WO2022030109A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022030109A1 WO2022030109A1 PCT/JP2021/022506 JP2021022506W WO2022030109A1 WO 2022030109 A1 WO2022030109 A1 WO 2022030109A1 JP 2021022506 W JP2021022506 W JP 2021022506W WO 2022030109 A1 WO2022030109 A1 WO 2022030109A1
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a lithium ion secondary battery provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution and charged and discharged by moving lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is widely used. ..
- an organic solvent-based electrolytic solution is used in order to achieve a high energy density.
- organic solvents are generally flammable, and ensuring safety is an important issue.
- Another problem is that the ionic conductivity of the organic solvent is lower than that of the aqueous solution, and the rapid charge / discharge characteristics are not sufficient.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a lithium ion secondary battery using an aqueous solution containing a high-concentration alkaline salt as an aqueous liquid electrolyte.
- Patent Document 2 describes lithium including a negative electrode filled with a non-aqueous solid electrolyte, a positive electrode, a separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and filled with a non-aqueous solid electrolyte, and an aqueous liquid electrolyte. Ion secondary batteries have been proposed.
- the conventional lithium-ion secondary battery having an aqueous electrolyte has a problem that the initial charge / discharge efficiency is low.
- One aspect of the present disclosure includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, and an aqueous solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt, wherein the aqueous solid electrolyte comprises the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is a lithium ion secondary battery that is in contact with only the positive electrode and is in contact with at least the negative electrode among the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, and an aqueous solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are in contact with only the positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is in contact with at least the negative electrode among the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- aqueous electrolyte In general, in a lithium ion secondary battery using an aqueous electrolyte containing water, the water in the aqueous electrolyte is reduced and decomposed (that is, a side reaction) on the negative electrode, so that the progress of the charging reaction at the negative electrode is hindered. Therefore, the initial charge / discharge efficiency is reduced.
- an aqueous solid electrolyte is used as the aqueous electrolyte, and the aqueous solid electrolyte is coated on the positive electrode so as to be in contact with only the positive electrode. It is possible to prevent water from sneaking into the water.
- the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte is in contact with the negative electrode, even if water wraps around to the negative electrode side, the contact of water with the negative electrode surface is suppressed by the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte. From these facts, since the side reaction of water at the negative electrode is suppressed, the charge / discharge reaction at the negative electrode proceeds, and the initial charge / discharge efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a positive electrode 10, a negative electrode 12, a separator 14, an aqueous solid electrolyte 16, a water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18, a positive electrode lead 20, a negative electrode lead 22, and a battery case 24 containing these. Consists of including.
- the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is coated on the positive electrode 10 and is in contact with only the positive electrode 10 of the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12.
- the separator 14 is wound around the negative electrode 12.
- the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18 is coated on the negative electrode 12 and the separator 14 and is in contact with the negative electrode 12 and the separator 14. In FIG. 1, the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18 is in contact with only the negative electrode 12 of the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12, but may be in contact with both the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12.
- the positive electrode 10 has a positive electrode current collector 26 and a positive electrode mixture layer 28 arranged on the positive electrode current collector 26.
- a positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 26.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is housed in the battery case 24 so that the tip of the positive electrode lead 20 projects to the outside of the battery case 24.
- the positive electrode current collector 26 a metal foil that is electrochemically and chemically stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 10 and a film or the like in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer can be used.
- the form of the positive electrode current collector 26 is not particularly limited, and for example, a porous body such as a mesh body of the metal, a punching sheet, or an expanded metal may be used.
- Examples of the material of the positive electrode current collector 26 include stainless steel, Al, aluminum alloy, Ti and the like.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 26 is preferably, for example, 3 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of current collector property, mechanical strength, and the like.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 28 contains a positive electrode active material. Further, the positive electrode mixture layer 28 may contain a binder, a conductive material, or the like.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, etc. is applied onto the positive electrode current collector 26, the coating film is dried and rolled, and the positive electrode mixture layer 28 is a positive electrode collection. It can be manufactured by forming it on the electric body 26.
- the positive electrode active material examples include lithium (Li) and lithium-containing transition metal oxides containing transition metal elements such as cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni).
- the positive electrode active material also contains lithium containing one or more transition metals such as transition metal sulfides, metal oxides, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) and lithium iron pyrophosphate (Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 ). Examples thereof include polyanionic compounds, sulfur compounds (Li 2S ), and oxygen-containing metal salts such as oxygen and lithium oxide.
