WO2013191122A1 - 弾性波装置 - Google Patents
弾性波装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013191122A1 WO2013191122A1 PCT/JP2013/066554 JP2013066554W WO2013191122A1 WO 2013191122 A1 WO2013191122 A1 WO 2013191122A1 JP 2013066554 W JP2013066554 W JP 2013066554W WO 2013191122 A1 WO2013191122 A1 WO 2013191122A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/25—Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/0222—Details of interface-acoustic, boundary, pseudo-acoustic or Stonely wave devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
- H03H9/02574—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles of combined substrates, multilayered substrates, piezoelectrical layers on not-piezoelectrical substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/171—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator implemented with thin-film techniques, i.e. of the film bulk acoustic resonator [FBAR] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/205—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having multiple resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/704—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive films or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elastic wave device used for a resonator, a bandpass filter, and the like, and more particularly to an elastic wave device having a structure in which another material is laminated between a support substrate and a piezoelectric layer.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a surface acoustic wave device in which a hard dielectric layer, a piezoelectric film, and an IDT electrode are laminated in this order on a dielectric substrate.
- the acoustic velocity of the surface acoustic wave is increased by disposing a hard dielectric layer between the dielectric substrate and the piezoelectric film. Accordingly, the surface acoustic wave device can be increased in frequency.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which an equipotential layer is provided between the hard dielectric layer and the piezoelectric film.
- the equipotential layer is made of metal or semiconductor.
- the equipotential layer is provided in order to equalize the potential at the interface between the piezoelectric film and the hard dielectric layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an elastic wave device having good characteristics.
- An elastic wave device having a piezoelectric film includes a support substrate, a high sound velocity film formed on the support substrate, and having a higher bulk wave sound velocity propagating from the elastic wave sound velocity propagating through the piezoelectric film; A low-velocity film having a low bulk wave sound velocity propagating from the bulk wave sound velocity propagating through the piezoelectric film, a piezoelectric film laminated on the low-sonic film, An IDT electrode formed on one surface of the piezoelectric film.
- the high-order mode in which the energy concentration of the main mode, which is an elastic wave to be used is 99.9% or more in the structure portion including the high sound velocity film and above the high sound velocity film, and becomes spurious. Energy concentration is 99.5% or less.
- the sound velocity at the anti-resonance frequency of the main mode is V1 [m / s]
- the sound velocity of the high-sonic film is Vh [m / s]
- the sound velocity of the higher order mode is V2 [m / s]
- the sound velocity of the high sound velocity film is Vh [m / s]
- the wavelength of the elastic wave is ⁇ [m].
- the sound velocity of the higher order mode is V2 [m / s]
- the sound velocity of the high sound velocity film is Vh [m / s]
- the bulk wave sound velocity propagating through the support substrate is slower than the bulk wave sound velocity propagating through the high sound velocity film.
- the substrate since the substrate has a low sound velocity, the higher-order mode leaks more reliably on the substrate side. Therefore, the influence of the higher order mode can be more effectively suppressed.
- a second low-sonic film is further provided.
- the second low acoustic velocity film is laminated between the support substrate and the high acoustic velocity film.
- a second low-velocity film having a lower bulk-wave sound velocity propagating through the second low-sonic film than the bulk wave sound velocity propagating through the piezoelectric film is further provided.
- the higher order mode is likely to leak into the second low sound velocity film. Therefore, the higher order mode can be leaked by the second low sound velocity film. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the selectivity of the material for the support substrate can be increased.
- the piezoelectric film is made of a lithium tantalate single crystal or a lithium niobate single crystal.
- an ion implantation method can be used to easily form a piezoelectric thin film as a piezoelectric film.
- by selecting the cut angle it is possible to easily provide an elastic wave device having various characteristics.
- the high sound velocity film and the low sound velocity film are disposed between the support substrate and the piezoelectric film, and further include the high sound velocity film, and in the structural portion above the high sound velocity film, Since the energy concentration degree of the mode and the higher order mode is in the specific range, the energy of the elastic wave to be used can be effectively confined in the portion where the piezoelectric film and the low acoustic velocity film are laminated. In addition, higher-order modes that become spurious can be leaked to the support substrate side of the high-speed film, and higher-order mode spurious can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain good resonance characteristics and filter characteristics due to the elastic wave to be used, and to suppress an undesired response due to the higher order mode.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic front sectional view of a surface acoustic wave device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a schematic plan view showing an electrode structure thereof.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the SH wave, that is, the U2 component, which is the main mode of the surface acoustic wave device when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 0.2 ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the SH wave, that is, the U2 component, which is the main mode of the surface acoustic wave device when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 0.5 ⁇ .
