WO2019151174A1 - 繊維強化成形品およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維強化成形品およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019151174A1 WO2019151174A1 PCT/JP2019/002676 JP2019002676W WO2019151174A1 WO 2019151174 A1 WO2019151174 A1 WO 2019151174A1 JP 2019002676 W JP2019002676 W JP 2019002676W WO 2019151174 A1 WO2019151174 A1 WO 2019151174A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5046—Amines heterocyclic
- C08G59/5053—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom
- C08G59/5073—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/047—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with mixed fibrous material
- C08J5/048—Macromolecular compound to be reinforced also in fibrous form
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/04—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2309/08—Glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
- B29K2507/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/182—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments
- H01B7/1825—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments forming part of a high tensile strength core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber reinforced molded product containing a resin composition and a method for producing the same.
- Fiber reinforced resin made of carbon fiber, glass fiber, and other reinforced fibers and epoxy resins, phenol resins, and other thermosetting resins are lightweight but have excellent mechanical properties such as strength and rigidity, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it has been applied to many fields such as aviation / space, automobiles, railway vehicles, ships, civil engineering and construction equipment.
- fiber reinforced resins using continuous reinforcing fibers are used.
- Carbon fibers having excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus have been used as reinforcing fibers
- thermosetting resins have been used as matrix resins.
- As a thermosetting resin many epoxy resins excellent in adhesiveness with carbon fiber are used.
- a prepreg method As a method for producing a fiber reinforced resin, a prepreg method, a hand layup method, a filament winding method, a pultrusion method, an RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method, and the like are appropriately selected and applied.
- a prepreg method As a method for producing a fiber reinforced resin, a prepreg method, a hand layup method, a filament winding method, a pultrusion method, an RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method, and the like are appropriately selected and applied.
- a reinforcing fiber bundle in which thousands to tens of thousands of filaments are arranged in one direction is passed through a resin bath containing a liquid matrix resin, and the reinforcing fiber bundle is impregnated with the matrix resin. Thereafter, the reinforcing fiber bundle impregnated with the matrix resin is cured while continuously pulling out the reinforcing fiber bundle impregnated with the matrix resin with a tension machine through a squeeze die and a heating die.
- the obtained molded product is a molded product having a smooth surface
- the molded product is molded until the resin impregnated in the reinforcing fiber bundle is sufficiently cured. It is necessary to make it closely adhere to or to hold down with an appropriate pressure.
- the matrix resin used for pultrusion needs to have a sufficiently low viscosity in order to quickly impregnate the reinforcing fibers in the resin impregnation tank, and the stability of the viscosity from the viewpoint of long-term continuous productivity.
- the heat resistance of the cured product is also an important factor.
- the matrix resin when the matrix resin is impregnated into the reinforcing fiber bundle (hereinafter referred to as “resin-impregnated fiber base material”) and thermally cured while being continuously drawn in the pultrusion mold, the matrix resin is in a liquid state. Since it hardens and transitions to a solid state, curing shrinkage of the matrix resin occurs. At that time, a part of the matrix resin may remain attached to the inner surface of the pultrusion mold. This is a resin residue called scale. When this scale occurs, the pulling stress may increase. Also, if the pultrusion is stopped halfway and the pultrusion is moved again, the scale will be discharged, but the properties of the resin impregnated fiber base material will change with other parts, and continuous molding will occur. It may be difficult to perform.
- wire cables are very long conductive wires, and wire cable cores have a small product cross-sectional area. It is an important factor to suppress the above and increase the drawing speed. In order to suppress the scale generation, improvement of curing conditions in the mold, improvement of thermosetting resin compositions, and the like have been performed.
- Patent Document 1 (Claims, Specification 0055) includes a phenol novolac type epoxy resin as an epoxy resin, an aminophenol type epoxy resin and / or a tetraglycidylamine type epoxy resin, and an acid anhydride.
- An epoxy resin composition containing methyl nadic acid anhydride is disclosed. Furthermore, this resin composition was put into a raw material tank at 25 ° C., carbon fiber was passed through the raw material tank containing this resin composition to impregnate the resin, and then inserted into a circular mold at 180 ° C.
- a method is described in which a molded product is prepared by heat curing for 0.8 min and after-curing at 210 ° C. for 3 min.
- an epoxy resin containing an aminophenol type epoxy resin as an epoxy resin, 50% by mass, and methyl nadic acid anhydride and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride in a mass ratio of 50/50 A composition is described.
- the matrix epoxy resin composition has a low viscosity and is sufficiently impregnated into the reinforcing fiber, and the obtained molded product has high heat resistance.
- Patent Document 2 (Claims, Specification 0018), [A] a bifunctional or higher functional epoxy resin containing an aromatic ring, [B] phthalic anhydride, and [C] tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydroanhydride.
- An epoxy resin composition containing at least one acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, methyl nadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride is described. And it is disclosed that a molded product that can achieve both high tensile strength and heat resistance at a high level can be obtained.
- Patent Document 3 describes an epoxy resin composition containing a bifunctional or higher functional epoxy resin containing an aromatic ring and an acid anhydride curing agent. Accordingly, it is disclosed that a molded product capable of achieving both high heat resistance and tensile strength at a high level can be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 (specification 0039, FIG. 1)
- a molding apparatus including three molds of a third mold from which a pultruded product is finally drawn out, each of which can control the curing temperature independently, and provides a difference in temperature range between the molds.
- Patent Document 5 (specification 0027) describes a pultrusion process.
- the mold temperature is about 100-250 ° C, and it is preferable to lower the temperature at the mold entrance and gradually increase it to the curing temperature toward the back of the mold. It is described that after-curing at 130 to 150 ° C. without curing. It is described that the insufficient curing of the matrix resin in the final product can be resolved and the speed of pultrusion can be increased.
- Patent Document 6 the fabric sheet impregnated with the resin composition is heated to cause the epoxy resin and the curing agent to partially react to increase the viscosity of the resin composition.
- a continuous pultrusion process that gels using pressure is further disclosed, and further this partial reaction is performed at 1000-10000 mPa.s.
- a pultrusion method is disclosed in which a viscosity in the range of s is achieved, gelation is carried out to a degree of cure of 40% to 75%, and further cured to a degree of crosslinking of 90% or more by heat.
- the literature includes an epoxy resin composition comprising at least one epoxy resin that is a tri- or tetrafunctional epoxy resin, and (ii) a curing agent system that includes at least two reactive groups having different reactivities. Are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem with the heat resistance of the obtained molded product.
- the shrinkage caused by curing occurs in the course of passing through the mold, it is difficult to completely suppress the scale in this configuration.
- the epoxy resin composition of Patent Document 2 is manufactured by a liquid process such as a filament winding method, and has a main viewpoint of improving the impregnation property of the reinforcing fiber bundle. Even with this configuration, it was difficult to completely suppress the scale.
- Patent Document 3 has a problem of low viscosity for improving the impregnation property of reinforcing fiber bundles when methyl nadic anhydride is used alone as an acid anhydride curing agent. Further, the use of hydrophthalic anhydride alone has a problem in heat resistance. In addition, it is difficult for this configuration to completely suppress the scale.
- Patent Document 4 avoids the fiber reinforced resin composition from being easily pulled out in an uncured state, and suppresses the occurrence of cracks and warping defects in a molded product caused by a rapid curing reaction. was the purpose. Even with this configuration, it was difficult to completely suppress the generation of scale.
- Patent Document 5 The method of Patent Document 5 was premised on curing a thermosetting matrix resin while passing through a mold while continuously drawing. After-curing was used for the purpose of reinforcing the curing of a resin in an insufficiently cured state without completely curing. That is, in this method, curing shrinkage that occurs when transitioning to a solid state occurs in the course of passing through the mold, so it has been difficult to completely suppress the generation of scale.
- the epoxy resin composition used in the method of Patent Document 6 uses a curing agent containing at least two types of reactive groups having different reactivities, has a large variation in the degree of cure, and can control the reaction. It was complicated. Therefore, it has been difficult to stably perform pultrusion at a high speed. Moreover, it was difficult to suppress the generation of scale by suppressing the occurrence of curing shrinkage during the passage of the mold.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a resin component when a thermosetting resin composition is cured from a liquid state and transitions to a solid state in a fiber reinforced molded product manufacturing process in pultrusion molding. This is to suppress the generation of a resin residue called so-called scale in which the portion remains attached to the inner surface of the pultrusion mold. As a result, an increase in the drawing force during the manufacturing process can be avoided, and pultrusion can be continuously performed at a high speed.
- the fiber-reinforced molded product according to the present invention has the following configuration.
