WO2019160086A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019160086A1 WO2019160086A1 PCT/JP2019/005575 JP2019005575W WO2019160086A1 WO 2019160086 A1 WO2019160086 A1 WO 2019160086A1 JP 2019005575 W JP2019005575 W JP 2019005575W WO 2019160086 A1 WO2019160086 A1 WO 2019160086A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/64—Double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/66—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02378—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/64—Double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/66—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
- H10D30/665—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs having edge termination structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D62/051—Forming charge compensation regions, e.g. superjunctions
- H10D62/058—Forming charge compensation regions, e.g. superjunctions by using trenches, e.g. implanting into sidewalls of trenches or refilling trenches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/103—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices
- H10D62/104—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices having particular shapes of the bodies at or near reverse-biased junctions, e.g. having bevels or moats
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/103—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices
- H10D62/105—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices by having particular doping profiles, shapes or arrangements of PN junctions; by having supplementary regions, e.g. junction termination extension [JTE]
- H10D62/109—Reduced surface field [RESURF] PN junction structures
- H10D62/111—Multiple RESURF structures, e.g. double RESURF or 3D-RESURF structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/112—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for preventing surface leakage due to surface inversion layers, e.g. by using channel stoppers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H10P54/00—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/441—Vertical IGBTs
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- H10P50/242—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and can be suitably used for, for example, a semiconductor device having a super junction structure.
- SiC silicon carbide
- SiC silicon carbide
- SiC is a semiconductor material that can reduce the conduction loss because the dielectric breakdown electric field strength is about 10 times larger than Si, so that the drift layer that maintains the withstand voltage can be made thin and high in concentration.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor device using a substrate made of a silicon carbide (SiC) single crystal.
- the semiconductor device has a super junction structure constituted by a p-type column region made of a semiconductor layer embedded in a trench and an n-type column region made of a substrate portion between adjacent trenches. ing.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an active region, a termination region surrounding the active region, and a plurality of first and second conductivity types that are alternately arranged in the active region and the termination region, respectively.
- a power device including a pillar is disclosed. Further, it is disclosed that a mesa gap is disposed in the peripheral region of the termination trench (FIGS. 31 and 32).
- Patent Document 3 discloses that when a semiconductor device is chipped, even when a striped pattern in which a cut surface of a super junction structure (super junction structure or SJ structure for short) is exposed is provided on the cut surface.
- a semiconductor wafer and a semiconductor device that suppress the occurrence of leakage current due to the exposed SJ structure are disclosed. More specifically, in the case of an SJ structure with a stripe pattern, a V-shaped groove 17 is formed by wet etching in a cutting region 18 for cutting a semiconductor chip from a wafer, and a high concentration is formed on the side wall surface where the cut surface is exposed. An n-type surface layer 19 is formed (FIGS. 4, 8, and 9). It is described that the etching groove formed in the cutting region 18 may be a U-shaped groove having a side wall perpendicular to the substrate surface by anisotropic dry etching by RIE.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a semiconductor chip having a super junction structure with no voids and high productivity, and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, a process (FIG. 4) is described in which a super junction structure extending in one direction is formed on the entire surface of the wafer by trench embedding and is cut into a plurality of chips along the dicing line DL. At this time, the upper portions of the n-type silicon layer 12 and the p-type silicon pillar 14 are partially covered on the dicing surface DS where the cross sections of the n-type silicon layer 12 and the p-type silicon pillar 14 are exposed at the terminal portion of the semiconductor chip 1. In addition, an n + -type diffusion region 20 having an impurity concentration higher than that of the n-type silicon layer 12 is formed (FIGS. 1 and 3).
- Patent Document 5 discloses a semiconductor device that can suppress a decrease in breakdown voltage and an increase in leakage current caused by crystal defects in an impurity layer at the tip of a buried trench in a super junction structure. More specifically, when the stripe-shaped trench J4 formed in the n-type drift layer J1 is filled with the p-type region 3, a crystal defect is present at the tip of the trench J4 (region surrounded by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 7). In order to generate (FIG. 3), the process (FIG. 4) of forming the defect removal trench 13 in the front-end
- Japanese Patent No. 6164672 Japanese translation of PCT publication 2010-541212 (WO2009 / 039441) JP 2010-28018 A JP 2010-45203 A JP 2012-19088 A
- the present inventor is engaged in research and development of a vertical power MOSFET that employs a super junction structure and uses an SiC substrate, and is eagerly examining the improvement of its performance.
- a semiconductor device shown in an embodiment disclosed in the present application includes a first conductivity type SiC semiconductor substrate and a first conductivity type provided on the SiC semiconductor substrate and having an impurity concentration lower than that of the SiC semiconductor substrate.
- a first semiconductor layer including a first semiconductor pillar and a second semiconductor pillar of a second conductivity type, and a layer excluding the first semiconductor layer in the SiC epitaxial layer, the semiconductor substrate and the first semiconductor layer A second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type located between, a device active region provided on the main surface of the first semiconductor layer, and provided on the main surface of the first semiconductor layer, A termination region surrounding the periphery of the device active region, and provided on the main surface of the first semiconductor layer, surrounding the periphery of the termination region, having a higher impurity concentration than the SiC epitaxial layer, and having a first conductivity type
- a channel stopper region, a plurality of first chip ends provided in parallel to a second direction intersecting with the one direction, and a plurality of second chips parallel to the first direction are provided so as to demarcate a quadrilateral semiconductor chip.
- the characteristics of the semiconductor device can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.
- 1 is a top view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.
- 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.
- 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.
- 3 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 It is a top view which shows a semiconductor wafer. It is a top view which shows the void of a p-type column area
- FIG. 10 is a diagram (flow diagram) illustrating a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment; FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the semiconductor device of First Embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to application example 1 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a measurement result of leakage current of the semiconductor device according to application example 1 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 2 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 3 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 4 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 5 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 6 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device of application example 8 of the second embodiment.
