TWI584733B - 包含阿巴汀之農藥混合物、其用途及使用該混合物之方法 - Google Patents
包含阿巴汀之農藥混合物、其用途及使用該混合物之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N temephos Chemical compound C1=CC(OP(=S)(OC)OC)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(OP(=S)(OC)OC)C=C1 WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradifon Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004496 thiazol-5-yl group Chemical group S1C=NC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyclam Chemical compound CN(C)C1CSSSC1 DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodicarb Chemical compound CSC(C)=NOC(=O)NSNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiometon Chemical compound CCSCCSP(=S)(OC)OC OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004061 uncoupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於協同混合物,其包括(作為活性組份)
及
M.1. 選自由以下組成之群之有機(硫代)磷酸酯類化合物:毆殺松(acephate)、亞滅松(azamethiphos)、益棉磷(azinphos-ethyl)、穀速松(azinphos-methyl)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、克芬松(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、陶斯松(chlorpyrifos)、甲基陶斯松(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、濶馬磷(coumaphos)、氰乃松(cyanophos)、滅賜松(demeton-S-methyl)、大利松(diazinon)、二氯松(dichlorvos)/DDVP、雙特松(dicrotophos)、大滅松(dimethoate)、甲基毒蟲畏(dimethylvinphos)、二硫松(disulfoton)、EPN、愛殺松(ethion)、滅線磷(ethoprophos)、胺磺磷(famphur)、芬滅松(fenamiphos)、撲滅松(fenitrothion)、芬殺松(fenthion)、氟定菌磷(flupyrazophos)、福賽絕(fosthiazate)、飛達松(heptenophos)、加福松(isoxathion)、馬拉硫磷(malathion)、滅蚜磷(mecarbam)、達馬松(methamidophos)、滅大松(methidathion)、美文松(mevinphos)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、毆滅松(omethoate)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、巴拉松(parathion)、甲基巴拉松(parathion-methyl)、賽達松(phenthoate)、福瑞松(phorate)、裕必松(phosalone)、益滅松(phosmet)、福賜米松(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、蟲蟎磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、佈飛松(profenofos)、胺丙畏(propetamphos)、普硫松(prothiofos)、白克松(pyraclofos)、必芬松(pyridaphenthion)、拜裕松(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、亞培松(temephos)、托福松(terbufos)、殺蟲畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三落松(triazophos)、三氯松(trichlorfon)及繁米松(vamidothion);
M.2. 選自由以下組成之群之胺基甲酸酯類化合物:得滅克(aldicarb)、棉鈴威(alanycarb)、免敵克(bendiocarb)、免扶克(benfuracarb)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、丁酮碸威(butoxycarboxim)、加保利(carbaryl)、加保扶(carbofuran)、丁基加保扶(carbosulfan)、愛芬克(ethiofencarb)、丁基滅必蝨(fenobucarb)、覆滅蟎(formetanate)、呋線威(furathiocarb)、異丙威(isoprocarb)、滅蟲威(methiocarb)、納乃得(methomyl)、治滅蝨(metolcarb)、毆殺滅(oxamyl)、比加普(pirimicarb)、安丹(propoxur)、硫敵克(thiodicarb)、硫伐隆(thiofanox)、混滅威(trimethacarb)、XMC、滅爾蝨(xylylcarb)及唑蚜威(triazamate);
M.3. 選自由以下組成之群之擬除蟲菊酯類化合物:阿納寧(acrinathrin)、丙烯除蟲菊(allethrin)、右旋-順-反丙烯除蟲菊、右旋-反丙烯除蟲菊、畢芬寧(bifenthrin)、百亞列寧(bioallethrin)、S-環戊烯基百亞列寧、右旋反滅蟲菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、賽扶寧(cyfluthrin)、β-賽扶寧、賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、λ-賽扶寧、γ-賽扶寧、賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、α-賽滅寧、β-賽滅寧、θ-賽滅寧、ζ-賽滅寧、賽酚寧(cyphenothrin)、第滅寧(deltamethrin)、益避寧(empenthrin)、益化利(esfenvalerate)、依芬寧(ethofenprox)、芬普寧(fenpropathrin)、芬化利(fenvalerate)、護賽寧(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、τ-福化利(tau-fluvalinate)、合芬寧(halfenprox)、依普寧(imiprothrin)、美特寧(metofluthrin)、百滅寧(permethrin)、酚丁滅寧(phenothrin)、普亞列寧(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、除蟲菊素(pyrethrin)(除蟲菊(pyrethrum))、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、矽護芬(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、治滅寧(tetramethrin)、泰滅寧(tralomethrin)及拜富寧(transfluthrin);M.4. 選自由以下組成之群之保幼激素模擬物:烯蟲乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、美賜平(methoprene)、芬諾克(fenoxycarb)及百利普芬(pyriproxyfen);
M.5. 由以下組成之菸鹼受體激動劑/拮抗劑化合物:亞滅培(acetamiprid)、免速達(bensultap)、培丹鹽酸鹽(cartap hydrochloride)、可尼丁(clothianidin)、達特南(dinotefuran)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、尼古丁(nicotine)、賜諾殺(spinosad)(變構性激動劑)、賜諾特(spinetoram)(變構性激動劑)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、硫賜安(thiocyclam)、殺蟲雙(thiosultap-sodium)及AKD1022(亦即1-[(2-氯-1,3-噻唑-5-基)甲基]-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-氫化三嗪-2-亞胺);
M.6. 選自由以下組成之群之GABA閘控氯離子通道拮抗劑化合物:氯丹(chlordane)、安殺番(endosulfan)、γ-HCH(靈丹(lindane))、乙蟲清(ethiprole)、芬普尼(fipronil)、比氟普魯(pyrafluprole)及比普魯(pyriprole);
M.7. 選自由以下組成之群之氯離子通道激活劑:阿巴汀(abamectin)、因滅汀苯甲酸鹽(emamectin benzoate)、密滅汀(milbemectin)及萊培菌素(lepimectin);
M.8. 選自由以下組成之群之METI I化合物:芬殺蟎(fenazaquin)、芬普蟎(fenpyroximate)、畢汰芬(pyrimidifen)、畢達本(pyridaben)、得芬瑞(tebufenpyrad)、脫芬瑞(tolfenpyrad)、氟酚瑞姆(flufenerim)及魚藤酮(rotenone);
M.9. 選自由以下組成之群之METI II及III化合物:亞醌蟎(acequinocyl)、氟克瑞姆(fluacyprim)及愛美松(hydramethylnon);
M.10. 選自由以下組成之群之氧化性磷酸化之解偶聯劑:克凡派(chlorfenapyr)及DNOC(亦即4,6-二硝基-2-甲基苯酚);
M.11. 選自由以下組成之群之氧化性磷酸化抑制劑:亞環錫(azocyclotin)、錫蟎丹(cyhexatin)、汰芬隆(diafenthiuron)、芬佈賜(fenbutatin oxide)、毆蟎多(propargite)及得脫蟎(tetradifon);
M.12. 選自由以下組成之群之蛻皮干擾劑:賽滅淨(cyromazine)、可芬諾(chromafenozide)、合芬隆(halofenozide)、滅芬諾(methoxyfenozide)及得芬諾(tebufenozide);
M.13. 選自由胡椒基丁醚(piperonyl butoxide)及脫葉磷(tribufo)組成之群之增效劑;
M.14. 選自由因得克(indoxacarb)及美氟綜(metaflumizone)組成之群之鈉通道阻斷劑化合物;
M.15. 選自由以下組成之群之薰蒸劑:溴化甲烷、氣化苦(chloropicrin)及磺醯氟;
M.16. 選自由以下組成之群之選擇性進食阻斷劑:冰晶石(cryolite)、派滅淨(pymetrozine)及氟尼胺(flonicamid);
M.17. 選自由以下組成之群之蟎蟲生長抑制劑:克芬蟎(clofentezine)、合賽多(hexythiazox)及依殺蟎(etoxazole);
M.18. 選自由以下組成之群之幾丁質合成抑制劑:布芬淨(buprofezin)、雙三氟蟲脲(bistrifluron)、克福隆(chlorfluazuron)、二福隆(diflubenzuron)、氟環脲(flucycloxuron)、氟芬隆(flufenoxuron)、六伏隆(hexaflumuron)、祿芬隆(lufenuron)、諾伐隆(novaluron)、多氟虫酰脲(noviflumuron)、得福隆(teflubenzuron)及殺鈴脲(triflumuron);
M.19. 選自由以下組成之群之脂質生物合成抑制劑:賜派芬(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)及螺蟲乙酯(spirotetramat);及
M.20. 章魚胺能(octapaminergic)激動劑雙甲脒(amitraz);及
M.21. 選自由以下組成之群之雷諾定(ryanodine)受體調節劑:氟蟲醯胺(flubendiamide)及鄰苯二甲醯胺化合物(R)-,(S)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基)-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺醯基乙基)鄰苯二甲醯胺(M21.1);
M.22. 選自由以下組成之群之異噁唑啉化合物:4-[5-(3,5-二氯-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-吡啶-2-基甲基-苯甲醯胺(M22.1)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-苯甲醯胺(M22.2)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-[(2,2,2-三氟-乙基胺甲醯基)-甲基]-苯甲醯胺(M22.3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-萘-1-甲酸[(2,2,2-三氟-乙基胺甲醯基)-甲基]-醯胺(M22.4)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-N-[(甲氧基亞胺基)甲基]-2-甲基苯甲醯胺(M22.5)、4-[5-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-[(2,2,2-三氟-乙基胺甲醯基)-甲基]-苯甲醯胺(M22.6)、4-[5-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-萘-1-甲酸[(2,2,2-三氟-乙基胺甲醯基)-甲基]-醯胺(M22.7)及5-[5-(3,5-二氯-4-氟-苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氫-異噁唑-3-基]-2-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基-苄腈(M22.8);