- a fiber reinforced molded product obtained by impregnating an epoxy resin composition into a bundle of reinforcing fiber bundles in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles are converged, and curing the epoxy resin composition,
- the epoxy resin composition includes at least the following components [A], [B], [C] and [D], [A] is 60 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total epoxy resin contained in the epoxy resin composition. Fiber reinforced molded product.
- the method for producing a fiber-reinforced molded product according to the present invention has the following configuration.
- a resin-impregnated fiber base material impregnated with an epoxy resin composition in a bundle of reinforcing fiber bundles in which the reinforcing fiber bundles are converged is cured by heating the epoxy resin composition while passing through a pultrusion molding region, thereby obtaining a predetermined shape.
- the epoxy resin composition contains at least the following components [A], [B], [C] and [D], A method for producing a fiber-reinforced molded article, wherein [A] is 60 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total epoxy resin contained in the epoxy resin composition.
- An epoxy resin composition suitable for obtaining the fiber-reinforced molded article of the present invention has the following composition.
- An epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin At least the following components [A], [B], [C] and [D] are included.
- [A] is 60 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total epoxy resin contained in the epoxy resin composition.
- Anhydride [C]: a filler that is at least one selected from silicon compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, aluminum compounds, and inorganic carbon, and has a Mohs hardness of 3 or less.
- the component [B] in 100 parts by mass of the component [B], 50 to 90 parts by mass of the component [B1] and 50 to 10 parts by mass of the component [B2] are contained.
- the content of the component [B] relative to parts by mass is 50 to 200 parts by mass.
- the component [C] is particulate talc, and the average particle size defined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer is 2 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the component [D] is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component [A].
- an imidazole derivative is further blended as component [E] in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of component [A].
- the present invention further discloses the following production method.
- a method for producing a fiber-reinforced molded article that is pultruded into a predetermined shape In the pultrusion region, at least a pultrusion mold having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, and an after cure furnace are arranged, In the pultrusion region, the resin-impregnated fiber base material is introduced from the inlet portion of the pultrusion mold, passed through the mold, led out from the outlet portion of the mold, and then in the after-curing furnace
- the process of passing through A method for producing a fiber-reinforced molded article that satisfies the following conditions (i) to (v) in the pultrusion region.
- thermosetting resin composition maintains a liquid state at the entrance of the pultrusion mold.
- thermosetting resin composition transitions from a liquid state to a gelled state.
- thermosetting resin composition maintains a gelled state having a curing degree of 33 to 80% at the mold outlet.
- the thermosetting resin composition In the after-curing furnace, the thermosetting resin composition is in a cured state with a curing degree of 95% or more.
- the “base passage length” is the distance that the resin-impregnated fiber base passes through the mold
- the “molding speed (m / min)” is the basis per minute in molding. It is the moving speed of the material.
- the region in which the thermosetting matrix resin composition starts to be in a gelled state in the pultrusion mold is in relation to the mold passage length. It is in the region of 10-50% length from the exit of the passage.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material is heated in a non-contact state with the heating element in the after-curing furnace.
- the epoxy resin composition having the characteristics of the present invention suppresses the generation of scale that occurs inside the mold during pultrusion molding. Further, since the viscosity change at the time of pultrusion is small, the low pultrusion force can be maintained for a long time, and the curability is excellent, continuous pultrusion at high speed can be realized. Moreover, this epoxy resin composition has a viscosity that can be sufficiently impregnated and is excellent in the heat resistance of the cured product. Further, in the invention according to the manufacturing method characterized by the relationship between the mold temperature and the residence time in the mold, the thermosetting resin composition is held in a gelled state in the pultrusion mold, and the degree of cure is within a certain range.
- thermosetting matrix resin hardens from the liquid state and transitions to the solid state, and it is possible to suppress the generation of so-called scale that remains attached to the inner surface of the pultrusion mold. It is possible to realize pultrusion molding at high speed continuously.
- epoxy resin refers to a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- epoxy resin composition in which materials necessary for polymerization or curing reaction are mixed, “epoxy resin cured product” that has been cured by polymerization or crosslinking, and “cured product of epoxy resin composition” Or “cured product”.
- An epoxy resin composition suitable for obtaining the fiber-reinforced molded article of the present invention has the following composition.
- An epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin At least the following components [A], [B], [C] and [D] are included.
- [A] is 60 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total epoxy resin contained in the epoxy resin composition.
- the product has a low viscosity, and the heat resistance of the fiber-reinforced molded product is increased.
- the aminophenol type epoxy resin is a resin having an oxygen atom directly bonded to the benzene ring, and further having an epoxy group via a carbon atom, and a nitrogen atom directly bonded to the benzene ring and further having an epoxy group via a carbon atom. .
- the former has one epoxy group and the latter has two epoxy groups.
- the viscosity of the aminophenol type epoxy resin at 25 ° C. is preferably 500 to 7,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity referred to here is determined by a measuring method using a cone-plate type rotational viscometer in ISO2884-1 (1999) at 25 ° C.
- the resulting epoxy resin composition may have low heat resistance.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C. is larger than 7,000 mPa ⁇ s, the viscosity of the resulting epoxy resin composition may be too high.
- aminophenol type epoxy resins having a viscosity of 500 to 7,000 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- jER registered trademark
- Aldite registered trademark
- MY0500 Heuntsman Advanced Material Co., Ltd.
- MY0510 An example of the structure of an aminophenol type epoxy resin is shown below.
- the acid anhydride includes an acid anhydride [B] composed of two types, an acid anhydride [B1] having a nadic acid anhydride structure and an acid anhydride [B2] having a hydride structure of hydrophthalic anhydride.
- the “nadic acid anhydride structure” in the component [B1] includes nadic acid anhydride, that is, Bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicboxylic anhydride itself.
- the structure includes a structure in which an atom contained in nadic acid anhydride is substituted with a functional group.
- An example is a compound in which hydrogen bonded to carbon is substituted with a functional group, and methyl nadic anhydride is an example of a preferable compound.
- nadic acid anhydride is substituted by the functional group in a part of ring structure, if it can act as a hardening
- Specific examples include nadic acid anhydride and methyl nadic acid anhydride.
- component [B1] is preferably methyl nadic acid anhydride.
- the component [B2] acid anhydride having a hydride structure of phthalic anhydride has a chemical structure of a hydride of phthalic anhydride.
- the phthalic anhydride hydride itself is included, but the phthalic anhydride hydride includes a structure in which atoms contained in the phthalic anhydride hydride are substituted with a functional group. Examples are compounds in which hydrogen bonded to carbon is substituted with a functional group, and preferred compounds include tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride and hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride.
- what has the structure by which the atom contained in the nadic acid anhydride was substituted by the functional group in a part of ring structure corresponds, if it can act as a hardening
- component [B2] examples include tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, trialkyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride and the like.
- component [B2] is preferably tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride or hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride.
- the content ratio of the component [B1] and the component [B2] is as follows.
- the acid anhydride [B] (that is, [B1] and [B2]) is 100 parts by mass
- the component [B1] is 50 to 90 parts by mass
- [B2] is preferably contained in an amount of 50 to 10 parts by mass.
- component [B1] is 55 to 85 parts by mass and component [B2] is 45 to 15 parts by mass. More preferably, the component [B1] is 60 to 80 parts by mass and the component [B2] is 40 to 20 parts by mass. More preferably, the component [B1] is 70 to 75 parts by mass and the component [B2] is 30 to 25 parts by mass.
- the cured product obtained from the epoxy resin composition can be made highly heat resistant.
- content of component [B1] is less than 50 mass parts, the heat resistance of a fiber reinforced molded product may become low.
- the initial viscosity of the epoxy resin composition can be kept low and the curing rate can be improved.
- content of component [B2] is less than 10 mass parts, it may become a resin composition inferior to initial low-viscosity.
- the viscosity of Component [B2] at 25 ° C. is preferably 20 mPa ⁇ s or more and 1,000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity mentioned here is determined by a measurement method using a cone-plate type rotational viscometer in ISO2884-1 (1999) at 25 ° C. *
- Examples of commercially available products of methyl nadic acid anhydride include “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD (viscosity: 250 mPa ⁇ s, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and “ARADUR” (registered trademark) HY906 (viscosity: 200 mPa ⁇ s). s, manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Material).
- Examples of commercial products of tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride include HN-2000 (viscosity: 40 mPa ⁇ s, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), HN-2200 (viscosity: 65 mPa ⁇ s, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), “ARADUR” (registered trademark) HY917 (viscosity: 75 mPa ⁇ s, manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Materials) and the like.
- Examples of commercially available hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride include HN-5500 (viscosity: 65 mPa ⁇ s, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the compounding amount of the acid anhydride is the acid anhydride equivalent of the acid anhydride to the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy group contained in all epoxy resins including the component [A] (the molecular weight of the acid anhydride is divided by the number of acid anhydride groups).
