CN1048159C - 制备含咪唑基链烯酸的药物组合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备含咪唑基链烯酸的药物组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1048159C CN1048159C CN93103111A CN93103111A CN1048159C CN 1048159 C CN1048159 C CN 1048159C CN 93103111 A CN93103111 A CN 93103111A CN 93103111 A CN93103111 A CN 93103111A CN 1048159 C CN1048159 C CN 1048159C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- imidazoles
- butyl
- normal
- thienyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 amino-2-oxoethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 214
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 198
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 102000008873 Angiotensin II receptor Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108050000824 Angiotensin II receptor Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002333 angiotensin II receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 193
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 151
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 117
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 104
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 49
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 45
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 39
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 29
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 23
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 21
- CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N (3s)-3-amino-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(1s)-1-carboxyethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-ox Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 102000005862 Angiotensin II Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 20
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 14
- JKJJSJJGBZXUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)OC JKJJSJJGBZXUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IFEVJPKAUPPDMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC1C(C(O)=O)=C(C)C=CC1(C(O)=O)C(C=CC=C1)=C1Cl Chemical compound CCCCC1C(C(O)=O)=C(C)C=CC1(C(O)=O)C(C=CC=C1)=C1Cl IFEVJPKAUPPDMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 12
- MMYLSWWUUOOTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(CBr)C(Cl)=C1 MMYLSWWUUOOTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 10
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 8
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GQWNPIKWYPQUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-3-enoic acid Chemical compound C=CC(C)C(O)=O GQWNPIKWYPQUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VPEASPXDGDGZIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxy-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical class CCOC1=CN=C(C)N1 VPEASPXDGDGZIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UJHSIDUUJPTLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJHSIDUUJPTLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SLLDUURXGMDOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-1h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCC1=NC=CN1 SLLDUURXGMDOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QYBUJXKLKNEWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1C(C(=O)O)(C=CC(=C1C(=O)O)C)C1=C(C=CC=C1F)Cl Chemical compound C(CCC)C1C(C(=O)O)(C=CC(=C1C(=O)O)C)C1=C(C=CC=C1F)Cl QYBUJXKLKNEWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- WBOHXLDSPBIPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine Chemical compound CN(C1=CC=NC2=NC=CC=C12)C WBOHXLDSPBIPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AYDXNDPOHPXDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-butyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylimidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical class CCCCC1=NC(C)=C(CO)N1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl AYDXNDPOHPXDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036454 renin-angiotensin system Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- FUOHKPSBGLXIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)thiophene Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CS1 FUOHKPSBGLXIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXGUOYFSCUMCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(C(O)=O)=C(C=C1)C(C=CC=C2)=C2Cl)=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound CC(C(C(O)=O)=C(C=C1)C(C=CC=C2)=C2Cl)=C1C(O)=O AXGUOYFSCUMCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 4
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical class CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- NPSDMKJMZURGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(CBr)C(Cl)=C1 NPSDMKJMZURGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZPHGMBGIFODUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-ylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CS1 ZPHGMBGIFODUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YADYZZZSEQSSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;1h-imidazole;dichloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2].C1=CNC=N1 YADYZZZSEQSSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P9/02—Non-specific cardiovascular stimulants, e.g. drugs for syncope, antihypotensives
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Abstract
具有下式的血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂,该类拮抗剂可用于治疗高血压、充血性心力衰竭、肾衰竭和青光眼。本发明提供了含有上述拮抗剂的药物组合物及其制备方法,用上述化合物在喂乳动物体内产生血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗作用的方法。下式中,各基团的定义同说明书中。
Description
本发明是关于新的咪唑基-链烯酸,它们是血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂,可用于调节由血管紧张素II所引起或加重的高血压,并可用于治疗充血性心方衰竭、肾衰竭和青光眼。本发明还涉及含有咪唑基-链烯酸的药物组合物,应用上述化合物作为血管紧张素II拮抗剂、作为抗高血压剂以及作为治疗充血性心力衰竭、肾衰竭和青光眼药剂的方法。
称为血管紧张素的肽加压激素是引起与人高血压病因学有关的血管收缩作用的主要原因。肾素-血管紧张素系统的不适当的作用看来是本质性高血压、充血性心力衰竭和某些形式肾病的关键要素。除了对动脉和小动脉直接作用之外,血管紧张素II(AII)(它是已知最有效的内原性血管收缩剂)还对肾上腺皮质释放醛甾酮具有促进作用。由于肾素-血管紧张素系统可以参与肾钠的控制,因此肾素-血管紧张素在心血管止血方面起着重要的作用。
用转化酶抑制剂(如甲巯丙脯酸)阻断肾素-血管紧张素系统,临床上已经证明治疗高血压和充血性心力衰竭是有效的(Abrams,W.B.,等:Federation Proc.,43,1314(1984))。抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统最直接的方法是阻断在受体上AII的作用。有力的证据表明,AII还对许多疾病(如心力衰竭、硬变和妊娠并发症)特有的肾血管收缩和钠潴留产生影响(Hollenberg,N.K.,J.Cardiovas.Pharmacol.,6,S176(1984)。此外,新近动物研究结果表明,肾素-血管紧张素系统的抑制可能有利于防止或延缓慢性肾衰竭的发展(Anderson,S.等:J.Clin.Invest.,76,612(1985))。另外,最近的专利申请(南非专利申请87/01653)提出,AII拮抗剂作为减低或控制在哺乳动物中升高的眼内压的药剂是有效的,尤其对青光眼更有效。
本发明化合物可抑制、阻断和拮抗激素AII的作用,因此可用于调节或缓和由血管紧张素所引起的高血压、充血性心力衰竭、肾衰竭和由于AII作用所引起的其他疾病。当将本发明化合物给哺乳动物服用时,可以使由于AII引起的升高的血压降下来,并可以使AII所引起的其他病症减至最轻或得到控制。预计本发明化合物还具有利尿作用。
对于阻断和抑制AII作用的重要性的认识,促进努力合成AII的拮抗剂。下述参考文献已经公开了具有阻断AII作用并可用作为抗高血压剂的咪唑衍生物。
Furukawa等(USP 4,340,598)公开了咪唑-5-基乙酸和咪唑-5-基丙酸类化合物。更具体地说,包括1-苄基-2-正丁基-5-氯咪唑-4-乙酸和1-苄基-2-苯基-5-氯咪唑-4-丙酸。
Furukawa等(USP 4,355,040)公开了取代的咪唑-5-乙酸衍生物。具体地说,公开的一个化合物是1-(2-氯苄基)-2-正丁基-4-氯咪唑-5-乙酸。
Carini等(EP 253,310)公开了某些咪唑基丙烯酸类化合物。在该专利申请中所述的两个中间体为3-〔1-(4-硝基苄基)-2-丁基-4-氯咪唑-5-基〕丙烯酸乙酯和3-〔2-丁基-4-氯-1-(4-氨基苄基)咪唑-5-基〕丙烯酸乙酯。
Wareing(PCT/EP,86/00297)还公开了作为中间体的某些咪唑基丙烯酸酯类化合物。在62页上,式(CX)是3-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-4-异丙基-2-苯基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-丙烯酸乙酯。
作为血管紧张素II受体阻断剂的本发明化合物或其可药用的盐可以用下式(I)表示,式中R1为苯基、联苯基、萘基或金刚烷基甲基,它们可以是未被取代的,或者由1~3个取代基取代,取代基系选自Cl、Br、F、I、C1-4烷基、硝基、CO2R7、四唑-5-基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、SC1-4烷基、SO2NHR7、NHSO2R7、SO3H、CONR7R7、CN、SO2C1-4烷基或CnF2n+1,其中n为1~3;
R2为C2-10烷基,C3-10链烯基,C3-10炔基,C3-6环烷基,或者为未被取代的(CH2)0-8苯基,或者是由1~3个取代基取代的(CH2)0-8苯基,取代基系选自C1-4烷基、硝基、Cl、Br、F、I、羟基、C1-4烷氧基、NR7R7、CO2R7、CN或CONR7R7;
X为单键、硫或氧;
R3为H、Cl、Br、F、I、CHO、羟甲基、COOR7、CONR7R7、NO2或CnF2n+1,其中n为1~3;
R4和R5独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、噻吩基-Y-、呋喃基-Y-、吡唑基-Y-、咪唑基-Y-、吡咯基-Y-、三唑基-Y-、噁唑基-Y-、异噁唑基-Y-、噻唑基-Y-、吡啶基-Y-、或四唑基-Y-,但是R4和R5不都选自氢或C1-6烷基,各杂环可以是未取代的,也可以是由1~3个取代基取代的,取代基选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、Cl、Br、F、I、NR7R7、CO2R7、SO2NHR7、SO3H或CONR7R7;
Y为单键、氧、硫,或者为直链或支链的或由苯基或苄基任意取代的C1-6亚烷基,其中每个芳基可以是未被取代的,或者是由卤素、NO2、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、CN或CO2R7取代的;
R6为-Z-COOR8或-Z-CONR7R7;
Z为单键,乙烯基,-CH2-O-CH2-,由C1-4烷基、1或2个苄基、噻吩甲基或呋喃甲基任意取代的亚甲基,或-C(O)NHCHR9-,其中R9为氢、C1-4烷基、苯基、苄基、噻吩甲基或呋喃甲基;
各个R7独立地为氢、C1-4烷基或(CH2)m苯基,其中m为0~4;
R8为氢、C1-6烷基或2-二(C1-4烷基)氨基-2-氧代乙基。
R4和R5中之一为氢或C1-6烷基较好。
本发明较好的化合物或其可药用的盐以式(1)表示,其中
R1为未被取代的苯基,或者是由1~3个取代基取代的苯基,取代基系选自氯、氟、三氟甲基、硝基、甲基、甲氧基、羟基、磺酰氨基、羧基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、氨基甲酰基、氰基或四唑-5-基;