- hatching may be omitted even in a cross-sectional view for easy understanding of the drawings. Further, even a plan view may be hatched to make the drawing easy to see.
- each part does not correspond to the actual device, and a specific part may be displayed relatively large in order to make the drawing easy to understand.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a top view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment, and
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment. 3 corresponds to, for example, the AA cross section of FIG. 2, and
- FIG. 4 corresponds to, for example, the ⁇ - ⁇ cross section of FIG.
- the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment is a vertical power device using a SiC substrate, and includes, for example, a vertical MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) as described later (see FIG. 28).
- a vertical MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- FIG. 1 FIG. 3, FIG. 4, etc., detailed components of the vertical power device (including the source electrode and the drain electrode) are omitted.
- the shape of the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip) of the present embodiment in a plan view from the upper surface is a rectangular shape.
- the semiconductor device of the present embodiment has an active region AC, a termination region TR, and a peripheral region PER.
- the active region (device active region) AC is disposed at the center of the substantially rectangular semiconductor device
- the termination region TR is disposed so as to surround the outside of the active region AC
- the peripheral region PER is disposed so as to surround the termination region TR. Is arranged.
- a channel stopper region CS is provided at the end of the peripheral region PER.
- the channel stopper region CS is provided in a rectangular ring shape inside the peripheral region PER and along the end thereof.
- the rectangular annular channel stopper region CS has an inner wall and an outer wall. The outer wall is located at the end of the semiconductor chip.
- the formation region of the channel stopper region CS is indicated by “CSR”.
- a linear p-type column region (p-type pillar, semiconductor pillar) is used in the active region AC, the termination region TR, and the peripheral region PER (except for the channel stopper formation region CSR).
- a structure is formed in which PCs and linear n-type column regions (n-type pillars, semiconductor pillars) NC are alternately arranged periodically. That is, the linear p-type column region PC and the linear n-type column region NC extend to the inner wall (inner end) of the channel stopper region CS.
- a structure in which the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC are alternately and periodically arranged is referred to as a super junction structure.
- the super junction structure is sometimes called an SJ structure or a superjunction structure.
- a power device vertical MOSFET
- a depletion layer extends in the horizontal direction from the pn junction extending in the vertical direction, so that a breakdown voltage can be ensured.
- the SJ structure shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is formed as a part of the epitaxial layer NE.
- the epitaxial layer NE is a first semiconductor layer L1 in which the SJ structure is formed and the remainder excluding the first semiconductor layer L1. It can be defined as comprising the second semiconductor layer L2.
- a structure in which n-type and p-type pillars are formed at a depth in the middle of the epitaxial layer NE in this way can also be called a semi-super junction structure.
- the drift layer is unlikely to be completely depleted during the reverse recovery of the body diode, and the reverse recovery current tends to be a soft recovery waveform with a tail. For this reason, the voltage jump due to the parasitic inductance of the circuit is suppressed, and the element destruction and ringing due to the overvoltage are suppressed.
- a channel stopper formation region CSR is provided at the end of the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip), and the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC extending to the inner wall of the channel stopper region CS. Is covered with a channel stopper region CS. In other words, the exposed cross sections of the side surfaces of the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC are covered with the channel stopper region CS.
- the channel stopper region CS is an n-type region, and its impurity concentration (doping concentration) is at least 10 times higher than the impurity concentration of the n-type column region NC.
- the semiconductor chip (semiconductor device) CH11 of the present embodiment is an individual piece cut out from a semiconductor wafer W to be described later with reference to FIGS. 5 and 8, and four chips provided to demarcate a quadrilateral chip. Has a tip end.
- two first chip end portions CEP1 parallel to the Y direction (also referred to as the second direction) are formed by two scribe lines SL1 and SL2 in the Y direction.
- the first chip end portion CEP1 includes a side surface (or first side surface) S including exposed cross sections of the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC, and an exposed cross section of the substrate 1S and the epitaxial layer NE.
- the second side SS2 is roughly divided. In the present embodiment, as will be described later, it is preferable to selectively cover only the side surface S with the channel stopper region CS for convenience in device fabrication. However, in principle, the entire first chip end CEP1 is covered with the channel stopper region CS. It may be covered with.
- the first chip end portion CEP1 in FIG. 3 also has a bottom surface B structure that forms a stepped portion. The structure of the bottom surface B is optional and can be omitted as shown in a later application example.
- two second chip end portions CEP2 parallel to the X direction are formed by two scribe lines SLa and SLb in the X direction.
- the second chip end portion CEP2 there is an exposed cross section of the substrate 1S, the epitaxial layer NE, and the n-type region of the n-type column region NC.
- the second chip end CEP2 can be covered with the channel stopper region CS, but is not essential for reducing the leakage current.
- the second tip end portion CEP2 does not have to be directly above the n-type column region NC, and may be cut at a region that cuts the p-type column region PC in parallel. That is, the leakage current caused by the second chip end CEP2 is not significant.
- the leakage current can be reduced by covering the exposed cross sections of the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC with the channel stopper region CS. More specifically, by covering the side surface of the super junction structure with the channel stopper region CS, it becomes possible to separate voids generated at the ends of the p-type column region PC, which will be described later, and to reduce leakage current. The characteristics of the device can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of the exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment
- FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically show the configuration of the exposure unit region of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment. It is a cross section shown in.
- FIG. 6 corresponds to the AA cross section of FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 corresponds to the ⁇ - ⁇ cross section of FIG.
- the plan view of FIG. 5 shows the formation region of four semiconductor chips (CH11, CH12, CH21, CH22).
