WO2011045834A1 - 電力用半導体装置 - Google Patents
電力用半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011045834A1 WO2011045834A1 PCT/JP2009/005356 JP2009005356W WO2011045834A1 WO 2011045834 A1 WO2011045834 A1 WO 2011045834A1 JP 2009005356 W JP2009005356 W JP 2009005356W WO 2011045834 A1 WO2011045834 A1 WO 2011045834A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/64—Double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/66—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
- H10D30/665—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs having edge termination structures
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- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
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- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/021—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET]
- H10D30/028—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/0291—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs of vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
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- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/103—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices
- H10D62/105—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices by having particular doping profiles, shapes or arrangements of PN junctions; by having supplementary regions, e.g. junction termination extension [JTE]
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- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/112—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for preventing surface leakage due to surface inversion layers, e.g. by using channel stoppers
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- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/124—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of semiconductor bodies or of junctions between the regions
- H10D62/126—Top-view geometrical layouts of the regions or the junctions
- H10D62/127—Top-view geometrical layouts of the regions or the junctions of cellular field-effect devices, e.g. multicellular DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/17—Semiconductor regions connected to electrodes not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. channel regions
- H10D62/393—Body regions of DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/514—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the insulating layers
- H10D64/516—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the insulating layers the thicknesses being non-uniform
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- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/517—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the conducting layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power semiconductor device such as a silicon carbide semiconductor device.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 of the same document A power semiconductor device composed of a vertical metal-oxide film-semiconductor field-effect transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Effect Transistor: MOSFET) and a diode described in Patent Document 1 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the same document.
- diodes are arranged in at least one row in the peripheral portion of the cell region of the MOSFET, that is, in the region adjacent to the gate pad portion.
- Each of such diodes is injected at the time of forward bias into the N-type semiconductor layer on the drain side from the P well and P base shown in FIG. 2 when the MOSFET is switched from the on state to the off state. Absorbs holes.
- the above-mentioned structure of the document can prevent the parasitic transistor shown in FIG. 3 of the document from being turned on when the MOSFET is switched from the forward bias to the reverse bias.
- the P base which is the P well of the MOSFET is electrically connected to the source electrode via the back gate.
- the drain voltage of the MOSFET that is, the voltage of the drain electrode rises rapidly, and in some cases, reaches about several hundred volts. May reach. Due to the rise of the drain voltage, displacement currents are generated on the drain electrode side and the source electrode side via the depletion layer capacitance formed between the P well and the N ⁇ drain layer in the off state. This displacement current is generated not only in the P well of the MOSFET but also in the diode if the P-type region is provided in the N ⁇ drain layer like the P well or the P well.
- the displacement current generated in this way flows to the drain electrode as it is generated on the drain electrode side, but the displacement current generated on the source electrode side flows to the source electrode via the P-well or P-type region. .
- the source electrode and the field plate are electrically connected as described in the description of the conventional example.
- the displacement current that has flowed into the P well under the gate pad flows in the P well under the gate pad from the MOSFET cell direction toward the contact hole connected to the field plate, and passes through the field plate. Flows into the source electrode.
- the area of the P well under the gate pad is very large with respect to the area of the P well of the MOSFET cell and the P well of the diode cell. Since the well itself and the contact hole have a resistance with a certain large resistance value, a voltage of a value that cannot be ignored is generated in the P well. As a result, at a position in the P well where the distance in the plane direction is large from a place (contact hole) where the P well is electrically connected to the source electrode (usually connected to the ground potential) via the field plate. A large potential will be generated. This potential increases as the displacement current increases, and increases as the fluctuation dV / dt of the drain voltage V with respect to time t increases.
- the silicon carbide MOSFET is driven at high speed, that is, driven at high dV / dt.
- a conventional Si-MOSFET using Si is operated at a relatively high operating speed of 20 V / nsec or more, but when operated at a high voltage of about 1 kV or higher. Since the conduction loss becomes very large, the operating voltage is limited to several tens to several hundreds volts. Therefore, an Si-IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) has been used exclusively in a high voltage region from about 1 kV to higher.
- the IGBT is a bipolar element, it is difficult to obtain high-speed switching characteristics like a unipolar element due to the influence of minority carriers. That is, since switching loss cannot be greatly reduced even if dV / dt is increased, it is not necessary to drive at high dV / dt, and it is used at an operating speed of about several V / nsec at most.
- a MOSFET using silicon carbide can obtain a low conduction loss even in a high voltage region of 1 kV or higher, and can operate at high speed because it is a unipolar element. Since it can reduce, the loss at the time of inverter operation
- the displacement is generated in the P-well by the switching current as described above.
- the voltage becomes more prominent.
- the voltage of the gate electrode is changed immediately after switching the MOSFET from the on state to the off state at a location where the gate insulating film of the MOSFET is sandwiched between the P well and the gate electrode.