X为单键;
R2为C2-8烷基;
R3为氢、氯、氟或三氟甲基;
R4为氢或C1-4烷基;
R5为噻吩甲基、呋喃甲基、咪唑甲基,或吡啶甲基,各基团可由甲基或甲氧基任意取代;
R6为COOH、COOC1-2烷基、或CONH2。
E异构体(羧基和咪唑基的反式立体化学)一般活性较高,因此E异构体比Z异构体(顺式)要好。
本发明所用的术语烷基、链烯基、烷氧基和炔基是指具有一定链长的直链或支链的碳链,链长决定于该术语前的描述符。
本发明的具体化合物包括下述化合物或其可药用的盐,但不限于这些化合物:
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-咪唑基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲氧基-2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2,3-二氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-3-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正己基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,及
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-三氟甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
本发明还涉及包含-种药物载体和有效量的式(I)化合物的药物组合物。
本发明还包括拮抗血管紧张素II受体的方法,该方法包括给需要的主体服用有效量的式(I)化合物。服用本发明化合物产生抗高血压作用的方法和治疗充血性心力衰竭、青光眼和肾衰竭的方法也包括在本发明中。
本发明化合物通过下述方法制备,并以实例说明。试剂、保护基、咪唑与其他分子碎片上的官能度必须与所提出的化学变化相协调。合成步骤必须与咪唑及分子其他部分的官能团和保护基相适合。
起始原料2-R2X-咪唑在该技术领域内是已知的(J.Orq.Chem.45:4038,1980),或者可按已知的方法合成。例如,通过下述反应可以将咪唑转变为2-正丁基咪唑:使咪唑与原甲酸三乙酯和对甲苯磺酸反应,得到1-二乙氧基原酰胺咪唑,然后再用正丁基锂处理,得到原酰胺的2-锂衍生物,并在合适的溶剂(如四氢呋喃(THF))中用正丁基碘进行烷基化。
下述方法尤其可用于制备其中R1为2-氯苯基,R2为正丁基,R3为氢、氯或CF3,R4为氢,R6如式(I)中所述,R6为COOR6,R8为氢、甲基或乙基的式(I)化合物。
按已知的方法可以将基团1-R1CH2-基结合到2-R2X-咪唑上,例如在合适的溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF))中,在合适的酸接受剂(如烷基钠,碳酸钾,碳酸钠,或金属氢化物,最好为氢化钠)存在下,于反应温度25~100℃(最好为50℃),与R1-CH2卤化物、甲磺酸酯或乙酸酯反应,例如与2-氯苄基溴反应。使生成的1-R1CH2-2-R2X咪唑在5位进行羟甲基化,例如在乙酸钠存在下,在乙酸中与甲醛反应,得到1-R1CH2-2-R2X-5-羟甲基咪唑中间体。
另外,1-R1CH2-2-R2-5-羟甲基咪唑中间体可以由下法制备:使亚氨基醚R2-C(=NH)-O-烷基(如戊眯甲基醚)与二羟基丙酮于液氨中在压力下进行反应,得到2-R2-5-羟甲基咪唑。使该中间体与乙酐反应,得到1-乙酰基-5-乙酰氧基甲基-2-R2-咪唑。将中间体二乙酸酯进行N-烷基化(例如用2-氯苄基三氟甲磺酸酯),生成的1-R1CH2-2-R2-5-乙酰氧基甲基咪唑用碱的水溶液(如10%氢氧化钠溶液)处理,得到中间体1-R1CH2-2-R2-5-羟甲基咪唑。
此外,2-R1S-咪唑类化合物可以按下法制备。于合适的溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)中,在碱(如三乙胺)存在下,将由1~3个取代基取代的苄基胺用氯乙酸C1-6烷基酯(如氯乙酸甲酯)进行烷基化,取代基系选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、CN、NO2、CF3、CO2C1-6烷基、SC1-4烷基或SO2C1-4烷基。生成的烷氨基烷基酯类化合物在合适的溶剂(如二甲苯)存在下用甲酸进行N-甲酰化,接着使氨基和酯基共同的α-碳甲酰化。在惰性有机溶剂(如C1-4烷基醇)中使上述中间体与酸性硫氰酸盐(最好为硫氰酸钾)反应,得到1-RCH2-2-巯基-5-链烷酸酯咪唑类化合物。在合适的碱(如碳酸钠)存在下,于适当的溶剂(如乙酸乙酯)中,使酯咪唑中游离的巯基与卤素-R10化合物反应〔其中R10可以为C2-10烷基、C3-10链烯基、C3-10炔基、C3-6环烷基或任意取代的(CH2)0-8Ph〕,最好与丙基溴反应。在适当的溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中,于-78℃~25℃,最好低于-10℃,用合适的试剂,最好为氢化二异丁基铝,将上述酯还原为中间体羟甲基咪唑。
将上面制得的中间体中的羟甲基用合适的试剂(如无水铬酸-硅胶)在四氢呋喃中氧化为醛,或者最好用活化的二氧化锰在合适溶剂(如苯、甲苯,最好为二氯甲烷)中进行氧化,反应温度为25℃~140℃,最好为25℃。使1-R1CH2,-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛与合适的膦酸酯如表I所述的膦酸酯(实例2-5)进行反应。膦酸酯可按下法制备:例如在合适的碱(如氢化钠)存在下,于适当溶剂(最好为甘醇二甲醚)中,在25℃~110℃(最好为55℃)的反应温度下,以三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯为原料,用合适的卤化物、甲磺酸酯或乙酸酯进行烷基化,得到表I所示的膦酸酯。使咪唑-5-甲醛与膦酸酯的反应在合适的碱(如金属烷氧化物、氢化锂,最好为氢化钠)存在下,于适当溶剂(如乙醇、甲醇、乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃或最好为甘醇二甲醚)中,反应温度为10℃~50℃,最好为25℃的条件下进行,得到反式和顺式(即(E)和(Z))的1-R1CH2-2-R2X-5-CH=C(R5)-(COO-烷基)咪唑的可变混合物。这些异构体以硅胶层析,经合适的溶剂系统(最好为己烷和乙酸乙酯混合液)洗脱,可以容易地进行分离。用碱,如氩氧化钾、氢氧化锂或氢氧化钠,在合适的溶剂系统(如稀醇或二甘醇二甲醚)中,将上述酯水解成酸1-R1CH2-2-R2X-5-CH=C(R5)COOH-咪唑。通过核磁共振(NMR)(核极化效应(NOE))以及生物活性,可以容易地确定上述酸的反式和顺式结构,一般说来反式(E)异构酸比顺式的活性更高。
另外,1-R1CH2-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛可以按下法制备。使起始原料2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛与N-烷基化保护剂如氯甲基新戊酸酯(POM-Cl)在碱(如碳酸钾)存在下,于适当的溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)中,在20℃~50℃,最好在25℃进行反应,得到在咪唑母核的受阻最小的氮原子上的N-烷基化(例如得到POM衍生物)。在80℃~125℃,最好在100℃,使以上制得的醛用卤代甲基苯类化合物(如4-溴代甲基-3-氯苯甲酸甲酯)进行N-烷基取代,将1-R1CH2-基团连结到咪唑上。咪唑环的3位氮上的保护基通过碱(例如用乙酸乙酯和碳酸钠水溶液二相混合物)水解脱去,得到1-R1CH2-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛类化合物。式(I)化合物可以按以上方法从这些5-甲醛类化合物制得。
其中R6为COOR8,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5同式(I)中所述,并且R8为氢,甲基或乙基的式(I)化合物还可以按下法制备。
使起始原料2-R2X-咪唑与三甲基甲硅烷基乙氧基甲基(SEM)氯化物反应,得到1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基-2-R2X-咪唑。该反应在例如氢化钠存在下,于溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)中进行。5-三丁基锡衍生物可以按下法制备:在合适的溶剂(最好为乙醚)中,例如用丁基锂进行锂化,接着使该锂咪唑衍生物与三丁基锡卤化物(最好为三正丁基锡氯化物)于-10℃~35℃(最好在25℃)反应。使1-SEM-2-R2X-5-三丁基锡咪唑与β位上带有离去基团(如卤化物或三氟甲磺酰氧基)的α,β-不饱和酸酯〔如BrCR4=C(R6)(COO烷基)〕进行偶合,反应条件是:在膦配位体(如双(二苯膦基)丙烷或三苯膦和钯(II)化合物)存在下,或最好在四(三苯膦)钯(0)存在下,在用碱(如三丁胺)或不用碱情况下,温度为50℃~150℃,最好为120℃。按上述方法制得了烯属异构体(E)和(Z),该异构的酯经硅胶层析可以容易地分离。(E)和(Z)异构体的1-SEM基团可以在适当的醇溶剂(如甲醇或乙醇)中用酸(如盐酸水溶液)进行水解脱去,用二叔丁基二碳酸酯将1-未取代的咪唑衍生物转变为1-叔丁氧基羰基(t-BOC)咪唑(Hoppe-Seyler′S Z.Physiol.Chem.,357,1651(1976))。在合适的碱,最好是二异丙基乙胺存在下,于适当溶剂,最好为二氯甲烷中,上述t-BOC酯可以用例如2-氯苄基-O-三氟甲磺酸酯进行烷基化和水解,得到1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-咪唑衍生物(酯)。按以上所述的方法,可以将(E)和(Z)异构体水解成酸的(E)和(Z)异构体。
式(I)化合物还可以按下法制备。在碱(如哌啶)存在下,于适当溶剂(如甲苯)中,在80℃~110℃,最好在100℃,使上述制备的1-R1CH2-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛与丙二酸酯的半酯、半酸衍生物(如2-羧基-3-苯基丙酸乙酯进行反应。生成的1-R1CH2-2-R2X-5-CH=C(R5)COO-烷基-咪唑按上述碱水解方法经水解得到相应的式(I)酸化合物。
其中R1为2-氯苯基,R2为正丁基,R3为H、Cl或CF3,R4为甲基,R5同式(I)中所述,R6为COOR8,其他参数同以上所述的式(I)化合物可以按下法制备。用有机金属衍生物或格利雅试剂(最好用甲基锂),于适当溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中将按以上所述制得的1-R1CH2-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛转变成相应的醇。用例如二氧化锰将该醇氧化,得到酮。该酮与合适的膦酸酯反应制得的。烯属酯的(E)和/或(Z)异构体可以容易地分离。按上述碱水解的方法,从该酯可以制得酸。
其中R3为H、Cl、CH2OH或CF3的式(I)化合物还可以按下法制备。使1-R1(CH2)-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛与取代的乙酯或甲酯的锂衍生物反应。上述锂衍生物可以这样制备:在适当溶剂(最好为四氢呋喃)中,在-78℃~10℃,最好在-78℃,使二异丙基氨基锂与酸酯(如ROOC-CH2-Y-(2-噻吩基))反应,生成α-锂衍生物,然后再使其与咪唑甲醛反应。将中间体咪唑酯的β-羟基转变为甲磺酸酯或乙酸酯,将该甲磺酸酯(最好为该乙酸酯)于合适的溶剂(如甲苯)中,在50~110℃,最好在80℃与1或2个当量的1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕+-碳-7-烯一起加热,得到式(I)的酯化合物,如3-(咪唑-5-基)-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸酯。(E)异构体是主要的烯属异构体。按上述方法,从上述酯可以得到酸。
其中R1为2-氯苯基,R2为正丁基,R3为氢、Cl、CF3或CH2OH,R4为H,R5为式(I)中所述的杂环基或取代杂环基,R6为COOH的式(I)化合物可以按下法制备:于50℃~180℃,最好在140℃将1-R1-CH2-2-R2X-咪唑-5-甲醛与适当取代的杂环基乙酸、乙酐和碳酸钾一起加热,得到式(I)不饱和的酸,如3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-R6-2-丙烯酸。反式烯属酸是主要产物。
其中R6为Z-COOR8(这里Z为任意取代的亚甲基)的式(I)化合物可以按下法制备:用合适的氢化物试剂(最好为氢化二异丁基铝),于适当溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中,将3-(咪唑-5-基)-2-丙烯酸酯的反式或(E)异构体(上述制备的)还原,得到不饱和的醇类化合物。在适当的溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中,用碱(最好为三乙胺),使上述化合物与氯代甲酸乙酯反应,得到5-EtOOCOCH2CR5=CR4-咪唑,使其在膦配位体〔最好为三苯膦和乙酸钯(II)〕存在下,于适当溶剂(最好为四氢呋喃)中,在25℃~110℃(最好在40℃)与一氧化碳反应,得到5-EtOOCCH2CR5=CR4-咪唑。按上述碱水解的方法,可以由上述乙基酯制得相应的酸。
其中Z为-CH2COOR8,并且在该羧酸酯基的α碳原子上有另外取代基的式(I)化合物可以按下法制备:用二烷基氨基锂,最好为二异丙基氨基锂将5-EtOOCH2CR5=CR4-咪唑转变为该酯的锂衍生物,然后与烷基化剂(如甲基卤、苄基溴、杂环甲基卤)反应,得到单烷基化的化合物或二烷基化的化合物。从该酯通过碱水解,可以得到化合物酸。
其中R6为Z-COOR8(这里Z为-CH2-O-CH2-)的式(I)化合物可以从式(I)丙烯酸酯还原后制备的不饱和的醇类化合物制备。使该醇与适当的氢化物试剂(如氢化钠)于合适的溶剂(如甘醇二甲醚)中反应,接着与烷基化剂(如溴代乙酸甲酯)反应,得到5-MeOOCCH2-O-CH2CR5=CR4-咪唑。按上述碱水解的方法,从上述酯可以制得相应的酸。
其中R6为Z-COOR8(这里Z为-C(O)NHCHR9-)的式(I)化合物可以从式(I)丙烯酸类化合物制备。将上述酸与适当取代的氨基酸(如甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐或苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐)在形成酰胺试剂(如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和二环己基碳化二亚胺)和碱(如三乙胺)存在下,于合适溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中在20℃~50℃,最好在35℃反应。按上述碱水解的方法,将5-C1-4烷基-OOCCHR9NH-C(O)-CH2CR5=CR4-咪唑转变为相应的酸。
其中R1取代基为被羟基取代的式(I)化合物可以应用醚键裂解试剂(如三溴化硼或氢溴酸),从其中R1基团为被C1-4烷氧基取代的式(I)化合物制备。
其中R1取代基为被羧基取代的式(I)化合物可以应用碱性水解,例如用氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾水溶液的甲醇或乙醇溶液进行水解,或者应用酸性水解,例如用盐酸水溶液进行水解,从其中R1基团为被CO2C1-4烷基取代的式(I)化合物制备。
其中R1取代基为被四唑-5-基取代的式(I)化合物可以从相应的羧基化合物制得。例如使式(I)酸类化合物与卤化剂(如亚硫酰氯)于适当溶剂(如苯)中进行反应,得到相应的酰基卤化合物。然后与浓氨水反应将该酰基卤转变为伯酰胺化合物。接着在乙腈/二甲基甲酰胺中,用草酰氯/二甲基甲酰胺使酰胺脱水,得到腈类化合物,该腈类化合物是式(I)四唑类化合物的直接前体。使该腈与叠氮化物,最好是叠氮化铝(由叠氮化钠与氯化铝就地制备),于适当溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中反应,制得四唑类化合物。其中R6为-Z-CO2H的式(I)化合物可以按上述碱水解的方法由上述式(I)四唑酯类化合物制得。
按本技术领域已知的方法,与合适的有机或无机酸反应,可以制得式(I)化合物可药用的酸加成盐。例如,将碱与适当的无机酸或有机酸在水可混溶的溶剂(如乙醇)中反应,并且通过除去溶剂分离出生成的盐,或者在与水不混溶的但酸是可溶的溶剂(如乙醚或氯仿)中反应,并且将生成的盐直接分离出,或者通过除去溶剂分离出生成的盐。适当的酸的典型实例有马来酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、双羟萘酸、琥珀酸、二亚甲基水杨酸、甲磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、乙酸、丙酸、酒石酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、葡糖酸、天冬氨酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、衣康酸、羟基乙酸、对氨基苯甲酸、谷氨酸、苯磺酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、环己基氨基磺酸、磷酸和硝酸。
其中R8为氢的式(I)化合物的可药用的碱加成盐,可以按已知方法从有机碱和无机碱制得,所以碱包括无毒的碱金属碱和碱土金属碱,如氧氧化钙、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵;以及无毒的有机碱,如三乙胺、丁胺、哌嗪和(三羟甲基)甲胺。
用体内和体外试验的方法评价式(I)化合物拮抗血管紧张素II的活性。在体外试验中,用本发明化合物与125I-血管紧张素II竞争结合血管紧张素II受体的能力,以及在分离的兔主动脉中拮抗血管紧张素II的收缩反应的能力来测定其拮抗剂活性。在体内试验中,以本发明化合物抑制有意识大鼠的外源血管紧张素II升压反应的效果,以及在依赖肾素的大鼠高血压模型中降低血压的效果来评价其活性。
结合试验
