pits, spongy pits, or voids between dense particles.
- Electrolytic etching includes direct current etching or alternating current etching in which direct current or alternating current is applied in an acidic aqueous solution containing halogen ions such as hydrochloric acid.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil are immersed in an acid solution or an alkaline solution.
- the tunnel-shaped pit may be formed with a length that penetrates the foil, or may be formed with a length that does not reach the center of the foil.
- the dielectric oxide film of the anode foil is typically an oxide film formed on the surface layer of the anode foil.
- This dielectric oxide film is, for example, aluminum oxide obtained by oxidizing the surface layer of the surface enlarging layer if the anode foil is an aluminum foil.
- the dielectric oxide film is intentionally formed by chemical conversion treatment in which a voltage is applied in a halogen ion-absent solution such as an aqueous solution of adipic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
- An oxide film may be intentionally formed on the surface layer of the cathode foil by this chemical conversion treatment, or an oxide film may be formed naturally.
- the naturally occurring oxide film on the surface layer of the cathode foil is formed when the cathode foil reacts with oxygen in the air.
- the cathode body has a carbon layer in addition to the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is laminated on the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is a layer containing a carbon material.
- the carbon material is fibrous carbon, carbon powder, or a mixture thereof.
- the fibrous carbon and carbon powder are preferably subjected to a porosification treatment such as an activation treatment or an opening treatment for forming pores.
- Carbon powder is, for example, activated carbon, ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black or thermal Carbon black such as black, carbon nanohorn, amorphous carbon, natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphitized ketjen black, mesoporous carbon, and the like.
- Fibrous carbon includes, for example, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and the like.
- the carbon nanotube may be a single-walled carbon nanotube having a single graphene sheet, or a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) having two or more graphene sheets rolled coaxially and having a multi-layered tube wall.
- MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube
- the carbon layer and the cathode foil are adjusted so that the interfacial resistance is low. There is a correlation between the low interfacial resistance and the degree of adhesion between the carbon layer and the cathode foil. Therefore, by reducing the interfacial resistance, the gap between the carbon layer and the cathode foil can be reduced. If the gap between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is small, it becomes difficult for water in the electrolytic solution to come into contact with the surface of the cathode foil. If the chance of contact between the cathode foil and moisture is reduced, the hydration reaction between the cathode foil and moisture is suppressed, making it difficult for an oxide film to form on the surface of the cathode foil. becomes difficult to grow. The more difficult it is for the oxide film, which is an insulator, to be formed on the cathode foil, the more the increase in the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor is suppressed.
- the effect of suppressing the ESR increase by this mechanism is considered to be inversely proportional to the low interfacial resistance.
- the change in ESR of the electrolytic capacitor in a high-temperature environment significantly differs beyond the range that can be explained by this mechanism.
- the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, even if the electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a high temperature environment of 120° C. or higher, an increase in ESR of the electrolytic capacitor is suppressed.
- the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil exceeds 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 , the ESR of the electrolytic capacitor exposed to a high temperature environment of 120° C. or higher will increase greatly.
- the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is adjusted to 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- press working for press-contacting the carbon layer and the cathode foil is preferred.
- the laminate of the carbon layer and the cathode foil is sandwiched between press rollers to apply press line pressure.
- a press line pressure of about 0.01 to 100 t/cm is desirable.
- the press temperature which is the temperature of the press roller during pressing, is preferably about 0 to 200.degree.
- a carbon layer is formed on the cathode foil by vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, CVD, coating, electroplating, electroless plating, or the like.
- the carbon material is dispersed in a dispersion solvent to prepare a slurry, and the slurry is applied to the cathode foil by a slurry casting method, a doctor blade method, a spray atomizing method, or the like, and then dried.
- vacuum deposition the carbon material is vaporized by heating the carbon material in a vacuum, or is vaporized by irradiating the carbon material with an electron beam to form a film of the carbon material on the cathode foil.