M.23. 選自由以下組成之群之胺基苯甲醯胺化合物:氯斯胺普(chloranthraniliprole)、氰蟲醯胺(cyantraniliprole)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[4-氰基-2-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-6-甲基-苯基]-醯胺(M23.1)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-氯-4-氰基-6-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-苯基]-醯胺(M23.2)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-溴-4-氰基-6-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-苯基]-醯胺(M23.3)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-溴-4-氯-6-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-苯基]-醯胺(M23.4)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2,4-二氯-6-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-苯基]-醯胺(M23.5)、5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[4-氯-2-(1-環丙基-乙基胺甲醯基)-6-甲基-苯基]-醯胺(M23.6)、N'-(2-{[5-溴-4-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-5-氯-3-甲基-苯甲醯基)-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.7)、N'-(2-{[5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-5-氯-3-甲基-苯甲醯基)-N'-甲基-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.8)、N'-(2-{[5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-5-氯-3-甲基-苯甲醯基)-N,N'-二甲基-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.9)、N'-(3,5-二溴-2-{[5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-苯甲醯基)-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.10)、N'-(3,5-二溴-2-{[5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-苯甲醯基)-N'-甲基-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.11)及N'-(3,5-二溴-2-{[5-溴-2-(3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-羰基]-胺基}-苯甲醯基)-N,N'-二甲基-肼甲酸甲酯(M23.12);
M.24. 選自由以下組成之群之丙二腈化合物:2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)-2-(3,3,3-三氟-丙基)丙二腈(CF2H-CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF3)(M24.1)及2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)-2-(3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基)-丙二腈(CF2H-CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF2-CF3)(M24.2);
M.25. 選自由以下組成之群之微生物干擾劑:蘇雲金芽孢桿菌以色列亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensi)、球形桿菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、蘇雲金芽孢桿菌鯰澤亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai)、蘇雲金芽孢桿菌庫斯克亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki)及蘇雲金芽孢桿菌擬步行甲亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebrionis);
M.26. 選自由以下組成之群之胺基呋喃酮化合物:4-{[(6-溴吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.1)、4-{[(6-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.2)、4-{[(2-氯1,3-噻唑并-5-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.3)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.4)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.5)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.6)、4-{[(5,6-二氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.7)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](環丙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.8)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](環丙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.9)及4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M26.10);
M.27. 選自由以下組成之群之殺昆蟲劑:磷化鋁、醯胺氟米特(amidoflumet)、本氯噻(benclothiaz)、西脫蟎(benzoximate)、必芬蟎(bifenazate)、硼砂(borax)、新殺蹣(bromopropylate)、氰化物、賽諾若酚(cyenopyrafen)、賽芬蟎(cyflumetofen)、滅蟎猛(chinomethionate)、大克蟎(dicofol)、氟乙酸酯、膦、啶蟲丙醚(pyridalyl)、比氟喹腙(pyrifluquinazon)、硫、有機硫化合物、酒石酸銻鉀(tartare metic)、磺醯沙氟(sulfoxaflor)、N-R'-2,2-二鹵基-1-R"環-丙烷甲醯胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟-對甲苯基)腙或N-R'-2,2-二(R''')丙醯胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟-對甲苯基)-腙(其中R'係甲基或乙基,鹵基係氯或溴,R"係氫或甲基且R'''係甲基或乙基)、8-(2-環丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-噠嗪-3-基)-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛烷(M27.3);及
M28:選自由以下組成之群之桿菌物種:堅強芽孢桿菌(Bacillus firmus)CNCM 1-1582及仙人掌桿菌(Bacillus cereus)菌株CNCM 1-1562;
其中化合物I與化合物II之重量比率為1:500至500:1、經常1:100至100:1、特定而言1:50至50:1且尤其1:25至25:1。
該等上文所提及混合物在下文中亦稱為「本發明混合物」。
本發明混合物顯示針對動物害蟲(例如針對無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲,特定而言針對節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲或蟎蟲,且尤其針對昆蟲)之協同作用,亦即本發明混合物針對該等害蟲之活性高於自個別化合物針對該等害蟲之已知活性所預期者。
因此,本發明亦係關於本文所述混合物在控制動物害蟲(特定而言係無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲,尤其係節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲及蟎蟲)中之用途。
另外,本發明係關於使用本發明混合物控制害蟲(此係指包含植物致病動物害蟲(特定而言係無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲,尤其係節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲及蟎蟲))之方法及化合物I與化合物II在製備該等混合物中之用途、以及包括該等混合物之組合物。
在一實施例中,本發明提供控制植物致病動物害蟲(特定而言係無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲,尤其係節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲及蟎蟲)之方法,其包括使該動物害蟲(昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲)或其食源、棲息地、繁殖地或其所在地與殺害蟲有效量之本發明混合物接觸。
另外,在另一實施例中,本發明亦係關於保護植物免受植物致病動物害蟲(特定而言係無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲,尤其係節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲及蟎蟲)侵襲或侵擾之方法,包括使植物、或植物生長之土壤或水、或植物繁殖材料與殺害蟲有效量之本發明混合物接觸。
較佳地,本發明亦包括保護植物繁殖材料免受動物害蟲(特定而言係無脊椎動物害蟲,例如昆蟲、蜘蛛或線蟲,尤其係節肢動物害蟲,例如昆蟲及蟎蟲)影響之方法,其包括使該等植物繁殖材料與殺害蟲有效量之本發明混合物接觸。本發明亦包括使用本發明混合物處理之植物繁殖材料。
術語「植物繁殖材料」應理解為表示諸如種子等所有植物生殖性部分及諸如插條及塊莖(例如馬鈴薯)等營養性植物材料,其可用於繁殖植物。此包含種子、根、果實、塊莖、球莖、根狀莖、嫩枝及其他植物各部分,包含在萌芽或自土壤出苗後移植之幼苗及幼株。該等幼株亦可在移植前藉由浸漬或澆注進行全部或部分處理而對其加以保護。在一尤佳實施例中,術語繁殖材料表示種子。
本發明進一步係關於具有改良植物健康之協同增強作用之植物保護性活性成份混合物及改良植物健康及/或增加產率的方法,其中使用有效量之本發明混合物處理植物、已種植或計畫種植植物之所在地或長成該植物之植物繁殖材料。
通常已知化合物I及II以及其殺蟲作用及其產生方法。
舉例而言,II類市售化合物尤其可參見出版物農藥手冊(The Pesticide Manual),第14版,British Crop Protection Council(2006)。
雙氧磷(paraoxon)及其製備已闡述於Farm Chemicals Handbook,第88卷,Meister Publishing Company,2001中。吡氟硫磷(flupyrazofos)已闡述於Pesticide Science 54,1988,第237-243頁及US 4822779中。AKD 1022及其製備已闡述於US 6300348中。胺基苯甲醯胺M23.1至M23.6已闡述於WO 2008/72743及WO 200872783中,該等M23.7至M23.12已闡述於WO2007/043677中。鄰苯二甲醯胺M 21.1係自WO 2007/101540已知。炔基醚化合物M27.1闡述於(例如)JP 2006131529中。有機硫化合物已闡述於WO 2007060839中。異噁唑啉化合物M 22.1至M 22.8已闡述於(例如)WO2005/085216、WO 2007/079162、WO 2007/026965、WO 2009/126668及WO2009/051956中。胺基呋喃酮化合物M 26.1至M 26.10已闡述於(例如)WO 2007/115644中。丙二腈化合物(例如彼等(M24.1)及(M24.2))已闡述於WO 02/089579、WO 02/090320、WO 02/090321、WO 04/006677、WO 05/068423、WO 05/068432及WO 05/063694中。式I化合物(其具有IPAC名稱環丙烷甲酸[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-(環丙烷羰基氧基)-6,12-二羥基-4,6a,12b-三甲基-11-側氧基-9-(吡啶-3-基)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12a,12b-十氫-11H,12H-苯并[f]吡喃并[4,3-b]烯-4-基]甲酯)以及其殺蟲作用已闡述於WO 2006/129714及WO 2009/081851中,其殺昆蟲混合物已闡述於WO 2008/108491中且產生該化合物之方法(例如)揭示於WO 2009/022702中。
堅強芽孢桿菌CNCM 1-1582孢子及/或仙人掌桿菌菌株CNCM 1-1562孢子揭示於美國專利第6,406,690號中,其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
害蟲控制領域中出現之一典型問題在於需要減小活性成份之劑量率以減少或避免不利之環境或毒理學效應同時仍可有效控制害蟲。
遇到之另一問題涉及需要具有可用之害蟲控制劑以有效抵抗寬範圍之害蟲。
亦需要兼有立即產生之活性以及延時控制(亦即,具有長效作用之快速作用)之害蟲控制劑。
與使用殺蟲劑相關之另一困難在於重複且排他性地施加個別農藥化合物會導致在許多情形下快速選擇動物害蟲,此會對所述活性化合物產生天然或適應抗性。因此,需要可幫助預防或克服抗性之害蟲控制劑。
本發明之另一潛在問題在於期望改良植物之組合物,此改良過程通常且在下文中稱為「植物健康」。
術語「植物健康」包括對植物實施之與害蟲控制無關的各種改良。舉例而言,可提及之有利性質係包含以下之改良作物特性:出苗、作物產率、蛋白質含量、油含量、澱粉含量、增強根系(改良根生長)、改良逆境耐受力(例如對於乾旱、熱、鹽、UV、水、寒冷之抗性)、減少乙烯(減少產生及/或抑制接受)、分蘖增加、增加植物高度、較大葉片、較少死亡基生葉、強壯分蘖枝、增綠葉色、色素含量、光合成活性、較少所需輸入(例如肥料或水)、需要較少種子、生產力更高之蘖、提早開花、提早穀物成熟、較低植物拔節(倒伏)、增加枝條生長、增強植物活力、增加植物林分及提早及更佳發芽、或熟習此項技術者熟知之任一其他優點。
若結合植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)之處理一起使用,則術語「植物健康」等同於「種子生活力」。種子生活力表現為多種因素。植物生活力之表現因素之實例係:
(a)總視覺外觀;
(b)根生長及/或根發育;
(c)葉面積大小;
(d)葉片綠色著色之強度;
(e)地面附近死亡葉之數量;
(f)植物高度;
(g)植物重量;
(h)生長速率;
(i)植物林分密度;
(j)萌芽行為;
(k)出苗行為;
(l)枝條數量;
(m)枝條類型(品質及生產力)
(n)植物韌度,例如對生物性或非生物性逆境之抗性;
(o)出現壞死;
(p)老化行為。
較佳地,術語「種子生活力」表示植物林分密度、種子儲存性及/或萌芽行為。
作物保護中諸多努力之另一目標係增加植物產率。
「產率」意欲理解為藉由諸如以下植物產生之具有經濟價值之任一植物產物:穀物、本來意義下之水果、蔬菜、堅果、穀物、種子、木材(例如在林業植物之情形下)或甚至花(例如在園藝植物、觀賞性植物之情形下)。此外,可在收穫後進一步利用及/或處理植物產物。
根據本發明,植物、尤其農業、林業及/或園藝植物,較佳為農業植物之「增加之產率」意指相應植物之產物產率較在相同條件、但並不施加本發明混合物下產生之相同植物產物的產率增加可量測量。