放射配体结合测定法是以前详细叙述(Gunther等:Circ.Res.47:278,(1980))的方法的改进。将特定部位的大鼠肠系膜动脉置于三羟甲氨基甲烷缓冲液中,与80PM 125I-血管紧张素II一起并且加入或不加入血管紧张素II拮抗剂,然后将其置于25℃保温1小时。保温结束迅速地过滤,吸收在滤器上结合125I-血管紧张素II的受体用γ计数器进行定量测定。血管紧张素II拮抗剂的作用以IC50表示,IC50是取代全部特定结合的血管紧张素II的50%所需要的拮抗剂的浓度。本发明化合物(E异构体)的IC50值约为0.1nM-100μM。
主动脉试验
在兔主动脉中检查本发明化合物拮抗血管紧张素II所引起的血管收缩的能力。从免胸主动脉切下环状部分,并将其悬浮在含有生理盐水溶液的器官浴内。将环状部分固定在金属支托物上,并且与力换能器相连,该换能器与记录仪相连。记录没有拮抗剂存在下对血管紧张素II的累积浓度反应曲线,并记录与拮抗剂一起在30分钟保温后对血管紧张素II的累积浓度反应曲线。用平均有效浓度按剂量比值方法计算拮抗剂离解常数KB。本发明化合物(E异构体)的KB值约为0.1nM~30μM。
有意识大鼠对血管紧张素II升压反应的抑制作用
在大鼠体内进行手术,插入股动脉和静脉导管以及胃管(Gellai等:Kidney Int.15:419,(1979))。手术后2~3天,将大鼠置于限制笼内,从连有压力换能器的动脉导管连续地监测血压,并记录在多种波动描记器上。按250mg/kg静脉注射血管紧张素II,并且将给予化合物之前和按0.1~300mg/kg剂量静脉或口服给予化合物之后所引起的平均动脉压的变化进行对比。用对血管紧张素II的反应产生50%抑制作用所需化合物的剂量(IC50表示)来评价化合物的效果。(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸的IC50为3.60mg/Kg(静脉注射)和44.00mg/kg(口服)。
抗高血压作用
通过结扎左肾动脉引起与肾素有关的高血压(Cangiano等:J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.208:310(1979)),以本发明化合物降低上述有意识大鼠的平均动脉压的能力测定其抗高血压的作用。将大鼠的肾动脉结扎,并按上述方法插入导管。肾动脉结扎后7~8天,在血浆肾素浓度达到最高时,将有意识的大鼠置于限制笼内,并且在服用化合物之前和静脉或口服给予化合物之后连续记录平均动脉压。用降低动脉压30mmHg所需化合物的剂量(以IC30表示)来评价化合物的效果。(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸的IC30为1.80mg/kg(静脉注射)和8.0mg/kg(口服)。
本发明化合物降低眼内压的效果可以按Watkins等所述的方法(J.Ocular Pharmacol.,1(2):161~168(1985))进行测定。
可以将式(I)化合物配制成方便的剂型,如注射制剂,或可以将口服有效的化合物配制成口服剂型(如胶囊剂或片剂)。可以应用固体或液体药物载体。固体载体包括淀粉、乳糖、硫酸钙二水合物、石膏粉、蔗糖、滑石、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸。液体载体包括糖浆、花生油、橄榄油、盐水和水。同样,载体或稀释剂可以包括任何能延长释放的物质,如甘油基单硬脂酸酯或甘油基二硬脂酸酯,它们可以单独应用,或者与蜡一起应用。固体载体应用的量可以在宽范围内变化,但是最好每个剂量单位为约25mg~1g。当使用液体载体时,制剂可以是糖浆剂、酏剂、乳剂、软明胶胶囊、无菌注射液(如安瓿剂)、水悬浮剂或非水液体悬浮剂。
对于眼科局部用药,适用的药物组合物包括溶液剂、混悬剂、软膏和固体植入剂。典型的可药用的载体有例如水、水-与水可混溶的溶剂(如低级链烷醇)的混合液、植物油、水可溶的眼科适用的无毒聚合物(例如纤维素衍生物,如甲基纤维素)。药物制剂还可以含有无毒的辅助物质,如乳化剂、防腐剂、湿润剂及增稠剂,如聚乙二醇;抗菌剂成分,如季铵类化合物;缓冲剂成分,如碱金属氯化物;抗氧剂,如焦亚硫酸钠;以及其他常用的成分,如脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯。
此外,眼合适的媒液(例如常用的磷酸盐缓冲剂媒液系统)可以用作为本发明目的的载体媒介液。
药物制剂还可以是固体植入物的形式。例如,可以应用水可溶的固体聚合物作为药物载体。还可以应用水不可溶的固体植入物,如由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物制得的水不可溶的固体植入物。
药物制剂可以按药物化学家常用的方法制得,其中包括混合、制粒、压片(当为片剂剂型时);或者包括混合、填装、溶解配方成分的步骤(由需要而定),得到所需的口服制剂、非经胃肠道给药的制剂或局部用药的制剂。
在上述药物剂量单位中式(I)化合物的剂量是有效并无毒的,有效化合物选用的剂量范围为0.01~200mg/kg,最好为1~100mg/kg。对于需产生血管紧张素II受体拮抗作用的病人所服用的剂量可以经口给药、直肠给药、局部给药、注射给药,每天1~6次,或者也可以连续地输注。人用药的口服剂量单位含10~500mg有效化合物较好。对于非经胃肠道给药,最好应用低剂量。如果对病人安全和合适,那么口服给药也可以应用较高的剂量。局部用药的制剂含有的有效化合物的量为0.0001~0.1(w/v%),最好为0.0001~0.01。作为应用于人眼的局部给药的剂量单位形式,有效化合物的用量为50ng~0.05mg,最好为50ng~5μg。
本发明拮抗哺乳动物(包括人)血管紧张素II受体的方法包括给需要产生该拮抗作用的主体服用有效量的的式(I)化合物。产生抗高血压作用的方法和治疗充血性心力衰竭、青光眼和肾衰竭的方法,包括给需要的主体服用有效量的式(I)化合物,以便产生上述作用。
预计式(I)的等效物是另外相应的化合物,其中在式(I)的未取代位置上有取代基取代,条件是该化合物具有式(I)化合物的药学效用。
以下述实例详细叙述本发明化合物及其药物组合物的制备方法。这些实例并不限制本发明上述定义的和下述权利要求的范围。
实例1
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
(i)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑
用Curtis和Brown在J.Org.Chem.,(1980),45,20中所述的方法,将咪唑转变成1-二乙氧基原酰胺衍生物。咪唑(12.8g,0.19mol)和118.4g(0.8mol)原甲酸三乙酯在1g对甲苯磺酸存在下进行反应,得到20.6g(61%)1-二乙氧基原酰胺咪唑,bp为65~70℃(0.1mm)。该产物(24.0g,0.14mol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(250ml)中,并冷却至-40℃,在-40℃~-35℃加入正丁基锂(0.14mol,56.4ml 5M己烷溶液)。15分钟后在-40℃加入正丁基碘(31.1g,0.169mol),在室温下将反应液搅拌过夜。反应液在乙醚和0.3N盐酸之间进行分配,用烯盐酸重复地萃取有机层。合并的水萃取液用碳酸氢钠溶液中和,用二氯甲烷萃取,经硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,于Kugelrohr仪上进行快速蒸馏,得到14.8g(85%)2-正丁基咪唑。
将2-正丁基咪唑(9.7g,0.078mol)溶于甲醇(50ml)中,并滴入甲醇钠溶液(从2.31g,0.0934mol氢化钠的甲醇(250ml)溶液得到)中。1小时后将溶液蒸发至干,钠盐溶于无水二甲基甲酰胺(150ml)中,加入2-氯苄基溴(16.3g,0.079mol)。混合物在氩气下于50℃加热17小时,倒入冰水中,将产物萃取到乙酸乙酯中。萃取液经洗涤、干燥和浓缩,得18.5g粗产物,该粗产物经硅胶层析,用2∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得11.9g(61%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑,为油状物。经硅胶薄层层析,用4∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷展开,Rf值为0.59。
(ii)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-IH-咪唑方法1
在氩气下,将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑(95.5g,0.384mol)、37%甲醛(500ml)、乙酸钠(80g)和乙酸(60ml)的混合物加热回流40小时。反应液在真空下浓缩,残余物和500ml 20%氢氧化钠溶液一起搅拌4小时,用水稀释,并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取液经洗涤、干燥和浓缩:粗产物(117g)经600g硅胶快速层析,用乙酸乙酯~10%甲醇的乙酸乙酯溶液进行梯度洗脱,得8.3g起始原料,24.5g起始原料和产物的混合物,和44g(41%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑;mp86~88℃(用乙酸乙酯重结晶)。进一步洗脱得到二(4,5-羟甲基)衍生物;mp138~140℃(用乙酸乙酯重结晶)。方法2
将溶于液氨的戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐(250g,1.66mol)和二羟基丙酮(150g,0.83mol)的混合物于室温下在压力容器中静过夜,然后于65℃在375psi(磅/平方英寸)下加热4小时。蒸除氨,残余物溶于甲醇(3l)中。所得浆状物和加入的乙腈(1l)一起进行回流。趁热将溶液倾析与固体氯化铵分离。重复该步骤,合并的乙腈萃取液用活性炭处理,趁热过滤,滤液在真空下浓缩,得2-正丁基-5-羟甲基咪唑(253g,1.63mol,98%),为褐色油状物。
于-15℃将该粗制醇(253g)与乙酐(400ml)反应,然后在搅拌下使其温热至室温,再另外搅拌19小时。在减压下蒸除乙酐,残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,有机相用5%碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤。萃取液经硫酸钠干燥、浓缩、得到323g(83%)1-乙酰基-4-乙酰氧基甲基-2-正丁基咪唑。
该二乙酸酯按以下步骤进行N-烷基化。在氩气下于-78℃将二异丙基乙胺(128ml,0.73mol)和2-氯苄醇(104g,0.72mol)的二氯甲烷(350ml)溶液在20分钟内加入三氟甲磺酸酐(120ml,0.71mol)的二氯甲烷(200ml)溶液中。于-78℃再搅拌20分钟后,该溶液再与1-乙酰基-4-乙酰氧基甲基-2-正丁基咪唑(146g,0.61mol)的二氯甲烷(300ml)溶液反应20分钟。于室温下再将混合物搅拌18小时,并蒸除溶剂。残余物2-正丁基-5-乙酰氧基甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑不需纯化即可用于进行乙酸酯基的水解。
粗品2-正丁基-5-乙酰氧基甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑(250g)的甲醇(200ml)溶液与10%氢氧化钠溶液(700ml)反应,混合物于蒸汽浴上加热4小时。冷却后加入二氯甲烷,分出有机相,用水洗涤、干燥、浓缩。残余物溶于乙醚中,冷却并加入晶种,得粗产物。用乙酸乙酯重结晶得176g 2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑,mp138~140℃。该物质在各方面与按方法1制备的产物均一致。
(iii)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛
将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑(5.4g,0.0194mol)在二氯甲烷(25ml)中的溶液加到活化的二氧化锰(27g)在二氯甲烷(325ml)的悬浮液中。悬浮液于室温搅拌17小时。滤出固体,滤液经浓缩并经硅胶快速层析,用6∶4己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得4.16g(78%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,为油状物。NMR和IR与结构相符。
(iv)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸方法A
(a)3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸三甲酯
于2-噻吩甲醇(2.28g,0.02mol)在四氯化碳(25ml)中的溶液中加入三苯膦(6.81g,0.026mol),并将该溶液回流3小时。将冷却的反应混合物用己烷(60ml)稀释、冷冻并过滤。浓缩后的滤液(4.6g)在硅胶上用7∶3己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱进行快速层析,得到了2-氯甲基噻吩油状物(1.52g,57%)。
在氩气下,于氢化钠(0.271g,11.3mmol)在无水甘醇二甲醚(40ml)中的悬浮液中滴加在甘醇二甲醚(5ml)中的膦酰基乙酸三甲酯(1.87g,10.3mmol)。将所得混合物于室温下搅拌1.5小时。然后加入2-氯甲基噻吩(1.5g,11.3mmol),再将混合物于65℃搅拌18小时。使反应物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配,有机层用水和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩后得到油状物1.9g。在硅胶上用4∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱进行层析,得到800mg(28%)3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸三甲酯。
(b)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯
在氩气气氛下,于氢化钠(69mg,2.87mmol)在甘醇二甲醚(5ml)中的悬浮液中滴加3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸三甲酯在甘醇二甲醚(3ml)中的溶液。气体放出减少后,将混合物加热至50℃15分钟。加入2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(0.53g,1.92mmol)在甘醇二甲醚(3ml)中的溶液,再将混合物在60-65℃搅拌5小时。使冷却后的反应物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配,有机层用水洗涤、干燥、浓缩,然后在硅胶上进行闪式层析,得到336mg(41%)油状(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯,其NMR谱与该烯的反式或E异构体形式完全一致。
(c)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
用10%的氢氧化钠溶液(4ml)处理(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯(336mg,0.783mmol)在乙醇(10ml)中的溶液,然后将该溶液在25℃搅拌3小时。调pH值至5,固体沉出。将该混合物用水洗涤、冷却并过滤,得到309g固体。用乙酸乙酯结晶,得到195mg(60%)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)-甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸;mp177-179℃。方法B
(a)3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基丙酸甲酯
在氩气下,于维持在-78℃的二异丙胺(1.96g,0.0194mol)在无水四氢呋喃(40ml)中的溶液中加入正丁基锂(7.3ml,0.0183mol,2.5M甲苯溶液),将该混合物搅拌10分钟。然后,加入在四氢呋喃(2ml)中的3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯(2.83g,0.0166mol),再将混合物在-78℃搅拌30分钟。加入2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(3g,0.0111mol)在四氢呋喃(4ml)中的溶液,将所得混合物在-78℃搅拌30分钟。使反应物在饱和氯化铵水溶液和乙醚之间进行分配,有机提取物用盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,然后浓缩,得到6.67g粗产物。在70g硅胶上用4∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱进行快速层析,得到4.03g(81%)3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基丙酸甲酯。
(b)3-乙酰氧基-3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基丙酸甲酯
用4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.386g,3.16mmol)处理3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基丙酸甲酯(4.03g,9.02mmol)在二氯甲烷(100ml)中的溶液。然后在搅拌下于混合物中滴加乙酸酐(8.5ml,9.02mmol)。将该混合物搅拌18小时,加入水(35ml),再搅拌1小时,然后用乙醚和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液稀释。醚层用盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,蒸发后得到油状标题3-乙酰氧基衍生物(4.37g,99%)。
