WO2009128410A1 - リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009128410A1 WO2009128410A1 PCT/JP2009/057399 JP2009057399W WO2009128410A1 WO 2009128410 A1 WO2009128410 A1 WO 2009128410A1 JP 2009057399 W JP2009057399 W JP 2009057399W WO 2009128410 A1 WO2009128410 A1 WO 2009128410A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery (typically a lithium ion battery), and more particularly to a lithium secondary battery provided with a current interruption mechanism that operates by increasing internal pressure.
- a lithium secondary battery typically a lithium ion battery
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-107359 filed on Apr. 17, 2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. .
- lithium ion batteries and other sealed batteries have become increasingly important as power sources for vehicles or power supplies for personal computers and portable terminals.
- a lithium ion battery that is lightweight and obtains a high energy density is expected to be preferably used as a high-output power source mounted on a vehicle.
- a lithium ion battery generates heat when it is overcharged due to misoperation or unauthorized use, and may even overheat.
- the internal pressure of the battery is increased by utilizing the generation of carbon dioxide gas by the electrochemical decomposition reaction of lithium carbonate contained in the positive electrode constituent material, and the internal pressure is increased. It has been proposed to operate a current interrupt mechanism.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are cited as prior art documents relating to this type of technology.
- lithium carbonate is arranged on the surface or inside of the positive electrode active material (typically lithium transition metal oxide) particles.
- the positive electrode active material typically lithium transition metal oxide
- the internal resistance (reaction resistance) of the battery tends to increase.
- a positive electrode active produced intentionally so as to contain a large amount of lithium carbonate by using an excessive amount of lithium carbonate when calcining (synthesizing) a lithium transition metal oxide or by conducting the calcining in the presence of carbon dioxide gas.
- the internal resistance is likely to increase as described above. Such an increase in internal resistance leads to a decrease in battery output. Therefore, it is particularly important to suppress the internal resistance in a battery that requires a high output, such as a vehicle-mounted battery.
- a lithium secondary battery provided with a current interruption mechanism that operates by increasing the internal pressure.
- the positive electrode constituting the battery has a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material mainly composed of a lithium transition metal oxide, a conductive material, and lithium carbonate.
- the lithium carbonate is arranged on the surface of the conductive material.
- this invention provides the positive electrode suitable as a component (component) of a lithium secondary battery provided with the said electric current interruption mechanism as another side surface.
- lithium secondary battery refers to a secondary battery that uses lithium ions as electrolyte ions and is charged / discharged by the movement of charges accompanying the lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
- a secondary battery generally referred to as a lithium ion battery is a typical example included in the lithium secondary battery in this specification.
- the conductive material those having a specific surface area of about 100 m 2 / g or more (for example, about 100 to 500 m 2 / g) can be preferably used.
- a conductive material for example, a conductive carbon material such as carbon black
- lithium carbonate as an internal pressure increasing agent is thinly and widely disposed on the surface of the conductive material as compared with a case where a conductive material having a smaller specific surface area is used. be able to. Thereby, the reaction area of lithium carbonate can be increased, and the generation efficiency of carbon dioxide gas during overcharge can be improved. As a result, even when the battery is overcharged with a larger charging current (rapid charging), the current interruption mechanism can be operated more appropriately (at an earlier stage).
- the lithium carbonate content in the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably about 1 to 10% by mass (preferably about 2 to 6% by mass), for example.
- the said electric current interruption mechanism can be more appropriately operated, suppressing the influence on battery performance better.
- a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery having a current interrupting mechanism that operates by increasing internal pressure.
- the method includes a step of preparing (manufacturing, purchasing, etc.) a composite conductive material in which lithium carbonate is held (for example, coated) on the surface of the conductive material.
- the process of preparing the positive mix composition containing the positive electrode active material which has a lithium transition metal oxide as a main component, and the said composite electrically conductive material is included.
- the process of producing the positive electrode provided with the positive mix layer (For example, the positive mix layer formed by providing the said composition to a collector) using the said composition is included.
- a step of constructing a battery using the positive electrode is included.
- a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer including the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and lithium carbonate disposed on a surface of the conductive material can be manufactured. Therefore, the above manufacturing method can be suitably employed as a method for manufacturing any of the lithium secondary batteries disclosed herein. Moreover, this invention provides the manufacturing method of a positive electrode suitable as a component (component) of any of the lithium secondary batteries disclosed here as another aspect.
