EP1301655B1 - Verfahren zur elektrolytischen verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen elektrolyten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur elektrolytischen verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen elektrolyten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1301655B1 EP1301655B1 EP01971759A EP01971759A EP1301655B1 EP 1301655 B1 EP1301655 B1 EP 1301655B1 EP 01971759 A EP01971759 A EP 01971759A EP 01971759 A EP01971759 A EP 01971759A EP 1301655 B1 EP1301655 B1 EP 1301655B1
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- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- electrolyte
- acid
- reaction
- metals
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 30
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical class OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IIWMSIPKUVXHOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCC IIWMSIPKUVXHOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 31
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Chemical group C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 aliphatic sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCO KWVPFECTOKLOBL-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMSUVWZFCQSDRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-sulfopropoxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCOCCCS(O)(=O)=O VMSUVWZFCQSDRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- DQIPXGFHRRCVHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium zinc Chemical group [Cr].[Zn] DQIPXGFHRRCVHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical group C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQULIMIQTCDUAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical group CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DQULIMIQTCDUAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHBLWIMFSFTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CS(O)(=O)=O PCHBLWIMFSFTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidoboron Chemical class O=[B] MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the electrolytic coating of metals Zinc or a zinc alloy, an electrolytic composition for an electrolytic Coating steel or iron with zinc or zinc alloys as well Use of additives to improve the surface roughness and avoid it of dendritic edge growth in the electrolytic coating of metals with zinc or a zinc alloy.
- Zinc coatings offer very good protection against atmospheric influences and are used to protect metals from corrosion. Galvanizing metals, especially iron or steel, is used on a large scale, e.g. for the Automotive industry. In addition, wires, e.g. for the electronics industry, tapes and pipes galvanized on a large scale.
- Galvanizing can be carried out in both acidic and alkaline or alkaline cyanide Electrolytes are made. Cyanide zinc electrolytes provide smooth, fine crystalline precipitation. The spreadability is very good in these baths However, current yield is poor, which means that it can only be used with relatively low current densities be electrolyzed. However, the current density is proportional to Coating speed. It is therefore desirable for economic reasons Electroysing at the highest possible current densities and thus the fastest possible zinc deposition to obtain.
- acidic electrolytes are preferred because, due to the applicability of high current densities up to 200 A / dm 2 with sufficient movement of the electrolyte and an almost 100% current efficiency rapid zinc deposition is possible.
- Electrolytes based on chloride or sulfate are usually used.
- US 4,207,150 discloses aqueous cyanide-free electrolytes for electrolytic galvanizing, which contain a water-soluble zinc salt and in which a quaternary butyl nicotinate salt is used as a shine-forming and scatter-improving additive.
- Be next to it preferably additionally polyether as brightener and methanesulfonic acid and their salts used as a spreading improver.
- the benefits of the additives used can be at pH values from 2 to 7.5 can be observed.
- US 5,616,232 relates to a method for the electrolytic deposition of zinc-chromium alloys in an acidic electrolyte.
- Polyethyleneoxyphenol derivatives are used as additives used to promote the deposition of the zinc-chromium alloy.
- EP-A 0 727 512 relates to the electrolytic deposition of zinc at high current densities.
- An electrolyte is used, containing zinc sulfate in an aqueous, acidic Electrolysis bath. In this electrolysis bath, dendrite formation and "combustion" are the Edges of the workpiece and the roughness of the zinc surface are reduced and the Grain size is checked.
- the electrolyte becomes highly molecular as additives Polyoxyalkylene glycols as grain refiners in combination with sulfonated Condensation products of naphthalene and formaldehyde as antidendritic Added reagents.
- EP-A 0 807 697 relates to electrolytes for the galvanic deposition of zinc at high Current densities and a pH of 2 to 5, which are the common problems with these Current densities should occur.
- These electrolytes essentially consist of a.
- Zinc salt selected from zinc sulfate and / or a zinc organosulfonate, as well a low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol based on Alkylene oxides with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an aromatic sulfonate and one Conductivity-increasing salt, preferably a potassium salt.
