WO2016006553A1 - Cmp用研磨液及び研磨方法 - Google Patents
Cmp用研磨液及び研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016006553A1 WO2016006553A1 PCT/JP2015/069297 JP2015069297W WO2016006553A1 WO 2016006553 A1 WO2016006553 A1 WO 2016006553A1 JP 2015069297 W JP2015069297 W JP 2015069297W WO 2016006553 A1 WO2016006553 A1 WO 2016006553A1
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- polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/042—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor
- B24B37/044—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor characterised by the composition of the lapping agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
- B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/04—Aqueous dispersions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/06—Other polishing compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
- C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
- C09K13/06—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid with organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
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- H10P52/00—
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- H10P52/402—
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- H10P52/403—
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- H10P95/062—
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- H10W10/0143—
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- H10W10/17—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polishing liquid for CMP and a polishing method.
- the present invention relates to a CMP polishing liquid used for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, and a polishing method using the CMP polishing liquid.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the CMP technique is a technique for flattening the surface of a thin film formed on a substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or the like. For example, in order to ensure the depth of focus of lithography, processing by CMP is indispensable.
- a shallow trench isolation (STI) forming process for forming an element isolation region by polishing an insulating material such as BPSG, HDP-SiO 2 , p-TEOS, etc.
- the present invention is applied to an ILD formation process for forming (ILD), a plug formation process for flattening a plug (Al plug, Cu plug, etc.) after embedding an insulating material in a metal wiring, a damascene process for forming a metal embedded wiring, and the like.
- the surface of the insulating material is planarized by CMP using a polishing liquid for CMP.
- the insulating material is formed thicker than in the STI formation process. Thereafter, the surface of the insulating material is CMPed using a CMP polishing liquid to planarize the surface.
- polishing liquids used in the STI formation process or the ILD formation process are known as polishing liquids used in the STI formation process or the ILD formation process.
- Such polishing liquids are classified into silica-based polishing liquids, ceria (cerium oxide) -based polishing liquids, alumina-based polishing liquids, and the like according to the type of abrasive grains contained in the polishing liquid.
- Patent Document 1 describes a semiconductor polishing liquid using high-purity cerium oxide abrasive grains.
- Patent Document 2 describes a polishing liquid containing ceria particles having at least two crystallites and having crystal grain boundaries.
- Patent Document 3 listed below describes a technique of adding a polymer additive in order to control the polishing rate of a ceria-based polishing liquid and improve global flatness.
- any of the ceria-based polishing liquids uses fired ceria particles obtained by firing a cerium compound as abrasive grains.
- polishing liquids using colloidal ceria (colloidal ceria) particles such as the polishing liquids of Patent Documents 4 and 5 below, are also known.
- JP-A-10-106994 International Publication No. 99/31195 Japanese Patent No. 3278532 International Publication No. 2008/043703 International Publication No. 2010/036358
- the surface of the insulating material is uneven according to the uneven shape of the substrate surface before the insulating material is formed.
- the concave portion can be removed slowly while preferentially removing the convex portion with respect to the surface having irregularities, the surface can be planarized efficiently.
- the STI When the STI is adopted to cope with the narrowing of the element isolation region, for example, an unnecessary portion of the insulating material formed on the substrate (particularly the convex portion) is used for the CMP polishing liquid used in the CMP process. ) Is removed at a polishing rate as high as possible. In addition to this, it is required that the surface after polishing is finished to a flat surface. These requirements are also required in the ILD formation process.
- the polishing slurry for CMP that efficiently exhibits both of the above characteristics has a high polishing rate for the convex portions and a polishing rate ratio between the convex portions and the concave portions when polishing an insulating material having irregularities on the surface.
- the polishing liquid has a large (ratio of the polishing speed of the convex portion to the polishing speed of the concave portion) (that is, a polishing liquid that is excellent in the step elimination characteristics).
- the polishing rate ratio between the convex part and the concave part is large, it is considered that the polishing speed becomes slower and the finish becomes flatter as the convex part is selectively polished and the unevenness of the surface to be polished becomes smaller.
- the polishing rate ratio between the convex portion and the concave portion when polishing the insulating material having irregularities on the surface is the ratio of the polishing rate of the convex portion of the insulating material having irregularities to the polishing rate of the insulating material not having irregularities.
- the polishing rate ratio between the convex part and the concave part it is necessary to improve the ratio of the polishing rate of the convex part of the insulating material having irregularities to the polishing rate of the insulating material having no irregularities. For example, it is necessary to improve the polishing rate of the convex portion of the pattern wafer with respect to the polishing rate of the blanket wafer.
- step elimination characteristics it is not easy to improve the step elimination characteristics.
- high-precision processing is required, and surface irregularities are required to be flatter.
- further improvement in the step elimination characteristics is required.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies on the abrasive grains and additives to be blended in the CMP polishing liquid.
- the present inventors prepared a large number of polishing liquids using abrasive grains having various shapes and various organic compounds as additives.
- the polishing characteristics were evaluated by polishing the insulating material using these polishing liquids.
- the present inventors obtained a polishing liquid having excellent step-relieving properties for insulating materials having irregularities by using abrasive grains having a specific shape and compounds having a specific chemical structure as additives. I found out that
- the first embodiment of the polishing slurry for CMP according to the present invention comprises cerium oxide particles satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B), a 4-pyrone compound represented by the following general formula (1), water, , A CMP polishing liquid for polishing an insulating material.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 given by the surface area S2 is 3.15 or less.
- X 11 , X 12 and X 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to the first embodiment it is possible to obtain excellent level difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having irregularities, and when polishing an insulating material having irregularities on the surface, the convex portions are high. A polishing rate and a large polishing rate ratio between convex portions and concave portions can be obtained.
- Such a polishing slurry for CMP is suitable for polishing an insulating material having irregularities, and can efficiently eliminate irregularities (steps) of the insulating material having irregularities. Further, according to the polishing slurry for CMP according to the first embodiment, an insulating material having no irregularities can be polished at a good polishing rate.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to the first embodiment has an advantage that even a semiconductor material in which it is relatively difficult to obtain a high polishing rate with the conventional polishing liquid can be polished at high speed.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the first embodiment is excellent even when polishing an insulating material on a surface having a T-shaped or lattice-shaped concave or convex portion, such as a semiconductor substrate having a memory cell. The polishing characteristics can be exhibited.
- the present inventor presumes as follows.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 is small to some extent, it means that the shape of the particle is close to a perfect sphere (true sphere).
- the number of particles that can contact the surface to be polished increases with particles having a small sphericity compared to particles that are not nearly spherical. That is, it is presumed that the number of chemical bonds between the abrasive grains and the surface of the insulating material increases.
- the polishing of the insulating material is adjusted using a stopper (a polishing stop layer including a stopper material) disposed on the convex portion of the substrate.
- a stopper a polishing stop layer including a stopper material
- the stopper material has a high stop property with respect to the insulating material (the polishing speed of the insulating material relative to the polishing speed of the stopper material). Ratio) is required.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies on the abrasive grains and additives to be blended in the CMP polishing liquid.
- the present inventors prepared a large number of polishing liquids using abrasive grains having various shapes and various organic compounds as additives.
- the polishing characteristics were evaluated by polishing the insulating material and the stopper material using these polishing liquids.
- the present inventors are excellent in the step-resolving property for the insulating material having irregularities and excellent in the stopper property of the stopper material by using abrasive grains having a specific shape and specific compounds as additives. It has been found that a polishing liquid can be obtained.
- the second embodiment of the polishing slurry for CMP according to the present invention comprises cerium oxide particles satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B), a 4-pyrone compound represented by the following general formula (1), and an aromatic ring: And a polishing liquid for CMP for polishing an insulating material, comprising a polymer compound having a polyoxyalkylene chain, a cationic polymer, and water.
- Condition (A) The average particle diameter R of the cerium oxide particles is 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 given by the surface area S2 is 3.15 or less.
- X 11 , X 12 and X 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- polishing slurry for CMP it is possible to obtain excellent level difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having irregularities, and when polishing an insulating material having irregularities on the surface, the convex portions are high. A polishing rate and a large polishing rate ratio between convex portions and concave portions can be obtained.
- Such a polishing slurry for CMP is suitable for polishing an insulating material having irregularities, and can efficiently eliminate irregularities (steps) of the insulating material having irregularities.
- an insulating material having no irregularities can be polished at a good polishing rate.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to the second embodiment has an advantage that even a semiconductor material that is relatively difficult to obtain with a conventional polishing liquid can be polished at high speed.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the second embodiment is excellent even when polishing an insulating material on a surface having a T-shaped or lattice-shaped concave or convex portion, such as a semiconductor substrate having a memory cell. The polishing characteristics can be exhibited.
- a high stop property of the stopper material can be obtained with respect to the insulating material.
- the cause of such an effect is not necessarily clear, but the polymer compound having an aromatic ring and a polyoxyalkylene chain, and the cationic polymer coat the stopper material, so that the abrasive grains and the stopper material It is surmised that a high stopping property is achieved because the contact of s is inhibited electrostatically and sterically.
- polishing slurry for CMP according to the second embodiment as described above, it is possible to obtain excellent step difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having irregularities and to obtain a high stop property of the stopper material.
- Such a CMP polishing liquid is suitable for polishing an insulating material having unevenness using a stopper including a stopper material. Further, the CMP polishing liquid according to the second embodiment exhibits particularly excellent polishing characteristics when the stopper material is polysilicon.
- the pH of the polishing slurry for CMP according to the present invention is preferably less than 8.0. Thereby, it is easy to suppress agglomeration of abrasive grains and the like, and it is easy to obtain an additive effect.
- the zeta potential of the cerium oxide particles in the polishing slurry for CMP according to the present invention is preferably positive. Thereby, a high polishing rate of the insulating material can be easily obtained.
