WO2022270493A1 - 電解コンデンサ、陰極体及び電解コンデンサの製造方法 - Google Patents
電解コンデンサ、陰極体及び電解コンデンサの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270493A1 WO2022270493A1 PCT/JP2022/024656 JP2022024656W WO2022270493A1 WO 2022270493 A1 WO2022270493 A1 WO 2022270493A1 JP 2022024656 W JP2022024656 W JP 2022024656W WO 2022270493 A1 WO2022270493 A1 WO 2022270493A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/0425—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material specially adapted for cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor, a cathode body provided in this electrolytic capacitor, and a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor.
- An electrolytic capacitor has an anode foil formed by forming a dielectric oxide film on a valve metal such as tantalum or aluminum, and a cathode foil made of the same or another valve metal foil facing each other.
- An electrolytic solution is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil. The electrolytic solution intervenes between the anode foil and the cathode foil and is in close contact with the uneven surface of the anode foil, functioning as a true cathode.
- Electrolytic capacitors in which a solid electrolyte is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil are also frequently used instead of the electrolytic solution. Electrolytic capacitors with this solid electrolyte are small, large-capacity, and have low equivalent series resistance, and are essential for miniaturization and high functionality of electronic devices. Manganese dioxide and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complexes are known as solid electrolytes.
- TCNQ 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane
- conductive polymers derived from monomers having ⁇ -conjugated double bonds are rapidly becoming popular as solid electrolytes. Examples of this conductive polymer include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).
- the conductive polymer exhibits high conductivity by using a polyanion such as an organic sulfonic acid as a dopant during chemical oxidation polymerization or electrolytic oxidation polymerization, and has excellent adhesion to the dielectric oxide film.
- electrolytic capacitors with a solid electrolyte are less effective in repairing defects in the dielectric oxide film than electrolytic capacitors with an electrolytic solution. Therefore, so-called hybrid type electrolytic capacitors in which a solid electrolyte is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil and are impregnated with an electrolytic solution are attracting attention.
- the electrolytic capacitor in electrolytic capacitors, not only is the dielectric oxide film intentionally formed on the anode foil, but also the oxide film is formed on the surface of the cathode foil due to the reaction with air and the chemical formation of the electrolytic solution. . Therefore, the electrolytic capacitor can be regarded as a series capacitor in which capacitance, also called Cap (capacitance), develops on the anode side and the cathode side. In such electrolytic capacitors, it is important to ideally asymptote to infinity the capacity of the cathode side in order to draw out the capacity of the anode side efficiently.
- Cap capacitance
- an electrolytic capacitor has been proposed in which carbon is formed on the surface of the cathode foil using a dry plating method such as ion plating (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- the carbon layer prevents the penetration of the electrolytic solution into the surface of the cathode foil and prevents the new formation and growth of the oxide film on the cathode foil, thereby asymptotically approaching the capacity expressed on the cathode side to almost infinity, and the electrolytic capacitor.
- the capacity is assumed to be only the anode capacity.
- the present invention has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide an electrolytic capacitor in which deterioration of capacity over time is suppressed, a cathode body provided in this electrolytic capacitor, and a method for manufacturing the electrolytic capacitor. That's what it is.
- the present inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of earnest research. That is, when the carbon layer is laminated on the cathode foil, if the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is at least 1.8 m ⁇ cm It was suppressed to 30% or less.
- the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention is an electrolytic capacitor comprising an anode foil, a cathode body, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the anode foil is made of a valve metal, and the foil surface has The cathode body has a dielectric oxide film formed thereon, the cathode body has a cathode foil of a valve metal, and a carbon layer laminated on the cathode foil, and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is , 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the present inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of earnest research. That is, when the carbon layer was laminated on the cathode foil, focusing on the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer, the rate of decrease due to deterioration over time of the capacitance changed greatly at least at the boundary of 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 . In fact, when the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer was about 1.63 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, compared with more than about 1.63 m ⁇ cm 2 , the deterioration of the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor over time was suppressed well. .