(c)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙酸甲酯
用1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯(DBU)(3.2ml,21.4mmol)处理3-乙酰氧基-3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基丙酸甲酯(4.36g,8.92mmol)在无水甲苯(80ml)中的混合物。将所得溶液在氩气下于80℃加热3小时。蒸发溶剂,残余物与乙醚一起研制,并加入活性炭。过滤后,浓缩滤液,得到6.29g油状物。在硅胶上用65∶35己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱层析,得到2.89g(76%)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯,其NMR谱和TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/己烷,硅胶)与方法A制备的产物相同。
(d)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按方法A(iii)对上述酯(2.88g,6.71mmol)进行碱水解,得到2.59g(93%)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸;mp175-177℃,该产物与从方法A所得产物相同。
实例2~5
按实例1(方法A)所述方法,由2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛制备链烯酸的其他实例列在表I中,试剂和产物均列于表I中。
表I
链烯酸
表I
b.制备同C
c.如实例1方法A(i)那样制备2-5反应物,但用2-氯甲基呋喃、3-氯甲基呋喃、4-乙酰氧基甲基-1-甲磺酰基咪唑和3-氯甲基噻吩代替2-氯甲基噻吩
实例6
(E和Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)-甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸方法A
在氩气下向氢化钠(0.02mol)的甘醇二甲醚(30ml)悬浮液中滴加三甲基3-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯(0.02mol)。1小时后于室温下加入2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(0.0137mol),混合物于40℃搅拌1小时,用冰水将反应液骤冷,产物萃取到乙醚中,蒸发溶剂,得到(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯。将(E)酯溶于乙醇(4ml)中,并加入10%氢氧化钠溶液(0.5ml)。在氩气下于25℃将溶液搅拌17小时,加入10%盐酸溶液使pH为3.5,滤出白色固体,用水洗涤并于40℃真空干燥,得E-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{2-氯苯基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。方法B
(i)2-正丁基-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑
在氩气下于25℃将用己烷洗涤过的80%氢化钠(1.45g,0.0483mol)的二甲基甲酰胺(80ml)溶液滴加到2-正丁基咪唑(5.45g,0.0439mol)的二甲基甲酰胺(14ml)溶液中进行反应,反应液再另外搅拌1小时,然后加入2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基氯(SEM-Cl)(7.68g,0.0461mol),混合物于室温下搅拌18小时,随后在冰水和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配。有机溶液经洗涤、干燥和浓缩后通过硅胶层析,用1∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到10.8g(96%)2-正丁基-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑。
(ii)2-正丁基-5-三丁基锡-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑
在氩气下于室温将正丁基锂(0.0255mol,10.2ml,2.5M己烷溶液)滴加到2-正丁基-1-SEM咪唑(以上制得)(6.37g,0.025mol)的乙醚(125ml)溶液中。再另外搅拌45分钟后滴加氯化三丁基锡(8.83g,7.4ml,0.026mol)。将悬浮液搅拌过夜,加入饱和氯化铵溶液并分出乙醚层,用盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,经硅胶层析,用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到11.3g(83%)2-正丁基-5-三丁基锡-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑。
(iii)(E和a)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯
向正丁基-5-三丁基锡-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑(11.3g,0.0208mol)的间二甲苯(150ml)溶液中加入乙基3-溴代-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸酯(0.0233mol),随后再加入四(三苯膦)-钯(0)(0.416mmol)。在氩气下于120℃将反应混合物加热18小时。经冷却的混合物用水、10%氢氧化铵溶液和盐水洗涤。溶液用活性炭和硫酸钠处理,过滤,浓缩并经硅胶层析,用9∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得(Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸酯。
(iv)(E和Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-叔丁氧基羰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯
将(Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯(1.24g,3.52mmol)的乙醇(10ml)溶液和5N盐酸溶液(20ml)于60℃加热3.5小时。经冷却的反应液用10%氢氧化钠溶液碱化,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用水洗涤,经干燥和浓缩。将残留物溶于甲醇(15ml)和三乙胺(1.5ml,10.6mmol)中,加入二叔丁基二碳酸酯(2.3g,10.5mmol),混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。混合物在真空下浓缩并经硅胶层析,用4∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得(Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-叔丁氧基羰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯,为油状物。用制备(Z)-异构体相同的方法制得(E)-异构体。
(v)(E和Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯
在氩气和搅拌下,向保持在-75℃的三氟甲烷磺酸酐(387mg,1.37mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中加入2-氯苄醇(196mg,1.37mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(177mg,1.37mmol)的二氯甲烷(4ml)溶液。在-75℃搅拌20分钟后,滴加(Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-叔丁氧基羰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液,在10分钟内滴加完毕,并将混合物于25℃搅拌过夜。在搅拌下加入5%碳酸氢钠溶液,分层,洗涤和干燥。将反应混合物蒸发至干,残余物和1∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯一起研制,滤去固体,浓缩滤液并经硅胶层析,用7∶3己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到标题化合物。用制备(Z)异构体相同的方法制得标题化合物(E)-异构体。
(vi)(Z)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例6方法A的步骤,由相应乙酯的碱性水解制备本标题化合物。
实例7
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-噻吩基)甲基-2-丁烯酸
(i)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-(α-羟基)乙基-1H-咪唑
在氩气下将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(实例1(iii)(1.1g,3.97mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(15ml)中,冷却至-78℃,滴加甲基锂溶液(3.64ml,1.2M乙醚溶液,4.57mmol)。将混合物搅拌1.5小时,用氯化铵溶液骤冷,并使其温热至室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取。经洗涤、干燥、浓缩的产物通过硅胶快速层析,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得1.07g(92%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-(α-羟基)乙基-1H-咪唑。
(ii)〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕甲基酮
将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-(α-羟基)乙基-1H-咪唑(1.07g,3.65mmol)、活化的二氧化锰(6g)和甲苯(75ml)的混合物在轻微真空下用带有迪安一斯达克分水器的装置于90~100℃加热17小时。无机物经过滤,浓缩的滤液用硅胶柱快速层析,产物用3∶7己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得0.628g(59%)〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕甲基酮。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-噻吩基)-甲基-2-丁烯酸甲酯
向无水乙醇(3ml)中加入新切割的金属钠(55mg)。然后加入三甲基3-(3-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯(2.16mmol)和〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕甲基酮(0.628g,2.16mmol),混合物于70℃搅拌17小时。反应液经浓缩,在乙酸乙酯和水之间进行分配,有机层用水洗涤,干燥,浓缩并层析,得标题化合物。
(iv)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-噻吩基)-甲基-2-丁烯酸
按实例1(方法A,iii)的方法,用(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-噻吩基)-甲基-2-丁烯酸甲酯代替(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-2-(噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯制备标题化合物。
实例8
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
(i)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑
将2-正丁基咪唑(3.75g,0.03mol)的无水二甲基甲酰胺(4ml)溶液加到氢化钠(0.95g)的二甲基甲酰胺(18ml)溶液中。待逸出的气体减少后,在氩气下将混合物搅拌1小时,加入2-氯-6-氟苄基氯(5.5g,0.031mol)的二甲基甲酰胺(7ml)溶液,产生放热。在室温下混合物搅拌17小时,用冰水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层经洗涤、干燥、浓缩,得7.63g(94%)标题化合物,其NMR与结构相符。该物质不需要进一步纯化即可使用。
(ii)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛
应用实例1(ii~iii)的方法,用7.63g 2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑粗制品和按比例量的其他试剂制得2.8g 2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑,经硅胶层析,用3%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液洗脱,mp106~108℃(用乙酸乙酯重结晶)。该物质用二氧化锰氧化,并按上述方法处理,得0.88g(63%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,mp88~90℃(用乙酸乙酯重结晶)。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
应用实例1(方法A)的方法,将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛、三甲基3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯、氢化钠和甘醇二甲醚在60℃保持1小时,经硅胶层析,用50%己烷的乙酸乙酯溶液洗脱,得到(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯和相应的顺式或(Z)-异构体。将(E)-异构体进行水解得到(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
实例9
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)-2-丙烯酸
将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(2mmol)、2-噻吩基乙酸(2.3mmol)、碳酸钾(0.91mmol和乙酐(1ml)的混合物逐渐加热至140℃,并在该温度保持6小时。冷却的反应液用水稀释,分出固体,加乙醚研磨数次,固体结晶后得到标题化合物。
实例10
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-呋喃基)-2-丙烯酸
按实例9的方法,用2-呋喃基乙酸代替2-噻吩基乙酸制备本化合物。
实例11
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸
(i)3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-2-庚烯酸乙酯
在氩气下将3-酮庚酸乙酯(2.07g,12mmol)溶于二甲基甲酰胺(60ml)中,加入氢化钠(357mg,14.4mmol)。30分钟后在室温下加入固体N-苯基三氟甲磺酰胺(Tetra.Letters,(1983),24,979)(4.97g,13.8mmol)。反应液搅拌2小时,用乙醚/水稀释,经层析,用5∶95乙醚/己烷洗脱,按常法处理得到3.45g(94%)3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-2-庚烯酸乙酯
(ii)(E)-(3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸乙酯
将2-正丁基-5-三丁基锡-1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基咪唑(实例6,方法B(ii))(3.63mmol)和3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸乙酯(3.62mmol)在四氢呋喃(5ml)中的溶液加到由氯化锂(11.1mmol)、四(三苯膦)钯(0)(0.076mmol)和四氢呋喃(10ml)组成的混合物中。在氩气下反应液加热回流5小时,冷却,用乙醚稀释,乙醚层用水、10%氢氧化铵溶液和盐水洗涤。萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。粗产物经硅胶层析,用己烷的乙酸乙酯溶液进行梯度洗脱,得标题化合物。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸乙酯
按实例6方法B(iv,v)的步骤,用(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸乙酯代替(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-庚酸乙酯,得到标题化合物。
(iv)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-庚烯酸