- the 4-pyrone compound includes 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-pyrone, and 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone. It is preferably at least one selected from the group. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a further excellent step elimination characteristic and to easily achieve a high stop property of the stopper material.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to the present invention preferably further contains a saturated monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the saturated monocarboxylic acid is acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, hydroangelic acid, caproic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid, 2,3- It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethylbutanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid and 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present invention may contain a pH adjusting agent.
- the present invention provides a polishing method for polishing an insulating material using the CMP polishing liquid. That is, the polishing method according to the present invention is a polishing method for polishing a substrate having an insulating material on its surface, and includes a step of polishing the insulating material using the CMP polishing liquid.
- Such a polishing method it is possible to obtain excellent level difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having unevenness, and when polishing an insulating material having unevenness on the surface, a high polishing rate of the convex portion and a convexity can be obtained. A large polishing rate ratio between the portions and the recesses can be obtained.
- Such a polishing method is suitable for polishing an insulating material having irregularities, and can efficiently eliminate irregularities (steps) of the insulating material having irregularities. Further, according to the polishing method of the present invention, an insulating material having no irregularities can be polished at a good polishing rate.
- the surface of the substrate may have a T-shaped or lattice-shaped concave portion or convex portion.
- the substrate may be a semiconductor substrate having memory cells.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain excellent level difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having irregularities, and when polishing an insulating material having irregularities on the surface, a high polishing rate of the convex portions and the convex portions and concave portions A large polishing rate ratio can be obtained.
- polishing the insulating material of the substrate provided with the insulating material having irregularities on the surface the substrate having excellent flatness can be obtained by preferentially polishing the convex portion.
- an insulating material having no irregularities can be polished at a good polishing rate.
- a CMP polishing liquid for polishing an insulating material it is possible to provide the use of a CMP polishing liquid for polishing an insulating material, and in particular, it is possible to provide the use of a CMP polishing liquid for polishing an insulating material having irregularities.
- a polishing liquid for CMP for polishing a semiconductor material for example, a semiconductor substrate.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION use of the polishing liquid for CMP can be provided for grinding
- polishing liquid for CMP according to an embodiment of the present invention and a polishing method using the polishing liquid for CMP will be described.
- process is not limited to an independent process, and is included in the term if the intended action of the process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. It is.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless there is a specific indication when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition. means.
- selective removing material A with respect to material B means that material A is removed preferentially over material B. More specifically, it means that the material A is preferentially removed over the material B when the material A and the material B coexist.
- this embodiment includes the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment contains abrasive grains (polishing particles), an additive, and water.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment is characterized by using particles having a specific shape as abrasive grains and using a compound having a specific chemical structure as an additive.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment is a CMP polishing liquid for polishing an insulating material.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to the first embodiment contains cerium oxide particles satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B), a 4-pyrone compound represented by the following general formula (1), and water.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the second embodiment includes cerium oxide particles satisfying the following conditions (A) and (B), a 4-pyrone compound represented by the following general formula (1), an aromatic ring, and a polyoxy It contains a polymer compound (aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound) having an alkylene chain, a cationic polymer, and water.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 given by the surface area S2 is 3.15 or less.
- the polishing slurry for CMP it is possible to obtain excellent step difference elimination characteristics with respect to an insulating material having unevenness, and when polishing an insulating material having unevenness on the surface, polishing with a high convexity is performed. It is possible to obtain a speed and a large polishing rate ratio between the convex part and the concave part. Thereby, when polishing the insulating material of the substrate provided with the insulating material having irregularities on the surface, the substrate having excellent flatness can be obtained by preferentially polishing the convex portion.
- a high stop property of the stopper material can be obtained.
- Such a CMP polishing liquid is suitable for polishing an insulating material having unevenness using a stopper including a stopper material.
- the present embodiment it is possible to provide the use of the CMP polishing liquid for polishing the insulating material, and in particular, it is possible to provide the use of the CMP polishing liquid for polishing the insulating material having irregularities. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the use of the polishing slurry for CMP to polish the insulating material using the stopper including the stopper material. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the use of the CMP polishing liquid for polishing the insulating material using the stopper containing polysilicon. According to the present embodiment, for example, it is possible to provide the use of a polishing slurry for CMP for producing an STI structure of a flash memory using polysilicon as a stopper material.
- Abrasive grains As the abrasive grains, cerium oxide particles are used.
- a polishing liquid for CMP using cerium oxide particles as abrasive grains has a feature that relatively few polishing flaws are generated on the surface to be polished.
- the abrasive grains used in the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment are cerium oxide particles that satisfy the following conditions (A) and (B). By using such abrasive grains, it is possible to obtain excellent step difference elimination characteristics.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 given by the surface area S2 is 3.15 or less.
- the average particle diameter R is obtained, for example, by measurement in a monodisperse mode of a submicron particle analyzer “N5” manufactured by BECKMANCOULTER. For example, cerium oxide obtained by adjusting (diluting with water) the intensity (signal strength) obtained from the submicron particle analyzer “N5” manufactured by BECKMANCOULTER in the range of 1.0E + 4 to 1.0E + 6. The measurement can be performed for 240 seconds using an aqueous dispersion of particles, and the obtained result can be used as the average particle diameter R.
- the average particle diameter R is 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less as described above from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent step difference elimination characteristics. Further, when the average particle diameter R is 300 nm or less, the generation of polishing scratches can be easily suppressed to a low level.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter R is preferably 60 nm or more, more preferably 70 nm or more, still more preferably 80 nm or more, particularly preferably 90 nm or more, and particularly preferably 100 nm or more, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a high polishing rate of the insulating material. 120 nm or more is very preferable, and 130 nm or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter R is preferably 280 nm or less, more preferably 260 nm or less, still more preferably 250 nm or less, particularly preferably 220 nm or less, and particularly preferably 200 nm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of occurrence of abrasive agglomeration or polishing flaws. Very preferable, 180 nm or less is very preferable, and 150 nm or less is even more preferable.
- the sphericity S2 / S1 given by the surface area S2 is 3.15 or less.
- the specific surface area S1 of the virtual cerium oxide particles (virtual spherical particles) when having the average particle diameter R of the condition (A) and being completely spherical is a ratio measured by the BET method.
- the value divided by the surface area S2 (S2 / S1: sphericity) is 3.15 or less. In these cases, the polishing rate ratio between the convex part and the concave part can be sufficiently increased.
- the specific surface area S1 [m 2 / g] of the true spherical particles having the average particle diameter R is 4 ⁇ (R / 2) based on the average particle diameter R [m] and the density d [g / m 3 ] of cerium oxide. 2 / ((4/3) ⁇ (R / 2) 3 ⁇ d).
- the density d of cerium oxide for example, 7.2 ⁇ 10 6 [g / m 3 ] can be employed.
- Specific surface area S2 is a measured value of the specific surface area (surface area per unit mass) of particles actually measured by the BET method.
- an adsorbate for example, an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the specific surface area can be estimated from the molecular cross-sectional area and adsorbed amount of the adsorbate.
- the specific surface area S2 can be measured by the following procedure. First, 100 g of an aqueous dispersion of cerium oxide particles (content of cerium oxide particles: around 5% by mass) is put in a dryer and then dried at 150 ° C. to obtain cerium oxide particles. About 0.4 g of the obtained cerium oxide particles are put into a measuring cell of a BET specific surface area measuring apparatus, and then vacuum deaerated at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the BET specific surface area measuring apparatus for example, NOVA-1200 (manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.) which is a gas adsorption type specific surface area / pore distribution measuring apparatus can be used.
- the value obtained as “Area” can be obtained as the BET specific surface area by measuring by a constant volume method using nitrogen gas as the adsorption gas. The said measurement is performed twice and the average value can be calculated
- the molecular layer physical adsorption amount v at the adsorption equilibrium pressure P is expressed by the following equation (2).
- v v m cP / (P s ⁇ P) (1 ⁇ (P / P s ) + c (P / P s )) (2)
- P s is the saturation vapor pressure of the adsorbate gas at the measurement temperature
- v m is the monolayer adsorption amount (mol / g)
- c is a constant.
- a straight line is obtained by plotting P / v (P s ⁇ P) against relative pressure P / P s .
- P / v (P s -P) For example, after measuring P / v (P s -P) at three relative pressures of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, three points are plotted to obtain a straight line. After the slope and intercept of the resulting straight line was determined v m, v occupied area of nitrogen molecules m [m 2] and Avogadro's number multiplied by [pieces / mol] is the specific surface area. The total surface area per unit mass of particles contained in the powder is the specific surface area.
- the upper limit of the sphericity S2 / S1 is 3.15 or less from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent step difference elimination characteristics.
- the upper limit of the sphericity S2 / S1 is preferably 3.10 or less, more preferably 3.05 or less, still more preferably 2.98 or less, and particularly preferably 2.90 or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining further excellent level difference elimination characteristics.
- the lower limit of the sphericity S2 / S1 is preferably 1.00 or more, and more preferably 1.50 or more.
- the zeta potential of the cerium oxide particles in the CMP polishing liquid is preferably positive (greater than 0 mV).
- the lower limit of the zeta potential of the abrasive grains in the present embodiment is more preferably 1 mV or more, further preferably 5 mV or more, particularly preferably 10 mV or more, and extremely preferably 15 mV or more from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a higher polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the lower limit of the zeta potential of the abrasive grains in the second embodiment is very preferably 20 mV or more, and more preferably 30 mV or more, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a higher polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the upper limit of the zeta potential of the abrasive grains is not particularly limited, but is 100 mV, for example.
- the zeta potential is generally measured by an apparatus using an electrophoresis method.
- the zeta potential can be measured by a device such as Zeta Sizer 3000HSA (manufactured by Malvern), Delsa NanoC (manufactured by BECKMANCOULTER).
- the lower limit of the content of the cerium oxide particles satisfying the conditions (A) and (B) is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP from the viewpoint of obtaining a higher polishing rate of the insulating material.