- EP-A 0 786 539 also relates to electrolytes for the galvanic deposition of zinc at high current densities which are the common problems that occur at these current densities should decrease.
- This additive is a polyoxyalkylene glycol homo or copolymer, based on alkylene oxides with 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- water-soluble boron oxide compounds, lignin compounds and / or a sulfonated Condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde may be included.
- a suitable electrolyte system for the deposition of zinc or Zinc alloys at high current densities desirable that the disadvantages of high speed deposition are simple Reduced in a wide pH range and current density range or entirely avoids
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for electrolytic deposition of zinc or zinc alloys at high current densities, that the disadvantages occurring in the prior art such as increased edge roughness galvanized workpieces due to dendrite growth and "burns" of the edges, increased roughness of the entire zinc layer and problems in controlling the Grain growth of the zinc layer is reduced or avoided.
- the metals to be galvanized are iron or metals containing iron, especially steel.
- the method according to the invention also includes the deposition of zinc alloys possible by adding appropriate metal salts to the electrolyte.
- suitable metal salts are chromium and nickel salts, which are preferably in the form of their sulfates and / or alkanesulfonates are used.
- the Electrolyte an alkanesulfonic acid.
- Alkanesulfonic acids in the context of the present invention are understood to mean aliphatic sulfonic acids. Their aliphatic radicals can optionally be substituted with functional groups or heteroatoms, for example hydroxyl groups. Alkanesulfonic acids of the general formulas are preferred R-SO 3 H or HO-R'-SO 3 H used.
- R is a hydrocarbon radical, which can be branched or unbranched, with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably one unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, very special preferably with 1 carbon atom, ie methanesulfonic acid.
- R ' is a hydrocarbon residue that can be branched or unbranched, with 2 to 12 Carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably one unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, the Hydroxy group and the sulfonic acid group can be bound to any carbon atoms can, with the restriction that they are not bound to the same carbon atom.
- methanesulfonic acid is very particularly preferred as alkanesulfonic acid used.
- the alkanesulfonic acid used especially methanesulfonic acid, enables a good one Conductivity of the electrolyte, high possible current densities and a very good spread in the deposition of zinc or zinc alloys.
- the Electrolyte either as the only acid an alkane sulfonic acid or a mixture of Sulfuric acid and alkanesulfonic acid.
- the electrolyte preferably contains 10 to 100 parts by weight an alkanesulfonic acid and 90 to 0 parts by weight of sulfuric acid, the sum of alkanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid is 100 parts by weight and a concentration from 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, of the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte preferably contains 10 to 90 parts by weight of an alkanesulfonic acid and 90 to 10 parts by weight of sulfuric acid, very particularly preferred are 20 to 80 parts by weight of one Alkanesulfonic acid and 80 to 20 parts by weight of sulfuric acid.
- alkanesulfonic acid as the only acid in the electrolyte is also possible.
- the electrolytes used in the process according to the invention are broad pH range of generally ⁇ 0.5 to 5 can be used.
- the one according to the invention is preferred Process at pH values from about 2.7 to 4, particularly preferably from 3 to 3.5 carried out. Even at low pH values, there is an optimal surface roughness and no or little dendritic edge growth is observed.
- the Electrolyte at least one zinc alkanesulfonate. It is also possible to use a mixture from an alkane sulfonate of zinc and zinc sulfate.
- Soluble anodes can be the zinc salt or the zinc alloy salt during the Electrolysis can be simulated.
- Alkanesulfonates for the purposes of the present invention are understood to mean aliphatic sulfonates. Their aliphatic radicals can optionally be substituted with functional groups or heteroatoms, for example hydroxyl groups. Alkanesulfonates of the general formulas are preferred R-SO 3 - or HO-R'-SO 3 ' used.
- R is a hydrocarbon radical, which can be branched or unbranched, with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably one unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, very special preferably with 1 carbon atom, ie methanesulfonate
- R ' is a hydrocarbon residue that can be branched or unbranched, with 2 to 12 Carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably one unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, the Hydroxy group and the sulfonate group can be attached to any carbon atoms can, with the restriction that they are not bound to the same carbon atom.