- the voltage is close to 0 V, a high voltage is generated in the P-well as described above, and the gate insulating film may be destroyed by a high electric field due to the high voltage.
- the electric field applied to the silicon dioxide film, which is a gate insulating film be 3 MV / cm or less. The voltage had to be kept below a certain value.
- the present invention was made to solve such a problem, and in a power semiconductor device including a MOSFET that switches at high speed, the occurrence of dielectric breakdown between the gate electrode and the source electrode during switching can be suppressed. It is an object to provide a highly reliable power semiconductor device.
- the power semiconductor device includes a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate, a first conductivity type drift layer formed on the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a plurality of the surface layers of the drift layer.
- a drain electrode provided on the main surface.
- the power semiconductor device of the present invention even when the power semiconductor device is driven at a high speed, it is possible to suppress the breakdown of the gate insulating film without applying a large strength electric field to the gate insulating film, thereby further improving reliability.
- a high power semiconductor device can be provided.
- 1 is a plan view schematically showing a power semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a plan view schematically showing a power semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which represents typically the one part cross section of the semiconductor device for electric power in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which represents typically the one part cross section of the semiconductor device for electric power in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which represents typically a part of power semiconductor device for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the power semiconductor device in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which represents typically a part of power semiconductor device for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the power semiconductor device in Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- Embodiment 1 FIG.
- the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type.
- the semiconductor conductivity type may be reversed.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a power semiconductor device mainly including a silicon carbide MOSFET, which is a power semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from above.
- a source pad 10 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the power semiconductor device.
- a gate pad 11 is provided on one side of the source pad 10 as viewed from the upper surface.
- a gate wiring 12 is provided so as to extend from the gate pad 11 and surround the source pad 10.
- the source pad 10 is electrically connected to the source electrode of the unit cell of the MOSFET provided in a plurality under the source pad 10, and the gate pad 11 and the gate wiring 12 are electrically connected to the gate electrode of the unit cell. And a gate voltage supplied from an external control circuit is applied to the gate electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view in which layers below the layers such as the source pad 10 and the gate pad 11 of the power semiconductor device in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are seen through from above. 2, a hole called a second well contact hole 63 is formed in an interlayer insulating film (not shown) provided on the entire lower surface of the source pad 10 around the lower portion of the source pad 10 shown in FIG. Third well regions 43 and 44 of p-type silicon carbide are formed in a layer made of silicon carbide below each of the second well contact holes 63. In addition, a p-type junction termination (JTE) region 40 is provided outside the third well regions 43 and 44.
- JTE junction termination
- the inner side surrounded by the second well contact hole 63 and the third well regions 43 and 44 has a predetermined distance of 0.5 ⁇ m or more from the second well contact hole 63 and the third well regions 43 and 44.
- a first well contact hole 62 and a second well region 42 below the first well contact hole 62 are formed in the interlayer insulating film.
- Second well region 42 is made of p-type silicon carbide.
- a cell region provided with a large number of the unit cells described above is provided on the inner side surrounded by the first well contact hole 62 and the second well region 42 as seen in a plan view.
- a plurality of source contact holes 61 formed in the interlayer insulating film and a first well region 41 are formed below each of the source contact holes 61. Details of the cell region will be separately described later using a cross-sectional view.
- a gate electrode (not shown) is formed on a part of the upper portion of the third well regions 43 and 44, and a gate contact hole 64 which is a hole for electrically connecting the gate pad 11, the gate wiring 12 and the gate electrode. Is formed in the interlayer insulating film.
- 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of the power semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, schematically showing the cross-section of the AA portion and the cross-section of the BB portion of the plan view of FIG. 2, respectively.
- a drift layer 21 made of n-type silicon carbide is formed on the surface of substrate 20 made of n-type and low-resistance silicon carbide.
- third well regions 44 and 43 made of p-type silicon carbide are provided in the surface layer portion of the drift layer 21 in the region where the gate pad 11 and the gate electrode 12 described in FIG. 2 are provided.
- the p-type second well region 42 made of silicon carbide is provided at a predetermined interval from the third well regions 43 and 44.
- the second well is formed on the surface layer portion of the drift layer 21 on the inner side (on both sides of the second well region 42 in FIG. 3 and on the right side of the second well region 42 in FIG. 4) as viewed from the whole power semiconductor device.
- a plurality of first well regions 41 made of p-type silicon carbide are provided at least at a predetermined interval from the region 42.
- an n-type source region 80 is formed at a position that enters the inside of the first well region 41 from the outer periphery by a predetermined distance.
- a first well contact region 46 is provided in the inner surface layer portion surrounded by the source region 80 of the first well region 41.
- low resistance p-type second well contact regions 47 and third well contact regions 48 are provided in the surface layer portions of the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44, respectively.
