WO2019181703A1 - 内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法 - Google Patents
内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019181703A1 WO2019181703A1 PCT/JP2019/010400 JP2019010400W WO2019181703A1 WO 2019181703 A1 WO2019181703 A1 WO 2019181703A1 JP 2019010400 W JP2019010400 W JP 2019010400W WO 2019181703 A1 WO2019181703 A1 WO 2019181703A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for suppressing thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries are small and light, have high energy density, high capacity, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, so portable PCs, handy video cameras, information terminals, etc. It is widely used as a power source for portable electronic devices. From the viewpoint of environmental problems, electric vehicles using non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and hybrid vehicles using electric power as part of power have been put into practical use.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are composed of members such as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes.
- a flammable organic solvent is used as the main solvent for the electrolyte, and if a large amount of energy is released due to an internal short circuit, etc., thermal runaway occurs, and there is a risk of ignition or rupture.
- Countermeasures are being considered.
- a method using a porous film mainly composed of polyolefin as a separator see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2), in addition to the separator, a porous heat-resistant layer is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a method of providing for example, refer to Patent Document 3
- a method of coating the surface of an electrode active material with a metal oxide for example, refer to Patent Document 4
- a method of using lithium-containing nickel oxide as a positive electrode active material for example, Patent Document 5
- a method using an olivine type lithium phosphate compound as a positive electrode active material for example, refer to Patent Document 6
- a method using a spinel lithium titanate compound as a negative electrode active material for example, Patent Document 7
- a method using a nonflammable fluorine-based solvent as the main solvent of the electrolyte see, for example, Patent Documents 8 and 9
- a solid-state battery that does not use an organic solvent as the electrolyte are known.
- the battery becomes larger by the amount of the porous heat-resistant layer, and the electrode activity is increased.
- the content of the electrode active material contained in the electrode mixture layer of the electrode is relatively reduced, and the capacity of the battery is reduced. The advantage of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is lost.
- a method using a lithium-containing nickel oxide or an olivine-type lithium phosphate compound as a positive electrode active material nor a method using a spinel lithium titanate compound as a negative electrode active material can provide a high charge / discharge capacity. Further, in the method using a fluorinated solvent, the fluorinated solvent is very expensive, resulting in a significant cost increase. In the method using a solid electrolyte, since a solid electrolyte material having no fluidity is used, the internal resistance is increased, and the performance is deteriorated as compared with an electrolyte using an organic solvent.
- sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile has a large charge / discharge capacity, and is known as an electrode active material with a small decrease in charge / discharge capacity (hereinafter sometimes referred to as cycle characteristics) due to repeated charge / discharge (for example,
- cycle characteristics charge / discharge capacity
- thermal runaway is unlikely to occur even if an internal short circuit occurs. It is not known that there is no danger.
- the object of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte that is small, light, and has a high capacity without increasing the size or significantly increasing the cost, is unlikely to cause thermal runaway even if an internal short circuit occurs, and has no risk of ignition or rupture. It is to provide a secondary battery.
- the present inventors use a negative electrode containing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, so that even a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having an electrolyte using an organic solvent as a solvent can be used.
- the present inventors have found that thermal runaway is unlikely to occur and ignition or rupture due to an internal short circuit can be prevented. That is, the present invention includes a sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile contained in an electrode mixture layer of a negative electrode in a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a nonaqueous electrolyte. This is a method of suppressing thermal runaway due to a short circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an example of the structure of a coin-type battery of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of a cylindrical battery of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the cylindrical battery of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery as a cross section.
- the method for suppressing thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit is characterized in that sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is contained in the electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode. Thereby, even if an internal short circuit occurs, thermal runaway is unlikely to occur, and the risk of ignition or rupture can be reduced.
- sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile acts as a negative electrode active material.
- Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is a compound obtained by heat-treating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- Polyacrylonitrile can be a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomers such as acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, N-vinylformamide, and N, N'-methylenebis (acrylamide), but battery performance decreases when the acrylonitrile content decreases. Therefore, the acrylonitrile content of the copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomers is preferably at least 90 parts by mass.
