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US20130109683A1 - 5,6-dihydro-2h-[1,4]oxazin-3-yl-amine derivatives useful as inhibitors of beta-secretase (bace) - Google Patents

5,6-dihydro-2h-[1,4]oxazin-3-yl-amine derivatives useful as inhibitors of beta-secretase (bace) Download PDF

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US20130109683A1
US20130109683A1 US13/703,199 US201113703199A US2013109683A1 US 20130109683 A1 US20130109683 A1 US 20130109683A1 US 201113703199 A US201113703199 A US 201113703199A US 2013109683 A1 US2013109683 A1 US 2013109683A1
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Andrés Avelino Trabanco-Suárez
Frederik Jan Rita Rombouts
Gary John Tresadern
Michiel Luc Maria Van Gool
Gregor James MacDonald
Carolina Martinez Lamenca
Henricus Jacobus Maria Gijsen
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Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
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Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
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Assigned to JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV reassignment JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JANSSEN-CILAG S.A.
Assigned to JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV reassignment JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GIJSEN, HENRICUS JACOBUS MARIA, LAMENCA, CAROLINA MARTINEZ, MACDONALD, GREGOR JAMES, ROMBOUTS, FREDERIK JAN RITA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
    • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5355—Non-condensed oxazines and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin-3-ylamine derivatives as inhibitors of beta-secretase, also known as beta-site amyloid cleaving enzyme, BACE, BACE1, Asp2, or memapsin2.
  • the invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, to processes for preparing such compounds and compositions, and to the use of such compounds and compositions for the prevention and treatment of disorders in which beta-secretase is involved, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with stroke, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • senility dementia
  • dementia with Lewy bodies dementia with Lewy bodies
  • Down's syndrome dementia associated with stroke
  • dementia associated with Parkinson's disease dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • AD Alzheimer's Disease
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to improve cognitive properties as well as anxiolytics and antipsychotics to control the behavioral problems associated with this ailment.
  • Abeta 1-42 beta-amyloid 1-42 (Abeta 1-42) peptide.
  • Abeta 1-42 forms oligomers and then fibrils, and ultimately amyloid plaques.
  • the oligomers and fibrils are believed to be especially neurotoxic and may cause most of the neurological damage associated with AD.
  • Agents that prevent the formation of Abeta 1-42 have the potential to be disease-modifying agents for the treatment of AD.
  • Abeta 1-42 is generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), comprised of 770 amino acids.
  • APP amyloid precursor protein
  • Abeta 1-42 The N-terminus of Abeta 1-42 is cleaved by beta-secretase (BACE), and then gamma-secretase cleaves the C-terminal end. In addition to Abeta 1-42, gamma-secretase also liberates Abeta 1-40 which is the predominant cleavage product as well as Abeta 1-38 and Abeta 1-43. These Abeta forms can also aggregate to form oligomers and fibrils. Thus, inhibitors of BACE would be expected to prevent the formation of Abeta 1-42 as well as Abeta 1-40, Abeta 1-38 and Abeta 1-43 and would be potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of AD.
  • BACE beta-secretase
  • WO-2011/009943 discloses unsubstituted and 2-substituted oxazine derivatives and their use as BACE inhibitors for the treatment of neurological disorders.
  • WO-2011/020806 discloses 2,6-unsubstituted 3-amino-5-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazine derivatives having BACE1 and/or BACE2 inhibitory properties.
  • the present invention is directed to 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin-3-ylamine derivatives of Formula
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl; or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, homoaryl and heteroaryl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are independently C(R 6 ) or N, provided that no more than two thereof represent N; each R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, cyan
  • Illustrative of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any of the compounds described above.
  • An illustration of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by mixing any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Illustrating the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Exemplifying the invention are methods of treating a disorder mediated by the beta-secretase enzyme, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • An example of the invention is a method of treating a disorder selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with stroke, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid, preferably Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • Another example of the invention is any of the compounds described above for use in treating: (a) Alzheimer's Disease, (b) mild cognitive impairment, (c) senility, (d) dementia, (e) dementia with Lewy bodies, (f) Down's syndrome, (g) dementia associated with stroke, (h) dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and (i) dementia associated with beta-amyloid, in a subject in need thereof.
  • the present invention is directed to compounds of formula (I) as defined hereinbefore, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme (also known as beta-site cleaving enzyme, BACE, BACE1, Asp2 or memapsin 2), and are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, senility, dementia, dementia associated with stroke, dementia with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid, preferably Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment or dementia, more preferably Alzheimer's disease.
  • beta-secretase enzyme also known as beta-site cleaving enzyme, BACE, BACE1, Asp2 or memapsin 2
  • the present invention is directed to 6-substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin-3-ylamine derivatives of Formula (I)
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl;
  • R 4 is fluoro or trifluoromethyl; or R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, homoaryl and heteroaryl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are independently C(R 6 ) or N, provided that no more than two thereof represent N; each R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C
  • R 4 is an electronegative group such as fluoro or trifluoromethyl
  • PGP permeability glycoprotein
  • L is a direct bond
  • L is a direct bond
  • Ar is phenyl; phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group of halo, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and C 1-3 alkyloxy; pyridinyl; pyridinyl substituted with methyl, halo, methoxy, ethoxy or cyano; or pyrimidinyl.
  • L is a direct bond
  • X 1 is N, CH or CF
  • X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are CH.
  • L is a direct bond
  • X 3 is N
  • X 1 is CH or CF
  • X 2 and X 4 are CH.