- the p-type JTE region 40 is formed on the surface layer portion of the drift layer 21 on the outer side (left side in FIG. 4) of the third well region 43 as viewed from the whole power semiconductor device. Is formed. Further, an n-type field stopper region 81 is formed outside the JTE region 40 (left side in FIG. 4) at a predetermined interval.
- the first to third well regions 41 to 44, the source region 80, the first to third well contact regions 46 to 48, and the drift layer 21 in which the field stopper region 81 is formed are in contact with silicon dioxide.
- a gate oxide film 30 or a field oxide film 31 made of silicon dioxide is formed.
- the gate insulating film 30 is formed in the upper part of the first well region 41 and the upper part of the second well region 42 which are cell regions, and the field oxide film 31 is formed. It is the outside (the inside of FIG. 3 and the left side of FIG. 4) when viewed from the whole power semiconductor device.
- the gate insulating film field oxide film boundary 33 between the gate insulating film 30 and the field oxide film 31 is formed above the second well region 42.
- a gate electrode 50 is formed on part of the gate insulating film 30 and the field oxide film 31 in contact with the gate insulating film 30 and the field oxide film 31.
- the gate electrode 50 is provided on the gate insulating film 30 on the outer periphery of the first well region 41, and is electrically connected from a portion on the gate insulating film 30 to a portion on the field oxide film 31, On the field oxide film 31, it is connected to the gate electrode 11 or the gate wiring 12 through a gate contact hole 64 formed through the interlayer insulating film 32 formed on the field oxide film 31.
- a source contact hole 61 provided through the insulating film including the interlayer insulating film 32 is provided above the source region 80 of the first well region 41 and the first well contact region 46.
- a first well contact hole 62 provided through the insulating film including the interlayer insulating film 32 is provided above the second well contact region 47 of the second well region 42.
- a second well contact hole 63 provided through the interlayer insulating film 32 and the field oxide film 31 is provided above the third well contact region 48 of the third well regions 43 and 44. .
- the first to third well regions 41 to 44 are electrically connected to each other by the source pad 10 with the source contact hole 61 and the first to second well contact holes 62 to 63 sandwiching the ohmic electrode 71 therebetween. ing.
- a drain electrode 13 is formed on the back side of the substrate 20 via a back side ohmic electrode 72.
- the p-type second well region 42 and the third well region 43 connected to the source pad 10 by the first well contact hole 62 and the second well contact hole 63, the substrate 20 and the back surface ohmic electrode 72 are interposed.
- a diode is formed between the n-type drift layer 21 connected to the drain electrode 13.
- the region (channel region) in contact with the gate insulating film 30 in the p-type first well region 41 between the n-type source region 80 and the n-type drift layer 21 is electrically connected. It can be controlled by the voltage of the gate electrode 50 on the gate insulating film 30.
- a diode is connected in parallel between the source and drain of the MOSFET.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views schematically showing a part of the power semiconductor device for explaining the manufacturing process of the power semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- (A) corresponds to the AA cross section of FIG. 2
- (b) corresponds to the cross section of the BB cross section of FIG.
- 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 is formed on the surface (first main surface) of the n-type low-resistance silicon carbide substrate 20 by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.
- a drift layer 21 made of silicon carbide having an n-type impurity concentration of cm ⁇ 3 and a thickness of 4 to 200 ⁇ m is epitaxially grown.
- the substrate 20 of silicon carbide semiconductor a substrate whose first principal plane has a (0001) plane and has a 4H polytype and is tilted to 8 ° or less with respect to the c-axis direction is used.
- the plane orientation, polytype, and inclination angle may be sufficient, or may not be inclined.
- the p-type first well region 41, the p-type second well region 42, and the p-type third well region are formed at predetermined positions on the surface of the drift layer 21 by ion implantation.
- 43, 44, p-type JTE region 40, n-type source region 80, field stopper region 81, first well contact region 46, second well contact region 47, and third well contact region 48 are formed.
- Al (aluminum) or B (boron) is preferable as the p-type impurity to be ion-implanted
- N (nitrogen) or P (phosphorus) is preferable as the n-type impurity to be ion-implanted.
- the semiconductor substrate 20 may not be positively heated at the time of ion implantation, or may be heated at 200 to 800 ° C.
- each of the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well regions 43, 44 needs to be set so as not to be deeper than the bottom surface of the drift layer 21 that is an epitaxial crystal growth layer.
- the value is in the range of 0.3 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the p-type impurity concentration of each of the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well regions 43, 44 is higher than the impurity concentration of the drift layer 21 that is an epitaxial crystal growth layer, and 1 ⁇ 10 It is set within the range of 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the depth of the source region 80 is set so that its bottom surface does not exceed the bottom surface of the first well region 41, its n-type impurity concentration is higher than the p-type impurity concentration of the first well region 41, and 1 It is set within the range of ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the field stopper region 81 may be formed under the same conditions as the source region 80. However, only in the vicinity of the outermost surface of drift layer 21, each of first well region 41, second well region 42, and third well regions 43, 44 is provided in order to increase conductivity in the channel region of silicon carbide MOSFET.