- the positive electrode mixture composition is a composition in which the positive electrode active material and the composite conductive material are dispersed in a liquid medium containing a solvent (a solvent that does not substantially dissolve lithium carbonate) and a binder. Is used.
- a solvent a solvent that does not substantially dissolve lithium carbonate
- a binder a solvent that does not substantially dissolve lithium carbonate
- the preparation of the positive electrode mixture composition typically includes a dispersion step of dispersing the positive electrode active material and the composite conductive material in a liquid medium containing a solvent and a binder.
- the dispersion step includes a first mixing step of mixing the positive electrode active material, the solvent, and the binder, and a second mixing step of further mixing the composite conductive material after the first mixing step. It can be preferably performed. According to this aspect, since the lithium carbonate held on the surface of the composite conductive material can be prevented from being peeled off and attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material, a lithium secondary battery with better battery performance can be manufactured.
- a non-aqueous solvent for example, N-vinylpyrrolidone
- the conductive material those having a specific surface area of about 100 m 2 / g or more (for example, about 100 to 500 m 2 / g) can be preferably used.
- the step of preparing the composite conductive material includes supplying a lithium carbonate solution (typically an aqueous solution) to the conductive material, and drying the lithium carbonate solution.
- a step of coating the surface of the conductive material with lithium carbonate For example, an embodiment in which a mixture (typically a dispersion) obtained by mixing the conductive material and the lithium carbonate solution is preferably employed.
- the amount of lithium carbonate to be coated is preferably about 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive material.
- the composite conductive material for example, about 0.5 mg to 5 mg (more preferably about 1 mg to 4 mg) of lithium carbonate held (for example, coated) per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the conductive material can be preferably used.
- the current interruption mechanism is more appropriately (at an earlier stage) even when overcharged with a larger charging current.
- a lithium secondary battery that can be operated and a positive electrode for the battery can be manufactured.
- a vehicle including any of the lithium secondary batteries disclosed herein (which may be lithium secondary batteries manufactured by any of the methods disclosed herein). Since the lithium secondary battery has reduced internal resistance (reaction resistance), it can realize high performance (for example, high output) suitable as a battery mounted on a vehicle. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile.
- a motor electric motor
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an electrode body constituting a battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a vehicle (automobile) including the lithium secondary battery according to the embodiment.
- the technology disclosed herein is constructed using a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material mainly composed of a lithium transition metal oxide, and various forms of lithium secondary batteries having a current interrupting mechanism that operates by increasing internal pressure. It can be applied to secondary batteries.
- a positive electrode constituting such a battery a positive electrode composite containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and lithium carbonate (typically, the main component, ie, 50% by mass or more is a lithium transition metal oxide).
- a positive electrode having a configuration in which the agent layer is held by the current collector can be used.
- a conductive metal material such as aluminum can be preferably employed as in the case of a conventional general lithium secondary battery.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited because it may vary depending on the shape of the battery constructed using the positive electrode, and is in various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape. possible.
- the technique disclosed here can be preferably applied to, for example, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery (sheet-like positive electrode) in which a positive electrode mixture layer is held on a sheet-like or foil-like current collector.
- a lithium secondary battery constructed using such a positive electrode an electrode body (rolled electrode body) formed by winding a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode together with a sheet-like separator typically,
- a battery having a configuration in which an appropriate electrolyte (typically a liquid electrolyte, that is, an electrolytic solution) is housed in an outer case is given.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a flat shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like.
- the current interruption mechanism provided in such a lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited as long as it can cut off the current in response to the increase in internal pressure (that is, using the increase in internal pressure as a trigger for operation).
- a mechanism similar to any conventionally known current interrupting mechanism provided in the battery can be appropriately employed.
- the present invention will be described in more detail by taking as an example a case where the present invention is mainly applied to a lithium ion battery provided with a wound electrode body, but the application target of the present invention is not intended to be limited to such a battery.
- lithium nickel oxide refers to an oxide having Li and Ni as constituent metal elements, and one or more metal elements other than Li and Ni (that is, other than Li and Ni).
- the metal element is selected from the group consisting of, for example, Co, Al, Mn, Cr, Fe, V, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, La, and Ce. Or one or more elements.
- the term “lithium cobalt oxide” is meant to include a composite oxide containing one or more metal elements other than Li and Co in a proportion smaller than Co.