- the ratio of polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in the heat treatment is preferably 100 parts by mass to 1500 parts by mass, more preferably 150 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of polyacrylonitrile.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 250 ° C. to 550 ° C., more preferably 350 ° C. to 450 ° C. Since unreacted elemental sulfur becomes a factor that degrades the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery, it is preferably removed by heating, solvent washing, or the like.
- the sulfur content of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is preferably 25% by mass to 60% by mass, and more preferably 30% by mass to 55% by mass because a large charge / discharge capacity can be obtained.
- the particle size of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m in terms of average particle size.
- the average particle diameter refers to a 50% particle diameter (D50) measured by a laser diffraction light scattering method.
- the particle diameter is a volume-based diameter, and the diameter of secondary particles is measured by the laser diffraction light scattering method.
- D50 50% particle diameter
- the particle diameter is a volume-based diameter, and the diameter of secondary particles is measured by the laser diffraction light scattering method.
- a great deal of labor is required, but further improvement in battery performance cannot be expected.
- the average particle diameter is larger than 100 ⁇ m, a smooth electrode mixture layer is obtained. It may not be possible.
- the particle size of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile can have a desired particle size by a method such as pulverization.
- the pulverization may be dry pulverization performed in a gas or wet pulverization performed in a liquid such as water. Examples of industrial pulverization methods include a ball mill, a roller mill, a turbo mill, a jet mill, a cyclone mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, a rotating mill, a vibration mill, a planetary mill, an attritor, and a bead mill.
- the negative electrode is obtained by forming an electrode mixture layer containing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile on a current collector.
- the electrode mixture layer is formed by applying a slurry prepared by adding a sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, a binder, a conductive additive, and, if necessary, another negative electrode active material to a solvent, and drying it.
- the content of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in the electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and further preferably 50% by mass or more. When the content of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is less than 30% by mass, the effect of suppressing thermal runaway may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the upper limit of the content of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is not particularly limited, but is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, because the physical strength of the electrode mixture layer may be decreased, and is 99% by mass or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 98% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode active material can be only sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, and can be combined with other negative electrode active materials as long as the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile content is 30% by mass or more.
- the content of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in the electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is small, the charge / discharge capacity becomes small. Therefore, it is preferable to use a combination of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile and another negative electrode active material.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is preferably larger because the charge / discharge capacity is increased. However, if the amount is too large, the conductivity and physical strength of the electrode mixture layer are decreased. It is preferably no greater than mass%, more preferably no greater than 99 mass%, and even more preferably no greater than 98 mass%.
- negative electrode active materials include, for example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, lithium, lithium alloy, silicon, silicon alloy, silicon oxide, tin, tin alloy, tin oxide, phosphorus, germanium , Indium, copper oxide, antimony sulfide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, lead oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, LiVO 2 , Li 2 VO 4 , Li 4 Ti 5
- a composite oxide such as O 12 may be mentioned. Natural graphite and artificial graphite have high electrical conductivity and also have a function of a conductive aid.
- conductive assistant those known as conductive assistants for electrodes can be used. Specifically, carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, carbon nanotube , Carbon materials such as vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), graphene, fullerene, and needle coke; metal powders such as aluminum powder, nickel powder, and titanium powder; conductive metal oxides such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide And sulfides such as La 2 S 3 , Sm 2 S 3 , Ce 2 S 3 and TiS 2 .
- the average particle size of the conductive auxiliary agent is preferably 0.0001 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material with high electrical conductivity such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, a conductive auxiliary agent may be unnecessary, but an electrode mixture layer having sufficient conductivity.
- the electrode mixture layer preferably contains a conductive additive.
- the content of the conductive additive in the electrode mixture layer is too small, sufficient conductivity may not be obtained.
- the content of the negative electrode active material decreases and the charge / discharge capacity is reduced. Therefore, the content of the conductive auxiliary in the electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and 2% by mass to 15% by mass. Further preferred.
- binders for electrodes can be used.