- a target made of a carbon material and a cathode foil are placed in a vacuum vessel, an inert gas is introduced into the vacuum vessel, and a voltage is applied to collide the inert gas in plasma with the target. and the particles of the carbon material ejected from the target are deposited on the cathode foil.
- the oxide film formed on the cathode foil has the effect of increasing the interfacial resistance of the electrolytic capacitor, but also has the effect of improving the adhesion between the carbon layer and the cathode foil.
- the improvement in adhesion has a strong effect compared to oxide films outside this range, and the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is 1.5V. It is easily reduced to 1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a method for adjusting the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil forming a surface enlarging layer on the surface of the cathode foil can be mentioned.
- the carbon material of the carbon layer penetrates into the irregularities of the surface-enlarging layer, and the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil can be lowered. If the carbon layer and the cathode foil are pressed after forming the surface-enlarging layer on the cathode foil, the interfacial resistance can be lowered more easily.
- Carbon black which is spherical carbon
- the carbon layer becomes dense and the carbon layer easily adheres to the surface-enlarging layer, so that the interfacial resistance tends to decrease.
- the carbon material contained in the carbon layer may be scaly or scale-like graphite and carbon black, which is spherical carbon.
- the scale-like or scale-like graphite preferably has an aspect ratio of the short axis to the long axis in the range of 1:5 to 1:100.
- the interfacial resistance can be measured as follows. That is, the surface potential of the carbon layer of the cathode body on which the carbon layer is formed is measured at a plurality of positions.
- the surface of the carbon layer on which the potential is measured is, in other words, the surface opposite to the surface in close contact with the cathode foil, or the exposed surface of the cathode body.
- the measurement inspection needle is also brought into contact with the surface of the carbon layer, and the resistance calculated when a predetermined DC current is applied between the inspection needles is "Interfacial resistance at the cathode".
- a device suitable for obtaining the interfacial resistance at the cathode is, for example, an electrode resistance measurement system RM2610 manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is water, a protic organic polar solvent, or an aprotic organic polar solvent, either alone or in combination of two or more.
- Solutes include anionic and cationic components.
- the solute is typically a salt of an organic acid, a salt of an inorganic acid, or a salt of a complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid, and is used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the anion acid and the cation base may be separately added to the electrolytic solution as solute components.
- protic organic polar solvents examples include monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds.
- monohydric alcohols include ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, cyclobutanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, and benzyl alcohol.
- Polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methoxypropylene glycol, dimethoxypropanol and the like.
- aprotic organic polar solvents include sulfone-based, amide-based, lactones, cyclic amide-based, nitrile-based, and sulfoxide-based solvents.
- Sulfone-based solvents include dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, and the like.
- amides include N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N,N- diethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoricamide and the like.
- Lactones and cyclic amides include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and isobutylene carbonate.
- Nitrile type includes acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile and the like.
- the sulfoxide type includes dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- Organic acids include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid, enanthic acid, malonic acid, Carboxylic acids such as 1,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-octanedicarboxylic acid, azelaic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and tridecanedioic acid, phenols, and sulfonic acids can be mentioned.
- inorganic acids examples include boric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, carbonic acid, and silicic acid.
- Compound compounds of organic acids and inorganic acids include borodisalicylic acid, borodisalicylic acid, borodiglycolic acid, and the like.
- organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, and at least one salt of a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid include ammonium salts, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary amidinium salts, amine salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts. Salt etc. are mentioned.
- the quaternary ammonium ion of the quaternary ammonium salt includes tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and the like.
- Quaternized amidiniums include ethyldimethylimidazolinium, tetramethylimidazolinium, and the like.
- Amines of the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines.
- primary amines include methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine
- secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, ethylmethylamine and dibutylamine
- examples of tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine and tributylamine; ethyldimethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, and the like.
- an ion-dissociating salt containing an anion component that is an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid, and a cation component that is a base may be added.
- the solvent and solute of the electrolytic solution a combination containing water or an esterification reaction source is used. That is, the first pattern of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited except that the solvent contains water.
