AR047157A1 - Xilanasas expresadas en microbios, su uso como aditivos para alimentos y otros usos - Google Patents
Xilanasas expresadas en microbios, su uso como aditivos para alimentos y otros usosInfo
- Publication number
- AR047157A1 AR047157A1 ARP040104784A ARP040104784A AR047157A1 AR 047157 A1 AR047157 A1 AR 047157A1 AR P040104784 A ARP040104784 A AR P040104784A AR P040104784 A ARP040104784 A AR P040104784A AR 047157 A1 AR047157 A1 AR 047157A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- expression
- additives
- methods
- microbes
- xylanases
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 abstract 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract 2
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2477—Hemicellulases not provided in a preceding group
- C12N9/248—Xylanases
- C12N9/2482—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/195—Proteins from microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2477—Hemicellulases not provided in a preceding group
- C12N9/248—Xylanases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01008—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Se relaciona con secuencias codificantes de xilanasa con optimizacion de codones, y con la expresion de xilanasas en microbios y levaduras. Además, se relaciona con el uso de multiples copias de la construccion de expresion de xilanasa para obtener niveles elevados de expresion de proteínas. También se relaciona con el uso de xilanasas en aditivos para alimentos para animales o seres humanos. Igualmente se relaciona con métodos para expresar enzimas con el fin de incrementar la tolerancia térmica, por medio de su expresion en organismos que glicosilan proteínas, en comparacion con la expresion de la misma enzima sin glicosilacion. Además se relaciona con métodos para preparar alimentos y aditivos para alimentos de animales, y con métodos para reducir la racion de conversion de los alimentos o incrementar el aumento de peso en animales.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US53140403P | 2003-12-19 | 2003-12-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR047157A1 true AR047157A1 (es) | 2006-01-11 |
Family
ID=34960070
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP040104784A AR047157A1 (es) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-20 | Xilanasas expresadas en microbios, su uso como aditivos para alimentos y otros usos |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7291493B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1771554A4 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1981036A (es) |
| AR (1) | AR047157A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2004324514A1 (es) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0417821A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2548723A1 (es) |
| MX (1) | MXPA06006670A (es) |
| TW (1) | TW200530262A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2006083240A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR047658A1 (es) | 2004-02-03 | 2006-02-01 | Cargill Inc | Concentrado de proteinas y corriente acuosa con carbohidratos hidrosolubles |
| EP1727903B1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2011-10-05 | Iogen Bio-Products Corporation | Modified xylanases exhibiting improved expression |
| EP2548956A1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2013-01-23 | Verenium Corporation | Xylanases, nucleic acids encoding them and methods for making and using them |
| US20110053195A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2011-03-03 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Catalytically inactive proteins and method for recovery of enzymes from plant-derived materials |
| CN100419069C (zh) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-09-17 | 湖北大学 | 一种耐热耐碱木聚糖酶酵母工程菌及其耐热木聚糖酶的生产方法 |
| US20100040595A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-02-18 | Novozymes A/S | Xylanses for animal feed |
| WO2009017087A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | 固定化リパーゼおよびその製造方法 |
| MX2010003600A (es) * | 2007-10-03 | 2010-12-14 | Verenium Corp | Xilanasas, acidos nucleicos que las codifican, y metodos para hacerlas y usarlas. |
| DK2219469T3 (da) | 2007-12-03 | 2017-11-20 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Modificering af enzymatisk disponerede proteiner |
| US8623629B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2014-01-07 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Polypeptides with xylanase activity |