- the p-type impurity concentration may be lower than the n-type impurity concentration of the drift layer 21.
- the first well contact region 46, the second well contact region 47, and the third well contact region 48 are respectively the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well region 43 with the ohmic electrode 71 interposed therebetween. , 44 and the source pad 10 are provided in order to obtain good electrical contact, and impurities having a concentration higher than the p-type impurity concentration of the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well regions 43, 44 are provided. It is desirable to set the concentration. In addition, when ion-implanting these high-concentration impurities, it is desirable to heat the semiconductor substrate 20 to 150 ° C. or higher for ion implantation.
- annealing is performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon (Ar) gas or nitrogen gas, or in a vacuum, in a temperature range of 1500 to 2200 ° C. for a time in the range of 0.5 to 60 minutes.
- the activated impurities are electrically activated.
- the semiconductor substrate 20 and the film formed thereon may be annealed while being covered with a carbon film.
- a carbon film By covering and annealing with the carbon film, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of surface roughness of the silicon carbide caused by residual moisture or residual oxygen in the apparatus during annealing.
- a thermal oxide film is formed by sacrificing the surface of the drift layer 21 ion-implanted as described above, and the thermal oxide film is removed by hydrofluoric acid to thereby form the ion-implanted drift layer 21.
- the surface alteration layer is removed to expose a clean surface.
- an active region centered on the cell region is opened by using a CVD method, a photolithography technique, etc., and a field oxide film 31 called a field oxide film 31 having a thickness of about 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m is formed in a region other than the cell region.
- a silicon film is formed.
- the field oxide film 31 at the position to be the second well contact hole 63 of the field oxide film 31 on the third well regions 43 and 44 is also removed.
- silicon dioxide having a thickness smaller than that of the field oxide film 31 by using thermal oxidation or deposition, for example, about 1/10 of the thickness of the field oxide film 31 is used.
- a gate insulating film 30 composed of a film is formed.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film 30 may be 30 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less. This film thickness value depends on how much gate voltage and gate electric field drive (switching operation) the MOSFET, and preferably 3 MV / cm or less as a gate electric field (electric field applied to the gate insulating film 30). Any size is acceptable.
- a gate electrode 50 made of a polycrystalline silicon material is formed on the gate insulating film 30 and the field oxide film 31 at a predetermined position using a CVD method, a photolithography technique, or the like.
- the polycrystalline silicon used for the gate electrode 50 preferably contains P and B and has a low resistance. P and B may be introduced during the film formation of the polycrystalline silicon, or may be introduced by an ion implantation method after the film formation.
- the gate electrode 50 may be a multilayer film of polycrystalline silicon and metal or a multilayer film of polycrystalline silicon and metal silicide. Note that the outermost end surface of the gate electrode 50 may be disposed on the field oxide film 31. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the quality deterioration of the gate insulating film 30 exposed at the end face due to the over-etching of the end face by the dry etching process.
- an interlayer insulating film 32 composed of a silicon dioxide film is formed on the gate electrode 50 and the like by a deposition method such as a CVD method. Subsequently, the interlayer insulating film 32 is removed by using a photolithography technique and a dry etching technique at portions where the source contact hole 61, the first well contact hole 62, and the second well contact hole 63 are to be formed. Next, heat treatment at a temperature of 600 to 1100 ° C. is performed following the formation of a metal film containing Ni as a main component by sputtering or the like, and the metal film containing Ni as a main component reacts with the silicon carbide layer to carbonize. Silicide is formed between the silicon layer and the metal film.
- the metal film remaining on the interlayer insulating film 32 other than the silicide formed by the reaction is removed by wet etching with one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or a mixed solution of these and hydrogen peroxide. .
- the silicide formed in the source contact hole 61, the first well contact hole 62, and the second well contact hole 63 in this way is formed into ohmic electrodes 71 (a) and 71 (b) as shown in FIGS. 71 (c), and ohmic connection is made to both the n-type silicon carbide region such as the source region 80 and the p-type silicon carbide region such as the first well region 41.
- the interlayer insulating film 32 at a location to become the gate contact hole 64 is removed by using a photolithography technique and a dry etching technique.
- a back surface ohmic electrode 72 is formed on the back side of the substrate 20 by forming and heat-treating a metal mainly composed of Ni on the back surface (second main surface) of the substrate 20.
- a wiring metal such as Al is formed on the surface of the substrate by sputtering or vapor deposition, and processed into a predetermined shape by a photolithography technique, thereby forming the source pad 10, the gate pad 11, and the gate wiring 12.
