WO2015193965A1 - 半導体装置、パワーモジュール、電力変換装置、鉄道車両、および半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、パワーモジュール、電力変換装置、鉄道車両、および半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/021—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET]
- H10D30/028—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/0291—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs of vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/64—Double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/66—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
- H10D30/665—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs having edge termination structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a power module, a power conversion device, a railway vehicle, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a structure of a power device using silicon carbide.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the element resistance can be reduced by thinning the drift layer holding the breakdown voltage to about 1/10 and increasing the impurity concentration by about 100 times. Theoretically it can be reduced by more than 3 digits. Further, since the band gap is about three times larger than that of Si, high-temperature operation is possible, and the SiC semiconductor element is expected to have performance exceeding that of the Si semiconductor element.
- MOSFETs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
- junction FETs junction FETs
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- Patent Document 1 International Patent Publication No. WO11 / 135995 discloses a MOSFET which is a SiC power element, and a second well contact region formed in the peripheral region rather than the area of the first well contact region in the active region. An element having a larger area is described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the forward voltage increases as the energization time elapses by energizing the SiC pn junction.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes that the efficiency of converting BPD (Basal Plane Dislocation, basal plane dislocation), which causes an increase in forward voltage, to TED (Threading Skew Dislocation, threading screw dislocation) is described.
- Non-Patent Document 3 includes a BPD that propagates from the substrate to the drift layer as a defect that expands to a Shockley-type stacking fault, and in addition, a half loop in which a plurality of short BPDs exist in a row on the same base surface It is described that there is.
- Non-Patent Document 4 discloses that in a SiC power device, Shockley type stacking faults are expanded by pn junction energization, even though conversion from BPD to TED occurs in the buffer layer during the growth of the epitaxial layer. Is described. In addition, it is described that when the energization current to the pn junction increases, the forward voltage increases significantly.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Even if the buffer layer is converted from BPD to TED, Shockley type stacking faults grow, so that the forward voltage due to energization to the pn junction is increased. There is a problem of increasing.
- the semiconductor device suppresses the magnitude of the pn current flowing in the peripheral region of the element when the pn junction of the SiC element is energized by the arrangement of the contact region of the SiC element and the silicide layer, or , Improving the distribution of the pn current.
- the performance of the semiconductor device can be improved.
- the performance of a power module, a power converter, and a railway vehicle can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 7;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 4.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 11;
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device following FIG. 12; It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is a modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is a modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines AA and BB in FIG. 25. It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is a modification of Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is a modification of Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a top view of the semiconductor device which is Embodiment 6 of this invention.
- ⁇ ” and + ⁇ represent the relative concentrations of impurities of n-type or p-type conductivity. For example, in the case of n-type impurities, “n ⁇ ”, “n”, “ The impurity concentration increases in the order of “n + ”.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines AA and BB in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment, and shows a pad formation layer above the region where a plurality of elements shown in FIG. 1 are formed.
- the semiconductor chip 60 has an epitaxial layer 64 including a drift layer formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate on the semiconductor substrate.
- the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is mainly shown, and illustration of a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, an interlayer insulating film, a contact plug, a pad, and the like on the epitaxial layer 64 is omitted.
- the structure shown in FIG. 1 is an epitaxial layer 64 and various semiconductor regions formed on the upper surface thereof except for the first silicide layer 95 and the second silicide layer 98.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 and shows the structure of the termination region 1A at the end of the semiconductor chip 60 (see FIG. 1) including a SiC (silicon carbide) MOSFET. . That is, the cross-sectional view on the left side of FIG. 2 shows a cross section at the peripheral edge of the semiconductor chip 60.
- SiC silicon carbide
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1 and shows the structure of the element region 1B at the center of the semiconductor chip 60 including the SiCMOSFET. That is, the cross-sectional view on the right side of FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a plurality of SiC MOSFETs (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as MOSFETs) in the active region of the semiconductor chip 60.
- MOSFETs SiC MOSFETs
- the SiC semiconductor device of the present embodiment includes a semiconductor chip 60 on which a plurality of MOSFETs having a cell structure are mounted.
- FIG. 3 shows each pad used for supplying a potential to the gate electrode (not shown) and the first source region 81 constituting these MOSFETs.
- a gate pad 61 to which a gate voltage is applied from an external control circuit (not shown) is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor chip 60.
- the gate pad 61 is electrically connected to a gate electrode 92 (see FIG. 2) that constitutes the MOSFET.
- the source regions of the plurality of MOSFETs formed on the semiconductor chip 60 are electrically connected in parallel and are connected to the source pad 62. That is, one source pad 62 is electrically connected to a plurality of source regions.
- a plurality of unit cells 70 serving as the minimum unit structure of the MOSFET are arranged.
- a gate voltage applied to the gate pad 61 shown in FIG. 3 is supplied to the gate electrode (not shown) of each unit cell 70 through the gate pad 61.
- the position and number of the gate pads 61 shown in FIG. 3 or the shape of the source pads 62 can be various, but this does not affect the effect of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor chip 60 has a rectangular shape in plan view. That is, the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip 60 is composed of four sides including two parallel sides and two sides orthogonal to the two sides.
- an element region 65 exists in the central portion of the semiconductor chip 60, and a peripheral region 66 and a termination region 67 exist so as to surround the periphery of the element region 65. That is, in plan view, the element region 65, the peripheral region 66, and the termination region 67 are sequentially arranged from the center of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 on the semiconductor substrate constituting the semiconductor chip 60 toward the end of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the element region 65, the peripheral region 66, and the termination region 67 are sequentially arranged from the center of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 on the semiconductor substrate constituting the semiconductor chip 60 toward the end of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the termination region 67 is a region including the peripheral region 66.
- the peripheral region 66 is a power feeding unit for supplying a potential to a JTE (Junction / Termination / Extension) region 85 formed in the termination region 67.
- JTE Joint / Termination / Extension
- a peripheral region 66 shown in FIG. 1 is a peripheral portion of the semiconductor chip 60 and has a rectangular annular structure in plan view.
- the peripheral region 66 has a frame-like configuration extending along each side of the rectangular semiconductor chip 60.
- the termination region 67 is a terminal portion of the semiconductor chip 60, similarly to the peripheral region 66, the termination region 67 has an annular structure extending along each side of the rectangular semiconductor chip 60.
- a plurality of unit cells 70 including a first well region 80, a first source region 81, and a first contact region 82 are arranged in the element region 65, which is a region surrounded by the peripheral region 66.
- the unit cell 70 is a minimum unit structure of a MOSFET.
- the plurality of unit cells 70 are separated from each other.
- a first source region 81 and a first well region 80 are sequentially arranged around the first contact region 82 as a center.
- the first source region 81 is formed so as to surround the outside of the first contact region 82, and the first well region 80 is further formed so as to surround the outside of the first source region 81.
- the first contact region 82, the first source region 81, and the first well region 80 all have a rectangular structure.
- the first contact region 82 and the first source region 81 are adjacent to each other, and extend across the boundary between the first contact region 82 and the first source region 81.
- a first silicide layer 95 is formed on the upper surface of the first silicide layer.
- the first silicide layer 95 has a rectangular structure in plan view, and is disposed so as to cover a part of the upper surface of the first source region 81 and the upper surface of the first contact region 82. In order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device easy to understand, in FIG. 1, the region where the first silicide layer 95 is formed is hatched.
- the entire first contact region 82 is located inside the end of the first silicide layer 95. That is, the entire upper surface of the first contact region 82 overlaps the first silicide layer 95 in plan view, and the area of the first silicide layer 95 is larger than the area of the first contact region 82.
- the area of the first silicide layer 95 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m 2 .
- the unit cell 70 is shown as having a regular tetragonal structure in plan view, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the unit cell 70 may have a rectangular or polygonal shape, for example. Although only five unit cells 70 are shown in FIG. 1, more unit cells 70 are actually arranged in the element region 65.