- the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer may be 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the cathode foil may have a surface-enlarging layer on its surface, and may have the carbon layer on the surface-enlarging layer.
- the anchoring effect caused by the carbon entering the depressions of the surface-enlarging layer causes the cathode foil and the carbon layer to adhere to each other, increasing the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer. easier to go down.
- the carbon layer may be in pressure contact with the cathode foil.
- pressing the carbon layer against the cathode foil further facilitates lowering the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer. It is more preferable that the pressing of the carbon layer against the cathode foil and the formation of the surface-enlarging layer on the cathode foil coexist.
- the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil on which the surface-enlarging layer is formed, the carbon material of the carbon layer is pushed into the uneven pores of the surface-enlarging layer, and the carbon layer moves along the uneven surface of the surface-enlarging layer. It deforms, and the adhesion and fixability between the carbon layer and the cathode foil are further improved. Therefore, the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer can be further reduced.
- a cathode body of an electrolytic capacitor is also an aspect of the present invention, and the cathode body of the electrolytic capacitor includes a cathode foil and a carbon layer formed on the surface of the cathode foil,
- the interface resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the interface resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer may be 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor is also an aspect of the present invention, and this method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor is a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor including an anode foil, a cathode body, and an electrolytic solution.
- the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil by pressing until the interfacial resistance becomes 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a capacitor element manufacturing step of manufacturing a capacitor element by facing the anode foil having a dielectric oxide film formed on the surface thereof to the cathode body manufactured in the cathode body manufacturing step. and an impregnation step of impregnating the capacitor element with an electrolytic solution.
- the carbon layer may be pressed against the cathode foil by pressing until the interfacial resistance becomes 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the deterioration of the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor over time can be suppressed.
- An electrolytic capacitor is a passive element that obtains a capacitance from the dielectric polarization action of a dielectric oxide film and stores and discharges electric charges by the capacitance.
- This electrolytic capacitor includes an anode foil having a dielectric oxide film formed on its surface, a cathode body, an electrolytic solution, and a separator.
- the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged to face each other, and the separator and the electrolytic solution are interposed between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged in a laminated type in which they are alternately laminated with a separator sandwiched therebetween, or arranged in a winding type in which they are wound with a separator sandwiched therebetween.
- a solid electrolyte layer may be arranged between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the cathode body comprises a cathode foil.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil of the cathode body are foil bodies made of valve metal.
- Valve metals include aluminum, tantalum, niobium, niobium oxide, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth and antimony.
- the purity of the anode foil is desirably 99.9% or higher, and the purity of the cathode foil is desirably about 99% or higher, but impurities such as silicon, iron, copper, magnesium and zinc may be contained.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil are formed with a surface-enlarging layer having a surface-enlarging structure on one side or both sides of the foil.
- the surface enlarging layer is formed by electrolytic etching, chemical etching, sandblasting, or the like, or by depositing or sintering metal particles or the like on a foil. That is, the spreading layer consists of tunnel-like pits, spongy pits, or voids between dense particles.
- Electrolytic etching includes direct current etching or alternating current etching in which direct current or alternating current is applied in an acidic aqueous solution containing halogen ions such as hydrochloric acid.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil are immersed in an acid solution or an alkaline solution.
- the tunnel-shaped pit may be formed with a length that penetrates the foil, or may be formed with a length that does not reach the center of the foil.
- the dielectric oxide film of the anode foil is typically an oxide film formed on the surface layer of the anode foil.
- This dielectric oxide film is, for example, aluminum oxide obtained by oxidizing the surface layer of the surface enlarging layer if the anode foil is an aluminum foil.
- the dielectric oxide film is intentionally formed by chemical conversion treatment in which a voltage is applied in a halogen ion-absent solution such as an aqueous solution of adipic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
- An oxide film may be intentionally formed on the surface layer of the cathode foil by this chemical conversion treatment, or an oxide film may be formed naturally.
- the naturally occurring oxide film on the surface layer of the cathode foil is formed when the cathode foil reacts with oxygen in the air.
- the cathode body has a carbon layer in addition to the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is laminated on the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is a layer containing a carbon material.
