WO2013161083A1 - 非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161083A1 WO2013161083A1 PCT/JP2012/061456 JP2012061456W WO2013161083A1 WO 2013161083 A1 WO2013161083 A1 WO 2013161083A1 JP 2012061456 W JP2012061456 W JP 2012061456W WO 2013161083 A1 WO2013161083 A1 WO 2013161083A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Specifically, the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery and other non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that can be applied to a vehicle-mounted power source.
- Patent Document 1 is cited as a document disclosing the use of a positive electrode mixture layer exhibiting a predetermined pore distribution curve in the positive electrode of such a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- an overcharge additive such as cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) or biphenyl (BP) having a lower oxidation potential than the nonaqueous solvent of the electrolyte is included in the electrolyte.
- CHB cyclohexylbenzene
- BP biphenyl
- overcharge additives such as CHB and BP are not only used as gas generating agents in the CID-equipped secondary battery as described above, but can also be used for other purposes.
- the overcharge additive reacts in an overcharged state to generate gas and simultaneously polymerizes itself.
- the polymer produced thereby functions as a resistor in the battery.
- the polymer formed from the overcharge additive is deposited on the surface of the positive electrode to form a film, thereby preventing further overcharge and enhancing the safety in an overcharged state. Yes.
- the present invention can improve the action obtained by the reaction of the overcharge additive (for example, increase in the amount of gas generated in the overcharge state or increase in the amount of polymer produced from the overcharge additive).
- the main purpose is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having such performance.
- the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge additive is supplied.
- the positive electrode mixture layer constituting the positive electrode of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a differential pore volume peak A in the pore distribution range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m in the pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter.
- a peak B located on the smaller pore diameter side than the peak A, and the pore distribution curve has a minimum point C where the differential pore volume becomes a minimum value between the peak A and the peak B, and a differential pore volume X L of the larger differential pore volume of the differential pore volume X B of the differential pore volume X a and the peak B of the peak a, the differential pore volume X C of the minimum point C
- the ratio (X C / X L ) is 0.6 or more.
- the overcharge additive present in the secondary battery emits electrons on the positive electrode side to become radical cations, and this radical cation reacts near the positive electrode surface to generate gas. Since the above reaction is typically also a polymerization reaction, the reaction produces a polymer derived from the overcharge additive on the positive electrode surface.
- the positive electrode mixture layer has a pore diameter suitable for the reaction of the overcharge additive by having at least two peaks in the pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m. It tends to be easy to obtain a pore distribution containing a large number of pores having.
- pores having a pore diameter suitable for the reaction of the overcharge additive from the functional surface, the pores having a pore diameter P R having a large contribution for the reaction of the overcharge additive, such pore diameter P It can be classified into two types of pores having a pore diameter P P suitable for providing a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an overcharge additive pores with R. Pores having a pore size P R is greater reaction area of the overcharge additive is relatively, a space that does not contribute to the reaction is a relatively small pores.
- Pores having a pore size P P is the space not contributing to the reaction is a pore having a space suitable to supply but non-aqueous electrolyte, a large contribution to the supply of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Additional space, albeit at the space required to supply the non-aqueous electrolyte in pores having a pore size P R, supplied loss to be present in more than necessary, there is a concern that lead to reactions loss. Also, the pore diameter P R a small pore diameter than the pore size P P, may correspond to the pore size P B of a peak B in the pore distribution curve.
- the pore size P B of the peak B is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the proportion of pores having a relatively small pore size becomes too high, so that the region in which the nonaqueous electrolyte hardly penetrates into the positive electrode mixture layer becomes large. There exists a tendency for the reaction rate of the overcharge additive at the time of charge to fall.
- the pore diameter P P is the large pore diameter than the pore size P R, may correspond to the pore size P A peak A.
- the pore distribution curve has a minimum point C of the differential pore volume becomes a minimum value between the peak A and peak B, differential pore of differential pore volume X A and the peak B of the peak A and larger differential pore volume X L of the differential pore volume of the volume X B, the ratio of the differential pore volume X C minimum point C (X C / X L) becomes 0.6 or more .
- the ratio of the differential pore volume X S having the smaller differential pore volume of the differential pore volume X A of the peak A and the differential pore volume X B of the peak B to the differential pore volume X L exceeds 0.6.
- the pore distribution curve has the peak A in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, and the pore size is 0.05 ⁇ m to The peak B is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) between the differential pore capacity X A of the peak A and the differential pore capacity X B of the peak B is 0.8 or more and 1.25 or less.
- This has the pores having a pore diameter P R having a large contribution for the reaction of the overcharge additive, the pore diameter P P suitable for providing a non-aqueous electrolyte in pores having such a pore diameter P R A configuration including the pores in a well-balanced manner can be suitably realized.
- the positive-electrode mixture layer is, the cumulative pore volume of the pore diameter P C is greater than the pore size of the minimum point C and Y L, the fine when the cumulative pore volume of the pore size P C is less than the pore diameter is Y S, satisfy Y L ⁇ Y S.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the positive electrode mixture layer has a Gurley permeability.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) between the temper ⁇ and the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the separator satisfies 0.5 ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ 1.
- a current interruption mechanism that divides the conductive path when the internal pressure of the battery case reaches a predetermined pressure.
- the overcharge additive acts as a gas generating agent that generates gas when an overcharge state is established.
- said conductive path means the conductive path which conduct
- a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes preparing a positive electrode and a negative electrode, constructing an electrode body using the prepared positive electrode and the negative electrode, and supplying a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge additive to the electrode body.
- the positive electrode mixture layer constituting the positive electrode has the following characteristics: (a) In the pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter, the pore diameter is in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m. (B) the pore distribution curve has a minimum point at which the differential pore volume becomes a minimum value between the peak A and the peak B.
- the ratio (X C / X L) is 0.6 or more; and wherein the selected and used to satisfy the.
- it is high differential pore volume achieved in broad pore distribution comprising a peak A and peak B, that the pores having a pore and pore diameter P P having a pore size P R exists sufficient amount It becomes.
- the positive electrode mixture layer has the following characteristics: (d) In the pore distribution curve, the pore diameter is 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m. And having the peak A in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m and having the peak B in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m. Further, the positive electrode composite layer has the following characteristics: (e) The ratio (X B / X A ) between the differential pore capacity X A of the peak A and the differential pore capacity X B of the peak B is 0 It is preferable to select and use one that satisfies the above condition.
- examples of the positive-electrode mixture layer the following properties: (f) a cumulative pore volume of the pore diameter P C is greater than the pore size of the minimum point C and Y L, integration of the pore diameter P C smaller pore size It is preferable to select and use one satisfying Y L ⁇ Y S when the pore volume is Y S.
- the method includes constructing a current interrupting mechanism that disconnects the conductive path when the internal pressure of the battery case reaches a predetermined pressure.
- a vehicle including any of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries disclosed herein.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of a positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 5.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 6.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 7. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically an example of the coating method of the composition for positive electrode compound material layer formation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing typically an example of the coating method of the composition for positive electrode compound material layer formation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the pore distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer of the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1, 8 and 9.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the positive electrode mixture layers and the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the separators ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) and the amount of gas generated in Examples 10 to 12. It is a side view which shows typically the vehicle (automobile) provided with the lithium ion secondary battery which concerns on one Embodiment.
- a lithium ion secondary battery As a preferred embodiment of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein, a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example. However, the application target of the present invention is not intended to be limited to such a battery. Absent.
- the present invention can be applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a metal ion other than lithium ion (for example, sodium ion) as a charge carrier.
- “secondary battery” generally refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
- a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (ie, a physical battery) Battery).
- the “lithium ion secondary battery” refers to a secondary battery that uses lithium ions as electrolyte ions and is charged and discharged by the movement of charges accompanying the lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 has a configuration in which a wound electrode body 80 is housed in a flat rectangular battery case 50 together with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution 25.
- the wound electrode body 80 is sealed by closing the opening of the case body 52 with the lid body 54.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 is constructed as a so-called sealed battery having a structure in which the inside of the battery case 50 is sealed.
- the battery case 50 includes a flat box-shaped case main body 52 having an opening on the upper surface, and a lid 54 that closes the opening.
- a positive electrode terminal 70 and a negative electrode terminal 72 are provided on the upper surface (lid 54) of the battery case 50.