将上述制备的乙基酯溶于乙醇中,加入10%氢氧化钠溶液。在数小时内以递增的速度加入另外的1ml碱,混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。冷却的反应液用稀盐酸溶液酸化至pH5,用二氯甲烷萃取,所得的残余物和乙醚/己烷一起研制,得到标题化合物。
实例12
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸
(i)4-(3-噻吩基)-3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-2-丁烯酸乙酯
按实例11(i)的方法,用4-(3-噻吩基)-3-酮丁酸乙酯代替3-酮庚酸乙酯,制得标题化合物。
(ii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯
向2-正丁基-1-SEM-咪唑(实例6,方法B(i))(5.32mmol)的乙醚(16ml)溶液中以缓慢的速度加入正丁基锂的己烷(6.5mmol)溶液。于25℃再搅拌1小时后,依次加入氯化锌乙醚溶液(6.5ml,1.0M的溶液)和四氢呋喃(15ml)。另外搅拌75分钟后,在氩气下将该氯化锌咪唑加合物溶液转移到4-(3-噻吩基)-3-三氟甲磺酰氧基丁烯酸乙酯(6.41mmol)和四(三苯膦)钯(0)(317mg)的四氢呋喃(30ml)溶液中。反应混合物于25℃搅拌20小时,并按实例12(ii)方法处理,得(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯
按实例6方法B(iv,v)的步骤,用(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯代替(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯制备标题化合物。标题化合物为油状物。
(iv)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸
将上述乙基酯(520mg)溶于乙醇(5ml)和5N盐酸溶液(40ml)中,溶液于100℃缓慢地加热并蒸除乙醇。于100℃加热6小时后,反应液经冷却,收集白色沉淀,空气干燥,然后与乙醚/甲醇一起研制,得(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(3-噻吩基)-2-丁烯酸盐酸盐。
实例13
(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
(i)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯醇
在氩气下将氢化二异丁基铝的甲苯溶液(3.30mmol,2.2ml,1.5M)滴加到保持在-78℃的(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯(实例6,方法A)(1.5mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液中。使混合物温热至室温并再搅拌17小时。过量的还原剂用甲醇和水使其失活,加入稀乙酸和二氯甲烷,有机层用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,干燥和浓缩,得到标题化合物。
(ii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯基碳酸乙酯
在氩气下向冷却至0℃的由(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯醇(6.86mmol)、二氯甲烷(20ml)和三乙胺(1.25ml,12.4mmol)组成的溶液中滴加氯代甲酸乙酯(1.34g,1.18ml,12mmol)。然后反应液于室温搅拌过液。加入乙酸乙酯,过滤沉淀,滤液经浓缩并通过硅胶快速层析,用3∶7己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到标题化合物。
(iii)(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-3-丁烯酸乙酯
在一氧化碳气氛下(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-2-丙烯基碳酸乙酯(3.77mmol)的四氢呋喃(12ml)溶液与三苯膦(0.188mmol)和二乙酸钯反应,混合物于40℃加热2小时。反应混合物经浓缩并通过硅胶快速层析,用1∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到标题化合物。
(iv)(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
按实例1方法A(iii)的方法,用上述制备的乙基酯代替(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯制备标题化合物。
实例14
(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-甲基-和-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
(i)(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-丁烯酸乙酯
将二异丙基氨基锂(0.85mmol,1M四氢呋喃溶液)在氩气下冷却至-78℃,加入(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基)-3-丁烯酸乙酯(0.709mmol,如实例13那样用(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯(实例1)制备)在四氢呋喃(5ml)中的溶液。10分钟后,加入碘甲烷(0.71mmol)。然后将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,用10%氯化铵稀释。用乙酸乙酯提取。将干燥并浓缩后的产物在硅胶上用6∶4己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱层析,得到标题化合物。
(ii)(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
将上述制得的乙酯的乙醇溶液与10%氢氧化钠溶液一起加热至回流维持2小时。蒸发乙醇,加入水,水层用乙醚提取。用稀盐酸溶液酸化水层至pH1,用乙酸乙酯提取,干燥并浓缩后得到固体。与乙醚一起研制后,得到标题化合物的盐酸盐。
(iii)(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-噻吩基基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
该化合物按实例14(i,ii)步骤用2当量的碘甲烷制备
实例15
(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
该化合物按实例14(i,ii)的步骤用少于1当量的2-氯甲基噻吩代替碘甲烷来制备。
实例16
(E)-4-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-苄基-3-(2-噻吩基)甲基-3-丁烯酸
按实例14(i,ii)的方法,但用少于1当量的苄基溴在较稀溶剂的条件下制备标题化合物。
实施例17
(E,E)-5-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2,4-戊二烯酸
(i)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯醇
在氩气下和-78℃时,于实例1中制备的(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯(2.60g,6.06mmol)在35ml四氢呋喃中的溶液中加入氢化二异丁基锂的溶液(1.5M,8.9ml,13.3mmol)。加完后,将反应混合物温热至室温,同时继续搅拌1小时。先慢慢加入甲醇、接着加入冰乙酸然后加入4滴10%的盐酸水溶液对反应物进行处理。加入水(10ml)并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。于混合物中加入40ml水后,用乙酸乙酯(3×75ml)提取产物。合并的提取液用无水硫酸镁干燥后,真空下除去溶剂。残留物与乙醚一起研制。滤出产生的固体,得到1.72g(71%)产物;mp114-115℃。
(ii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙醛
于8.0g二氧化锰在80ml苯中的悬浮液中加入(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯醇(1.61g,4.02mmol)。将反应物剧烈搅拌0.5小时。滤出固体物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩滤液至近干,然后将残留物与己烷一起研制。滤出产生的固体,得到0.669g产物;mp163.5-164.6℃。
将滤饼与乙酸乙酯一起加热10分钟,然后滤出固体。将滤液在冰水中冷却,滤出产生的固体,得到0.712g另一批产物;mp163.5-164.5℃。
(iii)(E,E)-5-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2,4-戊二烯酸乙酯
于(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙醛在8ml甲苯中的悬浮液中加入(乙氧羰基甲基)三苯基正膦。将反应物在40℃加热过夜,冷却至室温后,滤出固体物,得到0.181mg粗产物。在硅胶上用己烷/乙酸乙酯(6∶4)洗脱层析,得到0.2345g(50%)油状标题化合物。
(iv)(E,E)-5-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-4-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2,4-戊二烯酸
该标题化合物按实例1(i v)方法A(c)的步骤用上述制备的乙酯制备,其盐酸盐mp191-192.5℃。
或者,在中和之前,直接从反应混合物中分离该酸的钠盐。将粗碱性反应液加到用水平衡的反相闪式柱中。用水(3倍空体积)从柱中洗脱无机物,然后用50∶50乙腈/水洗脱产物。真空下除去乙腈,然后冷冻干燥得到所需的钠盐。
实例18
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,2-(N,N-二乙氨基)-2-氧代乙基酯
将(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-( 2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(实例1)(5mmol)的无水二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)的溶液与2-氯-N,N-二乙基乙酰胺(5.51mmol)反应。然后与粉末状碳酸钾反应。该混合物于70℃加热7小时,用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,产物固化,与乙醚/己烷一起研制后得到标题的酯。
实例19
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-羟甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
(i)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛
将2-正丁基-1-(2-氧苯基)甲基-4,5-二(羟基)甲基-1H-咪唑(实例1(ii)(310mg,1mmol)的二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液与4-二甲氨基吡啶(5.2mg),三乙胺(1.5mol)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物(192mg,1.24mmol)反应。混合物于25℃搅拌20小时,用水稀释,有机层用水充分洗涤,干燥,浓缩,并经硅胶层析,用乙酸乙酯/甲醇梯度洗脱,得127mg(24%)二(4,5-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)醚和252mg(59%)2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑。按实例1(iii)所述方法,用二氧化锰将上述单醚(252mg)氧化成5-甲醛,得170mg 2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,为油状物。
(ii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-两烯酸乙酯
向四氢呋喃(80ml)中加入正丁基锂(15.5mmol,己烷溶液),然后在氩气下于-78℃加入二异丙基胺(2.4ml,17.1mmol)。在5~6分钟内将3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯(15.3mmol)加入,混合物于-78℃再搅拌30分钟。将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基甲基-4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(10.2mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液经插管加入,将反应混合物搅拌15分钟。反应液在饱和氯化铵和乙醚之间进行分配,乙醚层用水洗涤,干燥和浓缩,得粗产物。该产物经硅胶层析,用20~50%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到β-羟基酯产物的异构体混合物。该混合物(8.54mmol)的二氯甲烷(100ml)溶液与4-二甲氨基吡啶(3mmol)反应,随后与乙酐(84mmol)反应,溶液于室温下搅拌5小时。将反应液倒入水中,搅拌20分钟,产物萃取到乙醚中。乙醚萃取液用稀盐酸溶液、水、碳酸氢钠溶液和盐水洗涤。经干燥、浓缩的β-乙酰氧基酯产物的混合物直接应用于消去反应。向(4.5mmol)β-乙酰氧基酯产物的甲苯(60ml)溶液中加入(10.9mmol)1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕-十一碳-7-烯(DBU),混合物于90℃加热24小时。将反应液浓缩至10ml,用乙醚稀释,通过14×3cm硅胶柱快速过滤,用乙醚洗涤,得到烯属产物粗品,经硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液梯度洗脱,得到纯的(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯。用DBU消去乙酸酯,主要得到反式(E)异构体。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-羟甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
以6小时间隔向(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯(0.287mmol)的无水乙醇(3ml)溶液中分批加入10%氢氧化钠溶液(3×1ml)进行处理。于25℃搅拌过夜后,将反应液加热至50℃并保持4小时,然后真空浓缩。残余产物溶于水中,酸化至pH5~6,并用二氯甲烷萃取。经分离,干燥,浓缩,产物与甲醇/乙醚一起研制,得到标题化合物。
实例20
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
(i)3-〔2-正丁基-1-( 2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基丙酸甲酯
在氩气下,于维持在-78℃的二异丙基胺(3.58ml,25.6mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(50ml)中的溶液中加入正丁基锂(10.2ml,25.6mmol,2.5M甲苯溶液),并将反应混合物搅拌10分钟。然后,加入在四氢呋喃(40ml)中的3-(4-吡啶基丙酸甲酯(4.22g,25.6mmol)(其制备方法是先由4-吡啶甲醛与膦酰基乙酸三甲酯在氢化钠存在下在乙二醇二甲醚中反应,然后在乙酸乙酯溶液(98%)中用10%Pd/C在3个大气压氢压下催化还原双键,从而得到饱和酯),并将该混合物于-78℃搅拌30分钟。加入2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(5.9g,21.3mmol)在四氢呋喃(10ml)中的溶液,并在-78℃下继续搅拌30分钟。将反应物在饱和氯化铵溶液和乙醚之间分配,有机提取液用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩后在硅胶上用5%甲醇乙酸乙酯溶液洗脱进行快速层析,得到3.32g(30%)3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基丙酸甲酯。在硅胶上用5%甲醇乙酸乙酯溶液展开进行TLC,表明为均一产物,Rf=0.79。
(ii)3-乙酰氧基-3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)丙酸甲酯
将3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基丙酸甲酯(3.32g,7.5mmol)、二氯甲烷(50ml)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(150mg,1.3mmol)和乙酸酐(7.1ml,75mmol)的溶液在环境温度下搅拌18小时。加入水(5ml),将该混合物搅拌2小时,然后用二氯甲烷和5%碳酸氢钠溶液稀释。有机相用5%碳酸氩钠溶液和盐水洗涤,干燥并浓缩,得到4g粗标题化合物。在硅胶上用5%甲醇乙酸乙酯溶液展开进行TLC,表明基本上为一个点。Rf为0.86。没有检测到原料。该物质不进行进一步纯化。
