WO2020071170A1 - 成形材料、繊維強化複合材料、及び繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
成形材料、繊維強化複合材料、及び繊維強化複合材料の製造方法Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071170A1 WO2020071170A1 PCT/JP2019/037237 JP2019037237W WO2020071170A1 WO 2020071170 A1 WO2020071170 A1 WO 2020071170A1 JP 2019037237 W JP2019037237 W JP 2019037237W WO 2020071170 A1 WO2020071170 A1 WO 2020071170A1
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- fiber
- component
- reinforced composite
- composite material
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
- C08G59/3218—Carbocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4014—Nitrogen containing compounds
- C08G59/4021—Ureas; Thioureas; Guanidines; Dicyandiamides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/10—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/02—Polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/04—Epoxynovolacs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molding material, a fiber-reinforced composite material, and a method for producing the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- Fiber reinforced composite materials containing reinforced fibers and matrix resins are widely used in industrial applications such as automobiles because of their excellent mechanical properties and the like, and in recent years, the range of application has been further expanding.
- a molding material for obtaining a fiber-reinforced composite material for example, a sheet-shaped prepreg in which a matrix resin composition is impregnated into reinforcing fibers is known.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material can be obtained by heating and pressing a prepreg laminate in which a plurality of prepregs are laminated to form.
- thermosetting resin composition containing a phenol resin, a melamine resin, a bismaleimide resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or the like is often used because of its excellent impregnation and heat resistance.
- epoxy resin compositions are widely used because a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent heat resistance and moldability and higher mechanical strength can be obtained.
- Epoxy resin has low curing shrinkage and high affinity for metal, so it is less removable from molds used in press molding than other resins. Therefore, the mold occupation time is prolonged, and the productivity tends to decrease. Further, when the fiber-reinforced composite material firmly adhered to the mold is to be released, a load is applied to the fiber-reinforced composite material. Therefore, a mold release agent is used for molding using the epoxy resin composition.
- a coating type release agent (external release agent) of a type applied to a resin contact surface of a mold is known.
- the external mold release agent has to be applied to the mold every time molding is performed in order to secure the mold release property, which is troublesome and time-consuming, so that the molding cycle becomes longer. There is.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an epoxy resin composition containing a perfluoroalkyl group and containing an internal release agent having a melting point or a pour point of 25 ° C or more and 100 ° C or less.
- thermosetting resin composition is cured under high pressure by heating at about 100 to 150 ° C. for a few minutes to several tens of minutes. Therefore, the thermosetting resin composition used for high cycle press molding needs to have a rapid curability that cures under the above conditions.
- the quick-curing property is increased, the curing time is short, so that the internal release agent does not easily migrate between the resin and the mold at the time of molding, and the demolding property of the fiber-reinforced composite material from the mold decreases. I do. As described above, it is difficult to achieve both fast curing property and mold release property.
- a molding material using continuous fibers such as prepreg has less resin flow during molding than a molding material using discontinuous fibers such as sheet molding compound (SMC). For this reason, it is more difficult for the internal release agent to migrate between the resin and the mold, and the tendency of the mold release from the mold to decrease is prominent.
- SMC sheet molding compound
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an internal release agent having a liquid perfluoroalkyl group as such an internal release agent.
- an internal release agent having a liquid perfluoroalkyl group as such an internal release agent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a molding material, a fiber-reinforced composite material, and a method for producing the same, which can produce a fiber-reinforced composite material that can suppress film floating, has excellent release paper release properties, and has excellent mold release properties from a mold. With the goal.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- the molding material of the present invention it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced composite material that can suppress film floating, has excellent release paper releasability, and has excellent removability from a mold.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The fiber reinforced composite material of this invention can suppress a film floating, is excellent in release paper release property, and is excellent in mold release property from a metal mold
- the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced composite material that can suppress film floating, has excellent release properties of release paper, and has excellent removability from a mold.
- Epoxy resin is a compound having one or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
- the monofunctional epoxy resin is a compound having one epoxy group
- the bifunctional epoxy resin is a compound having two epoxy groups
- the trifunctional epoxy resin is a compound having three epoxy groups
- the tetrafunctional epoxy resin is a compound having four epoxy groups.
- Melting point or "pour point” can adopt a catalog value. If no catalog value is described, the peak at the lowest temperature due to the melting point on the DSC exothermic curve by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is located at the intersection of the tangent of the inflection point with the baseline at the endothermic start side. The corresponding temperature.
- Reinforcing fiber base material is an aggregate of reinforcing fibers.
- Specific examples of the reinforcing fiber base include a reinforcing fiber bundle, a sheet-like material in which chopped reinforcing fiber bundles are stacked two-dimensionally at random, and the like.
- "-" Indicating a numerical range means that the numerical values described before and after the numerical range are included as the lower limit and the upper limit.
- the molding material of the present invention is a molding material in which an epoxy resin composition described below is impregnated into a reinforcing fiber base material.
- the epoxy resin composition refers to a component other than the reinforcing fiber base contained in the molding material of the present invention.
- the molding material examples include prepreg and tow prepreg. Since the viscosity characteristics of the epoxy resin composition in the present invention are suitable for prepreg, a prepreg in which the reinforcing fibers contained in the reinforcing fiber base material are continuous fibers is preferable as the molding material.
- the epoxy resin composition contains component (A), component (B), and component (C).
- the epoxy resin composition contained in the molding material of the present invention is a matrix resin composition of a molding material that is an intermediate material used for production of a fiber-reinforced composite material, and is particularly suitable as a matrix resin composition for prepreg. .
- the epoxy resin composition contained in the molding material of the present invention is preferably cured at 140 ° C. within 7 minutes, more preferably at 140 ° C. within 5 minutes.