- This region SH is, for example, a one-shot exposure region (exposure unit region) in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the semiconductor wafer W.
- FIG. The region (one-shot exposure region) SH corresponds to, for example, rectangular regions indicated by 1 to 24 in FIG.
- the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip) of the present embodiment described with reference to FIGS. Two pieces and two pieces (2 ⁇ 2) are arranged in the Y direction, and a total of four semiconductor devices (semiconductor chips) are formed.
- the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip) can be cut out by cutting the semiconductor wafer (W) on which such a plurality of semiconductor devices (semiconductor chips) are formed in the X direction and the Y direction.
- the cutting lines along the X direction or the Y direction are referred to as “scribe lines (SL1 to SL3, SLa to SLc)”.
- the p-type column region PC constituting the super junction structure described above is formed by embedding a p-type semiconductor region in the deep trench (groove) DT provided in the SiC substrate using an epitaxial growth method (so-called Trench fill method).
- Trench fill method an epitaxial growth method
- FIG. 11 is a photograph showing voids generated at the end of the deep trench.
- the formation region of the void VD is indicated by “VDR”.
- voids shown in black can be confirmed near the end of the p-type column region shown in gray. It is considered that the void VD as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 is caused by different epitaxial growth properties depending on the location of the deep trench DT. That is, in the central portion of the deep trench DT extending in the X direction in plan view, a p-type semiconductor region is epitaxially grown from the opposite side surface and bottom surface. On the other hand, in the end portion of the deep trench DT extending in the X direction in plan view, the p-type semiconductor region is epitaxially grown from the side surface extending in the Y direction in addition to the opposite side surface and bottom surface.
- the epitaxial growth rate is non-uniform and void VD is generated.
- the above-described void VD is likely to occur.
- a semiconductor device semiconductor chip
- scribe lines SL1, SL3
- the void VD is taken into the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip). In this case, a leak current along the void VD is generated, and the performance of the semiconductor device is deteriorated.
- scribe lines are provided inside the void VD, and the semiconductor device (semiconductor chip) is cut out along the scribe lines (SL1, SL3).
- the semiconductor device semiconductor chip
- 12 and 13 are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the voids in the p-type column region and the scribe lines (SL1, SL3).
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device (semiconductor chip) cut out along a scribe line inside the void.
- a semiconductor device semiconductor chip
- the end portions of p-type column region PC and n-type column region NC (exposed surfaces of p-type column region PC and n-type column region NC in FIG. 14) are used.
- the channel stopper region CS By covering with the channel stopper region CS, the above inconvenience can be avoided.
- the channel stopper region CS is formed by ion implantation, whereby the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC are made to be the channel stopper region CS. Can be covered.
- the semiconductor device of the present embodiment it is possible to avoid the influence of the void VD and to avoid the inconvenience due to the exposure of the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram (flow diagram) showing the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- 16 to 29 are cross-sectional views or plan views showing the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- the epi-wafer is an SiC substrate 1S in which an epitaxial layer NE made of an n-type semiconductor layer is formed on a main surface (surface, upper surface) shown in FIG.
- the SiC substrate 1S is made of SiC into which an n-type impurity such as phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) is introduced.
- a substrate having an off angle may be used.
- the off-angle for example, a SiC substrate having a main surface whose (0001) plane is inclined by 4 ° in the ⁇ 11-20> direction can be used.
- a 4H polytype substrate (4H—SiC) or a 6H polytype substrate (6H—SiC) can be used as a hexagonal substrate.
- the epitaxial layer NE is made of a SiC layer, and is formed, for example, by epitaxially growing the SiC layer while introducing an n-type impurity such as phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N).
- the thickness (tNE) is, for example, about 33 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration is about 3.0 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness (tNE) of the epitaxial layer NE is designed based on the required device breakdown voltage and the depth of the deep trench forming the super junction, but is typically about 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the impurity concentration of the epitaxial layer NE depends on the column width, and is typically preferably about 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a deep trench is formed.
- a hard mask (not shown) having an opening in the formation region of the p-type column region PC of the epitaxial layer NE is formed using photolithography and etching techniques.
- the epitaxial layer NE is etched using the hard mask as a mask. Thereby, the epitaxial layer NE in the formation region of the p-type column region PC is removed, and the deep trench DT is formed.
- the deep trench DT has a line shape extending in the X direction (FIG. 18).
- the length of the deep trench DT in the X direction is, for example, about 9 mm, and the width is about 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the repetition period (pitch) of the deep trench DT is about 4 to 6 ⁇ m. Specifically, the width can be 2.5 ⁇ m and the pitch can be 5 ⁇ m.
- the depth (tDT) of the deep trench DT is about 28 ⁇ m. The portion of the epitaxial layer NE between adjacent deep trenches DT becomes the n-type column region NC. Next, the hard mask (not shown) is removed.
- back-fill epi film formation film formation of a buried p-type epitaxial layer
- a buried p-type epitaxial layer PE is formed in the deep trench DT and on the epitaxial layer NE by an epitaxial growth method.
- an epitaxial layer made of SiC is grown while introducing a p-type impurity such as aluminum (Al) or boron (B).
- Al aluminum
- B boron
- step S4 of FIG. 15 flattening is performed.
- the buried p-type epitaxial layer PE above the deep trench DT is removed using a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method, an etch back method, or the like.
- a p-type column region PC made of a buried p-type epitaxial layer (PE) is formed.
- an epitaxial layer (super junction structure) composed of a plurality of p-type column regions PC and a plurality of n-type column regions NC is formed. Since the n-type column region NC is a remaining portion of the epitaxial layer NE, it has the same impurity concentration as the epitaxial layer NE.
- the impurity concentration of the p-type column region PC is 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 depending on the SJ structure design.