  • L is a direct bond
  • R 5 is methyl
  • L is a direct bond
  • R 5 is cyclopropyl
  • L is a direct bond
  • R 5 is ethyl
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro and L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, and R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are CH, and X 1 is CH, CF or N.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is pyridyl, or pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, cyano, methoxy, trifluoroethoxy and difluoromethyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is pyridyl, or pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, cyano, methoxy, trifluoroethoxy and difluoromethyl, and the 5 and 6 position of the dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin ring have both the R configuration.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is fluoro, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is selected from the group consisting of 5-methoxypyrazyl, 5-ethoxypyrazyl, 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrazyl, 5-cyano-pyridin-2-yl, 5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3,5-dichloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-cyano-pyridin-2-yl, and 5-cyanopyridin-3-yl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is trifluoromethyl and L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, and R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are CH, and X 1 is CH, CF or N.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is pyridyl or pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, cyano, methoxy, trifluoroethoxy and difluoromethyl, and the 5 and 6 position of the dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin ring have both the R configuration.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is selected from the group consisting of 4-pyrimidyl, 5-methoxy-pyrazyl, 5-ethoxypyrazyl, 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazyl, 5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3,5-dichloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-cyano-pyridin-2-yl, 5-methoxypyridin-3-yl and 5-cyanopyridin-3-yl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 is fluoro, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, and L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 is fluoro, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, and R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 is fluoro, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are CH, and X 1 is CH, CF or N.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 is fluoro, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is pyridyl or pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, cyano, methoxy, trifluoroethoxy and difluoromethyl, and the 5 and 6 position of the dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin ring have both the R configuration.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 is fluoro, R 4 is trifluoromethyl, L is —N(R 7 )CO— wherein R 7 is hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or cyclopropyl, and Ar is selected from the group consisting of 4-pyrimidyl, 5-methoxy-pyrazyl, 5-ethoxypyrazyl, 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazyl, 5-cyanopyridin-2-yl, 5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3,5-dichloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-fluoro-5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl, 3-chloro-5-cyano-pyridin-2-yl, 5-methoxypyridin-3-yl and 5-cyanopyridin-3-yl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, homoaryl and heteroaryl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are independently C(R 6 ) or N, provided that no more than two thereof represent N; each R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, C 1-3 alkyloxy, mono- and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyloxy;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring;
  • R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl, cyclopropyl or trifluoromethyl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are independently C(R 6 ) wherein each R 6 is selected from hydrogen and halo;
  • X 1 may also be N;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkyloxy;
  • heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, and polyhalo-C 1-3 alkyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring;
  • R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are independently C(R 6 ) wherein each R 6 is selected from hydrogen and halo;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3 alkyloxy;
  • heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, and C 1-3
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, and trifluoromethyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a cyclopropyl ring;
  • R 3 and R 4 are both hydrogen;
  • R 5 is methyl;
  • X 1 and X 3 are CH or CF
  • X 2 and X 4 are CH;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from chloro and cyano; heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, cyano, methyl, and methoxy; or an addition salt or a solvate thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, cyano, and trifluoromethyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may form a cyclopropyl ring;
  • R 3 and R 4 are both hydrogen;
  • R 5 is methyl;
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are CH;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from chloro and cyano; heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, cyano, methyl, and methoxy; or an addition salt or a solvate thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl; R 5 is methyl;
  • X 1 and X 3 are CH or CF
  • X 2 and X 4 are CH;
  • L is a bond or —N(R 7 )CO—, wherein R 7 is hydrogen;
  • Ar is homoaryl or heteroaryl; homoaryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two substituents selected from chloro and cyano; heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazyl, each optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, cyano, methyl, and methoxy; or an addition salt or a solvate thereof.
  • Halo shall denote fluoro, chloro and bromo; “C 1-3 alkyl” shall denote a straight or branched saturated alkyl group having 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms, e.g. methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl and 2-propyl; “C 1-3 alkyloxy” shall denote an ether radical wherein C 1-3 alkyl is as defined before; “mono- and polyhaloC 1-3 alkyl” shall denote C 1-3 alkyl as defined before, substituted with 1, 2, 3 or where possible with more halo atoms as defined before; “mono- and polyhaloC 1-3 alkyloxy” shall denote an ether radical wherein mono- and polyhaloC 1-3 alkyl is as defined before; “C 3-6 cycloalkyl” shall denote cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; “C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl” shall
  • subject refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who is or has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount means that amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combinations of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • the invention includes all stereoisomers of the compound of Formula (I) either as a pure stereoisomer or as a mixture of two or more stereoisomers.
  • Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A 1:1 mixture of a pair of enantiomers is a racemate or racemic mixture. Diastereomers (or diastereoisomers) are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers, i.e. they are not related as mirror images. If a compound contains a double bond, the substituents may be in the E or the Z configuration. If a compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl group, the substituents may be in the cis or trans configuration. Therefore, the invention includes enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates, E isomers, Z isomers, cis isomers, trans isomers and mixtures thereof.
  • the absolute configuration is specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system.
  • the configuration at an asymmetric atom is specified by either R or S.
  • Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is not known can be designated by (+) or ( ⁇ ) depending on the direction in which they rotate plane polarized light.
  • stereoisomer is substantially free, i.e. associated with less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10%, even more preferably less than 5%, in particular less than 2% and most preferably less than 1%, of the other isomers.
  • a compound of formula (I) is for instance specified as (R)
  • a compound of formula (I) is for instance specified as E
  • E this means that the compound is substantially free of the Z isomer
  • a compound of formula (I) is for instance specified as cis, this means that the compound is substantially free of the trans isomer.
  • the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts”.
  • Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of compounds according to this invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts.
  • alkali metal salts e.g., sodium or potassium salts
  • alkaline earth metal salts e.g., calcium or magnesium salts
  • suitable organic ligands e.g., quaternary ammonium salts.
  • acids which may be used in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, the following: acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroactic acid, acylated amino acids, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, L-aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, (+)-camphoric acid, camphorsulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, D-gluconic acid, D-glucoronic acid, L-glutamic acid, beta-oxo-glutaric acid, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, hydrobro
  • Representative bases which may be used in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, the following: ammonia, L-arginine, benethamine, benzathine, calcium hydroxide, choline, dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, ethanolamine, ethylene-diamine, N-methyl-glucamine, hydrabamine, 1H-imidazole, L-lysine, magnesium hydroxide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-morpholine, piperazine, potassium hydroxide, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, secondary amine, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, tromethamine and zinc hydroxide.
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (II) with an appropriate source of ammonia such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia, according to reaction scheme (1), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, water or methanol, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 60° C., for example for 6 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-a) where in L is —N(R 7 )CO— can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (III-a) with a compound of Formula (IV) according to reaction scheme (2), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, K 3 PO 4 , a copper catalyst such as, for example, CuI and a diamine such as for example (1R,2R)-( ⁇ )-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 180° C., for example for 135 minutes under microwave irradiation.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide
  • a suitable base such as, for example, K 3 PO 4
  • a copper catalyst such as, for example, CuI
  • a diamine such as for example (1
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-a) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (III-b) with a compound of Formula (V) according to reaction scheme (3), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, triethylamine, in the presence of a condensation agent such as for example O-(7azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate [HATU, CAS 148893-10-1], under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 25° C., for example for 2 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane
  • a suitable base such as, for example, triethylamine
  • a condensation agent such as for example O-(7azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-a) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (III-b) with a compound of Formula (VI) according to reaction scheme (4), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, pyridine, at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane
  • a suitable base such as, for example, pyridine
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-b) wherein L is a bond can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (III-a) with a compound of Formula (VII) according to reaction scheme (5), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/water/ethanol, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous K 3 PO 4 or Cs 2 CO 3 , a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-26-4] or trans-bisdicyclohexylamine)palladium diacetate [DAPCy, CAS 628339-96-8] under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for 20 hours or for example, heating the reaction
  • R 8 and R 9 may be hydrogen or alkyl, or may be taken together to form for example a bivalent radical of formula —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, or —C(CH 3 ) 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —.
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-d) wherein R 3 is fluoro and R 4 hydrogen and Formula (I-e) wherein R 3 is hydrogen and R 4 trifluoromethyl can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXII) and (XXVIII) with an appropriate source of ammonia such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia, according to reaction scheme (7), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, water or methanol, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 60° C., for example for 6 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol
  • the final compounds according to Formula (I-f) wherein L is a bond can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXV-b) with a compound of Formula (VII) according to reaction scheme (8), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/water/ethanol, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous K 3 PO 4 or Cs 2 CO 3 , a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-26-4] or trans-bisdicyclohexylamine)palladium diacetate [DAPCy, CAS 628339-96-8] under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for 20 hours or for example, heating
  • R 8 and R 9 may be hydrogen or alkyl, or may be taken together to form for example a bivalent radical of formula —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, or —C(CH 3 ) 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —.