- a plurality of unit cells 70 are arranged side by side in a first direction parallel to two parallel sides of the end of the semiconductor chip 60, and the column thus provided is orthogonal to the first direction.
- a plurality are arranged in the direction.
- the unit cells 70 in the columns adjacent in the second direction are alternately arranged with a half cycle shift in the first direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of unit cells 70 may be arranged at equal pitches in the vertical and horizontal directions. That is, the plurality of unit cells 70 may be arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of second contact regions 83 are formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64, and a second silicide layer 98 is formed on the epitaxial layer 64 including the second contact region 83. . That is, the entire upper surface of the second contact region 83 overlaps the second silicide layer 98 in plan view.
- the region where the second silicide layer 98 is formed is hatched.
- a plurality of second contact regions 83 are arranged side by side in a peripheral region 66 along each of the four sides of the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip 60.
- the plurality of second contact regions 83 are arranged side by side in the direction along the extending direction of the peripheral region 66, and FIG. 1 shows two rows of second contact regions 83.
- the semiconductor chip 60 (see FIG. 1) of the present embodiment has an SiC substrate 63 that is an n + -type hexagonal semiconductor substrate, and the SiC substrate 63 is disposed on the SiC substrate 63.
- a plurality of n-channel MOSFET cell structures are formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- a drain electrode 90 of the MOSFET is formed on the back side opposite to the main surface of the semiconductor chip 60 (see FIG. 1). Specifically, a drain region 84 that is an n + type semiconductor region is formed on the back surface of the SiC substrate 63, and the third silicide layer 100 is formed in contact with the bottom surface of the drain region 84. That is, the back surface of the SiC substrate 63 is covered with the third silicide layer 100. The bottom surface of the third silicide layer 100, that is, the surface opposite to the SiC substrate 63 side is covered with the drain wiring electrode 90.
- a plurality of first well regions 80 that are p-type semiconductor regions are formed at a predetermined depth from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- a first source region 81 which is an n + type semiconductor region
- a first contact region 82 which is a p + type semiconductor region
- the first contact region 82 is a region provided for fixing the potential of the well region, and has substantially the same depth as the first source region 81. As shown in FIG. 2, the first contact region 82 is disposed so as to be sandwiched from both sides by the adjacent first source region 81. The bottom of the first contact region 82 and the bottom and side surfaces of the first source region 81 are covered with the first well region 80.
- a plurality of unit cells 70 including a first well region 80, a first source region 81, and a first contact region 82 are formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64, and the unit cells 70 are separated from each other.
- a gate electrode 92 is formed on the epitaxial layer 64 between adjacent unit cells 70 via a gate insulating film 91, and the upper surface of the end of the gate insulating film 91, the side walls and the upper surface of the gate electrode 92 are The interlayer insulating film 93 is covered.
- the gate insulating film 91, the gate electrode 92, and the interlayer insulating film 93 have an opening reaching the upper surface of the unit cell 70, and the first contact region 82 and the first source region 81 are formed at the bottom of the opening. Exposed.
- a first silicide layer 95 is formed on each surface of the opening 68 of the interlayer insulating film 93 in the element region 1B, that is, a part of the first source region 81 exposed at the bottom of the contact hole and the first contact region 82. Is formed.
- a contact plug 94 is buried in a part of the first source region 81 and the opening 68 on the first silicide layer 95 in contact with the first contact region 82.
- Each of the plurality of contact plugs 94 embedded in the plurality of openings 68 is integrated with a source wiring electrode 96 formed in the interlayer insulating film 93.
- the source wiring electrode 96 is electrically connected to the source pad 62 (see FIG. 3).
- the upper surface of the source wiring electrode 96 exposed from the passivation film 99 described later constitutes the source pad 62.
- a part of the first source region 81 and the first contact region 82 are electrically connected to the contact plug 94 through the first silicide layer 95 so as to have ohmic properties. Therefore, a part of the first source region 81 and the first contact region 82 are connected to the source pad 62 via the first silicide layer 95, the contact plug 94, and the source wiring electrode 96. Similarly, a contact plug is connected to the gate electrode 92 in a region not shown, and the gate electrode 92 is electrically connected to the gate pad 61 (see FIG. 3) via the contact plug and the gate wiring electrode. .
- the interlayer insulating film 93 and the source wiring electrode 96 are covered with a passivation film 99.
- the upper surface of the source wiring electrode 96 in the element region 1B is exposed from the passivation film 99.
- the upper surface of the gate wiring electrode connected to the gate electrode 92 is exposed from the passivation film 99, and the gate pad 61 (see FIG. 3). ).
- the MOSFET formed on the semiconductor chip of this embodiment has at least a gate electrode 92, a first source region 81, and a drain region 84.
- a predetermined voltage is applied to the gate electrode 92 to turn on the MOSFET, whereby a current flows from a drain having a high potential to a source having a low potential.
- the channel region of the MOSFET is formed in the upper part of the first well region 80 which is a p-type semiconductor region. That is, the current for driving the MOSFET flows from the drain wiring electrode 90, passes through the region in the epitaxial layer 64 and in the vicinity of the gate insulating film 31, and the first well region 80 in the vicinity of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64. It flows to the first source region 81 through the region directly under the gate electrode 92.
- a plurality of second contact regions 83 which are p + type semiconductor regions, are formed side by side at a predetermined depth from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- a JTE region 85 which is a p-type semiconductor region, is formed at a predetermined depth from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the JTE region 85 is formed deeper than the second contact region 83, and the plurality of second contact regions 83 are formed in the JTE region 85. That is, the bottom and side walls of each second contact region 83 are covered with the JTE region 85.
- the second contact region 83 is a region formed for fixing the potential of the termination region, and is a region for supplying a potential to the JTE region 85. That is, by applying a potential to the JTE region 85 via the second contact region 83, the electric field concentration in the termination region when applying a reverse voltage can be alleviated and the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor chip can be kept high.
- a description will be given of a structure in which a JTE region is formed as a termination structure of a semiconductor chip.
- the termination structure includes, for example, a p-type semiconductor region that annularly surrounds an element region in plan view. There may be a plurality of FLR (Field Limiting Ring) structures.
- the second contact region 83 has the same impurity concentration as that of the first contact region 82, and the area of each second contact region 83 in plan view is smaller than the area of each first contact region 82. .
- An interlayer insulating film 93 is formed on the epitaxial layer 64 on the peripheral side of the semiconductor chip with respect to the region where the second contact region 83 is formed via an insulating film 89.
- the interlayer insulating film 93 and the insulating film 89 have an opening 69.
- the upper surfaces of the second contact region 83 and the JTE region 85 are the interlayer insulating film 93 and the insulating film, respectively. 89 is exposed.
- the peripheral region 66 shown in FIG. 1 is defined by the opening 69 of the interlayer insulating film 93 shown in FIG.
- the impurity concentration of each region is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the area of the second contact region 83 in a plan view is, for example, 1.5 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- a contact plug 97 is embedded in the opening 69 of the interlayer insulating film 93, and a second silicide layer 98 is formed on the bottom of the opening 69. That is, at the bottom of the opening 69, the upper surface of the second contact region 83 and the upper surface of the JTE region 85 are in contact with the second contact plug 97 through the second silicide layer 98.
- the second contact region 83 is electrically connected to the contact plug 97 through the second silicide layer 98 so as to have an ohmic property.
- the contact plug 97 is integrated with the source wiring electrode 96 on the interlayer insulating film 93. Further, the contact plugs 94 and 97 and the source wiring electrode 96 in the termination region 1A and the element region 1B are integrated, and are made of one metal film. Therefore, the second contact region 83 is electrically connected to the source pad 62 (see FIG. 3) via the second silicide layer 98, the contact plug 97, and the source wiring electrode 96.