- the impurity concentration of the p-type column region PC includes the area and impurity concentration of the n-type column region NC, the area and impurity concentration of the portion where the deep trench DT is not formed in the epitaxial layer NE (second semiconductor layer L2), and the p-type column region. From these areas, they are determined to charge balance.
- a linear p-type column region PC extending in the X direction and a linear n-type column region NC extending in the X direction. are formed in a super junction structure in which the and are alternately arranged in the Y direction periodically (FIG. 21).
- a scribe trench is formed.
- scribe trenches TS are formed in scribe lines SL1 to SL3 extending in the Y direction.
- a hard mask (not shown) on the super junction structure (p-type column region PC and n-type column region NC) and having openings on the scribe lines SL1 to SL3.
- the super junction structure is etched using the hard mask as a mask. As a result, the super junction structure in the scribe lines SL1 to SL3 is removed, and the scribe trench TS is formed.
- the scribe trench TS has a line shape extending in the Y direction (FIG. 23).
- SiC crystal silicon carbide crystal
- the scribing trench TS has a side surface S and a bottom surface B, and the side surface S is tapered.
- an RIE technique using sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) gas Is used. Since the SiC crystal is difficult to process, it is necessary to control the receding etching of the mask while improving the selection ratio of the hard mask in order to form a deep trench with a taper.
- the RIE apparatus includes an upper electrode and a lower electrode facing the upper electrode, and performs processing by installing a SiC wafer as a workpiece on an electrostatic chuck that incorporates the lower electrode. At this time, in order to improve the selection ratio, it is effective to control the temperature of the electrostatic chuck (lower electrode) on which the wafer is placed from 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. Furthermore, the back angle of the hard mask can be controlled and the taper angle can be changed by taking into account the input power of the lower electrode (highly set: 300 W or more).
- the width (length in the X direction) of the bottom surface B before scribing in FIG. 22 is about 100 ⁇ m.
- the width of the side surface S (length in the X direction) is about 17 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the taper angle (tilt angle) of the side surface S is 45 °
- the width (length in the X direction) of the side surface S is about 30 ⁇ m
- the vertical depth to the bottom surface B is about 30 ⁇ m.
- the taper angle (inclination angle) of the side surface S is 60 °
- the width (length in the X direction) of the side surface S is about 17 ⁇ m
- the vertical depth to the bottom surface B is about 30 ⁇ m.
- a channel stopper region is formed by selective ion implantation.
- channel stopper regions CS are formed by ion implantation in scribe lines SL1 to SL3 extending in the Y direction and scribe lines SLa to SLc extending in the X direction.
- a hard mask (not shown) having openings is formed on the scribe lines SL1 to SL3 and the scribe lines SLa to SLc by using a photolithography technique and an etching technique.
- an n-type impurity such as phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) is implanted to form a channel stopper region CS.
- an n-type impurity may be implanted using a photoresist film as a mask.
- the channel stopper region CS is formed so as to cover the side surface (exposed surface) of the super junction structure (p-type column region PC and n-type column region NC). can do.
- the concentration of the n-type impurity in the channel stopper region CS is higher than the concentration of the n-type impurity in the epitaxial layer NE, that is, the n-type column region NC.
- the n-type impurity concentration in the channel stopper region CS is, for example, about 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the implantation depth of the impurity is about 1 ⁇ m from the surface in the horizontal plane.
- the impurities are implanted under such conditions, when the taper angle of the side surface S is 45 °, the impurities are implanted from the surface of the side surface S to a depth of about 0.7 ⁇ m in the vertical direction. Further, when the taper angle of the side surface S is 60 °, impurities are implanted to a depth of about 0.5 ⁇ m in the vertical direction from the surface of the side surface S.
- the impurity implantation depth (d2) in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the side surface S can be expressed by the following (formula 1).
- d2 d1 ⁇ sin (90 ⁇ ) (Formula 1)
- d1 is the injection depth of the irregular object in the horizontal plane
- the charge amount Q1 on the side surface S can be expressed by the following (formula 2).
- n1 is the concentration of the n-type impurity implanted into the side surface S.
- the charge amount (Q2) can be expressed by the following (formula 3).
- Q2 ([dielectric constant of SiC] ⁇ Ec) / (elementary electric quantity e) (Expression 3)
- Ec dielectric breakdown electric field strength
- the charge amount (Q2) is 1.61 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 2 .
- ion implantation from an oblique direction is not required, and the ion implantation is performed once from the direction perpendicular to the outermost surface of the substrate to the outermost surface, the side surface S, and the bottom surface B of the substrate. Appropriate ion implantation can be performed.
- the hard mask (not shown) for ion implantation is removed.
- a transistor structure or the like is formed.
- a power device (element) is formed in the active region AC arranged at the center of the substantially rectangular region defined by the channel stopper region CS.
- a termination structure (semiconductor region) is formed in the termination region TR surrounding the active region AC.
- the configuration of the power device is not limited, but for example, a vertical MOSFET shown in FIG. 28 is formed. Further, the configuration of the termination structure formed in the termination region TR is not limited. For example, the p-type semiconductor region JTE shown in FIG. 29 is formed. An example of the formation process of the vertical MOSFET and the p-type semiconductor region JTE will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a channel region CH is formed by introducing a p-type impurity such as aluminum (Al) or boron (B) by selective ion implantation.
- the selective ion implantation method is a method of selectively introducing impurities using a mask film having an opening in an impurity implantation region as a mask.
- the p-type semiconductor region JTE is also formed in the termination region TR by introducing p-type impurities.
- the p-type semiconductor region JTE is provided so as to surround the active region AC.
- JTE is an abbreviation for “Junction Termination Extension” and is a kind of termination structure.
- a source region SR is formed by introducing an n-type impurity by a selective ion implantation method. Source region SR is formed in channel region CH.