增加之產率之特徵可尤其在於下列改良之植物性質:
‧ 增加之植物重量
‧ 增加之植物高度
‧ 增加之生物質,例如較高之總鮮重(FW)
‧ 較高穀物產率
‧ 更多蘖
‧ 較大葉
‧ 增加之枝條生長
‧ 增加之蛋白質含量
‧ 增加之油含量
‧ 增加之澱粉含量
‧ 增加之色素含量。
根據本發明,產率增加至少2%,較佳為至少4%、更佳至少8%、甚至更佳至少16%。
EP 2119361及EP 2223599揭示了若干殺蟲混合物,其可尤其包括式I化合物。
然而,其中並未揭示具體發明性混合物以及如在開頭所定義之顯著協同殺蟲及/或植物健康作用,且亦未揭示該等組合可能具有且尤其具有在種子處理應用中之適合性。
因此,本發明目標係提供殺蟲混合物,該等殺蟲混合物可解決以下問題:減小劑量率及/或增強活性譜及/或組合立即產生之活性與延時控制及/或抗性管控及/或促進植物健康。
本發明目標亦係提供增強植物健康之方法。
我們發現,藉由在開頭及下文中所定義包括活性化合物之混合物來部分或完全地達成此目標。
在本文中,我們已發現增強植物健康之方法,其中使用有效量之式I化合物處理植物、已種植或計畫種植植物之所在地或長成該植物之植物繁殖材料,其中較佳地使用有效量之式I化合物處理長成該植物之植物繁殖材料。植物繁殖材料之該後一處理使得可增加種子生活力。
我們亦發現增強植物健康之方法,其中使用有效量之式I化合物及一或多種化合物II來處理植物、已種植或計畫種植植物之所在地或長成該植物之植物繁殖材料,其中較佳地,使用有效量之式I化合物及一或多種化合物II來處理長成該植物之植物繁殖材料。植物繁殖材料之該後一處理使得可增加種子生活力。
已發現,與個別化合物可能具有之控制率相比,在開頭所定義之混合物顯示針對動物害蟲(例如昆蟲、蜘蛛或線蟲)之顯著增強作用,及/或在施加至植物、植物各部分、植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)、或其生長所在地時適於改良植物健康。
已發現,本發明混合物之作用遠優於混合物中單獨存在之活性化合物的殺蟲作用(針對昆蟲、蜘蛛或線蟲之作用)及/或植物健康改良作用(協同作用)。
特定而言,已發現,若以種子處理形式施加,則本發明混合物之作用遠優於混合物中單獨存在之活性化合物的殺蟲(針對昆蟲、蜘蛛或線蟲之作用)及/或植物健康改良作用(協同作用)。
因此,在施加至植物、植物各部分、種子、或其生長所在地,較佳為植物及植物繁殖材料、更佳地種子時,該等混合物亦適於改良植物健康。
另外,我們發現,與個別化合物可能具有之控制率相比,同時(亦即聯合或分開)施加化合物I及化合物II或依序施加化合物I及化合物II使得可增強對動物害蟲之控制(協同殺蟲混合物)。
另外,我們發現,與個別化合物可能具有之植物健康效應相比,同時(亦即聯合或分開)施加化合物I及化合物II或依序施加化合物I及化合物II可提供增強之植物健康效應(協同混合物,其中協同作用係植物健康協同作用)。
在下文中,將式I化合物稱為「化合物I」。
一般而言,包括殺昆蟲化合物I及化合物II之個別混合物的重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.3、且尤其選自α-賽滅寧、畢芬寧、賽滅寧、第滅寧、護賽寧、λ-賽扶寧、七氟菊酯及百滅寧之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物,其中化合物I及群M.3化合物特定而言以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.3之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者係包括化合物I及畢芬寧或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及畢芬寧較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與畢芬寧之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者亦係包括化合物I及α-賽滅寧或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及α-賽滅寧較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與α-賽滅寧之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.5之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物,該殺蟲劑較佳選自由免速達、培丹鹽酸鹽、烯啶蟲胺、尼古丁、賜諾殺、賜諾特、賽果培、硫賜安、殺蟲雙及AKD1022組成之群,尤其選自由亞滅培、可尼丁、達特南、益達胺、賽速安、烯啶蟲胺、賜諾殺、賜諾特及賽果培組成之群且尤其選自由烯啶蟲胺、賜諾殺、賜諾特及賽果培組成之群。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.5之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.5之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者係包括化合物I及賜諾殺或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及賜諾殺較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與賜諾殺之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.6、且尤其選自由乙蟲清及芬普尼組成之群之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.6之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.6之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者係包括化合物I及乙蟲清或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及乙蟲清較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與乙蟲清之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者亦係包括化合物I及芬普尼或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及芬普尼較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與芬普尼之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及派滅淨或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及派滅淨較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與派滅淨之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.7、且尤其選自由阿巴汀、因滅汀苯甲酸鹽、密滅汀及萊培菌素組成之群之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.7之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.7之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
尤佳者亦係包括化合物I及阿巴汀或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及阿巴汀較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與阿巴汀之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.14、且尤其美氟綜之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.14之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.14之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.23、且尤其選自氯斯胺普及氰蟲醯胺之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.23之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.23之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及選自群M.26、且尤其4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(化合物M.26.5)之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。在該等混合物中,化合物I及選自群M.26之化合物較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物M.26之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括化合物I及磺醯沙氟或由其組成之混合物。在此混合物中,化合物I及磺醯沙氟較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與磺醯沙氟之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
較佳者亦係包括協同有效量之化合物I及選自群M.28、且尤其選自堅強芽孢桿菌CNCM 1-1582之殺蟲劑(作為化合物II)的混合物。
本發明一特定實施例係關於包括化合物I及農藥化合物II或由其組成之混合物,其中該化合物II選自由以下組成之群:阿巴汀、畢芬寧、α-賽滅寧、美氟綜、派滅淨、氯斯胺普、氰蟲醯胺、磺醯沙氟、賜諾殺及4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮。在該等混合物中,化合物I及化合物II較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
本發明另一特定實施例係關於包括化合物I及農藥化合物II或由其組成之混合物,其中該化合物II選自由以下組成之群:阿巴汀、畢芬寧、及4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮。在該等混合物中,化合物I及化合物II較佳以協同有效量存在,化合物I與化合物II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
如開頭所述,在一較佳實施例中,將本發明混合物用於種子處理。出於種子處理之目的,下列混合物較佳:包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及α-賽滅寧或七氟菊酯(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及可尼丁、益達胺、賽速安、亞滅培、達特南、賜諾殺或賜諾特、特定而言賜諾特或賜諾殺(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及芬普尼(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I與芬普尼之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及阿巴汀(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及氯斯胺普(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括協同有效量之化合物I及堅強芽孢桿菌CNCM 1-1582(作為化合物II)的混合物。
出於種子處理之目的,下列混合物最佳:包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及氯斯胺普(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及阿巴汀(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及賜諾殺(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及賜諾特(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括協同有效量之化合物I及堅強芽孢桿菌CNCM 1-1582(作為化合物II)的混合物。
出於種子處理之目的,下列混合物最佳:包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及氯斯胺普(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及阿巴汀(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
包括較佳地協同有效量之化合物I及賜諾殺(作為化合物II)的混合物,化合物I:II之較佳重量比率為1:500至500:1,較佳為1:100至100:1,特定而言為1:50至50:1且更佳地1:25至25:1。
上述本發明混合物中之每一者可進一步包括一或多種殺昆蟲劑、殺真菌劑、除草劑。
對於本發明之應用而言,可將本發明混合物轉化成常見調配物,例如溶液、乳液、懸浮液、粉末、膏及顆粒。應用形式取決於特定既定目的;在每種情形下,應確保本發明混合物能夠精細且均勻地分佈。藉由已知方式來製備調配物(參見US 3,060,084、EP-A 707 445(對於液體濃縮物)、Browning: 「Agglomeration」,Chemical Engineering,1967年12月4日,147-48,Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook,第4版,McGraw-Hill,New York,1963,S. 8-57以及以下各文獻:WO 91/13546、US 4,172,714、US 4,144,050、US 3,920,442、US 5,180,587、US 5,232,701、US 5,208,030、GB 2,095,558、US 3,299,566、Klingman:Weed Control as a Science(J. Wiley & Sons,New York,1961)、Hance等人:Weed Control Handbook(第8版,Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989)及Mollet,H.及Grubemann,A.:Formulation technology(Wiley VCH Verlag,Weinheim,2001)。
農用化學調配物亦可包括農用化學調配物中常用之助劑。所用助劑分別端視特定施加形式及活性物質而定。
適宜助劑之實例係溶劑、固體載劑、分散劑或乳化劑(例如其他增溶劑、保護性膠體、表面活性劑及黏著劑)、有機及無機增稠劑、殺細菌劑、防凍劑、消泡劑、(若適當)著色劑及增黏劑或黏合劑(例如,用於種子處理調配物)。