- the contact plug 97 and the epitaxial layer 64 are in contact via the second silicide layer 98. Only the portion where the contact plug 97 and the second contact region 83 are in contact with each other through the second silicide layer 98 can obtain good ohmic characteristics in the portion 69. That is, since the impurity concentration of the epitaxial layer 64 in the region where the second contact region 83 is not formed in the opening 69 is not sufficiently high, good ohmic characteristics can be obtained between the contact plug 97 and the second silicide layer 98. I can't. Therefore, current flows between the contact plug 97 and the second contact region 83, but almost no current flows between the contact plug 97 and the epitaxial layer 64 in which the second contact region 83 is not formed.
- the first silicide layer 95 is interposed between the first contact region 82 and the contact plug 94 formed immediately above the first contact layer 82.
- a second silicide layer 98 is interposed between the contact plug 97 formed immediately above the contact layer 83.
- the MOSFET built-in diode here refers to a pn junction portion between the p-type first well region 80 connected to the p + -type first contact region 82 and the n ⁇ -type epitaxial layer 64, for example. Point to.
- the built-in diode in the termination region 1A referred to here is, for example, a pn junction between the p-type JTE region 85 connected to the p + -type second contact region 83 and the n ⁇ -type epitaxial layer 64.
- a current flowing through a pn connection in the substrate including the epitaxial layer 64 is referred to as a pn current.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an epitaxial layer on a semiconductor substrate for explaining Shockley type stacking faults occurring in the epitaxial layer on the semiconductor substrate.
- the right side of FIG. 16 shows a plan view of Shockley type stacking faults occurring in the epitaxial layer.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic perspective view of a SiC semiconductor substrate (wafer), and shows a rectangular portion of a part of the semiconductor substrate at the center.
- the ellipse shown on the left side of FIG. 16 is an epitaxial layer, and the semiconductor substrate below it is not shown.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor substrate and an epitaxial layer used for explaining various defects generated in the epitaxial layer.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross section of the semiconductor substrate and the epitaxial layer thereon. In FIG. 17, hatching is omitted for easy understanding of the configuration of defects generated in the substrate or the like.
- FIG. 38 is a plan view of a semiconductor device shown as a comparative example.
- a crystal axis is tilted several degrees from the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ basal plane in the ⁇ 11-20> direction. Step flow growth is used. Therefore, basal plane dislocations (Basal Plane Dislocation: BPD) that exist in SiC crystals and become the core of stacking fault growth propagate along the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ basal plane in the epitaxially grown epitaxial layer (drift layer). .
- BPD Basal Plane Dislocation
- the BPD in the crystal of the epitaxial layer 64 is divided into two, from a base point N1 on the substrate side (not shown), a Shockley partial dislocation SIT having a Si core and a Shockley partial dislocation CT having a C core.
- the Shockley type partial dislocation SIT having the Si core is ⁇ 0001 ⁇ due to the released energy. It moves in the direction of spreading Shockley-type stacking faults along the basal plane.
- a plane defect called a Shockley type stacking fault occurs at a location between the two Shockley type partial dislocations.
- the Shockley type stacking fault SD As shown in FIG. 16, after the Shockley type stacking fault SD is generated in the substrate (not shown), it penetrates the drift layer from the bottom surface of the epitaxial layer 64, that is, the surface of the epitaxial layer 64 on the substrate side. Reach up to the top surface.
- the Shockley type stacking fault SD which is a surface defect is hatched.
- the angle formed between the Shockley partial dislocation SIT having the Si core and the Shockley partial dislocation CT having the C core is 60 degrees.
- the SiC power element is a vertical element in which current flows from the drift layer surface to the back surface, the current path is substantially perpendicular to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ basal plane.
- the Shockley-type stacking fault SD behaves like a quantum well in the ⁇ 0001> direction, traps electrons, and functions as a hole trap. Therefore, in the Shockley type stacking fault SD, recombination of electrons and holes is promoted, so that sufficient conductivity modulation cannot be obtained.
- the carrier density around the Shockley-type stacking fault SD is about an order of magnitude smaller than that in the normal region.
- the region including the Shockley type stacking fault SD becomes a higher resistance layer than the normal region, and the current flows while avoiding the Shockley type stacking fault SD. For this reason, the current density is increased by reducing the area through which the current flows, and the forward voltage (ON voltage) increases with the passage of energization time.
- TSD Threading Screw Dislocation
- TED Threading Edge Dislocation
- TED is a dislocation that propagates in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the SiC substrate 63 and hardly causes an increase in the forward voltage of the semiconductor device. Therefore, TED has little adverse effect on the characteristics of the semiconductor device as compared with BPD.
- As a method of preventing the occurrence of Shockley type stacking faults it is conceivable to reduce the BPD density in the epitaxial layer 64, and the reduction of the BPD density is realized by increasing the conversion efficiency from BPD to TED.
- the conversion probability from BPD to TED is increased, it is difficult to completely prevent the propagation of BPD into the epitaxial layer 64. Further, even those converted from BPD to TED in the buffer layer have a problem of growing Shockley type stacking faults.
- the increase in the forward voltage means that a voltage required when a predetermined current is passed through the semiconductor device is increased. That is, increasing the forward voltage leads to hindering power saving of the semiconductor device.
- the increase in the forward voltage becomes more significant as a larger current flows through the pn junction in the SiC semiconductor substrate. Therefore, the forward voltage increases as the energization time of the semiconductor device elapses. Therefore, if a large pn current flows locally in the semiconductor chip, the characteristics of the semiconductor device cannot be maintained over a long period of time, resulting in a problem that the life of the semiconductor device is shortened.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the forward voltage is likely to increase remarkably in the following configuration rather than the configuration in which a plurality of contact regions are provided in the peripheral region as in the present embodiment. That is, the present inventors contact one contact region that circulates along the peripheral region with one silicide layer that circulates along the peripheral region, and makes contact between the contact region that circulates along the peripheral region and the silicide layer. It has been found that when one continuous contact region is formed, a large pn current tends to flow locally in the peripheral region, and Shockley defects grow greatly, so that the forward voltage is likely to increase significantly.
- the region where the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other is divided into a plurality of regions, so that the pn in the peripheral region 66 is present.
- the current is limited, and a large amount of pn current can be prevented from flowing locally in the peripheral region 66.
- local growth of Shockley type stacking faults can be prevented, and a rapid increase in forward voltage can be suppressed. Therefore, the characteristics of a power-saving semiconductor element that can flow a desired current with a low applied voltage can be maintained for a long period of time, so that the performance of the semiconductor device can be improved.
- the area where the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other in plan view is equal to or smaller than the area where the first contact region 82 and the first silicide layer 95 are in contact. Therefore, since the ease of the flow of the pn current in the peripheral region 66 with respect to the element region 65 is limited, the distribution of the amount of pn current flowing between the element region 65 and the peripheral region 66 is optimized, and the pn current flows in the peripheral region 66. Further large local flow can be further prevented.
- the distribution of the pn current can be equalized, and the characteristics can be maintained over a long period of time. And the performance of the semiconductor device can be improved.
- FIGS. 4 to 13 are cross-sectional views for explaining the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment. 4 to 13, the cross section of the termination region 1A, which is the peripheral region of the semiconductor device, is shown on the left side of the drawing, and the cross section of the element region 1B where the MOSFET is formed is shown on the right side of the drawing.
- an n + type SiC substrate 63 is prepared.
- An n-type impurity is introduced into SiC substrate 63 at a relatively high concentration.
- the n-type impurity is, for example, nitrogen (N), and the impurity concentration of the n-type impurity is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the main surface of the SiC substrate 63 is, for example, a ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- an epitaxial layer 64 which is an n ⁇ type semiconductor layer of SiC is formed on the main surface of the SiC substrate 63 by an epitaxial growth method.