- the positive electrode terminal 70 is electrically connected to a positive electrode current collector plate 74 attached to the end of the positive electrode 10 in the width direction.
- the negative electrode terminal 72 is electrically connected to a negative electrode current collector plate 76 attached to the end of the negative electrode 20 in the width direction.
- a CID 30 that operates when the internal pressure of the battery case 50 increases.
- the CID 30 is provided between the positive electrode terminal 70 fixed to the lid body 54 and the wound electrode body 80.
- the CID 30 reaches the positive electrode 10.
- the conductive path is configured to be electrically disconnected.
- CID 30 includes a deformed metal plate 32 and a connection metal plate 34 joined to the deformed metal plate 32.
- the deformed metal plate 32 has an arch-shaped curved portion 33 having a central portion curved downward.
- the peripheral portion of the curved portion 33 is connected to the lower surface of the positive electrode terminal 70 via the current collecting lead terminal 35.
- a part (tip) of the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is joined to the upper surface of the connection metal plate 34 at a joint point 36.
- a positive electrode current collector plate 74 is joined to the lower surface (back surface) of the connection metal plate 34, and the positive electrode current collector plate 74 is connected to the positive electrode 10 of the wound electrode body 80. In this way, a conductive path from the positive electrode terminal 70 to the positive electrode 10 is formed.
- CID 30 includes an insulating case 38 made of plastic.
- the material of the insulating case is not limited to plastic, and any material having insulating properties and airtightness may be used.
- the insulating case 38 is provided so as to surround the deformed metal plate 32.
- An opening for fitting the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is formed in the insulating case 38, and the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is fitted into the opening to seal the opening. is doing.
- the internal pressure of the battery case 50 does not act on the upper surface side of the sealed curved portion 33.
- the internal pressure of the battery case 50 acts on the lower surface of the curved portion 33 outside the insulating case 38.
- the internal pressure of the battery case 50 acts to push the curved portion 33 curved downward of the deformed metal plate 32 upward.
- This action increases as the internal pressure of the battery case 50 increases.
- the curved portion 33 is turned upside down and deformed so as to bend upward. Due to the deformation of the curved portion 33, the joint point 36 between the deformed metal plate 32 and the connection metal plate 34 is cut. As a result, the conductive path is electrically disconnected and the current is interrupted.
- the CID 30 is formed by deforming the deformed metal plate 32 disposed above, but is not limited thereto.
- the internal pressure of the battery case rises, it is not the first member (the member disposed at the position of the deformed metal plate 32 of the present embodiment) disposed above but the second member (the member of the present embodiment) disposed below.
- the member arranged at the position of the connecting metal plate 34) may be deformed and separated from the other to electrically disconnect the conductive path, and both the first member and the second member It may be deformed.
- the CID as described above may be provided not only on the positive terminal side but also on the negative terminal side.
- the CID is configured to electrically disconnect a conductive path that conducts between at least one of the positive and negative electrodes and an external terminal (positive electrode terminal or negative electrode terminal) exposed to the outside of the battery case when the internal pressure of the battery case increases. What is necessary is just and it is not limited to a specific shape and structure. Furthermore, CID is not limited to what performs the mechanical cutting
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the wound electrode body of FIG. 1, and shows a long sheet structure (electrode sheet) in the previous stage of constructing the wound electrode body 80.
- the wound electrode body 80 includes a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 20.
- the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 have a configuration in which they are wound flatly via two separators 40A and 40B.
- Each of the positive electrode 10, the negative electrode 20, and the separators 40A and 40B has a long sheet shape.
- the positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) 10 and the negative electrode (negative electrode sheet) 20 are overlapped via the separators 40A and 40B, thereby forming a laminate.
- the laminate is laminated in the order of the positive electrode sheet 10, the separator 40B, the negative electrode sheet 20, and the separator 40A.
- the wound electrode body 80 is formed in a flat shape by winding the laminated body in the longitudinal direction and further crushing the rolled body from the side surface direction so as to be ablated.
- the electrode body is not limited to a wound electrode body. Appropriate shapes and configurations can be appropriately employed depending on the shape and purpose of the battery.
- the positive electrode sheet 10 includes a positive electrode current collector 12 and a positive electrode mixture layer 14 formed on at least one surface (typically both surfaces) of the positive electrode current collector 12.
- the negative electrode sheet 20 includes a negative electrode current collector 22 and a negative electrode mixture layer 24 formed on at least one surface (typically both surfaces) of the negative electrode current collector 22.
- a positive electrode current collector constituting a positive electrode (typically a positive electrode sheet) of a lithium ion secondary battery a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used.
- a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used.
- aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector can be different depending on the shape of the battery and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can contain additives such as a conductive material and a binder (binder) as necessary.
- the positive electrode active material examples include lithium (Li) and a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing at least one transition metal element.
- the transition metal element is preferably at least one of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn).
- the composite oxide examples include so-called binary lithium transition metal composite oxides containing one kind of the transition metal element, so-called binary lithium transition metal composite oxides containing two kinds of the transition metal elements, and transition metal elements. Examples thereof include ternary lithium transition metal composite oxides containing Ni, Co, and Mn as constituent elements, and solid solution lithium-excess transition metal composite oxides. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the general formula is LiMAO 4 (where M is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, and A is P, Si, S and A polyanionic compound represented by the following formula is also preferably used: an element selected from the group consisting of V.
- a ternary lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and Mn as transition metal elements as constituent elements is preferable.
- the positive electrode active material includes aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo ), Tungsten (W), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), lanthanum (La), and cerium (Ce).
- two or more metal elements may be further added.
- the addition amount (blending amount) of these metal elements is not particularly limited, but is 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass (eg 0.05% by mass to 2% by mass, typically 0.1% by mass to 0.00%). 8 mass%) is appropriate.
- the tap density of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1.0 g / cm 3 to 2.8 g / cm 3 (for example, 1.5 g / cm 3 to 2.3 g / cm 3 ).
- a positive electrode active material exhibiting such a tap density tends to easily obtain a positive electrode mixture layer satisfying characteristics (a) to (f) described later without impairing battery characteristics.
- the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (eg, 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m). The positive electrode active material having such an average particle size tends to easily obtain a positive electrode mixture layer that satisfies the characteristics (a) to (f) described later without impairing battery characteristics.
- a positive electrode active material having a tap density of 1.5 g / cm 3 to 2.3 g / cm 3 and an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m has a high balance between input / output balance and durability.
- the “average particle diameter” refers to a median diameter (D 50 : 50% volume average particle diameter) that can be derived from a particle size distribution measured using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus based on a laser scattering / diffraction method.
- the proportion of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer exceeds about 50 mass%, and is about 70 mass% to 97 mass% (for example, 80 mass% to 97 mass%, typically 85 mass% to 96 mass%). Preferably there is.
- a conductive powder material such as carbon powder or carbon fiber is preferably used.
- carbon powder various carbon blacks such as acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, and graphite powder are preferable.
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers, metal powders such as copper and nickel, and organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives can be used singly or as a mixture of two or more.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive material is not particularly limited, but a material having an average particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ m or less (typically 0.001 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m) can be preferably used.
- the proportion of the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but is suitably about 2% by mass to 20% by mass (eg, 2% by mass to 12% by mass), and 3% by mass to 10% by mass ( (Typically, 3.5% by mass to 7% by mass) is preferable.
- a positive electrode active material having a tap density of 1.5 g / cm 3 to 2.3 g / cm 3 and an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m and a conductive material of about 3.5 to 7% by mass are used. Therefore, the input / output balance and the durability are highly balanced, which is particularly preferable.
- Bind materials include various polymer materials.
- an aqueous composition a composition using water or a mixed solvent containing water as a main component as a dispersion medium of active material particles
- water-soluble or water-dispersible these polymer materials can be preferably used as the binder.
- water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer materials include cellulose polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); vinyl acetate polymers; styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), rubbers such as acrylic acid-modified SBR resin (SBR-based latex), and copolymers having these as main components (typically components exceeding 50% by mass in all polymer components). .
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); vinyl acetate polymers
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- SBR-based latex acrylic acid-modified SBR resin
- the positive electrode mixture layer is formed using a solvent-based composition (a composition in which the dispersion medium of active material particles is mainly an organic solvent), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- a polymer material such as a vinyl halide resin such as polyethylene oxide (polyalkylene oxide such as polyethylene oxide (PEO); a copolymer containing these as a main component (typically a component exceeding 50% by mass in all polymer components); Can be used.