- the carbon material is fibrous carbon, carbon powder, or a mixture thereof.
- the fibrous carbon and carbon powder are preferably subjected to a porosification treatment such as an activation treatment or an opening treatment for forming pores.
- Carbon powder is, for example, activated carbon, ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black or thermal Carbon black such as black, carbon nanohorn, amorphous carbon, natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphitized ketjen black, mesoporous carbon, and the like.
- Fibrous carbon includes, for example, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and the like.
- the carbon nanotube may be a single-walled carbon nanotube having a single graphene sheet, or a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) having two or more graphene sheets rolled coaxially and having a multi-layered tube wall.
- MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube
- This carbon layer is preferably formed so that the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is at least 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- this interfacial resistance is 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, the rate of decrease in capacity of the electrolytic capacitor over time can be kept low.
- the interfacial resistance exceeds 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 , the capacity decrease rate of the electrolytic capacitor increases rapidly.
- the phenomenon that the rate of capacitance decrease over time changes greatly before and after the interfacial resistance of 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 is speculation and is not limited to this, but is speculated as follows. That is, the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil has a correlation with the diameter and volume of pores between the carbon layer and the cathode foil.
- the interfacial resistance of 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less corresponds to a gap of diameter and volume that makes it difficult for the electrolytic solution to enter between the carbon layer and the cathode foil and prevents the electrolytic solution from contacting the surface of the cathode foil.
- the interfacial resistance becomes 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less
- the growth of the oxide film on the cathode foil is suppressed, and the capacity on the cathode side remains large. If the cathode side maintains a large capacity, the capacity of the anode side can be efficiently drawn out continuously, and the rate of decrease in the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor over time can be kept low.
- the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is from more than 1.63 m ⁇ cm 2 to 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, the rate of decrease in the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor increases sharply, but the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor does not decrease. rate was suppressed to 30% or less compared to the initial stage.
- the initial stage is before a load test in a high-temperature environment in which the electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a temperature environment of 125° C. and a DC voltage of 2.4 V is applied. Therefore, the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil should be at least 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a suitable method for adjusting the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is press work for pressing the carbon layer and the cathode foil together.
- the laminate of the carbon layer and the cathode foil is sandwiched between press rollers to apply press line pressure.
- a press line pressure of about 0.01 to 100 t/cm is desirable.
- the press temperature which is the temperature of the press roller during pressing, is preferably about 0 to 200.degree.
- a carbon layer is formed on the cathode foil by vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, CVD, coating, electroplating, electroless plating, or the like.
- the carbon material is dispersed in a dispersion solvent to prepare a slurry, and the slurry is applied to the cathode foil by a slurry casting method, a doctor blade method, a spray atomizing method, or the like, and then dried.
- the carbon material is vaporized by energizing and heating the carbon material in vacuum, or is vaporized by irradiating the carbon material with an electron beam in vacuum to form a film of the carbon material on the cathode foil.
- a target made of a carbon material and a cathode foil are placed in a vacuum vessel, an inert gas is introduced into the vacuum vessel, and a voltage is applied to collide the inert gas in plasma with the target. and the particles of the carbon material ejected from the target are deposited on the cathode foil.
- the oxide film formed on the cathode foil has the effect of reducing the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor, but also has the effect of improving the adhesion between the carbon layer and the cathode foil.
- the improvement in adhesion has a strong effect compared to oxide films outside this range, and the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is 1.5V.
- a method for adjusting the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil forming a surface enlarging layer on the surface of the cathode foil can be mentioned.
- the carbon material of the carbon layer penetrates into the irregularities of the surface-enlarging layer, and the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil can be lowered. If the carbon layer and the cathode foil are pressed after forming the surface-enlarging layer on the cathode foil, the interfacial resistance can be lowered more easily.
- Carbon black which is spherical carbon
- the carbon layer becomes dense and the carbon layer easily adheres to the surface-enlarging layer, so that the interfacial resistance tends to decrease.
- the carbon material contained in the carbon layer may be scaly or scale-like graphite and carbon black, which is spherical carbon.