- a gate insulating film GI is formed on the super junction structure (p-type column region PC and n-type column region NC), and a conductor film is formed on the gate insulating film GI.
- the gate insulating film GI is made of, for example, silicon oxide and is formed by, for example, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. Further, it may be formed by a thermal oxidation method.
- the gate insulating film GI is not limited to a silicon oxide film, and may be a high dielectric constant film such as a hafnium oxide film.
- the conductor film is made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon, and is formed by, for example, a CVD method.
- a gate electrode GE is formed by patterning the conductor film.
- an interlayer insulating film IL is formed over the gate electrode GE.
- the interlayer insulating film IL is made of, for example, silicon oxide, and is formed by, for example, a CVD method.
- a contact hole is formed by removing the interlayer insulating film IL at the bottom portion above the source region SR and the channel region CH by etching.
- a metal film is formed in the contact hole and on the interlayer insulating film IL and patterned to form the source electrode SE.
- a metal film such as an Al film is formed using a sputtering method or the like, processed into a desired shape using photolithography and etching techniques, and the source electrode SE is formed.
- a surface protective film (not shown) is formed so as to cover the source electrode SE, and the surface protective film is patterned to expose a part of the source electrode SE and the like, thereby forming an external connection region (pad region). Form.
- the back surface of the SiC substrate 1S is ground to thin the SiC substrate 1S, and then a metal film to be the drain electrode DE is formed on the back surface of the SiC substrate 1S by a sputtering method or the like.
- a metal film such as an Al film is formed using a sputtering method or the like. In this way, the vertical MOSFET and the p-type semiconductor region JTE can be formed.
- the scribe lines (SL1 to SL3, SLa to SLc) of the wafer-like semiconductor device (semiconductor wafer W) are cut by a dicer or the like, so that each semiconductor chip region is separated into a plurality of semiconductor chips. it can.
- the semiconductor device of this embodiment can be formed.
- the p-type semiconductor region JTE is used as the termination structure, but an FLR (Field-Limiting-Ring) structure having a plurality of p-type semiconductor regions that annularly surround the active region AC is used as the termination structure. May be.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 1 of the present embodiment.
- the epitaxial layer NE is formed as a single layer (single impurity layer).
- the epitaxial layer is the first epitaxial layer NE1 (SJ structure epilayer).
- a second epitaxial layer NE2 (buffer layer) having a different impurity concentration from this layer.
- the first epitaxial layer NE1 (SJ structure epilayer) has a thickness of about 24 ⁇ m and an impurity concentration of about 1.5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the second epitaxial layer NE2 (buffer layer) has, for example, a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m and an impurity concentration of about 2 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the impurity concentration of the second epitaxial layer NE2 is smaller than the impurity concentration of the first epitaxial layer NE1, and the impurity concentration of the second epitaxial layer NE2 is less than half of the impurity concentration of the first epitaxial layer NE1. More preferably. With such a configuration, the amount of excess carriers accumulated in the buffer layer during reverse recovery can be increased, and the tail current during reverse recovery can be increased, thereby making it possible to perform soft recovery.
- the thickness of the first epitaxial layer NE1 matches the thickness of the first semiconductor layer L1
- the thickness of the second epitaxial layer NE2 matches the thickness of the second semiconductor layer L2.
- the depth of the deep trench DT is allowed to vary by about ⁇ 2 ⁇ m with respect to the thickness of the first epitaxial layer NE1. For this reason, the thickness of the first epitaxial layer NE1 and the thickness of the first semiconductor layer L1 do not completely match, but the n-type column region NC of the first semiconductor layer L1 is substantially formed by the first epitaxial layer NE1.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics when a reverse bias is applied to the pn junction (diode TEG) in the semiconductor device of this application example.
- (A) shows the case of the semiconductor device of this application example, that is, a device having “trench edge processing”, and
- the thickness (tNE) of the epitaxial layer NE is 64 ⁇ m
- the depth (tDT) of the deep trench DT is 24 ⁇ m
- the vertical depth (tTS) of the scribe trench is 30 ⁇ m
- the side surface The taper angle of S was 60 °.
- the current is reduced to about 1/100 in the breakdown voltage range of 0 to about 1200 V compared to the case of the broken line of the graph (b) which is the comparative example. Yes.
- the leakage current due to the exposed super junction structure is generated, whereas in the case of the application example (a), the leakage current is suppressed. I understand. As described above, the leakage current can be reduced by performing the end treatment of the trench.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 2 of the present embodiment.
- the scribe trench TS is formed so that the side surface S is tapered.
- the side surface of the scribe trench TS may be substantially vertical.
- the cross-sectional shape of the scribe trench TS can be controlled by adjusting the etching conditions.
- the channel stopper region CS is formed by oblique ion implantation.
- the oblique ion implantation may be used even when the side surface of the scribe trench TS is tapered.
- FIG. 33 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 3 of the present embodiment.
- channel stopper regions CS are formed by ion implantation in scribe lines SL1 to SL3 extending in the Y direction and scribe lines SLa to SLc extending in the X direction.
- ion implantation of the scribe lines SL1 to SL3 extending in the Y direction and the scribe lines SLa to SLc extending in the X direction may be performed separately.
- the channel stopper region CSa is formed by ion implantation in the scribe lines SL1 to SL3 extending in the Y direction
- the channel stopper region CSb is formed by ion implantation in the scribe lines SLa to SLc extending in the X direction. It may be formed. At this time, the channel stopper region CSb may be formed so as to surround the termination region TR (FIG. 33).
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 4 of the present embodiment.
- the first embodiment FIG. 3
- the bottom surface B does not remain. It may be cut.