- FIG. 1A is a schematic front sectional view of a surface acoustic wave device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a schematic plan view showing an electrode structure thereof.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the SH wave, that is, the U2 component, which
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the SH wave, that is, the U2 component, which is the main mode of the surface acoustic wave device when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 1.0 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the SH wave, that is, the U2 component, which is the main mode of the surface acoustic wave device when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 3.0 ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the U2 + U3 component, which is a higher order mode when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 0.5 ⁇ .
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the U2 + U3 component, which is a higher-order mode when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 1.0 ⁇ .
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the energy distribution of the U2 + U3 component which is a higher order mode when the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film is 2.0 ⁇ .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high-velocity film and the energy concentration of the surface acoustic wave in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high-sonic film, the sound speed of the main mode, which is the elastic wave used, and the sound speed of the high-sonic film.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film and the sound velocity of the main mode, which is an elastic wave to be used.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship among the film thickness of the high sonic film, the sound speed of the higher mode, and the sound speed of the high sonic film to be used.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film, the main mode that is the elastic wave to be used, and the sound speed of the higher-order mode that is spurious.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship among the film thickness of the high-sonic film, the sound speed of the higher-order mode, and the sound speed of the high-sonic film to be used.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film and the sound speed of the high-order mode that is the main mode and spurious that are the elastic waves to be used.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic front sectional view of a surface acoustic wave device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sound speed and energy concentration in the main mode and the film thickness of the high sound speed film.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film and the sound velocity in the main mode.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an approximate expression regarding the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film shown in FIG. 18 and the sound velocity in the main mode.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an approximate expression regarding the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film shown in FIG. 18 and the sound velocity in the main mode.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sound speed and energy concentration in the higher order mode, and the film thickness of the high sound speed film.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sound speed and energy concentration in the higher order mode and the film thickness of the high sound speed film.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic front sectional view showing a boundary acoustic wave device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of a boundary acoustic wave device as a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic front sectional view of a surface acoustic wave device as a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the surface acoustic wave device 1 has a support substrate 2. On the support substrate 2, a high sound velocity film 3 having a relatively high sound velocity is laminated. On the high sound velocity film 3, a low sound velocity film 4 having a relatively low sound velocity is laminated. A piezoelectric film 5 is laminated on the low acoustic velocity film 4. An IDT electrode 6 is laminated on the upper surface of the piezoelectric film 5. The IDT electrode 6 may be laminated on the lower surface of the piezoelectric film 5.
- the support substrate 2 can be made of an appropriate material as long as it can support a laminated structure including the high sound velocity film 3, the low sound velocity film 4, the piezoelectric film 5, and the IDT electrode 6.
- a piezoelectric body, a dielectric body, a semiconductor, or the like can be used.
- the support substrate 2 is made of glass.
- the high sound velocity film 3 functions to confine the surface acoustic wave in a portion where the piezoelectric film 5 and the low sound velocity film 4 are laminated.
- the high acoustic velocity film 3 is made of aluminum nitride.
- various high sound velocity materials such as aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or diamond can be used as long as the elastic wave can be confined.
- the energy concentration degree of the main mode which is an elastic wave to be used, is 99.9% or more in the structure portion including the high acoustic velocity film and above the high acoustic velocity membrane, and a higher order mode that becomes spurious.
- the energy concentration is 99.5% or less. That is, the main mode, which is an elastic wave to be used, is surely confined in the structural portion above the high acoustic velocity film. On the other hand, higher-order modes that become spurious leak to the support substrate side.
- the elastic wave to be used that is, the energy of the main mode
- the elastic wave to be used can be confined in the portion where the piezoelectric film 5 and the low-sonic film 4 are laminated, and the high-order mode that becomes spurious is selected as the high-sonic film. 3 can be leaked to the support substrate 2 side.
- the high sound velocity film refers to a film in which the acoustic velocity of the bulk wave in the high sound velocity film is higher than that of the elastic wave propagating through the piezoelectric film 5.