- Oxide is meant to include complex oxides containing, in addition to Li and Mn, one or more other metal elements in a smaller proportion than Mn. Of these, lithium nickel oxide and lithium cobalt oxide are preferable.
- the above lithium transition Lithium nickel oxide can be preferably employed as the metal oxide.
- a lithium transition metal oxide (typically in particulate form), for example, a lithium transition metal oxide powder prepared and provided by a conventionally known method can be used as it is.
- a lithium transition metal oxide powder substantially composed of secondary particles having an average particle size in the range of about 1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m (typically about 2 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m) is used as the positive electrode in the technology disclosed herein. It can preferably be employed as an active material.
- the conductive material used for the positive electrode the same materials as those used for the positive electrode of a general lithium ion battery can be appropriately employed.
- the conductive material include carbon materials such as carbon powder and carbon fiber, and conductive metal powder such as nickel powder.
- One kind selected from such conductive materials may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the carbon powder various carbon blacks (for example, acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black), graphite powder, and the like can be used. Of these, acetylene black and / or furnace black can be preferably employed.
- the average particle size of the constituent particles is in the range of about 10 nm to 200 nm (for example, about 20 nm to 100 nm).
- the specific surface area of the conductive material can be, for example, about 25 to 1000 m 2 / g (preferably 50 to 500 m 2 / g).
- lithium carbonate as an internal pressure raising agent is disposed on the surface of the conductive material. Therefore, by using a conductive material having a large surface area per unit mass (that is, a specific surface area), the surface area of lithium carbonate disposed on the conductive material can be increased (in other words, the same amount of lithium carbonate can be made wider). The reaction efficiency of the lithium carbonate during overcharge can be increased. From such a viewpoint, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a specific surface area of about 100 m 2 / g or more (for example, about 100 to 500 m 2 / g). Carbon powders such as acetylene black and furnace black (typically oil furnace black) having the above specific surface area can be preferably used.
- the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and the positive electrode mixture layer including lithium carbonate disposed on the surface of the conductive material are, for example, composites in which lithium carbonate is held on the surface of any of the conductive materials disclosed herein. It may be formed using a conductive material.
- a method for retaining lithium carbonate on the surface of the conductive material ie, a method for producing a composite conductive material
- a solution in which lithium carbonate is dissolved in an appropriate solvent is prepared, and a conductive material powder is added and mixed in the lithium carbonate solution.
- a method of coating the surface of the conductive material with lithium carbonate by dispersing and drying (preferably drying with stirring) is exemplified.
- the surface of the conductive material with lithium carbonate by gradually supplying (for example, spraying) a lithium carbonate solution to the powder while stirring the conductive material powder and drying the powder.
- the solvent used for the preparation of the lithium carbonate solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve lithium carbonate, but it is usually preferable to use water (ion-exchanged water or the like).
- the amount of lithium carbonate retained per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the conductive material constituting such a composite conductive material can be, for example, about 0.2 mg to 20 mg. If the amount of lithium carbonate retained (coating amount) is too smaller than the above range, the amount of conductive material required to contain the desired amount of lithium carbonate in the positive electrode mixture layer increases, resulting in inclusion in the positive electrode mixture layer. The amount of the positive electrode active material to be produced is relatively small, and the capacity density of the battery tends to be lowered. When the amount of lithium carbonate retained is more than the above range, lithium carbonate is thickly disposed on the surface of the conductive material, so that the reaction efficiency of lithium carbonate during overcharge tends to decrease.
- lithium carbonate is likely to fall off from the surface of the conductive material (and the dropped lithium carbonate adheres to the surface of the positive electrode active material), or the original effect of the conductive material (effect of improving the conductivity of the positive electrode mixture layer) ) May not be fully exhibited.
- the positive electrode mixture layer in the technology disclosed herein can be preferably produced using a positive electrode mixture composition containing the positive electrode active material and the composite conductive material.
- a positive electrode mixture composition in which the positive electrode active material and the composite conductive material are dispersed in a liquid medium containing an appropriate solvent and a binder (binder) is prepared (prepared).
- a paste or a slurry-like composition may be applied (typically applied) to the surface of the current collector and dried.
- a solvent that does not substantially dissolve lithium carbonate typically a non-aqueous solvent
- a solvent that does not substantially dissolve lithium carbonate
- one kind or two or more kinds selected from various organic solvents conventionally used for preparing a positive electrode mixture composition (so-called solvent-type positive electrode mixture composition) of a lithium ion battery is suitable.