- Component (A) is an epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a bisphenol A epoxy resin, a bisphenol F epoxy resin, a bisphenol S epoxy resin, a bisphenol AD epoxy resin, an epoxy resin having a naphthalene skeleton, and an isocyanate-modified oxazolidone ring.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resin bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin, epoxy resin having naphthalene skeleton, epoxy having isocyanate-modified oxazolidone ring Resins, phenol novolak type epoxy resins, cresol type epoxy resins, glycidylamine type epoxy resins, glycidyl ether type epoxy resins, modified products of these epoxy resins, and brominated epoxy resins are preferred. From the viewpoint that the heat resistance and the chemical resistance of the fiber reinforced composite material are good, bisphenol A type epoxy resin is more preferable. Further, a bisphenol F-type epoxy resin is more preferable from the viewpoint that the viscosity is lower than that of a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin having the same molecular weight and the elastic modulus of the fiber-reinforced composite material is high.
- a bifunctional epoxy resin is preferable.
- a trifunctional epoxy resin or a tetrafunctional epoxy resin may be used as the component (A).
- bifunctional epoxy resin examples include the following. 825, 827, 828, 828EL, 828US, 828XA, 806, 806H, 807, 1750, YL6810 of jER (registered trademark; the same applies hereinafter) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and 840, 840 of EPICLON (registered trademark) manufactured by DIC Corporation.
- EXA-850CRP 850-LC
- trifunctional or higher epoxy resins include the following. 152, 604, 630, and 630 LSD of jER manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, YH-434 and YH434L manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, ELM434, ELM100, ELM120 of Sumiepoxy (registered trademark) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company TETRAD-X.
- component (A) one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the component (A) in the epoxy resin composition is adjusted according to the type of the component (A) so that the viscosity at 30 ° C. of the epoxy resin composition is 10 3 to 10 6 Pa ⁇ s. Is preferred.
- Component (B) is an epoxy resin curing agent.
- Component (B) affects the mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus), storage stability, curing temperature and time of the fiber-reinforced composite material (cured product) produced using the molding material of the present invention.
- As the form of the component (B) various forms such as a microcapsule type, denaturation and the like can be adopted.
- the component (B) may be any as long as it can cure an epoxy resin, and examples thereof include amine compounds, acid anhydride compounds, amine complexes such as phenol, mercaptan, and Lewis acids, boron chloride amine complexes, and imidazole compounds. Is mentioned.
- dicyandiamide and derivatives thereof are preferable because they have a high melting point and can suppress compatibility with the epoxy resin in a low temperature region.
- the epoxy resin composition contains dicyandiamide and a derivative thereof, excellent pot life is obtained, and the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material are improved.
- dicyandiamide for example, a compound in which dicyandiamide is combined with various compounds such as an epoxy resin, a vinyl compound, an acrylic compound, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and the like are given. No.
- the dicyandiamide derivative may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the derivative of dicyandiamide may be used in combination with dicyandiamide.
- dicyandiamide and its derivatives dicyandiamide is preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- an imidazole compound in which the hydrogen atom at the 5-position of 1H-imidazole is substituted with a hydroxymethyl group and the hydrogen atom at the 2-position is substituted with a phenyl group or a toluyl group is preferable.
- 2-phenyl-4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) imidazole 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-benzyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, p-toluyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-m-toluyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-m-toluyl-4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) imidazole, 2-p -Toluyl-4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) imidazole and the like.
- the imidazole compound an imidazole compound having a triazine ring in the molecule is preferable because storage stability at room temperature in the epoxy resin composition is high and the curing rate is high.
- 2,4-diamino-6- [2- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)] ethyl-s-triazine and the like can be mentioned.
- component (B) When the component (B) is a solid in the epoxy resin at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., the reactivity with the epoxy resin at 25 ° C. is low, and the storage stability is excellent.
- a compound which is solid in an epoxy resin at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. and liquid at the time of curing at an atmosphere temperature of 25 ° C. is preferable from the viewpoint that both pot life and reactivity at the time of curing can be achieved, and dicyandiamide and imidazole compounds are preferable. More preferred.
- Component (B) preferably contains dicyandiamide, and more preferably uses dicyandiamide in combination with an imidazole compound that is solid at 25 ° C.
- the cured product cured with dicyandiamide has excellent adhesion to reinforcing fibers. Further, a cured product cured with an imidazole compound has excellent heat resistance.
- the content of the component (B) relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) is as follows: The amount is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass. When the content of the component (B) is 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, a sufficient curing speed can be obtained. When the content of the component (B) is at most 20 parts by mass, more preferably at most 10 parts by mass, the water absorption of the fiber-reinforced composite material will be suppressed, and the heat resistance of the fiber-reinforced composite material will not easily decrease.
- Epoxy resin has the property of becoming low-viscosity and flowing once before it is cured in the process of heating and pressing, so if an external release agent is used to improve mold release, due to the effect of resin flow, The release agent may flow out of the system.
- the component (C) moves to the interface between the mold and the fiber-reinforced composite material during the heating and pressing, and does not flow out of the system due to the resin flow during the heating and pressing.
- Component (C) is preferably liquid at room temperature (or at the storage temperature of the prepreg).
- the melting point or pour point of the component (C) is 25 ° C or lower, preferably 20 ° C or lower, more preferably 10 ° C or lower, and still more preferably 5 ° C or lower.
- the melting point or pour point of component (C) is preferably -50 ° C or higher, more preferably -40 ° C or higher.
- Component (C) is an unsaturated fatty acid ester compound.
- an unsaturated fatty acid ester compound as the internal mold release agent as the component (C)
- the film provided on the surface of the molding material is prevented from being peeled off. it can. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both excellent release paper release property and release property, and suppression of floating and peeling of the film.
- the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound examples include an ester compound of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic alcohol, and an ester compound of an unsaturated fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol.
- an unsaturated fatty acid having an alkenyl group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms having one or more unsaturated bonds is preferable, and an alkenyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms having one or more unsaturated bonds is preferable.
- Unsaturated fatty acids are more preferable, and unsaturated fatty acids having an alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms and having at least one unsaturated bond are further preferable.
- the carbon number of the alkenyl group in the unsaturated fatty acid is 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and still more preferably 12 or more, excellent releasability is easily obtained.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group having an unsaturated bond in the unsaturated fatty acid is 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and still more preferably 20 or less, the melting point or pour point becomes 25 ° C. or less, and the epoxy resin composition at room temperature Bleed out easily on the surface of
- oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and sorbic acid are preferred.
- Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid having a cis-type alkenyl group are more preferable because they are easily available and have a low melting point.