- the low sound velocity film is a film in which the sound velocity of the bulk wave in the low sound velocity film is lower than the bulk wave propagating through the piezoelectric film 5.
- the bulk wave mode that determines the sound velocity of the bulk wave is defined according to the use mode of the elastic wave propagating through the piezoelectric film 5.
- the high sound velocity and the low sound velocity are determined according to the right-axis bulk wave mode of Table 1 below with respect to the left-axis elastic wave main mode of Table 1 below.
- the P wave is a longitudinal wave
- the S wave is a transverse wave.
- U1 means a P wave as a main component
- U2 means an SH wave as a main component
- U3 means an elastic wave whose main component is an SV wave.
- the bulk wave mode for determining the high acoustic velocity and the low acoustic velocity is determined as shown in Table 2 below.
- the slower one of the SH wave and the SV wave is called a slow transverse wave
- the faster one is called a fast transverse wave.
- the slower transverse wave depends on the anisotropy of the material.
- the SV wave has a slow transverse wave
- the SH wave has a fast transverse wave among bulk waves.
- an appropriate material having a bulk wave sound velocity lower than the bulk wave propagating through the piezoelectric film 5 can be used.
- silicon oxide, glass, silicon oxynitride, tantalum oxide, a compound obtained by adding fluorine, carbon, or boron to silicon oxide can be used.
- the low sound velocity film and the high sound velocity film are made of an appropriate dielectric material capable of realizing the high sound velocity and the low sound velocity determined as described above.
- the piezoelectric film 5 can be formed of an appropriate piezoelectric material, but is preferably made of a piezoelectric single crystal.
- a piezoelectric single crystal an elastic wave device having various characteristics can be easily provided by selecting an Euler angle. More preferably, a lithium tantalate single crystal or a lithium niobate single crystal is used. In this case, the resonance characteristics and filter characteristics of the surface acoustic wave device 1 can be further enhanced by selecting the Euler angle.
- the IDT electrode 6 is made of Al in this embodiment.
- the IDT electrode 6 can be formed of an appropriate metal material such as Al, Cu, Pt, Au, Ag, Ti, Ni, Cr, Mo, W, or an alloy mainly composed of any of these metals.
- the IDT electrode 6 may have a structure in which a plurality of metal films made of these metals or alloys are stacked.
- the electrode structure shown in FIG. 1B is formed on the piezoelectric film 5. That is, the IDT electrode 6 and the reflectors 7 and 8 disposed on both sides of the IDT electrode 6 in the surface acoustic wave electrode direction are formed. Thus, a 1-port surface acoustic wave resonator is configured.
- the electrode structure including the IDT electrode in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be modified to constitute a ladder filter, a longitudinally coupled filter, a lattice type filter, and a transversal type filter that combine appropriate resonators and resonators. .
- the surface acoustic wave device 1 of the present embodiment is characterized in that the high sound velocity film 3, the low sound velocity film 4 and the piezoelectric film 5 are laminated as described above, and includes a high sound velocity film.
- the energy concentration of the main mode which is the elastic wave to be used, is 99.9% or more, and the energy concentration of the higher-order mode that is spurious is 99.5% or less. It is in. Accordingly, the elastic wave to be used, that is, the main mode can be effectively confined, and higher-order mode spurious can be effectively suppressed. This will be described below.
- the low acoustic velocity film 4 is disposed between the high acoustic velocity film 3 and the piezoelectric film 5, the acoustic velocity of the elastic wave is lowered.
- the energy of an elastic wave is concentrated in a medium that is essentially a low sound velocity. Therefore, the effect of confining the elastic wave energy in the piezoelectric film 5 and the IDT in which the elastic wave is excited can be enhanced. Therefore, compared with the case where the low sound velocity film 4 is not provided, according to this embodiment, loss can be reduced and Q value can be raised.
- the low acoustic velocity film 4 is disposed between the high acoustic velocity film 3 and the piezoelectric film 5, the acoustic velocity of the elastic wave is reduced as compared with the structure in which the piezoelectric film is formed on the high acoustic velocity film.
- the structure of the present invention by appropriately selecting the piezoelectric film and the low sound velocity film, it is possible to achieve a higher sound velocity than the piezoelectric film alone. In other words, high frequency is also possible in the structure of the present invention.