- the binder is preferably an aqueous binder because of its low environmental impact, and more preferably styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and polyacrylic acid. Only one binder can be used, and two or more binders can be used in combination.
- the binder content in the electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.5% by mass to 30% by mass, and more preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass.
- Examples of the solvent for preparing the slurry include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, nitromethane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N, N-dimethylamino Propylamine, polyethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, water, alcohol, etc.
- the amount of the solvent used can be adjusted in accordance with the slurry application method.
- it is preferably 10% by mass to 80% by mass of the slurry, and 20% by mass to 70% by mass. More preferably.
- the slurry may contain other components in addition to the electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive additive.
- other components include a viscosity modifier, a reinforcing material, an antioxidant, and a dispersant.
- the method for preparing the slurry is not particularly limited, but for example, a normal ball mill, sand mill, bead mill, pigment disperser, crusher, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, rotation / revolution mixer, planetary mixer, fill mix, jet pace Can be used.
- a conductive material such as titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, or the like is used.
- the surface of these conductive materials may be coated with carbon.
- aluminum and copper are preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity and price.
- the shape of the current collector include a foil shape, a plate shape, and a mesh shape, and a foil shape is preferable. In the case of a foil shape, the thickness of the foil is usually 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the method of applying the slurry to the current collector is not particularly limited, and is a die coater method, comma coater method, curtain coater method, spray coater method, gravure coater method, flexo coater method, knife coater method, doctor blade method, reverse roll.
- Each method such as a method, a brush coating method, or a dipping method can be used.
- a die coater method, a doctor blade method, and a knife coater method are preferred because it is possible to obtain a good surface state of the coating layer in accordance with physical properties such as viscosity of the slurry and drying properties.
- the slurry can be applied to one side of the current collector or can be applied to both sides.
- a current collector When applying to both sides of a current collector, it may be applied sequentially on each side or on both sides simultaneously. Moreover, it can apply
- the thickness, length and width of the coating layer can be appropriately determined according to the size of the battery.
- the method of drying the slurry applied on the current collector is not particularly limited, and irradiation with far infrared rays, infrared rays, electron beams, etc., which is allowed to stand in warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, a heating furnace, etc. Each method such as can be used. By this drying, volatile components such as a solvent are volatilized from the slurry coating, and an electrode mixture layer is formed on the current collector. Thereafter, the electrode can be pressed as necessary. Examples of the pressing method include a mold pressing method and a roll pressing method.
- a known positive electrode active material can be used as the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention can be applied.
- known positive electrode active materials include lithium transition metal composite oxides, lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compounds, lithium-containing silicate compounds, and lithium-containing transition metal sulfate compounds.
- the transition metal of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is preferably vanadium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper or the like.
- lithium transition metal composite oxide examples include lithium cobalt composite oxide such as LiCoO 2 , lithium nickel composite oxide such as LiNiO 2 , and lithium manganese composite oxide such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and Li 2 MnO 3.
- lithium cobalt composite oxide such as LiCoO 2
- lithium nickel composite oxide such as LiNiO 2
- lithium manganese composite oxide such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and Li 2 MnO 3.
- Some of the transition metal atoms that are the main components of these lithium transition metal composite oxides are aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, lithium, nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, gallium, zirconium, etc. The thing substituted with the other metal etc. are mentioned.
- transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound vanadium, titanium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and the like are preferable, and specific examples include LiFePO 4 , LiMn x Fe 1-x PO 4 (0 ⁇ Iron phosphate compounds such as x ⁇ 1), cobalt phosphate compounds such as LiCoPO 4 , and some of the transition metal atoms that are the main components of these lithium transition metal phosphate compounds are aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese , Iron, cobalt, lithium, nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, gallium, zirconium, niobium and other metal-substituted compounds, and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 vanadium phosphate compounds, etc. .
- the lithium-containing silicate compound include Li 2 FeSiO 4 .