- 0.075% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.10% by mass or more is further preferable, 0.15% by mass or more is particularly preferable, 0.20% by mass or more is extremely preferable, and 0.25% by mass or more is very high. Is preferred.
- the upper limit of the content of the cerium oxide particles is preferably 10% by mass or less, and preferably 7% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP, from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of occurrence of abrasive agglomeration or polishing flaws. More preferably, 5% by mass or less is further preferable, 3% by mass or less is particularly preferable, 2% by mass or less is extremely preferable, and 1% by mass or less is very preferable.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment may use cerium oxide particles and other particles in combination as abrasive grains.
- the constituent material of such particles include oxides such as silica, alumina and zirconia, hydroxides such as cerium, and resins. These particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lower limit of the abrasive content is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.075% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP, from the viewpoint of obtaining a higher polishing rate of the insulating material.
- 0.10% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.15% by mass or more is particularly preferable, 0.20% by mass or more is extremely preferable, and 0.25% by mass or more is very preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of abrasive grains is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 7% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP, from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of occurrence of abrasive agglomeration or polishing flaws. 5 mass% or less is further more preferable, 3 mass% or less is especially preferable, 2 mass% or less is very preferable, and 1 mass% or less is very preferable.
- the content of the cerium oxide particles satisfying the conditions (A) and (B) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, still more preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the abrasive grains. 80% by mass or more is particularly preferable, 90% by mass or more is extremely preferable, 95% by mass or more is very preferable, 98% by mass or more is even more preferable, and 99% by mass or more is still more preferable.
- the abrasive grains substantially consist of cerium oxide particles that satisfy the conditions (A) and (B) (substantially all of the abrasive grains are cerium oxide particles that satisfy the conditions (A) and (B)). It is particularly preferred.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment contains a 4-pyrone compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first additive.
- a 1st additive may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- X 11 , X 12 and X 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the inventors prepared a large number of polishing liquids using various organic compounds as additives, and then measured the particle diameter over time in order to examine the presence or absence of aggregation of abrasive grains contained in the polishing liquid. It was. As a result, the present inventors have shown that, when the polishing liquid contains the 4-pyrone compound as an additive among organic compounds, in addition to the above effects, the effect of suppressing the aggregation of abrasive grains can be achieved. I found it.
- Such a 4-pyrone-based compound has no effect of weakening the repulsive force such as electrostatic repulsive force between the abrasive grains although it is an additive capable of increasing the interaction between the abrasive grains and the insulating material. Therefore, it is considered that aggregation of abrasive grains can be suppressed.
- the 4-pyrone compound of this embodiment has a structure in which a hydroxy group is bonded to at least a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.
- the “4-pyrone compound” has a 6-membered ring ( ⁇ -pyrone ring) structure in which an oxy group and a carbonyl group are included and the carbonyl group is located at the 4-position with respect to the oxy group. It is a heterocyclic compound.
- a hydroxy group is bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group in the ⁇ -pyrone ring, and a substituent other than a hydrogen atom is attached to the other carbon atom. May be substituted.
- Examples of the monovalent substituent include aldehyde group, hydroxy group (hydroxyl group), carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, bromine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom, fluorine atom, nitro group, hydrazine group, alkyl group ( OH, COOH, Br, Cl, I or NO 2 may be substituted. Hydroxyalkyl group etc.), aryl group, alkenyl group and the like.
- the alkyl group has, for example, 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group has, for example, 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group has, for example, 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group is preferable.
- the monovalent substituent is preferably bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to the oxy group from the viewpoint of easy synthesis
- X 11 and X 12 are each preferably a monovalent substituent.
- 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone also known as 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one or maltol is used from the viewpoint of obtaining superior step-resolving characteristics.
- 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-pyrone also known as 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4H-pyran-4-one
- 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4 At least one compound selected from the group consisting of -pyrone (also known as 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one) is preferred, and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone and 5-hydroxy- More preferred is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-pyrone.
- These compounds may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. When these compounds are used in combination of two or more, it is possible to obtain the effect of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material having no irregularities and the effect of improving the in-plane uniformity.
- the first additive is preferably water-soluble.
- the lower limit of the solubility of the first additive in 100 g of water at normal temperature (25 ° C.) is preferably 0.001 g or more, more preferably 0.005 g or more, still more preferably 0.01 g or more, and particularly preferably 0.05 g or more.
- the upper limit of solubility is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the content of the first additive is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.01% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. Preferably, 0.015 mass% or more is especially preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of the first additive is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less, and 0.50% by mass based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP.
- % Or less is particularly preferable, 0.30% by mass or less is very preferable, 0.20% by mass or less is very preferable, and 0.10% by mass or less is even more preferable.
- content of the first additive is 5% by mass or less, it is easier to suppress the aggregation of abrasive grains than in the case of exceeding 5% by mass, and it is easy to achieve a high polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound has an effect of suppressing an excessive increase in the polishing rate of the stopper material, for example. The reason why this effect occurs is presumed that the polishing of the stopper material is suppressed when the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound covers the stopper material. Such an effect is remarkably obtained when the stopper material is polysilicon.
- An aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is a compound in which a substituent having an aromatic ring is introduced at the terminal of polyoxyalkylene.
- the aromatic ring may or may not be directly bonded to the polyoxyalkylene chain.
- the aromatic ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound may have a structure in which a plurality of polyoxyalkylene chains are bonded via a substituent having an aromatic ring.
- the polyoxyalkylene chain is preferably a polyoxyethylene chain, a polyoxypropylene chain, or a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene chain from the viewpoint of easy synthesis.
- the number of structural units of the polyoxyalkylene chain (the number of structural units of the oxyalkylene structure) is preferably 15 or more from the viewpoint of efficiently covering the stopper material.
- Examples of the substituent having an aromatic ring include an aryl group when the aromatic ring is located at the end of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound.
- Examples of the aryl group include monocyclic aromatic groups such as a phenyl group, benzyl group, tolyl group, and xylyl group; polycyclic aromatic groups such as a naphthyl group, and these aromatic groups further have a substituent. May be.
- Examples of substituents introduced into aromatic groups include alkyl groups, vinyl groups, allyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogeno groups, hydroxy groups, carbonyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups, styrene groups, and aromatic groups. In view of efficiently covering the stopper material, an alkyl group and a styrene group are preferable.
- Examples of the substituent having an aromatic ring include an arylene group when the aromatic ring is located in the main chain of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound.
- Examples of the arylene group include monocyclic aromatic groups such as a phenylene group, a tolylene group, and a xylylene group; polycyclic aromatic groups such as a naphthylene group, and these aromatic groups may further have a substituent.
- Examples of substituents introduced into aromatic groups include alkyl groups, vinyl groups, allyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogeno groups, hydroxy groups, carbonyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups, styrene groups, and aromatic groups. Groups and the like.
- the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or general formula (II) from the viewpoint of efficiently covering the stopper material.
- R 11 —O— (R 12 —O) m —H (I) [In the formula (I), R 11 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent, R 12 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, m Represents an integer of 15 or more.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an arylene group which may have a substituent
- R 23 , R 24 and R 25 each independently have a substituent.
- n1 and n2 each independently represents an integer of 15 or more.
- the formula (I) or the formula (II) preferably satisfies at least one of the following conditions.
- R 12 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 are preferably an ethylene group or an n-propylene group.
- -M is preferably 15 or more, and more preferably 30 or more.
- -M is preferably 20000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, still more preferably 5000 or less, and particularly preferably 1000 or less.
- -As for n1 and n2, 15 or more are preferable and 30 or more are more preferable.
- -N1 and n2 are preferably 20000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, still more preferably 5000 or less, and particularly preferably 1000 or less.
- Examples of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound represented by the formula (I) include polyoxyalkylene phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene styrenated phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene cumyl phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene benzyl.
- Examples include ether.
- examples of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound represented by the formula (I) include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether (for example, Emulgit series manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene nonylpropenyl phenyl.
- Ether for example, Dairon Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Aqualon RN series
- polyoxyethylene phenyl ether for example, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether (for example, Kao Corporation, Emulgen A-500; Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) Neugen EA-7 series
- polyoxypropylene phenyl ether for example, polyoxyethylene cumylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene benzyl ether and the like.
- aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound represented by the formula (II) include 2,2-bis (4-polyoxyethyleneoxyphenyl) propane.
- the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more for the purpose of adjusting polishing properties such as polishing selectivity and flatness.
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1500 or more, still more preferably 2000 or more, and particularly preferably 4000 or more, from the viewpoint of further excellent polishing selectivity.
- the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is preferably 1000000 or less, more preferably 500000 or less, still more preferably 250,000 or less, particularly preferably 100000 or less, and particularly preferably 50000 or less, from the viewpoint of further excellent polishing selectivity.
- 10,000 or less is very preferable, 8000 or less is still more preferable, and 5000 or less is still more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of an aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound can be measured on condition of the following by the gel permeation chromatography method (GPC) using the calibration curve of a standard polystyrene, for example.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography method
- Equipment used Hitachi L-6000 (made by Hitachi, Ltd.) Column: Gel pack GL-R420 + Gel pack GL-R430 + Gel pack GL-R440 [trade name, total 3 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.]
- the content of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is preferably 0.01% by mass or more based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. Thereby, the polishing rate of the stopper material can be further suppressed.
- the lower limit of the content of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.10% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. 20% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 0.25% by mass or more is extremely preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP, from the viewpoint of excellent stability and productivity.
- the following is more preferable, 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, 1% by mass or less is extremely preferable, 0.7% by mass or less is very preferable, and 0.5% by mass or less is even more preferable. .
- the polishing slurry for CMP includes a positive additive as a third additive in addition to the first additive (4-pyrone compound) and the second additive (aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound).