- the scale-like or scale-like graphite preferably has an aspect ratio of the short axis to the long axis in the range of 1:5 to 1:100.
- the interfacial resistance can be measured as follows. That is, the surface potential of the carbon layer of the cathode body on which the carbon layer is formed is measured at a plurality of positions.
- the surface of the carbon layer on which the potential is measured is, in other words, the surface opposite to the surface in close contact with the cathode foil, or the exposed surface of the cathode body.
- the measurement inspection needle is also brought into contact with the surface of the carbon layer, and the resistance calculated when a predetermined DC current is applied between the inspection needles is "Interfacial resistance at the cathode".
- a device suitable for obtaining the interfacial resistance at the cathode is, for example, an electrode resistance measurement system RM2610 manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is water, a protic organic polar solvent, or an aprotic organic polar solvent, either alone or in combination of two or more.
- Solutes include anionic and cationic components.
- the solute is typically a salt of an organic acid, a salt of an inorganic acid, or a salt of a complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid, and is used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the anion acid and the cation base may be separately added to the electrolytic solution as solute components.
- protic organic polar solvents examples include monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds.
- monohydric alcohols include ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, cyclobutanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, and benzyl alcohol.
- Polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methoxypropylene glycol, dimethoxypropanol and the like.
- aprotic organic polar solvents include sulfone-based, amide-based, lactones, cyclic amide-based, nitrile-based, and sulfoxide-based solvents.
- Sulfone-based solvents include dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, and the like.
- amides include N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N,N- diethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoricamide and the like.
- Lactones and cyclic amides include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and isobutylene carbonate.
- Nitrile type includes acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile and the like.
- the sulfoxide type includes dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- Organic acids include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid, enanthic acid, malonic acid, Carboxylic acids such as 1,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-octanedicarboxylic acid, azelaic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and tridecanedioic acid, phenols, and sulfonic acids can be mentioned.
- inorganic acids examples include boric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, carbonic acid, and silicic acid.
- Compound compounds of organic acids and inorganic acids include borodisalicylic acid, borodisalicylic acid, borodiglycolic acid, and the like.
- organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, and at least one salt of a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid include ammonium salts, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary amidinium salts, amine salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts. Salt etc. are mentioned.
- the quaternary ammonium ion of the quaternary ammonium salt includes tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and the like.
- Quaternized amidiniums include ethyldimethylimidazolinium, tetramethylimidazolinium, and the like.
- Amines of the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines.
- primary amines include methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine
- secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, ethylmethylamine and dibutylamine
- examples of tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine and tributylamine; ethyldimethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, and the like.
- an ion-dissociating salt containing an anion component that is an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid, and a cation component that is a base may be added.
- Additives include polyethylene glycol, complexes of boric acid and polysaccharides (mannite, sorbit, etc.), complexes of boric acid and polyhydric alcohols, borate esters, nitro compounds, phosphate esters, colloidal silica, etc. are mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the nitro compound suppresses the amount of hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic capacitor. Nitro compounds include o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol and the like.
- a capacitor element is impregnated with such an electrolytic solution after preparation.
- a capacitor element comprises an anode foil on which a dielectric oxide film is formed and a cathode body in which a carbon layer is laminated on a cathode foil, facing each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
- decompression treatment or pressurization treatment may be performed as necessary in order to promote the impregnation.
- the impregnation step may be repeated multiple times.
- a solid electrolyte layer is used together, the capacitor element having the solid electrolyte layer formed thereon is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- the solid electrolyte layer contains a conductive polymer.
- the conductive polymer is a conjugated polymer or a doped conjugated polymer.
- a conjugated polymer is obtained by subjecting a monomer having a ⁇ -conjugated double bond or a derivative thereof to chemical oxidation polymerization or electrolytic oxidation polymerization.
- a conductive polymer expresses high conductivity by performing a doping reaction on a conjugated polymer.
- conjugated polymer any known one can be used without any particular limitation. Examples include polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polyacene, polythiophenevinylene and the like.