- Oleic acid is particularly preferred as the unsaturated fatty acid. That is, as the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound, an oleic acid ester compound is particularly preferable.
- the aliphatic alcohol is preferably an aliphatic alcohol having an alkyl group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic alcohol having an alkyl group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aliphatic alcohol having an alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms. Aliphatic alcohols are more preferred, aliphatic alcohols having an alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms are particularly preferred, and aliphatic alcohols having an alkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms are most preferred.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group of the aliphatic alcohol is 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 3 or more, particularly preferably 4 or more, and most preferably 5 or more, excellent releasability is easily obtained. If the carbon number of the alkyl group of the aliphatic alcohol is 100 or less, more preferably 60 or less, still more preferably 40 or less, particularly preferably 30 or less, and most preferably 20 or less, the melting point or pour point becomes 25 ° C or less. Bleed out to the surface of the epoxy resin composition is easy even at room temperature. In the aliphatic alcohol, some carbon-carbon bonds of the alkyl group may be replaced by unsaturated bonds.
- Examples of the aliphatic alcohol include methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, and myristyl. Alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and octyl dodecyl alcohol are preferred.
- the polyhydric alcohol is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule, and is preferably a compound having three or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule.
- the number of hydroxyl groups contained in the polyhydric alcohol is equal to or more than the lower limit, a large number of ester bonds can be formed with the unsaturated fatty acid, so that the demolding property is easily improved.
- the polyhydric alcohol glycerin, sorbitan, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, polyoxyethylene sorbitol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and polyoxyethylene bisphenol A are preferable.
- the average number of ester sites (parts derived from unsaturated fatty acids) of unsaturated fatty acids per molecule is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more.
- the average number of unsaturated fatty acid ester sites per molecule of the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound of the component (C) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 5.0 or less.
- the average number of ester sites in the unsaturated fatty acid is the number of ester sites in the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound when one type of unsaturated fatty acid ester compound is used alone, and two or more types of unsaturated fatty acid ester compounds are used.
- it is determined by analysis. For example, it can be calculated by comparing the number of protons by NMR measurement of the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound. Further, the analysis can be performed after the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound is hydrolyzed to be decomposed into the unsaturated fatty acid and the aliphatic alcohol or the polyhydric alcohol.
- Examples of the unsaturated fatty acid ester compound having two or more ester sites in one molecule include sorbitan triolate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan triolate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tetraolate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraolate.
- the content of the component (C) in the epoxy resin composition relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.15 to 2 parts by mass. A part by mass is more preferable, and 0.2 to 1 part by mass is particularly preferable.
- the content of the component (C) is preferably at least 0.05 part by mass, more preferably at least 0.1 part by mass, still more preferably at least 0.15 part by mass, particularly preferably at least 0.2 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the component (A).
- the content of the component (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A) is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, further preferably 2 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or less. Particularly preferred.
- the epoxy resin composition may further contain components other than the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) as needed, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other components include, for example, a curing accelerator, an inorganic filler, an organic pigment, an inorganic pigment and the like.
- the reaction initiation temperature can be lowered without greatly impairing the storage stability, and the molding material can be cured in a short time.
- the mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus) and thermal properties (heat resistance) of the fiber-reinforced composite material can be improved.
- a urea compound is preferable because the mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus) of the fiber-reinforced composite material are increased.
- urea compounds include 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea, 3- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -1,1-dimethylurea, and 3- (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) -1,1- Dimethylurea, 2,4-bis (3,3-dimethylureido) toluene, 1,1 ′-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene) bis (3,3-dimethylurea) and the like can be mentioned.
- inorganic filler examples include calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, clay, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, glass powder, hollow glass beads, and Aerosil (registered trademark).
- the viscosity at 30 ° C. of the epoxy resin composition is preferably from 10 3 to 10 6 Pa ⁇ s, and more preferably from 10 4 to 10 5 Pa ⁇ s. When the viscosity at 30 ° C. of the epoxy resin composition falls within the above range, the tackiness and drape property of the molding material can be maintained well.
- the viscosity of the epoxy resin composition is a value measured by a rheometer under the following conditions. Plate used: 25 ⁇ parallel plate Plate gap: 0.5mm Measurement frequency: 10 rad / sec Stress: 300 Pa
- the epoxy resin composition can be prepared by a conventionally known method, except that the component (A), the component (B), the component (C), and if necessary, other components are used.
- each component may be mixed and prepared at the same time, or a masterbatch in which the component (B), the component (C), etc. are appropriately dispersed in the component (A) in advance is prepared, and prepared using this. You may.
- the temperature in the system rises due to shearing heat generated by kneading, it is preferable to adjust the kneading speed or cool the kneading pot with water so as not to raise the temperature during kneading.
- Examples of the kneading apparatus include a mill, an attritor, a planetary mixer, a dissolver, a three-roller, a kneader, a universal stirrer, a homogenizer, a homodispenser, a ball mill, and a bead mill. Two or more kneading apparatuses may be used in combination.
- the reinforcing fiber constituting the reinforcing fiber base material various ones can be adopted according to the use and purpose of the molding material, and carbon fiber (including graphite fiber; the same applies hereinafter), aramid fiber, silicon carbide Fiber, alumina fiber, boron fiber, tungsten carbide fiber, glass fiber and the like. From the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material, carbon fibers and glass fibers are preferable, and carbon fibers are particularly preferable. As the carbon fiber, a high-strength carbon fiber having a tensile elongation of 1.5% or more is preferable from the viewpoint of developing the strength of the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the form of the reinforcing fiber base is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a sheet-like form in which continuous fibers are aligned in one direction, or a short fiber (bundle) in which continuous fibers are cut to a certain length. And the like.
- the form of the reinforcing fiber base is a sheet-like form in which continuous fibers are aligned in one direction; a form in which a continuous fiber is formed into a woven fabric; and a tow is aligned in one direction.
- the form of the reinforcing fiber base is a sheet-like form in which continuous fibers are aligned in one direction; a form in which continuous fibers are formed into a woven fabric; and a tow is drawn in one direction.