- a lithium-containing transition metal oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of charge / discharge efficiency.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide preferably contains, for example, at least one element of Ni, Co, Mn, and aluminum (Al) from the viewpoint of charge / discharge efficiency and the like.
- Ni, Co, Mn, and aluminum (Al) from the viewpoint of charge / discharge efficiency and the like.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may contain other additive elements other than these elements, for example, zirconium (Zr), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y).
- Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zirconium (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Yttrium (Ba) , Strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), silicon (Si) and the like may be contained.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxide examples include, for example, Li x CoO 2 , Li x NiO 2 , Li x MnO 2 , Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , Li x Co y M 1-y O z , and so on.
- M is Na, Mg, Sc. , Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb and B, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9, 2. 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2.3).
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be a Li excess-based transition metal oxide, a lithium-containing transition metal halogen oxide, or the like.
- the Li excess transition metal oxide is represented by, for example, the general formula Li 1 + x Me 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x).
- the lithium-containing transition metal halogen oxide is not particularly limited as long as it is a lithium-containing transition metal oxide containing a halogen atom.
- a fluorine atom can be used. It preferably contains a lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- a known conductive material that enhances the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode mixture layer 28 can be used, and for example, carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Can be mentioned.
- the binder a known binder that maintains a good contact state between the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and enhances the binding property of the positive electrode active material or the like to the surface of the positive electrode current collector 26 can be used, for example.
- Fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), Examples thereof include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylidene pyrrolidone (PVP) and the like.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVP polyvinylidene pyrrolidone
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode current collector 30 and a negative electrode mixture layer 32 arranged on the negative electrode current collector 30.
- a negative electrode lead 22 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 30.
- the negative electrode lead 22 is housed in the battery case 24 so that the tip of the negative electrode lead 22 projects to the outside of the battery case 24.
- the negative electrode current collector 30 an electrochemically and chemically stable metal foil in the potential range of the negative electrode 12, a film on which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the form of the negative electrode current collector 30 is not particularly limited, and for example, a porous body such as a mesh body of the metal, a punching sheet, or an expanded metal may be used.
- the material of the negative electrode current collector 30 include Al, Ti, Mg, Zn, Pb, Sn, Zr, In and the like. These may be used alone or may be alloys of two or more kinds, and may be composed of a material containing at least one as a main component. Moreover, when it contains two or more elements, it does not necessarily have to be alloyed.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 30 is preferably, for example, 3 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of current collector property, mechanical strength, and the like.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 32 contains a negative electrode active material. Further, the negative electrode mixture layer 32 may contain a binder, a conductive material, or the like. As the conductive material and the binder material, the same materials as those on the positive electrode 10 side can be used.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, etc. is applied onto the negative electrode current collector 30, the coating film is dried and rolled, and the negative electrode mixture layer 32 is a negative electrode collection. It can be manufactured by forming it on the electric body 30.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can be used as the negative electrode active material of the conventional lithium ion secondary battery, and for example, carbon such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotube, and activated carbon.
- carbon such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotube, and activated carbon.
- examples thereof include materials, metals and alloys such as Li, Si and Sn, and metal compounds such as oxides, metal sulfides and metal nitrides.
- the Li alloy include a lithium aluminum alloy, a lithium tin alloy, a lithium lead alloy, and a lithium silicon alloy.
- the metal oxide having Li include lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and the like) and the like.
- the Li-containing metal nitride include lithium cobalt nitride, lithium iron nitride, and lithium manganese nitride.
- sulfur-based compounds can also be
- the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 containing a lithium salt is, for example, a solid electrolyte in which a lithium salt, an aqueous solvent, and a matrix polymer are combined.
- the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is obtained, for example, by dissolving a lithium salt in an aqueous solvent and then drying a precursor solution in which a matrix polymer is mixed or dissolved.
- the water-based solvent is a solvent containing water, and water alone may be used, but water and a solvent other than water may be contained.
- the content of water with respect to the total amount of the aqueous solvent is preferably 50% or more by volume, for example, in terms of enhancing the safety of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the amount of water with respect to the lithium salt contained in the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is preferably 1: 4 or less in terms of the lithium salt: water molar ratio, and is in the range of 1: 0.5 to 1: 4. Is more preferable, and the range is more preferably in the range of 1: 0.5 to 1: 3 mol.