- Conductive polymers typically include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) called PEDOT doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS). These conjugated polymers may be used alone, may be used in combination of two or more types, and may be a copolymer of two or more types of monomers.
- a known dopant can be used without any particular limitation.
- inorganic acids such as boric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ascotic acid, tartaric acid, squaric acid, rhodizonic acid, croconic acid, salicylic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1,2-dihydroxy- organic acids such as 3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, borodisalicylic acid, bisoxalateborate acid, sulfonylimidic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, propylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; mentioned.
- a polyanion can be used, and examples of the polyanion include polyvinylsulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyallylsulfonic acid, polyacrylsulfonic acid, polymethacrylsulfonic acid, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), polyisoprene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, and polymaleic acid.
- a dopant may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. Also, polymers or monomers may be used.
- the solid electrolyte layer is formed by impregnating a capacitor element with a dispersion liquid in which a conductive polymer is dispersed.
- a dispersion liquid in which a conductive polymer is dispersed.
- any solvent in which the particles or powder of the conductive polymer can be dispersed can be used, and water is mainly used.
- ethylene glycol may be used as a solvent for the dispersion. It has been found that the use of ethylene glycol as a solvent for the dispersion can reduce the electrical properties of the product, particularly the ESR properties.
- various additives may be used in the dispersion, or neutralization may be performed by adding cations.
- the capacitor element may be immersed in the dispersion liquid, drop coating, spray coating, or the like may be used. Moreover, not only the entire electrode pair, but also the anode foil or the cathode body may be impregnated with the dispersion before the capacitor element is assembled. In order to promote the impregnation of the electrode pair with the dispersion liquid, decompression treatment or pressurization treatment may be performed as necessary. This deposition step may be repeated multiple times.
- the solid electrolyte layer may be formed by a known electrolytic polymerization method or chemical polymerization method.
- chemical polymerization the solid electrolyte layer can be formed by impregnating a capacitor element with a solution of a monomer and an oxidant dissolved in a solvent and then drying it, or by mixing an electrode pair with a solution of a monomer dissolved in a solvent and an oxidant in a solvent. is alternately impregnated with a solution in which the is dissolved and then dried.
- the capacitor element is added to the mixture of the polymerizable monomer and the oxidant.
- a solid electrolyte is formed by immersing and heating to cause a polymerization reaction of the conductive polymer. Before or after this heat treatment, a water washing treatment for removing unreacted monomers and surplus monomers by washing with water may be performed.
- a solid electrolyte layer is formed by introducing a capacitor element into an electrolytic polymerization solution containing at least a monomer, a supporting electrolyte, and a solvent, and applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode.
- a monomer having conductivity by electrolytic polymerization can be used.
- Preferred monomers are thiophene monomers and pyrrole monomers.
- the capacitor element is impregnated in an aqueous solution for electropolymerization containing the monomer and sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate as a supporting electrolyte in a stainless container, and a predetermined voltage is applied. Thereby, it is possible to uniformly form a solid electrolyte layer of a water-soluble monomer (for example, thiophene, pyrrole, etc.) by electrolytic polymerization.
- a water-soluble monomer for example, thiophene, pyrrole, etc.
- Separators are made of cellulose such as kraft, manila hemp, esparto, hemp, rayon, and mixed paper thereof, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester resins such as their derivatives, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and polyfluoride.
- Polyamide resins such as vinylidene resins, vinylon resins, aliphatic polyamides, semi-aromatic polyamides, and wholly aromatic polyamides, polyimide resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, trimethylpentene resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, acrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, etc., and these resins can be used singly or in combination.
- the separator is responsible for holding the solid electrolyte layer and the electrolytic solution and preventing short-circuiting between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- each part of the capacitor element including the solid electrolyte layer can retain the electrolytic solution, and the solid electrolyte layer has a thickness sufficient to prevent short-circuiting between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the separator is optional.