- the drain electrode 13 is formed by forming a metal film on the surface of the back surface ohmic electrode 72 on the back surface of the substrate, and the power semiconductor device whose cross-sectional view is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be manufactured.
- the periphery of the cell region in which a plurality of unit cells constituting the MOSFET (coincident with the position of the first well region 41 in FIG. 2) are formed in parallel.
- a pn diode (the positions of the first well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 in FIG. 2 correspond to this) is provided.
- the source and gate of a MOSFET (n-type MOSFET in this embodiment) are electrodes of a second conductivity type (p-type in this embodiment) of a pn diode, and the MOSFET (n in this embodiment is n-type).
- the drain of the type MOSFET is integrated with the electrode of the first conductivity type (in this embodiment, n-type) of the pn diode.
- the drain of the MOSFET (the drain in this embodiment)
- the voltage of the electrode 13) rises rapidly and changes from approximately 0V to several hundred volts.
- Displacement current flows in both p-type and n-type regions.
- a displacement current flows from the p-type first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the like toward the source pad 10.
- This displacement current generates a voltage determined by the resistance value and the displacement current value of the region through which the displacement current including the contact resistance value of the contact portion flows.
- the resistance value is not large, and the generated voltage remains at a certain value.
- the second well region 42 has a relatively large area, there are many first well contact holes 62 and there is no second well region 42 that is separated from the first well contact hole 62. Therefore, the second well region 42, Even if a displacement current flows to the source pad 10 via the ohmic electrode 71b of the second well contact region 47 and the first well contact hole 62, a large voltage is not generated.
- the p-type region including the third well regions 43 and 44 and the JTE region 40 connected to the third well regions 43 and 44 has a large area, and there is a third well region away from the second well contact hole 63.
- Displacement current flows to the source pad 10 through the ohmic electrode 71c of the three well regions 43 and 44, the third well contact region 48, and the second well contact hole 63, and the resistance value of the current path becomes relatively large.
- the voltage generated in the vicinity of the second well contact hole 63 also has a large value.
- the voltage generated in the vicinity of the second well contact hole 63 increases as the fluctuation dV / dt of the drain voltage V with respect to time t increases.
- the gate electrode 50 is formed via the gate insulating film 30 on a portion where such a large potential is generated, the gate electrode 50 having a voltage of about 0 V when the MOSFET is turned off has a large potential. There is a case where the gate insulating film 30 between the generated portions is broken down.
- the insulating film near the second well contact hole 63 where the third well regions 43 and 44 and the JTE region 40 are connected to the source pad 10 is thicker than the gate insulating film 30. Since it is formed of a large field oxide film 31 and the gate electrode 50 is formed on the field oxide film 31, an electric field generated can be reduced even when operated under a high dV / dt condition, and the field oxide film 31 has a dielectric breakdown. Thus, a highly reliable power semiconductor device can be obtained.
- a power semiconductor device that employs the structure of the present embodiment and a power semiconductor device that does not employ the structure are actually fabricated, and the drive speed responsiveness of both is compared.
- the MOSFET drain voltage is switched off so that the switching speed of the drain voltage is 10 V / nsec or more, the voltage generated by the displacement current can be reduced and induced in the gate insulating film 30.
- the magnitude of the electric field can be 3 MV / cm or less.
- the gate wiring 12 is arranged outside the second well contact hole 63 which is the well contact hole of the outermost peripheral well, it is located outside the gate wiring 12. There is no need to form a field plate, the size of the power semiconductor device can be reduced, and the cost of the power semiconductor device can be reduced.
- the interval between the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 is a predetermined interval of 0.5 ⁇ m or more, but is not limited thereto.
- the distance may be about 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, which is about the same as the interval between the first well regions 41 in the cell region.
- the distance between the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 is too narrow, the current generated in the third well regions 43 and 44 at the time of switching reaches the second well region 42 by the tunnel phenomenon, and the second The effect of separating the well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 may be lost. If the distance between the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43, 44 is too large, the field oxide film located above the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43, 44 when the MOSFET is turned off. The electric field induced in 31 may increase, and in some cases, the reliability of the element may be reduced.
- the distance between the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 is The distance between the first well regions 41 in the cell region may be approximately equal to or less than, for example, 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the first resistance is decreased in order to reduce the contact resistance between the ohmic electrode 71 and the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well regions 43 and 44.
- the well contact region 46, the second well contact region 47, and the third well contact region 48 have been described, these well contact regions are not essential and may be omitted. That is, if the contact resistance having a sufficiently low contact resistance is obtained by changing the metal forming the ohmic electrode 71 to one suitable for p-type silicon carbide, the well contact regions 46 to 48 need not be formed. .
- the field stopper region 81 is not essential and may be omitted.
- the formation of the source contact hole 61, the first well contact hole 62, the second well contact hole 63 and the formation of the gate contact hole 64 are performed separately.