- the amount of water with respect to the lithium salt contained in the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is within the above range, for example, the potential window of the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is expanded as compared with the case outside the above range, and the lithium ion secondary battery 1 It may be possible to increase the applied voltage to.
- the solvent other than water contained in the aqueous solvent examples include organic solvents such as esters, ethers, nitriles, alcohols, ketones, amines, amides, sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons. Further, a halogen-substituted product or the like in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine may be used.
- organic solvents such as esters, ethers, nitriles, alcohols, ketones, amines, amides, sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons.
- a halogen-substituted product or the like in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine may be used.
- cyclic organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylidene carbonate and butylene carbonate, chains such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- Organic carbonates such as fluorinated organic carbonates containing fluorine as a constituent element such as organic carbonates, fluoroethylene carbonates, fluorodimethyl carbonates, and methyl fluoropropionate are preferable.
- a cyclic organic carbonate or a fluorinated organic carbonate containing fluorine as a constituent element is preferable in terms of suppressing self-discharge of the battery.
- fluoroethylene carbonate is preferable.
- the amount of the organic carbonate with respect to the lithium salt contained in the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 is preferably in the range of 1: 0.01 to 1: 2.5 in terms of the molar ratio of the lithium salt: the organic carbonate, and is 1: 0.05. It is more preferably in the range of ⁇ 1: 2.
- the amount of the organic carbonate with respect to the lithium salt is within the above range, it may be possible to improve the battery characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery as compared with the case outside the above range.
- the lithium salt can be used as long as it is a compound that dissolves and dissociates in an aqueous solvent and allows lithium ions to be present in the aqueous solid electrolyte 16.
- a lithium salt include a salt with an inorganic acid such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, a salt with a halide ion such as a chloride ion and a bromide ion, and an organic anion containing a carbon atom in the structure. Salt and the like.
- Examples of the organic anion constituting the lithium salt include anions represented by the following general formulas (i) to (vi). (R 1 SO 2 ) (R 2 SO 2 ) N- ( i) (R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from an alkyl group or a halogen-substituted alkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- (R 5 SO 2 ) 3 C- ( iv) (R 5 is selected from an alkyl group or a halogen-substituted alkyl group.
- (v) (R 6 and R 7 are selected from an alkyl group or a halogen-substituted alkyl group.)
- Fluorine is preferable as the halogen of the halogen-substituted alkyl group.
- the number of halogen substitutions in the halogen-substituted alkyl group is less than or equal to the number of hydrogens in the original alkyl group.
- R 1 to R 9 is, for example, a group represented by the following general formula (vii).
- organic anion represented by the above general formula (iv) include tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) carbon acid ([(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C] - ) and tris (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) carbon. Acids ([(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 C] - ) and the like can be mentioned.
- organic anion represented by the above general formula (V) include, for example, a sulfonylbis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([(CF 3 SO 2 ) N (SO 2 ) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] 2 - ), Sulfonylbis (Perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ([( C2 F 5 SO 2 ) N (SO 2 ) N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )] 2- ), Sulfonyl (Perfluoroethanesulfonyl) (trifluo) Examples thereof include lomethanesulfonyl) imide ([(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) N (SO 2 ) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] 2- ).
- organic anion represented by the above general formula (vi) include, for example, carbonylbis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([(CF 3 SO 2 ) N (CO) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] 2- . ), Carbonylbis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ([( C2F5SO2 ) N (CO) N ( C2F 5 SO2)] 2- ), carbonyl (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([( C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) N (CO) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] 2- ) and the like.
- Examples of the organic anion other than the above general formulas (i) to (vi) include bis (1,2-benzenegeolate (2-) -O, O') boric acid and bis (2,3-naphthalenedioleate).
- an imide anion is preferable.
- Suitable specific examples of the imide anion include, for example, the imide anion exemplified as the organic anion represented by the above general formula (i), as well as the bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (FSI; [N (FSO 2 ) 2 ] - . ), (Fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (FTI; [N (FSO 2 ) (CF 3 SO 2 )] - ) and the like.
- a lithium salt having a lithium ion and an imide anion can effectively suppress self-discharge of a battery, and is, for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide.