- Such an electrolytic capacitor includes an anode foil manufacturing process for manufacturing an anode foil, a cathode body manufacturing process for manufacturing a cathode body, an element manufacturing process for manufacturing a capacitor element in which the anode foil and the cathode body are arranged opposite to each other, and a capacitor element and an electrolytic solution impregnation step of impregnating the capacitor element on which the solid electrolyte layer is formed with an electrolytic solution.
- a valve metal is stretched to form an anode foil, a surface-enlarging layer is formed on this anode foil, and then a dielectric oxide film is formed on the surface of this surface-enlarging layer.
- a valve metal is stretched to form a cathode foil, and a surface enlarging layer is formed on the cathode foil.
- a carbon layer is formed on the cathode foil, and the carbon layer is pressed against the cathode foil by press working so that the interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil is 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, preferably. should be 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the anode foil on which the dielectric oxide film is formed and the cathode body are superimposed via a separator.
- anode foils, cathode bodies and separators are alternately laminated in multiple layers.
- the anode foil and the cathode body, which are superimposed with the separator interposed therebetween, are wound.
- the capacitor element is impregnated with a dispersion liquid in which the conductive polymer is dispersed.
- the capacitor element having the solid electrolyte layer formed through the solid electrolyte layer forming step is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- an electrolytic capacitor having an interfacial resistance of 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less or 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is produced. This electrolytic capacitor is prevented from decreasing in capacity over time.
- An electrolytic capacitor was produced as follows. First, an aluminum foil was used as the cathode foil. The aluminum foil was subjected to an alternating current etching treatment to form a surface enlarging layer composed of spongy etching pits on both sides of the foil. In the AC etching process, the cathode foil is immersed in an acidic aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid as the main electrolyte at a liquid temperature of 25° C. and about 8% by weight, and an AC current of 10 Hz and a current density of 0.14 A/cm 2 is applied to the substrate for about 5 minutes. Then, both sides of the aluminum foil were expanded.
- the aluminum foil was subjected to chemical conversion treatment to form an oxide film on the surface of the surface-enlarging layer.
- chemical conversion treatment a voltage was applied in an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after removing chlorine adhering during the AC etching treatment with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.
- Carbon black was selected as the carbon material for the carbon layer of the cathode body.
- Carbon black powder, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and a carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) aqueous solution as a dispersant-containing aqueous solution were mixed and kneaded to prepare a slurry.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC-Na carboxymethyl cellulose sodium
- This slurry was evenly applied to the cathode foil. Then, after the slurry was dried by heating to volatilize the solvent, the cathode body was press-worked. In the press working, the cathode body was sandwiched between press rollers and press line pressure was applied to fix the carbon layer on the cathode foil.
- an aluminum foil was used as the anode foil.
- a surface-enlarging layer composed of spongy etching pits was formed.
- the cathode foil is immersed in an acidic aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid as the main electrolyte at a liquid temperature of 25° C. and about 8% by weight, and an AC current of 10 Hz and a current density of 0.14 A/cm 2 is applied to the substrate for about 5 minutes. did.
- the anode foil was subjected to a chemical conversion treatment to form a dielectric oxide film on the surface of the surface-enlarging layer of the anode foil.
- a voltage was applied in an aqueous solution of adipic acid after removing chlorine adhering during the AC etching treatment with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.
- An aluminum tab-shaped lead-out terminal was ultrasonically connected to each of the anode foil and the cathode body. Then, a separator folded ninety-nine times is prepared, and the cathode body and the anode foil are alternately sandwiched between the folds, so that the cathode body and the anode foil are opposed to each other with the separator interposed therebetween, and the cathode body, the anode foil and the separator A laminate was produced. A regenerated cellulose fiber was used as the separator. The laminate was fixed with an imide tape so as not to open.
- the laminate was impregnated with an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution used ⁇ -butyrolactone as a solvent and added tetramethylimidazolinium phthalate as a solute.
- the laminate was sealed with a laminate material.
- a laminate cell electrolytic capacitor was produced.
- As the laminate material an aluminum material having a thickness of 110 ⁇ m was used. After the laminate cell was produced, it was subjected to aging treatment. In the aging treatment, a voltage of 3.35 V was applied for 60 minutes under a temperature environment of 105°C.