  • the intermediates according to Formula (II), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (VIII) with a suitable sulphur donating reagent for the synthesis of thioamides such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide [Lawesson's reagent, CAS 19172-47-5], in a reaction inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 50° C., for example for 50 minutes.
  • a suitable sulphur donating reagent for the synthesis of thioamides such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphe
  • the intermediates according to Formula (VIII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (IX) with an intermediate compound of Formula (X) in the presence of a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, or a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine a reaction inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran, at ⁇ 80° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 15° C. to 25° C. for 30 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • a base such as potassium tert-butoxide, or a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • a reaction inert solvent such as for example tetrahydrofuran
  • the intermediates according to Formula (VIII-a) wherein R 2 is fluoro can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (VIII-b), wherein R 2 is hydroxy, with a fluorinating agent, such as for example (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride [DAST, CAS 38078-09-0] a reaction inert solvent, such as for example dichloromethane, at ⁇ 80° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 15° C. to 25° C. for 30 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • a fluorinating agent such as for example (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride [DAST, CAS 38078-09-0]
  • a reaction inert solvent such as for example dichloromethane
  • the intermediates according to Formula (VIII-b) wherein R 2 is hydroxy can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (IX), with an intermediate compound of Formula (XI) under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 70° C., for example for 2 hours.
  • reaction scheme (12) all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and Alk is C 1-3 alkyl.
  • the intermediate compounds of Formula (III-a) and (III-b) can generally be prepared following the reaction steps shown in the reaction scheme (13) below.
  • the amidine derivatives in the above reaction scheme may be conveniently prepared from the corresponding thioamide derivatives following art-known thioamide-to-amidine conversion procedures (reaction step A). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said thioamides with an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 60° C., for example for 6 hours.
  • an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (III-b) wherein R 7 is hydrogen in the above reaction scheme (13) can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (III-a) via copper catalyzed type coupling procedure (reaction step F).
  • Said coupling may be conducted by treatment of said intermediate compounds of Formula (III-a) with sodium azide in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, DMSO, in the presence of a mixture of suitable bases, such as, for example, dimethylethylenediamine and Na 2 CO 3 , and a copper catalyst such as, CuI, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 110° C., until completion of the reaction, for example 1 hour.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DMSO
  • suitable bases such as, for example, dimethylethylenediamine and Na 2 CO 3
  • a copper catalyst such as, CuI
  • the thioamide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (13) can be prepared from amide derivatives following art-known thionation procedures (reaction step B). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said amides with a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide [Lawesson's reagent, CAS 19172-47-5], in a reaction inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 50° C., for example for 50 minutes.
  • a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosp
  • the amide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (13) can be prepared from the beta-aminoalcohol derivatives of Formula (XV) and intermediate compound of Formula (X) following art-known cyclization procedures (reaction step C).
  • Said cyclization may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said beta-aminoalcohols with an intermediate compound of Formula (X) in the presence of a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, or a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine a reaction inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran and the like, at ⁇ 80° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 15° C. to 25° C. for 30 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • a base such as potassium tert-butoxide
  • a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-b) and (XIII-b) in the above reaction scheme (13) can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-a) and (XIII-a) following art-known Buchwald-Hartwig type coupling procedures (reaction step D).
  • Said coupling may be conducted by treatment of intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-a) and (XIII-a) with an intermediate compound of Formula (XIV) in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/water/ethanol, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous K 3 PO 4 or Cs 2 CO 3 , a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-26-4] or trans-bis(dicyclohexylamine)palladium diacetate [DAPCy, CAS 628339-96-8] under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for 20 hours or for example, heating the reaction mixture at 130° C., for example for 10 minutes under microwave irradi
  • reaction step E Said reduction may conveniently be conducted following art-known catalytic hydrogenation procedures.
  • said reduction may be carried out by stirring the reactants under a hydrogen atmosphere and in the presence of an appropriate catalyst such as, for example, palladium-on-charcoal, platinum-on-charcoal, Raney-nickel and the like catalysts.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, water, alkanols, e.g.
  • esters e.g. ethyl acetate and the like.
  • Undesired further hydrogenation of certain functional groups in the reactants and the reaction products may be prevented by the addition of a catalyst poison such as, for example, thiophene and the like, to the reaction mixture.
  • the intermediates compounds of Formula (IX), (XV-a), (XV-b) and (XV-c) can generally be prepared following art-known Strecker type procedures described in literature, followed by standard chemical transformations of the cyano group.
  • the intermediate compounds of Formula (III-c) and (III-d), wherein R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3-6 cycloalkanediyl ring can generally be prepared following the reaction steps shown in the reaction schemes (14) and (15) below.
  • the subscript n therein can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • the amidine derivatives in the above reaction scheme may be conveniently prepared from the corresponding thioamide derivatives following art-known thioamide-to-amidine conversion procedures (reaction step A). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said thioamides with an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 60° C., for example for 6 hours.
  • an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like
  • the thioamide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (14) can be prepared from amide derivatives following art-known thionation procedures (reaction step B). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said amides with a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide [Lawesson's reagent, CAS 19172-47-5], in a reaction inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 50° C., for example for 50 minutes.
  • a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosp
  • the amide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (14) can be prepared from the N-protected amide derivatives, wherein the amide protecting group can be, for example, the p-methoxybenzyl group, following art-known N-deprotection procedures of amides (reaction step G). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said N-protected amides with a suitable deprotecting agent of the amide function such as, for example, ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, in a mixture of inert solvents such as, for example, acetonitrile/water, at a moderately high temperature such as, for example, 25° C., for example for 4 hours.
  • a suitable deprotecting agent of the amide function such as, for example, ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate
  • inert solvents such as, for example, acetonitrile/water
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-e), (XIII-e) and (XVI-b) in the above reaction scheme (14) can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-d), (XIII-d) and (XVI-a) following art-known Buchwald-Hartwig type coupling procedures such as the ones described in reaction scheme (13) (reaction step D).
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-e), (XIII-e) and (XVI-b) in the above reaction scheme (14), wherein R 7 ⁇ H can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XII-f), (XIII-f) and (XVI-c) following art-known nitro-to-amino reduction procedures such as the ones described in reaction scheme (13) (reaction step E).
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XVI-a), (XVI-b) and (XVI-c) in the above reaction scheme (15) can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XVII-a), (XVII-b) and (XVII-c) following art-known intramolecular cyclization procedures (reaction step H).
  • Said intramolecular cyclization may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (XVII-a), (XVII-b) and (XVII-c) in the presence of a suitable base such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide, in a inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, at low temperature such as, for example, 0° C., for example for 30 minutes.
  • a suitable base such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide
  • a inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran
  • Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (XVIII-a), (XVIII-b) and (XVIII-c) with an intermediate compound of Formula (XIX) such as for, example, methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable base such as, for example, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, in a inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane, at low temperature such as, for example, 0° C., for example for 15 minutes.
  • an intermediate compound of Formula (XIX) such as for, example, methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride
  • a suitable base such as, for example, N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • a inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane
  • Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (XX-a), (XX-b) and (XX-c) with an intermediate compound of Formula (XXI), wherein Z 2 is a suitable alcohol protecting group such as, for example, the tetrahydropyranyl group, and Y is halo, in the presence of a suitable base such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide, in a inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, at low temperature such as, for example, 0° C., for example for 2 hours.