- the epitaxial layer 64 is doped with an n-type impurity lower than the impurity concentration of the SiC substrate 63.
- the impurity concentration of the epitaxial layer 64 depends on the rated breakdown voltage of the element and is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 14 to 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness of the epitaxial layer 64 is, for example, 3 to 80 ⁇ m.
- a mask 10 is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the mask 10 is a film exposing a part of the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 in the termination region 1A.
- the thickness of the mask 10 is, for example, about 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- SiO 2 (silicon oxide) or photoresist is used as the material of the mask 10.
- a p-type impurity for example, aluminum (Al)
- Al aluminum
- a JTE region 85 which is a p-type semiconductor region is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 in the termination region 1A.
- the depth of the JTE region 85 from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is, for example, about 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration in the JTE region 85 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 16 to 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the mask 11 is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the mask 11 is a film exposing a plurality of locations on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 in the element region 1B.
- the thickness of the mask 11 is, for example, about 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- SiO 2 or photoresist is used as the material of the mask 11.
- a p-type impurity for example, aluminum (Al)
- Al aluminum
- a p-type impurity for example, aluminum (Al)
- first well regions 80 which are p-type semiconductor regions are formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 in the element region 1B.
- the depth of the first well region 80 from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is, for example, about 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration of the first well region 80 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 16 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the mask 12 is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the thickness of the mask 12 is, for example, about 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- SiO 2 or photoresist is used as the material of the mask 12.
- n-type impurities for example, nitrogen (N)
- n-type impurities for example, nitrogen (N)
- first source regions 81 which are n + type semiconductor regions are formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- Each first source region 81 is formed in the center of the first well region 80 in plan view.
- the depth of each first source region 81 from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is, for example, about 0.05 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration of the first source region 81 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the mask 13 is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the thickness of the mask 13 is, for example, about 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- SiO 2 or photoresist is used as the material of the mask 13.
- the first contact region 82 is a semiconductor region of p + -type plurality formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 in the element region 1B, a semiconductor region of the upper surface of p + -type epitaxial layer 64 of the termination region 1A
- a plurality of two contact regions 83 are formed.
- Each first contact region 82 is formed at the center of each first source region 81 in plan view.
- the second contact region 83 is formed on the upper surface of the JTE region 85. In this way, a plurality of contact regions separated from each other are formed in the peripheral region 66.
- the depth of the first contact region 82 and the second contact region 83 from the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is, for example, about 0.05 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration of the first contact region 82 and the second contact region 83 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the area of each second contact region 83 in plan view is smaller than the area of each first contact region 82.
- a mask 14 serving as a protective film is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- n-type impurities for example, nitrogen (N)
- a drain region 84 which is an n + type semiconductor region is formed on the back surface of the SiC substrate 63.
- the depth of the drain region 84 from the back surface of the SiC substrate 63 is, for example, about 0.05 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration of the drain region 84 is 1 ⁇ 10 19 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the carbon (C) film is removed by using, for example, a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method so that all the masks are removed and the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 and the back surface of the SiC substrate 63 are in contact.
- the thickness of the carbon (C) film is, for example, about 0.03 to 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the upper surface of SiC epitaxial layer 64 and the back surface of SiC substrate 63 are covered with the carbon (C) film, and then heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or more for about 2 to 3 minutes. Thereby, each impurity ion-implanted into the upper surface of SiC epitaxial layer 64 and the back surface of SiC substrate 63 is activated.
- the carbon (C) film is removed by, for example, plasma processing.
- an insulating film 89 and an n-type polycrystalline Si film are sequentially formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64, and then a mask 15 is formed on the polycrystalline Si film.
- the insulating film 89 and the polycrystalline Si film are formed by, for example, a CVD method.
- the mask 15 is formed between adjacent first contact regions 82 on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64.
- the polycrystalline Si film is processed by a dry etching method using the mask 15 to form a gate electrode 92 made of the polycrystalline Si film.
- the thickness of the insulating film 89 is, for example, about 0.05 to 0.15 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the gate electrode 92 is, for example, about 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- an interlayer insulating film 93 is formed on the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 so as to cover the gate electrode 92 and the insulating film 89 by, for example, a plasma CVD method. Thereafter, the upper surface of the epitaxial layer 64 is exposed by processing the interlayer insulating film 93 and the insulating film 89 by a dry etching method using the mask 16.
- the gate insulating film 91 made of the insulating film 89 is formed immediately below the gate electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 93 in the element region 1B. Further, through the etching process, an opening 68 is formed in the interlayer insulating film 93 in the element region 1 ⁇ / b> B so that a part of the first source region 81 and the upper surface of each of the first contact regions 82 are exposed. In the interlayer insulating film 93 in the termination region 1A, an opening 69 in which the upper surfaces of the second contact region 83 and the JTE region 85 are exposed is formed.
- Each of the plurality of unit cells 70 shown in FIG. 12 includes a first well region 80, a first source region 81, a first contact region 82 that are adjacent to each other, and a gate insulating film 91 directly above the first well region 80.
- the gate electrode 92 is formed.
- a first silicide layer 95 and a second silicide layer are formed on the bottom of the opening 68 in the element region 1B and the bottom of the opening 69 in the termination region 1A, respectively.
- Layer 98 is formed.
- first metal film for example, nickel (Ni)
- a first metal film is deposited by, eg, sputtering so as to cover the exposed epitaxial layer 64.
- the thickness of the first metal film is, for example, about 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the first metal film and the epitaxial layer 64 are reacted on the bottom surface of the opening 68 in the element region 1B and the bottom surface of the opening 69 in the termination region 1A.
- a first silicide layer 95 and a second silicide layer 98 made of nickel silicide (NiSi) are formed.
- the impurity concentration is not sufficiently high in the portion where the second contact region 83 is not exposed, so that the epitaxial layer 64 and the first silicide layer 95 No good ohmic connection is formed between them.
- each of the opening 68 reaching the first silicide layer 95, the opening 69 reaching the second silicide layer 98, and the opening (not shown) reaching the gate electrode 92 is embedded.
- a second metal (for example, titanium (Ti)) film, a titanium nitride (TiN) film, and an aluminum (Al) film are sequentially stacked on the interlayer insulating film 93.
- the thickness of the aluminum (Al) film is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, for example.
- the source wiring electrode 96 or the gate wiring electrode is made of the laminated film on the interlayer insulating film 93
- the contact plug 94 is made of the laminated film in the opening 68
- the contact plug 97 is in the opening 69. It consists of the said laminated film.
- the source wiring electrode 96 is electrically connected to the first contact region 82 and the second contact region 83 through the first silicide layer 95 and the second silicide layer 98 so as to have ohmic properties.
- a gate wiring electrode (not shown) is electrically connected to the gate electrode 92.
- an insulating film made of a SiO 2 film or a polyimide film is formed so as to cover the gate wiring electrode and the source wiring electrode 96, and the passivation film 99 is formed by processing the insulating film.
- the passivation film 99 covers the termination region 1A and opens in the element region 1B.
- a third metal film is formed on the back surface of the SiC substrate 63 by, for example, a sputtering method and subjected to a laser silicidation heat treatment, whereby the third metal film and the SiC substrate 63 are reacted to form a third silicide layer. 100 is formed.
- the third silicide layer 100 is in contact with the lower surface of the drain region 84.
- the thickness of the third metal film is, for example, about 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a drain wiring electrode 90 is formed so as to cover the bottom surface of the third silicide layer 100.
- the drain wiring electrode 90 is composed of a 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m laminated film formed by laminating a titanium (Ti) film, a nickel (Ni) film, and a gold (Au) film in this order from the third silicide layer 100 side. .