- an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene can be used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- methyl ethyl ketone methyl ethyl ketone
- toluene is a preferred example.
- binder one kind or two or more kinds selected from various polymers conventionally used for preparing solvent-type positive electrode mixture compositions can be suitably used.
- polymers include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer (PEO-PPO).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PPO polypropylene oxide
- PEO-PPO polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer
- PVDF and PVDC are preferable examples. It is preferable to select a polymer that is soluble in the solvent used.
- the ratio of the positive electrode active material to the solid content of the positive electrode mixture composition is about 50% by mass or more (typically Is preferably 50 to 95% by mass, more preferably about 70 to 95% by mass (for example, 75 to 90% by mass).
- the proportion of the conductive material in the solid content can be, for example, about 2 to 20% by mass, and preferably about 2 to 15% by mass.
- the proportion of the composite conductive material in the solid content (that is, the total amount of the conductive material and lithium carbonate held on the surface thereof) can be, for example, approximately 3 to 25% by mass, and approximately 3 to 20% by mass. It is preferable that In the composition using a binder, the proportion of the binder in the solid content can be, for example, about 1 to 10% by mass, and preferably about 2 to 5% by mass.
- a mode in which a composite conductive material is added to the mixture and stirred and mixed can be preferably employed. According to this aspect, it is possible to reduce the agitation load after introducing the composite conductive material (for example, shortening the agitation time, decreasing the agitation speed, etc.). As a result, the lithium carbonate that composes the composite conductive material falls off the surface of the conductive material due to the addition of the share due to stirring, or the dropped lithium carbonate adheres to the surface of the positive electrode active material, or the composite conductive material is mixed during stirring. The phenomenon that the lithium carbonate on the conductive material moves onto the positive electrode active material due to the collision between the material and the positive electrode active material can be suppressed.
- lithium carbonate is intentionally arranged on the surface of the conductive material constituting the positive electrode (in other words, lithium carbonate contained in the positive electrode is arranged biased on the surface of the conductive material.
- the embodiment in which lithium carbonate is present at a place other than the surface of the conductive material is not excluded unless the effect of the present invention is remarkably hindered.
- the carbon dioxide contained in the positive electrode such as lithium carbonate remaining as an unreacted material when the positive electrode active material is manufactured (synthesized), lithium carbonate dropped from the composite conductive material during the preparation of the positive electrode mixture layer, etc.
- a part of lithium (for example, about 50% by mass or less, preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less) of the lithium carbonate is unintentionally other than the surface of the conductive material (the surface of the positive electrode active material)
- an aspect existing in the interior or the like may also be included in the concept of the positive electrode mixture layer disclosed herein.
- the positive electrode mixture composition may contain a conductive material in which lithium carbonate is not held on the surface in addition to the composite conductive material.
- a conductive material in which lithium carbonate is not held on the surface in addition to the composite conductive material.
- the same material may be used for the conductive material blended alone (hereinafter also referred to as “single conductive material”) and the conductive material constituting the composite conductive material (for example, material and / or Alternatively, materials having different particle diameters may be used.
- single conductive material and a composite conductive material in combination, the positive electrode active material and the single conductive material are mixed with the binder and the solvent (mixed until uniformly dispersed). It is preferable that the composite conductive material is put into this mixture and stirred and mixed. In addition, you may mix
- the operation of applying such a positive electrode mixture composition to a current collector is preferably performed using a conventionally known appropriate coating apparatus (slit coater, die coater, comma coater, gravure coater, etc.). Can be done. By drying the coated material (at this time, an appropriate drying accelerating means (heater or the like may be used if necessary)), a positive electrode mixture layer is formed.
- the coating amount of the positive electrode mixture composition is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately changed depending on the shape and application of the positive electrode and the battery.
- An appropriate amount of the positive electrode mixture composition is applied to a predetermined range of the surface (typically both surfaces) of the sheet-like positive electrode current collector, dried, and then pressed in the thickness direction as desired to obtain the desired thickness.
- a positive electrode sheet can be obtained.
- a conventionally known roll pressing method, flat plate pressing method, or the like can be appropriately employed.
- a powdered positive electrode mixture composition containing the positive electrode active material, the composite conductive material, and a binder such as a thermoplastic resin is typically press-molded.