- a binder may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer material illustrated above may be used as a thickener and other additives in the composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, in addition to being used as a binder.
- the ratio of the binder in the positive electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but should be about 1 to 10% by mass (eg, 1 to 8% by mass, typically 1 to 5% by mass). Is preferred.
- the basis weight per unit area of the positive electrode mixture layer on the positive electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the composition for forming the positive electrode mixture layer) is not particularly limited, but a sufficient conductive path From the viewpoint of securing (conductive path), it is 3 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 3 mg / cm 2 or more, typically 5 mg / cm 2 or more) per side of the positive electrode current collector, and 45 mg / cm 2 or less (for example, 30 mg / cm 2 or less, typically 20 mg / cm 2 or less).
- the density of the positive-electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, 1.0g / cm 3 ⁇ 3.8g / cm 3 ( e.g., 1.5g / cm 3 ⁇ 3.5g / cm 3, typically 1.8 g / cm 3 to 3.0 g / cm 3 ).
- the basis weight per side is 5 to 20 mg / cm 3.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is particularly preferably in the range of 1.8 g / cm 3 to 3.0 g / cm 3 .
- the positive electrode mixture layer may have a differential pore volume peak A and peak B in a pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m in a pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter.
- the pore size P B of the peak B can be smaller than the pore size P A of the peak A.
- the pore distribution curve may have a minimum point C between which the differential pore volume becomes a minimum value between the peak A and the peak B.
- the ratio (X C / X L ) may be 0.6 or more.
- FIG. 3 also shows a pore distribution curve (a pore distribution curve indicated by Curve 2 in FIG. 3) of the positive electrode mixture layer in a conventional secondary battery for consumer use, and an in-vehicle system proposed in International Publication WO2011 / 89701. 3 also shows a pore distribution curve (a pore distribution curve indicated by Curve 3 in FIG. 3) of the positive electrode mixture layer in the secondary battery for use.
- FIG. 3 shows that the curve distribution curve of Curve 1 showing a high differential pore capacity in the broad pore distribution including two peaks is different from the conventional one.
- the positive electrode mixture layer has a differential pore volume peak A and peak B in the pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m in the pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter. preferable. Accordingly, there is a tendency that a pore distribution including many pores having a pore diameter suitable for the reaction of the overcharge additive is easily obtained. Peak A and peak B typically have a pore size in the range of 0.08 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- pores having a pore diameter suitable for the reaction of the overcharge additive from the functional surface, the pores having a pore diameter P R having a large contribution for the reaction of the overcharge additive, such pore diameter P it can be classified into two types of pores having a pore diameter P P suitable for providing a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an overcharge additive pores with R.
- the pore diameter P B of the peak B is smaller than the pore diameter P A of the peak A. Therefore, the pore size P R corresponds to the pore size P B of the peak B, by showing differential pore volume higher value of the peak B, a configuration having a sufficient amount of pores having a pore size P R is obtained .
- the pore diameter P P may correspond to the pore size P A peak A, by which the differential pore volume of the peak A indicates a high value, the configuration has sufficient amount of pores having a pore diameter P P can get.
- the number of peaks in the pore distribution curve is not particularly limited, and may have one or more peaks in addition to peak A and peak B.
- the peak A is the maximum peak indicating the maximum value of the differential pore volume
- the peak B is the second peak indicating the second largest differential pore volume.
- the pore diameter P A of the peak A is preferably in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m (eg, 0.3 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m, typically 0.4 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m) in the pore distribution curve. . This may suitably realize a configuration having sufficient amount of pores having a pore size P P having a large contribution to the feed of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the pore diameter P A is smaller than 0.2 ⁇ m peak A, and decreases the supply amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte, the reaction amount of the overcharge additive tends to be lowered.
- the differential pore volume X A of the peak A is not particularly limited, from the viewpoint of having a sufficient amount of pores having a pore size P P, 0.08cm 3 / g or more (e.g., 0.1 cm 3 / g or more, typically to is suitably be 0.12 cm 3 / g or higher) is preferably 0.15 cm 3 / g or more.
- the differential pore volume X A is 0.3 cm 3 / g or less (for example, 0.2 cm 3 / g or less) because the ratio (X C / X L ) is easily 0.6 or more. It can be.
- the pore diameter P B of the peak B is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m (for example, 0.08 ⁇ m to 0.4 ⁇ m, typically 0.08 ⁇ m to 0.3 ⁇ m) in the pore distribution curve. .
- This may suitably realize a configuration having sufficient amount of pores having a pore size P R.
- the pore size P B of the peak B is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the proportion of pores having a small pore size becomes too high, so that a region in which the nonaqueous electrolyte hardly penetrates in the positive electrode mixture layer becomes large, and overcharge during overcharge occurs.
- the reaction rate of the additive tends to decrease.
- the pore size P B of the peak B exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, the region where the above reaction does not occur although it becomes a supply passage for the non-aqueous electrolyte increases, and the reaction rate of the overcharge additive tends to decrease.
- Differential pore volume X B of the peak B is not particularly limited, from the viewpoint of having a sufficient amount of pores having a pore size P R, 0.08cm 3 / g or more (e.g., 0.1 cm 3 / g or more, typically to is suitably be 0.12 cm 3 / g or higher) is preferably 0.15 cm 3 / g or more.
- the differential pore volume X B is 0.3 cm 3 / g or less (for example, 0.2 cm 3 / g or less) because it is easy to obtain a configuration in which the ratio (X C / X L ) is 0.6 or more. obtain.
- the pore diameter P B of the pore diameter P A and the peak B of the peak A from the viewpoint of obtaining a broad pore distribution, it is preferable that the certain distance.
- the difference between P A and P B is above 0.2 [mu] m (e.g. 0.3 ⁇ m or more, typically 0.5 ⁇ m or more) is preferably. Further, the difference between P A and P B is, 1.5 [mu] m or less (e.g. 1.0 ⁇ m or less, typically 0.8 ⁇ m or less) may be.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) between the differential pore volume X A of peak A and the differential pore volume X B of peak B shown in FIG. 4 is preferably 0.8 or more and 1.25 or less. .
- the ratio (X B / X A ) is preferably 0.85 or more and 1.2 or less (for example, 0.90 or more and 1.1 or less, typically 0.95 or more and 1 or less).
- the ratio (X B / X A ) is 0.85 or more (eg, 0.90 or more, typically 0.98 or more). Particularly preferred. In this case, the ratio (X B / X A ) is less than 1.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) may be 0.92 or more and less than 1.
- the pore distribution curve preferably has a minimum point C where the differential pore volume becomes a minimum value between the peak A and the peak B.
- the differential pore volume X L having the larger differential pore volume among the differential pore volume X A of peak A and the differential pore volume X B of peak B, and the minimum point C
- the ratio (X C / X L ) with the differential pore volume X C is preferably 0.6 or more.
- the ratio (X C / X L ) is more preferably 0.7 or more (for example, 0.8 or more, typically 0.85 or more).
- the upper limit of the ratio (X C / X L ) is not particularly limited because it may be different depending on the differential pore volume of the peak showing a relatively low differential pore volume among the peak A and the peak B, but the ratio (X C / X L ) can be 0.95 or less (eg, 0.92 or less, typically 0.9 or less).
- the ratio (X C / X L ) is the ratio (X C / X A ). It becomes.
- the ratio (X C / X A ) is 0.85 or more (eg, 0.88 or more, typically 0.92 or more), and less than 0.98 (eg, less than 0.95, typically Is particularly preferably less than 0.92.
- the differential pore volume X C minimum point C is not particularly limited, in view illustrating a high differential pore volume in a broad pore distribution, 0.05 cm 3 / g or more (e.g., 0.06 cm 3 / g or more, preferably is typically 0.07 cm 3 / g or more), and more preferably 0.1 cm 3 / g or more.
- the differential pore volume X B may be 0.2 cm 3 / g or less (e.g., 0.15 cm 3 / g or less).
- the cumulative pore volume of the pore diameter P C is greater than the pore size of the minimum point C and Y L, the accumulated pore volume of pore diameter P C smaller pore size when a Y S, it is preferable to satisfy Y L ⁇ Y S.