  • a suitable alcohol protecting group such as, for example, the tetrahydropyranyl group
  • Y is halo
  • Said cyclization may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (XXII-a), (XXII-b) and (XXII-c) with an intermediate compound of Formula (X), in the presence of a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, or a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine a reaction inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran and the like, at ⁇ 80° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 78° C. to 25° C. for 30 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • a base such as potassium tert-butoxide, or a mixture of bases such as potassium tert-butoxide/N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • a reaction inert solvent such as for example tetrahydrofuran and the like
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XVII-b), (XVIII-b) and (XX-b) in the above reaction scheme (15), wherein R 7 ⁇ H can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate compounds of Formula (XVII-c), (XVIII-c) and (XX-c) following art-known nitro-to-amino reduction procedures such as the ones described in reaction scheme (13) (reaction step E).
  • the intermediate compounds of Formula (XXIII-a), (XXIII-b) and (XXXII) can generally be prepared following the reaction steps shown in the reaction scheme (16) below.
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XXIV-a) can react in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, ethanol or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/water/ethanol, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous K 3 PO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 or Cs 2 CO 3 , a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-26-4] or trans-bisdicyclohexylamine)palladium diacetate [DAPCy, CAS 628339-96-8] or Tetrakistriphenylphosphine) palladium [CAS14221-01-3] under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for a period of time between 2-20 hours or for example,
  • reaction step L Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (XXV-a) with di-tert-butyldicarbonate, in the presence of a base such as, for example, diisopropylethyl amine, in a mixture of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane/water, stirring the reaction mixture at suitable temperature such as, for example, 25° C., for the required time to consume the starting material.
  • a base such as, for example, diisopropylethyl amine
  • inert solvents such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane/water
  • the thioamide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (16) can be prepared from amide derivatives following art-known thionation procedures (reaction step B). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said amides with a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide [Lawesson's reagent, CAS 19172-47-5], in a reaction inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture between 50-70° C., for example for 50-240 minutes.
  • a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4
  • the amidine derivatives in the above reaction scheme may be conveniently prepared from the corresponding thioamide derivatives following art-known thioamide-to-amidine conversion procedures (reaction step A). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said thioamides with an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture between 60-80° C., for example for 6-24 hours.
  • an ammonia source such as, for example, ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, water or methanol and the like
  • the intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVIII) can generally be prepared following the reaction steps shown in the reaction scheme (17) below.
  • the thioamide derivatives in the above reaction scheme (17) can be prepared from amide derivatives following art-known thionation procedures (reaction step B). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said amides with a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide [Lawesson's reagent, CAS 19172-47-5], in a reaction inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane and the like, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture between 50-70° C., for example for 50-240 minutes.
  • a thionation agent such as, for example, phosphorous pentasulfide or 2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXIX) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVII-c) following art-known hydrogenation procedures (reaction step M). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXX) with hydrogen in the presence of potassium acetate, a catalyst such as, for example, Pd—C (10%), in a reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, methanol. The mixture is stirred under hydrogen atmosphere, at suitable temperature, typically room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, typically 1 hour.
  • a catalyst such as, for example, Pd—C (10%)
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXX) in the above reaction scheme (17), can be prepared by the reaction of intermediate compounds of Formula (XXX) with an appropriate aryl-boronate or aryl boronic acid in a Suzuki type reaction (reaction step K).
  • intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVII-c) can react with an aryl-boronate or aryl boronic acid in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, ethanol or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane/water/ethanol, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous K 3 PO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 or Cs 2 CO 3 , a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-26-4] or trans-bisdicyclohexyl
  • the intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVII-a), (XXVII-b) and (XXVII-c) can generally be prepared following the reaction steps shown in the reaction scheme (18) below.
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVII-a) and (XXVII-b) in the above reaction scheme (18) can be prepared from an intermediate compound of Formula (XXVIII-a) and (XXVIII-b) following art-known fluorination procedures (reaction step N). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVIII-a) and (XXVIII-b) in the presence of a fluorinating agent such as for example diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST) in a suitable reaction inert solvent, such as for example dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, for example 0° C. for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 20-40 minutes.
  • a fluorinating agent such as for example diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST)
  • DAST diethylaminosulphur trifluoride
  • suitable reaction inert solvent such as for example dichloromethane
  • Intermediate compound of Formula (XXVII-c) in the above reaction scheme (18) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVIII-a) following art-known chlorination procedures (reaction step O). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXVII-a) with a suitable chlorinating agent such as, for example, thionyl chloride, in the presence of a base such as, for example, pyridine in a reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, for example 0° C. for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 30-60 minutes.
  • a suitable chlorinating agent such as, for example, thionyl chloride
  • a base such as, for example, pyridine
  • a reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVIII-a) of the above reaction scheme (18) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIII) following art-known trifluoromethylation procedures (reaction step P). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXIII) in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF), with a trifluoromethylating agent such as, for example, (trifluomethyl)trimethyl silane, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, for example room temperature for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example two hours.
  • TBAF tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride
  • a trifluoromethylating agent such as, for example, (trifluomethyl)trimethyl silane
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVIII-b) in the above reaction scheme (18) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIII) following art-known reduction procedures (reaction step Q). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXXIII) with a reducing agent such as, for example, diisobutylaluminium hydride, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, typically from ⁇ 78° C. to room temperature for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example two hours.
  • a reducing agent such as, for example, diisobutylaluminium hydride
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIII) in the above reaction scheme (18) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIV) following art-known two-step cyclization procedures (reaction step R). Said conversion may be conducted by first, treatment of the intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIV) with an intermediate compound of Formula (X), such as, for example, chloroacetylchloride in the presence of a base such as, for example, NaOH, in a suitable mixture of inert solvents such as, for example, water and 1,4-dioxane or water and THF. The pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to a suitable pH value, for example, 10-11, by addition of a suitable base such as, for example, NaOH.
  • a base such as, for example, NaOH.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred at a suitable temperature, for example, 0° C. to 25° C. for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 1-4 hours.
  • the obtained crude residue can subsequently be cyclised to provide the intermediate (XXXIII) by the addition of a suitable base such as, for example, K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , N,N-diisopropylethylamine or NaHCO 3 , in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, acetonitrile or DMF.
  • a suitable base such as, for example, K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , N,N-diisopropylethylamine or NaHCO 3
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as for example, acetonitrile or DMF.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 25° C. to 80° C. for 2-24 hours or for example, heating the reaction mixture at 140
  • This conversion can also be performed in the absence of a base in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, acetonitrile or DMF, at a suitable temperature, typically 40° C. to 110° C., for a period of, for example, 24-48 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as for example, acetonitrile or DMF
  • Intermediate compound of Formula (XV-d) in the above reaction scheme (19), wherein R 3 and R 4 are H and R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXV), wherein R is C 1-4 alkyl, by Grignard addition followed by reduction of carboxylic group to the corresponding alcohol function (reaction step S).
  • Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXV) with an appropriate Grignard reagent, such as, for example, methylmagnesium bromide, in a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, THF.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, for example ⁇ 10° C. for the required time to achieve consumption of the starting material, for example one hour.