- a binder such as a thermoplastic resin
- the lithium ion battery 10 has a configuration in which a wound electrode body 30 is accommodated in a roughly cylindrical case 20.
- a relatively lightweight metal material such as aluminum can be preferably used.
- FIG. 1 shows a state where the front half of the cylindrical case 20 is removed.
- the wound electrode body 30 has a positive electrode mixture layer 32B as described above on one or both surfaces (typically both surfaces) of a positive electrode current collector 32A (for example, aluminum foil) on a long sheet.
- a negative electrode sheet 34 in which a negative electrode mixture layer 34B is formed on one or both surfaces (typically both surfaces) of a negative electrode current collector 34A (for example, copper foil) on a long sheet.
- the two long separator sheets 36 are overlapped with each other and wound in the long direction.
- the negative electrode active material used for forming the negative electrode mixture layer 34B one or two or more materials conventionally used in lithium ion batteries can be used without any particular limitation.
- Preferable examples include carbon-based materials such as graphite carbon and amorphous carbon, lithium transition metal oxides, lithium transition metal nitrides, and the like.
- the use of a carbon material (for example, natural graphite) containing a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially is preferable.
- a binder (same as the mixture layer on the positive electrode side can be used) and a conductive material used as necessary (same as the mixture layer on the positive electrode side)
- the negative electrode mixture composition prepared by mixing with the negative electrode current collector 34A is coated and dried to form the negative electrode mixture layer 34B at a desired portion of the current collector 34A.
- the amount of the binder used relative to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material can be, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass.
- separator sheet 36 for example, a porous film made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be suitably used.
- the above composition is not applied to one end portion along the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode sheet 32 and the negative electrode sheet 34, and thus a portion where the mixture layers 32 ⁇ / b> B and 34 ⁇ / b> B are not formed is provided.
- both the mixture layers 32B and 34B are overlapped, and the mixture layer non-formation part of the positive electrode sheet and the mixture layer non-formation part of the negative electrode sheet
- the positive and negative electrode sheets 32 and 34 are slightly shifted and overlapped so that they are separately arranged at one end and the other end along the longitudinal direction. In this state, the wound electrode body 30 is obtained by winding a total of four sheets 32, 36, 34, and 36.
- the wound electrode body 30 having such a configuration is accommodated in the case 20 together with the electrolyte solution (not shown), and the positive electrode terminal 14 and the negative electrode terminal 16 are partially protruded from the case 20 in the portions where the positive electrode and negative electrode mixture layers are not formed. Are electrically connected to each of the two.
- a current interrupting mechanism 40 that operates due to an increase in internal pressure of the case 20 is provided at the end portion (positive electrode side end portion) of the case 20 on the side where the mixture layer non-forming portion of the positive electrode sheet 32 is located. It has been.
- the current interrupting mechanism 40 is mainly configured by a diaphragm (partition wall) 42 that partitions a partial space of the case 20 at the positive electrode side end.
- the diaphragm 42 is made of, for example, a conductive metal thin film (for example, aluminum foil), and a pressure receiving portion 42A that is curved toward the electrode body 30 is formed at the center thereof.
- a lead member 38 connected to the mixture layer non-forming part of the positive electrode sheet 32 is joined to the electrode body side surface of the pressure receiving part 42A by, for example, welding.
- the diaphragm 42 and the positive electrode terminal 14 are connected by a connecting member 39, thereby forming a current path from the positive electrode sheet 32 to the positive electrode terminal 14.
- Diaphragm 42 and electrode terminals 14 and 16 and case 20 are insulated via an insulating member (not shown).
- Such a nonaqueous electrolytic solution typically has a composition in which a supporting salt is contained in a suitable nonaqueous solvent.
- a suitable nonaqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, and the like.
- One kind or two or more kinds selected from the group can be used.
- Examples of the supporting salt include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 and the like. Lithium salts can be used.
- the lithium carbonate (typically mainly disposed on the surface of the conductive material) contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 32B is electrochemically associated with an increase in the positive electrode potential.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the pressure on the electrode body side (electrode body housing space) of the diaphragm 42 in the case 20 increases.
- the shape of the pressure receiving portion 42A is reversed (changes to a curved shape that bulges outward), whereby the lead member 38 and the diaphragm 42 The joint breaks.
- the current path from the positive electrode sheet 32 to the positive electrode terminal 14 is cut (that is, the current is interrupted), and further overcharge is prevented.