- lithium-containing transition metal sulfate compound include LiFeSO 4 and LiFeSO 4 F. These may be used alone or in combination of two or
- These positive electrode active materials have large charge / discharge capacities and are susceptible to thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit, but by using a negative electrode containing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, the internal short circuit of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery Thermal runaway can be suppressed.
- the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention can be applied can be manufactured by replacing the negative electrode active material with the above-described known positive electrode active material in the above-described negative electrode manufacturing method.
- the positive electrode active material contains many compounds that show acidity in an aqueous solution
- an organic solvent is preferably used as a solvent for the slurry, and a solvent-based binder is also preferably used as the binder.
- nonaqueous electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention can be applied examples include a liquid electrolyte obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in an organic solvent, and a polymer gel electrolyte obtained by dissolving the electrolyte in an organic solvent and gelling with a polymer.
- pure polymer electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes and the like in which an organic solvent is not contained and an electrolyte is dispersed in a polymer can be used.
- a conventionally known lithium salt is used as the electrolyte used for the liquid electrolyte and the polymer gel electrolyte.
- a conventionally known lithium salt is used as the electrolyte used for the liquid electrolyte and the polymer gel electrolyte.
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , and derivatives of LiC (CF 3 SO 2) 3 and LiCF 3 SO 3, and LiC (CF 3 SO 2) it is preferred to use at least one member selected from the group consisting of 3 derivatives.
- the electrolyte content in the liquid electrolyte and the polymer gel electrolyte is preferably 0.5 mol / L to 7 mol / L, more preferably 0.8 mol / L to 1.8 mol / L.
- Examples of the electrolyte used for the pure polymer electrolyte include LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiB. (CF 3 SO 3 ) 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be mentioned.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte may be coated with a polymer gel electrolyte.
- a polymer gel electrolyte layer may be provided between the inorganic solid electrolyte layer and the electrode.
- organic solvent used for the preparation of the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the present invention those usually used for non-aqueous electrolytes can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples include saturated cyclic carbonate compounds, saturated cyclic ester compounds, sulfoxide compounds, sulfone compounds, amide compounds, saturated chain carbonate compounds, chain ether compounds, cyclic ether compounds, and saturated chain ester compounds. .
- saturated cyclic carbonate compounds saturated cyclic ester compounds, sulfoxide compounds, sulfone compounds, and amide compounds are preferable because they have a high relative dielectric constant, and therefore play a role in increasing the dielectric constant of nonaqueous electrolytes.
- a carbonate compound is preferred.
- the saturated cyclic carbonate compound include ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 1,3-propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 1,3-butylene carbonate, 1,1-dimethylethylene carbonate, and the like. It is done.
- saturated cyclic ester compound examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, and ⁇ -octanolactone.
- sulfoxide compound examples include dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfoxide, dipropyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfoxide, thiophene, and the like.
- sulfone compound examples include dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, dipropyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane (also referred to as tetramethylene sulfone), 3-methyl sulfolane, 3,4-dimethyl sulfolane, 3,4-diphenmethyl sulfolane. , Sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolene, 3-ethylsulfolene, 3-bromomethylsulfolene and the like, and sulfolane and tetramethylsulfolane are preferable.
- the amide compound examples include N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and the like.
- saturated chain carbonate compounds, chain ether compounds, cyclic ether compounds and saturated chain ester compounds can reduce the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolyte and increase the mobility of electrolyte ions. Battery characteristics such as output density can be made excellent. Moreover, since it is low-viscosity, the performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte at low temperature can be enhanced, and therefore saturated chain carbonate compounds are particularly preferable.
- the saturated chain carbonate compound include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, methyl-t-butyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl propyl carbonate, and the like.
- Examples of the chain ether compound or the cyclic ether compound include dimethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dioxane, 1,2-bis (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane, 1,2-bis ( Ethoxycarbonyloxy) ethane, 1,2-bis (ethoxycarbonyloxy) propane, ethylene glycol bis (trifluoroethyl) ether, propylene glycol bis (trifluoroethyl) ether, ethylene glycol bis (trifluoromethyl) ether, diethylene glycol bis (Trifluoroethyl) ether and the like can be mentioned, and among these, dioxolane is preferable.