  • a reducing agent such as for example lithium aluminum hydride is added and the reaction mixture is slowly warmed to 0° C. and stirred for the required time to achieve completion of the reduction reaction, typically 1 hour
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXV) in the above reaction scheme (19) can be prepared by the reaction between an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXVI) and tert-butylsulfinamide (reaction step T), in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, heptane in the presence of titanium tetraethoxide under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for a period of 2 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, heptane in the presence of titanium tetraethoxide under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 80° C., for example for a period of 2 hours.
  • R is defined as C 1-4 alkyl and all other variables are defined as in Formula (I), R 3 and R 4 are H, R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl and W is halo.
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XV-e) in the above reaction scheme (20) wherein R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen and R 5 is CF 3 can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIX) following art-known hydrolysis reactions of the carbamate function (reaction step U). Said conversion can be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXXIX) with an aqueous base such as for example sodium hydroxide (50% in water) in a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example ethanol, at suitable temperature, typically under reflux for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 24 hours.
  • an aqueous base such as for example sodium hydroxide (50% in water)
  • a reaction-inert solvent such as for example ethanol
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXIX) in the above reaction scheme (20) wherein R 5 is CF 3 can be prepared from intermediate compound of Formula (XXXVIII) by carboxylic ester reduction followed by cyclization under basic conditions (reaction step V). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXXVIII) with a reducing agent, such as for example lithium aluminium hydride, in a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, THF. The reaction mixture is stirred at a suitable temperature, for example 0° C. for the required time to achieve consumption of the starting material, for example 24 hours.
  • a reducing agent such as for example lithium aluminium hydride
  • reaction-inert solvent such as for example ethanol
  • aqueous inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXVIII) in the above reaction scheme (20) can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXVII) following art-known Grignard addition reactions (reaction step W). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate compound of Formula (XXXVII) with a suitable aryl Grignard reagent, such as, for example, 3-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide, in a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture is stirred at a suitable temperature, typically from ⁇ 78° C. to room temperature for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example two hours.
  • a suitable aryl Grignard reagent such as, for example, 3-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide
  • reaction scheme (20) all variables are defined as in Formula (I), R 3 and R 4 are H, R 5 is CF 3 and W is halo.
  • Intermediate compound of Formula (XXXIV) in the above reaction scheme (21), wherein R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXX), wherein R is defined as C 1-4 alkyl, by art-known hydrolysis reactions of the carboxylic ester function, followed by removal of the sulfinyl group (reaction step X). Said conversion can be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (XXXX) with an aqueous base, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide (1M in water) in a reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, methanol, at a suitable temperature, typically under reflux for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 4 hours.
  • an aqueous base such as, for example, sodium hydroxide (1M in water)
  • a reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, methanol
  • removal of sulfinyl group is performed by addition of a suitable inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable acid, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid at room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction for example 30 minutes.
  • a suitable inert solvent such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane
  • a suitable acid such as, for example, hydrochloric acid at room temperature
  • Intermediate compound of Formula (XXXX) in the above reaction scheme (21), wherein R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXXI) by Grignard addition (reaction step Y). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXXI) with an appropriate Grignard reagent, such as, for example, cyclopropylmagnesium bromide, in a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is stirred at suitable temperature, for example ⁇ 40° C. for the required time to achieve consumption of the starting material, for example one hour.
  • Grignard reagent such as, for example, cyclopropylmagnesium bromide
  • R is defined as C 1-4 alkyl and all other variables are defined as in Formula (I), R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl and W is halo.
  • Compounds of Formula (I-b) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXIV) via the two step (steps A and B) procedure as described in experimental procedures 9 (step B) and 1 (step A).
  • Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXXVI) in the above reaction scheme (22), can be prepared from an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXXVII) following art-known halide-to-boronate ester conversion procedures (reaction step Z). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXXVII) with, for example, a tetra(alkoxo)diboron, such as, for example, bis(pinacolato)diboron [CAS 73183-34-3] in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, DMF and 1,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, KOAc, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [CAS 72287-2
  • Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII-a) with a N-PMB protecting group, such as, for example, 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, DMF, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, sodium hydride at room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 3 hours.
  • a N-PMB protecting group such as, for example, 4-methoxybenzyl chloride
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DMF
  • a suitable base such as, for example, sodium hydride at room temperature
  • reaction scheme (22) all variables are defined as in Formula (I), R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl or cyclopropyl and W is halo.
  • An intermediate of Formula (XXXXVII) in the above reaction scheme (23) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXVI) following art-known cyclization procedures (reaction step AB). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (XXXXVI) with an appropriate condensation agent such as for example O-(7azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate [HATU, CAS 148893-10-1] or 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride [DMTMM, CAS 3945-69-5], in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, dimethylformamide, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, diisopropylethyl amine, at suitable temperature, typically room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 15-60 minutes.
  • An intermediate of Formula (XXXXVI) in the above reaction scheme (23) wherein either X 1 or X 3 is N and the other is CH, can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXV), wherein R 11 is defined as an alkyl or benzyl group, such as, for example, a tert-butyl group, following art-known hydrolysis procedures of the ester function (reaction step AC).
  • Said conversion can be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (XXXXV) with an appropriate acid, such as, for example, trifluoroacetic acid in a reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane, at a suitable temperature, typically at room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 15-60 minutes.
  • An intermediate of Formula (XXXXV) in the above reaction scheme (23) wherein either X 1 or X 3 is N and the other is CH, can be prepared from the corresponding intermediate of Formula (XXXXIII) following art-known alkylation procedures of the acid function (reaction step AD).
  • Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (XXXXIII) with an intermediate of Formula (XXXXIV), such as, for example, tert-butyl chloroacetate in the presence of a base such as for example, K 2 CO 3 or Cs 2 CO 3 and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example, acetonitrile or DMF.
  • a suitable temperature typically at room temperature for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, for example 2-6 hours.
  • reaction scheme (23) all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and either X 1 or X 3 is N and the other is CH.
  • R 11 may be C 1-6 -alkyl or benzyl.
  • Compounds of Formula (LVI) in the above reaction scheme (24) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (LV) wherein Z 1 is a suitable amidine protecting group such as, for example, the N-Boc group, following art-known N-deprotection procedures (reaction step AE). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (LV) in the presence of a suitable acid such as, for example, trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, for example dichloromethane, at room temperature, for example for 15 minutes to 2 hours.
  • a suitable acid such as, for example, trifluoroacetic acid
  • An intermediate of Formula (LV) in the above reaction scheme (24) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (LIV), following art-known coupling procedures (reaction step AF). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by reacting an intermediate of Formula (LIV) with an intermediate of Formula (V), in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, methanol, in the presence of a condensation agent such as, for example, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride [DMTMM, CAS 3945-69-5], at a suitable temperature such as, for example, 25° C., for the required time to consume the starting material, for example 2-6 hours.
  • a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, methanol
  • a condensation agent such as, for example, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride [DMTMM, CAS 3945-69-5]
  • An intermediate of Formula (LIV) in the above reaction scheme (24) wherein Z 1 is a suitable amidine protecting group such as, for example, the N-Boc group, can be prepared from intermediate compounds of Formula (LIII), following art-known N-protection procedures (reaction step L). Said conversion may conveniently be conducted by treatment of the said intermediate compounds of Formula (LIII) with a suitable N-protecting group such as, for example, di-tert-butyldicarbonate, in the presence of a base such as, for example, diisopropylethyl amine or triethylamine, in a suitable inert solvent such as THF, stirring the reaction mixture at suitable temperature such as, for example, 25° C., for the required time to consume the starting material.