- Value is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents. More preferably, it is 0.7 to 1.2 equivalents. Although two preferred ranges are shown, a range combining a preferred upper value and a preferred lower value may be used. When the amount is less than 0.5 equivalent, the initial viscosity of the resin composition may be increased and curing may be insufficient. When the amount is more than 1.5 equivalent, the mechanical properties of the cured product may be deteriorated.
- the content of the component [B] with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component [A] is preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass.
- the component [B] is less than 50 parts by mass, the initial viscosity of the resin composition is increased. If the amount exceeds 200 parts by mass, the mechanical properties of the cured product may deteriorate.
- the component [C] is a filler having a Mohs hardness of 3 or more, and is at least one selected from silicon compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, aluminum compounds, and inorganic carbon As a component.
- the inorganic carbon it is possible to use a carbon such as graphite which exists in a simple substance form such as graphite, or a carbide called CaC 2 or SiC.
- a carbon such as graphite which exists in a simple substance form such as graphite, or a carbide called CaC 2 or SiC.
- silicon, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum the compound containing these atoms is included including what exists in these simple substance forms.
- the filler enters between the carbon fibers of the fiber base material, an effect of suppressing curing shrinkage is obtained when the resin composition is cured.
- the Mohs hardness since it is soft when the Mohs hardness is 3 or less, damage to the mold can be reduced.
- examples thereof include calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, talc, and carbon black.
- talc hydrous magnesium silicate (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 4 )
- particulate talc particularly particulate talc.
- particulate talc having an average particle size of 2 to 7 ⁇ m as measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter is a small particle size, so that the talc is more likely to enter between the carbon fibers, and the shrinkage reduction effect becomes higher.
- the average particle size is preferably 3 to 6 ⁇ m, more preferably 3.5 to 5.5 ⁇ m. The range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient.
- the amount of the filler [C] contained in the epoxy resin of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aminophenol type epoxy resin [A].
- the release agent [D] is preferably an ester of a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin or pentaerythritol and a fatty acid.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid is preferably 12 or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 30 or less.
- oleic acid ester or stearic acid ester is preferable.
- Pentaerythritol tetraoleate or glyceryl isostearate can be more preferably used.
- the liquid epoxy resin composition can be mixed uniformly.
- the release agent in the resin By mixing the release agent in the resin, the release property between the thermosetting resin composition and the pultrusion mold 6 can be improved, and the pultrusion property is improved.
- the compounding amount of the release agent is preferably 0.1 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aminophenol type epoxy resin [A]. More preferably, it is 0.2 to 6 parts by mass.
- the range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient. If it is less than 0.1 parts by mass, sufficient releasability may not be obtained. Moreover, when adding more than 8 mass parts, the intensity
- a liquid release agent having a viscosity of 50 mPa ⁇ s to 1,000 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C. is preferably used in order to suppress the influence on the viscosity of the resin composition.
- a curing catalyst [E] is included for curing the epoxy resin.
- the curing catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it promotes the chemical reaction between the epoxy resin and the acid anhydride curing agent, but an imidazole derivative is preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between viscosity stability and heat resistance.
- An imidazole derivative means a compound having an imidazole ring in the molecule. Specifically, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl- 4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, 1-aminoethyl-2-methylimidazole and the like.
- imidazole derivatives having a substituent at the 1-position of the five-membered ring are excellent in viscosity stability and are preferably used.
- an imidazole derivative having a melting point of 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably a melting point of 25 ° C. or lower and being liquid at 25 ° C. is used. It is done.
- These imidazole derivatives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- imidazole derivatives having a substituent at the 1-position include 1,2DMZ (1,2-dimethylimidazole, manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals Co., Ltd.), 1B2MZ (1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, Shikoku Chemicals ( 1B2PZ (1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), DY070 (1-methylimidazole, manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Materials), and the like.
- the imidazole derivative is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aminophenol type epoxy resin [A]. If it is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the curing rate of the thermosetting resin composition may be slow and the rapid curability may be poor. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 5 parts by mass, the viscosity stability of the resin composition is deteriorated and may not be suitable for continuous production.
- the reinforcing fiber constituting the reinforcing fiber bundle glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, silicon carbide fiber and carbon fiber are preferably used.
- carbon fiber is preferably used because it is lightweight and has high performance, and a molded product having excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- Carbon fibers are classified into polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers, rayon-based carbon fibers, pitch-based carbon fibers, and the like. Among these, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers having high tensile strength are preferably used.
- the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber can be produced, for example, through the following steps. A spinning solution containing polyacrylonitrile obtained from a monomer containing acrylonitrile as a main component is spun by a wet spinning method, a dry wet spinning method, a dry spinning method or a melt spinning method. The coagulated yarn obtained by spinning becomes a precursor through a spinning process, and then becomes a carbon fiber through processes such as a flameproofing process and a carbonizing process.
- twisted yarn As the form of carbon fiber, twisted yarn, untwisted yarn, untwisted yarn and the like can be used.
- a twisted yarn since the blending of the filaments constituting the reinforcing fiber bundle is not parallel, the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite material tend to be lowered. For this reason, an untwisted yarn or a non-twisted yarn excellent in the balance between moldability and strength characteristics of the fiber-reinforced composite material is preferably used.
- the carbon fiber bundle is preferably composed of 2,000 to 70,000 filaments, and the fineness per single yarn is preferably in the range of 50 to 5000 tex, more preferably 10,000 to 60
- the fineness per single yarn is 100 to 2000 tex.
- the range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient.
- the fineness (tex) refers to the mass (g / 1000 m) per 1000 m of single yarn.
- Impregnation of the epoxy resin composition into carbon fibers having a filament number of 2000 to 70000 and a single yarn fineness of 50 to 5000 tex was difficult in the prior art, but the epoxy resin composition of the present invention has a viscosity of Is low, the epoxy resin composition can be easily impregnated between the single fibers.
- Such carbon fibers preferably have a tensile modulus in the range of 180 to 400 GPa. If the tensile modulus is within this range, the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material can be given rigidity, and the resulting molded product can be reduced in weight. In general, the strength of the carbon fiber tends to decrease as the elastic modulus increases, but the strength of the carbon fiber itself can be maintained within this range.
- a more preferable elastic modulus is in the range of 200 to 370 GPa, and further preferably in the range of 220 to 350 GPa. The range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient.
- the tensile elastic modulus of the carbon fiber is a value measured according to JIS R7601-2006.
- Examples of commercially available carbon fibers include the following. “Torayca (registered trademark)” T300-12000 (tensile strength: 3.5 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 230 GPa), “Torayca (registered trademark)” T300B-12000 (tensile strength: 3.5 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 230 GPa), “Torayca (registered trademark)” T400HB-6000 (tensile strength: 4.4 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 250 GPa), “Torayca (registered trademark)” T700SC-12000 (tensile strength: 4.9 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 230 GPa), “Torayca®” T800HB-12000 (tensile strength: 5.5 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 294 GPa), “Torayca®” T800SC-24000 (tensile strength: 5.9 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 294 GPa), “To
- thermosetting resin composition typified by an epoxy resin composition
- FIG. 4 A resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 in which a bundled fiber base material is impregnated with a thermosetting resin composition typified by an epoxy resin composition is passed through the distance of the pultrusion region 17. During this passage, the thermosetting resin composition is heat-cured and pultruded into a predetermined shape.
- the pultrusion mold 6 and the after-curing furnace 24 are arranged in the pultrusion region 17.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 is introduced from the inlet portion 11 of the pultrusion die 6, passes through the pultrusion die 6, and is led out from the outlet portion 12 of the pultrusion die 6. Thereafter, the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 passes through the after-curing furnace 24.
- the thermosetting resin composition maintains a liquid state at the inlet 11 of the mold, the thermosetting resin composition transitions to a gelled state inside the pultrusion mold 6.
- the thermosetting resin composition is in a gelled state with a curing degree of 33 to 80% at the outlet 12 of the mold, and is in a cured state with a curing degree of 95% or more in the after-curing furnace 24. Is preferred.
- FIG. 1 shows a general pultrusion process.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 2 is drawn from the creel 3 while being pulled by the puller 10.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 2 is introduced into the resin bath 4 through a guide roll (not shown), and the thermosetting resin composition is adhered.
- the excess thermosetting resin composition is removed by rubbing with a squeeze 5.