- saturated chain ester compound monoester compounds and diester compounds having a total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of 2 to 8 are preferable, and specific compounds include, for example, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, acetic acid Ethyl, propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethyl acetate, ethyl trimethyl acetate, methyl malonate, ethyl malonate, methyl succinate, ethyl succinate, Examples include methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethylene glycol diacetyl, propylene glycol diacetyl, and the like.
- Methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate And ethyl propionate are preferred.
- organic solvent used for preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, derivatives thereof, and various ionic liquids can be used.
- Examples of the polymer used in the polymer gel electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyhexafluoropropylene.
- Examples of the polymer used in the pure polymer electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain other known additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge preventing agent for the purpose of improving battery life and safety.
- additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge preventing agent for the purpose of improving battery life and safety.
- the amount is usually 0.01 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass with respect to the entire nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention can be applied may have a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a polymer microporous film usually used for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be used without any particular limitation.
- the film include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and the like.
- celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, polymer compounds mainly composed of poly (meth) acrylic acid and various esters thereof, derivatives thereof, films made of copolymers or mixtures thereof, etc. These films may be coated with ceramic materials such as alumina and silica, magnesium oxide, aramid resin, and polyvinylidene fluoride. That.
- these films can be used alone, and may be used as a multilayer film by superimposing these films. Furthermore, various additives can be used for these films, and the kind and content thereof are not particularly limited.
- a film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polysulfone is preferably used for a secondary battery manufactured by a method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous solvent electrolyte is a pure polymer electrolyte or an inorganic solid electrolyte, a separator may not be included.
- a laminate film or a metal container can be used as the exterior member of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention can be applied.
- the thickness of the exterior member is usually 0.5 mm or less, preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- Examples of the shape of the exterior member include a flat type (thin type), a square type, a cylindrical type, a coin type, and a button type.
- a multilayer film having a metal layer between resin films can also be used.
- the metal layer is preferably an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil for weight reduction.
- a polymer material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or polyethylene terephthalate can be used.
- the laminate film can be formed into the shape of an exterior member by performing heat sealing.
- the metal container can be formed of, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, or the like.
- the aluminum alloy an alloy containing elements such as magnesium, zinc, and silicon is preferable.
- transition metals such as iron, copper, nickel, and chromium
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention is applied may be a single battery, a stacked battery in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated in multiple layers via a separator, a long sheet separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode
- the present invention is not limited to a stacked nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery or a battery. It is preferably applied to a rotary nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the obtained sulfur-modified product was pulverized using a ball mill and classified with a sieve to obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m.
- the sulfur content of the obtained sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile was 38.4% by mass.
- the sulfur content was calculated from the results of analysis using a CHN analyzer that can analyze sulfur and oxygen.
- This slurry composition was continuously applied on both surfaces of a roll-shaped aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) current collector by a comma coater method, and dried at 90 ° C. for 3 hours.
- This roll is cut into 50 mm length and 90 mm width, the electrode mixture layer on one side of the horizontal side (short side) is removed 10 mm from the end, the current collector is exposed, and then vacuum dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours Then, a positive electrode 1 using Li (Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ) O 2 as a positive electrode active material was produced.
- This slurry composition was continuously applied on both surfaces of a roll-shaped carbon-coated aluminum foil (thickness 22 ⁇ m) current collector by a comma coater method, and dried at 90 ° C. for 3 hours.
- This roll is cut to 55 mm length and 95 mm width, the electrode mixture layer on one side of the horizontal side (short side) is removed 10 mm from the end, the current collector is exposed, and then vacuum dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours
- the negative electrode 1 which uses sulfur modified polyacrylonitrile as a negative electrode active material was produced.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / L in a mixed solvent composed of 50% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 50% by volume of diethyl carbonate to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte that is small, light, and has a high capacity without causing an increase in size or a significant cost increase, that is unlikely to cause thermal runaway even when an internal short circuit occurs, and that does not pose a risk of ignition or rupture.