  • a suitable N-protecting group such as, for example, di-tert-butyldicarbonate
  • a base such as, for example, diisopropylethyl amine or triethylamine
  • THF suitable iner
  • An intermediate of Formula (LIII) in the above reaction scheme (24) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (L) wherein W is halo via the three step (steps F, A and B) procedure as described in experimental procedures 13 (step F), 9 (step B) and 1 (step A).
  • An intermediate of Formula (L) in the above reaction scheme (24) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXIX), following art-known reductive dehalogenation procedures (reaction step AG). Said conversion may be conducted by treatment of the intermediate of Formula (XXXXIX) with a suitable reducing agent such as, for example, zinc dust and acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, for example 80° C., for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction time, for example 1-12 hours.
  • a suitable reducing agent such as, for example, zinc dust and acetic acid
  • An intermediate of Formula (XXXXIX) in the above reaction scheme (24) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXVII) via the two step (steps P and O) procedure as described in experimental procedure 17 (steps P and O).
  • reaction scheme (24) all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and either X 1 or X 3 is N, and the other is CH.
  • An intermediate of Formula (LXI) in the above reaction scheme (25) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (LVIII) wherein W is halo via the three step (steps F, A and B) procedure as described in experimental procedures 13 (step F), 9 (step B) and 1 (step A).
  • An intermediate of Formula (LVIII) in the above reaction scheme (25) can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula (XXXXVIII) via the two step (steps N and Q) procedure as described in experimental procedure 18 (steps N and Q).
  • reaction scheme (25) all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and either X 1 or X 3 is N, and the other is CH.
  • the compounds of the present invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof inhibit BACE and therefore may be useful in the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, multi-infarct dementia, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • AD Alzheimer's Disease
  • MCI mild cognitive impairment
  • senility dementia
  • dementia with Lewy bodies dementia with Lewy bodies
  • cerebral amyloid angiopathy dementia with Lewy bodies
  • cerebral amyloid angiopathy dementia with Lewy bodies
  • multi-infarct dementia dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
  • Down's syndrome dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
  • dementia associated with beta-amyloid dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • the invention relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), a stereoisomeric form thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt or a solvate thereof, for use as a medicament.
  • the invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), a stereoisomeric form thereof or a the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt or a solvate thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions selected from the group consisting of AD, MCI, senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, multi-infarct dementia, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • diseases or conditions selected from the group consisting of AD, MCI, senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, multi-infarct dementia, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), a stereoisomeric form thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt or a solvate thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of any one of the disease conditions mentioned hereinbefore.
  • Said methods comprise the administration, i.e. the systemic or topical administration, preferably oral administration, of an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomeric form thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt or solvate thereof, to a warm-blooded animal, including a human.
  • a method of treatment may also include administering the active ingredient on a regimen of between one and four intakes per day.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably formulated prior to administration.
  • suitable pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by known procedures using well known and readily available ingredients.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • Combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of Formula (I) and one or more additional therapeutic agents, as well as administration of the compound of Formula (I) and each additional therapeutic agents in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation.
  • a compound of Formula (I) and a therapeutic agent may be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent may be administered in separate oral dosage formulations.
  • the present invention also provides compositions for preventing or treating diseases in which inhibition of beta-secretase is beneficial, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, senility, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome, dementia associated with stroke, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia associated with beta-amyloid.
  • Said compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the present invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not deleterious to the recipients thereof.
  • compositions of this invention may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of the particular compound, in base form or addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for systemic administration such as oral, percutaneous or parenteral administration; or topical administration such as via inhalation, a nose spray, eye drops or via a cream, gel, shampoo or the like.
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs and solutions: or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed.
  • the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included.
  • Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed.
  • the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wettable agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not cause any significant deleterious effects on the skin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions.
  • These compositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot-on or as an ointment.
  • Dosage unit form as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • dosage unit forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
  • the exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will comprise from 0.05 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight of the active ingredient, and, from 1 to 99.95% by weight, preferably from 30 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 99.9% by weight of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, all percentages being based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the present compounds can be used for systemic administration such as oral, percutaneous or parenteral administration; or topical administration such as via inhalation, a nose spray, eye drops or via a cream, gel, shampoo or the like.
  • the compounds are preferably orally administered.
  • the exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound according to formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention.
  • suitable unit doses for the compounds of the present invention can, for example, preferably contain between 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg of the active compound.
  • a preferred unit dose is between 1 mg to about 500 mg.
  • a more preferred unit dose is between 1 mg to about 300 mg.
  • Even more preferred unit dose is between 1 mg to about 100 mg.
  • Such unit doses can be administered more than once a day, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a day, but preferably 1 or 2 times per day, so that the total dosage for a 70 kg adult is in the range of 0.001 to about 15 mg per kg weight of subject per administration.
  • a preferred dosage is 0.01 to about 1.5 mg per kg weight of subject per administration, and such therapy can extend for a number of weeks or months, and in some cases, years.
  • the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend on a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the individual being treated; the time and route of administration; the rate of excretion; other drugs that have previously been administered; and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy, as is well understood by those of skill in the area.
  • a typical dosage can be one 1 mg to about 100 mg tablet or 1 mg to about 300 mg taken once a day, or, multiple times per day, or one time-release capsule or tablet taken once a day and containing a proportionally higher content of active ingredient.
  • the time-release effect can be obtained by capsule materials that dissolve at different pH values, by capsules that release slowly by osmotic pressure, or by any other known means of controlled release.
  • compositions, methods and kits provided above, one of skill in the art will understand that preferred compounds for use in each are those compounds that are noted as preferred above. Still further preferred compounds for the compositions, methods and kits are those compounds provided in the non-limiting Examples below.
  • m.p.” means melting point
  • aq.” means aqueous
  • r.m.” means reaction mixture
  • r.t.” room temperature
  • DIPEA means N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • DIPE means diisopropylether
  • THF means tetrahydrofuran
  • DMF means dimethylformamide
  • DCM means dichloromethane
  • EtOH means ethanol
  • EtOAc means ethylacetate
  • AcOH means acetic acid
  • iPrOH means isopropanol
  • iPrNH 2 means isopropylamine
  • MeCN means acetonitrile
  • MeOH means methanol
  • Pd(OAc) 2 means palladium(II)diacetate
  • rac means racemic
  • SFC means supercritical fluid chromatography
  • the absolute configuration of chiral centers (indicated as R and/or S) were established via comparison with samples of known configuration, or the use of analytical techniques suitable for the determination of absolute configuration, such as VCD (vibrational cicular dichroism) or X-ray crystallography.
  • Trimethylsilylcyanide (20 g, 200 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-bromoacetophenone (20 g, 100 mmol) and NH 4 Cl (11 g, 200 mmol) in NH 3 /MeOH (400 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 days. Then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The solid was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to yield intermediate 1 (20 g, 86% yield) which was used in the next step without further purification.