- contribution to the reaction of the overcharge additive is large, the pore volume of which has a pore size P R of relatively small pore size increases, the reaction rate of the overcharge additive is improved in the overcharged state.
- PoreMaster33 (made by Quantachrome Instruments) is mentioned as a suitable example.
- the pore distribution can be measured as follows. A positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector is cut into a predetermined area to prepare a sample piece, and a pore size distribution of the sample piece with a pressure range of about 20 psi to 33000 psi using a commercially available mercury porosimeter. Measure.
- a pore distribution curve showing the relationship between the pore diameter and the pore volume (volume) (typically a pore distribution curve in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in the above pressure range) is obtained.
- the pore distribution state formed in the material layer is confirmed.
- a pore diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more is considered to be a gap between sample pieces.
- the measurement interval is not particularly limited, but is preferably an interval obtained by dividing the pressure range into 30 or more points (for example, 100 to 1000 points, typically 740 points) on a logarithmic basis.
- the Gurley air permeability ⁇ (hereinafter also simply referred to as air permeability ⁇ ) of the positive electrode mixture layer is 200 seconds / 100 mL or less (for example, 180 seconds / 100 mL or less, typically 150 seconds / 100 mL or less). It is preferable to do.
- air permeability ⁇ is in the above range, the reaction of the overcharge additive on the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer can be suitably performed.
- the Gurley air permeability is a gas resistance measured using a Gurley tester, and a value measured according to JIS P8117 is adopted in this specification.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is peeled off from the positive electrode current collector, for example, by bending the positive electrode, and the peeled positive electrode mixture layer is used. Can be measured.
- the positive electrode mixture layer exhibiting the above-mentioned Gurley air permeability ⁇ can be produced by appropriately adjusting the drying method and the compression method.
- the negative electrode current collector constituting the negative electrode typically, the negative electrode sheet
- a conductive member made of a highly conductive metal is preferably used as in the case of a conventional lithium ion secondary battery.
- copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector can be different depending on the shape of the battery and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of the material conventionally used for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- Examples of such a negative electrode active material include carbon materials generally used in lithium ion secondary batteries. Typical examples of such carbon materials include graphite carbon (graphite), amorphous carbon, and the like. A particulate carbon material (carbon particles) containing a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially is preferably used. Of these, the use of a carbon material mainly composed of natural graphite is preferred.
- Such natural graphite may be obtained by spheroidizing flaky graphite.
- a carbonaceous powder having a graphite surface coated with amorphous carbon may be used.
- oxides such as lithium titanate, simple substances such as silicon materials and tin materials, alloys, compounds, and composite materials using the above materials in combination.
- the proportion of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer is suitably about 90% by mass to 99% by mass (eg, 95% by mass to 99% by mass, typically 97% by mass to 99% by mass).
- the negative electrode mixture layer needs one or more binders, thickeners, and other additives that can be blended in the negative electrode mixture layer of a general lithium ion secondary battery.
- the binder include various polymer materials.
- what can be contained in the positive electrode mixture layer can be preferably used for an aqueous composition or a solvent-based composition.
- such a binder may be used as a thickener or other additive in a composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer.
- the proportion of these additives in the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but is about 1% by mass to 10% by mass (eg, about 1% by mass to 5% by mass, typically 1% by mass to 3% by mass). obtain.
- the basis weight per unit area of the negative electrode composite material layer on the negative electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the composition for forming the negative electrode composite material layer) is not particularly limited, but sufficient conductive paths From the viewpoint of securing (conductive path), it is 2 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 5 mg / cm 2 or more, typically 8 mg / cm 2 or more) per side of the negative electrode current collector, and 40 mg / cm 2 or less (for example, 22 mg / cm 2 or less, typically 14 mg / cm 2 or less).
- the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but is 1.0 g / cm 3 to 3.0 g / cm 3 (for example, 1.2 g / cm 3 to 2.0 g / cm 3 , typically 1.3 g / cm 3) . 3 to 1.5 g / cm 3 ).
- the separator (separator sheet) disposed so as to separate the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be a member that insulates the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer and allows the electrolyte to move.
- the separator include those having a single layer structure or a multilayer structure composed of two or more resin layers.
- resin which comprises a resin layer polyolefin resin, such as polyethylene (PE) and a polypropylene (PP), can be used conveniently, for example.
- a uniaxially or biaxially stretched porous resin film can be suitably used as the resin layer constituting the separator.
- a porous resin film uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction is particularly preferable because it has an appropriate strength and has little heat shrinkage in the width direction.
- thermal contraction in the longitudinal direction can be suppressed in a mode in which the separator is wound together with a long sheet-like positive electrode and negative electrode. Therefore, the porous resin film uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction is particularly suitable as one element of the separator constituting such a wound electrode body.
- the separator has a Gurley permeability ⁇ (hereinafter also simply referred to as “air permeability ⁇ ”) of preferably about 50 to 500 seconds / 100 mL (typically 100 to 300 seconds / 100 mL). If the air permeability ⁇ is too large, the lithium ion permeability may be insufficient, and high-rate charge / discharge may be difficult. If the air permeability ⁇ is too small, the separator strength may be insufficient.
- the separator exhibiting the Gurley permeability ⁇ can be produced by adjusting the stretching strength, the stretching temperature, and the stretching time. The air permeability ⁇ is measured by the same method as the above-mentioned air permeability ⁇ .
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the positive electrode mixture layer to the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the separator preferably satisfies 0.5 ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ 1, and 0.8 ⁇ ( More preferably, ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ 1.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) when the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is large, the supply of protons released from the positive electrode mixture layer is insufficient with respect to the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the separator. It can be considered that the amount of diffusion also decreases. Such protons become hydrogen gas on the negative electrode side. In order to realize good proton diffusion, it is desirable that the diffusion rates of the positive electrode mixture layer and the separator be close to each other.
- the range of the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is presumed to indicate the optimum range.
- the thickness of the separator is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m (for example, 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, typically 15 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m). When the thickness of the separator is within the above range, the separator has better ion permeability and film breakage is less likely to occur.
- at least one of the filler layers may be provided on the separator or at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Such a filler layer may be mainly composed of an inorganic filler (for example, a filler such as a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide) or an organic filler (for example, resin particles such as polyethylene or polypropylene).
- nonaqueous solvent and the supporting salt constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte injected into the lithium ion secondary battery those conventionally used for lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without any particular limitation.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte is typically an electrolytic solution having a composition in which a supporting salt is contained in a suitable non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2- Diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone
- a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is preferable.
- the supporting salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3.
- lithium compounds lithium salts
- the concentration of the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but is about 0.1 mol / L to 5 mol / L (for example, 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L, typically 0.8 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L). Concentration.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte can also include an overcharge additive.
- the overcharge additive is a compound that can be dissolved or dispersed in the non-aqueous electrolyte, reacts when the battery is overcharged, and before the decomposition of the non-aqueous solvent contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Such an overcharge additive is not oxidized at the operating voltage of the battery, but reacts (oxidizes) prior to oxidative decomposition of the nonaqueous solvent of the nonaqueous electrolyte when the battery is overcharged.
- the oxidation potential (oxidation start potential) of the overcharge additive is higher than the upper limit potential of the positive electrode corresponding to the maximum operating voltage. Moreover, it is lower than the oxidation potential (oxidation start potential) of the nonaqueous solvent of the nonaqueous electrolyte. From the above viewpoint, the oxidation potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the overcharge additive is 0.1 V or higher (eg, 0.2 V or higher, typically 0.3 V or higher) than the upper limit potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the positive electrode. ) High is preferred.
- the oxidation potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the nonaqueous solvent is 0.1 V or more (for example, 0.2 V or more, typically 0.3 V or more) lower than the oxidation potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the nonaqueous solvent.
- the preferred range of the oxidation potential of the overcharge additive is 4.3 V or more (for example, 4.4V or more, typically 4.5V or more) and 5.0V or less (for example, 4.9V or less, typically 4.8V or less).
- the overcharge additive include branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, diphenyl ethers, and dibenzofurans.
- branched alkylbenzenes include branched alkylbenzenes having a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and halides (typically fluorides) of branched alkylbenzenes.
- branched alkylbenzenes include branched alkylbenzenes such as cumene, diisopropylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-dibutylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, and t-diamilbenzene.
- cycloalkylbenzenes include cycloalkylbenzene having a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom constituting the cycloalkylbenzene is a linear or branched alkyl group.