(iii)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯
在氩气下,将3-乙酰氧基-3-〔2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)丙烯酸甲酯(7.5,5mmol)、甲苯(50ml)和1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕-十一-7-烯(DBU)(3.4ml,22.5mmol)的混合物在90℃下加热18小时。将冷却的混合物用乙醚稀释,用盐水洗涤,干燥并浓缩,得到3.1g(97%)标题化合物。NMR谱表明反式或E异构体为主要产物。
(iv)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
用10%的氢氧化钠溶液处理(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯(3.1g,7.3mmol)在乙醇(16ml)中的溶液,并将该混合物于25℃搅拌18小时。真空下浓缩该溶液。加入水,将pH值调至6.5,滤出产生的固体,用水洗涤,用甲醇/乙醚结晶,得到0.48g(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-吡啶基)甲基-2-丙烯酸;mp178-182℃(分解)。
实施例21-26
a.通过实例20所述的4步合成路线制得的产物。需要时,通过硅胶层析用乙酸乙酯/己烷或甲醇/乙酸乙酯的混合物洗脱纯化倒数第二个烯属酯。
b.盐酸盐
实例27
用下述化合物代替3-(4-吡啶基)丙酸甲酯重复实例20(i-iv)的步骤:
3-(4-噻唑基)丙酸甲酯,
3-(1,2,3,4-四唑-5-基)丙酸甲酯,以及
3-(1-甲苯磺酰基吡唑-3-基)丙酸甲酯;得到了
3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-噻唑基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基]-2-(1,2,3,4-四唑-5-基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,以及
3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(3-吡唑基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
实例28
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氟-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
在搅拌和冰/丙酮浴冷却下,于戊腈(31.8g,40.0ml,0.383mol)在甲醇(13.47g,17ml,0.421mol)中的溶液中鼓入无水氯化氢(20.5g,0.562mol)。盖紧反应容器,然后在10℃下储存过夜。于在氩气下的10℃的该混合物中加入100ml叔丁基甲基醚。一旦形成自由流动的结晶混合物,就收集固体,并用400ml叔丁基甲基醚洗涤。将该固体直接置于真空干燥器中用P2O5和氢氧化钠干燥,得到55.50g(96%)戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐;mp103-105℃。
接尊进行W.Lwosski,Synthesis,263(1971)中的步骤。于在冰浴中冷却的戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐(37.91g,0.25mol)和50%氨基氰水溶液(13.53g,25ml,0.322mol)的混合物中分批加入无水磷酸二钠(12.01g,0.0846mol),加完后,撤出冰浴,油状物和固体开始从溶液中析出。继续搅拌30分钟后,将油状物从固体中倾出。使固体在水和乙醚之间分配,将油状物溶于乙醚中,合并有机提取液后用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥。真空下蒸除溶剂,得到33.06g(94%)戊脒腈甲基醚。
于上述制备的脒甲基醚(33.06g,0.236mol)在225ml的无水乙醇中的溶液中一次加入2-氯苄基胺(33.39g,0.236mol)。将反应物于室温下搅拌2小时,然后真空下除去溶剂,得到55.4g(94%)固体,其NMR谱表明没有甲基醚官能度。
用下述方法对二级胺烷基化。在氩气和60℃下将上述制备的产物(35.0g,0.14mol)和碳酸钾(67.72g,0.49mol)在200ml二甲基甲酰胺中的混合物搅拌15分钟。用10分钟于该混合物中加入溴乙酸乙酯(24.56g,0.143mol)。加完后,将反应温度升至75-80℃。30分钟后,过滤反应混合物。真空下浓缩滤液。使残留物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。有机提取液用水(5X)和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后真空下除去溶剂。粗产物在硅胶上用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱层析,得到37.15g(79%)油状物。
按下述方法制备2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氨基-5-乙氧羰基咪唑。在氩气下将金属钠(2.54g,0.110克原子)溶于无水乙醇中。用15分钟时间于该溶液中加入上述制备的产物(37.07g,0.110mol)在175ml无水乙醇中的溶液。加完后,将反应混合物于室温下搅拌1小时。收集产生的固体,用水洗涤,空气干燥,得到25g产物;mp120-121℃。
用K.L.Kirk和L.J.Cohen,JACS,95(14),4619(1973)的方法对4-氨基产物进行氟化。于在石英烧瓶中的2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氨基-5-乙氧羰基咪唑(10.75g,0.032mol)中加入氟硼酸(48%,150ml)。将产生的固体物进行声处理并剧烈搅拌以形成悬浮体。将该悬浮体冷却至0℃,然后慢慢加入在5ml水中的亚硝酸钠(2.80g,0.0406mol)。撤去冰浴,将反应混合物在循环水冷却下用置于石英浸入式井中的450瓦汞蒸汽灯照射20小时。将反应混合物冷却至-20℃,用50%氢氧化钠水溶液调至pH6.4。将产物提取到乙酸乙酯(3×)中,合并的提取液用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。有机提取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到8.43g粗产物,在硅胶上用氯仿洗脱层析,得到4.31g 2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氟-5-乙氧羰基咪唑。
按实例17(i和ii)的步骤,将该乙氧羰基化合物转化成相应的5-甲酰基衍生物。
按照实例20(i-iv)的方法,用3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯代替3-(4-吡啶基)丙酸甲酯,将2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氟-5-甲酰基咪唑转化成E-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氟-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸;mp126-127℃。
实例29
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-溴-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例28的方法,用相应的4-溴起始原料(按美国专利4,340,598所述方法制备)制备标题化合物。
实例30
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-三氟甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例20的方法,用2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-三氟乙基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(由相应的4-溴化合物与三氟甲基碘和铜反应制得)制备标题化合物。
实例31
按实例1的方法,用以下物质代替2-氯苄基溴,
2-甲基苄基溴,
4-甲氧基苄基溴,和
4-苯基苄基溴;
并用实例1的膦酰基丙酸酯,(MeO)2P(O)CH(CH2-2-噻吩基)-COOMe,制得以下产物:
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸,和
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-苯基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
实例32
下述的丙酸甲酯按实例31所述的方法制备:
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(4-甲氧基苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-( 2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸甲酯。
在室温下在二氯甲烷中用三溴化硼处理该化合物6小时,然后使反应混合物凝缩,用乙酸乙酯和水的混合物处理,乙酸乙酯层用水洗涤后,蒸发得到
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(4-羟基苯基)甲基〕-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
实例33
(E)-3-〔2-(1-丁烯基)-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
将2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺在四氯化碳中的混合物用光照射,得到2-(1-溴丁基)咪唑,该产物与1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕十一碳-1-烯的四氢呋喃溶液反应脱去溴化氢,得到2-(1-丁烯基)-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛。
按实例1的方法,用上面制得的中间体和实例1的3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸酯制备标题化合物。mp224-226℃。
实例34
(E)-3-〔2-苯基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1(ii)方法2的步骤,用苄眯甲基醚代替戊脒甲基醚,制得2-苯基-5-羟甲基咪唑,并将其转变成2-苯基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑。按实例1(iii)的方法用二氧化锰将5-羟甲基氧化。按实例21的方法用上述得到的2-苯基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛与3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯反应,制得标题化合物。
实例35
按实例34的方法,用以下脒甲基醚:
C10H21C=NH(OCH3)和
C2H5C=NH(OCH3),得到如下产物:
(E)-3-〔2-癸基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸和
(E)-3-〔2-乙基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸。
实例36
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4甲酰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
首先用稀盐酸使3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基-4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯(如实例20(ii)中制备的)中的4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基进行水解,然后用二氧化锰将4-羟甲基氧化成甲醛。
实例37
3-〔1-(2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基-2-正丁基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
在氩气下于-78℃,向三氟甲磺酸酐(16.75g)的70ml二氯甲烷溶液中加入2-(1-金刚烷基)乙醇(10.7g)和二异丙基乙胺(11ml)在二氯甲烷(70ml)中的混合物。于-78℃搅拌混合物45分钟后,加入1-乙酰基-2-正丁基-5-(乙酰氧基)甲基)咪唑的50ml二氯甲烷溶液,混合物于室温放置4天,然后浓缩并在蒸汽浴上与10%氢氧化钠(250ml)一起加热,用300ml水稀释,用二氯甲烷萃取,经干燥,过滤和浓缩,得到由状物。经硅胶层析,用甲醇-氯仿洗脱,得到5-乙酰氧基甲基-1-〔2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基〕-2-正丁基咪唑。
将上面制得的化合物(5.4g)和氢氧化钾(5.2g)的乙醇(200ml)溶液于室温搅拌1小时。混合物经浓缩并倒入水中,搅拌和过滤,得到1-〔2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基〕-2-正丁基-5-羟甲基咪唑。将咪唑化合物(51.1g)和二氧化锰(20.3g)的甲苯(200ml)溶液加热回流,使羟甲基氧化,得到1-〔2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基〕-2-正丁基咪唑-5-甲醛。
将二异丙基胺(0.563g)置于5ml四氢呋喃中,在-78℃加入2ml 2.5M正丁基锂的己烷溶液。将混合物搅拌15分钟,加入3-(2-噻吩基)丙烯酸甲酯(0.89g)在3ml四氢呋喃中的溶液。20分钟后加入1.04g 1-〔2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基〕-2-正丁基咪唑-5-甲醛在3ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物于-78℃搅拌30分钟。混合物倒入40ml饱和氯化铵水溶液中,用乙醚萃取,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并经硅胶层析。用70%乙酸乙酯-30%己烷溶液洗脱,得到3-〔1-(2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基)-2-正丁基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-3-羟基-2-(2-噻吩基甲基)丙酸甲酯。于1.27g该化合物在二氯甲烷(25ml)中的溶液中先加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(1.25g),然后滴加乙酐(2.75g)。将混合物搅拌1小时,然后倒入水中进行处理,得到3-乙酰氧基-3-〔1-(2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基)-2-正丁基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基甲基)丙酸酯。
将上面制得的化合物(1.2g)与1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕十一碳-7-烯(1ml)在甲苯(20ml)中于80℃搅拌下加热1小时。浓缩混合物,然后与醚一起搅拌。倾析出醚层,干燥、过滤、浓缩并层析后得到3-〔1-(2-(1-金刚烷基)乙基)-2-正丁基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基甲基)-2-丙烯酸甲酯。
在乙醇中将酯(0.63g)用氢氧化钾(0.18g)进行水解,制得标题化合物,mp218-220℃。
实例38
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-羧基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-唑吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例19方法制得的(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-4-羟甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸用对甲氧基苄基醇进行酯化,制得对甲氧基苄基丙烯酸酯。用含铬酸的酸性水溶液(琼斯试剂)在丙酮中将4-羟甲基氧化,用10%氢氧化钠将酯水解,制得标题化合物。
实例39
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-4-氨甲酰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例38的方法制得的(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-4-羧基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸对甲氧基苄基酯与草酰氯一起在二氯甲烷中于0℃进行反应,得到酰基卤,该化合物与氢氧化铵进行反应并将酯水解得到标题化合物。
实例40
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-4-二甲氨基氨甲酰基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