- a secondary battery can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明は、正極活物質を含む正極、負極活物質を含む負極、及び非水電解質を有する非水電解質二次電池における負極の電極合剤層に、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを含有させる、内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法である。
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルは、ポリアクリロニトリルと単体硫黄を非酸化性雰囲気中で加熱処理して得られる化合物である。ポリアクリロニトリルは、アクリロニトリルとほかのモノマー、例えば、アクリル酸、酢酸ビニル、N-ビニルホルムアミド、N,N’-メチレンビス(アクリルアミド)とのコポリマーでも問題ないが、アクリロニトリルの含量が低くなると電池性能が低くなることからアクリロニトリルとほかのモノマーとのコポリマーのアクリロニトリルの含量は少なくとも90質量部以上であることが好ましい。
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの合成
開口径30μmのふるいで分級したポリアクリロニトリル粉末(シグマアルドリッチ製)10質量部及び硫黄粉末(シグマアルドリッチ製、平均粒子径200μm)30質量部を、乳鉢を用いて混合した。特開2013-054957号公報の実施例に準じて、この混合物を有底円筒状ガラス管に収容したのち、ガラス管の下部をルツボ型電気炉に入れ、窒素気流下で発生する硫化水素を除去しながら400℃で1時間加熱した。冷却後、生成物をガラスチューブオーブンに入れ、真空吸引しつつ250℃で3時間加熱することにより単体硫黄を除去した。得られた硫黄変性生成物を、ボールミルを用いて粉砕し、ふるいで分級して平均粒子径が10μmの硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを得た。得られた硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの硫黄含量は38.4質量%であった。なお、硫黄含量は、硫黄及び酸素が分析可能なCHN分析装置を用いた分析結果から算出した。
正極活物質として90.0質量部のLi(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2(日本化学工業製、商品名:NCM111)、導電助剤として5.0質量部のアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製)、バインダとして5.0質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(クレハ製)を、100質量部のN-メチルピロリドンに混合し、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて分散しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、コンマコーター法によりロール状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)の集電体の両面に連続的に塗布し、90℃で3時間乾燥した。このロールを縦50mm、横90mmにカットし、横辺(短辺)の一方の両面の電極合剤層を端から10mm除去し、集電体を露出させた後、150℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2を正極活物質とする正極1を作製した。
正極活物質としてLi(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2の代わりにLi(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2を用いた以外は、正極1の製造と同様の手順により、Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2を正極活物質とする正極2を作製した。
電極活物質として92.0質量部の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、導電助剤として3.5質量部のアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製)、1.5質量部のカーボンナノチューブ(VGCF:昭和電工製)、バインダとして1.5質量部のスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(水分散液、日本ゼオン製)、及び1.5質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(ダイセルファインケム製)を、120質量部の水に混合し、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて分散しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、コンマコーター法によりロール状のカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ22μm)の集電体の両面に連続的に塗布し、90℃で3時間乾燥した。このロールを縦55mm、横95mmにカットし、横辺(短辺)の一方の両面の電極合剤層を端から10mm除去し、集電体を露出させた後、150℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを負極活物質とする負極1を作製した。
電極活物質の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの量を92.0質量部から87.0質量部に変更し、導電助剤のアセチレンブラックの量を3.5質量部から8.5質量部に変更した以外は負極1と同様の手順により、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを負極活物質とする負極2を作製した。
電極活物質として硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの代わりに人造黒鉛を用い、集電体としてロール状のカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ22μm)の代わりにロール状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)を用いた以外は負極1と同様の手順により、人造黒鉛を負極活物質とする負極3を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート50体積%、ジエチルカーボネート50体積%からなる混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度で溶解し電解質溶液を調製した。
表1に示す正極と負極の組合せ及び電池容量になるように、正極と負極をセパレータ(セルガード社製、商品名:セルガード2325)を介して積層し、正極と負極にそれぞれ正極端子と負極端子を設け、積層体を得た。得られた積層体と非水電解質を可撓性フィルムに収容して実施例1~4及び比較例1~2の積層型のラミネート電池を得た。