- the second pattern of the electrolytic solution monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, oxyalcohol compounds, or mixtures thereof are used as solvents, carboxylic acids or salts of carboxylic acids are included as solutes, and other is not particularly limited.
- the esterification reaction of alcohols and carboxylic acid produces water that undergoes a hydration reaction with the cathode foil.
- the third pattern of the electrolytic solution is a mixture of the electrolytic solutions of the first pattern and the second pattern.
- Additives include polyethylene glycol, complexes of boric acid and polysaccharides (mannite, sorbit, etc.), complexes of boric acid and polyhydric alcohols, borate esters, nitro compounds, phosphate esters, colloidal silica, etc. are mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the nitro compound suppresses the amount of hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic capacitor. Nitro compounds include o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol and the like.
- a capacitor element comprises an anode foil on which a dielectric oxide film is formed and a cathode body in which a carbon layer is laminated on a cathode foil, facing each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
- decompression treatment or pressurization treatment may be performed as necessary in order to promote the impregnation.
- the impregnation step may be repeated multiple times.
- a solid electrolyte layer is used together, the capacitor element having the solid electrolyte layer formed thereon is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- the solid electrolyte layer contains a conductive polymer.
- the conductive polymer is a conjugated polymer or a doped conjugated polymer.
- a conjugated polymer is obtained by subjecting a monomer having a ⁇ -conjugated double bond or a derivative thereof to chemical oxidation polymerization or electrolytic oxidation polymerization.
- a conductive polymer expresses high conductivity by performing a doping reaction on a conjugated polymer.
- conjugated polymer any known one can be used without any particular limitation. Examples include polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polyacene, polythiophenevinylene and the like.
- Conductive polymers typically include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) called PEDOT doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS). These conjugated polymers may be used alone, may be used in combination of two or more types, and may be a copolymer of two or more types of monomers.
- a known dopant can be used without any particular limitation.
- inorganic acids such as boric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ascotic acid, tartaric acid, squaric acid, rhodizonic acid, croconic acid, salicylic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1,2-dihydroxy- organic acids such as 3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, borodisalicylic acid, bisoxalateborate acid, sulfonylimidic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, propylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; mentioned.
- a polyanion can be used, and examples of the polyanion include polyvinylsulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyallylsulfonic acid, polyacrylsulfonic acid, polymethacrylsulfonic acid, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), polyisoprene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, and polymaleic acid.
- a dopant may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. Also, polymers or monomers may be used.
- This solid electrolyte layer is formed by impregnating a capacitor element with a dispersion liquid in which a conductive polymer is dispersed.
- a dispersion liquid in which a conductive polymer is dispersed.
- any solvent in which the particles or powder of the conductive polymer can be dispersed can be used, and water is mainly used.
- ethylene glycol may be used as a solvent for the dispersion. It has been found that the use of ethylene glycol as a solvent for the dispersion can reduce the electrical properties of the product, particularly the ESR properties.
- various additives may be used in the dispersion, or neutralization may be performed by adding cations.
- the capacitor element may be immersed in the dispersion liquid, drop coating, spray coating, or the like may be used. Moreover, not only the entire electrode pair, but also the anode foil or the cathode body may be impregnated with the dispersion before the capacitor element is assembled. In order to promote the impregnation of the electrode pair with the dispersion liquid, decompression treatment or pressurization treatment may be performed as necessary. This deposition step may be repeated multiple times.
- the solid electrolyte layer may be formed by a known electrolytic polymerization method or chemical polymerization method.
- chemical polymerization the solid electrolyte layer can be formed by impregnating a capacitor element with a solution of a monomer and an oxidant dissolved in a solvent and then drying it, or by mixing an electrode pair with a solution of a monomer dissolved in a solvent and an oxidant in a solvent. is alternately impregnated with a solution in which the is dissolved and then dried.
- the capacitor element is added to the mixture of the polymerizable monomer and the oxidant.