- An ionic polymer can be contained. That is, as the third additive, a compound corresponding to the first additive or the second additive is excluded.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment can contain at least one of the second additive and the third additive.
- “Cationic polymer” is defined as a polymer having a cationic group or a group that can be ionized into a cationic group in the main chain or side chain.
- Examples of the cationic group include an amino group, an imino group, and a cyano group.
- the cationic polymer has an effect of further suppressing an excessive increase in the polishing rate of the stopper material when used in combination with an aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound.
- the cationic polymer can suppress the decrease in the polishing rate of the insulating material due to the aromatic polyoxyalkylene compound being excessively coated with the insulating material in addition to the stopper material.
- Examples of the cationic polymer include polymers obtained by polymerizing at least one monomer component selected from the group consisting of allylamine, diallylamine, vinylamine, ethyleneimine, and derivatives thereof (allylamine polymer, diallylamine polymer). Vinylamine polymer, ethyleneimine polymer); polysaccharides such as chitosan and chitosan derivatives.
- the allylamine polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing allylamine or a derivative thereof.
- the allylamine derivative include alkoxycarbonylated allylamine, methylcarbonylated allylamine, aminocarbonylated allylamine, ureated allylamine and the like.
- the diallylamine polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing diallylamine or a derivative thereof.
- diallylamine derivatives include methyl diallylamine, diallyldimethylammonium salt, diallylmethylethylammonium salt, acylated diallylamine, aminocarbonylated diallylamine, alkoxycarbonylated diallylamine, aminothiocarbonylated diallylamine, hydroxyalkylated diallylamine, and the like.
- the ammonium salt include ammonium chloride and ammonium alkyl sulfate (for example, ammonium ethyl sulfate).
- the vinylamine polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing vinylamine or a derivative thereof.
- the vinylamine derivative include alkylated vinylamine, amidated vinylamine, ethylene oxideated vinylamine, propylene oxided vinylamine, alkoxylated vinylamine, carboxymethylated vinylamine, acylated vinylamine, and ureaated vinylamine.
- the ethyleneimine polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing ethyleneimine or a derivative thereof.
- the ethyleneimine derivative include aminoethylated acrylic polymer, alkylated ethyleneimine, ureaated ethyleneimine, propylene oxideated ethyleneimine and the like.
- the cationic polymer may have structural units derived from monomer components other than allylamine, diallylamine, vinylamine, ethyleneimine, and derivatives thereof.
- the cationic polymer may have a structural unit derived from, for example, acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, hydroxyethylacrylamide, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or sulfur dioxide.
- the cationic polymer may be a homopolymer of allylamine, diallylamine, vinylamine or ethyleneimine (polyallylamine, polydiallylamine, polyvinylamine or polyethyleneimine), derived from allylamine, diallylamine, vinylamine, ethyleneimine or derivatives thereof.
- a copolymer having the following structural unit may also be used. In the copolymer, the arrangement of structural units is arbitrary.
- a form of block copolymer in which the same type of structural units are continuous (b) a form of random copolymerization in which the structural units A and B are particularly ordered, (c) structural units A and structural units Any form such as an alternating copolymerization form in which B is alternately arranged may be employed.
- the copolymer is preferably a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a composition containing acrylamide as a monomer component from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing selectivity of the insulating material with respect to the stopper material, and diallyldimethylammonium salt.
- a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a composition containing acrylamide as a monomer component is more preferable, and a diallyldimethylammonium chloride / acrylamide copolymer is more preferable.
- cationic polymers from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing selectivity of the insulating material with respect to the stopper material, and from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing speed of the insulating material, such as allylamine polymer, diallylamine polymer, vinylamine polymer, etc. Amine polymers are preferred, and polyallylamine and diallyldimethylammonium chloride are more preferred.
- the cationic polymer can be used alone or in combination of two or more for the purpose of adjusting polishing characteristics such as polishing selectivity and flatness.
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 300 or more, still more preferably 500 or more, and particularly preferably 1000 or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing selectivity of the insulating material with respect to the stopper material. 1500 or more is very preferable.
- the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer is preferably 1000000 or less, more preferably 600000 or less, further preferably 300000 or less, and particularly preferably 200000 or less from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing selectivity of the insulating material with respect to the stopper material. .
- the weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer can be measured by the same method as the weight average molecular weight of the second additive.
- the lower limit of the content of the cationic polymer is preferably 0.00001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.00003% by mass or more based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. Is more preferably 0.00005% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.00006% by mass or more, and extremely preferably 0.00007% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the cationic polymer is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP from the viewpoint of further excellent polishing selectivity.
- the content of the cationic polymer depends on the method of manufacturing the insulating material (for example, the type and film deposition conditions). It is preferable to adjust accordingly.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment preferably further contains a saturated monocarboxylic acid as a fourth additive.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment can contain at least one selected from the group consisting of the second additive, the third additive, and the fourth additive.
- an insulating material having no unevenness for example, an insulating material for a wafer having no unevenness (a blanket wafer)
- polishing at speed In general, in polishing a wafer having irregularities, the convex portion is preferentially polished, and the surface to be polished becomes flat as the polishing proceeds.
- the polishing rate of the surface to be polished tends to approach the polishing rate of the blanket wafer. Therefore, a polishing liquid that is excellent not only in the polishing rate of the insulating material having unevenness but also in the polishing rate of the insulating material not having unevenness is preferable in that a good polishing rate can be obtained throughout the entire polishing step.
- an insulating material having no unevenness while achieving a higher polishing rate of the insulating material having unevenness for example, a semiconductor substrate
- the polishing rate of the semiconductor substrate can be improved, and the in-plane uniformity, which is an index of the variation in the polishing surface within the surface to be polished, can be improved.
- the number of carbon atoms of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably 2 to 6 from the viewpoint of further obtaining the effect of improving the polishing rate and the effect of improving the in-plane uniformity of an insulating material (for example, a semiconductor substrate) having no irregularities. .
- saturated monocarboxylic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, hydroangelic acid, caproic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid, 2,3- Preference is given to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of dimethylbutanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid and 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid.
- the number of carbon atoms of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is more preferably 3 or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a higher polishing rate of the insulating material.
- a saturated monocarboxylic acid having 2 or 3 carbon atoms is preferred, and specifically, acetic acid and propionic acid Is preferred. From the above, propionic acid is particularly preferable in terms of balancing the polishing rate, water solubility, availability, and the like.
- One type of saturated monocarboxylic acid may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP.
- the improvement effect of the polishing rate of the insulating material for example, semiconductor substrate
- corrugation and the improvement effect of in-plane uniformity are obtained more efficiently.
- the lower limit of the content of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.010% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. More preferred is 0.020% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP. Particularly preferably, 0.5% by mass or less is very preferable, 0.1% by mass or less is very preferable, 0.05% by mass or less is further more preferable, and 0.03% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the content of the saturated monocarboxylic acid is 5% by mass or less, it is easy to suppress agglomeration of abrasive grains as compared with the case of exceeding 5% by mass, and high polishing rate and good in-plane uniformity are easily achieved. .
- the water used for the preparation of the CMP polishing liquid is not particularly limited, but deionized water, ion exchange water, ultrapure water, and the like are preferable. In addition, you may use polar solvents, such as ethanol and acetone, together with water as needed.
- the polishing slurry for CMP according to this embodiment contains a surfactant, dextrin, and the like from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersion stability of the abrasive grains, the flatness of the surface to be polished and / or the polishing rate of the surface to be polished.
- a surfactant include ionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants are preferred.
- One type of surfactant may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Nonionic surfactants include polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether derivatives, polyoxypropylene glyceryl ether, polyethylene glycol, methoxy Ether type surfactants such as oxyethylene adducts of polyethylene glycol and acetylenic diol; ester type surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid ester and glycerol borate fatty acid ester; amino ether type surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkylamine; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerol borate fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester Ether ester type surfactants; fatty acid alkanolamides, alkanolamide type surfactants such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid alkanolamides; oxyethylene adducts of acetylenic diol
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment may further contain other components in addition to the surfactant in accordance with desired characteristics.
- examples of such components include a pH adjuster described later, a pH buffer for suppressing fluctuations in pH, aminocarboxylic acid, and cyclic monocarboxylic acid.
- the content of these components is preferably in a range that does not excessively reduce the effects of the CMP polishing liquid.
- the upper limit of the pH of the polishing slurry for CMP is preferably less than 8.0, more preferably 7.0 or less, still more preferably 6.0 or less, and particularly preferably 5.0 or less.
- the lower limit of the pH of the CMP polishing liquid is preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more, still more preferably 2.5 or more, and particularly preferably 3.0 or more.
- the pH is 1.5 or more, the absolute value of the zeta potential of the insulating material can be easily adjusted to a large value as compared with the case of less than 1.5.
- the pH is defined as the pH at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
- the following two effects can be easily obtained by adjusting the pH of the polishing slurry for CMP within the range of 1.5 or more and less than 8.0.
- Proton or hydroxy anion acts on the compound blended as an additive to change the chemical form of the compound, improving the wettability and affinity for the insulating material or stopper material (such as silicon nitride) on the substrate surface.
- the abrasive grains are cerium oxide particles, the contact efficiency between the abrasive grains and the insulating material is improved, and a high polishing rate is easily achieved. This is because when the sign of the zeta potential of cerium oxide is positive, the sign of the zeta potential of the insulating material is negative, and an electrostatic attractive force acts between them.
- a pH adjuster may be used as an additive in order to adjust the pH to the above range.
- the pH adjuster is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acids such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid; bases such as sodium hydroxide, ammonia, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
- the fourth additive saturated monocarboxylic acid may be used as a pH adjuster.