- Zinc methanesulfonate is very particularly preferred in the invention Process used.
- the zinc salt selected from zinc sulfate and / or an alkanesulfonate, preferably methanesulfonate, is generally present in an amount of> 5 g / l up to the saturation concentration of the corresponding zinc salt (or mixture) in the corresponding electrolyte.
- the corresponding zinc salt (or mixture) is preferably present in an amount of 10 to 250 g / l, preferably 30 to 250 g / l, particularly preferably 50 to 150 g / l, very particularly preferably 75 to 100 g / l, based on the Weight of zinc, calculated as g Zn 2+ per liter of electrolyte used.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for an electrolytic Zinc deposition at high current densities, i.e. for high-speed deposition of zinc, preferred for continuous galvanizing.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for a current density range of 10 to 500 A / dm 2 , preferably 20 to 400 A / dm 2 , particularly preferably 20 to 300 A / dm 2 .
- the current densities used depend, among other things, on the area of application.
- Pipes are generally coated at current densities of 10 to 75 A / dm 2 , and a layer thickness of the zinc surface of 0.2 to 20 ⁇ m is obtained.
- the workpiece is continuously guided through the electrolysis bath.
- the wire coating is generally carried out similarly to the coating of pipes.
- the current density is generally 10 to 100 A / dm 2 and the layer thickness of the zinc surface is 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the high speed deposition of zinc is generally at temperatures from room temperature (25 ° C.) to 75 ° C., preferably from 40 to 70 ° C.
- the additives used in the process according to the invention to improve the Surface roughness and avoidance of dendritic edge growth are selected from nitrogen-containing surface-active compounds which are ionic or cannot be ionic, sulfur-containing anionic surfactants Compounds as well as surface-active compounds, starting from multifunctional Alcohols with at least three hydroxyl groups.
- surface active compounds are both for use in electrolytes containing sulfuric acid as the only acid in the electrolyte suitable, as well as for the Use in electrolytes containing alkanesulfonic acid, preferably methanesulfonic acid and for use in electrolytes containing an alkanesulfonic acid, preferred Methanesulfonic acid, as the only acid.
- the additives in electrolytes are preferred used that contain an alkanesulfonic acid, either in a mixture with sulfuric acid or as the only acid.
- the surface-active compounds used according to the invention can be used individually or can be used as a mixture of two or more surface-active compounds.
- other commonly used additives such as Conductive salts are used.
- the surface-active compounds used in accordance with the invention also stand out the positive influences in particular on the surface roughness of the zinc surface and on the dendritic edge growth further by only one have a low tendency to foam. This property is for large-scale implementation electrolytic galvanizing of great importance.
- An optimal surface roughness (R a ) of generally 0.3 to 3 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 2 ⁇ m, can be set by the surface-active compounds used according to the invention. Uniformly thick, well-adhering zinc layers are obtained.
- the layer thickness of the zinc surfaces obtained with the method according to the invention is variable depending on the desired application. Usual layer thicknesses are generally 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the layer thicknesses to be produced depend on the field of application, the particularly preferred embodiment being for continuous strip galvanizing.
- the additives used according to the invention are used in an amount of 0.1 to 20 g / l, preferably from 0.5 to 10 g / l, particularly preferably from 1 to 6 g / l.
- the are as Additives used nitrogen-containing surface-active compounds that ionic (although the nitrogen itself can be quaternized) or non-ionic can be selected from polyethyleneimines and reaction products of amines with Epichlorohydrin.
- the polyethyleneimines can be both high molecular weight and low molecular weight, with average molecular weights of 400 to 1,000,000, the low molecular weight Polyethyleneimines with average molecular weights of 600 to 5000 are preferred. She are generally produced by customary methods. especially the Polyethyleneimines are preferred in electrolytes containing an alkanesulfonic acid, preferably methanesulfonic acid used. Suitable types are polyethyleneimines Lugalvan® G 15000 as well as Lugalvan® G 20 and Lugalvan® G 35.