- the semiconductor device formed on the semiconductor wafer (see FIGS. 5 and 8) is formed by dividing the tape-mounted semiconductor wafer into individual pieces with a diamond blade that rotates at high speed. The At this time, the semiconductor wafer corresponding to the width of the diamond blade is scraped off on the scribe line.
- FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a semiconductor device according to Application Example 5 of the present embodiment.
- the channel stopper region CS is formed by ion implantation.
- the channel stopper region CS may be formed by embedding an n-type epitaxial layer in the scribe trench TS.
- a buried n-type epitaxial layer is formed in the scribe trench TS and on the epitaxial layer NE by an epitaxial growth method.
- an epitaxial layer made of SiC is grown while introducing n-type impurities.
- the buried n-type epitaxial layer is removed by using a CMP method, an etch back method, or the like until the epitaxial layer (super junction structure) NE is exposed.
- FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 6 of the present embodiment.
- the channel stopper region CS is formed after the scribe trench TS is formed.
- an epitaxial layer (super junction structure) including the inside of the scribe trench TS is formed.
- a channel stopper region CS may be formed by ion implantation after an n-type epitaxial layer is formed on the NE as the cap layer CAP.
- a cap layer (n-type epitaxial layer) CAP is also formed in the active region AC and the termination region TR.
- the semiconductor regions (SR, CH, JTE) constituting the vertical MOSFET and the p-type semiconductor region JTE may be formed in the cap layer (n-type epitaxial layer) CAP.
- FIG. 37 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of the semiconductor device of application example 8 of the present embodiment.
- the deep trench DT may be extended from end to end of the semiconductor wafer W.
- the number of deep trenches DT is reduced to make the drawing easier to understand.
- the uniformity of epitaxial growth is increased. That is, in any part of the deep trench DT, a p-type semiconductor region is epitaxially grown from the opposite side surface and bottom surface. Thereby, generation
- the semiconductor device semiconductor chip
- the side surface of the super junction structure described in the first embodiment is a channel.
- the numbers of the n-type column region NC and the p-type column region PC drawn in the drawings for explaining the first and second embodiments are simplified for the convenience of description of the drawings, and are actually reduced in scale. Does not match.
- one p-type column region PC is drawn in the width of the channel stopper formation region CSR, but this represents only a schematic image.
- the width of the channel stopper formation region CSR in an actual device is, for example, about 100 to 200 ⁇ m.
- a width of about 2 ⁇ m is adopted as the width of the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC
- the width of one cycle is 4 ⁇ m. Therefore, the p-type column region PC and the n-type column region NC having about 25 to 50 periods exist in the channel stopper formation region CSR of the actual device.
- the order of the processes (steps) shown in FIG. 15 may be changed, and the scribe trench formation and the ion implantation (S5, S6) may be performed during the transistor structure formation step (S7). That is, after the steps S1 to S4 are completed, the first transistor forming step is performed up to immediately before the activation annealing step after ion implantation in the transistor structure. Thereafter, scribe trench formation and ion implantation (S5, S6) are performed, and an activation annealing step of the impurity implanted into the transistor structure and the scribe trench is performed.
- the ion implantation step in the transistor structure forming step can be performed using a flat semiconductor wafer in which a scribe trench is not yet formed, and a process such as photolithography can be advantageously performed. it can.
- SiC epitaxial layers (NE, NE1, and NE2) serving as so-called drift layers are provided so as to be in direct contact with SiC semiconductor substrate 1S.
- An intermediate layer composed of a single layer or a plurality of layers of SiC may be provided between the SiC epitaxial layer and the SiC epitaxial layer.
- a buffer layer for the purpose of preventing stacking faults, a collector layer in an IGBT, a field stop layer, and the like are known. Therefore, the configuration having the SiC epitaxial layer on the SiC semiconductor substrate includes not only the configuration in which the SiC epitaxial layer is directly formed, but also the configuration having the intermediate layer as described above.
- Appendix 1 A super having a plurality of first semiconductor pillars of a first conductivity type and a plurality of second semiconductor pillars of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type, formed in a first epitaxial layer on a substrate layer.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a junction structure (A) preparing a semiconductor substrate having the substrate layer and the first epitaxial layer on the substrate layer; (B) forming the plurality of first semiconductor pillars by forming a plurality of first grooves having a depth smaller than the thickness of the epitaxial layer in the first epitaxial layer; (C) forming the second semiconductor pillar by forming the embedded semiconductor film of the second conductivity type in the first groove; (D) forming a second groove that is smaller than the thickness of the epitaxial layer and deeper than the depth of the first groove in a scribe region that crosses the first and second semiconductor pillars; (E) forming a channel stopper region of the first conductivity type in the second groove portion; (F) forming a device on the super junction structure; (G) cutting the scribe region to separate the semiconductor substrate; A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
- the step (e) is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, which is a step of ion-implanting the first conductivity type impurity into the side and bottom surfaces of the second groove.
- the step (e) is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, which is a step of embedding the semiconductor region of the first conductivity type in the second groove.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a step of forming a second epitaxial layer on the first epitaxial layer including the inside of the second groove between the step (d) and the step (e).