- the pH of the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment can be measured with a pH meter (for example, model number PHL-40 manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd.). For example, after calibrating two pH meters using a phthalate pH buffer solution (pH 4.01) and a neutral phosphate pH buffer solution (pH 6.86) as standard buffers, the electrode of the pH meter is polished with a polishing solution. And measure the value after 2 minutes or more has stabilized. At this time, both the standard buffer solution and the polishing solution are set to 25 ° C.
- the polishing liquid for CMP can be classified into (A) normal type, (B) concentrated type, and (C) two-liquid type, and the preparation method and usage differ depending on the type.
- the normal type is a polishing liquid that can be used as it is without pretreatment such as dilution during polishing.
- the concentrated type is a polishing liquid in which the contents are concentrated in comparison with the (A) normal type in consideration of convenience of storage or transportation.
- the two-liquid type is divided into a liquid A containing a certain component and a liquid B containing other components during storage or transportation, and these liquids are mixed before use.
- a polishing liquid is divided into a liquid A containing a certain component and a liquid B containing other components during storage or transportation, and these liquids are mixed before use.
- the normal type can be obtained by dissolving or dispersing an additive containing the specific compound, abrasive grains, and, if necessary, other components in water as a main dispersion medium. For example, based on the total mass of the polishing slurry for CMP, to prepare 1000 g of polishing slurry for CMP containing 0.5% by weight of abrasive grains and an additive of 0.1% by weight of content, What is necessary is just to adjust a compounding quantity so that it may become 5g of abrasive grains and 1g of additives with respect to the polishing liquid for CMP whole quantity.
- the concentrated type is diluted with water so that the content of the component is adjusted to the desired content immediately before use. After dilution, (A) Arbitrary time until liquid characteristics (pH, particle size of abrasive grains, etc.) and polishing characteristics (polishing rate of insulating material, selection ratio with silicon nitride, etc.) comparable to normal type can be reproduced. You may stir and / or disperse
- the concentration ratio is preferably 1.5 times or more, more preferably 2 times or more, further preferably 3 times or more, and particularly preferably 5 times or more. When the concentration ratio is 1.5 times or more, it is possible to obtain merit related to storage and transportation as compared to the case of less than 1.5 times.
- the concentration factor is preferably 50 times or less, more preferably 40 times or less, and still more preferably 30 times or less. When the concentration factor is 50 times or less, it is easy to suppress the aggregation of abrasive grains as compared with the case where the concentration rate exceeds 50 times.
- the pH of the concentrated type is preferably 1.5 to 7.0 from the viewpoint of obtaining a polishing liquid having a suitable pH after dilution with water.
- the lower limit of pH is more preferably 2.0 or more, and further preferably 2.5 or more.
- the upper limit of the pH is preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.7 or less, still more preferably 6.0 or less, and particularly preferably 5.5 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the aggregation of abrasive grains.
- the two-liquid type has an advantage that it can avoid agglomeration of abrasive grains and the like as compared with the (B) concentrated type.
- the component which each of the liquid A and the liquid B contains is arbitrary.
- the liquid A is, for example, a slurry containing abrasive grains and a surfactant or the like blended as necessary.
- the liquid B is, for example, a solution containing a first additive and other components (fourth additive and the like) blended as necessary.
- the liquid A is, for example, a slurry containing abrasive grains, a first additive, and other components (fourth additive and the like) blended as necessary.
- the liquid B is a solution containing, for example, a second additive and a third additive, and a surfactant blended as necessary.
- any acid or base may be added to the liquid A to adjust the pH.
- the two-liquid type polishing liquid is useful when the polishing characteristics are deteriorated in a relatively short time due to aggregation of abrasive grains or the like in a state where the respective components are mixed.
- at least one of the liquid A and the liquid B may be a concentrated type.
- the liquid A, the liquid B, and water may be mixed when using the polishing liquid.
- the concentration ratio and pH of the liquid A and the liquid B are arbitrary, and the liquid characteristics and polishing characteristics of the final mixture may be the same as those of the (A) normal type polishing liquid.
- the polishing method according to the present embodiment includes a polishing step of polishing an insulating material using the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment.
- the polishing method according to the present embodiment is, for example, a polishing method for polishing a substrate having an insulating material on the surface, and includes a polishing step of polishing the insulating material using the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment includes the insulating material in a substrate having an insulating material on the surface and a predetermined polishing member (polishing member. For example, a polishing pad (polishing).
- a polishing step of pressing the insulating material against the polishing member and moving at least one of the substrate and the polishing member to polish the insulating material by the polishing member In the polishing step, at least a part of the insulating material is polished and removed.
- a polishing liquid whose content and pH of each component are adjusted is used, and a substrate having an insulating material on the surface is planarized by a CMP technique.
- the insulating material examples include inorganic insulating materials and organic insulating materials.
- the insulating material may be doped with an element such as phosphorus or boron.
- inorganic insulating materials include silicon-based insulating materials. Specifically, silicon oxide-based materials including silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, silicon carbide-based materials including silicon atoms and carbon atoms, silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms are included. Examples thereof include silicon nitride-based materials.
- a silicon oxide-based material having a hydroxyl group (for example, a silanol group) on the surface is preferable, and silicon oxide is more preferable.
- the organic insulating material examples include wholly aromatic low dielectric constant insulating materials.
- the insulating material is preferably an inorganic insulating material, more preferably a silicon-based insulating material, and still more preferably silicon oxide from the viewpoint of achieving a higher polishing rate.
- the insulating material may be, for example, a film (insulating film).
- a high stop property of the stopper material can be obtained.
- Such a polishing method is suitable for polishing an insulating material having irregularities using a stopper including a stopper material.
- the polishing method using the CMP polishing liquid according to the second embodiment is suitable for a polishing method in which the insulating material is polished and the polishing is stopped when the stopper is exposed. This is because the CMP polishing liquid according to the second embodiment can achieve a high polishing rate of the insulating material and a high stopping property of the stopper material.
- the insulating material can be selectively polished with respect to the stopper material.
- the insulating material polishing rate ratio to the stopper material is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 50 or more, and even more preferably 100 or more.
- stopper material examples include silicon nitride, polysilicon, and the like, and polysilicon is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving higher stop performance.
- the polishing method according to this embodiment is suitable for polishing a substrate having an insulating material on the surface in the device manufacturing process.
- Devices include individual semiconductors such as diodes, transistors, compound semiconductors, thermistors, varistors, thyristors; DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read) -Only memory), mask ROM (mask read only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), storage elements such as flash memory; theoretical circuits such as microprocessors, DSPs, ASICs, etc. Elements; integrated circuit elements such as compound semiconductors represented by MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit); hybrid integrated circuits (hybrid IC); light-emitting diodes; Such as photoelectric conversion elements and the like.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to the present embodiment can achieve a high polishing rate of the insulating material without largely depending on the state of the surface to be polished. Therefore, the polishing method using the CMP polishing liquid is difficult to achieve a high polishing rate by the conventional method using the CMP polishing liquid, and can be applied to a substrate.
- the polishing method according to the present embodiment is particularly suitable for flattening a surface to be polished having irregularities (steps) on the surface.
- the substrate having such a surface to be polished include a substrate of a logic semiconductor device.
- the surface of the substrate may have a T-shaped or lattice-shaped concave or convex portion, and the polishing method according to the present embodiment is viewed from above (in the direction facing the surface of the substrate). It is suitable for polishing a substrate having a portion in which concave portions or convex portions are provided in a T shape or a lattice shape.
- an insulating material provided on the surface of a semiconductor substrate having memory cells can be polished at a high polishing rate. Since these objects to be polished are objects to be polished that have been difficult to achieve a high polishing rate by the conventional method using the polishing liquid for CMP, such an effect is obtained by the CMP according to the present embodiment. It shows that the polishing liquid for use can achieve a high polishing rate without largely depending on the uneven shape of the surface to be polished.
- the substrate to which the polishing method according to this embodiment can be applied is not limited to a substrate in which the entire surface to be polished is formed of one type of material to be polished, and the surface to be polished is formed of two or more types of materials to be polished. Substrates may also be used.
- the polishing method according to the present embodiment is particularly suitable for CMP in an STI formation process, an ILD formation process, or the like.
- a process of forming an STI structure on a substrate (wafer) by CMP using the polishing method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the polishing method according to this embodiment includes, for example, a first polishing step (roughing step) for polishing the silicon oxide 13 at a high polishing rate, and a second polishing for polishing the remaining silicon oxide 13 at a relatively low polishing rate.
- Process finishing process).
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a substrate before polishing.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing the substrate after the first polishing step.
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view showing the substrate after the second polishing step.
- a stopper (silicon nitride or polysilicon) 12 having a low polishing rate is preferably formed in advance under the silicon oxide 13 in order to stop polishing appropriately when the surface is flattened.
- a substrate (wafer) is placed on the polishing pad so that the surface of the silicon oxide 13 and the polishing pad come into contact with each other, and the surface of the silicon oxide 13 is polished with the polishing pad. More specifically, the surface to be polished of silicon oxide 13 is pressed against the polishing pad of the polishing surface plate, and both are moved relatively while supplying the polishing liquid for CMP between the surface to be polished and the polishing pad. Thus, the silicon oxide 13 is polished.
- the CMP polishing liquid according to this embodiment can be applied to both the first polishing process and the second polishing process. Although the case where the polishing process is performed in two stages is illustrated here, the polishing process can be performed in one stage from the state shown in FIG. 1A to the state shown in FIG.
- polishing apparatus for example, an apparatus including a holder for holding a substrate, a polishing surface plate to which the polishing pad is attached, and means for supplying a polishing liquid onto the polishing pad is preferable.
- the polishing apparatus include polishing apparatuses manufactured by Ebara Corporation (model numbers: EPO-111, EPO-222, FREX200, and FREX300), APPLIED MATERIALS polishing apparatuses (trade name: Mira3400, Reflexion polishing machine), and the like.
- a polishing pad For example, a general nonwoven fabric, a polyurethane foam, a porous fluororesin, etc. can be used.