適宜之溶劑係水、諸如下列之有機溶劑:中至高沸點的礦物油餾分(例如煤油或柴油)、以及煤焦油及植物油或動物油;脂肪族烴、環烴及芳族烴,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蠟、四氫萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物;醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇及環己醇;二醇;酮,例如環己酮及γ-丁內酯、二甲基脂肪酸醯胺、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯及強極性溶劑,例如諸如N-甲基吡咯啶酮等胺。
固體載劑係礦物土,例如矽酸鹽、矽膠、滑石粉、高嶺土、石灰石、石灰、白堊、紅玄武土、黃土、黏土、白雲石、矽藻土、硫酸鈣、硫酸鎂、氧化鎂,經研磨合成材料、肥料(例如硫酸銨、磷酸銨、硝酸銨、尿素)、及植物來源產品(例如穀類粗粉、樹皮粗粉、木粉及堅果殼粉)、纖維素粉及其他固體載劑。
適宜之表面活性劑(佐劑、潤濕劑、增黏劑、分散劑或乳化劑)係芳族磺酸(例如木質素磺酸(Borresperse型,Borregard,Norway)、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸(Morwet型,Akzo Nobel,U.S.A.)、二丁基萘磺酸(Nekal型,BASF,德國))及脂肪酸之鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽及銨鹽、烷基磺酸鹽、烷基芳基磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸鹽、月桂基醚硫酸鹽、脂肪醇硫酸鹽、及硫酸化十六酸鹽、十七酸鹽及十八酸鹽、硫酸化脂肪醇二醇醚、以及萘或萘磺酸與酚及甲醛之縮合物、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚、乙氧基化異辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚、烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三硬脂醯基苯基聚乙二醇醚、烷基芳基聚醚醇、醇及脂肪醇/環氧乙烷縮合物、乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、乙氧基化聚氧丙烯、月桂醇聚乙二醇醚縮醛、山梨醇酯、木質素-亞硫酸鹽廢液及蛋白、變性蛋白、多糖(例如甲基纖維素)、經疏水改良之澱粉、聚乙烯醇(Mowiol型,Clariant,Switzerland)、聚羧酸鹽(Sokolan型,BASF,德國)、聚烷氧基化物、聚乙烯基胺(Lupasol型,BASF,德國)、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮及其共聚物。
增稠劑(亦即可賦予調配物經改良流動性之化合物,亦即在靜止狀態下黏度較高且在攪拌期間黏度較低)之實例係多糖及有機及無機黏土,例如黃原膠(Kelzan,CP Kelco,U.S.A.)、Rhodopol 23(Rhodia,法國)、Veegum(R.T. Vanderbilt,U.S.A.)或Attaclay(Engelhard公司,NJ,USA)。
可添加殺細菌劑以用以保存及穩定調配物。適宜殺細菌劑之實例係彼等基於下列者:雙氯酚及苄基醇半甲縮醛(來自ICI之Proxel或來自Thor Chemie之Acticide RS及來自Rohm & Haas之Kathon MK)及異噻唑啉酮衍生物(例如烷基異噻唑啉酮及苯并異噻唑啉酮(來自Thor Chemie之Acticide MBS))。
適宜防凍劑之實例係乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素及甘油。
消泡劑之實例係聚矽氧乳液(例如Silikon SRE,Wacker,德國或Rhodorsil,Rhodia,法國)、長鏈醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酸鹽、氟有機化合物及其混合物。
適宜著色劑係低水溶性顏料及水溶性染料。所述實例係名稱羅丹明B(Rhodamin B)、C.I.顏料紅112、C.I.溶劑紅1、顏料藍15:4、顏料藍15:3、顏料藍15:2、顏料藍15:1、顏料藍80、顏料黃1、顏料黃13、顏料紅112、顏料紅48:2、顏料紅48:1、顏料紅57:1、顏料紅53:1、顏料橙43、顏料橙34、顏料橙5、顏料綠36、顏料綠7、顏料白6、顏料棕25、鹼性紫10、鹼性紫49、酸性紅51、酸性紅52、酸性紅14、酸性藍9、酸性黃23、鹼性紅10、鹼性紅108。
增黏劑或黏合劑之實例係聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯乙酸酯、聚乙烯醇及纖維素醚(Tylose,Shin-Etsu,日本)粉末、撒布材料及塵粉劑可藉由混合或同時研磨本發明混合物所包含之各個活性化合物及(若適當時使用)其他活性物質與至少一種固體載劑來製備。
可藉由使活性物質結合固體載劑來製備顆粒,例如經塗覆顆粒、經浸漬顆粒及勻質顆粒。固體載劑之實例係(例如)礦物土,例如矽膠、矽酸鹽、滑石粉、高嶺土、活性白土、石灰石、石灰、白堊、紅玄武土、黃土、黏土、白雲石、矽藻土、硫酸鈣、硫酸鎂、氧化鎂,經研磨合成材料;肥料,例如硫酸銨、磷酸銨、硝酸銨、尿素;及植物來源產品,例如穀類粗粉、樹皮粗粉、木粉及堅果殼粉、纖維素粉及其他固體載劑。
調配物類型之實例係:
將10重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物溶解於90重量份數之水或水溶性溶劑中。或者,可添加潤濕劑或其他助劑。經水稀釋時,該活性物質會溶解。以此方式,獲得具有10重量%活性物質之含量的調配物。
將20重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物溶解於70重量份數環己酮中,同時添加10重量份數分散劑(例如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮)。使用水稀釋以形成分散液。活性物質含量為20重量%。
將15重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物溶於75重量份數二甲苯中,並添加十二烷基苯磺酸鈣及乙氧基化蓖麻油(各添加5重量份數)。使用水稀釋以形成乳液。此組合物之活性物質含量為15重量%。
將25重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物溶於35重量份數二甲苯中,並添加十二烷基苯磺酸鈣及乙氧基化蓖麻油(各添加5重量份數)。藉助乳化機(Ultraturrax)將此混合物引入30重量份數之水中且將其製成均質乳液。使用水稀釋以形成乳液。此組合物之活性物質含量為25重量%。
在攪拌球磨機中粉碎20重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物,同時添加10重量份數之分散劑及潤濕劑及70重量份數之水或有機溶劑,從而形成精細活性物質懸浮液。使用水稀釋以形成該活性物質之穩定懸浮液。組合物中之活性物質含量為20重量%。
精細研磨50重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物,同時添加50重量份數之分散劑及潤濕劑,且藉助技術器械(例如擠壓器、噴霧塔、流化床)將其製成水可分散顆粒或水溶性顆粒。使用水稀釋以形成該活性物質之穩定分散液或溶液。此組合物之活性物質含量為50重量%。
將75重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物在轉子-定子研磨機中研磨,同時添加25重量份數之分散劑、潤濕劑及矽膠。使用水稀釋以形成該活性物質之穩定分散液或溶液。組合物中之活性物質含量為75重量%。
在攪拌球磨機中粉碎20重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物,同時添加10重量份數之分散劑、1重量份數之凝膠劑潤濕劑及70重量份數之水或有機溶劑,從而形成活性物質之精細懸浮液。使用水稀釋以形成該活性物質之穩定懸浮液,藉此獲得具有20%(w/w)活性物質之組合物。
精細研磨5重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物且使其與95重量份數精細粉碎之高嶺土充分混合。藉此得到活性物質含量為5重量%之可撒施組合物。
精細研磨0.5重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物且使其與99.5重量份數之載劑混合。現行方法係擠出、噴霧乾燥或流化床。藉此形成活性物質含量為0.5重量%之不經稀釋即可施加之顆粒。
將10重量份數之本發明混合物中之化合物溶解於90重量份數之有機溶劑(例如,二甲苯)中。藉此形成活性物質含量為10重量%之不經稀釋即可施加之組合物。
農業化學調配物通常包括介於0.01重量%與95重量%之間,較佳為介於0.1重量%與90重量%之間、最佳介於0.5重量%與90重量%之間之活性物質。所用本發明混合物中之化合物之純度為90%至100%,較佳為95%至100%(根據NMR光譜)。
本發明混合物中之化合物可原樣使用或以其組合物形式使用,例如呈以下形式:可直接噴灑之溶液、粉末、懸浮液、分散液、乳液、油分散液、膏、可撒施產品、用於散佈之材料或顆粒,此等形式係藉由噴射、噴霧、撒施、散佈、刷塗、浸泡或澆灌投與。施加形式完全取決於預期目的;意欲確保本發明混合物中之化合物在每一情形下皆達到最精細之可能分佈。
可藉由添加水自乳液濃縮物、膏或可潤濕粉劑(可噴灑粉劑、油分散液)製備水性施加形式。為製備乳液、膏或油分散液,可在水中藉助潤濕劑、增黏劑、分散劑或乳化劑使該等物質以原樣或溶於油或溶劑中之形式均質化。另一選擇為,可製備由活性物質、潤濕劑、增黏劑、分散劑或乳化劑及(若適當)溶劑或油構成之濃縮物,且該等濃縮物適於用水稀釋。
活性物質在即用製劑中之濃度可在相對較寬範圍中有所變化。一般而言,其為0.0001重量%至10重量%,較佳為0.001重量%至1重量%之本發明混合物中之化合物。亦可以超低容量方法(ULV)成功地使用本發明混合物中之化合物,可施加包括95重量%以上活性物質之組合物,或甚至可施加無添加劑之活性物質。若適宜,可向活性化合物中添加各種類型之油、潤濕劑、佐劑、除草劑、殺真菌劑、其他殺蟲劑或殺細菌劑,直到即將使用前為止(大槽混合)。可以1:100至100:1,較佳為1:10至10:1之重量比率將該等藥劑與本發明混合物中之化合物混合。本發明組合物亦可含有肥料(例如硝酸銨、尿素、苛性鉀、及過磷酸鹽)、植物毒素及植物生長調節劑及安全劑。該等物質可依序使用或與上述組合物組合使用,若適宜亦可僅在即將使用前添加(大槽混合)。舉例而言,可在用肥料處理之前或之後使用本發明組合物噴灑植物。上文所定義混合物中含有之化合物可同時施加(亦即聯合或分開)、或依序施加(在分開施加之情形下,施加順序通常對於控制措施之結果並無任何影響)。
根據本發明,化合物I及化合物II應理解為表示化合物I及化合物II至少同時以有效量出現於作用位點(亦即,動物害蟲,例如欲控制之昆蟲、蜘蛛或線蟲,或其棲息地,例如受感染植物、植物繁殖材料、尤其種子、表面、材料、或土壤,以及欲防止受真菌或動物侵襲之植物、植物繁殖材料、尤其種子、土壤、表面、材料或空間)。此可藉由同時(聯合(例如大槽混合)或分開)、或依序施加化合物I及化合物II來達成,其中選擇個別施加間之時間間隔以確保在施加其他活性物質時仍有足夠量首先施加之活性物質存在於作用位點。施加順序對於本發明之實施並不重要。在本發明混合物中,各化合物之重量比率通常取決於本發明混合物中之化合物之性質。本發明混合物中之化合物可個別地使用或彼此部分地或完全混合以製備本發明組合物。亦可將其封裝並進一步用作諸如各部分之套組之組合組合物。
在本發明一實施例中,套組可包含一或多種(包含所有)可用於製備標題農業化學組合物之組份。舉例而言,套組可包含化合物I及化合物II及/或佐劑組份及/或另一農藥化合物(例如殺昆蟲劑或除草劑)及/或生長調節劑組份。一或多種組份可能已經組合至一起或進行預調配。在於套組中提供兩種以上組份之彼等實施例中,組份可能已經組合至一起且以此狀態封裝於單一容器(例如小瓶、瓶、罐、囊、袋或金屬筒)中。在其他實施例中,可將套組之兩種或兩種以上組份分開封裝,亦即,並不預調配。因此,套組可包含一或多個單獨容器,例如小瓶、瓶、罐、囊、袋或金屬筒,每一容器皆含有用於農業化學組合物之單獨組份。在兩種形式中,套組組份可單獨或與其他組份一起或作為用於製備本發明組合物之本發明組合組合物的組份施加。使用者經常自預配藥裝置、背負式噴霧器、噴霧罐或噴霧平板施加本發明組合物。在本文中,使用水及/或緩衝液來構成農業化學組合物以獲得期望施加濃度,若適宜,可添加其他助劑,且由此獲得本發明之即用噴霧液或農業化學組合物。通常,向每公頃農業有用面積施加50至500升即用噴霧液,較佳為100至400升。根據一實施例,調配成組合物(或調配物)之本發明混合物的個別化合物(例如套組之各部分或本發明混合物之各部分)可由使用者本身在噴霧罐中進行混合,且若適宜可添加其他助劑(大槽混合)。在另一實施例中,調配成組合物之本發明混合物的個別化合物或部分預混合組份(例如,包括化合物I及化合物II之組份)可由使用者在噴霧罐中進行混合,且若適宜可添加其他助劑及添加劑(大槽混合)。在另一實施例中,可聯合(例如,在大槽混合之後)或依序施加本發明組合物之個別組份或部分預混合組份(例如,包括化合物I及化合物II之組份)。如上所述,本發明包括控制動物害蟲、特定而言節肢動物害蟲、尤其來自昆蟲群之節肢動物害蟲之方法,其中使用殺害蟲有效量之混合物來處理該害蟲、其棲息地、繁殖地、其所在地或欲保護以免受害蟲侵襲之植物、土壤或植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)。
本發明方法並不包含治療性治療人類或動物身體之方法。
本發明混合物亦呈現針對來自下列目之動物害蟲之顯著作用:來自鱗翅目(lepidopteran)(鱗翅目(Lepidoptera))之昆蟲,例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黃地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、棉葉波紋葉蛾(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、蘋實巢蛾(Argyresthia conjugella)、丫紋夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冷杉粗卷蛾(Cacoecia murinana)、紅紋煙捲蛾(Capua reticulana)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、雲杉卷葉蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、西方雲杉卷葉蛾(Choristoneura occidentalis)、美洲黏蟲(Cirphis unipuncta)、蘋果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)、歐洲松毛蟲(Dendrolimus pini)、瓜野螟(Diaphania nitidalis)、巨座玉米螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及金剛鑽(Earias insulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女貞細卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、歐洲松梢小卷蛾(Evetria bouliana)、粒膚地老虎(Feltia subterranean)、大蠟螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心蟲(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心蟲(Grapholitha molesta)、棉鈴蟲(Heliothis armigera)、美洲煙葉蛾(Heliothis