- the position of the reinforcing fibers is determined one by one by the guide 30 so as to enter the pultrusion mold 6 having a desired cross-sectional shape with a good balance. Resin that cannot pass through the die together with the reinforcing fiber and eventually becomes surplus is backflowed from the mold and dropped from the entrance of the mold 6 to be removed.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 impregnated with the thermosetting resin composition is heated while passing through the pultrusion mold 6 and the thermosetting resin composition is cured. After being discharged from the outlet of the pultrusion mold, it is wound up by the winder 8. In the preferred production method of the present invention, the film passes through the after-curing furnace 24 before being wound up.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 is introduced from the inlet 11 of the pultrusion mold 6 and is conveyed at a constant pultrusion speed in the pultrusion mold 6 heated to a constant temperature.
- the thermosetting resin composition contained in the resin-impregnated fiber base 7 introduced from the mold inlet 11 maintains a liquid state for a while in the liquid region 14. Thereafter, by heating from the pultrusion mold 6, gelation starts in a part of the thermosetting resin composition, and the gelled state region 15 continues. Thereafter, the thermosetting resin composition of the resin-impregnated fiber base 7 is cured to become a solid state, and is discharged from the outlet 12 of the mold.
- FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 [a] the thermosetting resin composition 20 of the gelatinization state contained in the resin impregnation fiber base material 7 in the initial stage in the gelation area
- region 15 exists.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 3B shows the latter half of the gelation region 15 shown in FIG. 2, and the thermosetting resin composition is becoming a cured state 21 on the surface layer of the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7. Further, FIG.
- thermosetting resin composition is cured to the inside of the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7, and is in a state 22 in which curing shrinkage occurs.
- a part of the resin component remains attached to the inner surface of the pultrusion mold, so that a resin residue 13 called a so-called scale is generated, the pulling force increases during the manufacturing process, and the reinforcing fiber breaks.
- the pultrusion molding region 6 and the after cure furnace 24 are arranged in the pultrusion molding region 17.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 is introduced from the inlet portion 11 of the pultrusion mold 6, passed through the pultrusion die 6, and led out from the outlet portion 12 of the pultrusion mold 6 without depositing the scale, and then aftercure
- the inside of the furnace 24 is passed.
- Reference numeral 23 denotes a portion where there is no scale accumulation.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 is introduced from the mold inlet 11.
- the thermosetting resin composition maintains a liquid state in the liquid region 14 inside the pultrusion mold 6. Thereafter, in the pultrusion mold 6, the thermosetting resin composition transitions from the gelled state 15 to a cured solid state.
- the mold outlet 12 is configured to suppress the degree of cure at the mold outlet 12 so that the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition is 33 to 80%. Thereby, generation
- the degree of curing can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the mold, the length of the mold, and the molding speed, for example.
- thermosetting resin composition As a result, it is possible to avoid curing shrinkage of the thermosetting resin composition inside the pultrusion mold 6, and as a result, the generation of the resin residue 13 called scale on the inner surface of the pultrusion mold 6 is suppressed. can do. Further, the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 discharged from the mold outlet 12 is introduced into an after-curing furnace 24 and heated in the furnace 24 so that the thermosetting resin composition has a curing degree of 95% or more. To produce a pultruded product.
- thermosetting resin composition If the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition is less than 33% at the outlet 12 of the mold, curing failure may occur. Further, when the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition exceeds 80% at the mold exit portion 12, it may be difficult to suppress the generation of the resin residue 13 called scale inside the pultrusion mold 6. is there.
- the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition is preferably 33 to 80%, more preferably 50 to 79%, still more preferably 60 to 79%, and particularly preferably 76 to 77%. .
- the range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient.
- the fiber base material 2 can be satisfactorily and continuously impregnated with the thermosetting resin composition, and the liquid state of the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 can be satisfactorily maintained inside the pultrusion mold 6.
- it can.
- it is 2000 mPa * s or less, More preferably, it is 1000 mPa * s or less.
- the temperature of the pultrusion mold 6 is Tp (° C.), and the length (m) of the resin impregnated fiber base in the pultrusion mold 6 (hereinafter referred to as the mold passage length). ) Is divided by the molding speed (m / min), and the residence time in the mold is H (min), it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of the following formula. 230-100H ⁇ Tp ⁇ 252-80H 180 ⁇ Tp ⁇ 245 0.1 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.9.
- the mold temperature Tp is the temperature of the passage of the resin-impregnated fiber substrate in the pultrusion mold. This is preferably measured by inserting a thermocouple during pultrusion. However, since it is difficult to measure while molding with this method, another method is to insert a thermocouple from the outside into the hole for measurement opened on the side of the mold, and the temperature near the fiber substrate passage. Is preferably measured. At this time, it is preferable to provide a plurality of measurement points. In this case, the mold temperature Tp takes an average value of these measurement points. The difference between the temperature at each measurement point and Tp is preferably within ⁇ 25 ° C. The relationship of the above formula shows an appropriate range of conditions for the thermosetting resin composition to maintain a gelled state with a curing degree of 33 to 80% at the mold outlet 12.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the residence time in the mold and the mold temperature in the pultrusion molding according to the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents the mold temperature Tp (° C.), and the horizontal axis represents the residence time H (min) in the mold.
- the region 25 of the thermosetting resin composition is a region where poor curing is likely to occur
- the region 26 is an appropriate region
- the region 27 is a region where scale is likely to occur.
- the heating temperature Tp of the pultrusion mold 6 is 180 to 245 ° C. If the heating temperature Tp of the pultrusion mold 6 is less than 180 ° C., curing failure may occur. Decreasing the speed can avoid poor curing, but lowering the pultrusion speed increases the manufacturing cost.
- the staying time H in the mold is preferably 0.1 to 0.9 min. If the staying time H in the mold is less than 0.1 min, curing failure may occur. If the residence time H in the mold exceeds 0.9 min, scale may be easily generated.
- the molding speed is preferably 0.18 to 16 m / min. It is preferably 0.6 to 10 m / min, more preferably 1 to 8 m / min, still more preferably 1.2 to 6 m / min. The range which combined any of said upper limit and lower limit may be sufficient.
- the glass transition point after heat curing of the thermosetting resin composition is Tg (° C.)
- the relationship between the heating temperature Tp (° C.) of the pultrusion mold 6 and the following formula may be satisfied. preferable. Tg ⁇ 40 ° C. ⁇ Tp ⁇ Tg + 25 ° C.
- the heating temperature Tp By setting the heating temperature Tp to Tg ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher, the heat resistance of the drawn fiber reinforced molded product can be sufficiently secured. By setting the heating temperature Tp to be “Tg + 25 ° C.” or less, it is possible to prevent the molded product from being deformed by heat or the thermosetting resin composition from being decomposed.
- the glass transition temperature is a midpoint temperature (Tm) determined by the DSC method according to JIS K7121 (1987).
- An example of the measuring apparatus is a differential scanning calorimeter DSC Q2000 (manufactured by TA Instruments Inc.). In this case, the measurement is performed in the Modulated mode. The DSC measurement is performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min.
- thermosetting resin composition when the temperature in an after-curing furnace is set to Tc (degreeC), it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of the following formula with the glass transition point Tg (degreeC) after thermosetting of a thermosetting resin composition.
- the temperature Tc in the after-curing furnace By setting the temperature Tc in the after-curing furnace to Tg or higher, it is possible to sufficiently secure the heat resistance of the obtained fiber-reinforced molded product.
- the heating temperature Tc By setting the heating temperature Tc to Tg + 73 ° C. or less, it is possible to prevent the molded product from being deformed by heat or the thermosetting resin composition from being decomposed.
- the region where the thermosetting resin composition transitions to a gelled state is drawn with respect to the total length of the passage of the resin-impregnated fiber base in the pultrusion mold. It is preferable that the area is 10 to 50% in length from the outlet of the molding die. Thereby, the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition in the vicinity of the outlet portion 12 of the mold is adjusted to be low, the curing shrinkage region can be moved toward the outlet portion 12 of the mold, and the curing shrinkage region is Shorter.
- the range of the length of the above region is preferably 15 to 45%, more preferably 20 to 40%.
- the range may be a combination of a preferred upper value and a preferred lower value in the two preferred ranges.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 is preferably heated in a non-contact state with the heating element in the after-curing furnace 24.
- the purpose of after-curing is to completely cure the resin of the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 that has passed through the pultrusion mold 6 and, if it is in non-contact with the heating element, cure shrinkage in the after-curing furnace. Even if this occurs, no scale remains attached in the furnace.
- the present invention can be applied to molding fiber-reinforced molded products having various shapes as long as they have the same cross-sectional shape.
- cylindrical rod-shaped molded products, polygonal-shaped rod-shaped molded products, sheet-shaped thin molded products, rectangular-shaped thick molded products, and the like may be mentioned, and they may be hollow.