- auxiliary yarns Aligned and held by wefts (auxiliary yarns); multiple reinforced fiber sheets in which continuous fibers are aligned in one direction, stacked in different fiber directions and fastened with auxiliary yarns to form a multi-axial warp knit Is preferred. From the viewpoint of the strength development of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material, a sheet-like form in which continuous fibers are aligned in one direction is more preferable.
- a resin composition is formed during molding so that the reinforcing fibers can be maintained in a uniform direction after molding. Often things do not flow much. In this case, since the internal release agent hardly comes out between the mold and the matrix resin composition, it is necessary to bleed out the prepreg surface in advance in a prepreg state. In the present invention, since the epoxy resin composition containing the component (C) is used, the component (C) bleeds out before molding, and the releasability during molding is improved.
- the basis weight of the reinforcing fiber base material can be freely set according to the intended use (use) of the fiber reinforced composite material, and is practically preferably 50 g / m 2 or more and 2000 g / m 2 or less. Is in terms easily obtained good prepreg impregnating the epoxy resin composition, basis weight of the reinforcing fiber base material, 50 g / m 2 or more, 600 g / m 2 or less, more preferably, 50 g / m 2 or more, 300 g / m 2 The following are more preferred.
- the molding material of the present invention can be produced by impregnating the above-mentioned epoxy resin composition into a reinforcing fiber base by a known method. For example, a predetermined amount of an epoxy resin composition is applied to the surface of a release paper or the like, and after supplying a reinforcing fiber base material to the surface, the reinforcing fiber base material is impregnated with the epoxy resin composition by passing through a pressing roll. Thus, a molding material is obtained.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is a cured product of the molding material of the present invention. By heating and pressing the molding material of the present invention to cure it, a fiber-reinforced composite material can be produced.
- Examples of a method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material using the molding material of the present invention include methods such as autoclave molding, vacuum bag molding, and press molding. Among these, the molding material of the present invention is press-formed (heat and pressure) from the viewpoint that a high-quality, high-quality fiber-reinforced composite material is obtained by utilizing the characteristics of the epoxy resin composition used for the molding material of the present invention. Molding) to produce a fiber reinforced composite material.
- a prepreg as a molding material of the present invention, or a preform preformed using a prepreg laminate obtained by laminating a prepreg is sandwiched in a mold adjusted to a molding temperature in advance. It is preferable to include a step of heating and pressurizing.
- the molding temperature (temperature in the mold) at the time of press molding is preferably 100 to 150 ° C, more preferably 130 to 150 ° C.
- the molding temperature is within the above range, a reinforced fiber composite material having high storage stability and high dimensional stability can be obtained.
- the molding material or a preform thereof is heated under the conditions of the molding temperature and the pressure of 1 to 15 MPa for 1 to 20 minutes to cure the epoxy resin composition.
- the molding time is preferably 10 minutes or less, and more preferably 5 minutes or less. If the molding time is equal to or less than the upper limit, the molding cycle becomes longer.
- the glass transition temperature of the cured fiber-reinforced composite material particularly, the temperature at which the storage rigidity (G ′) starts to decrease is determined. It is preferable that G′-Tg is higher than the temperature in the mold at the time of molding. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the deformation of the fiber-reinforced composite material when the fiber-reinforced composite material is taken out of the mold after press molding.
- G′-Tg is obtained by measuring the storage rigidity (G ′) obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement using a rheometer at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz and a heating rate of 5 ° C./min. Is plotted against temperature, and is the temperature at the intersection of the approximate straight line of the flat region of logG 'and the approximate straight line of the region where logG' sharply decreases, and is the glass transition obtained by the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the cured product. Temperature.
- Uses of the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained by using the molding material of the present invention are not particularly limited, for aircraft, vehicles such as automobiles, structural materials for ships, structural materials such as buildings, golf shafts, fishing rods, Sports goods such as tennis rackets, and general industrial goods such as windmills and rolls are included.
- the reinforcing resin base material is impregnated with the epoxy resin composition containing the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C). Therefore, the component (A) having high adhesiveness to the mold: despite containing the epoxy resin, the film floating is suppressed, and excellent release properties of the release paper and the mold of the fiber-reinforced composite material are obtained. From the mold.
- the molding material of the present invention is used, the cured product of the fiber-reinforced composite material has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and the surface appearance of the fiber-reinforced composite material is not impaired.
- jER828 bisphenol A type epoxy resin (product name "jER828", epoxy equivalent 189, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
- YD-952 an oxazolidone ring-containing epoxy resin (product name "YD-952”, epoxy equivalent 336, manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- N-740 phenol novolak type epoxy resin (product name "N-740", epoxy equivalent 182, manufactured by DIC).
- Component (B)) 1400F Dicyandiamide (product name “Dicyanex 1400F", manufactured by Air Products).
- 2MZA-PW 2,4-diamino-6- (2′-methylimidazolyl- (1 ′))-ethyl-s-triazine (product name “Cureazole (registered trademark) 2MZA-PW”, manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals).
- 430V polyoxyethylene (30) sorbitol tetraolate (product name "Reodol 430V”, manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: -7 ° C, average number of ester sites of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid): 4.0).
- 440V polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol tetraolate (product name "Reodol 440V", manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: 2 ° C, average number of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) ester sites: 4.0).
- TW-O320V Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan triolate (product name “Reodol TW-O320V", manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: -20 ° C, average number of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) ester sites: 3.0) ).
- PE-MO Pentaerythritol monooleate (product name “Exepearl (registered trademark); PE-MO”), manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: ⁇ 29 ° C., average number of ester sites of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid): 1.0).
- DAO-7S polyglycerin fatty acid ester (product name "DAO-7S", manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., melting point: 25 ° C. or less (liquid at 25 ° C.), average number of ester sites of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid): 10.0).
- Butyl oleate butyl oleate (product name "butyl oleate”, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., melting point: -55 ° C, average number of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) ester sites: 1.0).
- TW-S320V polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (product name “Reodol TW-S320V”, manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: 33 ° C.).
- PE-MS-P pentaerythritol monostearate (product name “Exepearl PE-MS-P”, manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: 52 ° C.).