- each electrolytic capacitor differs in interfacial resistance between the carbon layer and the cathode foil by varying the press conditions for pressing the carbon layer to the cathode foil.
- Table 1 shows the press linear pressure, press temperature and interfacial resistance of the cathode body in each electrolytic capacitor. (Table 1)
- Table 2 below shows the calculation results of the capacity. Also, the results of Table 2 are shown in the graph of FIG. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between interface resistance and capacitance change rate ( ⁇ Cap). In the graph shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal axis represents the interfacial resistance, and the vertical axis represents the rate of change in capacitance ( ⁇ Cap).
- the cathode body of the electrolytic capacitor has a cathode foil made of a valve metal and a carbon layer laminated on the cathode foil, and the interfacial resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is at least It was confirmed that if the resistance is 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, the decrease in capacitance over time is suppressed. In particular, when the adhesion between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is improved by forming an oxide film of about 0.5 to 3 V on the cathode foil, there is a concern that the oxide film may increase the capacity decrease rate. By adjusting the interfacial resistance to 1.6 m ⁇ cm 2 or less as in the present invention, the decrease in capacitance can be suppressed even if an oxide film is formed on the surface of the cathode foil.
- the cathode body of the electrolytic capacitor has a cathode foil made of a valve metal and a carbon layer laminated on the cathode foil, and the interface resistance between the cathode foil and the carbon layer is is at least 1.8 m ⁇ cm 2 or less, the decrease in capacitance over time is suppressed to 30% or less compared to the initial stage.
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Abstract
Description
電解コンデンサは、誘電体酸化皮膜の誘電分極作用により静電容量を得て静電容量により電荷の蓄電及び放電を行う受動素子である。この電解コンデンサは、誘電体酸化皮膜が表面に形成された陽極箔、陰極体、電解液及びセパレータを備えている。陽極箔と陰極体とは対向配置され、セパレータ及び電解液は、陽極箔と陰極体の間に介在する。陽極箔と陰極体とは、セパレータを挟んで交互に積層される積層型により配置され、又はセパレータを挟みつつ巻回される巻回型により配置される。陽極箔と陰極体の間には、電解液に加えて固体電解質層が配置されていてもよい。
陰極体は、陰極箔を備えている。陽極箔及び陰極体の陰極箔は、弁金属を材料とする箔体である。弁金属は、アルミニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、酸化ニオブ、チタン、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス及びアンチモン等である。純度は、陽極箔に関して99.9%以上が望ましく、陰極箔に関して99%程度以上が望ましいが、ケイ素、鉄、銅、マグネシウム、亜鉛等の不純物が含まれていてもよい。
陰極体は、陰極箔に加えて、カーボン層を備えている。カーボン層は、陰極箔上に積層されている。カーボン層は炭素材を含有する層である。炭素材は、繊維状炭素、炭素粉末、又はこれらの混合である。繊維状炭素や炭素粉末は、賦活処理や孔を形成する開口処理などの多孔質化処理が施されていることが好ましい。
電解液の溶媒は、水、プロトン性の有機極性溶媒又は非プロトン性の有機極性溶媒であり、単独又は2種類以上が組み合わせられる。溶質は、アニオン及びカチオンの成分が含まれる。溶質は、典型的には、有機酸の塩、無機酸の塩、又は有機酸と無機酸との複合化合物の塩であり、単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。アニオンとなる酸及びカチオンとなる塩基を溶質成分として別々に電解液に添加してもよい。
セパレータは、クラフト、マニラ麻、エスパルト、ヘンプ、レーヨン等のセルロースおよびこれらの混合紙、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、それらの誘導体などのポリエステル系樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン系樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂、ビニロン系樹脂、脂肪族ポリアミド、半芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリアミド等のポリアミド系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、トリメチルペンテン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂等が挙げられ、これらの樹脂を単独で又は混合して用いることができる。
このような電解コンデンサは、陽極箔を作製する陽極箔作製工程と、陰極体を作製する陰極体作製工程と、陽極箔と陰極体を対向配置したコンデンサ素子を作製する素子作製工程と、コンデンサ素子に固体電解質層を形成する固体電解質層形成工程と、固体電解質層が形成されたコンデンサ素子に電解液を含浸させる電解液含浸工程とを経て作製される。
(表1)