- the thickness of the molded product thickness from the outermost surface to the hollow portion in the case of a hollow product
- rapid curing shrinkage due to heat accumulation inside the molded product It is often suppressed and the dimensions are stable, which is favorable from the viewpoint of dimensional stability.
- thermosetting resin composition which is the epoxy resin composition of each Example
- the unit of the compounding amount in Table 1A and Table 1B means “part by mass” unless otherwise specified. “-” Means that the ratio is zero.
- Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 In these examples and comparative examples, the following raw materials were used. The blending amounts are listed in Table 1A and Table 1B.
- Epoxy resin "JER” (registered trademark) 630 (p-aminophenol type epoxy resin, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
- JER registered trademark 828 (bisphenol A type epoxy resin, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) (not included in the category of [A]).
- Acid anhydride Acid anhydride having nadic acid anhydride structure “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD (Methyl nadic acid anhydride, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- Component [B2] Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride or acid anhydride having a hexahydrophthalic anhydride structure.
- HN-2000 Metaltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- -HN-5500 methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Mold release agent “Chem Lease” (registered trademark) IC-35 (oleic acid ester, manufactured by Chemtrend) (included in the category of [D]).
- Curing catalyst DY070 (1-methylimidazole, manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Materials) "Cureazole” (registered trademark) 2E4MZ (2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
- thermosetting resin compositions were prepared using the raw materials shown below.
- Epoxy resin “jER” registered trademark) 630 (p-aminophenol type epoxy resin, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation): 95 parts by mass • “jER” (registered trademark) 828 (bisphenol A type epoxy resin, Mitsubishi Chemical ( Co., Ltd.): 5 parts by mass. (Not included in category [A].) 2.
- Acid anhydride having a phthalic anhydride or hexahydrophthalic anhydride structure, HN-5500 (methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.): 51 parts by mass
- Filler “Micron White” (registered trademark) # 5000S (talc, average particle diameter 4.75 ⁇ m, Mohs hardness 1, manufactured by Hayashi Kasei Co., Ltd.): 4 parts by mass. (Included in category [C].) 4).
- thermosetting resin composition In Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, the mixing ratios shown in Table 1A and Table 1B, and in Examples 7 to 17 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10, The raw materials of the mixing
- each resin composition was put into a resin bath 4 at 25 ° C., and the carbon fiber as the reinforcing fiber bundle 2 was passed through the resin bath 4 containing the resin composition to impregnate the resin. .
- the enlarged portion 9 in FIG. 1 was removed by rubbing with a squeeze bar 5 to remove excess thermosetting resin composition.
- a resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 in which the thermosetting resin composition is in a liquid state was introduced from the inlet portion 11 of the mold. At the time of introduction, the thermosetting resin composition was in a liquid state.
- the resin-impregnated fiber base material 7 discharged from the mold outlet 12 was introduced into an after-cure furnace 24 and heated and cured in the furnace 24 to obtain a pultruded product.
- the molding conditions shown in Table 1 are shown below.
- the molding conditions shown in Table 2 are shown in Table 2.
- -Heating temperature Tp (° C) of pultrusion mold 6 195 ° C -Length of pultrusion mold 6 (total length of passage of resin-impregnated fiber base material) (m): 800 mm Molding speed (m / min): 1.2 (m / min) -Dwell time in mold H (min): 0.67 (min) -Curing degree of the thermosetting resin composition at the mold outlet 12: 75% -Temperature in the after-cure furnace 24: 260 ° C -The degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition after the after-curing furnace 24: 95% As a result of molding, a pultruded product having a diameter of 2 mm and Vf of about 70% was obtained.
- Mold surface condition after molding The state of the mold surface after pultrusion was visually confirmed and judged according to the following criteria. No damage such as scratches or scale adhesion: Good Some scratches or scale adhesion: Slightly scratched: Bad.
- Mold outlet deformation When the molded product is led out from the mold outlet, it can be molded without deformation, but it can be deformed but kept within ⁇ 3% of the mold cavity diameter. Those that deformed significantly, such as spreading, were considered defective.
- the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin composition at the mold outlet During molding, an appropriate amount of the molded product coming out of the mold was sampled and cut into small pieces with scissors, and the residual heat generation was determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). From the ratio of this calorific value and the calorific value of the resin composition before curing, the degree of cure ⁇ was calculated by the following equation.
- Curing degree ⁇ 100 ⁇ (heat value of molded product) / (heat value of resin composition ⁇ molded resin mass fraction)
- the DSC measurement was performed by raising the temperature at 30 to 250 ° C. and 10 ° C./min using a Diamond DSC manufactured by Perkin Elmer. "Generation of scale” It was marked as good if it was able to be molded smoothly without the occurrence of scale, good if it was scaled but could be molded, and bad if it could not be molded due to significant scale.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1A, aminophenol type epoxy resin, “jER” (registered trademark) 630, 100 parts by mass, acid anhydride having nadic anhydride structure, “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD, 135 parts by mass , Acid anhydride having a structure of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, HN-2000, 45 parts by mass, 4 parts of talc as filler, 3 parts of internal release agent IC-35, 1 part of imidazole derivative, DY070
- the resin composition was mixed and prepared. As a result of the viscosity measurement at 25 ° C. in the above (2), this resin composition was found to have a low viscosity.
- Example 2 Except for using “jER” (registered trademark) 630, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, “jER” (registered trademark) 828, “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD, and HN-2000 in the proportions shown in Table 1A was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. Although this resin composition had a slightly higher viscosity measured in (2) above, it was at a level where pultrusion molding was possible. Moreover, it showed that Tg of the resin cured product was high and had heat resistance. When pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, molding was possible without generation of scale. After molding, scratches and scales were not observed on the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1A.
- Example 3 In the proportions shown in Table 1A, "jER” (registered trademark) 630, “jER” (registered trademark) 828, “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD, acid anhydride having the structure of hexahydrophthalic anhydride, The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that HN-5500, an imidazole derivative, “CUREZOL” (registered trademark) 2E4MZ, were used. As a result of the viscosity measurement at 25 ° C. in the above (2), this resin composition was found to have a low viscosity. Moreover, it showed that Tg of the resin cured product was sufficiently high and had heat resistance. When pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, molding was possible without generation of scale. After molding, scratches and scales were not observed on the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1A.
- Example 4 The same procedure as in Example 3 was performed except that the ratio of “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD and HN-5500 was changed as shown in Table 1A. As a result of the viscosity measurement at 25 ° C. in the above (2), this resin composition was found to have a low viscosity. Moreover, it showed that Tg of the resin cured product was high and had heat resistance. When pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, molding was possible without generation of scale. After molding, scratches and scales were not observed on the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1A.
- Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 3 was conducted, except that the ratio of “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD, HN-5500 was as shown in Table 1A.
- This resin composition had a low viscosity at 25 ° C. after mixing in the above (2), but the heat resistance of the cured resin was slightly inferior. When pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, it was able to be molded although some scale was generated. After molding, slight scale adhesion was observed on the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1A.
- Example 6 Using “jER” (registered trademark) 630, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, “jER” (registered trademark) 828, “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD, HN-2000 in the proportions shown in Table 1A Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed. Although this resin composition had a slightly higher viscosity measured in (2) above, it was at a level where pultrusion molding was possible. Further, the Tg of the cured resin was high and the heat resistance was slightly inferior. When pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, it was able to be molded although some scale was generated. After molding, slight scale adhesion was observed on the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1A.
- Example 2 The ratio of “Kayahard” (registered trademark) MCD was as shown in Table 1B, and the same procedure as in Example 3 was performed except that HN-2000 and HN-5500 were not included.
- This resin composition has a low viscosity at 25 ° C. measured in (2) above, and the Tg of the resin cured product is high and exhibits heat resistance, but its reactivity is poor, so that the resin composition is used for drawing.
- curing did not proceed in the mold, and the dimensions of the molded product were not stable. After molding, scratches and scales were not observed on the mold surface.
- Table 1B The results are shown in Table 1B.
- Example 3 The same operation as in Example 3 was carried out except that the filler was silica (FB-5D).
- This resin composition had a low viscosity at 25 ° C. measured in (2) above, and the Tg of the cured resin was sufficiently high to exhibit heat resistance.
- pultrusion molding was performed using this resin composition, molding was possible without generation of scale and the like. However, after molding, the surface of the mold was significantly scratched. The results are shown in Table 1B.
- Example 4 The same procedure as in Example 3 was performed except that the release agent was not included.
- This resin composition had a low viscosity at 25 ° C. measured in (2) above, and the Tg of the cured resin was sufficiently high to exhibit heat resistance.
- the generation of significant scales or the molded product itself adheres to the mold, making molding difficult. After molding, many scales adhered to the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1B.
- Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 3 was performed except that 32 parts by mass of metaxylylenediamine was used instead of the acid anhydride and the imidazole derivative.