- FIG. 2 show a configuration in which the second silicide layer 98 covers all the upper surfaces of the plurality of second contact regions 83, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. As described above, the second silicide layer 98 may have a layout covering a part of the second contact region 83. 14 and 15 are plan views showing modifications of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- the second silicide layer 98 is formed so as to cover the entire upper surface of the second contact region 83. In FIG. 15, the second silicide layer 98 is formed so as to cover a part of the second contact region 83 in plan view.
- the first silicide layer 95 in the element region 65 is in contact with one first contact region 82, and the second silicide layer 98 in the peripheral region 66 is one in the first region.
- the area in contact with the two contact region 83 can be further reduced. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively prevent the pn current from flowing locally in the peripheral region 66 as compared with the structure shown in FIGS.
- the area of one first silicide layer 95 in plan view is, for example, 5 ⁇ m 2
- the area of one second silicide layer 98 is smaller than 5 ⁇ m 2 .
- the opening 69 of the termination region 1A is formed in the manufacturing process described with reference to FIG. 14 or the layout similar to the shape of the first silicide layer 95 and the second silicide layer 98 in FIG.
- the peripheral region 66 is not defined by the opening of the interlayer insulating film in the termination region 67 but indicates an annular region including a power feeding portion to the termination region 67 around the element region 65.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip that is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 19 and 20 are plan views of semiconductor chips shown as modifications of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor chip 60 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and the four sides constituting the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip 60 are composed of two sets of two sides parallel to each other.
- each of the two sides parallel to the specific first direction is referred to as a first side and is orthogonal to each of the two first sides.
- Two sides parallel to the second direction are referred to as second sides.
- the first side is a side having a small angle ⁇ with the ⁇ 11-20> direction which is the off direction of the SiC semiconductor substrate 63 which is the off substrate.
- the off angle is, for example, 4 degrees. That is, the angle ⁇ formed by the first side with the ⁇ 11-20> direction is smaller than the angle formed by the second side with the ⁇ 11-20> direction.
- the minimum positive value angle ⁇ that the first direction makes with the ⁇ 11-20> direction is smaller than the minimum positive value angle that the second direction makes with the ⁇ 11-20> direction. Therefore, the angle formed with the ⁇ 1-100> direction perpendicular to the ⁇ 11-20> direction is smaller in the second direction than in the first direction.
- the angle referred to in the present application is the absolute value of the minimum angle formed by a predetermined direction and the extending direction of another side or region in plan view. That is, the angles referred to in the present application are all positive values of 0 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.
- the angle ⁇ is less than 45 degrees.
- the layout of the peripheral region 66 and the second silicide layer 98 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the peripheral region 66 is a rectangle along each of the four sides constituting the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip 60 in plan view. It has the following annular pattern.
- the second contact region 83 is selectively formed on the side of the peripheral region 66 extending in the direction parallel to the first side among the four sides constituting the peripheral region 66. In other words, of the two sides that define the semiconductor chip 1, the peripheral region that extends in a direction that has a large angle ⁇ with the ⁇ 11-20> direction that is the off direction of the SiC semiconductor substrate 63, that is, a direction that is parallel to the second side. 66, the second contact region 83 is not formed.
- the second contact region 83 of the present embodiment is not a structure in which a plurality of square patterns having an area equal to or smaller than the first contact region 82 are arranged in the peripheral region 66.
- the pattern has a larger area than the contact region 82 and extends along the peripheral region 66.
- the MOSFET element region 65, the peripheral region 66, and the termination region 67 mounted on the semiconductor chip 60 have a circular shape in plan view.
- it may have another polygon such as a triangle, a trapezoid, or a hexagon.
- the second contact is selectively applied to the first direction or a region extending in a direction in which the angle formed with respect to the first direction is smaller than the angle formed with respect to the second direction. Region 83 is formed.
- the region extending in the second direction is separated from the region where the second contact region 83 and the silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other.
- the second contact region 83 and the silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other in a region extending in a direction where the angle formed with respect to the second direction is smaller than the angle formed with respect to the first direction. Are separated from each other.
- the peripheral region 66 extending in a circular shape extends in different directions depending on the location.
- the second contact region 83 is selectively formed in the peripheral region 66 extending in a direction in which the angle formed with respect to the first direction is smaller than the angle formed with respect to the second direction. Has been.
- FIG. 18 and 19 show the second silicide layer 98 having a frame-like configuration extending along each side of the rectangular semiconductor chip 60.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. A pattern in which the second silicide layer 98 is not formed in the edge region 66 extending in the direction parallel to the second side, ie, the side having a large angle ⁇ with the ⁇ 11-20> direction which is the off direction of the substrate 63. But you can.
- the first contact region 82 ohmically connected to the source wiring electrode 96 (see FIG. 2) via the first silicide layer 95 and the second silicide layer 98.
- a pn current flows to the second contact region 83 that is ohmically connected to the source wiring electrode 96 via the.
- the impurity concentration is not sufficiently high, good ohmic characteristics cannot be obtained, and pn current hardly flows.
- a Shockley type stacking fault is formed by a Shockley type partial dislocation having a Si core moving in a direction of spreading the Shockley type stacking fault along the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ basal plane of the SiC substrate 63 when a pn current flows. Is done.
- Shockley-type stacking fault SD has a base point N1 where BPD occurs in the epitaxial layer as a vertex, and is an off direction of the SiC substrate (not shown) from the vertex ⁇ 11-20. In the> direction, the SiC substrate is expanded so that the ⁇ 11-20 ⁇ plane becomes the base of the triangle, and finally reaches the upper surface of the SiC epitaxial layer.
- the inventors of the present application suppress the increase in the area of the triangle of the Shockley-type stacking fault SD, that is, prevent the base of the triangle from becoming long. I thought. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the semiconductor chip 60 is viewed from above, the ⁇ 11-20> direction which is the off direction of the SiC substrate in the pattern of the region where the second contact region 83 and the silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other The pattern width in the ⁇ 1-100> direction orthogonal to the off direction is made smaller than the pattern width in the above.
- the pattern of the region where the second contact region 83 and the silicide layer 98 are in contact with each other in plan view has the pattern width of the peripheral region 66 in the second direction as the peripheral region in the first direction. It is selectively formed in an area smaller than the pattern width of 66.
- the second contact region 83 is located at a location where the pattern width in the second direction is smaller than the first direction and the angle formed with the ⁇ 1-100> direction perpendicular to the off direction of the SiC substrate is larger. Not formed.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 are plan views of a semiconductor chip shown as a modification of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 are plan views of a semiconductor chip shown as a modification of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- each of the plurality of second contact regions 83 arranged in the peripheral region 66 has a size equal to or smaller than the area of each first contact region 82.
- Has a pattern. That is, the semiconductor device of the present embodiment is a combination of the features of the semiconductor devices of the first and second embodiments.
- each first contact region 82 is selectively formed in a region extending in a direction having a small angle with the ⁇ 11-20> direction, which is the off direction of the SiC substrate, in peripheral region 66.
- a plurality of second contact regions 83 having a size equal to or smaller than the area are arranged.
- This feature is the same in any of the semiconductor chips 60 shown in FIGS. 21, 22, and 23 correspond to the configurations of FIGS. 18, 19, and 20 of the second embodiment, and FIG. 18 and FIG. 21, FIG. 19, FIG.
- the difference between FIG. 20 and FIG. 23 is only the layout of the second contact region 83.
- the structure shown in FIG. 24 is obtained by changing the layout of the second silicide layer 98 with respect to the structure shown in FIG. 21 as in the structure described with reference to FIG. Only the central part of each second contact region 83 is covered with the second silicide layer 98.