- O-95R oleic acid monoglyceride (product name “EXCEL (registered trademark) O-95R”, manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting point: 41 ° C., average number of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) ester sites: 1.0).
- the melting points of BYK-P9912 and PE-MO were measured using a DSC device (Q1000, manufactured by TA Instruments).
- the test substance was weighed into a standard aluminum hermetic pan of the apparatus, and the sample was prepared by covering with a standard aluminum lid of the apparatus.
- the temperature was raised from 30 ° C. to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./min to obtain a DSC exothermic curve.
- the temperature corresponding to the intersection of the tangent line of the inflection point and the baseline on the endothermic start side was defined as the melting point.
- the melting points of component (C) and other internal release agents other than BYK-P9912 and PE-MO are catalog values.
- Carbon fiber bundle X-1 (Reinforced fiber) Carbon fiber bundle X-1: Product name "TR 50S15L", manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, tensile strength: 4.9 GPa, tensile modulus 235 GPa, tensile elongation 2.09%, number of filaments: 15,000, weight per unit: 1.00 g / M 2 .
- Example 1 1400F and 2MZA-PW as the component (B) and jER828 as the component (A) were mixed at a mass ratio of 2: 5: 10 and kneaded with three rolls to obtain a curing agent master batch. Then, a mixture of component (A) jER828, YD-952 and N-740 was dissolved at 100 ° C. at 60 ° C. so as to obtain the composition shown in Table 2, and the curing agent masterbatch and BYK-P9912 were dissolved at 60 ° C. Was added and kneaded using a three-one motor to obtain an epoxy resin composition.
- the resulting epoxy resin composition was applied on release paper at 60 ° C. using a multicoater (Mr-500, manufactured by Hirano Techseed) to obtain two resin films.
- the carbon fiber bundle X-1 is wrapped around the resin-coated surface of one resin film by a drum wind, and another resin film is stacked to sandwich the carbon fiber bundle X-1.
- X-1 was impregnated.
- the release paper of the resin film on one side was peeled off, and a polyethylene film (protective film) was adhered to obtain a one-way prepreg.
- the basis weight of the carbon fiber bundle in the obtained one-way prepreg was 250 g / m 2 , and the resin content was 30.0% by mass.
- the obtained one-way prepreg is cut into a size of 298 mm (in a direction parallel to the fiber) ⁇ 298 mm (in a direction perpendicular to the fiber), and the release paper and the protective film are peeled off so that the fiber directions of the one-way prepreg vertically adjacent to each other are orthogonal.
- Examples 2 to 12 Comparative Examples 1 to 3
- An epoxy resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition was changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2, and a one-way prepreg was prepared. Further, a prepreg laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the epoxy resin composition and the unidirectional prepreg of each example were evaluated by the following methods.
- (Releaseability of epoxy resin composition) 15 mg of the epoxy resin composition was placed at each of five locations on an aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and was placed in an oven at 140 ° C. for 5 minutes to be cured. Before taking out from the oven, the cured product was flipped with a toothpick and the number of cured products peeled from the aluminum plate was counted and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- B The number of peeled cured products is 3 or 4.
- C The number of peeled cured products is 2 or less.
- Peeling of the polyethylene film on the surface when the unidirectional prepreg was cut into a size of 298 mm (direction parallel to the fiber) ⁇ 298 mm (direction perpendicular to the fiber) was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- C When cut, the polyethylene film on the prepreg surface was completely peeled off.
- the peelability of the release paper when laminating the unidirectional prepregs was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the epoxy resin composition of each example and the evaluation results.
- the releasability of the cured product of the epoxy resin composition and the unidirectional prepreg At least one of the release properties of the release paper from the mold and the release properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material from the mold was poor.
- the molding material of the present invention it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced composite material that can suppress film floating, has excellent release paper releasability, and has excellent removability from a mold.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The fiber reinforced composite material of this invention can suppress a film floating, is excellent in release paper release property, and is excellent in mold release property from a metal mold