- This resin composition had a high viscosity at 25 ° C. measured in (2) above.
- pultrusion molding is performed using this resin composition, the generation of significant scales or the molded product itself adheres to the mold, making molding difficult. After molding, many scales adhered to the mold surface. The results are shown in Table 1B.
- Example 7 Using the resin composition described above, pultrusion molding was performed at a mold temperature Tp of 200 ° C., a mold passage length of 0.6 m, and a molding speed of 0.95 m / min. The molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 79%. Moreover, generation
- Example 8 It implemented similarly to Example 7 except having set it as the shaping
- the molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 69%. Moreover, generation
- the results are shown in Table 2A.
- Example 9 It implemented similarly to Example 7 except having set it as the shaping
- the molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 35%. In addition, no scale was observed. The results are shown in Table 2A.
- Example 10 The same operation as in Example 7 was performed except that the mold temperature, the mold passage length, and the molding speed shown in Table 2A were used. The molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 80%. Although some scale was observed, the molding was successful. The results are shown in Table 2A.
- Example 11 It implemented similarly to Example 10 except having set it as the shaping
- the molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 52%. Moreover, generation
- the results are shown in Table 2A.
- Example 12 The same operation as in Example 10 was performed except that the mold passage length and the molding speed shown in Table 2A were used. The molded product out of the mold was slightly deformed but could be molded, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 34%. Moreover, generation
- Example 13 The same operation as in Example 7 was performed except that the mold temperature, the mold passage length, and the molding speed shown in Table 2A were used. The molded product that came out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 77%. Moreover, generation
- Example 14 It implemented similarly to Example 13 except having set it as the shaping
- the molded product coming out of the mold did not deform, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 55%. Moreover, generation
- Example 15 It implemented similarly to Example 13 except having set it as the shaping
- the molded product out of the mold was able to be molded although some deformation was observed, and it was 34% when the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was evaluated. Moreover, generation
- Example 16 Using a die having a 10 mm diameter circular circular cavity with a hard chrome plating treatment on the surface, the conditions shown in Table 2B were used. The molded product coming out of the mold was not deformed, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 60%. Moreover, generation
- Example 17 Using a mold having a 100 mm wide and 5 mm thick cavity with a rectangular cross section, the surface of which was hard chrome plated, the conditions shown in Table 2B were used. The molded product coming out of the mold did not deform, and the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 55%. Moreover, generation
- Example 6 (Comparative Example 6) It implemented similarly to Example 7 except having set it as the shaping
- Example 7 It implemented similarly to Example 7 except having set it as the shaping
- the degree of cure of the sampled molded product was 12%. The results are shown in Table 2B.
- Example 8 It implemented similarly to Example 10 except having set it as the shaping
- Example 9 It implemented similarly to Example 13 except having set it as the shaping
- Example 10 (Comparative Example 10) It implemented similarly to Example 13 except having set it as the shaping
- the drawn fiber reinforced molded product of the present invention is effectively used for windmill blades, building repair and reinforcement members, electrical and electronic equipment casings, bicycles, automobile members, structural materials for sports equipment, aircraft interior materials, shipping boxes, etc. it can.
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Abstract
Description
数千~数万本のフィラメントが一方向に配列した強化繊維束を、液状のマトリックス樹脂が入った樹脂浴に通し、マトリックス樹脂を強化繊維束に含浸させる。その後、マトリックス樹脂が含浸した強化繊維束を、スクイーズダイおよび加熱金型を通して、引張機によって、マトリックス樹脂を含浸させた強化繊維束を連続的に引抜きつつ、硬化させる。
また、特許文献2のエポキシ樹脂組成物は、フィラメントワインディング法などの液状プロセスで製造され、強化繊維束への含浸性を向上させることを主要観点としたものである。この構成でもスケールを完全に抑制することは難しかった。
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物は少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部であるものである、
繊維強化成形品。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー
[D]:離型剤
また上記課題を解決するために本発明に係る繊維強化成形品の製造方法は以下の構成を有する。
強化繊維束を収束させた強化繊維束集合体にエポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させた樹脂含浸繊維基材を、引抜成形領域を通過させながら前記エポキシ樹脂組成物を加熱硬化させて、所定の形状に引抜成形される繊維強化成形品の製造方法であって、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部であるものである、繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー
[D]:離型剤。
エポキシ樹脂を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物である。
少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含む。
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部である。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー。
[D]:離型剤。
強化繊維束を収束させた強化繊維束集合体に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させた樹脂含浸繊維基材を、引抜成形領域を通過させながら前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を加熱硬化させて、所定の形状に引抜成形される繊維強化成形品の製造方法であって、
前記引抜成形領域には少なくとも、入口部および出口部を有する引抜成形金型と、アフターキュア炉とが配され、
前記引抜成形領域では、前記樹脂含浸繊維基材は、前記引抜成形金型の入口部から導入され、前記金型内部を通過され、前記金型の出口部から導出され、その後前記アフターキュア炉内を通過する工程が行われ、
前記引抜成形領域では以下の(i)~(v)条件を満たす繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
(i)前記引抜成形の金型温度をTp(℃)、前記金型における前記樹脂含浸繊維基材の通路長(以下、金型通路長という)(m)を成形速度(m/min)で除した金型内滞在時間をH(min)とすると、次の式(1)~(3)の関係を満たしている。
230-100H≦Tp≦252-80H ・・・式(1)
180≦Tp≦245 ・・・式(2)
0.1≦H≦0.9 ・・・式(3)
(ii)前記引抜成形金型の入口部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は液体状態を保持している。
(iii)前記金型内部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が液体状態からゲル化状態に推移している。
(iv)前記金型出口部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化度33~80%のゲル化状態を保持している。
(v)前記アフターキュア炉内において、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化度95%以上の硬化状態となっている。
なお、ここで「基材の通路長」とは、金型において樹脂含浸繊維基材が通過する距離であり、また、「成形速度(m/min)」とは、成形における1分あたりの基材の移動速度である。
前記製造方法に係る発明の好ましい態様によれば、前記引抜成形金型内部において、前記熱硬化性のマトリックス樹脂組成物がゲル化状態に推移し始める領域は、前記金型通路長に対してその通路の出口部から10~50%の長さの領域のうちにある。
前記製造方法に係る本発明の好ましい態様によれば、前記アフターキュア炉内において、前記樹脂含浸繊維基材を発熱体と非接触の状態で加熱する。
また、金型温度および金型内滞在時間の関係を特徴とする製造方法に係る発明では、引抜成形金型内で熱硬化性樹脂組成物をゲル化状態で保持させ、一定範囲の硬化度とすることにより、熱硬化性マトリックス樹脂が液状状態から硬化して固体状態に推移する際に生じる硬化収縮の発生を抑えることができ、引抜成形金型内面に付着残留するいわゆるスケールの発生を抑制でき、連続して高速での引抜成形を実現することができる。
エポキシ樹脂を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物である。
少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含む。
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部である。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー
[D]:離型剤。
アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂とはベンゼン環に直接結合した酸素原子、さらに炭素原子を介してエポキシ基を有し、ベンゼン環に直接結合した窒素原子、さらに炭素原子を介してエポキシ基を有する樹脂をいう。前者のエポキシ基は1つ、後者のエポキシ基は2つあることが一般的である。
具体例として、ナジック酸無水物やメチルナジック酸無水物が挙げられる、特に成分[B1]はメチルナジック酸無水物であることが好ましい。