実施例1~4の電池は、30℃の恒温槽中で、充電終止電圧を3.2V、放電終止電圧を0.8Vとし、充電レート0.1C、放電レート0.1Cで1回充放電し、ガス抜き処理を行った。さらに同様の条件での充放電サイクルを3回行った後、充電レート0.1Cで3.2Vまで充電してから試験に用いた。比較例1~2の電池は、30℃の恒温槽中で、充電終止電圧を4.2V、放電終止電圧を3.0Vとし、充電レート0.1C、放電レート0.1Cで1回充放電し、ガス抜き処理を行った。さらに同様の条件での充放電サイクルを3回行った後、充電レート0.1Cで4.2Vまで充電してから試験に用いた。
電池を直径10mmの穴のあいたフェノール樹脂板上に固定し、穴の中央部に、直径3mm、長さ65mmの鉄製のクギを1mm/sの速度で電池表面に対して垂直に突き刺し、電池から10mm貫通させて10分間保持した後、クギを引き抜いた。電池にクギを刺してから、30秒後、5分後及びクギを引き抜いた直後の電池の表面温度(℃)を、表2に示す。なお、電池の表面温度は、熱電対を用いクギ刺し部から10mm離れた電池表面の温度を測定した。
1a 正極集電体
2 負極
2a 負極集電体
3 非水電解質
4 正極ケース
5 負極ケース
6 ガスケット
7 セパレータ
10 コイン型の非水電解質二次電池
10’ 円筒型の非水電解質二次電池
11 負極
12 負極集電体
13 正極
14 正極集電体
15 非水電解質
16 セパレータ
17 正極端子
18 負極端子
19 負極板
20 負極リード
21 正極板
22 正極リード
23 ケース
24 絶縁板
25 ガスケット
26 安全弁
27 PTC素子
Claims (4)
- 正極活物質を含む正極、負極活物質を含む負極、及び非水電解質を有する非水電解質二次電池における負極の電極合剤層に、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを含有させる、内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
- 負極の電極合剤層における硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの含有量が30質量%以上である、請求項1に記載の内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
- 非水電解質が、有機溶媒を溶媒とする非水電解質である、請求項1又は2に記載の内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
- 正極活物質が、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物、リチウム含有遷移金属リン酸化合物、リチウム含有ケイ酸塩化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
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| EP19771267.2A EP3780170A4 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-13 | PROCESS FOR REMOVING A THERMAL RACKING CAUSED BY AN INTERNAL SHORT-CIRCUIT |
| JP2020508279A JPWO2019181703A1 (ja) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-13 | 内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法 |
| KR1020207020713A KR20200135292A (ko) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-13 | 내부 단락에 의한 열폭주 억제 방법 |
| US16/960,713 US20200335789A1 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-13 | Method for suppressing thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit |
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| CN114068942A (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-18 | 辉能科技股份有限公司 | 热失控抑制组件与其应用 |
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| CN115702509A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2023-02-14 | 株式会社Adeka | 电极和锂离子二次电池 |
| CN115836093A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-03-21 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫改性聚丙烯腈、包含该硫改性聚丙烯腈的电极活性物质、包含该电极活性物质的二次电池用电极、该电极的制造方法以及使用了该电极的非水电解质二次电池 |
| CN115956092A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-04-11 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫改性聚丙烯腈、包含该硫改性聚丙烯腈的电极活性物质、包含该电极活性物质的二次电池用电极、该电极的制造方法以及使用了该电极的非水电解质二次电池 |
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| KR20220051500A (ko) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-26 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 무기 코팅층이 형성된 음극의 제조방법 |
| CN112786834A (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-05-11 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 一种正极极片及包含其的锂离子电池 |
| CN114464887B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20200135292A (ko) | 2020-12-02 |
| EP3780170A4 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
| US20200335789A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
| EP3780170A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| TW201941484A (zh) | 2019-10-16 |
| JPWO2019181703A1 (ja) | 2021-03-18 |
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