- the energy concentration of the main mode which is an elastic wave to be used, is 99.9% or more in the structural portion including the high sound velocity film and above the high sound velocity film, and high spurious. Since the energy concentration of the next mode is 99.5% or less, it is possible to confine the energy of the elastic wave in the portion up to the high acoustic velocity film 3 and to leak the higher order mode to the support substrate 2 side of the high acoustic velocity film 3. it can. This will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams showing energy distributions in higher-order modes.
- 2 to 8 are obtained by the finite element method based on the following surface acoustic wave device 1.
- IDT electrode 6 Al electrode
- thickness 0.08 ⁇ / piezoelectric film 5 Y-cut LiTaO 3 LiTaO 3 single crystal film
- thickness 0.25 ⁇ / low sound velocity film 4 silicon oxide film
- thickness 0.34 ⁇ / High sound velocity film 3 aluminum nitride film
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the elastic wave determined by the period of the electrode fingers of the IDT electrode.
- the vertical direction is the thickness direction of the surface acoustic wave device 1.
- the broken line A indicates the position of the upper surface of the high sonic film 3 and the broken line B indicates the position of the lower surface of the high sonic film 3.
- the U2 component that is the main mode to be used leaks downward from the lower surface of the high sonic film 3. I understand that.
- the film thickness of the aluminum nitride film constituting the high sonic speed film 3 is 0.5 ⁇ or more, it is above the lower surface of the high sonic speed film 3. It can be seen that the U2 component, that is, the energy of the SH wave is well confined.
- the energy of the main mode that is, the elastic wave to be used can be effectively confined by setting the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film 3 to 0.5 ⁇ or more.
- the energy of the main mode is confined by 99.9% or more. That is, the energy concentration of the main mode is 99.9% or more.
- FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the energy distributions of higher-order modes when the film thickness of the high sonic film 3 made of an aluminum nitride film is 0.5 ⁇ , 1.0 ⁇ , and 2.0 ⁇ , respectively.
- the U2 component + U3 component of the higher-order mode becomes a problem as spurious.
- FIG. 8 it can be seen that when the film thickness of the aluminum nitride film is 2.0 ⁇ , the U2 component and the U3 component are distributed with higher energy than the high sound velocity film 3.
- the energy concentration degree above the high acoustic velocity film 3 in the higher order mode is lower than that in the main mode. It can be seen that the U2 component and the U3 component are considerably leaked to the support substrate 2 side of the high acoustic velocity film 3.
- nitriding is performed so that the energy concentration of the main mode, which is the elastic wave to be used, is 99.9% or more, and the energy concentration of the higher-order mode that is spurious is 99.5% or less.
- the film thickness of the aluminum film is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ to 1.0 ⁇ , the higher mode can be leaked from the high acoustic velocity film 3 to the support substrate 2 side while confining the energy of the main mode. Therefore, it can be seen that good characteristics due to the main mode, that is, the surface acoustic wave can be obtained, and spurious out-of-band due to the higher order mode can be effectively suppressed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the energy concentration levels of the main mode and the higher-order mode when the film thickness of the high sonic velocity film 3 is changed.
- shaft of FIG. 9 shows each energy concentration degree (%) of a main mode and a high-order mode.
- the energy concentration degree indicates the ratio of the energy of the mode confined in the laminated structure of the IDT electrode 6 / piezoelectric film 5 / low sound velocity film 4 / high sound velocity film 3 to the total energy of the mode. If this energy concentration is 100%, it means that no energy leaks to the support substrate 2 side. When it is lower than 100%, the decrease in concentration means the proportion of energy leaking to the support substrate 2 side.
- the film thickness of the high sound velocity film is 0.5 ⁇ or more
- the energy concentration in the main mode is almost 100%. Therefore, it can be seen that the main mode can be effectively confined. It can also be seen that the higher order mode can be leaked by setting the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film 3 to 1.2 ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness of the high sound velocity film 3 needs to be 0.5 ⁇ or more and 1.2 ⁇ or less.