“トレカ(登録商標)”T300-12000(引張強度:3.5GPa、引張弾性率:230GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T300B-12000(引張強度:3.5GPa、引張弾性率:230GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T400HB-6000(引張強度:4.4GPa、引張弾性率:250GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T700SC-12000(引張強度:4.9GPa、引張弾性率:230GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T800HB-12000(引張強度:5.5GPa、引張弾性率:294GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T800SC-24000(引張強度:5.9GPa、引張弾性率:294GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T830HB-6000(引張強度:5.3GPa、引張弾性率:294GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T1000GB-12000(引張強度:6.4GPa、引張弾性率:294GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”T1100GC-12000(引張強度:7.0GPa、引張弾性率:324GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”M35JB-12000(引張強度:4.7GPa、引張弾性率:343GPa)、“トレカ(登録商標)”M40JB-12000(引張強度:4.4GPa、引張弾性率:377GPa)“トレカ(登録商標)”M30SC-18000(引張強度:5.5GPa、引張弾性率:294GPa)(以上、東レ(株)製)。PX35(引張強度:4.1GPa、引張弾性率:242GPa)、(Zoltek社製)。
硬化度=100-(成形品発熱量)/(樹脂組成物発熱量×成形品熱硬化性樹脂質量分率)
また、本発明において、引抜成形金型入口部11での熱硬化性樹脂組成物の粘度が3000mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。これにより、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を繊維基材2に良好に連続的に含浸させることができるとともに、引抜成形金型6内部において樹脂含浸繊維基材7の液体状態を良好に保持することができる。好ましくは2000mPa・s以下、より好ましくは1000mPa・s以下である。
230-100H≦Tp≦252-80H
180≦Tp≦245
0.1≦H≦0.9。
上記式の関係は金型出口部12において、熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化度33~80%のゲル化状態を保持するために適切な条件範囲を示したものである。
Tg-40℃≦Tp≦Tg+25℃ 。
Tg≦Tc≦Tg+73℃ 。
各実施例のエポキシ樹脂組成物である熱硬化性樹脂組成物を得るために、次の原料を用いた。表1Aおよび表1B中の配合量の単位は、特に断らない限り「質量部」を意味する。「-」は、割合がゼロであることを意味する。
[実施例1~6および比較例1~5]
これら実施例、比較例では以下の原料を用いた。配合量は表1Aおよび表1Bに記載してある。
・“jER”(登録商標)630(p-アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、三菱ケミカル(株)製)
・“jER”(登録商標)828(ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、三菱ケミカル(株)製)([A]の範疇に含まれない。)。
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
・“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD(メチルナジック酸無水物、日本化薬(株)製)
成分[B2]:テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物またはヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
・HN-2000(メチルテトラヒドロフタル酸無水物、日立化成(株)製)
・HN-5500(メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物、日立化成(株)製)。
・“ミクロンホワイト”(登録商標)#5000S(タルク、平均粒径4.75μm、モース硬度1、林化成(株)製)([C]の範疇に含まれる。)
・FB-5D(溶融シリカ、平均粒径4.7μm、モース硬度7、デンカ(株)製)([C]の範疇に含まれない。) 。
・“ケムリース”(登録商標)IC-35(オレイン酸エステル、ケムトレンド社製)([D]の範疇に含まれる。) 。
・DY070(1-メチルイミダゾール、ハンツマン・アドバンスドマテリアル社製)
・“キュアゾール”(登録商標)2E4MZ(2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、四国化成工業(株)製)。
・メタキシリレンジアミン(三菱ガス化学(株)製)。
これらの実施例、比較例では以下に示す原料を用いて、熱硬化性樹脂組成物とした。
・“jER”(登録商標)630(p-アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、三菱ケミカル(株)製):95質量部
・“jER”(登録商標)828(ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、三菱ケミカル(株)製):5質量部。([A]の範疇に含まれない。)
2.酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
・“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD(メチルナジック酸無水物、日本化薬(株)製):119質量部
[B2]:テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物またはヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
・HN-5500(メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物、日立化成(株)製):51質量部
3.フィラー
・“ミクロンホワイト”(登録商標)#5000S(タルク、平均粒径4.75μm、モース硬度1、林化成(株)製):4質量部。([C]の範疇に含まれる。)
4.離型剤
・“ケムリース”(登録商標)IC-35(オレイン酸エステル、ケムトレンド社製):3質量部([D]の範疇に含まれる。)
5.硬化触媒
・“キュアゾール”(登録商標)2E4MZ(2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、四国化成工業(株)製):2質量部。
・“トレカ”(登録商標)T700S-24K(炭素繊維、真円状断面、フィラメント数24,000本、東レ(株)製)。
(1)熱硬化性樹脂組成物の調製
実施例1~6および比較例1~5においては表1Aおよび表1Bに示す配合割合、また実施例7~17および比較例6~10においては上で説明した配合割合の原料を、25℃で混合し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
ISO2884-1(1999)における円錐-平板型回転粘度計を使用した測定方法に従い、エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した時点から1分後の粘度を、25℃にて測定した。装置は東機産業(株)製のTVE-30H型を用いた。ここで、ローターは1°34′×R24を用い、サンプル量は1cm3とした。
エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した後、180℃にて50秒間加熱硬化して得られる樹脂硬化物及びそれをさらに210℃にて3分間後硬化した樹脂硬化物についてガラス転移温度を測定した。Perkin Elmer社製のDiamond DSCを用いて、窒素雰囲気下、温度30~200℃、40℃/minで昇温することにより測定した。中間点ガラス転移温度をガラス転移点とした。
図1に示す引抜成形工程を用いて成形を行った。図1における金型6として図4に示す引抜成形金型を使用した。
・引抜成形金型6の加熱温度Tp(℃):195℃
・引抜成形金型6の長さ(樹脂含浸繊維基材の通路の全長)(m):800mm
・成形速度(m/min):1.2(m/min)
・金型内滞在時間H(min):0.67(min)
・金型出口部12における熱硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化度:75%
・アフターキュア炉24内の温度:260℃
・アフターキュア炉24後の熱硬化性樹脂組成物硬化度:95%
成形の結果、直径2mm、Vf約70%の引抜成形品を得た。
スケールの発生無く順調に成形できたもの:良
スケールが発生したが成形できたもの:可
著しくスケールが発生したもの。または十分に硬化が進まず寸法が安定せず成形できなかったもの:不良。
引抜成形後の金型表面の状態を目視で確認し、以下の基準で判定した。
キズなどの損傷やスケールの付着が無いもの:良
若干のキズやスケール付着の有るもの:可
著しくキズがみられるもの:不良。
成形品が金型の出口から導出された際に、変形なく成形できたものは良、変形したものの金型のキャビティ径に対し±3%以内の直径に抑えられたものは可、それ以上に著しく広がるなど変形したものは不良とした。
成形中、金型から出てきた成形品を適量サンプリングし、はさみで細かく切った後に、DSC(示差走査熱量測定)により残存発熱を求めた。この発熱量と、硬化前の樹脂組成物の発熱量との比から、以下の式により硬化度αを算出した。
DSC測定は、Perkin Elmer社製のDiamond DSCを用いて、温度30~250℃、10℃/minで昇温することにより行った。
「スケールの発生」
スケールの発生無く順調に成形できたものは良、スケールが発生したが成形できたものは可、著しくスケールが発生して成形できなかったものは不良と記した。
表1Aに示したように、アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、“jER”(登録商標)630、100質量部、ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物、“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、135質量部、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物の構造を有する酸無水物、HN-2000、45質量部、フィラーとしてタルクを4部、内部離型剤IC-35を3部、イミダゾール誘導体、DY070、を1部からなる樹脂組成物を混合調製した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)における25℃での粘度測定の結果、粘度が低く抑えられていることが示された。また、樹脂硬化物のTgは十分に高く耐熱性があることを示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、1.2m/minの高速で引抜成形してもスケールなどの発生無く成形出来た。成形後、金型表面にキズの発生やスケールの付着は見られなかった。結果を表1Aに示す。
表1Aに示すとおりの割合で、“jER”(登録商標)630、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、“jER”(登録商標)828、“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、HN-2000を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した粘度が若干高かったものの引抜成形が可能なレベルだった。また、樹脂硬化物のTgは高く耐熱性があることを示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、スケールの発生無く成形出来た。成形後、金型表面にキズの発生やスケールの付着は見られなかった。結果を表1Aに示す。
表1Aに示すとおりの割合で、“jER”(登録商標)630、“jER”(登録商標)828、“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物の構造を有する酸無水物、HN-5500、イミダゾール誘導体、“キュアゾール”(登録商標)2E4MZ、を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)における25℃での粘度測定の結果、粘度が低く抑えられていることが示された。また、樹脂硬化物のTgは十分に高く耐熱性があることを示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、スケールの発生無く、成形出来た。成形後、金型表面にキズの発生やスケールの付着は見られなかった。結果を表1Aに示す。
“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、HN-5500の割合を表1Aに示すとおりにしたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)における25℃での粘度測定の結果、粘度が低く抑えられていることが示された。また、樹脂硬化物のTgは高く耐熱性があることを示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、スケールの発生無く成形出来た。成形後、金型表面にキズの発生やスケールの付着は見られなかった。結果を表1Aに示す。
“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、HN-5500、の割合を表1Aに示すとおりにしたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)における混合後25℃での粘度が低かったが、樹脂硬化物の耐熱性は若干劣るものであった。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、若干のスケール発生があったが成形できた。成形後、金型表面に若干のスケール付着が見られた。結果を表1Aに示す。
表1Aに示すとおりの割合で、“jER”(登録商標)630、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、“jER”(登録商標)828、“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、HN-2000、を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した粘度が若干高かったものの引抜成形が可能なレベルだった。また、樹脂硬化物のTgは高く耐熱性は若干劣るものであった。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、若干のスケール発生があったが成形できた。成形後、金型表面に若干のスケール付着が見られた。結果を表1Aに示す。
表1Bに示すとおりの割合で、“jER”(登録商標)630、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、“jER”(登録商標)828、“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、HN-2000、を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物はアミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂が少ないため、上記(2)にて測定した25℃での粘度が高く、樹脂硬化物のTgは十分な耐熱性を示すものではなかった。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、高粘度、低耐熱性のため金型内で硬化が進まず、成形品の寸法が安定しなかった。成形後、金型表面には多くのスケール付着が見られた。結果を表1Bに示す。