- the source contact hole 61, the first well contact hole 62, the second well contact hole 63 and the gate contact hole 64 may be formed at the same time.
- the heat treatment for forming the front-side ohmic electrode 71 and the heat treatment for forming the back-side ohmic electrode 72 are performed separately.
- the surface-side ohmic electrode 71 and the back-side back-side ohmic electrode 72 may be formed at the same time by forming a metal containing Ni as a main component on both the front-side and the back-side. This also reduces the number of processes and makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs.
- the temperature sensor electrode and the current sensor electrode may be formed in a part of the power semiconductor device, but these electrodes are included in the power semiconductor device in the present embodiment. May be formed.
- the presence / absence of the temperature sensor electrode and the current sensor electrode does not affect the effect of the power semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- there may be a wide variety of cases such as the position and number of the gate pads 11 and the shape of the source pad 10, and these are the same as the above-described presence or absence of the current sensor electrode, etc. It does not affect the effectiveness of the device.
- a silicon nitride film or polyimide is left, leaving openings for connecting the source pad 10, gate pad 11, and gate wiring 12 on the upper surface of the power semiconductor device to an external control circuit. It may be covered with a protective film.
- the gate pad In some cases, the potential of the gate electrode 50 at a location distant from the connection position with the gate 11 may be temporally shifted from the potential of the gate pad 11 and the gate wiring 12. This time shift is determined by a time constant determined by a resistance component such as the resistance of the gate electrode 50 and a parasitic capacitance formed between the source pad 10 and the like.
- the low-resistance gate line 12 is provided in parallel to the gate electrode 50 below the gate line 12 to suppress the occurrence of the time lag as described above.
- the first well region 41, the second well region 42, and the third well regions 43 and 44 are described so that the p-type impurity concentration and the depth are the same. Although illustrated, the impurity concentration and depth of these regions do not have to be the same, and may be different values. Further, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, in order to increase the conductivity of the second well region 42 and the third well regions 43 and 44 other than the first well region 41 to be the channel of the MOSFET, their surface layers are increased. The p-type impurity concentration may be increased by additional ion implantation in the part. Further, the additional ion implantation and the ion implantation of the JTE region 40 may be performed simultaneously. 7A is a cross section crossing the gate pad, and FIG. 7B is a cross section of the terminal portion.
- FIG. 8 shows a part of the upper surface of the power semiconductor device. As shown in the perspective view, the unit cells in adjacent rows may be arranged alternately.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of the vicinity of the connection portion between the gate pad 11 and the gate wiring 12 that is a part of the power semiconductor device, as seen through the top surface.
- a large number of second well contact holes 63 may be arranged in the corner portion of the concave shape when the third well region where the displacement current is likely to concentrate is viewed from above.
- the second well contact holes 63 are arranged in a single layer, but they may be arranged in a double or triple manner. By arranging in this way, the potential generated by the displacement current that increases due to the contact resistance of the second well contact hole 63 can be lowered.
- FIG. 9 and 10 are schematic cross-sectional views of the power semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the top view is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment.
- 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
- the boundary between the gate insulating film 30 and the field oxide film 31 is the second well region. Since it is the upper part between 42 and the 3rd well area
- all of the third well regions 43 and 44 that may generate a high voltage due to the displacement current can be covered with the field oxide film 31 that is thicker than the gate insulating film 30.
- a highly reliable power semiconductor device that is unlikely to break down can be obtained.
- the semiconductor element formed in the cell region is a vertical MOSFET.
- the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate 20 shown in FIG. Even if a semiconductor element having an IGBT cell region is formed by providing a collector layer of the second conductivity type between the second conductive type and the semiconductor element 72, the above-described effects of the present invention can be applied to a semiconductor element having an IGBT cell region.
- the scope of the present invention is a semiconductor element as a switching element having a MOS structure such as MOSFET or IGBT.
- MOSFET MOS structure
- the semiconductor element is an IGBT
- the drain (electrode) of the MOSFET corresponds to the collector (electrode)
- the source (electrode) of the MOSFET corresponds to the emitter (electrode).
- the semiconductor element itself having the MOSFET structure described in the first and second embodiments is defined as “semiconductor device” in a narrow sense.