用二甲胺代替氢氧化铵处理4-氯甲酰基咪唑,得到了标题化合物。
实例41
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法〔(ii)中方法2,(iii)和(iv)中的方法B〕,用4-甲氧羰基苄醇代替2-氯苄醇制备标题化合物,mp250-253℃。
实例42
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
在氩气和室温下将2-丁基咪唑-5-醛-(16.92g,0.111mmol,按实例1方法2用二氧化锰使醇氧化制得)、氯甲基新戊酸酯(21.77g,0.145mmol)和碳酸钾(20.07g0.145mmol)在200ml二甲基甲酰胺中的悬浮液搅拌4天。滤去固体并用乙醚洗涤。合并的滤液在乙醚和水之间进行分配。乙醚相依次用水和盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥和减压浓缩,,得到23.6g 2-正丁基-1-新戊酰氧基-甲基咪唑-5-醛。
在氩气下于100℃将4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯(5.28g,0.020mol),美国专利No.4,837,333)和2-正丁基-1-新戊酰氧基甲基-咪唑-5-醛(4.45g,0.0167mol)的混合物加热18小时。与乙醚一起反复研制得到6.38g结晶状盐。该盐在100ml乙酸乙酯中的悬浮液和100ml 5%碳酸钠水溶液一起搅拌0.5小时。分离有机层,水层用乙酸乙酯洗涤,合并的有机层用水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,并浓缩得到油状物。该油状物经硅胶层析,用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1∶1)洗脱,得1.02g2-正丁基-1-〔(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛。
在氩气下于室温将2-噻吩基丙二酸二乙酯(16.8g,0.0655mol)和氢氧化钾(4.41g,0.0786mol)在乙醇(200ml)中的溶液搅拌12天,制得2-羧基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸乙酯,然后通过减压除去溶剂进行纯化,将残余物溶于水中,依次用盐酸水溶液和乙醚洗涤水层。
将2-正丁基-1-(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)咪唑-5-醛(1.03g,3.08mmol)和哌啶(0.26g,3.08mmol)的甲苯(60ml)溶液加热回流,向其中加入上述半酸-半酯(1.05g,4.62mmol的甲苯(5ml)溶液。以1小时间隔再加入另外的1g半酸-半酯二次,然后将溶液回流17小时。蒸除甲苯,残余物经硅胶层析,用2∶3乙酸乙酯-己烷洗脱,得到0.39g标题化合物的二酯。该二酯用5当量氢氧化钾在2∶1乙醇-水中水解18小时,用常规方法处理,得到0.260g终产物;mp234-236℃。该产物的NMR与其结构一致。
实例43
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氨磺酰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基苯磺酰胺(Braselton等,Anal.Chem.,48,1386(1976))代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸甲酯制备标题化合物。
实例44
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(由4-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸,用气体氯化氢-甲醇进行酯化,随后用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺使甲基溴化制得)制备标题化合物。
实例45
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-3-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基-2-氯苯甲酸乙酯(美国专利No.4,837,333)代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp245-246℃。
实例46
(E)-3-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
(i)5-羧甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-硫代-1H-咪唑
将2-氯苄胺(14.2g,0.1mol)和三乙胺(13.9ml,0.1mol)的二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)溶液与氯代乙酸甲酯(10.9g,0.1mol)反应,混合物于50℃加热3.5小时。经冷却的反应混合物用乙醚稀释,过滤固体,浓缩的滤液经硅胶快速层析,用6∶5己烷的乙酸乙酯溶液洗脱,得到15.3g(71%)纯的2-〔N-(2-氯苯基)甲基〕-氨基乙酸甲酯。在混合二甲苯(100ml)中的上述产物(15.2g,0.071mol)与98%甲酸(2.74ml,0.0711mol)反应,混合物用带有迪安-斯达克分水器的回流装置回流2.5小时。经蒸发得到17.1g(99%)2-〔N-(2-氯苯基)甲基-N-甲酰基)氨基乙酸甲酯。该甲酰化的产物(17.0g,0.071mol)溶于甲酸甲酯(13.3ml,0.216mol)中,并滴加到甲醇钠混合物〔将金属钠(1.79g,0.0778克原子)加到四氢呋喃(325ml)中,随后缓慢地加甲醇(3.15ml,0.0778mol)制得〕中。合并的混合物于室温搅拌18小时,然后蒸发至干。将该粗产物溶于50%甲醇水溶液(200ml)中,并用活性炭处理,过滤,溶液用冰冷却。依次加入浓盐酸和硫氰酸钾(8.6g,0.0885mol)的水(20ml)溶液。混合物在90℃的油浴上加热2.5小时,然后冷却至-10℃。过滤析出的固体,用冷乙醇-水溶液洗涤,于60℃干燥,得14.7g(74%)5-羧甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-硫代-1H-咪唑,mp72~74℃。
(ii)1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羧甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑
将5-羧甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-硫代-1H-咪唑(2g,7.08mmol)、乙酸乙酯(20ml)、5%碳酸钠溶液(40ml)和丙基溴(4ml,44mmol)的混合物于60℃加热18小时。分离有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,得2.23g粗产物。与乙醚一起研制得1.63g(71%)5-羧甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑,mp68~71℃(用己烷重结晶)。
(iii)(E)-3-〔1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
在氩气下将5-羧甲基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑(3.74g,11.5mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(50ml)溶液冷却至-78℃,滴加氢化二异丁基铝的甲苯溶液(30ml,1M)。混合物于-78℃搅拌1.5小时,然后慢慢地温至室温。将反应液倒入用冰冷却的稀盐酸中骤冷,产物萃取到二氯甲烷中,有机萃取液依次用水、5%碳酸钠溶液和盐水洗涤。经干燥,浓缩,产物为淡褐色固体(3.32g)。用乙醇/水重结晶得到1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑,mp98~101℃。
按实例1(iii和iv)的方法,用1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-2-丙硫基-1H-咪唑代替2-正丁基-1-(2-氯苯基)甲基-5-羟甲基-1H-咪唑制备标题化合物,mp161-162℃。
实例47
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-丙烯硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用烯丙基溴代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例48
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-戊硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用1-溴戊烷代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例49
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-苄硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用苄基溴代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例50
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-环己基硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用环己基溴代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例51
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-庚硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用1-溴庚烷代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例52
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-2-己烯硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用6-溴-1-己烯代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例53
(E)-3-〔{1-(2-氯苯基)甲基}-环丙基硫基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例46的方法,用环丙基溴代替丙基溴制备标题化合物。
实例54
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{〔2-氯-4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸叔丁酯(在浓硫酸存在下由3-氯-4-甲基苯甲酸用2-甲基丙烯进行酯化,随后用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺进行溴化而制得)代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯,制得(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{〔2-氯-4-(叔丁氧羰基)苯基〕-甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯。用三氟乙酸将叔丁酯转化成相应的酸化合物。
向(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯-4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯的苯悬浮液中加入亚硫酰氯。所得的混合物于50℃加热90分钟,然后蒸发得油状残余物。将残余物溶于己烷中并再蒸发。使该酰基氯与浓氢氧化铵反应,然后反应混合物于室温搅拌16小时。滤出固体,用水洗涤并于50℃真空干燥,得到伯酰胺衍生物。
在氩气下于0℃向二甲基甲酰胺的乙腈溶液中加入草酰氯。3分钟后将上述制得的酰胺在二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液经插管加入。5分钟后加入吡啶,反应混合物于0℃再搅拌5分钟,然后在乙酸乙酯和50%氯化铵水溶液之间分配。乙酸乙酯层用水和盐水洗涤。乙酸乙酯萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸发,得到相应的腈衍生物。
在氩气和搅拌下向上面制得的腈和氯化铝的混合物中加入四氢呋喃。立刻一次加入叠氮化钠,随后用四氢呋喃洗涤,反应液于65℃加热22小时,然后冷却至室温。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,与10%盐酸溶液反应,同时剧烈搅拌5分钟。乙酸乙酯层用水和盐水洗涤。乙酸乙酯层用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸发,得到(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{〔2-氯-4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸乙酯。
上述乙基酯用含水碱的甲醇溶液进行碱性水解,制得标题的丙烯酸化合物。
实例55
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用2-硝基苄基溴代替2-氯苄基溴制备标题化合物;mp205-206℃。
实例56
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(3-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用3-硝基苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp182-184℃。
实例57
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-硝基苄基溴代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp198-200℃。
实例58
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-三氟甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用2-三氟甲基苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp202-203℃。
实例59
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2,3-二氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用2,3-二氯苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物mp.184-185℃。
实例60
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(3-甲氧基-2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用3-甲氧基-2-硝基苄基溴代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp213-215℃。
实例61
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用2-氰基苄基溴代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp210-212℃。
实例62
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-甲氧基-3-甲基苄基溴代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp140-141℃。
实例63
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用3-甲氧基苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp170-171℃。
实例64
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用2-甲氧基苄基醇和甲磺酸酐代替2-氯苄基醇和三氟甲磺酸酐制备标题化合物;mp186-187℃。
实例65
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-羟基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
从2-甲氧基化合物(由实例64制得)用三溴化硼的二氯甲烷溶液制备标题化合物;mp181-183℃。
实例66
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(5-甲氧基-2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用3-(5-甲氧基-2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯代替3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯制备标题化合物;mp184-185.5℃。
实例67