- a solid electrolyte is formed by immersing and heating to cause a polymerization reaction of the conductive polymer. Before or after this heat treatment, a water washing treatment for removing unreacted monomers and surplus monomers by washing with water may be performed.
- a solid electrolyte layer is formed by introducing a capacitor element into an electrolytic polymerization solution containing at least a monomer, a supporting electrolyte, and a solvent, and applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode.
- a monomer having conductivity by electrolytic polymerization can be used.
- Preferred monomers are thiophene monomers and pyrrole monomers.
- the capacitor element is impregnated in an aqueous solution for electropolymerization containing the monomer and sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate as a supporting electrolyte in a stainless container, and a predetermined voltage is applied. Thereby, it is possible to uniformly form a solid electrolyte layer of a water-soluble monomer (for example, thiophene, pyrrole, etc.) by electrolytic polymerization.
- a water-soluble monomer for example, thiophene, pyrrole, etc.
- Separators are made of cellulose such as kraft, manila hemp, esparto, hemp, rayon, and mixed paper thereof, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester resins such as their derivatives, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and polyfluoride.
- Polyamide resins such as vinylidene resins, vinylon resins, aliphatic polyamides, semi-aromatic polyamides, and wholly aromatic polyamides, polyimide resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, trimethylpentene resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, acrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, etc., and these resins can be used singly or in combination.
- the separator is responsible for holding the solid electrolyte layer and the electrolytic solution and preventing short-circuiting between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- each part of the capacitor element including the solid electrolyte layer can retain the electrolytic solution, and the solid electrolyte layer has a thickness sufficient to prevent short-circuiting between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the separator is optional.
- Such an electrolytic capacitor includes an anode foil manufacturing process for manufacturing an anode foil, a cathode body manufacturing process for manufacturing a cathode body, an element manufacturing process for manufacturing a capacitor element in which the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged opposite to each other, and a capacitor element and an electrolytic solution impregnation step of impregnating the capacitor element on which the solid electrolyte layer is formed with an electrolytic solution.
- a valve metal is stretched to form an anode foil, a surface-enlarging layer is formed on this anode foil, and then a dielectric oxide film is formed on the surface of this surface-enlarging layer.
- a valve metal is stretched to form a cathode foil, and a surface enlarging layer is formed on the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is formed on the cathode foil, and the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil by press working to reduce the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil to 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the anode foil on which the dielectric oxide film is formed and the cathode body are superimposed via a separator.
- anode foils, cathode bodies and separators are alternately laminated in multiple layers.
- the anode foil and the cathode body, which are superimposed with the separator interposed therebetween, are wound.
- the capacitor element is impregnated with a dispersion liquid in which the conductive polymer is dispersed.
- the capacitor element having the solid electrolyte layer formed through the solid electrolyte layer forming step is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- an electrolytic capacitor having an interfacial resistance of 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is produced. Even if this electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a high temperature environment of 120° C. or higher, the increase in ESR is suppressed.
- a water-based solvent is partially or wholly used as a solvent for the electrolytic solution, or alcohols are used as the solvent, and a carboxylic acid, a salt of a carboxylic acid, or both of these are contained as a solute, the effect is particularly useful. do.
- Examples 1 to 5 Solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced as follows.
- aluminum foil was used as the anode foil and the cathode foil.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil were subjected to an alternating current etching treatment to form a surface enlarging layer composed of spongy etching pits on both sides of the foil.
- the cathode foil is immersed in an acidic aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid as the main electrolyte at a liquid temperature of 25° C.
- the anode foil was subjected to a chemical conversion treatment to form a dielectric oxide film on the surface of the surface-enlarging layer of the anode foil.
- a voltage was applied in an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after removing chlorine adhering during the AC etching treatment with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.
- a carbon layer was laminated on the enlarged surface layer of the cathode foil to complete a cathode body comprising the cathode foil and the carbon layer.
- Carbon black was selected as the carbon material for the carbon layer.