- the power module itself is also defined as “semiconductor device” in a broad sense.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1に示されるような電力用半導体装置の場合、その従来例の説明に記載されているようにソース電極とフィールドプレートとは電気的に接続されているので、例えば図2(C)に示される断面において、ゲートパッド下のPウェルに内に流れ込んだ変位電流は、ゲートパッド下のPウェル内をMOSFETセル方向からフィールドプレートに接続されているコンタクトホールに向けて流れ、フィールドプレートを介してソース電極に流入する。
この電位は、変位電流が大きくなる程大きくなり、上記ドレイン電圧Vの時間tに対する変動dV/dtが大きくなる程大きくなる。
本発明の実施の形態1においては、電力用半導体装置の一例として縦型のn型チャネル炭化珪素MOSFETを主としたものを用いて説明する。また、下記各実施の形態では、第1導電型をn型、第2導電型をp型として説明するが、半導体の導電型については、その逆であっても構わない。
平面図で見て第1ウェルコンタクトホール62および第2ウェル領域42で囲まれた内側には、前述のユニットセルが多数設けられたセル領域が設けられている。セル領域には、層間絶縁膜に形成された複数のソースコンタクトホール61およびそれぞれの下部に第1ウェル領域41が形成されている。セル領域の詳細については、断面図を用いて後で別途説明する。
第3ウェル領域43、44の電力用半導体装置全体から見て内側(図3においては第3ウェル領域44の両側、図4においては第3ウェル領域43の右側)のドリフト層21の表層部には、第3ウェル領域43、44から所定の間隔を置いて、炭化珪素で構成されたp型の第2ウェル領域42が設けられている。さらに、その電力用半導体装置全体から見て内側(図3においては第2ウェル領域42の両側、図4においては第2ウェル領域42の右側)のドリフト層21の表層部には、第2ウェル領域42から少なくとも所定の間隔を置いて、p型で炭化珪素で構成された第1ウェル領域41が複数設けられている。
また、基板20の裏面側には、裏面オーミック電極72を介してドレイン電極13が形成されている。
ただし、ドリフト層21の最表面近傍に限っては、炭化珪素MOSFETのチャネル領域における導電性を高めるために、第1ウェル領域41、第2ウェル領域42および第3ウェル領域43、44の各々のp型不純物濃度がドリフト層21のn型不純物濃度より低くなってもよい。
ゲート絶縁膜30の膜厚として30nm以上300nm以下であれば良く、より好ましくは50nm以上150nm以下であればよい。なお、この膜厚値は、どの程度のゲート電圧及びゲート電界でMOSFETを駆動(スイッチング動作)させるかに依存し、好ましくはゲート電界(ゲート絶縁膜30に印加される電界)として3MV/cm以下の大きさであればよい。
なお、ゲート電極50の最外端面は、フィールド酸化膜31上にあるように配置してもよい。このようにすることで、ドライエッチング処理による端面のオーバーエッチングによって端面でむき出しになるゲート絶縁膜30の品質劣化を防ぐことができる。
次に、スパッタ法などによるNiを主成分とする金属膜の形成につづいて600~1100℃の温度の熱処理を行ない、Niを主成分とする金属膜と炭化珪素層とを反応させて、炭化珪素層と金属膜との間にシリサイドを形成する。つづいて、反応してできたシリサイド以外の層間絶縁膜32上に残留した金属膜を、硫酸、硝酸、塩酸のいずれか、またはこれらと過酸化水素水との混合液などによるウェットエッチングにより除去する。
このようにしてソースコンタクトホール61、第1ウェルコンタクトホール62、第2ウェルコンタクトホール63内に形成されたシリサイドは、図3、図4に示すようにオーミック電極71(a)、71(b)、71(c)となり、ソース領域80などのn型の炭化珪素領域と、第1ウェル領域41などのp型の炭化珪素領域の両方に対してオーミック接続する。
その後、基板の表面にAl等の配線金属をスパッタ法または蒸着法により形成し、フォトリソグラフィー技術により所定の形状に加工することで、ソースパッド10、ゲートパッド11、ゲート配線12を形成する。さらに、基板の裏面の裏面オーミック電極72の表面上に金属膜を形成することによりドレイン電極13を形成し、図3、図4にその断面図を示した電力用半導体装置が製造できる。
本発明の電力用半導体装置においては、図2で説明したように、MOSFETを構成するユニットセル(図2の第1ウェル領域41の位置にほぼ一致)が複数並列に形成されたセル領域の周囲に、pnダイオード(図2の第1ウェル領域42、第3ウェル領域43、44の位置などがこれに相当)が設けられている。ここでは、MOSFET(本実施の形態ではn型MOSFET)のソースとゲートとがpnダイオードの第2導電型(本実施の形態ではp型)の電極と、また、MOSFET(本実施の形態ではn型MOSFET)のドレインがpnダイオードの第1導電型(本実施の形態ではn型)の電極と一体になっている。
このような大きな電位が発生する箇所の上にゲート絶縁膜30を介してゲート電極50が形成されていると、MOSFETをオフ状態にして電圧が略0Vになっているゲート電極50と大きな電位が発生する箇所との間のゲート絶縁膜30が絶縁破壊する場合がある。
したがって、本発明の本実施の形態の電力用半導体装置によれば、高速でスイッチングした場合にもゲート絶縁膜30の絶縁不良が発生せず、高い信頼性の半導体装置を得ることができる。
さらに、ゲートパッド11の位置、個数およびソースパッド10の形状等も多種多様のケースが有り得るが、これらも、上記の電流センサー用電極等の有無と同様に、本実施の形態の電力用半導装置の効果に何ら影響を及ぼすものではない。
さらに、図7にその断面図を示したように、MOSFETのチャネルとなる第1ウェル領域41以外の第2ウェル領域42、第3ウェル領域43、44の導電性を高めるために、それらの表層部に追加のイオン注入によりp型不純物濃度を高くしてもよい。また、この追加のイオン注入とJTE領域40のイオン注入を同時に行なってもよい。図7において、(a)はゲートパッドを横断する断面、(b)は終端部の断面である。
図9および図10は、本発明の実施の形態2の電力用半導体装置の断面模式図で、上面から見た図は実施の形態1の図1および図2に示したものと同様である。図9は、図2のA-A断面の断面図であり、図10は、図2のB-B断面の断面図である。
本実施の形態の電力用半導体装置においては、図9および図10にあるように、ゲート絶縁膜30とフィールド酸化膜31との境界(ゲート絶縁膜フィールド酸化膜境界33)が、第2ウェル領域42と第3ウェル領域43、44との間の上部にあることが特徴であり、その他の点については実施の形態1と同様であるので、詳しい説明は繰り返さない。
Claims (8)
- 第1導電型の半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の第1の主面に形成された第1導電型のドリフト層と、
