JP4368249B2 - 処理装置およびそれを用いた被処理水の処理方法 - Google Patents
処理装置およびそれを用いた被処理水の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 275
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 100
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 25
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- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 19
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/346—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from semiconductor processing, e.g. waste water from polishing of wafers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Description
本形態では、フッ素分を含む被処理水の処理方法を詳細に説明する。先ず図1を参照して、処理装置10Aを用いた被処理水の処理方法を説明する。ここでは、1つの処理槽11を用いて処理を行う方法を説明する。
式A:Ca2++2F−→CaF2
更に、フッ酸が含まれる被処理水は酸性であるが、消石灰を添加することによりPHが上昇してアルカリ性を示す。具体的には、消石灰が添加された被処理水のPHは、10程度の強いアルカリ性を示す。このように被処理水のPHを上昇させることで、カルシウム分とフッ素分との化合を促進させることができる。この化合を行うために最適な被処理水のPHは、10.5程度である。このように、本形態のフッ素分の固定化は、処理水のPHと密接に関連している。従って、被処理水12のPHを計測しつつ、上記カルシウム分の添加を行っても良い。更には、必要とされるカルシウム分の量を予め求めた後に、その量のカルシウム分の添加を行っても良い。
式B:Ksp=〔Ca2+〕〔F−〕2=8.6×10−11
フッ素イオンの放流基準値は、8mg/Lであり、フッ化カルシウムの溶解度積と消石灰の溶解度から、はPH10.4程度付近が好ましい。この時、フッ素イオン濃度を計算すると4.8mg/Lとなり理論的には、消石灰を被処理水に添加することで、被処理水を自然界に放流可能な程度にフッ素分の除去を行うことができる。
本実施の形態では、上記した処理装置10から得られた処理水から窒素分等を除去する方法を説明する。図7は、窒素分を除去する第3の処理層11Cの構成を示す図である。
式C NO3 −+H2O+2e−→NO2 −+2OH−
式D NO2 −+5H2O+6e−→NH3(aq)+7OH−
一方、アノード電極20A側では、アノード電極20Aの表面から活性酸素や次亜塩素酸が発生し、これにより、被処理水中におけるアンモニアの脱窒作用により、窒素ガスを生成する(式E)。また、アノード5におけるアンモニアへの脱窒反応を促進させるため、被処理水内に、例えば塩素イオンや、ヨウ素イオンや、臭素イオンなどのハロゲンイオンや、これらハロゲンイオンを含む化合物、例えば、塩化ナトリウムや塩化カリウムなどを添加する。このとき、被処理水に添加される塩化ナトリウムの塩素イオンは、例えば、10ppm以上40000ppm以下とする。これにより、例えば塩化ナトリウムを被処理水に添加した場合には、塩化ナトリウムは、アノードにおいて、酸化され、塩素を生成し(式F)、生成された塩素は、被処理水中で、水と反応し、次亜塩素酸を生成する(式G)。そして、生成された次亜塩素酸は、被処理水中に存するアンモニアと反応し、複数の化学変化を経た後、窒素ガスに変換される(式H)。以下に、式E乃至式Hを示す。更に本形態では、塩化カルシウムを被処理水12に添加する場合もあることから、被処理水12中には、塩化カルシウムから電離した塩素イオンが存在する。このことから、被処理水12から窒素分を除去するための電界処理が容易になる利点がある。
式E NH3(aq)+3(O)→N2↑+3H2O
式F NaCl→Na++Cl−
2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
式G Cl2+H2O→HClO+HCl
式H 2NH4+4HClO→N2↑+4HCl+4H2O
これにより、被処理水中内の硝酸態窒素、亜硝酸態窒素及びアンモニア態窒素などの窒素化合物をタンク内において、処理可能となる。
<第3の実施の形態>
本形態では、第1の実施の形態に於いて、被処理水12に浸漬される濾過膜13として適用可能な濾過機構の詳細を説明する。下記の形態では、自己形成膜を用いた濾過機構を説明するが、本発明には他の形態の濾過装置を適用することも可能である。
11、11A、11B 処理槽
12 被処理水
13 濾過膜
14 沈殿物
15 タンク
16 濾過水
17 フィルタープレス
18 散気装置
19 気泡
20A 電源
20B カソード
20C アノード
Claims (6)
- フッ素分を含む被処理水が貯留される処理槽と、
前記処理槽にカルシウム分を添加してフッ化カルシウムを生成する供給手段と、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む自己形成膜を備えると共に、前記処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水を濾過することにより前記被処理水に含まれる前記フッ化カルシウムを濃縮させるフィルタ装置と、
前記フィルタ装置で濾過後の前記被処理水を貯留するタンクと、を備え、