- LiBETI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- LiFSI lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- LiFTI lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- Lomethanesulfonyl) imide is more preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium salts include CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 2 F 5 SO 3 Li, CF 3 CO 2 Li, C 2 F 5 CO 2 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 CLi, (C 2 ). F 5 SO 2 ) 3 CLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 (CF 3 SO 2 ) CLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CLi, [(CF 3 SO 2 ) N (SO 2 ) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] Li 2 , [(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) N (SO 2 ) N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )] Li 2 , [(C 2 F 5 SO 2 )] ) N (SO 2 ) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] Li 2 , [(CF 3 SO 2 ) N (CO) N (CF 3 SO 2 )] Li 2 , [(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) N ( CO) N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )] Li 2 , [(C 2 F 5 SO 2 )
- the matrix polymer is, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylic nitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polymethacrylic acid.
- PVDF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride
- PAN polyacrylic nitrile
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- Methyl (PMMA) and the like can be mentioned.
- it may be a polymer obtained by mixing acrylonitrile and acrylic acid, which are monomers, and thermally polymerizing them.
- the content of the matrix polymer is, for example, preferably 1% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the aqueous solid electrolyte 16.
- gelation or solidification of the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 becomes easy.
- the water-based solid electrolyte 16 may be coated on the entire positive electrode 10, but as shown in FIG. 1, it may be only coated on at least the positive electrode mixture layer 28.
- aqueous solid electrolyte 16 for example, a precursor solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an aqueous solvent and further mixing or dissolving a matrix polymer is applied to the positive electrode 10, or the positive electrode 10 is immersed in the precursor solution. The precursor solution is coated on the positive electrode 10 and then dried.
- the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18 containing a lithium salt may be a non-aqueous solid electrolyte or a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte.
- a non-aqueous solid electrolyte it is a solid electrolyte in which a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a matrix polymer are combined
- a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte it is a liquid electrolyte in which an organic solvent is dissolved in a lithium salt. ..
- a non-aqueous solid electrolyte is more preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing water permeation because it coats the entire negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous solid electrolyte is prepared, for example, by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent and then heating and drying a precursor solution in which a matrix polymer is mixed or dissolved.
- organic solvent examples include known organic solvents used in conventional non-aqueous secondary batteries, and examples thereof include the above-mentioned esters, ethers, nitriles, alcohols, ketones, amines, amides, and the like. Examples thereof include sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons. Among these, it is preferable to use esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, a mixed solvent of two or more of these, and the like, from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics and the like.
- esters include cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate, and chain carbonate esters such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl carbonate. , Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like.
- ethers include, for example, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetratetra, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1, Cyclic ethers such as 4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineole, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diisopropyl ether.
- Examples include ethers.
- the organic solvent contains a halogen-substituted product in which hydrogen of the above-mentioned various solvents is replaced with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- a fluorinated cyclic carbonate ester a fluorinated chain carbonate ester, and a fluorinated ether is preferable.
- fluorinated cyclic carbonates are 4-fluoroethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4,5-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4,5. , 5-Tetrafluoroethylene carbonate and the like.
- fluorinated chain carbonate examples include ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate, methyl pentafluoropropionate and the like.
- fluorinated ethers are 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3. -Tetrafluoropropyl ether and the like can be mentioned.
- the organic solvent preferably contains a cyclic organic solvent such as a cyclic carbonate ester from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the lithium ion conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte 18, for example, 80 volumes with respect to the total volume of the organic solvent. More preferably, it contains% or more of a cyclic organic solvent.
- a cyclic organic solvent such as a cyclic carbonate ester from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the lithium ion conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte 18, for example, 80 volumes with respect to the total volume of the organic solvent. More preferably, it contains% or more of a cyclic organic solvent.
- lithium salt examples include known lithium salts used in conventional non-aqueous secondary batteries, and examples thereof include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , and so on.
- the lithium salt may be, for example, the above-exemplified lithium salt used for the aqueous solid electrolyte 16.
- the same matrix polymer as the aqueous solid electrolyte 16 can be used.
- the content of the matrix polymer is, for example, preferably 1% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte 18. Within the above range, for example, solidification of the non-aqueous electrolyte 18 becomes easy.
- the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18 preferably has a solubility of 2 g or less in 100 g of water at 25 ° C., for example, in that contact between the negative electrode 12 and water can be effectively suppressed.
- the water repellency of the non-aqueous electrolyte 18 can be enhanced, for example, by increasing the proportion of the organic solvent having a water-repellent substituent or the fluorinated organic solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte 18 may only be coated on the surface of the negative electrode mixture layer 32, but since side reactions of water also occur on the negative electrode current collector 30 and the negative electrode lead 22, as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the entire negative electrode 12 is coated, and further preferably, the negative electrode lead 22 (excluding the portion protruding from the battery case 24) is also coated. Further, the non-aqueous electrolyte 18 is preferably coated on the separator 14 as shown in FIG. 1 from the viewpoint of effectively suppressing the sneaking of water into the negative electrode 12.