- the pn current is locally generated in the peripheral region 66 by setting the area of each second contact region 83 to be equal to or smaller than the area of the first contact region 82 as in the first embodiment. A large flow can be prevented. Further, by arranging the plurality of second contact regions 83 in a predetermined region in the peripheral region 66, the distribution of the pn current can be equalized. With these structures, local growth of Shockley type stacking faults can be prevented, and a rapid increase in forward voltage can be suppressed.
- the pattern width of the peripheral region 66 in the second direction with a small angle between the pattern of the second contact region 83 and the ⁇ 1-100> direction orthogonal to the off direction of the SiC substrate is small.
- the SiC substrate is selectively formed in a region smaller than the pattern width of the peripheral region 66 in the first direction with a small angle with the ⁇ 11-20> direction which is the off direction of the SiC substrate. Therefore, since the Shockley type stacking fault can be prevented from expanding, an increase in the forward voltage can be suppressed.
- the characteristics of a power-saving semiconductor element that can flow a desired current with a low applied voltage can be maintained for a long time, so that the performance of the semiconductor device is improved. Can be made.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the layouts of the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 are different as shown in FIGS. Further, the layout of the opening 69 and the contact plug 97 in the termination region 1A of the interlayer insulating film 93 shown in FIG. 26 is also different from that of the first embodiment. Further, in the present embodiment, the peripheral region 66 shown in FIG. 25 is not defined by the opening of the interlayer insulating film in the termination region 67 but includes a power feeding portion to the termination region 67 around the element region 65. Refers to an annular region.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 26 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA and a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 25, as in FIG.
- a second contact region 83 that is a potential fixing region to the termination region 67 is formed on the entire surface of the peripheral region 66. That is, the plurality of second contact regions 83 are not arranged side by side and have an annular pattern surrounding the element region 65.
- a plurality of openings 69 are formed in the interlayer insulating film 93 in the termination region 1A, and contact plugs 97 are formed in the openings 69.
- a part of the second contact region 83 is exposed from the interlayer insulating film 93 on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of openings 69, and a second silicide layer 98 is formed on the upper surface of the exposed second contact region 83.
- the area of the second silicide layer 98 in plan view is equal to or smaller than the area of the first contact region 82 in plan view.
- the area of the second silicide layer 98 in plan view is equal to or smaller than the area of the first silicide layer 95 in plan view. Therefore, the area of one first silicide layer 95 in plan view is, for example, 5 ⁇ m 2 , and the area of one second silicide layer 98 is smaller than, for example, 5 ⁇ m 2 .
- the area where one contact plug 97 is ohmicly connected to the second contact region 83 via the second silicide layer 98 is the same as that of the first contact plug 94 via the first silicide layer 95.
- the size is equal to or smaller than the area connected to the region 82 in an ohmic manner.
- the pn current can be prevented from flowing largely locally in the termination region.
- the pn current distribution can be equalized by arranging a plurality of second silicide layers 98 having a relatively small area, the local growth of Shockley type stacking faults can be prevented, and a rapid forward voltage can be prevented. Can be suppressed.
- the characteristics of a power-saving semiconductor element that can flow a desired current with a low applied voltage can be maintained for a long time, so that the performance of the semiconductor device is improved. Can be made.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the difference between the present embodiment and the fourth embodiment lies in the layout of the contact plug and the second silicide layer 98 in the peripheral region 66, as shown in FIGS.
- the second contact region 83 is formed over the entire peripheral region 66 in the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, and a predetermined contact is formed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- a region capable of selective ohmic connection is provided in the peripheral region 66 extending in the direction.
- the semiconductor device of the present embodiment is obtained by replacing the pattern shapes of the second silicide layer 98 and the second contact region 83 in plan view in the layout of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment. is there.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip that is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 28 and 29 are plan views of semiconductor chips shown as modifications of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- a contact plug (not shown) and a second silicide layer 98 are formed in a peripheral region 66 extending in a first direction parallel to the first side having a small ⁇ .
- the contact plug and the second silicide layer 98 are not formed.
- the second contact region 83 is formed over the entire peripheral region 66 and has an annular pattern in plan view. Unlike the fourth embodiment, the second silicide layer 98 extends in the peripheral region 66 and has a larger area than the first silicide layer 95.
- the contact plug connected to the second contact region 83 via the second silicide layer 98 in the peripheral region 66 has the same structure as that described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26 and the second silicide layer 98 in plan view. It has a similar pattern.
- the element region 65, the peripheral region 66, and the termination region 67 may have a circular shape, or a polygon such as a triangle, a trapezoid, or a hexagon, although illustration is omitted. Also in this case, the contact plug and the second silicide layer 98 are partially formed in the peripheral region 66 as in the structure shown in FIG.
- the second contact region 83 formed on the entire surface of the peripheral region 66 is shown.
- the second contact region 83 is a part of the peripheral region 66 and is only in a region overlapping the second silicide layer 98 in plan view, or in the region and its vicinity. It may be formed only in the region.
- the region where the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 overlap in plan view may be the entire upper surface of the second contact region 83 or a part of the second contact region 83. May be.
- the Shockley type stacking fault is difficult to expand even when a pn current flows, and the angle ⁇ formed with the ⁇ 11-20> direction which is the off direction is along the direction where the angle ⁇ is small.
- a second silicide layer 98 is selectively formed in the region. That is, as in the second embodiment, a region in which the second contact region 83 and the contact plug are ohmically connected via the second silicide layer 98 is selectively included in the peripheral region 66 extending in a predetermined direction. Provided. For this reason, the effect similar to the said Embodiment 2 can be acquired.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the difference between the present embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that, as shown in FIGS. 30 to 33, the area of the contact plug of the peripheral region 66 and the pattern of the second silicide layer 98 in plan view is as follows.
- the size is equal to or smaller than the area where the first contact region 82 and the first silicide layer 95 overlap. That is, the present embodiment is a combination of the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment. In other words, the present embodiment is obtained by replacing the pattern shapes of the second silicide layer 98 and the second contact region 83 in plan view in the layout of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a plan view of a semiconductor chip which is a semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 31 to 33 are plan views of semiconductor chips shown as modifications of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- an annular second contact region 83 is formed over the entire peripheral region 66 of the semiconductor chip 60, and the first angle formed with the ⁇ 11-20> direction, which is the off direction of the SiC substrate, is small.
- a second silicide layer 98 and a contact plug (not shown) immediately above the second silicide layer 98 are selectively formed in the peripheral region 66 extending in the direction.
- a plurality of second silicide layers 98 and contact plugs immediately above the second silicide layers 98 are formed side by side in the peripheral region 66.
- the area where the second contact region 83 overlaps with one second silicide layer 98 in plan view is equal to or smaller than the area where each first contact region 82 of the element region 65 overlaps with one first silicide layer 95.
- the element region 65, the peripheral region 66, and the termination region 67 may have a circular shape, or a polygon such as a triangle, a trapezoid, or a hexagon, although illustration is omitted.
- the contact plug and the second silicide layer 98 are partially formed as in the structure shown in FIG. 30, and, similarly to FIG. Several are arranged side by side.
- the second contact region 83 may be formed in a part of the peripheral region 66 and only in the vicinity of the second silicide layer 98.
- the region where the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 overlap in plan view may be the entire surface of the second contact region 83 or a part of the second contact region 83.
- the second silicide layer 98 covers a part of the upper surface of the second contact region 83
- the second silicide layer 98 covers the entire surface of the second contact region 83.
- second silicide layer 98 and second contact region 83 extend along the extending direction of peripheral region 66 extending in the first direction with a small angle with the ⁇ 11-20> direction, which is the off direction of the SiC substrate. Are arranged side by side.
- the area where the second contact region 83 and the second silicide layer 98 overlap is equal to or less than the area where the first silicide layer 95 and the first contact region 82 overlap.
- the pn current can be prevented from flowing largely locally in the peripheral region 66.
- the distribution of the pn current can be equalized by arranging the plurality of second silicide layers 98 in a predetermined region in the peripheral region 66 evenly.