- a lithium secondary battery (typically a lithium ion battery) according to the present invention has a configuration constructed using a positive electrode formed using lithium carbonate as an internal pressure increasing agent, as described above. Since the increase in internal resistance due to the use of lithium carbonate is suppressed, it can exhibit excellent battery performance (output performance, etc.). Accordingly, the battery can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile.
- Such lithium ion batteries may be used in the form of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of them in series and / or in parallel. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG.
- the present invention provides a vehicle (typically an automobile, particularly a hybrid automobile, an electric automobile, a fuel) provided with such a lithium ion battery (which may be in the form of an assembled battery) 10 as a power source.
- a vehicle typically an automobile, particularly a hybrid automobile, an electric automobile, a fuel
- a lithium ion battery which may be in the form of an assembled battery 10
- An automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a battery car) 1 is provided.
- Carbon black (CB) and lithium carbonate are contained at a mass ratio of 10: 4 by introducing carbon black (specific surface area 39 m 2 / g, average particle size 48 nm) as a conductive material into an aqueous lithium carbonate solution and mixing. A dispersion was prepared. The dispersion is dried, lithium carbonate to obtain a composite conductive material powder coated (coating amount 10.3 mg / m 2 of lithium carbonate) in CB.
- a positive electrode mixture composition was prepared using the composite conductive agent powder. That is, a lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ) powder as a positive electrode active material, the composite conductive material powder, and PVDF have a mass ratio of these materials of 87: 14: 3 and a solid content concentration (NV) of about 40. It mixed with NMP (organic solvent) so that it might become mass%. More specifically, first, the positive electrode active material powder and the composite conductive material powder were mixed, and this mixed powder was stirred and mixed with an NMP solution of PVDF for 2 hours to obtain a positive electrode mixture composition.
- NMP organic solvent
- the obtained positive electrode mixture composition was applied to both sides of a 15 ⁇ m thick long aluminum foil (current collector) and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer.
- the coating amount (based on solid content) of the composition was adjusted to be about 12.8 g / m 2 for both surfaces.
- the sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to this example was produced.
- the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet produced above were laminated together with two long separators (here, a porous polyethylene sheet was used), and the laminated sheet was wound in the longitudinal direction to form a wound electrode body.
- This electrode body is housed in an outer case together with a non-aqueous electrolyte (electrolytic solution having a composition of LiPF 6 dissolved in a 1: 7 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of EC and DEC at a concentration of 1 mol / L).
- a 18650 type lithium ion battery equipped with a current interruption mechanism similar to that shown in FIG. 1 was constructed.
- the current interruption mechanism is configured to operate (that is, to interrupt the current) when the internal pressure of the electrode body accommodation space becomes 0.5 MPa or more.
- Example 2 the same positive electrode mixture composition constituent material as in Example 1 was used at the same mass ratio as in Example 1, but a positive electrode mixture composition was prepared by a procedure different from that in Example 1. That is, the positive electrode active material powder is mixed with the NDF solution of PVDF for 1 hour (first mixing step), and then the same composite conductive material powder as in Example 1 is added thereto and mixed for 1 hour (second mixing step). Thus, a positive electrode mixture composition was obtained.
- a positive electrode sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode mixture composition thus prepared was used, and an 18650 type lithium ion battery was constructed using the positive electrode sheet.
- Example 3 In this example, instead of using the composite conductive material powder in which the conductive material was coated with lithium carbonate, the conductive material and lithium carbonate were separately added to prepare a positive electrode mixture composition. That is, the positive electrode active material powder, the same conductive material (CB) powder as used in Example 1, lithium carbonate powder, and PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 87: 10: 4: 3 and solid content. It mixed with NMP (organic solvent) so that a density
- NMP organic solvent
- a positive electrode sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode mixture composition thus prepared was used, and an 18650 type lithium ion battery was constructed using the positive electrode sheet.
- a positive electrode mixture composition was prepared using a composite active material powder coated with lithium carbonate on the positive electrode active material powder.
- the composite active material powder is prepared by adding a positive electrode active material powder to an aqueous lithium carbonate solution and mixing it to prepare a dispersion containing the positive electrode active material and lithium carbonate in a mass ratio of 87: 4.
- the composite active material powder, the same conductive material powder as used in Example 1, and PVDF have a mass ratio of these materials of 91: 10: 3 and a solid content concentration (NV) of about 40% by mass.