- the polishing pad is preferably subjected to groove processing so that the polishing liquid is accumulated.
- the polishing conditions are not particularly limited, but the rotation speed of the polishing platen is preferably 200 min ⁇ 1 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the substrate from popping out, and the pressure (working load) applied to the substrate is set on the surface to be polished. From the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of scratches, 100 kPa or less is preferable.
- the substrate is thoroughly washed in running water, and water droplets adhering to the substrate are removed using a spin dryer or the like and then dried.
- polishing in this way, surface irregularities can be eliminated and a smooth surface can be obtained over the entire surface of the substrate.
- the substrate thus obtained can be used as various electronic components.
- semiconductor elements include: semiconductor elements; optical glasses such as photomasks, lenses, and prisms; inorganic conductive materials such as ITO; optical integrated circuits composed of glass and crystalline materials; optical switching elements; optical waveguides; Examples include optical single crystals such as scintillators; solid laser single crystals; sapphire substrates for blue laser LEDs; semiconductor single crystals such as SiC, GaP and GaAs; glass substrates for magnetic disks; magnetic heads and the like.
- R represents the average particle diameter
- S1 represents the specific surface area of the true spherical virtual cerium oxide particles having the average particle diameter R
- S2 represents the specific surface area of the cerium oxide particles measured by the BET method. Indicates.
- the average particle diameter R was measured in a monodisperse mode of a submicron particle analyzer “N5” manufactured by BECKMANCOULTER.
- the cerium oxide particles obtained by adjusting (diluting with water) the intensity (signal strength) obtained from the submicron particle analyzer “N5” manufactured by BECKMANCOULTER in the range of 1.0E + 4 to 1.0E + 6.
- the measurement was performed for 240 seconds using an aqueous dispersion, and the obtained result was used as the average particle diameter R.
- the density of cerium oxide was 7.2 ⁇ 10 6 g / m 3 .
- the specific surface area S2 was determined as follows. First, 100 g of an aqueous dispersion of cerium oxide particles was placed in a dryer and then dried at 150 ° C. to obtain cerium oxide particles. About 0.4 g of the obtained cerium oxide particles were placed in a measurement cell of a BET specific surface area measuring apparatus (NOVA-1200, manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.), and then vacuum deaerated at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes. Measurement was performed by a constant volume method using nitrogen gas as an adsorption gas, and a value obtained as “Area” was obtained as a BET specific surface area. The said measurement was performed twice and the average value was calculated
- NOVA-1200 BET specific surface area measuring apparatus
- a blanket wafer (Blanket wafer) having no irregularities (pattern is not formed) and a patterned wafer (patterned wafer) having irregularities (pattern is formed) are used.
- a blanket wafer a wafer having a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 1000 nm on a silicon (Si) substrate (diameter: 300 mm) was used.
- the pattern wafer will be further described with reference to FIG.
- the pattern wafer has a wafer 21, a stopper (silicon nitride film) 22 and a silicon oxide film 23.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a part of the wafer 21 and the stopper 22 is enlarged.
- a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface of the wafer 21, and a stopper 22 having a thickness of 150 nm is formed on the surface of the convex portion of the wafer 21.
- the depth of the groove (step difference from the surface of the convex portion to the bottom surface of the concave portion) is 500 nm.
- the convex portion is referred to as an active portion, and the concave portion is referred to as a trench portion.
- the wafer 21 has a 100 ⁇ m / 100 ⁇ m trench / active part.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the pattern wafer.
- the silicon oxide film 23 is formed on the active part and the trench part by the plasma TEOS method so that the thickness of the silicon oxide film 23 from the surface of the active part becomes 600 nm.
- a polishing apparatus (Reflexion manufactured by APPLIED MATERIALS) was used for polishing the test wafer for CMP evaluation.
- a test wafer for CMP evaluation was set in a holder to which a suction pad for attaching a substrate was attached.
- a polishing pad made of porous urethane resin manufactured by Rohm and Haas Japan Co., Ltd., model number IC1010 was attached to a polishing surface plate having a diameter of 600 mm of the polishing apparatus.
- the holder was placed on a polishing surface plate with the surface on which the insulating film (silicon oxide film) as the film to be polished was placed facing down, and the processing load was set to 140 gf / cm 2 (13.8 kPa).
- the unit of the polishing rate is nm / min. (Polishing speed ratio) The ratio of the polishing rate of silicon oxide in the pattern wafer to the polishing rate of silicon oxide in the blanket wafer (pattern wafer / blanket wafer) was calculated.
- Examples A1 to A14 using the CMP polishing liquid containing cerium oxide particles 1 to 5 and a 4-pyrone compound the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the blanket wafer and the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the pattern wafer are sufficient. Very expensive. Further, the polishing rate ratio of silicon oxide is a sufficiently large value of 1.00 or more. From these results, it was confirmed that Examples A1 to A14 were excellent in the step elimination characteristics.
- the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the patterned wafer is a low polishing rate of 100 nm / min or less, and the polishing rate ratio of silicon oxide is 1 It was less than 0.00.
- the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the blanket wafer is 50 nm / min or less, and the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the pattern wafer is 100 nm / min.
- the polishing speed was as follows.
- a polishing slurry A for CMP having a composition (water content: 99.46% by mass) containing 0.25% by mass of dextrin PO-10 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Corporation Foodtech).
- a blanket wafer and a pattern wafer similar to those described above were polished, the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the blanket wafer and the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the pattern wafer were not changed compared to Example A12.
- the polysilicon blanket wafer was prepared, the polysilicon blanket wafer was polished using the CMP polishing liquid of Example A12 and the CMP polishing liquid A, respectively.
- the polishing rate of polysilicon in the blanket wafer was 40 nm / min with the CMP polishing liquid of Example A12, whereas the CMP polishing liquid A was 120 nm / min. Since a polishing rate of 3 times was obtained by using the CMP polishing liquid A, it was confirmed that dextrin had an effect of improving the polishing rate of polysilicon.
- Example B1 [Preparation of polishing liquid for CMP] (Example B1) A slurry (first liquid) containing 5.0% by mass of cerium oxide particles 1, 0.34% by mass of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, and 0.45% by mass of propionic acid was prepared. did. The content of each component was adjusted using deionized water. The pH of the slurry was 3.2. The pH was measured using model number PHL-40 manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd.
- An additive liquid (second liquid) containing 5% by mass of polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether and 0.0015% by mass of diallyldimethylammonium chloride / acrylamide copolymer was prepared. The content of each component was adjusted using deionized water. The pH of the additive solution was adjusted using an aqueous ammonia solution. The pH of the additive solution was 10.2. The pH was measured using model number PHL-40 manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd.
- the slurry, additive solution, and deionized water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1: 18 to prepare a polishing solution.
- the content of the cerium oxide particles 1 is 0.25% by mass
- the content of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone is 0.017% by mass
- polyoxy The content of ethylene styrenated phenyl ether is 0.25% by mass
- the content of diallyldimethylammonium chloride / acrylamide copolymer is 0.000075% by mass
- the content of propionic acid is 0.023% by mass. there were.
- the pH of the polishing liquid was 3.5. The pH was measured using model number PHL-40 manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd.
- Examples B2 to B20 Comparative Examples B1 to B4
- a slurry and an additive liquid were prepared in the same manner as in Example B1, and then a polishing liquid containing the components shown in Table 4 was prepared.
- the content of the cerium oxide particles is 0.25% by mass, and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone or 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-pyrone The content of was 0.017% by mass.
- Ammonia water was used as the pH adjuster.
- the pH was measured using model number PHL-40 manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd.
- the indication of “-” in Table 4 means that the target additive is not used.
- A-1 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone
- A-2 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -4-pyrone
- B-1 Polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether (manufactured by Kao Corporation, (Product name: Emulgen A-500, weight average molecular weight: 4500-5000)
- B-2 Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., trade name: emulgit, weight average molecular weight: 3000-3500)
- b-1 Polyethylene glycol (manufactured by Lion Corporation, trade name: PEG600, weight average molecular weight: 600)
- C-1 diallyldimethylammonium chloride / acrylamide copolymer (manufactured by Nitto Bo Medical Co., Ltd., trade name: PAS-J-81, weight average molecular weight: 200000)
- C-2 Polyallylamine (manufactured
- Polishing device Reflexion (manufactured by APPLIED MATERIALS) ⁇ CMP polishing liquid flow rate: 250 mL / min ⁇
- Substrate to be polished “Blanket wafer” and “Pattern wafer” below
- Polishing pad foamed polyurethane resin with closed cells (Rohm and Haas Japan, model number IC1010)
- Polishing pressure 2.0 psi ⁇ Rotational speed of substrate and polishing platen: 100 min ⁇ 1 (rpm)
- Polishing time The blanket wafer was polished for 30 seconds (0.5 min) and the pattern wafer was polished for 60 seconds (1.0 min).
- the polishing rate of each film to be polished was obtained from the following equation.
- polishing was calculated
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a part of the wafer 21 and the stopper 22 is enlarged. A plurality of grooves are formed on the surface of the wafer 21, and a stopper 22 having a thickness of 150 nm is formed on the surface of the convex portion of the wafer 21.
- the depth of the groove (step difference from the surface of the convex portion to the bottom surface of the concave portion) is 500 nm.
- the convex portion is referred to as an active portion, and the concave portion is referred to as a trench portion.
- the wafer 21 has a 100 ⁇ m / 100 ⁇ m trench / active part.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the pattern wafer.
- the silicon oxide film 23 is formed on the active part and the trench part by the plasma TEOS method so that the thickness of the silicon oxide film 23 from the surface of the active part becomes 600 nm.
- the film thickness of the active part (convex part) of 100 ⁇ m / 100 ⁇ m before and after polishing was measured, and the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the pattern wafer was calculated from the average of the film thickness change amount.