| DK2382310T3 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2016-12-12 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | POLYPEPTIDES HAVING xylanase activity |
| ES2670505T3 (es) | 2012-02-16 | 2018-05-30 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Proteínas pesticidas modificadas |
| WO2013136274A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | University Of Guelph | Myb55 promoter and use thereof |
| AR091982A1 (es) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-03-11 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Metodo para preparar un producto alimenticio basado en maiz |
| CN102845632B (zh) * | 2012-08-06 | 2013-10-02 | 王茜 | 一种安全环保健康猪饲料添加剂 |
| US8759041B1 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-06-24 | Novozymes Inc. | Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
| GB201308853D0 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2013-07-03 | Verenium Corp | Genes encoding xylanase |
| GB201411194D0 (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-08-06 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Animal feed and aqua feed |
| EP3795582B1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2023-09-13 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Compositions and methods for controlling plant pests |
| CN107484879A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-19 | 深圳市金新农科技股份有限公司 | 饲料添加剂、无抗生素饲料及其应用 |
| CN111148432B (zh) | 2017-10-02 | 2021-11-23 | 先正达参股股份有限公司 | 工程化的杀有害生物蛋白和控制植物有害生物的方法 |
| AU2020226376A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2021-08-05 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | Engineered pesticidal proteins and methods of controlling plant pests |
| GB2585029A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | Rhodes Univ | Xylanase additives for animal feeds |
| KR102255611B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-24 | 염상구 | 복합 균주를 이용한 완전배합 발효사료의 제조방법 |
| BR112022023230A2 (pt) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-12-27 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Composições de ração animal |
| KR102556449B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-07-14 | 김미정 | 미생물을 포함한 보조사료 |
| CN115747262B (zh) * | 2021-09-03 | 2024-11-08 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | 利用小麦生产乙醇的方法 |
| CN118843637A (zh) | 2022-02-11 | 2024-10-25 | 东北农业大学 | 用于增加植物中蛋白质和/或油含量和改变油特性的方法和组合物 |
| CN114574394B (zh) * | 2022-03-17 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | 一种产染料脱色过氧化物酶的假单孢杆菌及其应用 |
| BE1030801B1 (nl) * | 2022-08-23 | 2024-03-26 | Nu3Guts Bv | Voederadditief voor het verhogen van de metaboliseerbare energie uit voeder in vee |
| AR131755A1 (es) | 2023-02-03 | 2025-04-30 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | Plantas resistentes a herbicidas |
| AR132458A1 (es) | 2023-04-19 | 2025-07-02 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | Plantas resistentes a herbicidas |
| CN117084324B (zh) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-16 | 烟台大学 | 居冰菌在大西洋鲑养殖中的应用 |
| WO2025226702A1 (en) | 2024-04-22 | 2025-10-30 | Green Plains Inc. | Back-end processing of co-products from ethanol plants |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5405769A (en) * | 1993-04-08 | 1995-04-11 | National Research Council Of Canada | Construction of thermostable mutants of a low molecular mass xylanase |
| US5437992A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-08-01 | Genencor International, Inc. | Five thermostable xylanases from microtetraspora flexuosa for use in delignification and/or bleaching of pulp |
| US6228629B1 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 2001-05-08 | Röhn Enzyme Finland OY | Xylanases, genes encoding them, and uses thereof |
| WO2000029587A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | National Research Council Of Canada | Thermostable xylanases |
| EP1184460A1 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-06 | Dsm N.V. | Modified fungal xylanases |
| EA200500019A1 (ru) | 2002-06-14 | 2006-06-30 | Дайверса Корпорейшн | Ксиланазы, кодирующие их нуклеиновые кислоты и способы их получения и применения |
-
2004
- 2004-12-20 AR ARP040104784A patent/AR047157A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-12-20 AU AU2004324514A patent/AU2004324514A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-20 BR BRPI0417821-1A patent/BRPI0417821A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-20 MX MXPA06006670A patent/MXPA06006670A/es unknown
- 2004-12-20 CA CA002548723A patent/CA2548723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-20 CN CNA2004800379262A patent/CN1981036A/zh active Pending