- the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced composite material that can suppress film floating, has excellent release properties of release paper, and has excellent removability from a mold.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年10月1日に、日本で出願された特願2018-186769号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、従来のプリプレグでは、製造工程で使用される工程紙(離型紙)を成形作業時に剥がす際、離型紙が剥がしづらく、手間や時間がかかることがある。フィルム浮きと離型紙剥離性は相反する性能であり、これらの両立は困難である。
[1]成分(A):エポキシ樹脂と、
成分(B):エポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、
成分(C):融点又は流動点が25℃以下である不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物と、
を含むエポキシ樹脂組成物が、強化繊維基材に含浸されている成形材料。
[2]前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物がオレイン酸エステル化合物である、[1]に記載の成形材料。
[3]前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物の1分子当たりの不飽和脂肪酸のエステル部位の平均数が2.0以上である、[1]又は[2]に記載の成形材料。
[4]前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物の1分子当たりの不飽和脂肪酸のエステル部位の平均数が3.0以上である、[3]に記載の成形材料。
[5]前記成分(A)の100質量部に対する、前記成分(C)の含有量が0.05~5質量部である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の成形材料。
[6]前記成分(C)が内部離型剤である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の成形材料。
[7]前記強化繊維基材に含まれる強化繊維が連続繊維である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の成形材料。
[8]前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が140℃で7分以内に硬化する、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の成形材料。
[9][1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の成形材料の硬化物である、繊維強化複合材料。
[10][1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の成形材料をプレス成形する、繊維強化複合材料の製造方法。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、フィルム浮きを抑制でき、離型紙剥離性に優れ、また金型からの脱型性に優れる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料の製造方法によれば、フィルム浮きを抑制でき、離型紙剥離性に優れ、また金型からの脱型性に優れた繊維強化複合材料を製造できる。
「エポキシ樹脂」は、分子中にエポキシ基を1つ以上有する化合物である。単官能エポキシ樹脂はエポキシ基が1つの化合物、二官能エポキシ樹脂はエポキシ基が2つの化合物、三官能エポキシ樹脂はエポキシ基が3つの化合物、四官能エポキシ樹脂はエポキシ基が4つの化合物である。
「融点」又は「流動点」はカタログ値を採用できる。カタログ値が記載されていない場合は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)によるDSC発熱曲線上の融点に起因する最も低温側のピークにおいて、吸熱開始側におけるベースラインと変曲点の接線との交点に対応する温度とする。
「強化繊維基材」は、強化繊維の集合体である。強化繊維基材としては、具体的には、強化繊維束、チョップド強化繊維束が二次元ランダムに積み重なったシート状物等が挙げられる。
数値範囲を示す「~」は、その前後に記載された数値を下限値及び上限値として含むことを意味する。
本発明の成形材料は、後述のエポキシ樹脂組成物が強化繊維基材に含浸された成形材料である。なお、本発明の成形材料において、エポキシ樹脂組成物とは、本発明の成形材料に含まれる強化繊維基材以外の成分をいう。
エポキシ樹脂組成物は、成分(A)、成分(B)、及び成分(C)を含む。
本発明の成形材料に含有されるエポキシ樹脂組成物は、繊維強化複合材料の製造に用いられる中間材料である成形材料のマトリクス樹脂組成物であり、特にプリプレグ用のマトリクス樹脂組成物として好適である。
本発明の成形材料に含有されるエポキシ樹脂組成物は、140℃で7分以内に硬化することが好ましく、140℃で5分以内に硬化することがより好ましい。
エポキシ樹脂としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールS型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールAD型エポキシ樹脂、ナフタレン骨格を有するエポキシ樹脂、イソシアネート変性したオキサゾリドン環を有するエポキシ樹脂、レゾルシン型エポキシ樹脂、ハイドロキノン型エポキシ樹脂、カテコール型エポキシ樹脂、ジヒドロキシナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂等の液状エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、テトラメチルビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾール型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、トリフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂、テトラフェニルエタン型エポキシ樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン-フェノール付加反応型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトール-フェノール共縮ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトール-クレゾール共縮ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、芳香族炭化水素ホルムアルデヒド樹脂変性フェノール樹脂型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニル変性ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、テトラブロモビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ブロム化フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン変性型エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
繊維強化複合材料の耐熱性及び耐薬品性が良好である点からは、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂がより好ましい。また、同程度の分子量を有するビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂よりも粘度が低く、繊維強化複合材料の弾性率が高い点からは、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂がより好ましい。
三菱ケミカル社製のjER(登録商標。以下同様。)の825、827、828、828EL、828US、828XA、806、806H、807、1750、YL6810、DIC社製のEPICLON(登録商標)の840、840-S、850、850-S、EXA-850CRP、850-LC、830、830-S、835、EXA-830CRP、EXA-830LVP、EXA-835LV、新日鉄住金化学社製のエポトート(登録商標)のYD-127、YD-128、YD-128G、YD-128S、YD-128CA、YDF-170、日本化薬社製のRE-303S-L、RE-310S、GAN、GOT等。
三菱ケミカル社製のjERの152、604、630、630LSD、新日鉄住金化学社製のYH-434、YH434L、住友化学工業社製のスミエポキシ(登録商標)のELM434、ELM100、ELM120、三菱ガス化学社製のTETRAD-X等。
成分(A)としては、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合せて用いてもよい。
成分(B)は、本発明の成形材料を用いて製造した繊維強化複合材料(硬化物)の機械的特性(曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率)、貯蔵安定性、硬化の温度や時間に影響を与える。
成分(B)の形態は、マイクロカプセル型、変性等の様々な形態を採用し得る。
成分(B)としては、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合せて用いてもよい。