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Abstract
Description
[構造説明]
図1は、本実施の形態の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。図2は、本実施の形態の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す上面図であり、図3、図4は、本実施の形態の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。図3は、例えば、図2のA-A断面部に対応し、図4は、例えば、図2のβ-β断面部に対応する。
次いで、上記構成の半導体装置を見出すに至った検討事項について以下に説明する。
次いで、図15~図27を参照しながら、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法を説明するとともに、本実施の形態の半導体装置の構成をより明確にする。図15は、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造工程を示す図(フロー図)である。図16~図29は、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造工程を示す断面図または平面図である。
d2=d1・sin(90-θ)…(式1)
ここで、d1は水平面における不順物の注入深さであり、θは側面Sのテーパ角である。なお、θは水平面を基準(θ=0°)としており、スクライブ用トレンチTSの側面が垂直の場合にはθ=90°となる。
Q1=n1・d2=n1・d1・sin(90-θ)…(式2)
ここで、n1は側面Sに注入したn型不純物の濃度である。
Q2=([SiCの誘電率]・Ec)/(電気素量e)…(式3)
SiC基板の絶縁破壊電界強度(Ec)が3MV/cmの場合、電荷量(Q2)は、1.61×1013cm-2となる。なお[SiCの誘電率]=8.59×10-13Fcm-1、電気素量e=1.6×10-19Cとした。
n1・d1・sin(90-θ)>1.61×1013cm-2…(式4)
さらに、n1=1×1018cm-3、d1=1μmとして、この(式4)をθについて解くと、以下の(式5)を得ることができる。
θ<90-asin(0.161)≒80…(式5)
即ち、上記条件では、テーパ角が約80°以下であればスクライブ用トレンチTSの端部の電界上昇によるリーク電流の抑制が可能となる。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1の応用例について説明する。実施の形態1と同一の機能を有する部材には同一の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明を省略する。
図30は、本実施の形態の応用例1の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。本応用例においては、実施の形態1から以下の点を変更した。実施の形態1(例えば図4)においては、エピタキシャル層NEを一層(単一の不純物層)で形成したが、本応用例では、エピタキシャル層を、第1エピタキシャル層NE1(SJ構造用エピ層)と、この層と不純物濃度が異なる第2エピタキシャル層NE2(バッファ層)との2層構造とした。第1エピタキシャル層NE1(SJ構造用エピ層)について、例えば、その厚さは24μm程度、その不純物濃度は1.5×1016cm-3程度である。また、第2エピタキシャル層NE2(バッファ層)について、例えば、その厚さは40μm程度、その不純物濃度は2×1015cm-3程度である。このように、第2エピタキシャル層NE2の不純物濃度を、第1エピタキシャル層NE1の不純物濃度より小さくすることが好ましく、第2エピタキシャル層NE2の不純物濃度を、第1エピタキシャル層NE1の不純物濃度の半分以下とすることがより好ましい。かかる構成により、逆回復時にバッファ層内に蓄積される過剰キャリア量を増やし、逆回復時のテール電流をより大きくでき、これにより、よりソフトリカバリすることができる。
図32は、本実施の形態の応用例2の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。実施の形態1(図6)においては、側面Sがテーパとなるようにスクライブ用トレンチTSを形成したが、図32に示すように、スクライブ用トレンチTSの側面をほぼ垂直としてもよい。スクライブ用トレンチTSの断面形状は、エッチング条件を調整することにより制御することができる。
図33は、本実施の形態の応用例3の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す平面図である。実施の形態1(図2、図5)においては、Y方向に延在するスクライブラインSL1~SL3部およびX方向に延在するスクライブラインSLa~SLc部に、チャネルストッパ領域CSを、イオン注入により形成したが、Y方向に延在するスクライブラインSL1~SL3部と、X方向に延在するスクライブラインSLa~SLc部とのイオン注入を個別に行ってもよい。
図34は、本実施の形態の応用例4の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。実施の形態1(図3)においては、スクライブ用トレンチTSの側面Sのみならず、底面Bも残存するように、切断されているが、図34に示すように、底面Bが残存しないように、切断してもよい。
図35は、本実施の形態の応用例5の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。実施の形態1(図6)においては、チャネルストッパ領域CSを、イオン注入により形成したが、スクライブ用トレンチTSに、n型のエピタキシャル層を埋め込むことにより、チャネルストッパ領域CSを形成してもよい(図35)。例えば、エピタキシャル成長法により、スクライブ用トレンチTSの内部およびエピタキシャル層NE上に、埋め込みn型エピタキシャル層を形成する。例えば、n型不純物を導入しながらSiCよりなるエピタキシャル層を成長させる。次いで、CMP法やエッチバック法などを用いてエピタキシャル層(スーパージャンクション構造体)NEが露出するまで埋め込みn型エピタキシャル層を除去する。
図36は、本実施の形態の応用例6の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。実施の形態1(図6)においては、スクライブ用トレンチTSの形成後にチャネルストッパ領域CSを形成したが、スクライブ用トレンチTSの形成後、スクライブ用トレンチTS内を含むエピタキシャル層(スーパージャンクション構造体)NE上に、キャップ層CAPとして、n型エピタキシャル層を形成した後、イオン注入によりチャネルストッパ領域CSを形成してもよい。なお、この場合、活性領域ACおよび終端領域TRにも、キャップ層(n型エピタキシャル層)CAPが形成される。例えば、縦型のMOSFETおよびp型半導体領域JTEを構成する半導体領域(SR、CH、JTE)は、キャップ層(n型エピタキシャル層)CAP中に形成してもよい。
実施の形態1(図5)においては、X方向に2個、Y方向に2個(2×2)の4個分の半導体装置(半導体チップ)の形成領域をワンショットの露光領域SHとしたが、例えば、9個(3×3)、16個(4×4)の半導体装置(半導体チップ)の形成領域をワンショットの露光領域としてもよい。ワンショットの露光領域を大きく(平面視(例えば図21)におけるp型カラム領域PCおよびn型カラム領域NCのX方向の長さを長く)することで、切り落とされる(切り飛ばされる)ボイド領域(無効領域、図11参照)の半導体ウエハ面積に対する割合が小さくなる。これにより、半導体装置(半導体チップ)の面積効率が向上する。