- 2004-12-20 US US11/018,645 patent/US7291493B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-20 EP EP04822581A patent/EP1771554A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-20 WO PCT/US2004/043483 patent/WO2006083240A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-20 TW TW093139609A patent/TW200530262A/zh unknown
-
2007
- 2007-06-22 US US11/821,489 patent/US7662415B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7291493B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
| AU2004324514A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| US20080187627A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| BRPI0417821A (pt) | 2007-03-27 |
| TW200530262A (en) | 2005-09-16 |
| EP1771554A2 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
| US7662415B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 |
| US20050208178A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
| WO2006083240A2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| CN1981036A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
| AU2004324514A8 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| EP1771554A4 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
| CA2548723A1 (en) | 2005-06-19 |
| MXPA06006670A (es) | 2007-03-21 |
| WO2006083240A3 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AR047157A1 (es) | Xilanasas expresadas en microbios, su uso como aditivos para alimentos y otros usos | |
| AR023230A1 (es) | Polipeptidos mutantes con actividad de alfa-amilasa alcalina y usos de dichos polipeptidos. | |
| DE602006018969D1 (de) | Herstellung und reinigung von il-29 | |
| AR023229A1 (es) | Polipéptidos mutantes, y su uso en composiciones detergentes. | |
| PE20040320A1 (es) | Composicion alimenticia que comprende hidrolizado de proteinas de pescado y metodo para obtenerla | |
| BR112017008108A2 (pt) | incorporação de aminoácidos não naturais em proteínas | |
| SV2006002513A (es) | Anticuerpos anti-il-6, composiciones, metodos y usos ref. docket cen5094svnp | |
| WO2004080196A3 (en) | Feed formulation for terrestrial and aquatic animals | |
| CO2020000217A2 (es) | Producción eficiente de levaduras pichia y su uso para mejorar la vida animal y vegetal | |
| CL2008001640A1 (es) | Uso de hidroxiprolina para preparar una composicion de alemento destinada a promover el crecimiento de un animal, como peces, aves y mamiferos. | |
| BRPI0516455A (pt) | fitase de citrobacter freundii e homólogos | |
| AR037988A1 (es) | Fitasa tolerante a las variaciones de temperatura para alimento animal | |
| AR064254A1 (es) | Maiz extraido con solvente | |
| AR072028A1 (es) | Gen bacillus thuringiensis con actividad pesticida contra lepidopteros | |
| AR048051A1 (es) | Composiciones para obtener beneficios en la piel con el uso de intermediarios del metabolismo celular | |
| AR103794A1 (es) | Producción de alquenos | |
| AR037982A1 (es) | Composicion que comprende una secuencia de acido nucleico aislado que codifica una sintetasa de acido graso de ciclopropano; organismo, vegetal, celula vegetal, semilla y bacteria transformados; aceite obtenido de dicho vegetal y dicha bacteria; metodo para expresar la sintetasa y metodo para reduci | |
| AR035694A1 (es) | Procedimiento para preparar vitamina e, contruccion de acido nucleico, combinacion de construcciones de acido nucleico, procedimiento para preparar organismos geneticamente modificados, uso de estos ultimos y uso de acidos nucleicos, construcciones de estos y combinaciones de construcciones en dicho | |
| AR053287A1 (es) | Metodos para mejorar la arquitectura y el rendimiento de plantas de cultivo | |
| CR6613A (es) | ALTERACION DE LA EXPRESSION DE GENESIS CON ADSss PRODUCIDO IN VIVO | |
| AR044680A1 (es) | Polipeptidos antimicrobianos | |
| AR050085A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la generacion de plantas transgenicas con resistencia aumentada a patogenos por modificacion del contenido y/o la actividad de factores despolimerizantes de actina. | |
| WO2013016693A3 (en) | Near-infrared light-activated proteins | |
| AR051489A1 (es) | Polipeptidos que tienen actividad antimicrobiana y polinucleotidos que los codifican | |
| BR112022013072A2 (pt) | Método para obter uma linhagem celular de mamíferos que expressa uma gonadotrofina coriônica equina recombinante (recg), linhagens celulares recombinantes que produzem recg, método de produção de recg em grande escala, recg, formulações contendo recg, codificação de ácidos nucleicos para recg e usos |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FA | Abandonment or withdrawal |