- Carbon black powder, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) aqueous solution as a dispersant-containing aqueous solution are mixed and kneaded to prepare a slurry, and this slurry is uniformly applied to the cathode foil. was applied to Then, the slurry was dried by heating to volatilize the solvent.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC-Na carboxymethyl cellulose sodium
- press work was performed to press the carbon layer against the surface-enlarging layer.
- the cathode body was sandwiched between press rollers, and press line pressure was applied.
- the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer was varied for each example and comparative example by performing press working under different press conditions for each example and comparative example.
- Table 1 shows the press line pressure, press temperature and interfacial resistance of each example and each comparative example.
- the change in interfacial resistance with respect to press line pressure and press temperature also varies depending on, for example, the thickness of the cathode foil and the thickness of the carbon layer.
- Aluminum tab-shaped lead-out terminals were stitch-connected to the anode foil and the cathode body, respectively.
- a separator was sandwiched between the anode foil and the cathode body and wound to produce a capacitor element comprising the anode foil, the cathode body and the separator.
- As the separator a Manila-based separator was used. After the winding, defects caused by the winding were repaired and chemically formed.
- a conductive polymer dispersion was prepared.
- the dispersion consists of powders of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), a conductive polymer doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), dispersed in water.
- a capacitor element was immersed in the dispersion. During immersion, it was exposed to a pressure environment of 30 kPa for 120 seconds. After that, the capacitor element was pulled up and dried at 150° C. for 30 minutes. Soaking and drying were repeated twice.
- an electrolytic solution was prepared, and the capacitor element on which the solid electrolyte layer was formed was impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- An electrolytic solution was prepared by using ethylene glycol as a solvent and adding ammonium azelate as a solute.
- Ethylene glycol is a dihydric alcohol
- azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid
- the esterification reaction of ethylene glycol and azelaic acid produces water over time. Moreover, this esterification reaction is accelerated by being exposed to a high temperature environment.
- This capacitor element was inserted into a cylindrical exterior case with a bottom, and a sealing rubber was attached to the open end and sealed by caulking. Then, the solid electrolytic capacitor was subjected to aging treatment by being exposed to a temperature environment of 115° C. for 45 minutes.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples and Comparative Examples manufactured as described above had a rated withstand voltage of 25 WV, a rated capacity of 270 ⁇ F, and a size of 10 mm in diameter and 8 mm in height.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing temporal changes in the rate of increase in ESR of solid electrolytic capacitors left standing in a temperature environment of 125.degree.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing temporal changes in the rate of increase in ESR of solid electrolytic capacitors left standing in a temperature environment of 125.degree.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing temporal changes in the rate of increase in ESR of each solid electrolytic capacitor left standing in a temperature environment of 135°C.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing temporal changes in the rate of increase in ESR of each solid electrolytic capacitor left standing in a temperature environment of 150.degree.
- Table 2 shows the rate of increase in ESR after 2,088 hours of standing under the three temperature environments.
- the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 continues to increase significantly over time.
- the rate of increase in ESR over time was small, and the increase in ESR was suppressed. Therefore, after 2088 hours, there is a large difference in ESR between the groups of Comparative Examples 1-3 and the groups of Examples 1-5.
- the maximum value is 131.13 in the group of Examples 1 to 5, while the minimum value in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is 148.93. Yes, with a difference of 17.8.
- the maximum value is 146.74 in the group of Examples 1 to 5
- the minimum value in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is 187.79, which is a difference of 41.05.
- the maximum value is 210.22 in the group of Examples 1 to 5, while the minimum value in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is 284.28, a difference of 74.06.
- the difference between the groups of Examples 1 to 5 and the groups of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 increases remarkably.
- the group of Examples 1 to 5 is a group in which the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the groups of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are groups in which the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is 1.28 m ⁇ cm 2 or more.
- the cathode body has a cathode foil made of a valve metal and a carbon layer laminated on the cathode foil, and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 . It was confirmed that an increase in ESR in a high-temperature environment can be suppressed by setting the following.