- the Shockley-type stacking fault is difficult to expand even when a pn current flows, and the second contact region 83 and the contact plug are selectively formed in a region along a predetermined direction.
- a power feeding portion that is ohmically connected via the two-silicide layer 98 is provided. As described above, in the present embodiment, the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor device having the SiC MOSFET shown in the first to sixth embodiments can be used for a power conversion device.
- a circuit diagram of the power converter (inverter) of the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the inverter 140 is a three-phase motor driving inverter including a power module 150 and a control circuit 154.
- the power module 150 is a device including a plurality of switching elements 151 and a plurality of diodes 152, and has a configuration within a range surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
- the switching element 151 and the diode 152 are connected in antiparallel between the power supply potential (Vcc) and the input potential of the load (for example, motor) 153, and the input of the load 153
- the switching element 151 and the diode 152 are also connected in antiparallel between the potential and the ground potential (GND). That is, in the load 153, two switching elements 151 and two diodes 152 are provided for each single phase, and six switching elements 151 and six diodes 152 are provided for three phases.
- a control circuit 154 is connected to the gate electrode of each switching element 151, and the switching element 151 is controlled by the control circuit 154. Therefore, the load 153 can be driven by controlling the current flowing through the switching element 151 constituting the power module 150 by the control circuit 154.
- the switching element 151 and the diode 152 are connected in antiparallel.
- the function of the diode 152 at this time will be described below.
- the diode 152 When the load 153 is a pure resistor that does not include an inductance, the diode 152 is unnecessary because there is no energy to circulate. However, when a circuit including an inductance such as a motor (electric motor) is connected to the load 153, there is a mode in which a load current flows in the opposite direction to the switching element 151 that is turned on. At this time, the switching element 151 alone does not have a function of allowing a load current flowing in the opposite direction to flow, and thus it is necessary to connect the diode 152 to the switching element 151 in antiparallel.
- a circuit including an inductance such as a motor (electric motor)
- the load 153 when the load 153 includes an inductance like a motor, for example, when the switching element 151 is turned off, the energy stored in the inductance must be released.
- the switching element 151 alone cannot flow a reverse current for releasing the energy stored in the inductance. Therefore, a diode 152 is connected to the switching element 151 in the reverse direction in order to return the electric energy stored in the inductance. That is, the diode 152 has a function of flowing a reverse current to release the electrical energy stored in the inductance.
- the power module 150 When the power module 150 is configured by the switching element 151 and the diode 152, it is conceivable to connect the semiconductor chip provided with the diode 152 to the semiconductor chip provided with the switching element 151. However, in this case, since it is necessary to provide a semiconductor chip including the diode 152 in addition to the semiconductor chip including the switching element 151, there is a problem that the power module 150 and the inverter 140 are increased in size.
- the semiconductor chip which is the semiconductor device described in the first to sixth embodiments is used for the switching element 151 and the diode 152. That is, the switching element 151 shown in FIG. 34 and the diode 152 connected in antiparallel to the switching element 151 are provided in one semiconductor chip.
- the semiconductor devices described in the first to sixth embodiments can suppress an increase in forward voltage when a pn current is passed through the built-in diode and the peripheral region.
- the pn junction of the MOSFET built-in diode can be energized and used. Can be used as the diode 152. Thereby, an unnecessary diode element can be removed.
- the built-in diode of the MOSFET constituting the semiconductor chip which is the semiconductor device described in the first to sixth embodiments can be used as the diode 152 shown in FIG. It is not necessary to connect a diode. Thereby, the power converter device including the inverter 140 including the power module 150 can be reduced in size.
- the power conversion device can be used for a three-phase motor system.
- the load 153 shown in FIG. 34 is a three-phase motor, and the three-phase motor system is miniaturized by using the power conversion device including the semiconductor device shown in the first to sixth embodiments as the inverter 140. be able to.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the electric vehicle in the present embodiment
- FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram showing the boost converter in the present embodiment.
- the electric vehicle includes a three-phase motor 162 that allows power to be input / output to / from a drive shaft 161 to which drive wheels 160 are connected, an inverter 163 that drives the three-phase motor 162, and a battery 164.
- a boost converter 165 With. Further, it includes a boost converter 165, a relay 166, and a power supply control unit 174.
- the boost converter 165 is connected to a power line 167 to which the inverter 163 is connected and a power line 168 to which the battery 164 is connected. .
- a three-phase motor 162 is connected to the drive shaft 161
- an inverter 163 is connected to the three-phase motor 162
- a boost converter 165 is connected to the inverter 163 via the power line 167.
- a battery 164 is connected to the boost converter 165 via a power line 168 having a relay 166.
- the three-phase motor 162 is a synchronous generator motor including a rotor embedded with permanent magnets and a stator wound with a three-phase coil.
- the inverter 163 the inverter 140 (see FIG. 34) described in Embodiment 7 can be used.
- boost converter 165 has a configuration in which a reactor 170 and a smoothing capacitor 171 are connected to inverter 169.
- the configuration of the inverter 169 is the same as that of the inverter 140 described in the seventh embodiment, and the configuration of the switching element 172 and the diode 173 in the inverter 169 is also the switching element 151 described in the seventh embodiment (see FIG. 34). ) And the diode 152 (see FIG. 34).
- the electronic control unit 174 includes a microprocessor, a storage device, and an input / output port, and receives a signal from a sensor that detects the rotor position of the three-phase motor 162, a charge / discharge value of the battery 164, and the like. Electronic control unit 174 outputs a signal for controlling inverter 163, boost converter 165, and relay 166.
- the power conversion device described in the seventh embodiment can be used for the inverter 163 and the boost converter 165 which are power conversion devices.
- the three-phase motor system shown in the seventh embodiment can be used for a three-phase motor system including the three-phase motor 162 and the inverter 163. As a result, the volume of the drive system in the electric vehicle can be reduced, and the electric vehicle can be reduced in size, weight, and space.
- the electric vehicle has been described.
- the three-phase motor system can be similarly applied to a hybrid vehicle that also uses an engine.
- FIG. 37 shows a railway vehicle using the three-phase motor system in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a circuit diagram showing a converter and an inverter provided in the railway vehicle of the seventh embodiment.
- the railway vehicle 141 includes a pantograph PG, wheels WH, a transformer 180, a converter 181, a capacitor 182, an inverter 140, and a load (for example, an electric motor) 153.
- the pantograph PG is in contact with the overhead line OW outside the railway vehicle 141, and the wheel WH is in contact with the track RT outside the railway vehicle 141.
- a transformer 180 is connected between the pantograph PG and the wheel WH. Transformer 180 is connected to converter 181, and capacitor 182 and inverter 140 are connected in parallel to converter 181. A load 153 is connected to the inverter 140.
- Electric power is supplied to the railway vehicle 141 from the overhead line OW (for example, 25 kV) via the panda graph PG.
- the voltage is stepped down to 1.5 kV via a transformer 180 provided in the railway vehicle 141, and converted from AC to DC by a converter 181.
- the inverter 140 converts the direct current into the alternating current through the capacitor 182 and is supplied with electric power from the inverter 140, thereby driving the three-phase motor (electric motor) as the load 153.
- switching element 151 and diode 152 in converter 181 and the configuration of switching element 151 and diode 152 in inverter 140 are the same as the configuration of switching element 151 and diode 152 described in the seventh embodiment.
- the control circuit 154 shown in the seventh embodiment is not shown.
- the converter 181 can use the power conversion device described in the seventh embodiment for a railway vehicle. Further, the three-phase motor system described in the seventh embodiment can be used for a three-phase motor system including a load 153, an inverter 140, and a control circuit installed in a railway vehicle. As a result, the weight of the railway vehicle and the downsizing of the underfloor parts can be reduced.