  • Lithium aluminium hydride (1 M in THF; 22 mL, 22 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of intermediate 2 (7.5 g, 29.1 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at ⁇ 15° C. The mixture was left warming up slowly to 0° C. during 1 hour. Then more THF (150 mL) was added and sat. Na 2 SO 4 was added dropwise until no more hydrogen was formed. Then anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 was added and left stirring overnight at room temperature. The mixture was filtered over diatomaceous earth, rinsed with THF and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.
  • 1,4-Dioxane (15 mL) and sat. aq. Na 2 CO 3 (5 mL) were added to a mixture of intermediate 5 (0.5 g, 1.85 mmol), 3-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine (0.87 g, 3.70 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.214 g, 0.185 mmol). The mixture was stirred and N 2 flushed for a few minutes and then heated at 80° C. for 2 h. After cooling the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM.
  • Toluene (1.5 mL) was added to a mixture of intermediate 9 (0.05 g, 0.13 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.012 g, 0.013 mmol), rac-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (0.024 g, 0.04 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.031 g, 0.326 mmol) in a sealed tube and under nitrogen at room temperature. The mixture was flushed with nitrogen for a few minutes and then benzophenone imine (0.028 mL, 0.17 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 7 hours.
  • intermediate 9 0.05 g, 0.13 mmol
  • tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) 0.12 g, 0.013 mmol
  • Lawesson's reagent (1.23 g, 3.03 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of intermediate 12 (0.9 g, 2.53 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) at ⁇ 78° C. Then, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was diluted in DCM and washed with sat NaHCO 3 . The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo to yield intermediate 13 (1.35 g, 99% yield) as a yellow glass.
  • Lawesson's reagent (0.25 g, 0.63 mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 21 (0.17 g, 0.52 mmol) in a mixture of toluene (5 mL) and THF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 5 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; DCM). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified again by flash column chromatography (silica gel; DCM). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 22 (0.18 g, 88% yield) as a yellow oil.
  • Toluene (30 mL) was added to a mixture of intermediate 25 (1 g, 3.72 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.34 g, 0.37 mmol), rac-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (0.69 g, 1.12 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.54 g, 5.57 mmol) in a sealed tube and under nitrogen at room temperature. The mixture was flushed with nitrogen for a few minutes and then benzophenone imine (0.81 mL, 4.83 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 18 hours.
  • intermediate 29 (0.23 g, 14% yield, trans)
  • intermediate 30 (0.41 g, 24% yield, cis)
  • intermediate 31 (0.60 g, 35% yield, approx. 1:1 mixture of cis/trans diastereoisomers) as sticky white products.
  • intermediate 33 (1 g, 2.8 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (37 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 48 hours. The mixture cooled down and was then diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic layers were separated, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo. The solid material obtained was then washed with DIPE to yield intermediate 34 which was used as such in the next reaction step (1 g, 65.5%)
  • Intermediate 45 and intermediate 46 were synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A36. Starting from intermediate 44 (6 g, 19.72 mmol) intermediate 45 (0.33 g, 6% yield) and intermediate 46 (1.9 g, 35% yield) were obtained.
  • Lawesson's reagent (0.96 g, 2.38 mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 52 (0.85 g, 2.38 mmol) dissolved in THF (10 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 4 hours. Then the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered off and the organic solvent evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; heptanes/DCM 100/0 to 50/50). The desired fractions were collected and evaporated in vacuo to yield intermediate 53 (0.63 g, 71% yield) as an oil.
  • Intermediate 58 and intermediate 59 were synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A36. Starting from intermediate 57 (0.5 g, 1.28 mmol) intermediate 58 (0.035 g, 7% yield) and intermediate 59 (0.145 g, 30% yield) were obtained.
  • Titanium(IV) ethoxyde (1.32 mL, 6.17 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of (3-bromo-phenyl)-oxo-acetic acid ethylester [(CAS 81316-36-1), 1 g, 4.11 mmol] and 2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (0.598 g, 4.9 mmol) in heptanes (40 mL).
  • the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. Then it was cooled to room temperature, diluted with heptane and solid Na 2 SO 4 was added. The solids were filtered off and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo.
  • Trimethylsilylcyanide (26.8 g, 270 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-pyridinyl)-ethanone (18 g, 90 mmol) and NH 4 Cl (14.5 g, 270 mmol) in 4N NH 3 /MeOH (1000 mL). The mixture was stirred at 12° C. for 4 days. Then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was taken up in DCM (500 mL). The solid was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to yield crude intermediate 73, which was purified by column chromatography (silica; petroleum ether/EtOAc 50/). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 73 (11 g, 54% yield).
  • Racemic intermediate 85 was prepared starting from racemic intermediate 3, according to the procedures described in Examples 77-79 for intermediate 84.
  • 1,4-Dioxane (66 mL) and sat. aq. Na 2 CO 3 (19 mL) were added to a mixture of intermediate 86 (3.59 g, 6.4 mmol), pyrimidine-5-boronic acid (1.59 g, 12.8 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.74 mg, 0.64 mmol).
  • the mixture was stirred and N 2 flushed for a few minutes and then heated at 80° C. for 2 h. After cooling the mixture was diluted with water and washed with DCM. The aqueous layer was acidified with citric acid, and subsequently extracted with DCM. This organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo to yield intermediate 87 (0.89 g, 30% yield).
  • intermediate 90 was prepared according to the same reaction procedures as described for the racemic intermediate 53 in Examples A44-A49.
  • Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (69.8 mL, 233 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of (3-bromo-phenyl)-oxo-acetic acid ethylester [(CAS 81316-36-1), 40 g, 155 mmol] and (S)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (22.6 g, 187 mmol) in n-heptane (1000 mL).
  • the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 24 hours.
  • the mixture was partly concentrated in vacuo, then diluted with EtOAc.
  • the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water was added.
  • the resulting mixture was filtered over a diatomaceous earth pad and rinsed with EtOAc and water.
  • intermediate 100 (4.2 g, 13.54 mmol) in THF (55 mL) was added TBAT (0.73 g, 1.35 mmol). Then, (trifluoromethyl)trimethyl silane (4.0 mL, 27 mmol) was added dropwise, and the r.m. was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with aqueous NaCl, extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; eluens DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 0/100). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 101 (3 g, 58% yield) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, which was used as such in the next step.
  • Intermediate 109 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A89. Starting from intermediate 108 (30 g, 115 mmol) intermediate 109 was obtained as a yellow oil (40 g, 89% yield) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 110 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A90. Starting from intermediate 109 (35 g, 89 mmol) intermediate 110 was obtained as an oil (22 g, 57% yield) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 111 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A91. Starting from intermediate 110 (21 g, 48 mmol) intermediate 111 was obtained (15.5 g, 82% yield) and used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 113 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A93. Starting from intermediate 112 (10 g, 27.7 mmol) intermediate 113 was obtained as a solid (10 g, 99% yield) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 116 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A96. Starting from intermediate 115 (6.5 g, 19.69 mmol) intermediate 116 was obtained as solid material (6 g, 92% yield; mixture of diastereoisomers 63/37) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 120 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A99. Starting from intermediate 118 (1.7 g, 5.133 mmol) intermediate 120 was obtained as an oil (0.81 g, 59% yield).