- Examples thereof include alkylated cycloalkylbenzene substituted with a group and / or a halogen atom (typically a fluorine atom), and a halide (typically a fluoride) of cycloalkylbenzene.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6 (for example, 3 or 4).
- cycloalkylbenzenes include cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclopentylbenzene and cyclohexylbenzene (CHB), alkylated cycloalkylbenzenes such as t-butylcyclohexylbenzene, and partial fluorides of cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclohexylfluorobenzene.
- Biphenyls include biphenyl (BP) and at least one of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms constituting BP is a linear or branched alkyl group and / or halogen atom (typically a fluorine atom).
- alkylbiphenyl substituted with a halide of biphenyl typically fluoride
- biphenyls include BP, alkyl biphenyls such as propyl biphenyl and t-butyl biphenyl, partial phenyls such as 2-fluorobiphenyl, 2,2′-difluorobiphenyl, and 4,4′-difluorobiphenyl.
- BP alkyl biphenyls
- alkyl biphenyls such as propyl biphenyl and t-butyl biphenyl
- partial phenyls such as 2-fluorobiphenyl, 2,2′-difluorobiphenyl, and 4,4′-difluorobiphenyl.
- Terphenyls, diphenyl ethers, dibenzofurans include terphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran, and each of which at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom constituting them is substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group Alkylates (alkylated terphenyls, alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated dibenzofurans) and / or terphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran halides (typically fluorides) substituted with halogen atoms (typically fluorine atoms) Is mentioned.
- Terphenyl may be a partial hydride of terphenyl in which a hydrogen atom is added to a part thereof. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls and diphenyl ethers are preferable, cycloalkylbenzenes (typically CHB) and biphenyls (typically BP) are more preferable, and cycloalkylbenzenes (typically CHB) and biphenyls (typically BP) in a mass ratio of 9: 1 to 1: 9 (eg 7: 3 to 3: 7, typically 6: 4 to 4: 6). It is particularly preferred.
- the amount (addition amount) of the overcharge additive is about 0.1 to 10% by mass (for example, 0.5 to 7% by mass, typically 1 to 5% by mass) in the non-aqueous electrolyte. %) Is suitable, and it is preferably 2% by mass to 10% by mass (eg, 3% by mass to 7% by mass).
- a method for manufacturing such a secondary battery includes preparing a positive electrode and a negative electrode, constructing an electrode body using the prepared positive electrode and the negative electrode, and supplying a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge additive to the electrode body. Can be included.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery will be described. It should be noted that conventionally known methods can be appropriately employed for the general construction of an electrode body using positive and negative electrodes and the construction of a battery including a method for supplying a non-aqueous electrolyte to the electrode body, which characterize the present invention. Since it is not a thing, it does not explain especially here.
- a positive electrode is prepared.
- the method for producing such a positive electrode is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be produced by the following method.
- a positive electrode active material, and if necessary, a conductive material, a binder, etc. are mixed using an appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent, non-aqueous solvent or a mixed solvent thereof) to form a paste-like or slurry-like positive electrode mixture
- a layer forming composition is prepared.
- the mixing operation can be performed using, for example, a suitable kneader (planetary mixer, homodisper, clear mix, fill mix, etc.).
- a solvent used for preparing the composition both an aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the aqueous solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is water-based as a whole, and water or a mixed solvent mainly composed of water can be preferably used.
- Preferable examples of the non-aqueous solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and the like. NMP is preferable because it easily satisfies the characteristics described later.
- the composition thus prepared is applied to the positive electrode current collector, and the solvent is evaporated by drying, followed by compression (pressing).
- a technique for applying the composition to the positive electrode current collector a technique similar to a conventionally known method can be appropriately employed.
- the composition can be suitably applied to the positive electrode current collector by using an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- drying a solvent it can dry favorably by using natural drying, a hot air, low-humidity air, a vacuum, infrared rays, far infrared rays, and an electron beam individually or in combination.
- a compression method a conventionally known compression method such as a roll press method or a flat plate press method can be employed.
- adjusting the thickness it is preferable to measure the thickness with a film thickness measuring instrument, adjust the press pressure, and compress a plurality of times until a desired thickness is obtained. In this way, a positive electrode in which the positive electrode mixture layer is formed on the positive electrode current collector is obtained.
- the positive electrode composite layer has the following characteristics: (a) In the pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter, the peak diameter A of the differential pore volume is in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m and the pore diameter is smaller than the peak A. A peak B located on the side; and (b) the pore distribution curve has a minimum point C between which peak A and peak B have a minimum differential pore volume; Are preferably used.
- the ratio (X C / X L ) with the differential pore volume X C is 0.6 or more; it is preferable to select and use one satisfying the ratio.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) between the differential pore volume X A of peak A and the differential pore volume X B of peak B is 0.8 or more and 1.25 or less; It is more preferable to select and use one that satisfies the above.
- a cumulative pore volume of the pore diameter P C is greater than the pore size of the minimum point C and Y L, when the cumulative pore volume of pore diameter P C is less than the pore diameter is Y S, It is more preferable to select and use one that satisfies Y L ⁇ Y S ;
- the above selection can be performed by obtaining a pore distribution curve with a mercury porosimeter.
- adopted since an approximate pore distribution curve is obtained, it is not necessary to measure pore distribution each time.
- the above characteristics (a) In the pore distribution curve measured with a mercury porosimeter, the peak A of the differential pore volume in the pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m and the peak B located on the smaller pore diameter side than the peak A And (b) the pore distribution curve has a minimum point C at which the differential pore capacity becomes a minimum value between the peak A and the peak B;
- the method of selecting the material which comprises a material layer and adjusting the compounding ratio are mentioned. After preparing a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer as described above, a positive electrode mixture layer capable of satisfying the above characteristics (a) and (b) is formed by applying the composition onto a positive electrode current collector. be able to.
- the properties (average particle diameter, tap density, etc.) of the positive electrode active material, the type of conductive material and its blending ratio, the type of binder and its blending ratio, or the above two By adjusting in combination, the above characteristics (a) and (b) can be satisfied.
- a suitable method there is a method of adjusting the average particle diameter and tap density of the positive electrode active material and adjusting the blending ratio of the conductive material.
- Preferable conductive materials include one or more carbon materials such as acetylene black, graphite, and furnace black. It is preferable that 3% by mass to 10% by mass of such a carbon material is contained in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- Preferable binders include PVDF, PVDC, PVDF and PVDC as a base polymer (typically a component exceeding 50% by mass in all polymer components). It is preferable to contain 1% by mass to 5% by mass of the polymer material in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the method of satisfying the ratio (X C / X L ) with the capacity X C is 0.6 or more is not particularly limited.
- the structure satisfying the above characteristics (a) and (b) is used. Examples thereof include a method of compressing (typically rolling 2 to 5 times, typically 3 times) and a method of generating air bubbles in the positive electrode mixture layer forming composition. In this way, a positive electrode mixture layer that can satisfy the characteristics (a), (b), and (c) can be formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the first rolling is performed so that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is 1.0 g / cm 3 to 2.5 g / cm 3 (typically 1.9 g / cm 3 to 2.5 g / cm 3 ).
- the second rolling is performed so that the density becomes 1.5 g / cm 3 to 2.8 g / cm 3 (typically 2.2 g / cm 3 to 2.8 g / cm 3 ), Further, it is preferable to perform the third rolling so that the density becomes 1.8 g / cm 3 to 3 g / cm 3 (typically 2.4 g / cm 3 to 3 g / cm 3 ).
- FIG. 12 is a schematic explanatory diagram of such a method.
- an air bubble 93 is generated in the coating liquid 92 using a tube 91 connected to a bubbling device (not shown).
- the air bubble-containing coating liquid 92 is applied to the positive electrode current collector 94 using a comma coater 90.
- the diameter of the air bubbles is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the type of air supplied into the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably decarboxylated (typically N 2 gas).
- the pore distribution is affected when the wind directly hits the positive electrode mixture layer, There is a tendency that the characteristic (c) is not easily satisfied. Therefore, it is preferable to configure the hot air dryer to be used so that the positive electrode mixture layer is not directly exposed to wind.
- the drying is preferably performed at 50 to 180 ° C. (preferably 70 to 150 ° C.) for 1 to 10 minutes (preferably 3 to 5 minutes).