- NMP organic solvent
- a positive electrode sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode mixture composition thus prepared was used, and an 18650 type lithium ion battery was constructed using the positive electrode sheet.
- Conditioning treatment suitable for the lithium ion batteries constructed in Examples 1 to 4 for example, constant current charging for 3 hours at a charging rate of 1/10 C, then constant current constant voltage up to 4.1 V at a charging rate of 1/3 C
- the internal resistance (IV resistance value) of each battery was It was measured. That is, each battery was discharged at a constant current to 3.0 V under a temperature condition of 25 ° C., and then charged at a constant current and a constant voltage to adjust to SOC (state of charge) 60%. Thereafter, discharging and charging were alternately carried out at 25 ° C.
- each battery was discharged at a constant current to 3.0 V under a temperature condition of 25 ° C., and then charged at a constant current and a constant voltage to adjust to SOC (state of charge) 100%.
- Such a fully charged battery was further charged with a constant current (overcharge current) of 0.8 A, and charging was continued until the current interrupt mechanism was activated.
- the state of the battery during overcharging and the appearance of the battery after the current interruption mechanism is activated that is, after the end of the test
- the current interruption mechanism can be operated without causing heat generation accompanied by a rapid temperature rise or deformation of the case.
- the above overcharge test was performed on 10 batteries each, and the number ratio of the batteries that achieved the rapid operation among them was shown in Table 1 as the quick shut-off property.
- Example 2 According to the preparation method of Example 2, this is considered to be an effect resulting from being able to better prevent adhesion of lithium carbonate to materials other than the conductive material.
- the batteries according to Examples 1 and 2 both show good quick shut-off properties similarly to the batteries according to Examples 3 and 4 (therefore, they act accurately as an internal pressure increasing agent).
- Example 5 In this embodiment, in place of the conductive material used in Example 1 were used a specific surface area 90m 2 / g of CB (average particle size 25 nm). Using this CB, a composite conductive material powder (lithium carbonate coating amount 4.4 mg / m 2 ) containing CB and lithium carbonate at a mass ratio of 10: 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the conductive material powder was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion battery was constructed.
- Example 6 In this example, CB (average particle diameter of 21 nm) having a specific surface area of 133 m 2 / g was used in place of the conductive material used in Example 1. Using this CB, a composite conductive material powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 (lithium carbonate coating amount 3.0 mg / m 2 ), and a lithium ion battery was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this conductive material powder.
- Example 7 In this example, CB (average particle size 25 nm) having a specific surface area of 225 m 2 / g was used instead of the conductive material used in Example 1. A composite conductive material powder was prepared using this CB in the same manner as in Example 1 (lithium carbonate coating amount 1.8 mg / m 2 ), and a lithium ion battery was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this conductive material powder.
- the internal resistance was measured and the overcharge test was performed in the same manner as described above. Further, the batteries according to Example 1 and Examples 5 to 7 were subjected to a rapid overcharge test in the same manner as the above overcharge test except that the overcharge current was changed from 0.8 A to 5 A, and the quick shut-off property was similarly obtained. evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
- the batteries according to Example 1 and Examples 5 to 7 all showed good current interruption properties under the condition of an overcharge current of 0.8 A.
- the conductivity of the specific surface area less than 100 m 2 / g.