- a precursor solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent and further mixing or dissolving a matrix polymer is applied to a negative electrode 12 or a separator 14, or a negative electrode lead is applied to the precursor solution. It is obtained by immersing the assembly around which the separator 14 is wound in the negative electrode 12 to which the 22 is attached, coating the negative electrode 12 or the like with the precursor solution, and then heating the negative electrode 12.
- the separator 14 is not particularly limited as long as it allows lithium ions to pass through and has a function of electrically separating the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12, and is, for example, a porous sheet made of a resin, an inorganic material, or the like. Is used. Specific examples of the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric. Examples of the material of the separator 14 include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamides, polyamideimides, and celluloses. Examples of the inorganic material constituting the separator 14 include glass borosilicate, silica, alumina, titania and the like, and ceramics.
- the separator 14 may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as an olefin resin. Further, the multilayer separator 14 including the polyethylene layer and the polypropylene layer may be used, or a separator 14 coated with a material such as an aramid resin or ceramic may be used.
- the separator 14 can be wound around the negative electrode 12 and coated with the water-repellent non-aqueous electrolyte 18 together with the negative electrode 12 in that water wraps around the negative electrode 12 and the side reaction of water at the negative electrode 12 is effectively suppressed.
- the separator 14 may be simply arranged between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12, or may be coated on the aqueous solid electrolyte 16. Even in such a form, it is possible to suppress the side reaction of water and suppress the decrease in the initial charge / discharge efficiency.
- Examples of the battery case 24 include a metal case, a resin case, a laminated film case, and the like.
- the material of the metal case include nickel, iron, stainless steel and the like.
- the material of the resin case include polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the laminated film is, for example, a multilayer film in which a stainless steel foil is coated with a resin film.
- Examples of the material of the resin film include polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and the like.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of this embodiment is used in various forms such as a square type, a cylindrical type, a flat type, a thin type, a coin type, and a laminated type.
- Example 1 [Negative electrode] Graphite as a negative electrode active material and PVDF as a binder were mixed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at a solid content mass ratio of 96: 4 to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. Next, the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied onto a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil, the coating film was dried, and then rolled by a rolling roller. Then, it was cut to a predetermined electrode size to obtain a negative electrode. The coating amount of the negative electrode mixture slurry and the filling density of the negative electrode mixture layer were 32.3 g / m 2 and 1.0 gcm -3 , respectively.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Lithium iron phosphate (LFP, composition: LiFePO 4 ) as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive material, and PVDF as a binder are mixed in an NMP at a mass ratio of 94: 3: 3.
- LFP Lithium iron phosphate
- carbon black as a conductive material
- PVDF as a binder
- NMP NMP
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was applied onto a positive electrode current collector made of Ti foil, the coating film was dried, and then rolled by a rolling roller. Then, it was cut to a predetermined electrode size to obtain a positive electrode.
- the coating amount of the positive electrode mixture slurry and the filling density of the positive electrode mixture layer were 65.0 g / cm 2 and 2.8 g cm -3 , respectively.
- An electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving 1 M of LITFSI in a mixed solution of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (FMP) at a volume ratio of 9: 1.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PVDF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride
- THF polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride
- An electrolytic solution was mixed with the solution to prepare a precursor solution of a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- an assembly in which a separator is wound around a negative electrode to which a negative electrode lead is attached is prepared, the assembly is immersed in a precursor solution of a non-aqueous electrolyte, dried at 60 ° C. for 1 hour, and coated on the assembly.
- the precursor solution was made into a non-aqueous solid electrolyte.
- Aqueous solid electrolyte LITFSI, LIBETI, and water are mixed so as to have a molar ratio of 0.7: 0.3: 2.0, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to a solution in which LITFSI and LIBETI are dissolved in water.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a precursor solution of an aqueous solid electrolyte was prepared by dissolving at a concentration of 9% by mass.
- the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer of the positive electrode to which the positive electrode lead is attached is coated with a precursor solution of an aqueous solid electrolyte, dried at room temperature for 10 minutes, and the precursor solution coated on the positive electrode mixture layer is aqueous. It was made into a solid electrolyte.