- Suitable amines are heterocyclic Amines, in particular heterocyclic 5-rings such as pyrrole, pyrazole and imidazole, amines, those with aliphatic residues, or optionally with hydrogen (if primary or secondary amines), where the aliphatic radicals are the same as or can be different, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated and by further heteroatoms can be substituted.
- additives are the reaction products of imidazole with epichlorohydrin used.
- the reaction products with epichlorohydrin can with after their reaction suitable crosslinkers.
- these additives are the products that are used in a 0.3: 1 to 1: 0.3% by weight conversion, preferably in a 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5% by weight conversion obtained from imidazole and epichlorohydrin, particularly preferred.
- reaction products of dimethylaminopropylamine with epichlorohydrin preferred, which in particular after the implementation e.g. crosslinked with bisdichloroethane ether become.
- reaction products from an amine with epichlorohydrin already have an effect as the only additives in that used in the process according to the invention Electrolytes an improvement of the surface roughness and a reduction or Avoiding dendritic edge growth.
- Suitable commercially available Products are the types Lugalvan® IZE 2 and Lugalvan® IZE 3 from BASF AG as well MIRAPOL® WT from Rhodia.
- Preferred anionic surface-active sulfur-containing additives Compounds are selected from sulfates, preferably ether sulfates or alkyl sulfates with at least 5 carbon atoms, e.g. Ethyl hexyl sulfate (e.g. Lutensit® TC-EHS der BASF AG), sulfonates, preferably reaction products of propane sultone (e.g. the Ralufon® grades from Raschig) and isethionates (e.g. Lutensit® A-IS from BASF AG).
- sulfates preferably ether sulfates or alkyl sulfates with at least 5 carbon atoms, e.g. Ethyl hexyl sulfate (e.g. Lutensit® TC-EHS der BASF AG), sulfonates, preferably reaction products of propane sultone (e.g. the Ralufon® grades from
- Preferred ether sulfates are C 5 to C 12 phenol polyglycol ether sulfates and fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates.
- Preferred reaction products of propane sultone are sulfopropyl ether with 6 up to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain or an aryl group with an alkyl radical can be alkylated with 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- These sulfopropyl ethers can have a further 3 to 20 ethylene oxide units.
- These additives are preferably used in electrolytes containing alkanesulfonic acid.
- Suitable devices and electrodes for electrolytic galvanizing with the Methods according to the invention are generally dependent on the particular Field of application (e.g. pipe, strip, wire galvanizing). Basically, it can The inventive method in all the usual devices and with all the usual Electrodes are performed.
- Another object of the present invention is an electrolyte composition for electrolytic coating of metals with zinc or zinc alloys, containing a zinc salt and optionally further metal salts, an acid selected from Sulfuric acid or an alkanesulfonic acid or a mixture of the two acids and at least one additive selected from nitrogen-containing surfactants Compounds that can be ionic or non-ionic containing sulfur anionic surface-active compounds and surface-active compounds, starting from multifunctional alcohols with at least three hydroxyl groups.
- This electrolyte composition is particularly suitable for high-speed deposition of zinc or zinc alloys on metals, which at high Current densities take place.
- Electrolyte compositions can have the disadvantages known from the prior art high-speed deposition, in particular high surface roughness and dendritic edge growth can be reduced or avoided.
- Suitable metals, Electrolysis conditions, acids and zinc salts have already been mentioned above.
- An electrolyte composition containing additives is preferably used selected from polyethyleneimines and reaction products of amines with Epichlorohydrin, sulfates, preferably ether sulfates or alkyl sulfates with at least 5 Carbon atoms, e.g. Ethyl hexyl sulfate, sulfonates, preferably reaction products of propane sultone, and isethionates.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of Compounds selected from nitrogen-containing surface-active compounds, which can be ionic or non-ionic, sulfur-containing anionic surface-active compounds and surface-active compounds, starting from multifunctional alcohols with at least three hydroxyl groups as additives for Improve surface roughness and avoid dendritic Edge growth in the electrolytic coating of metals with zinc or a Zinc alloy in an electrolyte containing alkanesulfonic acid. Suitable metals, Electrolysis conditions, zinc salts and preferred additives are already in place mentioned above.