- the unit of the polishing rate is nm / min. Table 5 shows the measurement results.
- the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the blanket wafer is sufficiently high, and the polishing rate ratio of the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the pattern wafer to the polishing rate of silicon oxide on the blanket wafer is sufficiently 2.0 or more. Since it is a large numerical value, it is confirmed that it is excellent in the step elimination characteristics. In Examples B1 to B16, since the polishing selectivity ratio of silicon oxide to polysilicon is 60 or more, it is confirmed that a high stop property of the stopper material is achieved. On the other hand, in the comparative example, since the polishing rate ratio of the polishing rate of silicon oxide in the pattern wafer to the polishing rate of silicon oxide in the blanket wafer is less than 2.0, the polishing characteristics are inferior compared to the examples. Is confirmed.
- a polishing slurry for CMP capable of obtaining excellent step difference elimination characteristics for an insulating material having irregularities.
- the present invention also provides a polishing method using the CMP polishing liquid.
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Abstract
Description
条件(A):前記酸化セリウム粒子の平均粒子径Rが50nm以上300nm以下である。
条件(B):前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1が3.15以下である。
条件(A):前記酸化セリウム粒子の平均粒子径Rが50nm以上300nm以下である。
条件(B):前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1が3.15以下である。
本明細書において、「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、砥粒(研磨粒子)と、添加剤と、水とを含有する。本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、特定の形状を有する粒子を砥粒として使用し、特定の化学構造を有する化合物を添加剤として使用することを特徴とする。
条件(A):前記酸化セリウム粒子の平均粒子径Rが50nm以上300nm以下である。
条件(B):前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1が3.15以下である。
砥粒としては、酸化セリウム粒子を用いる。酸化セリウム粒子を砥粒として用いるCMP用研磨液は、被研磨面に生じる研磨傷が比較的少ないという特長を有する。
条件(A):前記酸化セリウム粒子の平均粒子径Rが50nm以上300nm以下である。
条件(B):前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1が3.15以下である。
平均粒子径Rは、例えば、BECKMANCOULTER社製のサブミクロン粒子アナライザー「N5」の単分散モードでの測定により得られるものである。例えば、BECKMANCOULTER社製のサブミクロン粒子アナライザー「N5」から得られるIntensity(信号の強さ)が1.0E+4~1.0E+6の範囲となるように調整(水により希釈)して得られた酸化セリウム粒子の水分散液を用いて240秒の測定を行い、得られた結果を平均粒子径Rとして用いることができる。
本実施形態において、前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1は3.15以下である。換言すれば、前記条件(A)の平均粒子径Rを有し、かつ、完全球形であるとしたときの仮想酸化セリウム粒子(仮想球状粒子)の比表面積S1を、BET法により測定される比表面積S2で割った値(S2/S1:真球度)は3.15以下である。これらの場合、凸部及び凹部の研磨速度比を充分に大きくできる。
v=vmcP/(Ps-P)(1-(P/Ps)+c(P/Ps)) ・・・(2)
[Psは、測定温度における吸着質気体の飽和蒸気圧であり、vmは、単分子層吸着量(mol/g)であり、cは、定数である。]
P/v(Ps-P)=1/vmc+(c-1)/vmc・P/Ps ・・・(3)
本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、第一の添加剤として、下記一般式(1)で表される4-ピロン系化合物を含有する。第一の添加剤は、一種類を単独で用いてもよく、二種類以上を併用してもよい。
芳香族ポリオキシアルキレン化合物は、例えば、ストッパ材料の研磨速度が過度に高くなることを抑制する効果がある。この効果が生じる理由は、芳香族ポリオキシアルキレン化合物がストッパ材料を被覆することにより、ストッパ材料の研磨が抑制されるものと推測される。このような効果は、ストッパ材料がポリシリコンである場合により顕著に得られる。
R11-O-(R12-O)m-H …(I)
[式(I)中、R11は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表し、R12は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表し、mは、15以上の整数を表す。]
H-(O-R23)n1-O-R21-R25-R22-O-(R24-O)n2-H …(II)
[式(II)中、R21及びR22は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基を表し、R23、R24及びR25は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表し、n1及びn2は、それぞれ独立に15以上の整数を表す。]
・R11としては、芳香環を有する置換基として例示した前記のアリール基が好ましく、スチレン基又はアルキル基が置換基として導入されたフェニル基がより好ましい。
・R21及びR22としては、芳香環を有する置換基として例示した前記のアリーレン基が好ましい。
・R12、R23、R24及びR25としては、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基が好ましい。
・mは、15以上が好ましく、30以上がより好ましい。
・mは、20000以下が好ましく、10000以下がより好ましく、5000以下が更に好ましく、1000以下が特に好ましい。
・n1及びn2は、15以上が好ましく、30以上がより好ましい。
・n1及びn2は、20000以下が好ましく、10000以下がより好ましく、5000以下が更に好ましく、1000以下が特に好ましい。
使用機器:日立L-6000型〔株式会社日立製作所製〕
カラム:ゲルパックGL-R420+ゲルパックGL-R430+ゲルパックGL-R440〔日立化成株式会社製 商品名、計3本〕
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
測定温度:40℃
流量:1.75mL/min
検出器:L-3300RI〔株式会社日立製作所製〕
本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、前記第一の添加剤(4-ピロン系化合物)及び前記第二の添加剤(芳香族ポリオキシアルキレン化合物)の他に、第三の添加剤として陽イオン性ポリマを含有することができる。すなわち、第三の添加剤としては、前記第一の添加剤又は前記第二の添加剤に該当する化合物を除く。本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、前記第二の添加剤及び第三の添加剤の少なくとも一方を含有することができる。
本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、第四の添加剤として飽和モノカルボン酸を更に含有することが好ましい。本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、前記第二の添加剤、前記第三の添加剤及び第四の添加剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有することができる。第四の添加剤と前記第一の添加剤とを併用することにより、凹凸を有していない絶縁材料(例えば、凹凸を有していないウエハ(ブランケットウエハ)の絶縁材料)を更に良好な研磨速度で研磨できる。一般に、凹凸を有するウエハの研磨では、凸部が優先的に研磨され、研磨が進行するに従って被研磨面が平坦になる。この場合、被研磨面の研磨速度はブランケットウエハの研磨速度に近づく傾向がある。そのため、凹凸を有する絶縁材料の研磨速度だけでなく、凹凸を有していない絶縁材料の研磨速度にも優れる研磨液は、全研磨工程を通じて良好な研磨速度が得られる点で好ましい。また、第四の添加剤と前記第一の添加剤とを併用することにより、凹凸を有する絶縁材料(例えば半導体基板)の更に高い研磨速度を達成しつつ、凹凸を有していない絶縁材料(例えば半導体基板)の研磨速度を向上させると共に、研磨速度の被研磨面内のばらつきの指標である面内均一性を向上させることができる。
CMP用研磨液の調製に用いる水としては、特に制限されるものではないが、脱イオン水、イオン交換水、超純水等が好ましい。なお、必要に応じて、エタノール、アセトン等の極性溶媒などを水と併用してもよい。
本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液は、砥粒の分散安定性、被研磨面の平坦性及び/又は被研磨面の研磨速度を更に向上させる観点から、界面活性剤、デキストリン等を含有することができる。界面活性剤としては、イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられ、非イオン性界面活性剤が好ましい。界面活性剤は、一種類を単独で用いてもよく、二種類以上を併用してもよい。
CMP用研磨液のpHの上限は、8.0未満が好ましく、7.0以下がより好ましく、6.0以下が更に好ましく、5.0以下が特に好ましい。pHが8.0未満であると、8.0以上である場合と比較して砥粒の凝集等を抑制しやすいと共に、前記添加剤の添加効果が得られやすい。CMP用研磨液のpHの下限は、1.5以上が好ましく、2.0以上がより好ましく、2.5以上が更に好ましく、3.0以上が特に好ましい。pHが1.5以上であると、1.5未満の場合と比較して絶縁材料のゼータ電位の絶対値を大きな値に容易に調整することができる。なお、pHは、液温25℃におけるpHと定義する。
(a)プロトン又はヒドロキシアニオンが、添加剤として配合した化合物に作用して当該化合物の化学形態が変化し、基板表面の絶縁材料又はストッパ材料(窒化珪素等)に対する濡れ性及び親和性が向上する。
(b)砥粒が酸化セリウム粒子であるため、砥粒と絶縁材料との接触効率が向上し、高い研磨速度が達成されやすい。これは、酸化セリウムのゼータ電位の符号が正である場合、絶縁材料のゼータ電位の符号が負であり、両者の間に静電的引力が働くためである。
CMP用研磨液は、(A)通常タイプ、(B)濃縮タイプ及び(C)2液タイプに分類でき、タイプによって調製法及び使用法が相違する。(A)通常タイプは、研磨時に希釈等の前処理をせずにそのまま使用できる研磨液である。(B)濃縮タイプは、保管又は輸送の利便性を考慮し、(A)通常タイプと比較して含有成分を濃縮した研磨液である。(C)2液タイプは、保管時又は輸送時において、一定の成分を含む液Aと、他の成分を含む液Bとに分けた状態としておき、使用に際してこれらの液を混合して使用する研磨液である。
本実施形態に係る研磨方法は、本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液を用いて絶縁材料を研磨する研磨工程を備える。本実施形態に係る研磨方法は、例えば、表面に絶縁材料を有する基板を研磨する研磨方法であって、本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液を用いて前記絶縁材料を研磨する研磨工程を備える。例えば、本実施形態に係る研磨方法は、本実施形態に係るCMP用研磨液が、表面に絶縁材料を有する基板における前記絶縁材料と、所定の研磨用の部材(研磨部材。例えば研磨パッド(研磨布))との間に供給された状態で、絶縁材料を研磨部材に押し当てると共に基板と研磨部材の少なくとも一方を動かすことにより、研磨部材によって絶縁材料を研磨する研磨工程を含む。研磨工程では、絶縁材料の少なくとも一部を研磨して除去する。研磨工程では、例えば、各成分の含有量及びpH等が調整された研磨液を使用し、表面に絶縁材料を有する基板をCMP技術によって平坦化する。
表1に示す特徴を有する酸化セリウム粒子1~9を含む水分散液を準備した。酸化セリウム粒子の含有量は水分散液の全質量基準で6質量%以上に調整した。表1中、Rは、平均粒子径を示し、S1は、平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の仮想酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積を示し、S2は、BET法により測定された酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積を示す。