virescens)、美洲棉鈴蟲(Heliothis zea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、灰裙希伯利亞蛾(Hibernia defoliaria)、美國白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、蘋果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinellus)、蕃茄蠹蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、鐵杉尺蠖(Lambdina fiscellaria)、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡點潛蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋紋潛葉蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、蘋細蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、葡萄漿果小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana)、黃綠條螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、僧尼毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、窄翅潛葉蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、天幕毛蟲(Malacosoma neustria)、甘藍夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黃杉毒蛾(Orgyia pseudotsugata)、歐洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、冬夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、紅鈴蟲(Pectinophora gossypiella)、豆雜角夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、圓黃掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、馬鈴薯塊莖蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、橘細潛蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、大菜粉蛾(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿綠夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、松梢卷葉蛾(Rhyacionia frustrana)、馬鈴薯塊莖蛾(Scrobipalpula absoluta)、麥蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、葡萄長須卷葉蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地黏蟲(Spodoptera frugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、松異周蛾(Thaumatopoea pityocampa)、櫟綠卷葉蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉紋夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)及雲杉小卷葉蛾(Zeiraphera canadensis);甲蟲(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨長吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、具條叩甲(Agriotes lineatus)、暗紋叩甲(Agriotes obscurus)、六月金龜(Amphimallus solstitialis)、異形方胸材小蠹(Anisandrus dispar)、棉鈴象甲(Anthonomus grandis)、蘋果花象甲(Anthonomus pomorum)、尤弗裏特跳甲(Aphthona euphoridae)、紅尾叩頭蟲(Athous haemorrhoidalis)、甜菜隱食甲(Atomaria linearis)、大松小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、粗紋小蜂(Blitophaga undata)、蠶豆象(Bruchus rufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、歐洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、蘋果卷葉象甲(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龜甲(Cassida nebulosa)、豆葉甲(Cerotoma trifurcata)、金花金龜(Cetonia aurata)、甘藍莢象甲(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、油菜龜象甲(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜莖跳甲(Chaetocnema tibialis)、煙草金針蟲(Conoderus vespertinus)、天門冬葉甲(Crioceris asparagi)、叩頭蟲亞種(Ctenicera ssp)、長角葉甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、黃瓜半星葉甲(Diabrotica semipunctata)、十二星瓜葉甲(Diabrotica 12-punctata)、巴西葉甲(Diabrotica speciosa)、玉米根葉甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢蟲(Epilachna varivestis)、煙草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉籽灰象(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis)、松樹皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿象甲(Hypera brunneipennis)、苜蓿葉象甲(Hypera postica)、雲杉八齒小蠹(Ips typographus)、具條負泥蟲(Lema bilineata)、黑角負泥蟲(Lema melanopus)、馬鈴薯甲蟲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、甜菜金針蟲(Limonius californicus)、稻象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、蘆葦叩頭蟲(Melanotus communis)、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、忽布鰓角金龜(Melolontha hippocastani)、歐洲鰓金龜(Melolontha melolontha)、稻負泥蟲(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿葉甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、梨切葉象(Phyllobius pyri)、油菜藍跳甲(Phyllotreta chrysocephala)、金龜屬(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭園麗金龜(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotreta nemorum)、黃曲條跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本麗金龜(Popillia japonica)、豌豆葉象甲(Sitona lineatus)及穀象(Sitophilus granaria),蠅、蚊(雙翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白紋伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌擾伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥橘實蠅(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、庫態按蚊(Anopheles crucians)、淡色按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、岡比亞按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、費氏按蚊(Anopheles freeborni)、白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、紅頭麗蠅(Calliphora vicina)、地中海實蠅(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蠅(Chrysomya bezziana)、螺旋金蠅(Chrysomya hominivorax)、肉旋金蠅(Chrysomya macellaria)、鹿蠅(Chrysops discalis)、黃赭色斑虻(Chrysops silacea)、大西洋斑虻(Chrysops atlanticus)、羊旋皮蠅(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、高粱癭蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、嗜人瘤蠅(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、毛庫蠓(Culicoides furens)、五帶淡色庫蚊(Culex pipiens)、黑須庫蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦庫蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒庫蚊(Culex tarsalis)、純色脈毛蚊(Culiseta inornata)、黑尾脈毛蚊(Culiseta melanura)、瓜實蠅(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄欖實蠅(Dacus oleae)、芸苔莢癭蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、蔥地種蠅(Delia antique)、麥地種蠅(Delia coarctata)、灰地種蠅(Delia platura)、甘藍地種蠅(Delia radicum)、人膚蠅(Dermatobia hominis)、黃腹廄蠅(Fannia canicularis)、三點禾蠅(Geomyza Tripunctata)、大馬胃蠅(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蠅(Glossina morsitans)、須舌蠅(Glossina palpalis)、引舌蠅(Glossina fuscipes)、膠舌蠅(Glossina tachinoides)、騷擾角蠅(Haematobia irritans)、鞍癭癭蚊(Haplodiplosis equestris)、潛蠅種類(Hippelates spp.)、種蠅(Hylemyia platura)、蚊皮蠅(Hypoderma lineata)、勒蠓(Leptoconops torrens)、美洲斑潛蠅(Liriomyza sativae)、非洲菊斑潛蠅(Liriomyza trifolii)、羊綠蠅(Lucilia caprina)、銅綠蠅(Lucilia cuprina)、絲光綠蠅(Lucilia sericata)、玉頸洛克蠅(Lycoria pectoralis)、曼蚊(Mansonia titillanus)、黑森癭蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、家蠅(Musca domestica)、廄腐蠅(Muscina stabulans)、羊鼻蠅(Oestrus ovis)、禾蠅(Opomyza florum)、瑞典麥杆蠅(Oscinella frit)、甜菜潛葉蠅(Pegomya hysocyami)、蔥蠅(Phorbia antiqua)、甘蘭種蠅(Phorbia brassicae)、麥種蠅(Phorbia coarctata)、銀足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、哥倫比亞鱗蚊(Psorophora columbiae)、胡蘿蔔莖蠅(Psila rosae)、異色鱗蚊(Psorophora discolor)、混合墨蚊(Prosimulium mixtum)、櫻桃實蠅(Rhagoletis cerasi)、蘋果實蠅(Rhagoletis pomonella)、紅尾肉蠅(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蠅種類(Sarcophaga sp.)