前記タンクの位置は、前記処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水の液面よりも上方であり、
前記フィルタ装置に前記タンク内に貯留されている前記被処理水を逆流させることで剥
離した前記自己形成膜が前記処理槽の底面に沈降することを特徴とする処理装置。 - フッ素分を含む被処理水が貯留される第1の処理槽と、
前記第1の処理槽にカルシウム分を添加してフッ化カルシウムを生成する供給手段と、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む前記被処理水が前記第1の処理槽から導入される第2の処理槽と、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む自己形成膜を備えると共に、前記第2の処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水を濾過することにより前記被処理水に含まれる前記フッ化カルシウムを濃縮させるフィルタ装置と、
前記フィルタ装置で濾過後の前記被処理水を貯留するタンクと、を備え、
前記タンクの位置は、前記第2の処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水の液面よりも上方であり、
前記フィルタ装置に前記タンク内に貯留されている前記被処理水を逆流させることで剥離した前記自己形成膜が前記第2の処理槽の底面に沈降することを特徴とする処理装置。 - 前記供給手段が供給する前記カルシウム分は消石灰であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の処理装置。
- フッ素分を含む被処理水にカルシウム分を添加してフッ化カルシウムを生成し、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む自己形成膜を備えるフィルタ装置により前記被処理水を濾
過することで、処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水に含まれる前記フッ化カルシウムを濃縮し、前記フィルタ装置で濾過後の前記被処理水を、前記処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水の液面よりも上方にあるタンクに貯留し、
前記フィルタ装置に前記タンク内に貯留されている前記被処理水を逆流させることで剥離した前記自己形成膜を前記処理槽の底面に沈降させることを特徴とする被処理水の処理方法。 - 第1の処理槽に貯留されたフッ素分を含む被処理水にカルシウム分を添加してフッ化カルシウムを生成し、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む前記被処理水を第2の処理槽に導入し、
前記フッ化カルシウムを含む自己形成膜を備えるフィルタ装置により前記第2の処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水を濾過することで、前記被処理水に含まれる前記フッ化カルシウムを濃縮し、前記フィルタ装置で濾過後の前記被処理水を、前記第2の処理槽に貯留された前記被処理水の液面よりも上方にあるタンクに貯留し、
前記フィルタ装置に前記タンク内に貯留されている前記被処理水を逆流させることで剥離した前記自己形成膜を前記第2の処理槽の底面に沈降させることを特徴とする被処理水の処理方法。 - 前記フッ化カルシウムをフッ素源として再利用することを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の被処理水の処理方法。
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| TW094112370A TWI298710B (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-04-19 | Processing apparatus and processing method of water using the same |
| US11/137,708 US7452463B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-05-26 | Apparatus for treating water |
| CNB2005100739813A CN1328191C (zh) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-05-27 | 处理装置及使用它的被处理水的处理方法 |
| KR1020050046154A KR100668012B1 (ko) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-05-31 | 처리 장치 및 이를 사용한 피처리수의 처리 방법 |
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| TW200540124A (en) | 2005-12-16 |
| KR100668012B1 (ko) | 2007-01-15 |
| US20050269271A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
| TWI298710B (en) | 2008-07-11 |
| US7452463B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
| CN1328191C (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
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