- Test cell As shown in FIG. 1, a test cell was prepared by accommodating an assembly coated with a non-aqueous electrolyte and a positive electrode coated with an aqueous solid electrolyte in a battery case.
- Example 2 Example 1 except that Li, Ni, Co, and Al-containing transition metal oxides (NCA, composition: LiNi 0.92 Co 0.05 Al 0.03 O 2 ) were used instead of lithium iron phosphate.
- NCA transition metal oxide
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as above.
- the packing densities of the positive electrode mixture layer at this time were 40.0 g / m 2 and 2.6 g cm -3 , respectively.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> Instead of the aqueous solid electrolyte, LITFSI, LIBETI, and water were mixed so as to have a molar ratio of 0.7: 0.3: 2.0, and LITFSI and LIBETI were dissolved in water.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolyte was used and the positive electrode was immersed in this aqueous liquid electrolyte and housed in a battery case.
- Example 2 The assembly of Example 1 (a negative electrode with a negative electrode lead attached and a separator wrapped around it), the positive electrode with the positive electrode lead of Example 1 attached, and the aqueous liquid electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 were housed in a battery case and tested. A cell was prepared.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 4> Instead of the aqueous solid electrolyte, LITFSI, LIBETI, and water were mixed so as to have a molar ratio of 0.7: 0.3: 2.0, and LITFSI and LIBETI were dissolved in water.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that an electrolyte was used and the positive electrode was immersed in this aqueous liquid electrolyte and housed in a battery case.
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Abstract
Description
(R1SO2)(R2SO2)N- (i)
(R1、R2は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。R1及びR2は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。)
R3SO3 - (ii)
(R3は、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。)
R4CO2 - (iii)
(R4は、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。)
(R5SO2)3C- (iv)
(R5は、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。)
[(R6SO2)N(SO2)N(R7SO2)]2-(v)
(R6、R7は、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。)
[(R8SO2)N(CO)N(R9SO2)]2-(vi)
(R8、R9は、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基から選択される。)
上記一般式(i)~(vi)において、アルキル基又はハロゲン置換アルキル基の炭素数は、1~6が好ましく、1~3がより好ましく、1~2がさらに好ましい。ハロゲン置換アルキル基のハロゲンとしてはフッ素が好ましい。ハロゲン置換アルキル基におけるハロゲン置換数は、もとのアルキル基の水素の数以下である。
(nは1以上の整数であり、a、b、c、d、eは0以上の整数であり、2n+1=a+b+c+d+eを満足する。)
上記一般式(i)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えば、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(TFSI;[N(CF3SO2)2]-)、ビス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド(BETI;[N(C2F5SO2)2]-)、(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド([N(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)]-)等が挙げられる。上記一般式(ii)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えばCF3SO3 -、C2F5SO3 -等が挙げられる。上記一般式(iii)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えばCF3CO2 -、C2F5CO2 -等が挙げられる。上記一般式(iv)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えば、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)炭素酸([(CF3SO2)3C]-)、トリス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)炭素酸([(C2F5SO2)3C]-)等が挙げられる。上記一般式(V)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えば、スルホニルビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド([(CF3SO2)N(SO2)N(CF3SO2)]2-)、スルホニルビス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド([(C2F5SO2)N(SO2)N(C2F5SO2)]2-)、スルホニル(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド([(C2F5SO2)N(SO2)N(CF3SO2)]2-)等があげられる。上記一般式(vi)で表される有機アニオンの具体例としては、例えば、カルボニルビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド([(CF3SO2)N(CO)N(CF3SO2)]2-)、カルボニルビス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド([(C2F5SO2)N(CO)N(C2F5SO2)]2-)、カルボニル(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド([(C2F5SO2)N(CO)N(CF3SO2)]2-)等があげられる。