- the adhesion between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is improved by forming an oxide film of about 0.5 to 3 V on the cathode foil, there is a concern that the interface resistance will increase due to the oxide film.
- the interfacial resistance to 1.1 m ⁇ cm 2 or less as in the present invention, the decrease in capacitance can be suppressed even if an oxide film is formed on the surface of the cathode foil.
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Abstract
Description
電解コンデンサは、誘電体酸化皮膜の誘電分極作用により静電容量を得て電荷の蓄電及び放電を行う受動素子である。この電解コンデンサは、誘電体酸化皮膜が表面に形成された陽極箔、陰極体、電解質及びセパレータを備えている。陽極箔と陰極体とは対向配置され、セパレータ及び電解質は、陽極箔と陰極体の間に介在する。陽極箔と陰極体とは、セパレータを挟んで交互に積層される積層型により配置され、又はセパレータを挟みつつ巻回される巻回型により配置される。
陰極体は、陰極箔を備えている。陽極箔及び陰極体の陰極箔は、弁金属を材料とする箔体である。弁金属は、アルミニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、酸化ニオブ、チタン、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス及びアンチモン等である。純度は、陽極箔に関して99.9%以上が望ましく、陰極箔に関して99%程度以上が望ましいが、ケイ素、鉄、銅、マグネシウム、亜鉛等の不純物が含まれていてもよい。
陰極体は、陰極箔に加えて、カーボン層を備えている。カーボン層は、陰極箔上に積層されている。カーボン層は炭素材を含有する層である。炭素材は、繊維状炭素、炭素粉末、又はこれらの混合である。繊維状炭素や炭素粉末は、賦活処理や孔を形成する開口処理などの多孔質化処理が施されていることが好ましい。
電解液の溶媒は、水、プロトン性の有機極性溶媒又は非プロトン性の有機極性溶媒であり、単独又は2種類以上が組み合わせられる。溶質は、アニオン及びカチオンの成分が含まれる。溶質は、典型的には、有機酸の塩、無機酸の塩、又は有機酸と無機酸との複合化合物の塩であり、単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。アニオンとなる酸及びカチオンとなる塩基を溶質成分として別々に電解液に添加してもよい。
固体電解質層は、導電性高分子を含む。導電性高分子は、共役系高分子あるいは、ドーピングされた共役系高分子である。共役系高分子は、π共役二重結合を有するモノマー又はその誘導体を化学酸化重合または電解酸化重合することによって得られる。共役系高分子にドープ反応を行うことで導電性高分子は高い導電性を発現する。
セパレータは、クラフト、マニラ麻、エスパルト、ヘンプ、レーヨン等のセルロースおよびこれらの混合紙、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、それらの誘導体などのポリエステル系樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン系樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂、ビニロン系樹脂、脂肪族ポリアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリアミド等のポリアミド系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、トリメチルペンテン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂等が挙げられ、これらの樹脂を単独で又は混合して用いることができる。
このような電解コンデンサは、陽極箔を作製する陽極箔作製工程と、陰極体を作製する陰極体作製工程と、陽極箔と陰極体を対向配置したコンデンサ素子を作製する素子作製工程と、コンデンサ素子に固体電解質層を形成する固体電解質層形成工程と、固体電解質層が形成されたコンデンサ素子に電解液を含浸させる電解液含浸工程とを経て作製される。
次の通り、実施例1乃至5並びに比較例1乃至3の固体電解コンデンサを作製した。これら固体電解コンデンサにおいて、陽極箔及び陰極箔にはアルミニウム箔を採用した。陽極箔及び陰極箔に交流エッチング処理を施し、海綿状のエッチングピットにより成る拡面層を箔両面に形成した。交流エッチング処理では、液温25℃及び約8重量%の塩酸を主たる電解質とする酸性水溶液に陰極箔を浸し、交流10Hz及び電流密度0.14A/cm2の電流を基材に約5分間印加した。更に、陽極箔に化成処理を施し、陽極箔の拡面層の表面に誘電体酸化皮膜を形成した。化成処理では、リン酸水溶液で交流エッチング処理の際に付着した塩素を除去した後、リン酸二水素アンモニウムの水溶液内で電圧を印加した。
実施例1乃至5並びに比較例1乃至3の固体電解コンデンサを3種の温度環境下に静置し、経過時間ごとのESRを測定した。ESRの測定の際には、100kHzの交流信号を固体電解コンデンサに加えた。そして、3種の温度環境下に静置する前の初期のESRに対する、各経過時間のESRの増加率(百分率)を計算した。計算結果を図1乃至図3に示す。図1は、125℃の温度環境下に静置された各固体電解コンデンサのESRの増加率の経時変化を示すグラフである。図2は、135℃の温度環境下に静置された各固体電解コンデンサのESRの増加率の経時変化を示すグラフである。図3は、150℃の温度環境下に静置された各固体電解コンデンサのESRの増加率の経時変化を示すグラフである。
Claims (8)
- 陽極箔と陰極体と電解液とを備える電解コンデンサであって、
前記陽極箔は、弁金属により成り、箔表面に形成された誘電体酸化皮膜を有し、