、帶蚋(Simulium vittatum)、廄刺蠅(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、黑虻(Tabanus atratus)、具帶馬虻(Tabanus lineola)、及擬原虻(Tabanus similis)、沼澤大蚊(Tipula oleracea)、及歐洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)薊馬(纓翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如蘭花薊馬(Dichromothrips corbetti)、薊馬亞種(Dichromothrips ssp)、煙草褐薊馬(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿薊馬(Frankliniella occidentalis)、麥花薊馬(Frankliniella tritici)、橘實薊馬(Scirtothrips citri)、稻薊馬(Thrips oryzae)、棕櫚薊馬(Thrips palmi)及棉薊馬(Thrips tabaci),白蟻(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如歐洲木白蟻(Calotermes flavicollis)、歐美散白蟻(Leucotermes flavipes)、南美異白蟻(Heterotermes aureus)、黃肢散白蟻(Reticulitermes flavipes)、南方散白蟻(Reticulitermes virginicus)、南歐網紋白蟻(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、納塔爾白蟻(Termes natalensis)、及家白蟻(Coptotermes formosanus),蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria)-蜚蠊科(Blattodea)),例如德國小蠊(Blattella germanica)、亞洲小蠊(Blattella asahinae)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、褐色大蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、煙色大蠊(Periplaneta fuligginosa)、澳洲大蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)、及東方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis),蝽象(半翅目(Hemiptera)),例如擬緣蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、麥長蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑煙盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、赤星椿象(Dysdercus cingulatus)、棉紅蝽(Dysdercus intermedius)、麥扁盾蝽(Eurygaster integriceps)、棉蝽(Euschistus impictiventris)、棉鈴喙緣蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美國牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻綠蝽(Nezara viridula)、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、稻蝽(Solubea insularis)、紅肩蝽(Thyanta perditor)、紅豆草蚜(Acyrthosiphon onobrychis)、落葉松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、甘藍蚜(Aphidula nasturtii)、蠶豆蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、蘋果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、醋栗蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、茶蔗蚜(Aphis schneideri)、繡線菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、接骨木蚜(Aphis sambuci)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、茄溝無網蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、銀葉粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)、薊短尾蚜(Brachycaudus cardui)、杏圓尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、桃黑短尾蚜(Brachycaudus persicae)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus prunicola)、甘藍蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、角釘毛蚜(Capitophorus horni)、棉花方翅網蝽(Cerosipha gossypii)、草莓毛管蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、茶藨隱瘤額蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、銀樅椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae)、雲杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、根瘤圓尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、擬塘鵝蚜(Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani)、車前圓尾蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea)、梨西圓尾蚜(Dysaphis pyri)、蠶豆葉蟬(Empoasca fabae)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、茶藨苦菜蚜(Hyperomyzus lactucae)、麥長管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟長管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、薔薇長管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、蠶豆修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)、帕洛瑞斯色蚜(Melanaphis pyrarius)、薔薇麥蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、冬蔥瘤額蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、櫻桃黑瘤額蚜(Myzus cerasi)、核黃瘤額蚜(Myzus varians)、蒿苣蚜(Nasonovia ribis-nigri)、褐稻虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、萵苣根癭綿蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飛虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、蛇麻疣額蚜(Phorodon humuli)、蘋木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬蔥縊瘤蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、粟縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、郁李縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum insertum)、梨砧草蚜(Sappaphis mala)、蘋紅紮圓尾蚜(Sappaphis mali)、麥二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、榆梨棉蚜(Schizoneura lanuginosa)、麥長管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、溫室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、橘二岔蚜(Toxoptera aurantii)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、溫帶臭蟲(Cimex lectularius)、熱帶臭蟲(Cimex hemipterus)、老獵蝽(Reduvius senilis)、錐獵蝽種類(Triatoma spp.)、及齒背獵蝽(Arilus critatus)。
螞蟻、蜜蜂、黃蜂、葉蜂(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜葉蜂(Athalia rosae)、熱帶切葉蟻(Atta cephalotes)、卡培古魯切葉蟻(Atta capiguara)、熱帶切葉蟻(Atta cephalotes)、光亮切葉蟻(Atta laevigata)、強壯切葉蟻(Atta robusta)、切葉蟻(Atta sexdens)、德州切葉蟻(Atta texana)、舉尾蟻屬(Crematogaster spp.)、李小葉蜂(Hoplocampa minuta)、蘋實葉蜂(Hoplocampa testudinea)、廚蟻(Monomorium pharaonis)、熱帶火蟻(Solenopsis geminata)、紅火蟻(Solenopsis invicta)、黑火蟻(Solenopsis richteri)、加州火蟻(Solenopsis xyloni)、紅收穫蟻(Pogonomyrmex barbatus)、加州收穫蟻(Pogonomyrmex californicus)、大頭蟻(Pheidole megacephala)、西方蟻蜂(Dasymutilla occidentalis)、熊蜂屬(Bombus spp.)黃胡蜂(Vespula squamosa)、常見黃胡蜂(Paravespula vulgaris)、樹黃胡蜂(Paravespula pennsylvanica)、德國黃胡蜂(Paravespula germanica)、白斑臉黃胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata)、黃邊胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、赭色馬蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、佛羅里達弓背蟻(Camponotus floridanus)、及阿根廷蟻(Linepithema humile),蟋蟀、蝗蟲、蚱蜢(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如家蟋蟀(Acheta domestica)、歐洲螻蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飛蝗(Locusta migratoria)、雙帶蚱蜢(Melanoplus bivittatus)、赤腿蚱蜢(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥蚱蜢(Melanoplus mexicanus)、遷徙蚱蜢(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、落磯山蚱蜢(Melanoplus spretus)、土煌(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲蚱蜢(Schistocerca americana)、非洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、摩洛哥戟紋蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、溫室沙螽(Tachycines asynamorus)、塞內加爾小車蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis)、臭腹腺蝗(Zonozerus variegatus)、斑角蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus daganensis)、印度黃檀蝗(Kraussaria angulifera)、意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、澳洲疫蝗(Chortoicetes terminifera)、及南非蝗(Locustana pardalina),蛛形綱動物,例如蛛形類(arachnids)(蜘蛛(Acarina)),例如隱喙蜱科(Argasidae)、蜱科(Ixodidae)及蚧蟎科(Sarcoptidae)家族,例如美洲鈍眼蜱(Amblyomma americanum)、彩飾鈍眼蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、海灣花蜱(Ambryomma maculatum)、波斯隱喙蜱(Argas persicus)、具環方頭蜱(Boophilus annulatus)、消色牛蜱(Boophilus decoloratus)、小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、森林革蜱(Dermacentor silvarum)、安德遜氏革蜱(Dermacentor andersoni)、變異革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis)、長喙璃眼蜱(Hyalomma truncatum)、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus)、淺紅硬蜱(Ixodes rubicundus)、肩突硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全環硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes pacificus)、喙蜱(Ornithodorus moubata)、赫姆鈍緣蜱(Ornithodorus hermsi)、回歸熱鈍緣蜱(Ornithodorus turicata)、柏科特氏禽刺蟎(Ornithonyssus bacoti)、耳殘喙蜱(Otobius megnini)、雞皮刺蟎(Dermanyssus gallinae)、羊癢蟎(Psoroptes ovis)、血紅扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)、具尾扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus appendiculatus)、外翻扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus evertsi)、蚧蟎(Sarcoptes scabiei)及癭蟎科(Eriophyidae spp.),例如蘋刺癭蟎(Aculus schlechtendali)、橘鏽蟎(Phyllocoptrata oleivora)及柑芽癭蟎(Eriophyes sheldoni);跗線蟎科(Tarsonemidae spp.),例如仙客來細蟎(Phytonemus pallidus)及多食跗線蟎(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);細須蟎科(Tenuipalpidae spp.),例如紫偽葉蟎(Brevipalpus phoenicis);葉蟎科(Tetranychidae spp.),例如朱砂葉蟎(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神澤氏葉蟎(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋紅葉蟎(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉紅葉蟎(Tetranychus