- the electrolyte compositions containing these additives are used in particular high speed electrolytic continuous deposition of zinc or Zinc alloys on metals containing iron, especially on steel, are used.
- Preferred areas of application are strip galvanizing, e.g. for making one or double-sided galvanized steel sheets for the automotive industry, the production of galvanized Steel pipes and strips as well as the production of galvanized wires.
- Zinc sulfate and zinc methanesulfonate were used as zinc salts, the latter being obtained by reacting zinc carbonate with methanesulfonic acid. All tests were carried out at 55 ° C., the deposition time was 84 s, the average current density was 20 A / dm 2 , which resulted in current densities of> 100 A / dm 2 in the edge region of the sheet to be coated.
- Lugalvan® IZE 2 a drastically reduced dendrite growth, better scattering and one significantly more uniform and closed zinc layer even in the high current density range, where the Layer thickness was about 40 microns.
- Example 2 is compared to Example 1 better dispersion and less edge burning even without the addition.
- the Addition of Lugalvan® IZE 3 effectively avoids dendritic growth and further improves the spread.
- Fig. 6a in middle current density range an approximately 7 ⁇ m thick zinc layer was obtained with the additive appears even and smooth (Fig. 6a), while without addition an uneven Layer is obtained which partially has pores up to the steel substrate (Fig. 6b).
- Example 1 The base electrolyte from Example 1 was mixed with 2 g / l Lugalvan® G20. There were comparable results as in Example 1 with the addition of Lugalvan® IZE 3 receive.
- Example 2 The base electrolyte from Example 2 was mixed with 2 g / l Mirapol® WT. There were comparable results as in Example 2 with the addition of Lugalvan® IZE 3 receive.
- Example 3 The base electrolyte from Example 3 was treated with 4 g / l ethoxylated sorbitol (24 Ethylene oxide units) added. The results were comparable to those with the addition obtained from Lugalvan® IZE 2 in Example 3. Burning and dendrite growth were very low and the spread was very good.
- Example 14 shows the dendrite growth in an electrolyte according to Example 3 with the addition of to recognize ethoxylated sorbitol.
- the base electrolyte from Example 3 was mixed with 4 g / l Lutensit® A-IS (isethionate). The burn was very low and the dendrite growth was moderate and the deposition very evenly.
- the base electrolyte from Example 3 was 2 g / l Lugalvan® IZE 2 and 4 g / l Lutensit® TC-EHS offset. The results were comparable to the addition of Receive Lugalvan® IZE 2. The burn was compared to Lugalvan® IZE 2 alone less, and no dendrite growth was discernible, the scatter was very good and the Deposition very evenly.
- Example 18 shows the dendrite growth in an electrolyte according to Example 3 with the addition of Lugalvan® IZE 2 and Lutensit® TC-EHS.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Claims (12)
- Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Beschichtung von Metallen mit Zink oder einer Zink-Legierung bei einer Stromdichte von 10 bis 400 A/dm2, wobei matte Oberflächen erhalten werden, durch Abscheidung von Zink aus einer Elektrolytlösung enthaltend ein Zinksalz, ausgewählt aus Zinksulfat oder einem Alkansulfonat des Zinks oder Gemischen davon, und gegebenenfalls weitere Metallsalze, eine Säure ausgewählt aus Schwefelsäure oder einer Alkansulfonsäure oder einem Gemisch der beiden Säuren und mindestens ein Additiv zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit und Vermeidung des dendritischen Kantenwachstums ausgewählt aus Polyethyleniminen, Umsetzungsprodukten von Aminen mit Epichlorhydrin, Alkylsulfaten mit mindestens 5 Kohlenstoffatomen, Sulfonaten und Isethionaten.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Elektrolyt enthaltend Methansulfonsäure eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren bei einem pH-Wert von 0,5 bis 5 durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren bei einem pH-Wert von 2,7 bis 4 durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Zinksalz das Methansulfonat des Zinks eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zinksalz in einer Menge von 30 bis 250 g/l, berechnet als Zink, eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrolytische Beschichtung bei einer Stromdichte von 20 bis 300 A/dm2 erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Umsetzungsprodukt von Aminen mit Epichlorhydrin ein 0,3 : 1- bis 1 : 0,3-Gew.-% Umsetzungsprodukt aus einem sekundären Amin und Epichlorhydrin ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Alkylsulfat mit mindestens 5 Kohlenstoffatomen Ethyl-hexyl-sulfat ist und das Sulfonat ein Umsetzungsprodukt des Propansultons ist.