以下、実施例により本開示をさらに説明するが、本開示はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[負極]
負極活物質としての黒鉛と、結着材としてのPVDFとを、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)中で96:4の固形分質量比で混合して、負極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、当該負極合材スラリーを銅箔からなる負極集電体上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延ローラーにより圧延した。そして、所定の電極サイズに切断して、負極を得た。負極合材スラリーの塗布量、及び負極合材層の充填密度は、それぞれ32.3g/m2、1.0gcm-3であった。
正極活物質としてのリン酸鉄リチウム(LFP、組成:LiFePO4)と、導電材としてのカーボンブラックと、結着材としてのPVDFとを、NMP中で94:3:3の質量比で混合して、正極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、当該正極合材スラリーを、Ti箔からなる正極集電体上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延ローラーにより圧延した。そして、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極を得た。正極合材スラリーの塗布量、及び正極合材層の充填密度は、それぞれ65.0g/cm2、2.8gcm-3であった。
フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)とを、体積比9:1で混合した混合溶液に、1MのLITFSIを溶解させて電解液を調製した。次に、電解液に対して、4質量%のポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)と、8質量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン-六フッ化プロピレン(PVDF-HFP)を準備し、PMMAの10倍量のTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)と10倍量のアセトンを混合した溶媒に溶解させる。その溶解液に、電解液を混合して、非水系電解質の前駆体溶液を調製した。
LITFSIと、LIBETIと、水とを、モル比で0.7:0.3:2.0となるように混合して、水にLITFSI及びLIBETIを溶解させた溶液に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を9質量%の濃度で溶解して、水系固体電解質の前駆体溶液を調製した。
非水系電解質でコーティングされた組立体、水系固体電解質でコーティングされた正極を、図1に示すように、電池ケースに収容して、試験セルを作製した。
リン酸鉄リチウムの代わりに、Li、Ni、Co、Al含有遷移金属酸化物(NCA、組成:LiNi0.92Co0.05Al0.03O2)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、試験セルを作製した。この時の正極合材層の充填密度は、それぞれ40.0g/m2、2.6gcm-3であった。
水系固体電解質の代わりに、LITFSIと、LIBETIと、水とを、モル比で0.7:0.3:2.0となるように混合して、水にLITFSI及びLIBETIを溶解させた水系液体電解質を用いたこと、この水系液体電解質に正極を浸漬させて電池ケースに収容したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、試験セルを作製した。
実施例1の組立体(負極リードを取り付けた負極にセパレータを巻き付けたもの)、実施例1の正極リードを取り付けた正極、及び比較例1の水系液体電解質を、電池ケースに収容して、試験セルを作製した。
LITFSIと、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、水とを、モル比で1.0:0.2:0.2:1.5となるように混合して、電解液を調製した。そして、実施例1の組立体、実施例1の正極リードを取り付けた正極、比較例3の水系液体電解質を、電池ケースに収容して、試験セルを作製した。
水系固体電解質の代わりに、LITFSIと、LIBETIと、水とを、モル比で0.7:0.3:2.0となるように混合して、水にLITFSI及びLIBETIを溶解させた水系液体電解質を用いたこと、この水系液体電解質に正極を浸漬させて電池ケースに収容したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、試験セルを作製した。
初回の充放電効率(%)=(初回の放電容量)/(初回の充電容量)×100
10 正極
12 負極
14 セパレータ
16 水系固体電解質
18 非水系電解質
20 正極リード
22 負極リード
24 電池ケース
26 正極集電体
28 正極合材層
30 負極集電体
32 負極合材層
Claims (8)
- 負極と、正極と、リチウム塩を含む撥水性の非水系電解質と、リチウム塩を含む水系固体電解質と、を有し、
前記水系固体電解質は、前記負極及び前記正極のうち、前記正極のみに接触しており、
前記非水系電解質は、前記負極及び前記正極のうち、少なくとも前記負極に接触している、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記水系固体電解質は、前記リチウム塩、水を含む溶媒、マトリックスポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記非水系電解質は、非水系固体電解質である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記非水系固体電解質は、前記リチウム塩、有機溶媒、マトリックスポリマーを含む、請求項3に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記有機溶媒は、環状有機溶媒を含み、
前記環状有機溶媒は、前記有機溶媒の総体積に対して、80体積%以上含まれる、請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記正極は、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を有し、前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、Ni、Co、Mn、及びAlのうち少なくともいずれか1つの元素を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物に含まれる元素は、Ni元素、Co元素、Ni及びMnの2元素、Ni、Co及びMnの3元素、或いはNi、Co及びAlの3元素を含む、請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極は、炭素材料を含む負極活物質を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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| EP21853581.3A EP4191731A4 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-06-14 | LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY |
| US18/018,339 US20230291005A1 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-06-14 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2022541136A JP7734324B2 (ja) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-06-14 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| CN116057750A (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
| JP7734324B2 (ja) | 2025-09-05 |
| EP4191731A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
| US20230291005A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
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