- the peak diameter is in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m
- the peak B is in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the method is not particularly limited, it is possible to form a positive electrode mixture layer that can satisfy the property (d) by appropriately adopting a method that can be used to satisfy the properties (a), (b), and (c). it can.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) of the above characteristics: (e) differential pore volume X A of peak A and differential pore volume X B of peak B is 0.8 or more and 1.25 or less.
- a positive electrode mixture layer capable of satisfying the above characteristic (e) is formed by appropriately adopting a technique that can be taken to satisfy the above characteristics (a), (b), and (c). can do.
- a negative electrode is prepared.
- the method for producing such a negative electrode is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be employed. For example, it can be produced by the following method. First, a negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder or the like in the appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent, organic solvent, or mixed solvent thereof) to prepare a paste or slurry-like composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer. The composition prepared in this manner is applied to the negative electrode current collector, the solvent is volatilized by drying, and then compressed (pressed). Thereby, a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode mixture layer formed using the composition on a negative electrode current collector is obtained. Note that the mixing, coating, drying, and compression methods can employ the same means as in the above-described production of the positive electrode.
- the lithium ion secondary battery constructed using the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be used for various purposes, but can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG. 15, the present invention provides a vehicle 1 (typically an automobile, particularly a vehicle including a lithium ion secondary battery 100 (typically, a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series) as a power source. Vehicles equipped with electric motors such as hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles).
- Example 1 [Preparation of positive electrode sheet] Positive electrode active material A (Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 6 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.9 g / cm 3 ) and acetylene black ( AB) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder are mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) so that the mass ratio of these materials is 91: 6: 3, and then paste-like A positive electrode mixture layer forming composition was prepared.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This composition was uniformly applied to both sides of a long sheet-like aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector: thickness 15 ⁇ m) so that the basis weight per side was 15 mg / cm 2 (solid content basis), Dried.
- the drying was performed at a temperature of 85 ° C. for 4 minutes in a hot air drying furnace configured so that the positive electrode mixture layer was not directly exposed to wind.
- rolling was performed three times with the linear pressure of the rolling roll changed. That is, the first rolling is performed so that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is 2.2 g / cm 3 , and the second rolling is performed so that the density is 2.5 g / cm 3, and the third rolling is performed.
- the density was adjusted to 2.7 g / cm 3 . In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 1 was produced.
- the paste-like composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer was prepared by mixing with ion-exchanged water. This composition was uniformly applied to both sides of a long sheet-like copper foil (thickness: 14 ⁇ m) so that the basis weight per side was 8.5 mg / cm 2 (solid content basis), and after drying, The sheet-like negative electrode (negative electrode sheet) was produced by compressing. The density of the negative electrode mixture layer was 1.4 g / cm 3 .
- non-aqueous electrolyte a 3: 4: 3 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was used, and about 1 mol / L LiPF 6 as a supporting salt. Then, an electrolyte solution containing 2% cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) and 2% biphenyl (BP) was used.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- a positive electrode active material B Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 10 ⁇ m, tap density: 2.3 g / cm 3
- a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used. Using the obtained composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, coating and drying were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.9 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 2 was produced. A square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 2 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- Example 3 Combined use of positive electrode active material B and positive electrode active material C (Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 4 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.9 g / cm 3 )
- a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material B, the positive electrode active material C, AB, and PVDF was 50: 41: 6: 3. did.
- coating and drying were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.6 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 3 was produced.
- a square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- Positive electrode active material D Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 7 ⁇ m, tap density: 2.1 g / cm 3
- positive electrode active material E Li [ Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle size D 50 : 5 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.9 g / cm 3
- a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that mixing was performed so that the mass ratio of AB and PVDF was 55: 36: 6: 3.
- Example 4 Using the obtained composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, coating and drying were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.5 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 4 was produced. A square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- a positive electrode active material F Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 4 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.6 g / cm 3
- a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used. Using the obtained composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, coating and drying were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.5 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 5 was produced. A square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 5 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- Example 6 Using positive electrode active material G (Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 5 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.5 g / cm 3 ), positive electrode active material G, A composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that mixing was performed so that the mass ratio of AB and PVDF was 87: 10: 3. Using the obtained composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, coating and drying were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.2 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 6 was produced. A square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 6 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- positive electrode active material G Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 5 ⁇ m, tap density: 1.5 g /
- Example 7 Using positive electrode active material H (Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 12 ⁇ m, tap density: 2.4 g / cm 3 ), positive electrode active material H, A composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that mixing was performed so that the mass ratio of AB and PVDF was 95: 3: 2. Using the obtained composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, coating and drying were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 3.1 g / cm 3 by the third rolling. And three rollings. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 7 was produced. A rectangular lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- positive electrode active material H Li [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ] O 2 powder, average particle diameter D 50 : 12 ⁇ m, tap density: 2.4 g
- the pore distribution curves of the positive electrode composite layers according to Examples 1 to 6 are two differential pore volume peaks in the range of the pore diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, It had a minimum point C of differential pore volume between the two peaks.
- the pore distribution curve did not show two peaks as shown in FIG. 11, and the minimum point C was not recognized.
- the ratio (X C / X L ) in the pore distribution curve is 0.6 or more, and a high differential fineness in the broad pore distribution including the above two peaks.
- the lithium ion secondary battery constructed using the positive electrode mixture layers according to Examples 1 and 2 showing the pore capacity had a gas generation amount of 80 or more.
- the ratio (X B / X A ) was also a high value of 0.92 or more.
- the amount of gas generated was 70 or less.
- the pore distribution curves of Example 3 and Example 4 have a peak A and a peak B in a range relatively approximate to Example 1 and Example 2 except that the ratio (X C / X L ) is low.
- the differential pore volume of A and peak B was relatively close to those of Examples 1 and 2, the amount of gas generated was small. The cause is considered to be that the minimum point C showed a low value in these examples. That is, when the ratio (X C / X L ) is 0.6 or more, a high differential pore volume in a broad pore distribution including the peak A and the peak B increases the gas generation amount. Is important.
- Example 1 the amount of gas generated was larger in Example 1 where Y L ⁇ Y S.
- This tendency was also observed in the comparison between Example 5 in which the tendency of Y L ⁇ Y S was strong and Example 6 in which the tendency of Y L > Y S was strong. That is, in Example 5 where the tendency of Y L ⁇ Y S was strong, the ratio (X C / X L ) was as low as 0.2 and the ratio (X B / X A ) was also as low as 0.21.
- the gas generation amount was 68, whereas in Example 6 where Y L > Y S tends to be strong, both the ratio (X C / X L ) and the ratio (X B / X A ) are higher than Example 5. Nevertheless, the gas generation amount was 32, the lowest result.
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 1, a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer (positive electrode paste) was prepared. Prior to application, N 2 bubbles having a bubble diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m were generated using a handmade bubbling device connected to an N 2 cylinder. A resin tube having an inner diameter of 0.5 mm connected to the bubbling device was placed in a positive electrode paste in a stirring device (a triaxial kneader manufactured by Primics). While depressurizing, the positive electrode paste was stirred at 40 rpm for the planetary mixer and 4000 rpm for the disper, and N 2 bubbling was performed together.
- a stirring device a triaxial kneader manufactured by Primics
- the positive electrode paste is continuously supplied to the comma coater and applied to both sides of a long sheet of aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector: thickness 15 ⁇ m).
- the positive electrode paste was uniformly applied so that the amount was 15 mg / cm 2 (based on solid content).
- the positive electrode mixture layer was dried at a temperature of 85 ° C. for 4 minutes in a hot air drying furnace configured so as not to be directly exposed to wind. Then, it rolled once so that the density of a positive electrode compound-material layer might be 2.7 g / cm ⁇ 3 >. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 8 was produced.
- a square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 8 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 1, a composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer was prepared. This composition was uniformly applied on both sides of a long sheet-like aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector: thickness 15 ⁇ m) so that the coating amount per side was 15 mg / cm 2 (solid content basis). . After coating, the positive electrode mixture layer was dried at a temperature of 85 ° C. for 4 minutes in a hot air drying furnace configured so as not to be directly exposed to wind. Then, it rolled once so that the density of a positive electrode compound-material layer might be 2.7 g / cm ⁇ 3 >. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) according to Example 9 was produced. A square lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode sheet was used.