図37は、本実施の形態の応用例8の半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す平面図である。図37に示すように、ディープトレンチDTを半導体ウエハWの端から端まで延在させてもよい。なお、図37においては、図を分かり易くするため、ディープトレンチDTの数を少なく表示している。
(付記1)
基板層上の第1エピタキシャル層中に形成された、第1導電型の複数の第1半導体ピラーおよび前記第1導電型と逆導電型の第2導電型の複数の第2半導体ピラーを有するスーパージャンクション構造を持つ半導体装置の製造方法であって、
(a)前記基板層および前記基板層上の前記第1エピタキシャル層を有する半導体基板を準備する工程、
(b)前記第1エピタキシャル層中に、前記エピタキシャル層の厚さよりも小さな深さを持つ複数の第1溝を形成することで前記複数の第1半導体ピラーを形成する工程、
(c)前記第1溝中に、前記第2導電型の埋め込み半導体膜を形成することにより、前記第2半導体ピラーを形成する工程、
(d)前記第1および第2半導体ピラーを横切るスクライブ領域に、前記エピタキシャル層の厚さよりも小さく前記第1溝の深さよりも深い第2溝を形成する工程、
(e)第2溝部に前記第1導電型のチャネルストッパ領域を形成する工程、
(f)前記スーパージャンクション構造の上に素子を形成する工程、
(g)前記スクライブ領域を切断することにより、前記半導体基板を個片化する工程、
を有する、半導体装置の製造方法。
付記1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記(g)工程において、前記スクライブ領域の外側の前記第1溝中のボイドが切り落とされる、半導体装置の製造方法。
付記1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記(e)工程は、前記第2溝の側面および底面に前記第1導電型の不純物をイオン注入する工程である、半導体装置の製造方法。
付記1~3のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記(d)工程において、RIEによりテーパ状の側面と、平坦な底面を持つ前記第2溝を形成する半導体装置の製造方法。
付記1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記(e)工程は、前記第2溝の内部に、前記第1導電型の半導体領域を埋め込む工程である、半導体装置の製造方法。
付記1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記(d)工程と、前記(e)工程との間に、前記第2溝内を含む前記第1エピタキシャル層上に、第2エピタキシャル層を形成する工程を有する、半導体装置の製造方法。
AC 活性領域
B 底面
CAP キャップ層
CEP1 第1チップ端部
CEP2 第2チップ端部
CH チャネル領域
CH11 半導体チップ
CH12 半導体チップ
CH21 半導体チップ
CH22 半導体チップ
CS チャネルストッパ領域
CSa チャネルストッパ領域
CSb チャネルストッパ領域
CSR チャネルストッパ形成領域
DE ドレイン電極
DT ディープトレンチ
GE ゲート電極
GI ゲート絶縁膜
IL 層間絶縁膜
JTE p型半導体領域
NC n型カラム領域
NE エピタキシャル層
PC p型カラム領域
PE 埋め込みp型エピタキシャル層
PER 周辺領域
S 側面(第1側面)
SS2 第2側面
S1~S7 ステップ
SE ソース電極
SH 領域(ワンショットの露光領域)
SL1~SL3 スクライブライン
SLa~SLc スクライブライン
SR ソース領域
TR 終端領域
TS スクライブ用トレンチ
VD ボイド
W 半導体ウエハ
L1 第1半導体層
L2 第2半導体層
NE1 第1エピタキシャル層(SJ構造用エピ層)
NE2 第2エピタキシャル層(バッファ層)
Claims (7)
- 第1導電型のSiC半導体基板と、
前記SiC半導体基板の上に設けられ、前記SiC半導体基板よりも不純物濃度が低い第1導電型のSiCエピタキシャル層と、
前記SiCエピタキシャル層内の一部として設けられ、前記SiC半導体基板の主面においてそれぞれ第1方向に沿って延在し、交互に周期的に配置された第1導電型の第1半導体ピラーおよび第2導電型の第2半導体ピラーを含む第1半導体層と、
前記SiCエピタキシャル層内で前記第1半導体層を除外した層であって、前記SiC半導体基板と前記第1半導体層の間に位置する第1導電型の第2半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の主面上に設けられたデバイス活性領域と、
前記第1半導体層の主面上に設けられ、前記デバイス活性領域の周囲を取り囲む終端領域と、
前記第1半導体層の主面上に設けられ、前記終端領域の周囲を取り囲み、前記SiCエピタキシャル層よりも高い不純物濃度を持ち、第1導電型のチャネルストッパ領域と、
四辺形の半導体チップを画定するように設けられ、前記1方向と交差する第2方向に平行する複数の第1チップ端部、および前記第1方向に平行する複数の第2チップ端部と、
を有し、
前記第1チップ端部は、前記第1半導体層から前記第2半導体層の途中までの断面の高さを持つ第1側面と、前記第2半導体層の途中から前記半導体基板の裏面に達する高さを持つ第2側面と、を有し、
前記第1チップ端部において、前記第1側面の表面は、前記第1半導体ピラーおよび前記SiCエピタキシャル層よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の不純物領域で覆われ、前記チャネルストッパ領域と接続されている、半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記複数の第1チップ端部は、前記第1側面の下部と前記第2側面の上部を接続し前記第2半導体層内で水平面を持つ底面を、を有し
少なくとも前記第1側面および底面は、前記不純物領域で覆われている、半導体装置。 - 請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1側面は、テーパ状である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置において、
前記SiCエピタキシャル層は、上部層をなす第1エピタキシャル層と、下部層をなし、前記第1エピタキシャル層よりも不純物濃度が半分以下とされた第2エピタキシャル層とを備え、
前記第1半導体ピラーは、前記第1エピタキシャル層で実質的に形成される、半導体装置。 - 請求項3に記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1側面の角度は水平面を基準として80度以下である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置において、
前記チャネルストッパ領域は、前記第1半導体ピラーおよび前記第2半導体ピラーと前記第1チップ端部において接している、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置において、
前記デバイス活性領域にMOSFETが形成されている、半導体装置。
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