- the current interrupting mechanism can be operated more quickly. did it.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は2008年4月17日に出願された日本国特許出願2008-107359号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
導電材としてのカーボンブラック(比表面積39m2/g、平均粒径48nm)を炭酸リチウム水溶液に投入して混合することにより、カーボンブラック(CB)と炭酸リチウムとを10:4の質量比で含有する分散液を調製した。この分散液を乾燥させて、CBに炭酸リチウムがコートされた複合導電材粉末(炭酸リチウムのコート量 10.3mg/m2)を得た。
本例では、例1と同じ正極合剤組成物構成材料を例1と同じ質量比で使用し、ただし例1とは異なる手順で正極合剤組成物を調製した。すなわち、正極活物質粉末をPVDFのNMP溶液と1時間混合し(第一混合工程)、その後、ここに例1と同じ複合導電材粉末を添加して1時間混合する(第二混合工程)ことにより正極合剤組成物を得た。
本例では、導電材に炭酸リチウムをコートした複合導電材粉末を用いる代わりに、導電材と炭酸リチウムとを別々に添加して正極合剤組成物を調製した。すなわち、正極活物質粉末と、例1で用いたものと同じ導電材(CB)粉末と、炭酸リチウム粉末と、PVDFとを、これら材料の質量比が87:10:4:3となり且つ固形分濃度(NV)が約40質量%となるようにNMP(有機溶剤)と混合した。より具体的には、まず正極活物質粉末と導電材粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末を混合した後、この混合粉末をPVDFのNMP溶液と2時間混合して正極合剤組成物を得た。
本例では、導電材に炭酸リチウムをコートした複合導電材粉末を用いる代わりに、正極活物質粉末に炭酸リチウムをコートした複合活物質粉末を用いて正極合剤組成物を調製した。上記複合活物質粉末は、炭酸リチウム水溶液に正極活物質粉末を投入して混合することにより、正極活物質と炭酸リチウムとを87:4の質量比で含有する分散液を調製し、この分散液を乾燥させることにより作製した。この複合活物質粉末と、例1で用いたものと同じ導電材粉末と、PVDFとを、これら材料の質量比が91:10:3となり且つ固形分濃度(NV)が約40質量%となるようにNMP(有機溶剤)と混合して正極合剤組成物を得た。より具体的には、まず複合活物質粉末と導電材粉末とを混合した後、この混合粉末をPVDFのNMP溶液と2時間混合した。
本例では、例1で用いた導電材に代えて、比表面積90m2/gのCB(平均粒径25nm)を使用した。このCBを用いて例1と同様にCBと炭酸リチウムとを10:4の質量比で含む複合導電材粉末(炭酸リチウムのコート量 4.4mg/m2)を作製し、該導電材粉末を用いて例1と同様にリチウムイオン電池を構築した。
本例では、例1で用いた導電材に代えて、比表面積133m2/gのCB(平均粒径21nm)を使用した。このCBを用いて例1と同様に複合導電材粉末を作製し(炭酸リチウムのコート量 3.0mg/m2)、該導電材粉末を用いて例1と同様にリチウムイオン電池を構築した。
本例では、例1で用いた導電材に代えて、比表面積225m2/gのCB(平均粒径25nm)を使用した。このCBを用いて例1と同様に複合導電材粉末を作製し(炭酸リチウムのコート量 1.8mg/m2)、該導電材粉末を用いて例1と同様にリチウムイオン電池を構築した。
Claims (9)
- 内圧上昇により作動する電流遮断機構を備えたリチウム二次電池であって、
前記電池を構成する正極は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物を主体とする正極活物質と導電材と炭酸リチウムとを含む正極合剤層を有し、
前記導電材の表面に前記炭酸リチウムが配置されている、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記導電材の比表面積が100m2/g以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極合剤層における炭酸リチウムの含有割合が1~10質量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 内圧上昇により作動する電流遮断機構を備えたリチウム二次電池を製造する方法であって:
導電材の表面に炭酸リチウムが保持された複合導電材を用意する工程;
リチウム遷移金属酸化物を主体とする正極活物質と前記複合導電材とを含む正極合剤組成物を調製する工程;
前記組成物を用いてなる正極合剤層を備えた正極を作製する工程;および、
前記正極を用いて電池を構築する工程;
を包含する、リチウム二次電池製造方法。 - 前記正極合剤組成物調製工程は、溶媒およびバインダを含む液状媒質に前記正極活物質および前記複合導電材を分散させる分散工程を含み、
該分散工程は:
前記正極活物質と前記溶媒と前記バインダとを混合する第一混合工程;および、
前記第一混合工程の後、さらに前記複合導電材を混合する第二混合工程;
を包含する、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池製造方法。 - 前記溶媒は非水系溶媒である、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池製造方法。
- 前記複合導電材を用意する工程は、前記導電材に炭酸リチウム溶液を供給し、該炭酸リチウム溶液を乾燥させることにより前記導電材の表面に炭酸リチウムをコートする工程を包含する、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池製造方法。
- 前記複合導電材として、前記導電材の表面積1m2当たり0.5mg~5mgの炭酸リチウムが保持された複合導電材を使用する、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池を備える車両。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4636341B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
| CN104377343A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
| US20110039160A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| CN102007623A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
| KR101217993B1 (ko) | 2013-01-02 |
| CN102007623B (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
| KR20110002479A (ko) | 2011-01-07 |
| JP2009259604A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
| US9531033B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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