- Example 2 shows the ratio (X C / X L ), the ratio (X B / X A ), and the relationship between Y L and Y S. Further, the amount of gas generation was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 for the secondary batteries of Examples 8 and 9 produced above. The results are shown in Table 2. FIG. 13 and Table 2 also show the results of Example 1.
- the positive electrode mixture layer according to Example 8 was produced by a manufacturing method different from Example 1.
- the pore diameter was There were two differential pore volume peaks in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, and a differential pore volume minimum point C between the two peaks.
- the ratio (X C / X L ) of Example 8 was 0.6 or more, and a high differential pore capacity was shown in the broad pore distribution including the two peaks.
- the amount of gas generated in the secondary battery constructed using this positive electrode mixture layer was larger than that in Example 1.
- the secondary battery using the positive electrode according to Example 9 manufactured by the same manufacturing method as in the past has a low ratio (X C / X L ) and ratio (X B / X A ), and the amount of gas generated is also low. Less. From the above, it is understood that the effect obtained by the reaction of the overcharge additive is improved in the case of using the positive electrode mixture layer showing the pore distribution curve with the ratio (X C / X L ) of 0.6 or more. . And the effect can be determined by said pore distribution curve, and it turns out that it is not limited to the structural component of the positive electrode compound material layer, its ratio, and a manufacturing method.
- Example 10 When the Gurley air permeability of the positive electrode mixture layer used in Example 1 was measured according to JIS P8117, it was 200 seconds / 100 mL. Also, five separators having different Gurley air permeability were prepared by varying the stretching strength, stretching temperature, and stretching time of PP and PE. The Gurley air permeability of each separator was 500 seconds / 100 mL, 400 seconds / 100 mL, 300 seconds / 100 mL, 200 seconds / 100 mL, and 180 seconds / 100 mL. The Gurley air permeability of the separator was measured according to JIS P8117.
- These separators have basically the same configuration as the long sheet-like three-layer structure film (thickness: 20 ⁇ m) made of PP / PE / PP used in Example 1 except that the Gurley air permeability is different.
- a square lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that each of these separators was used. With respect to the obtained five secondary batteries, the gas generation amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) and the amount of gas generated, where the Gurley permeability of the positive electrode mixture layer is ⁇ and the Gurley permeability of the separator is ⁇ .
- Example 11 A positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) having a Gurley permeability of 300 seconds / 100 mL was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rolling was performed so that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.9 g / cm 3 .
- this positive electrode sheet and the five types of separators used in Example 10 square lithium ion secondary batteries were produced. With respect to the obtained five secondary batteries, the gas generation amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The relationship between the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) and the amount of gas generated is shown in FIG.
- Example 12 A positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) having a Gurley air permeability of 160 seconds / 100 mL was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rolling was performed so that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 2.4 g / cm 3 .
- this positive electrode sheet and the five types of separators used in Example 10 square lithium ion secondary batteries were produced. With respect to the obtained five secondary batteries, the gas generation amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The relationship between the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) and the amount of gas generated is shown in FIG.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the positive electrode mixture layer and the Gurley permeability ⁇ of the separator satisfies 0.5 ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ 1. Then, it turns out that the amount of gas generation increased.
- the amount of gas generated can be increased when the battery is overcharged.
- the polymer production amount derived from an overcharge additive may increase when it will be in an overcharge state. Therefore, according to this invention, the effect
- the amount of overcharge additive used can be kept to the minimum necessary, and the deterioration of battery characteristics (typically increase in battery resistance) due to the excessive inclusion of overcharge additive is suppressed. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
Li(LiaNixCoyMnz)O2
(前式中のa、x、y、zはa+x+y+z=1を満足する実数)で表される三元系リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が挙げられる。
[正極シートの作製]
正極活物質A(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:6μm、タップ密度:1.9g/cm3)と、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(AB)と、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、これらの材料の質量比が91:6:3となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)で混合して、ペースト状の正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(正極集電体:厚さ15μm)の両面に片面当たりの目付量が15mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗付し、乾燥させた。乾燥は、正極合材層に風が直接当たらないように構成された熱風乾燥炉により温度85℃で4分間行った。その後、圧延ロールの線圧を変更した圧延を3回行った。すなわち、1回目の圧延は正極合材層の密度が2.2g/cm3となるように行い、2回目の圧延は上記密度が2.5g/cm3となるように行い、3回目の圧延で上記密度を2.7g/cm3とした。このようにして例1に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。
負極活物質として天然黒鉛粉末と、結着材としてスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体(SBR)と、増粘材としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)とを、これらの材料の質量比が98:1:1となるようにイオン交換水で混合して、ペースト状の負極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状の銅箔(厚さ14μm)の両面に片面当たりの目付量が8.5mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗付し、乾燥後、圧縮することによって、シート状の負極(負極シート)を作製した。負極合材層の密度は1.4g/cm3であった。
作製した正極シートと負極シートとをセパレータを介して楕円状に捲回して捲回電極体を作製した。セパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン(PP)/ポリエチレン(PE)/ポリプロピレン(PP)からなる長尺シート状の三層構造フィルム(厚さ:20μm)を用いた。この捲回電極体の正負の電極集電体の端部にそれぞれ電極端子を接合し、アルミ製の電池ケースに収容した。その後、非水電解液を注入して密封することにより、角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。非水電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との3:4:3(体積比)混合溶媒に、支持塩として約1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解し、さらにシクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)を2%、ビフェニル(BP)を2%の濃度で含有させた電解液を用いた。
正極活物質Aに代えて正極活物質B(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:10μm、タップ密度:2.3g/cm3)を用いた他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が2.9g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例2に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例2に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質Bと正極活物質C(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:4μm、タップ密度:1.9g/cm3)とを併用し、正極活物質B、正極活物質C、ABおよびPVDFの質量比が50:41:6:3となるように混合した他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が2.6g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例3に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例3に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質D(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:7μm、タップ密度:2.1g/cm3)と正極活物質E(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:5μm、タップ密度:1.9g/cm3)とを併用し、正極活物質D、正極活物質E、ABおよびPVDFの質量比が55:36:6:3となるように混合した他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が2.5g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例4に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例4に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質Aに代えて正極活物質F(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:4μm、タップ密度:1.6g/cm3)を用いた他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が2.5g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例5に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例5に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質G(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:5μm、タップ密度:1.5g/cm3)を用い、正極活物質G、ABおよびPVDFの質量比が87:10:3となるように混合した他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が2.2g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例6に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例6に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質H(Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2粉末、平均粒径D50:12μm、タップ密度:2.4g/cm3)を用い、正極活物質H、ABおよびPVDFの質量比が95:3:2となるように混合した他は例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。得られた正極合材層形成用組成物を用いて、3回目の圧延で正極合材層の密度が3.1g/cm3となるようにした他は例1と同様にして塗付、乾燥および3回の圧延を行った。このようにして例7に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例7に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