- Elektrolytzusammensetzung für eine elektrolytische Beschichtung von Metallen mit Zink oder Zink-Legierungen, enthaltend ein Zinksalz und gegebenenfalls weitere Metallsalze, eine Säure ausgewählt aus Schwefelsäure oder einer Alkansulfonsaure oder einem Gemisch der beiden Säuren und mindestens ein Additiv ausgewählt aus Polyethyleniminen, Umsetzungsprodukten von Aminen mit a) Epichlorhydrin, Alkylsulfaten mit mindestens 5 Kohlenstoffatomen, b) Sülfonaten und c) Isethionaten.
- Elektrolytzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Additive ausgewählt aus 0,3 : 1 bis 1 : 0,3 Gew.-% Umsetzungsprodukten aus einem sekundären Amin und Epichlorhydrin, Ethyl-hexyl-sulfat und Umsetzungsprodukten des Propansultons eingesetzt werden.
- Verwendung von Verbindungen ausgewählt aus Polyethyleniminen, Umsetzungsprodukten von Aminen mit Epichlorhydrin, Alkylsulfaten mit mindestens 5 Kohlenstroffatomen, Sulfonaten und Isethionaten als Additive zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit und Vermeidung des dendritischen Kantenwachstums bei der elektrolytischen Beschichtung von Metallen mit Zink oder einer Zink-Legierung in einem allcansulfonsäurehaltigen Elektrolyten bei einer Stromdichte von 10 bis 400 A/dm2.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10033433A DE10033433A1 (de) | 2000-07-10 | 2000-07-10 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen Elektrolyten |
| DE10033433 | 2000-07-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/007876 WO2002004713A2 (de) | 2000-07-10 | 2001-07-09 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen elektrolyten |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1301655A2 EP1301655A2 (de) | 2003-04-16 |
| EP1301655B1 true EP1301655B1 (de) | 2004-05-26 |
Family
ID=7648386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01971759A Expired - Lifetime EP1301655B1 (de) | 2000-07-10 | 2001-07-09 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen elektrolyten |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6811673B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1301655B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004502876A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1188550C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE267895T1 (de) |
| AU (2) | AU2001291667B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0112349A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2415341A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10033433A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2220806T3 (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03000018A (de) |
| PL (1) | PL359778A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI229151B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002004713A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002345961A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-01-06 | Eda, Inc. | Zinc air battery with acid electrolyte |
| DE102005040964A1 (de) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | Dr. M. Kampschulte Gmbh & Co. Kg | Matte Zinkbeschichtung und Verfahren zur Abscheidung matter Zinkschichten |
| DE102006042076A1 (de) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-20 | Goldschmidt Tib Gmbh | Ein neues Additiv für Chromelektrolyte |
| JP5497261B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-15 | 2014-05-21 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ,エル.エル.シー. | インジウム組成物 |
| EP2848714B1 (de) * | 2008-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC | Verfahren zum Nachfüllen von Indiumionen in Indium-Elektroplattierzusammensetzungen |
| JP5299994B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-30 | 2013-09-25 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 銅−亜鉛合金電気めっき浴および銅−亜鉛合金めっき付きスチールコード用ワイヤ |
| CN102597329B (zh) * | 2009-07-30 | 2015-12-16 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含抑制剂的无空隙亚微米结构填充用金属电镀组合物 |
| US8497359B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2013-07-30 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Cationic electrodepositable coating composition comprising lignin |
| US9234291B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2016-01-12 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Zinc thin films plating chemistry and methods |
| JP5467374B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-04-09 | ユケン工業株式会社 | 軸体に電気めっきを形成するための装置、めっき皮膜を有する軸体の製造方法および軸体上に亜鉛系めっき皮膜を形成するためのめっき液 |
| CN106757189A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南衡阳新澧化工有限公司 | 一种含硫酸盐的添加剂及其制备方法 |