telarius)及棉葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae)、蘋果全爪蟎(Panonychus ulmi)、橘全爪蟎(Panonychus citri)、及草地小爪蟎(Oligonychus pratensis);蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如黑寡婦蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)、及裼皮斜蛛(Loxosceles reclusa),蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如貓櫛頭蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、犬櫛頭蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、人蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潛蚤(Tunga penetrans)、及具帶病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),衣魚(silverfish)、家衣魚(firebrat)(纓尾目(Thysanura)),例如衣魚(Lepisma saccharina)及小灶衣魚(Thermobia domestica),唇足類(centipedes)(唇足亞綱(Chilopoda)),例如蚰蜒(Scutigera coleoptrata),千足蟲(倍足綱(Diplopoda)),例如鉤蟲屬(Narceus spp.),蠼螋(Earwigs)(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如歐洲球螋(forficula auricularia),虱(虱毛目(Phthiraptera)),例如頭蝨(Pediculus humanus capitis)、體虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、恥陰虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、豬血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛顎虱(Linognathus vituli),牛毛虱(Bovicola bovis)、雞短角羽虱(Menopon gallinae)、雞體虱(Menacanthus stramineus)及水牛盲虱(Solenopotes capillatus),植物寄生線蟲類,例如根瘤線蟲(root-knot nematodes)、落花生根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne arenaria)、哥倫比亞根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、象耳豆根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne exigua)、北方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne javanica)及其他根瘤線蟲屬物種;包囊線蟲類(cyst nematodes),馬鈴薯金線蟲(Globodera rostochiensis)、馬鈴薯白線蟲(Globodera pallida)、煙草胞囊線蟲(Globodera tabacum)及其他馬鈴薯包囊線蟲屬(Globodera)物種、小麥禾穀胞囊線蟲(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊線蟲(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊線蟲(Heterodera schachtii)、三葉草胞囊線蟲(Heterodera trifolii)、及其他包囊線蟲屬(Heterodera)物種;種瘤線蟲類、剪股穎粒線蟲(Anguina funesta)、小麥粒癭線蟲(Anguina tritici)及其他粒線蟲屬物種;莖及葉線蟲類、葉芽線蟲(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、草莓滑刃線蟲(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、菊花滑刃線蟲(Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi)及其他滑刃線蟲屬物種;刺線蟲(sting nematodes)、長尾刺線蟲(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)及其他刺線蟲屬物種;松樹線蟲(pine nematodes),松材線蟲(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)及其他傘滑刃線蟲屬(Bursaphelenchus)物種;環紋線蟲(ring nematodes)、環線蟲屬(Criconema)物種、小環線蟲屬(Criconemella)物種、似環線蟲屬(Criconemoides)物種、及中環線蟲屬(Mesocriconema)物種;球莖線蟲(Stem and bulb nematode)、馬鈴薯腐敗線蟲(Ditylenchus destructor)、玉米莖線蟲(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、食菌莖線蟲(Ditylenchus myceliophagus)及其他雙墊刃屬(Ditylenchus)物種;錐線蟲(Awl nematode)、錐線蟲屬(Dolichodorus)物種;螺旋線蟲(spiral nematodes)、雙宮螺旋線蟲(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、多環螺旋線蟲(Helicotylenchus multicinctus)及其他螺旋線蟲屬(Helicotylenchus)物種、碩壯盤旋線蟲(Rotylenchus robustus)及其他盤旋線蟲屬(Rotylenchus)物種;鞘線蟲(sheath nematodes)、鞘線蟲屬(Hemicycliophora)物種及半輪線蟲屬(Hemicriconemoides)物種;潛根線蟲(Hirshmanniella)物種;冠線蟲(lance nematodes)、哥倫比亞冠線蟲(Hoplolaimus columbus)、盔形冠線蟲(Hoplolaimus galeatus)及其他冠線蟲屬物種、偽根瘤線蟲(false root-knot nematodes)、異常珍珠線蟲(Nacobbus aberrans)及其他珍珠線蟲屬物種;針線蟲(needle nematodes)、橫帶長針線蟲(Longidorus elongates)及其他長針線蟲屬(Longidorus)物種;釘線蟲(pin nematodes)、擬墊刃線蟲屬(Paratylenchus)物種;損害線蟲、最短短體線蟲(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、咖啡短體線蟲(Pratylenchus coffeae)、彎曲短體線蟲(Pratylenchus curvitatus)、古德依短體線蟲(Pratylenchus goodeyi)、加州根腐線蟲(Pratylenchus neglectus)、穿刺短體線蟲(Pratylenchus penetrans)、斯克裏布納短體線蟲(Pratylenchus scribneri)、傷殘短體線蟲(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短體線蟲(Pratylenchus zeae)及其他短體線蟲屬物種;椰子細杆滑刃線蟲(Radinaphelenchus cocophilus)及其他細杆滑刃線蟲屬(Radinaphelenchus)物種;掘穴線蟲類(burrowing nematodes)、掘穴線蟲(Radopholus similis)及其他內侵線蟲屬(Radopholus)物種;腎形線蟲類(reniform nematodes)、腎形腎狀線蟲(Rotylenchulus reniformis)及其他腎形線蟲屬(Rotylenchulus)物種;盾線蟲屬(Scutellonema)物種;短粗根線蟲(stubby root nematodes)、原始毛刺線蟲(Trichodorus primitivus)及其他毛刺線蟲各種;微小擬毛刺線蟲(Paratrichodorus minor)及其他擬毛刺線蟲屬(Paratrichodorus)物種、矮化線蟲類(stunt nematodes)、克萊頓矮化線蟲(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、不定矮化線蟲(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)及其他矮化線蟲屬(Tylenchorhynchus)物種及默林線蟲屬(Merlinius)物種;橘線蟲類(citrus nematodes)、柑橘半穿刺線蟲(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)及其他墊刃線蟲屬(Tylenchulus)物種;劍線蟲類(dagger nematodes)、美洲劍線蟲(Xiphinema americanum)、標準劍線蟲(Xiphinema index)、裂尾劍線蟲(Xiphinema diversicaudatum)及其他劍線蟲屬(Xiphinema)物種;及其他植物寄生線蟲屬物種。
可將本發明混合物施加至害蟲之任一及所有發育階段,例如卵、幼蟲、蛹、及成蟲。可藉由使靶害蟲、其食源、棲息地、繁殖地或其所在地與殺害蟲有效量之本發明混合物或包括該等混合物之組合物接觸來控制害蟲。
「所在地」意指害蟲生長或可能生長之植物、植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)、土壤、區域、材料或環境。
一般而言,「殺害蟲有效量」意指對生長達成可觀測效應所需本發明混合物或包括該等混合物之組合物的量,該等效應包含對壞死、死亡、滯後、預防之效應、及去除、破壞或減小動物害蟲之出現率及活性。對於本發明中所用之各種混合物/組合物而言,殺害蟲有效量可有所變化。混合物/組合物之殺害蟲有效量亦可根據主要條件(例如所期望殺蟲效果及持續時間、天氣、靶物種、所在地、施加模式及諸如此類)而有所變化。
如上所述,本發明包括改良植物健康之方法,其中使用植物健康有效量之本發明混合物來處理植物、已種植或計畫種植植物之所在地或長成該植物之植物繁殖材料。
術語「植物健康有效量」表示足以達成如下文所定義植物健康效應之本發明混合物的量。關於擬使用之量、施加方式及適宜比率之更多實例性資訊示於下文中。無論如何,熟習此項技術者應熟知此一量可在寬範圍中有所變化且取決於各種因素,例如經處理之栽培植物或材料及氣候條件。
視情形而定,術語「有效量」包括術語「植物健康有效量」及/或「殺害蟲有效量」。
在製備混合物時,較佳採用純活性化合物,根據需要可向其中添加其他活性化合物,例如殺昆蟲劑、除草劑、殺真菌劑或除草或生長調節活性化合物或肥料。
藉由以下方式來使用本發明混合物:使用殺害蟲有效量之活性化合物處理動物害蟲或欲防止受害蟲侵襲之植物、植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)、材料或土壤。可在材料、植物或植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)由害蟲感染之前及之後進行施加。
較佳地,藉由以下方式來使用本發明混合物:經由葉片施加殺害蟲有效量之活性化合物來處理動物害蟲或欲防止害蟲侵襲之植物或土壤。同樣,在本文中,可在植物由害蟲感染之前及之後進行施加。
在防治動物害蟲(昆蟲、蟎蟲或線蟲)之方法中,端視化合物類型及期望效應,本發明混合物之施加率為0.1 g/ha至10000 g/ha,較佳為1 g/ha至5,000 g/ha、更佳地20 g/ha至1000 g/ha、最佳地10 g/ha至750 g/ha、特定而言20 g/ha至500 g/ha。
在本發明之上下文中,術語植物係指植物整體、植物之一部分或植物之繁殖材料。
可使用本發明混合物處理之植物以及該等植物之繁殖材料包含所有經基因改造之植物或轉基因植物(例如因育種(包含基因工程方法)可耐受除草劑或殺真菌劑或殺昆蟲劑之作用的作物)、或與現有植物相比具有改良特性之植物(其可例如藉由傳統育種方法及/或產生突變體、或藉由重組程序產生)。
舉例而言,亦可將本發明混合物施加(以種子處理、噴霧處理、犁溝施加或任一其他形式)至已藉由育種、誘變或基因工程改良之植物,包含但不限於市場上或正研發中之農業生物技術產品(參見http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp)。經基因改造之植物係如下植物:其遺傳材料已利用重組DNA技術加以修飾且在天然環境下不能由雜交育種、突變或天然重組容易地獲得。通常,已將一或多個基因整合至經基因改造植物之遺傳材料中,從而改良植物之某些性質。該等基因改造亦包含但不限於藉由(例如)糖基化或聚合物加成(例如異戊二烯化、乙醯化或法呢基化部分體或PEG部分體)實施之蛋白質、寡-或多肽的靶向轉譯後改造。
憑藉育種或基因工程之習用方法,已藉由例如:育種、誘變或基因工程加以改造之植物已被賦予對所施加特定種類除草劑之耐受性,該等除草劑舉例而言為:羥基苯基丙酮酸雙氧化酶(HPPD)抑制劑;乙醯乳酸合酶(ALS)抑制劑,例如磺醯脲(參見例如US 6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073)或咪唑啉酮(參見例如US 6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/026390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/002526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/014357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073);烯醇丙酮醯莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EPSPS)抑制劑,例如嘉磷塞(glyphosate)(參見例如WO 92/00377);麩胺醯胺合成酶(GS)抑制劑,例如固殺草(glufosinate)(參見例如EP-A 242 236、EP-A 242 246)或奧克斯尼(oxynil)除草劑(參見例如US 5,559,024)。已藉由習用育種(誘變)方法賦予數種栽培植物對除草劑之耐受性,例如Clearfield夏油菜(Canola,BASF SE,德國)對咪唑啉酮(例如甲氧咪草煙(imazamox))具有耐受性。基因工程方法已用於賦予栽培植物(例如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜及油菜)對除草劑(例如嘉磷塞及固殺草)之耐受性,其中之一些栽培植物可以商品名RoundupReady(耐受嘉磷塞,Monsanto,U.S.A.)及LibertyLink(耐受固殺草,Bayer CropScience,德國)購得。