上記作製した各正極シートを約2cm×1cm角に切り分けて試料片を調製し、正極合材層内の細孔分布を測定した。測定には、水銀ポロシメータ(Quantachrome Instruments社製「PoreMaster33」)を用いた。上記試料片をセルに入れ、圧力20psi~33000psiの出力で、正極合材層内の細孔分布を、該圧力範囲を対数基準で740点に分割した測定間隔で測定した。そして、細孔径0.01μm~10μmの範囲の細孔分布曲線から、最大ピークの微分細孔容量XLと2つのピーク間における微分細孔容量の極小点Cの微分細孔容量XCとの比(XC/XL)と、ピークAの微分細孔容量XAとピークBの微分細孔容量XBとの比(XB/XA)と、極小点Cの細孔径PCより大きい細孔径の積算細孔容量YLと細孔径PCより小さい細孔径の積算細孔容量YSとの関係とを求めた。例1~例7に係る細孔分布曲線を図5~図11にそれぞれ示す。比(XC/XL)と、比(XB/XA)と、YLおよびYSの関係を表1に示す。
各例のリチウムイオン二次電池の作製において、蓋体に圧力センサを施し、該蓋体を封止してリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。温度25℃の環境下で1C相当の充電を行い、SOC(State of Charge)160%まで充電した際の電池内圧を圧力センサで検知した。検知した値をガス発生量に換算した。ガス発生量は、例1で得られた値を100として相対値で示す。値が大きいほどガス発生量が多く、値が小さいほどガス発生量は少ない。結果を表1に示す。
例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物(正極ペースト)を調製した。塗付前に、N2ボンベに連結したハンドメイドのバブリング装置を用いて、0.1μm~1μmの気泡径を有するN2泡を発生させた。このバブリング装置と連結した内径0.5mmの樹脂チューブを撹拌装置(プライミクス社製の三軸混練機)内にある正極ペースト内に配置した。減圧しながらプラネタリーミキサーを40rpm、ディスパーを4000rpmで正極ペーストを撹拌し、あわせてN2バブリングを実施した。上記の処理(撹拌およびバブリング)を実施しながら、コンマコーターに正極ペーストを連続的に供給し、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(正極集電体:厚さ15μm)の両面に片面当たりの塗付量が15mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように正極ペーストを均一に塗付した。塗付後、正極合材層に風が直接当たらないように構成された熱風乾燥炉により温度85℃で4分間の乾燥を行った。その後、正極合材層の密度が2.7g/cm3となるように1回の圧延を行った。このようにして例8に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例8に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
例1と同様にして正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(正極集電体:厚さ15μm)の両面に片面当たりの塗付量が15mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗付した。塗付後、正極合材層に風が直接当たらないように構成された熱風乾燥炉により温度85℃で4分間の乾燥を行った。その後、正極合材層の密度が2.7g/cm3となるように1回の圧延を行った。このようにして例9に係るシート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートを用いた他は例1と同様にして例9に係る角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
例1で用いた正極合材層のガーレ透気度をJIS P8117に準じて測定したところ、200秒/100mLであった。また、PP、PEの延伸強度、延伸温度、延伸時間を異ならせることによって、ガーレ透気度の異なる5つのセパレータを用意した。各セパレータのガーレ透気度は、500秒/100mL、400秒/100mL、300秒/100mL、200秒/100mL、180秒/100mLであった。セパレータのガーレ透気度はJIS P8117に準じて測定した。これらのセパレータは、ガーレ透気度が異なる点を除いては例1で用いたPP/PE/PPからなる長尺シート状の三層構造フィルム(厚さ:20μm)と基本的に同じ構成を備える。これらのセパレータをそれぞれ用いた他は例1と同様にして角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。得られた5個の二次電池について、例1と同様にしてガス発生量を測定した。正極合材層のガーレ透気度をαとし、セパレータのガーレ透気度をβとして、比(α/β)とガス発生量との関係を図14に示す。
正極合材層の密度が2.9g/cm3となるように圧延を行った他は例1と同様にして、ガーレ透気度が300秒/100mLの正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートと、例10で用いた5種類のセパレータをそれぞれ用いて角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。得られた5個の二次電池について、例1と同様にしてガス発生量を測定した。比(α/β)とガス発生量との関係を図14に示す。
正極合材層の密度が2.4g/cm3となるように圧延を行った他は例1と同様にして、ガーレ透気度が160秒/100mLの正極(正極シート)を作製した。この正極シートと、例10で用いた5種類のセパレータをそれぞれ用いて角型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。得られた5個の二次電池について、例1と同様にしてガス発生量を測定した。比(α/β)とガス発生量との関係を図14に示す。
10 正極シート(正極)
12 正極集電体
14 正極合材層
20 負極シート(負極)
22 負極集電体
24 負極合材層
25 非水電解液
30 CID
32 変形金属板
33 湾曲部分
34 接続金属板
38 絶縁ケース
40A,40B セパレータ
50 電池ケース
52 ケース本体
54 蓋体
70 正極端子
72 負極端子
74 正極集電板
76 負極集電板
80 捲回電極体
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (12)
- 過充電添加剤を含む非水電解質が供給された非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記非水電解質二次電池の正極を構成する正極合材層は、水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔径が0.05μm~2μmの範囲に微分細孔容量のピークAと該ピークAより小孔径側に位置するピークBとを有し、
前記細孔分布曲線は、前記ピークAおよび前記ピークBの間において微分細孔容量が極小値となる極小点Cを有し、
前記ピークAの微分細孔容量XAおよび前記ピークBの微分細孔容量XBのうち微分細孔容量の大きい方の微分細孔容量XLと、前記極小点Cの微分細孔容量XCとの比(XC/XL)が0.6以上であることを特徴とする、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記細孔分布曲線において、細孔径が0.2μm~2μmの範囲に前記ピークAを有し、細孔径が0.05μm~0.5μmの範囲に前記ピークBを有する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ピークAの微分細孔容量XAと前記ピークBの微分細孔容量XBとの比(XB/XA)が、0.8以上1.25以下である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極合材層は、前記極小点Cの細孔径PCより大きい細孔径の積算細孔容量をYLとし、前記細孔径PCより小さい細孔径の積算細孔容量をYSとしたとき、YL<YSを満たす、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質二次電池を構成する正極と負極の間にはセパレータが配置されており、
前記正極合材層のガーレ透気度αと前記セパレータのガーレ透気度βとの比(α/β)が、0.5<(α/β)<1を満たす、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 電池ケースの内圧が所定の圧力に達したときに導電経路を分断する電流遮断機構を備える、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 非水電解質二次電池を製造する方法であって、
正極および負極を用意すること、
前記用意した正極および前記負極を用いて電極体を構築すること、
前記電極体に過充電添加剤を含む非水電解質を供給すること、
を包含し、
ここで、前記正極を構成する正極合材層として、以下の特性:
(a)水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔径が0.05μm~2μmの範囲に微分細孔容量のピークAと該ピークAより小孔径側に位置するピークBとを有する;
(b)前記細孔分布曲線は、前記ピークAおよび前記ピークBの間において微分細孔容量が極小値となる極小点Cを有する;および
(c)前記ピークAの微分細孔容量XAおよび前記ピークBの微分細孔容量XBのうち微分細孔容量の大きい方の微分細孔容量XLと、前記極小点Cの微分細孔容量XCとの比(XC/XL)が0.6以上である;
を満たすものを選択して用いることを特徴とする、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記正極合材層として、以下の特性:
(d)前記細孔分布曲線において、細孔径が0.2μm~2μmの範囲に前記ピークAを有し、細孔径が0.05μm~0.5μmの範囲に前記ピークBを有する;
を満たすものを選択して用いる、請求項7に記載の製造方法。 - 前記正極合材層として、以下の特性:
(e)前記ピークAの微分細孔容量XAと前記ピークBの微分細孔容量XBとの比(XB/XA)が、0.8以上1.25以下である;
を満たすものを選択して用いる、請求項7または8に記載の製造方法。 - 前記正極合材層として、以下の特性:
(f)前記極小点Cの細孔径PCより大きい細孔径の積算細孔容量をYLとし、前記細孔径PCより小さい細孔径の積算細孔容量をYSとしたとき、YL<YSである;
を満たすものを選択して用いる、請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 電池ケースの内圧が所定の圧力に達したときに導電経路を分断する電流遮断機構を構築すること、を包含する、請求項7から10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池を備える車両。
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| US10673070B2 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2020-06-02 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Positive active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, method for producing same, electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JPWO2016190419A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-03-15 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| US20180145318A1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-05-24 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Positive active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, method for producing same, electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN106340671A (zh) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子电池及其电解液 |
| JP2018055801A (ja) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
| JPWO2019069402A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-04 | 2020-06-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極、非水電解質電池及び電池パック |
| WO2019069402A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-11 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電極、非水電解質電池及び電池パック |
| US11515532B2 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2022-11-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrode, nonaqueous electrolyte battery and battery pack |
| WO2019230908A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JPWO2019230908A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-05-13 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP6996622B2 (ja) | 2018-05-31 | 2022-01-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| WO2020208718A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-10-15 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電極、電極群、電池、及び電池パック |
| JPWO2020208718A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-09 | 2021-11-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極、電極群、電池、及び電池パック |
| JP7247326B2 (ja) | 2019-04-09 | 2023-03-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極、電極群、電池、及び電池パック |
| US12040486B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2024-07-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrode, electrode group, battery, and battery pack |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20150016257A (ko) | 2015-02-11 |
| JPWO2013161083A1 (ja) | 2015-12-21 |
| CN104272520A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
| JP5963022B2 (ja) | 2016-08-03 |
| CN104272520B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
| US9831525B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| KR101670569B1 (ko) | 2016-10-28 |
| US20150086851A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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