| JP6948053B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-12 | 2021-10-13 | 上村工業株式会社 | フィリングめっきシステム及びフィリングめっき方法 |
| CN114597386B (zh) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-05-12 | 浙江大学 | 一种锌金属电极及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4100040A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-07-11 | Columbia Chemical Corporation | Electrodeposition of bright zinc utilizing aliphatic ketones |
| DE2740592C2 (de) * | 1977-09-09 | 1981-11-19 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Galvanisches Zinkbad |
| CA1134317A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1982-10-26 | Sylvia Martin | Zinc electroplating bath |
| US4207150A (en) | 1978-01-25 | 1980-06-10 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Electroplating bath and process |
| IT1206252B (it) * | 1986-03-03 | 1989-04-14 | Omi Int Corp | Elettrolita per l'elettrodeposizione di leghe di zinco |
| DE3816419C1 (de) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-04-06 | Rasselstein Ag, 5450 Neuwied, De | |
| US5616232A (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1997-04-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing zinc-chromium alloy-electroplated steel plate |
| ATE182184T1 (de) | 1995-02-15 | 1999-07-15 | Atotech Usa Inc | Elektrogalvanisierungsverfahren auf zinksulfatbasis mit hoher stromdichte sowie die zugehörige zusammensetzung |
| EP0786539A2 (de) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-30 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Elektrogalvanisierungsverfahren mit hoher Stromdichte auf Zinkorganophosphonatbasis sowie die zugehörige Zusammensetzung |
| US5788822A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1998-08-04 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | High current density semi-bright and bright zinc sulfur-acid salt electrogalvanizing process and composition |
| US6176996B1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2001-01-23 | Sungsoo Moon | Tin alloy plating compositions |
-
2000
- 2000-07-10 DE DE10033433A patent/DE10033433A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-07-09 CN CNB018138705A patent/CN1188550C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-09 AU AU2001291667A patent/AU2001291667B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-09 MX MXPA03000018A patent/MXPA03000018A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-09 US US10/332,578 patent/US6811673B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-09 CA CA002415341A patent/CA2415341A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-09 PL PL35977801A patent/PL359778A1/xx unknown
- 2001-07-09 EP EP01971759A patent/EP1301655B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-09 JP JP2002509564A patent/JP2004502876A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-09 DE DE50102424T patent/DE50102424D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-09 AU AU9166701A patent/AU9166701A/xx active Pending
- 2001-07-09 BR BR0112349-1A patent/BR0112349A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-09 WO PCT/EP2001/007876 patent/WO2002004713A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-09 AT AT01971759T patent/ATE267895T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-09 ES ES01971759T patent/ES2220806T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-10 TW TW090116858A patent/TWI229151B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030141195A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| DE10033433A1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
| ES2220806T3 (es) | 2004-12-16 |
| WO2002004713A2 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
| AU9166701A (en) | 2002-01-21 |
| JP2004502876A (ja) | 2004-01-29 |
| CN1446272A (zh) | 2003-10-01 |
| BR0112349A (pt) | 2003-07-01 |
| CN1188550C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
| MXPA03000018A (es) | 2003-07-14 |
| US6811673B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
| EP1301655A2 (de) | 2003-04-16 |
| CA2415341A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| PL359778A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
| ATE267895T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
| AU2001291667B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
| DE50102424D1 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
| WO2002004713A3 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
| TWI229151B (en) | 2005-03-11 |
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