ジシアンジアミドの誘導体は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ジシアンジアミドの誘導体は、ジシアンジアミドと併用してもよい。
ジシアンジアミド及びその誘導体の中でも、反応性の点から、ジシアンジアミドが好ましい。
また、イミダゾール化合物としては、エポキシ樹脂組成物中での室温における保存安定性が高く、硬化速度が速いことから、トリアジン環を分子内に有するイミダゾール化合物が好ましい。具体的には、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2-(2-メチル-1-イミダゾリル)]エチル-s-トリアジン等が挙げられる。
成分(B)としては、ジシアンジアミドを含有することが好ましく、ジシアンジアミドと25℃で固体のイミダゾール化合物を併用することがより好ましい。ジシアンジアミドで硬化させた硬化物は強化繊維への接着性に優れる。また、イミダゾール化合物で硬化させた硬化物は耐熱性に優れる。
成分(C)は、本発明の成形材料を加熱加圧成形することで得られる繊維強化複合材料の金型からの脱型性を向上させる成分であり、成分(C)は内部離型剤としての機能を有する。
不飽和脂肪酸としては、1つ以上の不飽和結合を有する炭素数5~40のアルケニル基を有する不飽和脂肪酸が好ましく、1つ以上の不飽和結合を有する炭素数10~30のアルケニル基を有する不飽和脂肪酸がより好ましく、1つ以上の不飽和結合を有する炭素数12~20のアルケニル基を有する不飽和脂肪酸がさらに好ましい。不飽和脂肪酸におけるアルケニル基の炭素数が5以上、より好ましくは10以上、さらに好ましくは12以上であれば、優れた脱型性が得られやすい。不飽和脂肪酸における不飽和結合を有するアルキル基の炭素数が40以下、より好ましくは30以下、さらに好ましくは20以下であれば、融点又は流動点が25℃以下になり、室温でもエポキシ樹脂組成物の表面にブリードアウトしやすくなる。
不飽和脂肪酸としては、オレイン酸が特に好ましい。すなわち、不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物としては、オレイン酸エステル化合物が特に好ましい。
多価アルコールとしては、グリセリン、ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトール、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ペンタエリスリトール、ポリオキシエチレンビスフェノールAが好ましい。
なお、前記の不飽和脂肪酸のエステル部位の平均数は、1種の不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物を単独で用いる場合は当該不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物が有するエステル部位の数であり、2種以上の不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物の混合物の場合は分析により求められる。例えば、不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物のNMR測定によりプロトンの数を比較することで算出できる。また、不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物を加水分解して不飽和脂肪酸と脂肪族アルコール若しくは多価アルコールに分解した後に分析することもできる。
他の成分としては、例えば、硬化促進剤、無機質充填材、有機顔料、無機顔料等が挙げられる。
なお、エポキシ樹脂組成物の粘度は、レオメーターにより、以下の条件で測定される値である。
使用プレート:25φパラレルプレート
プレートギャップ:0.5mm
測定周波数:10rad/秒
応力:300Pa
強化繊維基材を構成する強化繊維としては、成形材料の用途や使用目的に応じて様々なものを採用することができ、炭素繊維(黒鉛繊維を含む。以下同様。)、アラミド繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、アルミナ繊維、ボロン繊維、タングステンカーバイド繊維、ガラス繊維等が挙げられる。繊維強化複合材料の機械的特性の点から、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維が好ましく、炭素繊維が特に好ましい。
炭素繊維としては、繊維強化複合材料の強度発現の点では、引張伸度1.5%以上の高強度炭素繊維が好ましい。
例えば成形材料がプリプレグである場合は、強化繊維基材の形態は、連続繊維を一方向に引き揃えたシート状の形態;連続繊維を経緯にして織物とした形態;トウを一方向に引き揃えて横糸(補助糸)で保持した形態;連続繊維を一方向に引き揃えた強化繊維のシートを複数枚、繊維方向が互いに異なるように重ねて補助糸で留め、マルチアキシャルワープニットとした形態;又は不織布等が挙げられる。なかでもプリプレグの製造が容易な点から、強化繊維基材の形態は、連続繊維を一方向に引き揃えたシート状の形態;連続繊維を経緯にして織物とした形態;トウを一方向に引き揃えて横糸(補助糸)で保持した形態;連続繊維を一方向に引き揃えた強化繊維のシートを複数枚、繊維方向が互いに異なるように重ねて補助糸で留め、マルチアキシャルワープニットとした形態が好ましい。得られる繊維強化複合材料の強度発現の点からは、連続繊維を一方向に引き揃えたシート状の形態がさらに好ましい。
本発明の成形材料は、前記したエポキシ樹脂組成物を、公知の方法で強化繊維基材に含浸させることにより製造することができる。
例えば、離型紙等の表面に所定量のエポキシ樹脂組成物を塗工し、その表面に強化繊維基材を供給した後、押圧ロールを通過させて強化繊維基材にエポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させることで成形材料が得られる。また、強化繊維基材に所定量のエポキシ樹脂組成物を塗工した後、必要に応じて強化繊維基材を離型紙等で挟み、押圧ロールを通過させて強化繊維基材にエポキシ樹脂組成物を含浸させることで成形材料が得られる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、本発明の成形材料の硬化物である。本発明の成形材料を加熱加圧し硬化させることにより、繊維強化複合材料を製造することができる。
本発明の成形材料を用いて繊維強化複合材料を製造する方法としては、オートクレーブ成形、真空バッグ成形、プレス成形等の方法が挙げられる。このうち、本発明の成形材料に用いられるエポキシ樹脂組成物の特徴を活かして、生産性が高く、良質な繊維強化複合材料が得られる点から、本発明の成形材料をプレス成形(加熱加圧成形)して繊維強化複合材料を製造することが好ましい。プレス成形で繊維強化複合材料を製造する場合、本発明の成形材料としてプリプレグ、又はプリプレグを積層したプリプレグ積層体を用いて予備賦形したプリフォームを、予め成形温度に調整した金型に挟んで加熱加圧する工程を含むことが好ましい。
本実施例で使用した各成分を以下に示す。
jER828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(製品名「jER 828」、エポキシ当量189、三菱ケミカル社製)。
YD-952:オキサゾリドン環含有エポキシ樹脂(製品名「YD-952」、エポキシ当量336、新日鉄住金化学社製)。
N-740:フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(製品名「N-740」、エポキシ当量182、DIC社製)。
1400F:ジシアンジアミド(製品名「Dicyanex 1400F」、エアプロダクツ社製)。
2MZA-PW:2,4-ジアミノ-6-(2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’))-エチル-s-トリアジン(製品名「キュアゾール(登録商標)2MZA-PW」、四国化成社製)。
BYK(登録商標。以下同様。)-P9912:製品名「BYK-P9912」、ビックケミー・ジャパン社製、融点:-27℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:2.2)。
SP-O30V:ソルビタントリオレート(製品名「レオドール(登録商標。以下同様。)SP-O30V」、花王社製、融点:-23℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:3.0)。
430V:ポリオキシエチレン(30)ソルビトールテトラオレート(製品名「レオドール430V」、花王社製、融点:-7℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:4.0)。
440V:ポリオキシエチレン(40)ソルビトールテトラオレート(製品名「レオドール440V」、花王社製、融点:2℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:4.0)。
TW-O320V:ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタントリオレート(製品名「レオドールTW-O320V」、花王社製、融点:-20℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:3.0)。
PE-MO:ペンタエリスリトールモノオレート(製品名「エキセパール(登録商標。以下同様。)PE-MO」、花王社製、融点:-29℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:1.0)。
DAO-7S:ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(製品名「DAO-7S」、阪本薬品工業株式会社製、融点:25℃以下(25℃で液状)、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:10.0)。
オレイン酸ブチル:オレイン酸ブチル(製品名「オレイン酸ブチル」、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、融点:-55℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:1.0)。
TW-S320V:ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタントリステアレート(製品名「レオドールTW-S320V」、花王社製、融点:33℃)。
PE-MS-P:ペンタエリスリトールモノステアレート(製品名「エキセパールPE-MS-P」、花王社製、融点:52℃)。