(E)-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(4-甲氧基-2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用3-(4-甲氧基-2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯代替3-(2-噻吩基)-2-膦酰基丙酸酯制备标题化合物;mp170-171℃。
实例68
(E)-3-〔2-正己基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用己酰脒甲基醚盐酸盐代替戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐,并用4-甲氧羰基苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp210-212℃。
实例69
(E)-3-〔2-正丙基-1-{(2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用丁脒甲基醚盐酸盐代替戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐,并用2-硝基苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp223℃。
实例70
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-〔1-苯基-1-(2-噻吩基)苯甲基〕-2-丙烯酸
按实例1(i,ii,iii,iv〔方法B〕的方法,用3-苯基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯〔按Tetra.44(7)2055(1988)所述方法制备〕代替3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯制备标题化合物;mp204-206℃。
实例71
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基-2-〔2-苯基-1-(2-噻吩基)乙基〕-2-丙烯酸
按实例1(i,ii,iii,iv〔方法B〕)的方法,用3-苄基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯〔按Tetra.44(7)2055(1988)所述方法制得〕代替3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯制备标题化合物;mp200-202℃。
实例72
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-{1-(2-噻吩基)戊基}-2-丙烯酸
按实例1(i,ii,iii,iv〔方法B〕的方法,用3-(2-噻吩基)庚酸甲酯代替3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯制备标题化合物;mp161-163℃。
实例73
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用2-溴甲基苯甲酸乙酯代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp201-202℃。
实例74
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基1-{(3-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1(iv,方法B)的方法,用2-正丁基-1-〔4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基〕-咪唑-5-醛(按实例42中制备2-正丁基-1-〔(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛的方法制得)和3-(2噻吩基)丙酸甲酯制备标题化合物;mp243-244℃。
实例75
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2丙烯酸
用三溴化硼在二氯甲烷中使(E)-2-正丁基-1-〔(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(由实例62制得)脱甲基制得标题化合物;mp150-152℃。
实例76
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
用2-正丁基-1-〔(4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛(按实例42中制备2-正丁基-1-〔(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛的方法制得)和3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸叔丁酯按实例1(iv,方法B)的方法制备标题化合物,但是用三氟乙酸而不是用碱进行叔丁基酯的水解;mp217-220℃。
实例77
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氰苯苯基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
用2-正丁基-〔(4-氰基苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛(按实例42中制备2-正丁基-1-〔(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛的方法制得)和3-(2-噻吩基)丙烯酸甲酯按实例1(iv,方法B)的方法制备标题化合物,但是用碳酸钾而不是用氢氧化钠进行酯的碱性水解;mp190-192℃。
实例78
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氨甲酰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
将(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙酸甲酯(按实例77的方法制得)用浓盐酸进行水解制得标题化合物,mp210-212℃。
实例79
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{〔4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例54所述的方法,从(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙酸甲酯(按实例77的方法制得)制备标题化合物;zmp246-248℃。
实例80
(E)-3-〔2-正丙基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用丁脒甲基醚盐酸盐代替戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐,并用4-甲氧羰基-苄基醇代替2-氯苄基醇制备标题化合物;mp250℃(分解)。
实例81
(E)-3-〔2-正丙基-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用丁脒甲基醚盐酸盐代替戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐制备标题化合物;mp200℃。
实例82
(E)-3-〔2-正己基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例1的方法,用己酰脒甲基醚盐酸盐代替戊脒甲基醚盐酸盐制备标题化合物;mp161-163℃。
实例83
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-〔(4-羧基-2,3-二氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基-2,3-二氯苯甲酸甲酯(用硝酸使2,3-二氯-对二甲苯氧化,然后用甲醇/盐酸进行酯化,并用N-溴代琥钝酰亚胺使其甲基溴化而制得)代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物。
实例84
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-2,5-二氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基-3,6-二氯苯甲酸甲酯(用硝酸使2,5-二氯-对二甲苯氧化,然后用甲醇/盐酸进行酯化,并用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺使其甲基溴化而制得)代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物。
实例85
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羟基萘基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸
按实例42的方法,用4-溴甲基甲氧羰基萘(用硝酸使1,4-二甲基萘氯化,然后用甲醇/盐酸进行酯化,并用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺使其甲基溴化而制得)代替4-溴甲基-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯制备标题化合物。
实例86
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2,3-二氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酰胺
按实例54所述的方法,使(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2,3-二氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(由实例59制得)与亚硫酰氯反应,然后与氢氧化铵反应制得标题化合物;mp185-187℃。
实例87
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-氨甲酰基)苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酰胺
按实例54所述方法,使(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(按实例41方法制得)与亚硫酰氯反应,然后与氢氧化铵反应制得标题化合物;mp204-206℃。
实例88
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酰胺
按实例54所述方法,使(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-硝基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(由实例55制得)与亚硫酰氯反应,然后与氢氧化铵反应制得标题化合物;mp183-185℃。
实例89
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯氧基乙酸
向氢化钠(53mg,2.3mmol)的5ml甘醇二甲醚悬浮液中滴加(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯醇(0.802mg,2.0mmol,按实例17的方法制得)。搅拌30分钟后滴加溴代乙酸甲酯(3.35mg,2.2mmol),反应液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后将混合物倒入冰/水中。产物用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并的有机萃取液用水和盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥。在真空下蒸除溶剂。残余物经硅胶层析,用己烷/乙酸乙酯(4∶6)洗脱,得到2.44mg(26%)的标题化合物的酯,为油状物。
该酯用碱按实例1,iv,方法A(c)进行皂化;mp141-142℃(乙酸乙酯/甲醇重结晶)。
实例90
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯基甘氨酸
向(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(0.5g,1.2mmol,由实例1制得)的四氢呋喃(12ml)溶液中加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.153g,1.33mmol),随后加入二环己基碳化二亚胺(0.249g,1.2mmol)的5ml四氢呋喃溶液。反应混合物于35℃加热1小时,然后加入甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(0.197g,1.57mmol)和三乙胺(0.22ml,1.57mmol)。反应液于室温下搅拌过夜。混合物用20ml乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤出固体。将滤液浓缩至干,残余物经硅胶层析,用乙酸乙酯/己烷(4∶6)洗脱,得到0.258g(44%)的酯-酰胺,为油状物。
按实例1(iv,方法A(c)所述方法,该酯经碱性水解得到标题所述的酸化合物;mp175-177℃。
实例91
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酰胺
按实例54所述方法,使(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-((2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(由实例1制得)与亚硫酰氯反应,然后与氢氧化铵反应,制得标题化合物;mp184-185℃。
实例92
(E-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-三氟甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酰胺
按实例54所述方法,使(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-三氟甲基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(按实例58方法制得)与亚硫酰氯反应,然后与氢氧化铵反应,制得标题化合物;mp207-208℃。
实例93
(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙酸乙酯
按实例1(iv,方法B)的方法,用2-正丁基-1-〔(4-甲氧羰基苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛(按实例42中制备2-正丁基-1-〔(4-乙氧羰基-2-氯苯基)甲基〕咪唑-5-醛的方法制得)和3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸乙酯制备标题化合物;mp130-132℃。
实例94
通过过筛、混合、装填在硬明胶胶囊中制得经口服用的有效式(I)化合物的口服剂型,各成分的比例如下:
成分 量(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸 100mg硬脂酸镁 10mg乳糖 100mg
实例95
将蔗糖、硫酸钙二水合物和口服有效的式(I)化合物混合,与10%明胶溶液一起制成颗粒。湿颗粒经过筛,干燥,并与淀粉、滑石和硬脂酸混合,通过过筛并压制成片剂。
成分 量(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基苯基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸 75mg硫酸钙二水合物 100mg蔗糖 15mg淀粉 8mg滑石 4mg硬脂酸 2mg
实例96
将(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(4-羧基-3-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸(50mg)分散在25ml生理盐水中,制成可注射的制剂。
实例97
式(I)化合物的局部眼用溶液剂可以通过无菌条件下混合例如下述比例的各成分而制得。
成分 量(mg/ml)(E)-3-〔2-正丁基-1-{(2-氯苯基)甲基}-1H-咪唑-5-基〕-2-(2-噻吩基)甲基-2-丙烯酸 1.0磷酸氢二钠 10.4磷酸二氢钠 2.4氯代丁醇 5.0羟丙醇甲基纤维素 5.0无菌水 适量加至 1.0ml1.0N氢氧化钠 适量加至pH 7.4必须认识到,本发明不限于以上所述的具体实施方案,本发明人保留在下述权利要求范围内说明性具体实施方案和所有改进的权利。
Claims (1)
1.制备药物组合物的方法,该方法包括将下式I化合物或其可药用的盐与可药用的载体结合,式中R1为金刚烷基甲基或苯基、萘基或联苯基,各芳基是未被取代的,或者是由1-3个取代基取代的,取代基系选自Cl、Br、F、I、C1-4烷基、硝基、CO2R7、四唑-5-基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、CONR7R7、CN或CF3;
R2为C2-10烷基或C3-10链烯基,
X为单键或硫;
R3为氢、Cl、Br、F、I或CF3;
R4为氢或C1-4烷基;
R5为噻吩基-Y-、咪唑基-Y-、呋喃基-Y-或吡啶基-Y-,各基团可以是未取代的,也可以是由甲基或甲氧基取代的;
Y为单键或者为直链或支链的或由苯基或苄基任意取代的C1-6亚烷基;
R6为-Z-COOR8或-Z-CONR7R7;
Z为单键,乙烯基,-CH2-O-CH2-,由C1-4烷基、1或2个苄基、噻吩甲基或呋喃甲基任意取代的亚甲基,或-C(O)-NHCHR9,基中R9为氢、C1-4烷基、苯基、苄基、噻吩甲基或呋喃甲基;
各个R7独立地为氢或C1-4烷基;
R8为氢、C1-6烷基或2-二(C1-4烷基)氨基-2-氧代乙基。
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