前記陰極体は、弁金属の陰極箔と、当該陰極箔上に積層されたカーボン層とを有し、
前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層との界面抵抗は、1.1mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする電解コンデンサ。 - 前記電解液は、水を含むこと、
を特徴とする請求項1記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記電解液は、溶媒としてアルコール類と、溶質としてカルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩又はこれらの両方を含むこと、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記陰極箔は、表面に拡面層を有し、当該拡面層上に前記カーボン層を有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記カーボン層は、前記陰極箔に対して圧接していること、
を特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記電解液に加えて、前記陽極箔と前記陰極体の表面に形成された固体電解質層を更に備えること、
を特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 電解コンデンサの陰極体であって、
陰極箔と当該陰極箔の表面に形成されたカーボン層とを備え、
前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層の界面抵抗が1.1mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする陰極体。 - 陽極箔と陰極体と電解液とを備える電解コンデンサの製造方法であって、
弁金属の陰極箔上にカーボン層を形成した後、界面抵抗が1.1mΩ・cm2以下になるまで、プレス加工により前記陰極箔に対して前記カーボン層を圧接することで、前記陰極体を作製する陰極体作製工程と、
前記陰極体作製工程で作製された前記陰極体に、誘電体酸化皮膜が表面に形成された前記陽極箔を対向させてコンデンサ素子を作製するコンデンサ素子作製工程と、
前記コンデンサ素子に電解液を含浸させる含浸工程と、
を含むこと、
を特徴とする電解コンデンサの製造方法。
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| KR1020237034297A KR20240022447A (ko) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | 전해 콘덴서, 음극체 및 전해 콘덴서의 제조 방법 |
| EP22828409.7A EP4336527A4 (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | Electrolytic capacitor, negative electrode body, and method for manufacturing electrolytic capacitor |
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| JP4882567B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-19 | 2012-02-22 | パナソニック株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサの製造方法及び固体電解コンデンサ |
| KR20080091707A (ko) | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-14 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 전해 콘덴서 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| JP2005109272A (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 固体電解コンデンサ |
| WO2006073014A1 (ja) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-13 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006190878A (ja) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-20 | Saga Sanyo Industries Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| WO2016174806A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| WO2020059609A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極体、電極体を備える電解コンデンサ、及び電極体の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN117203728A (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
| US12469648B2 (en) | 2025-11-11 |
| US20240290549A1 (en) | 2024-08-29 |
| KR20240022447A (ko) | 2024-02-20 |
| EP4336527A1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
| EP4336527A4 (en) | 2025-01-29 |
| JP7797789B2 (ja) | 2026-01-14 |
| TW202309950A (zh) | 2023-03-01 |
| JP2023002273A (ja) | 2023-01-10 |
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