前記ドリフト層の表層の一部に複数形成された第2導電型の第1ウェル領域と、
複数の前記第1ウェル領域の各々の表層の一部に形成された第1導電型のソース領域と、
複数の前記第1ウェル領域および前記ソース領域上に形成されたゲート絶縁膜と、
複数の前記第1ウェル領域を取り囲むように前記第1ウェル領域と離間して形成された第2導電型の第2ウェル領域と、
前記第2ウェル領域の外側に前記第2ウェル領域と離間して形成され前記第2ウェル領域より大きな面積の第2導電型の第3ウェル領域と、
前記第3ウェル領域上に前記第3ウェル領域の内周の内側まで形成され、前記ゲート絶縁膜より膜厚の大きなフィールド酸化膜と、
前記フィールド酸化膜上および前記ゲート絶縁膜に形成されたゲート電極と、
前記第1ウェル領域上に前記ゲート絶縁膜を貫通して形成された第1ウェルコンタクトホール、前記第2ウェル領域上に前記ゲート絶縁膜を貫通して形成された第2ウェルコンタクトホール、および、前記第3ウェル領域上に前記フィールド酸化膜を貫通して形成された第3ウェルコンタクトホールを介して前記第1ウェル領域と前記第2ウェル領域と前記第3ウェル領域とを電気的に接続するソースパッドと、
前記ゲート電極と電気的に接続されたゲートパッドと、
前記半導体基板の第2の主面に設けられたドレイン電極と
を備えたことを特徴とする電力用半導体装置。 - 第2ウェル領域と第2ウェル領域との間隔は、0.5μm以上5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 半導体基板は、炭化珪素半導体基板であり、ドリフト層は、炭化珪素材料で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- ゲート絶縁膜とフィールド酸化膜との境界は、第2ウェル領域の上部にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- ゲート絶縁膜とフィールド酸化膜との境界は、第2ウェル領域と第3ウェル領域との間の上部にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 第1ウェル領域は、第2ウェル領域と第3ウェル領域とより不純物濃度が低く形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- ドレイン電極の電圧のスイッチング速度が10V/nsec以上の速度でスイッチオフするときに、第2ウェル領域とゲート電極との間に挟まれたゲート絶縁膜に誘起される電界が3MV/cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 第2ウェルコンタクトホールの外側にゲート配線を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置。
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| JP2011542616A JP4962664B2 (ja) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | 電力用半導体装置とその製造方法、ならびにパワーモジュール |
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| CN200980161921.3A CN102576728B (zh) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | 功率用半导体装置 |
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| JP2019161181A (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 株式会社 日立パワーデバイス | 半導体装置、パワーモジュールおよび電力変換装置 |
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| JPWO2021044624A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-09-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置および電力変換装置 |
| WO2021044624A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置および電力変換装置 |
| US12057496B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2024-08-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Silicon carbide semiconductor device and power converter |
| JPWO2021245992A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | ||
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| JP7262672B2 (ja) | 2020-06-04 | 2023-04-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置および電力変換装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20120051774A (ko) | 2012-05-22 |
| JPWO2011045834A1 (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
| DE112009005320B4 (de) | 2024-02-22 |
| JP4962664B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
| CN102576728A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
| US8492836B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| DE112009005320T5 (de) | 2012-11-22 |
| CN102576728B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
| US20120205669A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| KR101291838B1 (ko) | 2013-07-31 |
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