O-95R:オレイン酸モノグリセライド(製品名「エキセル(登録商標)O-95R」、花王社製、融点:41℃、不飽和脂肪酸(オレイン酸)のエステル部位の平均数:1.0)。
被験物質を装置標準のアルミニウムハーメチックパンに秤量し、装置標準のアルミニウムリッドで蓋をして試料を作製した。30℃から300℃まで10℃/分で昇温してDSC発熱曲線を得た。DSC発熱曲線上の融点に起因する最も低温側のピークにおいて、吸熱開始側におけるベースラインと変曲点の接線との交点に対応する温度を融点とした。
BYK-P9912及びPE-MO以外の成分(C)及び他の内部離型剤の融点はカタログ値である。
炭素繊維束X-1:製品名「TR 50S15L」、三菱ケミカル社製、引張強度:4.9GPa、引張弾性率235GPa、引張伸度2.09%、フィラメント数:15000本、目付:1.00g/m2。
成分(B)である1400F及び2MZA-PWと成分(A)であるjER828を質量比2:5:10で混合し、三本ロールで混練し、硬化剤マスターバッチを得た。次いで、表2に示す組成となるように、成分(A)であるjER828、YD-952及びN-740の混合物を100℃で溶解したものに、60℃で前記硬化剤マスターバッチ及びBYK-P9912を加え、スリーワンモーターを用いて混練し、エポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。
金型の表面を洗浄した後、140℃に加熱した金型内にプリプレグ積層体を配置し、プリプレグ積層体にかかる面圧4MPa、成形温度140℃、成形時間5分間の条件でプレス成形を行って平板状の繊維強化複合材料を得た。
組成を表1、及び表2に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製し、一方向プリプレグを作製した。また、実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体を作製し、繊維強化複合材料を得た。
各例のエポキシ樹脂組成物及び一方向プリプレグについて、以下の方法により評価した。
(エポキシ樹脂組成物の離型性)
厚さ0.5mmのアルミ板上の5か所にエポキシ樹脂組成物を15mgずつ置き、140℃のオーブンに5分間入れて硬化させた。オーブンから取り出す前に硬化物を爪楊枝ではじき、アルミ板から剥がれた硬化物の個数を数え、以下の基準で評価した。
A:剥がれた硬化物の数が5個。
B:剥がれた硬化物の数が3個又は4個。
C:剥がれた硬化物の数が2個以下。
一方向プリプレグを、298mm(繊維と平行方向)×298mm(繊維と直交方向)の寸法にカットする際の表面のポリエチレンフィルムの剥がれについて、下記基準で評価した。
A:カットした際に、プリプレグ表面のポリエチレンフィルムが剥がれなかった。
B:カットした際に、プリプレグ表面のポリエチレンフィルムが、端部の一部で剥がれた。
C:カットした際に、プリプレグ表面のポリエチレンフィルムが、全体的に剥がれた。
一方向プリプレグを積層する際の離型紙の剥離性について、下記基準で評価した。
A:離型紙をプリプレグから容易に剥がすことが出来た。
B:ピンセットで離型紙を挟み、離型紙をプリプレグから剥がした。
各例において、繊維強化複合材料を金型から取り出す際、繊維強化複合材料の表面に吸盤(ヤマオカエンタープライズ社製、吸盤2フィンガー)を密着させ、垂直方向に人力で引き上げて脱型した。吸盤で脱型できない場合は、油圧エジェクターピンで押し上げて脱型した。脱型性について下記基準で評価した。
A:吸盤で容易に脱型できた。
B:吸盤で脱型できず、油圧エジェクターピンで脱型した。
一方、成分(C)に代えて、融点又は流動点が25℃より高い内部離型剤を用いた比較例1及び比較例2では、エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物の離型性、一方向プリプレグからの離型紙の剥離性、及び繊維強化複合材料の金型からの脱型性のうち1つ以上が劣っていた。
一方、成分(C)に代えて、融点又は流動点が25℃より高い内部離型剤を用いた比較例3では、エポキシ樹脂組成物の離型性及び一方向プリプレグからの離型紙の剥離性に劣っていた。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、フィルム浮きを抑制でき、離型紙剥離性に優れ、また金型からの脱型性に優れる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料の製造方法によれば、フィルム浮きを抑制でき、離型紙剥離性に優れ、また金型からの脱型性に優れた繊維強化複合材料を製造できる。
Claims (10)
- 成分(A):エポキシ樹脂と、
成分(B):エポキシ樹脂硬化剤と、
成分(C):融点又は流動点が25℃以下である不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物と、
を含むエポキシ樹脂組成物が、強化繊維基材に含浸されている成形材料。 - 前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物がオレイン酸エステル化合物である、請求項1に記載の成形材料。
- 前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物の1分子当たりの不飽和脂肪酸のエステル部位の平均数が2.0以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の成形材料。
- 前記不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物の1分子当たりの不飽和脂肪酸のエステル部位の平均数が3.0以上である、請求項3に記載の成形材料。
- 前記成分(A)の100質量部に対する、前記成分(C)の含有量が0.05~5質量部である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料。
- 前記成分(C)が内部離型剤である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料。
- 前記強化繊維基材に含まれる強化繊維が連続繊維である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が140℃で7分以内に硬化する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料の硬化物である、繊維強化複合材料。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の成形材料をプレス成形する、繊維強化複合材料の製造方法。
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| JP2010265371A (ja) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-25 | Toray Ind Inc | エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
| US20160152822A1 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2016-06-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | 1k thermoset epoxy composition |
| TWI591109B (zh) | 2015-06-11 | 2017-07-11 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Epoxy resin composition, molded article, prepreg, fiber reinforced Composites and structures |
| JP6657605B2 (ja) | 2015-06-11 | 2020-03-04 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物、成形品、プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材料および構造体 |
| JP6679849B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-01 | 2020-04-15 | 味の素株式会社 | 樹脂組成物 |
| CN106398119B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-11-09 | 四川国能高科生物树脂有限公司 | 一种纤维增强的生物树脂胶复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN108264727A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂组合物和环氧树脂混合物及其制备方法以及环氧树脂预浸料和复合材料 |
| JP2018186769A (ja) | 2017-05-09 | 2018-11-29 | 日建リース工業株式会社 | ジョイント部材及び骨組構造 |
| WO2018216524A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 成形材料、および繊維強化複合材料 |
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| EP3862383B1 (en) | 2025-07-30 |
| US12060466B2 (en) | 2024-08-13 |
| US20210214511A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| JP6809617B2 (ja) | 2021-01-06 |
| CN112805320A (zh) | 2021-05-14 |
| JP2021055103A (ja) | 2021-04-08 |
| JP7167976B2 (ja) | 2022-11-09 |
| JPWO2020071170A1 (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
| EP3862383A4 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
| EP3862383A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
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