“カヤハード”(登録商標)MCD、の割合を表1Bに示すとおりとし、HN-2000や、HN-5500、を含めなかったこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した25℃で粘度が低く、また樹脂硬化物のTgは高く耐熱性を示したが、反応性が劣るため、この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、金型内で硬化が進まず、成形品の寸法が安定しなかった。成形後、金型表面にキズの発生やスケールの付着は見られなかった。結果を表1Bに示す。
フィラーをシリカ(FB-5D)にしたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した25℃で粘度が低く、また、樹脂硬化物のTgは十分に高く耐熱性を示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、スケールなどの発生無く成形出来た。しかし成形後、金型表面に著しくキズが発生した。結果を表1Bに示す。
離型剤を含めなかったこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した25℃で粘度が低く、また、樹脂硬化物のTgは十分に高く耐熱性を示した。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、著しいスケールの発生や、成形品自体が金型に接着し、成形が困難であった。成形後、金型表面に多くのスケールが付着した。結果を表1Bに示す。
酸無水物とイミダゾール誘導体を用いず、代わりにメタキシリレンジアミン32質量部としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施した。この樹脂組成物は、上記(2)にて測定した25℃での粘度が高かった。この樹脂組成物を用いて引抜成形を行うと、著しいスケールの発生や、成形品自体が金型に接着し、成形が困難であった。成形後、金型表面に多くのスケールが付着した。結果を表1Bに示す。
上で説明した樹脂組成物を用いて、金型温度Tpを200℃、金型通路長0.6m、成形速度0.95m/分で引抜成形を行った。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度は79%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度は69%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度は35%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す金型温度、金型通路長、成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度は80%であった。また若干のスケール発生が見られたが、成形は順調に出来た。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例10と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度は52%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す金型通路長、成形速度とした他は、実施例10と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は若干変形が見られたが成形でき、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると34%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す金型温度、金型通路長、成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると77%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Aに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例13と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると55%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Aに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例13と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は若干の変形が見られたが成形でき、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると34%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表面にハードクロムメッキ処理を施した直径10mmの真円断面のキャビティがある金型を用い、表2Bに示す条件で実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると60%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表面にハードクロムメッキ処理を施した幅100mm、厚さ5mmの長方形断面のキャビティがある金型を用い、表2Bに示す条件で実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形せず、サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると55%であった。またスケールの発生は見られなかった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形しなかったものの、著しく成形品にスケールが発生し、途中で成形が継続できなくなった。サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると86%であった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例7と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は、径が広がり変形した。サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると12%であった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例10と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形しなかったものの、著しく成形品にスケールが発生し、途中で成形が継続できなくなった。サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると87%であった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例13と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は変形しなかったものの、著しく成形品にスケールが発生し、途中で成形が継続できなくなった。サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると90%であった。結果を表2Bに示す。
表2Bに示す成形速度とした他は、実施例13と同様に実施した。金型から出た成形品は、径が広がり変形した。サンプリングした成形品の硬化度を評価すると13%であった。結果を表2Bに示す
2 補強繊維束
3 クリール
4 樹脂バス
5 スクイズ
6 引抜成形金型
7 樹脂含浸繊維基材
8 巻取機
9 拡大部
10 プラー
11 金型の入口部
12 金型の出口部
13 スケール堆積箇所
14 液体領域
15 ゲル化領域
16 固体領域
17 引抜成形領域
18 引抜方向
20 ゲル化状態の熱硬化性樹脂組成物
21 熱硬化性樹脂硬化状態となりつつある表層部
22 熱硬化性樹脂が内部まで硬化し、硬化収縮が生じた状態
23 スケール堆積なしの箇所
24 アフターキュア炉
25 硬化不良領域
26 適正条件領域
27 スケール発生領域
28 硬化度33%の特性線
29 硬化度80%の特性線
30 ガイド
Claims (12)
- 強化繊維束を複数収束させた強化繊維束集合体にエポキシ樹脂組成物が含浸され、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が硬化した繊維強化成形品であって、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物は少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部であるものである、
繊維強化成形品。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー
[D]:離型剤 - 成分[B2]におけるフタル酸無水物が水素化物構造であって、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物の構造またはヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物の構造を有する、請求項1に記載の繊維強化成形品。
- 成分[B1]が、メチルナジック酸無水物であるか、
成分[B2]が、テトラヒドロメチルフタル酸無水物またはヘキサヒドロメチルフタル酸無水物である、請求項1または2に記載の繊維強化成形品。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物において
成分[B]100質量部中に、成分[B1]が50~90質量部、成分[B2]が50~10質量部含まれ、
成分[A]100質量部に対する成分[B]の含有量が50~200質量部である、請求項1~3いずれかに記載の繊維強化成形品。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物において
成分[C]は粒子状のタルクであり、
レーザー回折式粒度分布計の測定結果により定義される平均粒径が2~7μmである、請求項1~4いずれかに記載の繊維強化成形品。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物において
成分[D]が、成分[A]100質量部に対して0.1~8質量部含まれる、請求項1~5いずれかに記載の繊維強化成形品。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物において
さらに、成分[E]として、イミダゾール誘導体が、前記成分[A]100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部含まれる、請求項1~6いずれかに記載の繊維強化成形品。 - 強化繊維束を収束させた強化繊維束集合体にエポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させた樹脂含浸繊維基材を、引抜成形領域を通過させながら前記エポキシ樹脂組成物を加熱硬化させて、所定の形状に引抜成形される繊維強化成形品の製造方法であって、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が少なくとも以下の成分[A]、[B]、[C]および[D]を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物に含まれる全エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して[A]が60~100質量部であるものである、繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
[A]:アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂
[B]:以下の2種の酸無水物
[B1]:ナジック酸無水物構造を有する酸無水物
[B2]:フタル酸無水物の水素化物構造を有する酸無水物
[C]:ケイ素化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物および無機炭素から選択される少なくとも一種であり、モース硬度が3以下のフィラー
[D]:離型剤 - 強化繊維束を収束させた強化繊維束集合体に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させた樹脂含浸繊維基材を、引抜成形領域を通過させながら前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を加熱硬化させて、所定の形状に引抜成形される繊維強化成形品の製造方法であって、
前記引抜成形領域には少なくとも、入口部および出口部を有する引抜成形金型と、アフターキュア炉とが配され、
前記引抜成形領域では、前記樹脂含浸繊維基材は、前記引抜成形金型の入口部から導入され、前記金型内部を通過させられ、前記金型の出口部から導出され、その後前記アフターキュア炉内を通過する、という工程が行われ、
前記引抜成形領域では以下の(i)~(v)条件を満たす繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
(i)前記引抜成形の金型温度をTp(℃)、前記金型における前記樹脂含浸繊維基材の通路長(以下、金型通路長という)(m)を成形速度(m/min)で除した金型内滞在時間をH(min)とすると、次の式(1)~(3)の関係を満たしている。
230-100H≦Tp≦252-80H ・・・式(1)
180≦Tp≦245 ・・・式(2)
0.1≦H≦0.9 ・・・式(3)
(ii)前記引抜成形金型の入口部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は液体状態を保持している。
(iii)前記金型内部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が液体状態からゲル化状態に推移している。
(iv)前記金型出口部において前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化度33~80%のゲル化状態を保持している。
(v)前記アフターキュア炉内において、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化度95%以上の硬化状態となっている。 - 前記金型内部において、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物がゲル化状態に推移し始める領域は、前記金型通路長に対して前記金型出口部から10~50%の長さの領域のうちにある、請求項9に記載の繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
- 前記アフターキュア炉内において、前記樹脂含浸繊維基材を発熱体と非接触の状態で加熱する、請求項8~10に記載の繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
- 前記繊維強化成形品が電線ケーブルコア用途に用いられる、請求項1~11いずれか記載の繊維強化成形品の製造方法。
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| EP3747936A4 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
| US11827759B2 (en) | 2023-11-28 |
| KR20200107936A (ko) | 2020-09-16 |
| JP7205464B2 (ja) | 2023-01-17 |
| JPWO2019151174A1 (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
| CN111655766A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
| CN111655766B (zh) | 2022-11-22 |
| EP3747936A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
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