此外,亦涵蓋藉由利用重組DNA技術能夠合成一或多種殺蟲蛋白之植物,該等殺蟲蛋白尤其係彼等已知來自細菌屬芽孢桿菌(Bacillus)者,特別係來自蘇雲金芽孢桿菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)者,例如δ-內毒素,例如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;營養期殺蟲蛋白(VIP),例如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;細菌侵擾線蟲之殺蟲蛋白,例如發光桿菌屬(Photorhabdus spp.)或致病桿菌屬(Xenorhabdus spp.);由動物產生之毒素,例如蠍毒素、蜘蛛毒素、蜂毒素或其他昆蟲特異性神經毒素;由真菌產生之毒素,例如鏈黴菌毒素(Streptomycetes toxin)、植物凝集素,例如豌豆或大麥植物凝集素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制劑,例如胰蛋白酶抑制劑、絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑、帕他汀(patatin)、半胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑或木瓜蛋白酶抑制劑;核糖體失活蛋白(RIP),例如蓖麻蛋白、玉蜀黍-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、絲瓜素、皂草素或異株瀉根毒蛋白(bryodin);類固醇代謝酶,例如3-羥基類固醇氧化酶、脫皮類固醇-IDP-糖基-轉移酶、膽固醇氧化酶、蛻皮激素抑制劑或HMG-CoA-還原酶;離子通道阻斷劑,例如鈉或鈣通道阻斷劑;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受體(helicokinin receptor);芪合酶、聯苄合酶、殼多糖酶或葡聚糖酶。在本發明上下文中,此等殺昆蟲蛋白或毒素亦應明確理解為前毒素、雜化蛋白、截短蛋白或經其他方式修飾之蛋白。雜化蛋白之特徵在於蛋白結構域之新組合(參見例如WO 02/015701)。該等毒素或能夠合成該等毒素之基因改造植物之其他實例揭示於(例如)EP-A 374 753、WO 93/007278、WO 95/34656、EP-A 427 529、EP-A 451 878、WO 03/18810及WO 03/52073中。產生該等經基因改造之植物之方法通常為熟習此項技術者已知且闡述於(例如)上述出版物中。經遺傳改造之植物中所含之此等殺蟲蛋白可賦予產生此等蛋白之植物對來自所有節肢動物分類群之有害生物的耐受性,尤其對甲蟲(鞘翅目(Coleoptera))、兩翅昆蟲(雙翅目(Diptera))、及蛾(鱗翅目(Lepidoptera))及線蟲(線蟲綱(Nematoda))之耐受性。能夠合成一或多種殺昆蟲蛋白之基因改造之植物闡述於(例如)上述出版物中,且其中之一些市面有售,例如YieldGard(產生Cry1Ab毒素之玉米栽培品種)、YieldGard Plus(產生Cry1Ab及Cry3Bb1毒素之玉米栽培品種)、Starlink(產生Cry9c毒素之玉米栽培品種)、Herculex RW(產生Cry34Ab1、Cry35Ab1及草丁磷-N-乙醯基轉移酶(Phosphinothricin-N-Acetyltransferase)[PAT]酶之玉米栽培品種);NuCOTN 33B(產生Cry1Ac毒素之棉花栽培品種)、Bollgard I(產生Cry1Ac毒素之棉花栽培品種)、Bollgard II(產生Cry1Ac及Cry2Ab2毒素之棉花栽培品種);VIPCOT(產生VIP-毒素之棉花栽培品種);NewLeaf(產生Cry3A毒素之馬鈴薯栽培品種);來自法國Syngenta Seeds SAS之Bt-Xtra、NatureGard、KnockOut、BiteGard、Protecta、Bt11(例如,Agrisure CB)及Bt176(產生Cry1Ab毒素及PAT酶之玉米栽培品種)、來自法國Syngenta Seeds SAS之MIR604(產生Cry3A毒素之改良形式的玉米栽培品種,參見WO 03/018810)、來自比利時Monsanto Europe S.A.之MON 863(產生Cry3Bb1毒素之玉米栽培品種)、來自比利時Monsanto Europe S.A.之IPC 531(產生Cry1Ac毒素之改良形式的棉花栽培品種)及來自比利時Pioneer Overseas公司之1507(產生Cry1F毒素及PAT酶之玉米栽培品種)。
此外,亦涵蓋下述植物:藉由利用重組DNA技術能夠合成一或多種蛋白質以增加彼等植物對細菌性、病毒性或真菌性病原體之抗性或耐受性。該等蛋白質之實例係所謂的「病原相關蛋白」(PR蛋白,參見例如EP-A 392 225)、植物疾病抗性基因(例如表現可對抗源自墨西哥野生馬鈴薯(Solanum bulbocastanum)之致病疫黴菌(Phytophthora infestan)作用之抗性基因的馬鈴薯栽培品種)或T4-溶菌酶(例如能夠合成以增加對抗諸如梨火疫病菌(Erwinia amylvora)等細菌之抗性之該等蛋白質的馬鈴薯栽培品種)。產生此等經基因改造植物之方法通常為熟習此項技術者已知且闡述於(例如)上述出版物中。
此外,亦涵蓋下述植物:藉由利用重組DNA技術能夠合成一或多種蛋白質以增加彼等植物之生產能力(例如生物質生產率、穀物產率、澱粉含量、油含量或蛋白質含量)、對亁旱、鹽度或其他生長限制環境因素之耐受性、或對害蟲及真菌性、細菌性或病毒性病原體之耐受性。
此外,亦涵蓋如下植物:其藉由利用重組DNA技術改變內含物或新內含物含量,以特定改良人類或動物營養,例如,產生促進健康之長鏈ω-3脂肪酸或不飽和ω-9脂肪酸之油料農作物(例如Nexera油菜,DOW Agro Sciences,加拿大)。
此外,亦涵蓋下述植物:藉由利用重組DNA技術來改良內含物或新內含物含量,以特定改良原料生產率,例如增加支鏈澱粉產量之馬鈴薯(例如Amflora馬鈴薯,BASFSE,德國)。
本發明混合物可經由接觸(經由土壤、玻璃、牆壁、蚊帳、地毯、植物部分或動物部分)、及攝取(誘餌、或植物部分)且經由交哺及轉移來發揮有效作用。
較佳施加方法係進入水體(經由土壤、縫隙及裂縫、牧場、糞堆、下水道進入水中),置於地面上、牆壁上,或藉由周邊噴塗施加及誘餌。
根據本發明另一較佳實施例,為用於抵抗非植物致病害蟲(例如螞蟻、白蟻、黃蜂、蒼蠅、蚊子、蟋蟀、蝗蟲、或蟑螂),將本發明混合物製成誘餌製劑。
誘餌可為液體、固體或半固體製劑(例如凝膠)。組合物中所用誘餌係具有充分吸引力來引誘諸如螞蟻、白蟻、黃蜂、蒼蠅、蚊子、蟋蟀等昆蟲或蜚蠊食用其之產物。此引誘劑可選自業內易知之餵食興奮劑或副信息素及/或性信息素。
使用本發明混合物及其各自組合物來控制由非植物致病昆蟲傳播之傳染性疾病(例如瘧疾、登革熱及黃熱病、淋巴性絲蟲病、及利什曼病(leishmaniasis))之方法亦包括處理棚屋與房屋表面、空氣噴灑及浸漬窗簾、帳篷、衣物、蚊帳、采采蠅捕集器或諸如此類。施加至纖維、織物、針織品、非織物、網狀材料或箔及防水油布之殺昆蟲組合物較佳包括含有本發明混合物、(視需要)防護劑及至少一種黏合劑之組合物。
本發明混合物及包括其之組合物可用於保護木製材料(例如樹、木柵欄、枕木等)及建築物(例如房屋、附屬建築物、工廠),其亦可用於保護建築材料、傢具、皮革、纖維、乙烯製品、電線及電纜等免受螞蟻及/或白蟻之侵害,且用於控制螞蟻及白蟻以使其不會對作物或人類造成傷害(例如,當害蟲入侵房間及公共設施時)。
在土壤處理或施加至害蟲聚居地或巢穴之情形下,活性成份之量介於0.0001至500 g/100 m2,較佳為0.001至20 g/100 m2之間。
在保護材料時,常用施加率為(例如)0.01 g至1000 g活性化合物/m2處理材料,期望值為0.1 g至50 g/m2。
用於浸漬材料之殺昆蟲組合物通常含有0.001重量%至95重量%,較佳為0.1重量%至45重量%、且更佳地1重量%至25重量%之至少一種防護劑及/或殺昆蟲劑。
會在即用製劑中形成0.01重量%至60重量%,較佳為0.1重量%至40重量%之活性物質濃度。可在播種之前或期間進行施加。
分別將本發明混合物及其組合物施加至植物繁殖材料、尤其種子上之方法在業內已眾所周知,且包含但不限於拌種、種子塗敷、種子撒粉、種子浸泡、種子膜塗敷、種子多層塗敷、種子包殼、種子濕透、及種子粒化。
在一較佳實施例中,藉由不誘導發芽之方法(例如,藉由拌種、粒化、塗覆及撒粉)對植物繁殖材料分別施加該等化合物或其組合物。
在處理植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)時,本發明混合物之施加率通常可用於調配產物(其經常包括10 g/l至750 g/l之活性物質)。
本發明亦係關於植物、且尤其係種子之繁殖產物,其包括(亦即塗覆有及/或含有)如上文所定義混合物或包括兩種或兩種以上活性成份之本發明混合物的組合物(常用調配物)或兩種或兩種以上組合物(各自提供一種活性成份)之混合物。植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)包括以下量之本發明混合物:0.1 g至10 kg/100 kg植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子),較佳為0.1 g至1 kg/100 kg植物繁殖材料(較佳係種子)。
在播種植物之前或之後或在植物出苗之前或之後,藉由對種子、幼苗、植物或土壤進行噴霧或撒粉來分開或聯合施加本發明混合物中之化合物。
根據土壤施加之一種變化形式,本發明另一主題係犁溝為用於誘餌組合物中,活性成份之典型含量為0.0001重量%至15重量%、期望地0.001重量%至5%重量%之活性化合物。所用組合物亦可包括其他添加劑,例如活性材料之溶劑、矯味劑、防腐劑、染料或苦味劑。其吸引力亦可藉由特別之顏色、形狀或構造加以增強。
為用於噴霧組合物中,活性成份之混合物的含量為0.001重量%至80重量%,較佳為0.01重量%至50重量%且最佳地0.01重量%至15重量%。
如在開頭所提及,在本發明一較佳實施例中,使用本發明混合物來保護種子及幼苗之根及枝條,較佳為種子。
可在種植至田地中之前以種子盒形式實施種子處理。
出於種子處理目的,本發明混合物之重量比通常取決於本發明混合物中之化合物的性質。
尤其用於種子處理之常用調配物係例如:
A 可溶性濃縮物(SL、LS)
D 乳液(EW、EO、ES)
E 懸浮液(SC、OD、FS)
F 水可分散性顆粒及水溶性顆粒(WG、SG)
G 水可分散性粉末及水溶性粉末(WP、SP、WS)
H 凝膠調配物(GF)
I 可撒施粉末(DP、DS)
該等組合物可在稀釋後或不經稀釋施加至植物繁殖材料、尤其種子。該等組合物可在稀釋後或不經稀釋施加至植物繁殖材料、尤其種子。所述組合物在稀釋2至10倍後處理,其包括向開放犁溝中添加包括本發明混合物之固體或液體調配物,其中已進行播種,或另一選擇為,同時向開放犁溝中施加種子及調配物。
本發明混合物對擬控制之動物害蟲顯示協同作用。可將協同作用闡述為兩種或兩種以上化合物之混合物之組合效應大於每一化合物之個別效應總和的相互作用。可使用Colby方程來計算兩種混合成份(X及Y)之間存在的協同效應(以控制百分比形式表示)(Colby,S. R.,1967,Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses in Herbicide Combinations,Weeds,15,20-22):
在Colby式中,X及Y係針對給出濃度下之個別化合物所觀測之控制%。E係在以相同單獨施加濃度一起施加化合物時在不存在協同作用下預期之預期組合控制效應。若針對混合物觀測之控制效應(亦即觀測組合控制效應)大於自Colby式計算之預期組合控制效應(E),則觀測效應具有協同性。
下列測試顯示本發明化合物、混合物或組合物對於特定害蟲之控制效能。該等化合物、混合物或組合物所提供之害蟲控制保護並不限於該等種類。在某些情形下,發現本發明化合物與其他無脊椎害蟲控制化合物或試劑之組合可顯示抵抗某些重要無脊椎害蟲之協同效應。
使用Colby方程來確定對介於混合物或組合物間協同作用或拮抗作用的分析。
為經由接觸或內吸方式對野豌豆蚜蟲(蠶豆修尾蚜(Megoura viciae))之控制進行評估,在由含有蠶豆葉盤之24孔微量滴定板組成之測試單元中實施測試。
將個別化合物調配成含有75% v/v水及25% v/v二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之儲備溶液。使用水將儲備溶液稀釋至化合物或混合物之期望濃度,且使用定製之微量噴霧器將2.5 μl稀釋液噴塗至葉盤上,並重複兩次。對於該等測試中之實驗混合物,分別以期望濃度將相等體積之兩混合部分混合至一起。
施加後,將葉盤風乾,並將5-8只成年蚜蟲放置於微量滴定板孔中的葉盤上。然後使該等蚜蟲吸食經處理之葉盤,並在23±1℃、50±5% RH下培育5天。然後目測評價蚜蟲之死亡率及繁殖力。對於所測試混合物,結果列示於表1中。
*根據Colby方程計算之協同控制效應
為經由內吸方式對桃蚜(煙蚜(Myzus persicae))之控制進行評估,測試單元由含有位於人工膜下之液體人工餌料的96孔微量滴定板組成。
將個別化合物調配成含有75% v/v水及25% v/v二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之儲備溶液。使用水將儲備溶液稀釋至化合物或混合物之期望濃度,且使用定製之移液管將稀釋液移液至蚜蟲餌料中,並重複兩次。對於該等測試中之實驗混合物,分別以期望濃度將相等體積之兩混合部分混合至一起。
施加後,將5-8只成年蚜蟲放置於微量滴定板孔中之人工膜上。然後使該等蚜蟲吸食經處理之蚜蟲餌料,並在23±1℃、50±5% RH下培育3天。然後目測評價蚜蟲之死亡率及繁殖力。對於所測試混合物,結果列示於表2中。
*根據Colby方程計算之協同控制效應
為評估棉子象鼻蟲(棉鈴象甲(Anthonomus grandis))之控制,測試單元由含有昆蟲餌料及20-30只棉鈴象甲卵之24孔微量滴定板組成。
將個別化合物調配成含有75% v/v水及25% v/v二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之儲備溶液。使用水將儲備溶液稀釋至化合物或混合物之期望濃度,且使用定製之微量噴霧器將20 μl稀釋液噴塗至昆蟲餌料上,並重複兩次。對於該等測試中之實驗混合物,分別以期望濃度將相等體積之兩混合部分混合至一起。
施加後,將微量滴定板在23±1℃、50±5% RH下培育5天。然後目測評價卵及幼蟲之死亡率。對於所測試混合物,結果列示於表3中。
*根據Colby方程計算之協同控制效應
化合物M26.4:4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)胺基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮
Claims (11)
- 一種混合物,其包括1)下式之農藥化合物I
及2)農藥化合物II,其中該農藥化合物II係阿巴汀(abamectin);其中化合物I與化合物II之重量比率為1:500至500:1。 - 一種農藥組合物,其包括液體或固體載劑及如請求項1所述之混合物。
- 一種控制動物害蟲之農業方法,其中使用有效量之如請求項1所述之混合物來處理該害蟲、其棲息地、繁殖地、其所在地或欲防止害蟲侵襲之植物、土壤或植物繁殖材料。
- 一種控制動物害蟲及/或改良植物健康之方法,其中使用有效量之如請求項1所述之混合物來處理該植物、已種植或計畫種植植物之所在地或長成該植物之植物繁殖材料。
- 一種保護植物繁殖材料免受動物害蟲影響之方法,其包括使該等植物繁殖材料與殺害蟲有效量之如請求項1所述之混合物接觸。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中每100kg植物繁殖材料施加0.01g至10kg如請求項1所述之混合物。
- 如請求項3至6中任一項之方法,其中該等欲控制之動物害蟲係選自節肢動物害蟲之群。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該欲控制之動物害蟲係昆蟲。
- 一種如請求項1之混合物之用途,其係用於製備控制動物害蟲之農藥組合物。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該欲控制之動物害蟲係選自節肢動物害蟲之群。
- 如請求項10之用途,其中該欲控制之動物害蟲係昆蟲。
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