  • Intermediate 123 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A97. Starting from intermediate 122 (2.2 g, 6.04 mmol) intermediate 123 was obtained as a white solid (1.8 g) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 124 and intermediate 125 were synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A98. Starting from intermediate 123 (1.5 g, 3.95 mmol) intermediate 124 (0.4 g, 28% yield) and intermediate 125 (0.53 g, 37% yield) were obtained.
  • Intermediate 126 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A99. Starting from intermediate 124 (0.6 g, 1.652 mmol) intermediate 126 was obtained as an oil (0.35 g, 71% yield) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 129 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A114. Starting from intermediate 128 (6.4 g, 15.3 mmol) intermediate 129 was obtained (4.1 g) and used as such in the next reaction.
  • Intermediate 131 and intermediate 132 were synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A111. Starting from intermediate 130 (4 g, 10 mmol) intermediate 131 (2.5 g, 65% yield) and intermediate 132 (1 g, 26% yield) were obtained.
  • Intermediate 133 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A99. Starting from intermediate 131 (2.5 g, 6.6 mmol) intermediate 133 was obtained as an oil (2 g, 96% yield).
  • Intermediate 134 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A108. Starting from intermediate 100 (23.3 g, 75 mmol) intermediate 134 was obtained (19 g, 81% yield; mixture of diastereoisomers 55/45) which was used as such in the next reaction step.
  • Intermediate 136 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A97. Starting from intermediate 135 (5.3 g, 16.87 mmol) intermediate 136 was obtained (4.5 g, 81% yield) as a mixture of diastereomers.
  • Intermediate 137 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A111. Starting from intermediate 136 (4 g, 12.1 mmol) intermediate 137 was obtained (3.44 g, 91% yield) as a mixture of diastereomers.
  • Intermediate 138 and intermediate 139 were synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A99. Starting from intermediate 137 (3 g, 9.56 mmol) intermediate 138 (0.16 g, 7% yield) and a fraction containing a mixture of intermediate 138 and 139 (1 g, 42% yield; mixture of diastereoisomers) were obtained.
  • HATU (9.7 g, 25.5 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of intermediate 150 (6 g, 23.2 mmol) and DIPEA (12 mL, 69.6 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between DCM and sat. aq. NaHCO 3 solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; EtOAc/DCM). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 151 (1.1 g, 19% yield) as white crystals.
  • Intermediate 153 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A96. Starting from intermediate 152 (0.265 g, 0.71 mmol) intermediate 153 was obtained (0.164 g, 94% yield; mixture of diastereoisomers).
  • Intermediate 154 was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example A97. Starting from intermediate 153 (0.374 g, 1.53 mmol) intermediate 154 was obtained (0.389 g, 98% yield; mixture of diastereoisomers).
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 3/97). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM and converted into the trifluoroacetate salt. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the product was triturated with DIPE to yield compound 1 (0.12 g, 62% yield) as a white solid.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 3/97). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (C18 XBridge 19 ⁇ 100 5 um), mobile phase (gradient from 80% 0.1% NH 4 CO 3 H/NH 4 OH pH 9 solution in Water, 20% CH 3 CN to 0% 0.1% NH 4 CO 3 H/NH 4 OH pH 9 solution in Water, 100% CH 3 CN), and re-purified under other mobile phase conditions (gradient from 80% 0.1% NH 4 CO 2 CH 3 solution in Water, 20% CH 3 CN to 0% 0.1% NH 4 CO 2 CH 3 solution in Water, 100% CH 3 CN) to give compound 2 (0.031 g, 14% yield) as a solid.
  • 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (3 mL), water (1.5 mL) and EtOH (0.5 mL) were added to a mixture of intermediate 9 (0.135 g, 0.352 mmol), pyrimidine-5-boronic acid (0.052 g, 0.423 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloro-palladium (II) (0.026 g, 0.035 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.34 g, 1.06 mmol) in a sealed tube and under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 10 minutes under microwave irradiation. After cooling the mixture was diluted with water and saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 and extracted with DCM.
  • the organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 4/96). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and TFA (0.2 mL) was added. The mixture was mixed well and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; MeOH/1% solution of TFA in DCM 0/100 to 10/90). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo and the product was triturated with Et 2 O and washed with EtOAc to yield compound 3 (0.022 g, 16% yield) as a white solid.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 5/95). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) and TFA (0.2 mL) was added. The mixture was mixed well and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; MeOH/1% solution of TFA in DCM 0/100 to 7/93). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The product was dissolved in DCM and washed with saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 . The organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo and the product was triturated with heptane to yield compound 4 (0.056 g, 29% yield) as an off white solid.
  • HATU (0.024 g, 0.064 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of intermediate 10 (0.012 g, 0.058 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (0.010 g, 0.064 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, Et 3 N (0.010 mL, 0.070 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for a further 15 minutes. The mixture was diluted with water and saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo.
  • 3-Fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.120 g, 0.853 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of intermediate 10 (0.125 g, 0.609 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at room temperature. Then N,N-dimethylaniline (0.108 mL, 0.853 mmol) was added and after stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes HATU (0.301 g, 0.792 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was diluted with water and aqueous saturated Na 2 CO 3 and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo.
  • Potassium phosphate tribasic (anhydrous) (0.12 g, 0.56 mmol), copper(I) iodide (0.003 g, 0.014 mmol) and (1R,2R)-( ⁇ )-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (0.003 g, 0.028 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of intermediate 14 (0.1 g, 0.28 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide (0.044 g, 0.28 mmol) in degassed DMF (1 mL) in a sealed tube and under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 180° C. for 135 minutes under microwave irradiation.
  • the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), aqueous saturated NH 4 OH (20 mL), DCM (50 mL) and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM.
  • the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvents evaporated in vacuo.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0.5/99.5). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized with Et 2 O (0.5 mL).
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 4/96). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting product was triturated with DIPE, filtered and dried. The product was purified again by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/EtOAc 0/100 to 4/96). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield compound 12 (0.16 g, 41% yield).
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 4/96). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (C18 XBridge 19 ⁇ 100 5 um), mobile phase (gradient from 80% 0.1% NH 4 CO 3 H/NH 4 OH pH 9 solution in Water, 20% CH 3 CN to 0% 0.1% NH 4 CO 3 H/NH 4 OH pH 9 solution in Water, 100% CH 3 CN)
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 4/96). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was triturated with heptane to yield compound 20 (0.129 g, 39% yield; trans isomer) as a white solid. The remaining fractions were combined and re-purified flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 3/97). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield compound 151 (0.049 g, 15% yield; cis isomer) as a white solid.
  • Example B16 Compound of the Example B16, was synthesized following the same approach described in the Example B15. Starting from intermediate 55 (0.2 g, 0.24 mmol), compound 107 (0.085 g, 82% yield) was obtained as solid compound.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel; 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol/DCM 0/100 to 10/90). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified further by preparative HPLC (RP Sunfire Prep C180BD-10 ⁇ M 30 ⁇ 150 mm), mobile phase (a gradient from 0.5% NH 4 OAc solution in water+10% MeCN to MeCN).
  • preparative HPLC RP Sunfire Prep C180BD-10 ⁇ M 30 ⁇ 150 mm
  • mobile phase a gradient from 0.25% NH 4 HCO 3 solution in water to MeCN

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