[CMP用研磨液の作製]
表2及び表3に示す成分を容器内に配合した後に混合してCMP用研磨液を調製した。表2及び表3の配合量の単位は「質量%」である。CMP用研磨液のpHは、硝酸又はアンモニア水を用いて、表2及び表3に示す値に調整した。pHは、電気化学計器株式会社製の型番PHL-40を用いて測定した。表2及び表3に示す酸化セリウム粒子1~9は、表1に示す酸化セリウム粒子である。
DelsaNanoC(BECKMANCOULTER社製)を用いて、CMP用研磨液中の酸化セリウム粒子のゼータ電位を測定した。全てのゼータ電位が15mV以上100mV以下であった。
CMP評価用試験ウエハとして、凹凸を有していない(パターンが形成されていない)ブランケットウエハ(Blanketウエハ)と、凹凸を有する(パターンが形成されている)パターンウエハ(パターン付きウエハ)とを使用した。ブランケットウエハとして、厚さ1000nmの酸化珪素膜をシリコン(Si)基板(直径:300mm)上に有するウエハを用いた。パターンウエハとして、SEMATECH社製の商品名「パターンウエハ764」(直径:300mm、ストッパ:窒化珪素膜)を用いた。
(ブランケットウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度)
光干渉式膜厚装置(大日本スクリーン製造株式会社製、商品名:RE-3000)を用いて、研磨前後の酸化珪素膜の膜厚を測定し、膜厚変化量の平均から、ブランケットウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度を算出した。なお、研磨速度の単位はnm/minである。
(パターンウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度)
光干渉式膜厚装置(大日本スクリーン製造株式会社製、商品名:RE-3000)を用いて、100μm/100μmのアクティブ部(凸部)の研磨前後の膜厚を測定し、膜厚変化量の平均から、パターンウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度を算出した。なお、研磨速度の単位はnm/minである。
(研磨速度比)
ブランケットウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度に対するパターンウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度の比(パターンウエハ/ブランケットウエハ)を算出した。
[CMP用研磨液の作製]
(実施例B1)
酸化セリウム粒子1を5.0質量%、3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-4-ピロンを0.34質量%、及び、プロピオン酸を0.45質量%含有するスラリ(第一の液)を調製した。各成分の含有量は、脱イオン水を用いて調整した。スラリのpHは3.2であった。pHは、電気化学計器株式会社製の型番PHL-40を用いて測定した。
表1及び表4に示す酸化セリウム粒子と、表4に示す添加剤とを用いて、実施例B1と同様に、スラリ及び添加液を調製した後に、表4に示す含有成分を含有する研磨液を調製した。研磨液の全質量を基準として、酸化セリウム粒子の含有量は0.25質量%であり、3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-4-ピロン又は5-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-ピロンの含有量は0.017質量%であった。pH調整剤としてはアンモニア水を用いた。pHは、電気化学計器株式会社製の型番PHL-40を用いて測定した。表4中の「-」の表示は、対象の添加剤を用いていないことを意味している。
A-1:3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-4-ピロン
A-2:5-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-ピロン
B-1:ポリオキシエチレンスチレン化フェニルエーテル(花王株式会社製、商品名:エマルゲンA-500、重量平均分子量:4500~5000)
B-2:ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル(第一工業製薬株式会社製、商品名:エマルジット、重量平均分子量:3000~3500)
b-1:ポリエチレングリコール(ライオン株式会社製、商品名:PEG600、重量平均分子量:600)
C-1:ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド・アクリルアミド共重合体(ニットーボーメディカル株式会社製、商品名:PAS-J-81、重量平均分子量:200000)
C-2:ポリアリルアミン(ニットーボーメディカル株式会社製、商品名:PAA-01、重量平均分子量:1600)
C-3:ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド重合体(ニットーボーメディカル株式会社製、商品名:PAS-H-10L、重量平均分子量:200000)
D-1:プロピオン酸
DelsaNanoC(BECKMANCOULTER社製)を用いて、CMP用研磨液中の酸化セリウム粒子のゼータ電位を測定した。測定結果を表4に示す。
前記CMP用研磨液のそれぞれを用いて下記研磨条件で被研磨基板を研磨した。
・研磨装置:Reflexion(APPLIED MATERIALS社製)
・CMP用研磨液流量:250mL/min
・被研磨基板:下記「ブランケットウエハ」及び「パターンウエハ」
・研磨パッド:独立気泡を有する発泡ポリウレタン樹脂(ローム・アンド・ハース・ジャパン株式会社製、型番IC1010)
・研磨圧力:2.0psi
・基板及び研磨定盤の回転速度:100min-1(rpm)
・研磨時間:ブランケットウエハを30秒間(0.5min)、パターンウエハを60秒間(1.0min)研磨した。
凹凸を有していないブランケットウエハとして、プラズマCVD法で形成された厚さ1μm(1000nm)の酸化珪素膜をシリコン基板上に有するウエハと、CVD法で形成された厚さ0.2μm(200nm)のポリシリコン膜をシリコン基板上に有するウエハとを用いた。
(研磨速度)=(研磨前後での被研磨膜の膜厚差(nm))/(研磨時間(min))
凹凸を有するパターンウエハとして、SEMATECH社製の商品名「パターンウエハ764」(直径:300mm、ストッパ:ポリシリコン膜)を用いた。このパターンウエハについて、図2を用いて説明する。パターンウエハは、ウエハ21、ストッパ(ポリシリコン膜)22及び酸化珪素膜23を有している。図2(a)は、ウエハ21及びストッパ22の一部分を拡大した模式断面図である。ウエハ21の表面には複数の溝が形成されており、ウエハ21の凸部表面には、厚さ150nmのストッパ22が形成されている。溝の深さ(凸部の表面から凹部の底面までの段差)は500nmである。以下、凸部をアクティブ部、凹部をトレンチ部という。なお、ウエハ21には、100μm/100μmのトレンチ部/アクティブ部が形成されている。
ブランケットウエハに関する測定結果に基づき、ポリシリコンに対する酸化珪素の研磨選択比(研磨速度比R1/R2=酸化珪素の研磨速度R1/ポリシリコンの研磨速度R2)を算出した。また、ブランケットウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度R1に対するパターンウエハにおける酸化珪素の研磨速度R3の研磨速度比(パターンウエハ/ブランケットウエハ)R3/R1を算出した。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (11)
- 下記条件(A)及び(B)を満たす酸化セリウム粒子と、下記一般式(1)で表される4-ピロン系化合物と、芳香環及びポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する高分子化合物と、陽イオン性ポリマと、水と、を含有する、絶縁材料を研磨するためのCMP用研磨液。
条件(A):前記酸化セリウム粒子の平均粒子径Rが50nm以上300nm以下である。
条件(B):前記酸化セリウム粒子が前記平均粒子径Rを有する真球状の粒子であるとしたときの当該真球状の粒子の比表面積S1と、BET法により測定される前記酸化セリウム粒子の比表面積S2とにより与えられる真球度S2/S1が3.15以下である。
[式中、X11、X12及びX13は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は1価の置換基である。] - pHが8.0未満である、請求項1又は2に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- CMP用研磨液中における前記酸化セリウム粒子のゼータ電位が正である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- 前記4-ピロン系化合物が、3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-4-ピロン、5-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-ピロン、及び、2-エチル-3-ヒドロキシ-4-ピロンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- 炭素数2~6の飽和モノカルボン酸を更に含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- 前記飽和モノカルボン酸が、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、イソ酪酸、吉草酸、イソ吉草酸、ピバル酸、ヒドロアンゲリカ酸、カプロン酸、2-メチルペンタン酸、4-メチルペンタン酸、2,3-ジメチルブタン酸、2-エチルブタン酸、2,2-ジメチルブタン酸及び3,3-ジメチルブタン酸からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項6に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- pH調整剤を更に含有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCMP用研磨液。
- 表面に絶縁材料を有する基板を研磨する研磨方法であって、
請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のCMP用研磨液を用いて前記絶縁材料を研磨する工程を備える、研磨方法。 - 前記基板の前記表面がT字形状又は格子形状の凹部又は凸部を有する、請求項9に記載の研磨方法。
- 前記基板が、メモリセルを有する半導体基板である、請求項9又は10に記載の研磨方法。
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| WO2020021729A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 日立化成株式会社 | スラリ及び研磨方法 |
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| WO2021105169A1 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | Rhodia Operations | Liquid dispersion and powder of cerium based core-shell particles, process for producing the same and uses thereof in polishing |
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| JP6418174B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-11-07 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコンウェーハの片面研磨方法 |
| JP6881585B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2021-06-02 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 研磨液及び研磨方法 |
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| CN113004796A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-22 | 安集微电子科技(上海)股份有限公司 | 一种化学机械抛光液 |
| JP7255711B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-04-11 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 分散剤及び研磨剤組成物 |
| JP7327518B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-16 | 2023-08-16 | 株式会社レゾナック | 研磨剤、研磨剤用貯蔵液及び研磨方法 |
| CN114621682A (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 安集微电子(上海)有限公司 | 一种化学机械抛光液及其使用方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG11201610969UA (en) | 2017-02-27 |
| CN106471090A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| US20170210958A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
| KR20170032335A (ko) | 2017-03-22 |
| JPWO2016006553A1 (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
| TW201606065A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
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