- a junction field effect transistor for example, a junction field effect transistor, a metal-oxide semiconductor junction field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a pn diode, a Schottky diode, or a junction barrier Schottky diode is formed in the element region of a SiC semiconductor chip. It doesn't matter.
- the present invention is effective when applied to a semiconductor device using silicon carbide, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device, and a power module, an inverter, and a railway vehicle using the semiconductor device.
- Mask 60 Semiconductor chip 61 Gate pad 62 Source pad 63 SiC substrate 64
- Epitaxial layer 65 Element area (active area) 66 peripheral region 67 termination region 68, 69 opening 80 p-type first well region 81 first source region 82 first contact region 83 second contact region 84 drain region 85 JTE region 89 insulating film 90 drain electrode 91 gate insulating film 92
- Contact plug 95 First silicide layer 96 Source wiring electrode 97 Contact plug 98 Second silicide layer region 99 Passivation film 100
- Third silicide layer 140 Inverter 141 Rail vehicle 150 Power module 151 Switching element 152 Diode 153 Load 154 Control circuit 160 Drive wheel 161 Drive shaft 162 Three-phase motor 163 Inverter 164 Battery 165 Boost converter 166 Relay 167, 168 Electric power line 169 Inverter 170 Reactor 171 Smoothing capacitor 172 Switching element 173 Di
Landscapes
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下、本実施の形態の半導体装置である半導体チップの構造について、図1、図2および図3を用いて説明する。図1は、本実施の形態の半導体装置である半導体チップの平面図である。図2は、図1のA-A線およびB-B線における断面図である。図3は、本実施の形態の半導体装置である半導体チップの平面図であって、図1に示す複数の素子が形成される領域よりも上層のパッドの形成層を示すものである。
本実施の形態における半導体装置の製造方法について、図4~図13を用いて工程順に説明する。図4~図13は本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造工程を説明する断面図である。図4~図13では、図の左側に半導体装置の周縁領域であるターミネーション領域1Aの断面を示し、図の右側にMOSFETが形成される素子領域1Bの断面を示す。
図1および図2では、第2シリサイド層98が複数の第2コンタクト領域83のそれぞれの上面を全て覆う構成を示しているが、これに限定されるものではなく、図14または図15に示すように、第2シリサイド層98は、第2コンタクト領域83の一部を覆うレイアウトを有していてもよい。図14および図15は本実施の形態の半導体装置の変形例を示す平面図である。
1B 素子領域
10~16 マスク
60 半導体チップ
61 ゲートパッド
62 ソースパッド
63 SiC基板
64 エピタキシャル層
65 素子領域(アクティブ領域)
66 周縁領域
67 ターミネーション領域
68、69 開口部
80 p型の第1ウェル領域
81 第1ソース領域
82 第1コンタクト領域
83 第2コンタクト領域
84 ドレイン領域
85 JTE領域
89 絶縁膜
90 ドレイン電極
91 ゲート絶縁膜
92 ゲート電極
93 層間絶縁膜
94 コンタクトプラグ
95 第1シリサイド層
96 ソース配線用電極
97 コンタクトプラグ
98 第2シリサイド層領域
99 パッシベーション膜
100 第3シリサイド層
140 インバータ
141 鉄道車両
150 パワーモジュール
151 スイッチング素子
152 ダイオード
153 負荷
154 制御回路
160 駆動輪
161 駆動軸
162 3相モータ
163 インバータ
164 バッテリ
165 昇圧コンバータ
166 リレー
167、168 電力ライン
169 インバータ
170 リアクトル
171 平滑用コンデンサ
172 スイッチング素子
173 ダイオード
174 電源制御ユニット
180 トランス
181 コンバータ
182 キャパシタ
CT Cコアを有するショックレー型部分転位
N1 基点
OW 架線
RT 線路
SIT Siコアを有するショックレー型部分転位
Claims (13)
- 炭化ケイ素を含む第1導電型の基板と、
前記基板の表面側に形成されている第1導電型のドリフト層を含むエピタキシャル層と、
第1および第2コンタクトプラグと、
素子領域を囲むターミネーション領域に、前記エピタキシャル層の上面に形成されている前記第1導電型とは異なる第2導電型のコンタクト領域とシリサイド層とが接触している互いに独立した第1および第2領域と、
を有し、
前記第1コンタクトプラグは、前記第1領域を介して前記エピタキシャル層に接続され、
前記第2コンタクトプラグは、前記第2領域を介して前記エピタキシャル層に接続されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記基板は、平面視において、第1方向に延在する2辺と、前記第1方向に略直交する第2方向に延在する2辺とにより構成された矩形形状を有する六方晶系半導体基板で、かつオフ基板であり、
前記第1方向が、前記基板のオフ方向となす角度は、前記第2方向が、前記基板のオフ方向となす角度よりも小さく、
前記ターミネーション領域の内、前記第1方向に延在する一方の辺に沿っている部分に前記第1領域が存在し、前記第1方向に延在するもう一方の辺に沿っている部分に第2領域が存在していることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項2に記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1および第2領域は、前記第2方向に延在する2辺に沿っている前記ターミネーション領域の部分で互いに隔てられていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項2に記載の半導体基板において、
前記オフ方向は、前記基板の<11-20>方向であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記素子領域に形成されている第3コンタクトプラグと、
前記素子領域に、シリサイド層と前記エピタキシャル層の上面に形成されている前記第2導電型のコンタクト領域が接触している第3領域と、を有し、
前記第3コンタクトプラグは、前記第3領域を介して前記エピタキシャル層に接続され、
前記第1および第2領域の面積のそれぞれは、前記第3領域の面積以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグは、それぞれが独立したシリサイド層を介して接続されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグは、それぞれが独立した前記第2導電型のコンタクト領域を介して接続されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記素子領域にはソース電極と接続されているMOSFET構造を有し、
前記第1領域は、前記第1コンタクトプラグを介して前記ソース電極に接続され、
前記第2領域は、前記第2コンタクトプラグを介して前記ソース電極に接続され、
前記基板の裏面はドレイン電極に接続されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項8に記載の半導体装置と、
前記ソース電極に接続されている第1端子と、
前記ドレイン電極に接続されている第2端子と、を有するパワーモジュール。 - 請求項9に記載のパワーモジュールを有し、
前記第1端子と前記第2端子間に印加される電力を変換する電力変換装置。 - 請求項10に記載の電力変換装置の出力をモータに供給し、前記モータで車輪を駆動することを特徴とする鉄道車両。
- 請求項1に記載の半導体装置において、
前記ターミネーション領域は前記素子領域を囲む周縁領域を含み、
前記第1および第2領域は前記周縁領域に存在することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 第1導電型のエピタキシャル層を表面側に有し、炭化ケイ素を含む基板を準備し、
素子領域を囲むターミネーション領域の前記エピタキシャル層の上面に前記第1導電型とは異なる第2導電型のコンタクト領域を形成し、
前記コンタクト領域に接するシリサイド層を形成し、
前記コンタクト領域または前記シリサイド層は互いに分断された複数の領域を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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| PCT/JP2014/066020 WO2015193965A1 (ja) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-06-17 | 半導体装置、パワーモジュール、電力変換装置、鉄道車両、および半導体装置の製造方法 |
| DE112014006752.0T DE112014006752B4 (de) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-06-17 | Halbleitervorrichtung, Leistungsmodul, Leistungsumsetzungsvorrichtung, Eisenbahnfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Herstellen der Halbleitervorrichtung |
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| JP2011061064A (ja) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電力用半導体装置 |
| WO2011045834A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力用半導体装置 |
| WO2013122190A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2014038966A (ja) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-27 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
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| WO2010098294A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-09-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置 |
| JP2011061064A (ja) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電力用半導体装置 |
| WO2011045834A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力用半導体装置 |
| WO2013122190A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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