表1に示される各種界面抵抗を有する各電解コンデンサの経時劣化した容量を測定した。この容量測定のために、電解コンデンサを125℃の温度環境下に晒し、直流電圧を2.4V印加した。125℃の温度環境下で2.4Vの直流電圧を印加する前の初期の容量と、750時間が経過した後の容量とを測定した。容量は、電解コンデンサに10kHzの交流信号を与えて測定された。そして、初期の容量に対する750時間経過後の容量の変化率(ΔCap)を計算した。
Claims (8)
- 陽極箔と陰極体と電解液とを備える電解コンデンサであって、
前記陽極箔は、弁金属により成り、箔表面に形成された誘電体酸化皮膜を有し、
前記陰極体は、弁金属の陰極箔と、当該陰極箔上に積層されたカーボン層とを有し、
前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層との界面抵抗は、1.8mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする電解コンデンサ。 - 前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層との界面抵抗は、1.6mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする請求項1記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記陰極箔は、表面に拡面層を有し、当該拡面層上に前記カーボン層を有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記カーボン層は、前記陰極箔に対して圧接していること、
を特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 電解コンデンサの陰極体であって、
陰極箔と当該陰極箔の表面に形成されたカーボン層とを備え、
前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層の界面抵抗が1.8mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする陰極体。 - 前記陰極箔と前記カーボン層との界面抵抗は、1.6mΩ・cm2以下であること、
を特徴とする請求項5記載の陰極体。 - 陽極箔と陰極体と電解液とを備える電解コンデンサの製造方法であって、
弁金属の陰極箔上にカーボン層を形成した後、界面抵抗が1.8mΩ・cm2以下になるまで、プレス加工により前記陰極箔に対して前記カーボン層を圧接することで、前記陰極体を作製する陰極体作製工程と、
前記陰極体作製工程で作製された前記陰極体に、誘電体酸化皮膜が表面に形成された前記陽極箔を対向させてコンデンサ素子を作製するコンデンサ素子作製工程と、
前記コンデンサ素子に電解液を含浸させる含浸工程と、
を含むこと、
を特徴とする電解コンデンサの製造方法。 - 前記陰極体作製工程では、界面抵抗が1.6mΩ・cm2以下になるまで、プレス加工により前記陰極箔に対して前記カーボン層を圧接すること、
を特徴とする請求項7記載の電解コンデンサの製造方法。
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| EP22828410.5A EP4333004A4 (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | Electrolytic capacitor, negative electrode body and method for producing electrolytic capacitor |
| US18/572,685 US12482609B2 (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | Electrolytic capacitor, negative electrode body and method for producing electrolytic capacitor |
| KR1020237034302A KR20240021742A (ko) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | 전해 콘덴서, 음극체 및 전해 콘덴서의 제조 방법 |
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| WO2006073014A1 (ja) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-13 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| WO2016174806A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| WO2020059609A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極体、電極体を備える電解コンデンサ、及び電極体の製造方法 |
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| JP2006108159A (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-20 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 電解コンデンサ |
| KR20080091707A (ko) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-14 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 전해 콘덴서 및 그 제조 방법 |
| JP7245990B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-03-27 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
| EP3817020A4 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-11-03 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | ELECTRODE BODY, ELECTROLYTE CAPACITOR WITH ELECTRODE BODY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRODE BODY |
| JP7358804B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-04 | 2023-10-11 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極体、電極体を備える電解コンデンサ、及び電極体の製造方法 |
| JP7797789B2 (ja) * | 2021-06-22 | 2026-01-14 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ、陰極体及び電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
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| JP2006190878A (ja) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-20 | Saga Sanyo Industries Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| WO2016174806A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| WO2020059609A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極体、電極体を備える電解コンデンサ、及び電極体の製造方法 |
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