- the energy concentration of the higher order modes In order to leak higher order modes and suppress spurious, it is desirable to set the energy concentration of the higher order modes to 99.9% or less, more preferably 98% or less. Therefore, if the film thickness is 1.2 ⁇ or less, the energy concentration degree of the higher-order mode can be less than 100%, so that the higher-order mode can be leaked to the support substrate side as described above. However, more preferably, by setting the film thickness of the high acoustic velocity film 3 to 1.0 ⁇ or less, the energy concentration degree in the higher-order mode can be set to 99.5% or less, and the film thickness is 0.8 ⁇ or less. By doing so, the energy concentration degree of the higher-order mode can be reduced to 98% or less. Therefore, the upper limit of the film thickness of the high sound velocity film 3 is preferably 1.0 ⁇ or less, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ or less.
- the results shown in FIGS. 2 to 9 are the evaluation results when the piezoelectric film 5 is a LiTaO 3 single crystal, the low acoustic velocity film 4 is silicon oxide, and the high acoustic velocity film 3 is an aluminum nitride film.
- the same results as in FIGS. 2 to 9 can be obtained even when the piezoelectric film 5, the low acoustic velocity film 4, and the high acoustic velocity film 3 are made of other materials.
- FIG. 17 shows that the Al electrode film thickness is 0.08 ⁇ , the Y-cut LT thickness is 0.01 ⁇ to 0.5 ⁇ , the low sound velocity film thickness is 0.05 ⁇ to 2.00 ⁇ , and the sound velocity of the high sound velocity film is 4200 m / sec. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the sound speed of the main mode at the time of doing, energy concentration, and the film thickness of a high-speed film thickness. It can be seen that the energy of the main mode is more likely to leak when the sound speed of the main mode is increased, and more likely to leak when the film thickness of the high sound velocity film is reduced.
- the relationship between the high sound velocity film thickness and the main mode sound velocity when the energy concentration in the main mode is 99.99% is plotted. This is shown in FIG.
- the sound speed in the main mode means the sound speed at the antiresonance frequency.
- the sound velocity Vh [m / s] of the high sound velocity film is divided into cases, the sound velocity V1 at the antiresonance frequency of the main mode and the wavelength ⁇ [m of the surface acoustic wave at the sound velocity Vh of each high sound velocity film. ] And the relationship with the film thickness Th of the high acoustic velocity film normalized. The results are shown below.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a result of the relationship between the film thickness of the high-sonic film, the elastic wave to be used, that is, the sound speed of the main mode, and the sound speed of the high-sonic film used by the finite element method.
- the relationship in FIG. 10 when the sound velocity of the high sound velocity film is 4200 m / sec is the above-described equation (1).
- FIG. 10 shows a calculation of the relationship between the high sound velocity film thickness and the main mode sound velocity at the sound velocity of each high sound velocity film.
- the assumed structure is as follows.
- IDT electrode 6 Al electrode
- film thickness is 0.08 ⁇ / piezoelectric film 5: Y-cut LiTaO 3 single crystal
- film thickness is 0.01 ⁇ to 0.50 ⁇ / low sound velocity film 4: silicon oxide film
- film Thickness 0.05 ⁇ to 2.00 ⁇ / high sound velocity film 3 various high sound velocity films having a sound velocity of 4200 m / second to 6000 m / second, film thickness less than 1.6 ⁇ / support substrate 2: glass substrate.
- the sound speed of the high sound velocity film can be changed by varying the materials constituting the high sound velocity film.
- a plurality of high sound velocity films in the range of 4200 m / second to 6000 m / second are used. The result was shown.
- the sound speed of the main mode in FIG. 10 indicates the sound speed of the main mode when leakage to the support substrate 2 side in the main mode starts when the sound speed of the high sound velocity film is 4200 m / sec to 6000 m / sec. If the sound speed of the main mode is slower than each curve shown in FIG. 10, the main mode can be completely confined above the high sound velocity film 3. Therefore, good device characteristics can be obtained.
- Such control of the sound speed in the main mode can be realized by selecting each film thickness and material of the IDT electrode 6, the piezoelectric film 5, and the low sound speed film 4. As an example, when the surface acoustic wave device of the following first structure example is configured, the sound speed in the main mode is about 3800 m / sec.
- IDT electrode 6 Al film, thickness 0.08 ⁇ / piezoelectric film 5: Y-cut LiTaO 3 single crystal, thickness 0.25 ⁇ / low sound velocity film 4: SiO 2 , thickness 0.35 ⁇ / high sound velocity film 3: aluminum nitride film, The speed of sound is 5800 m / sec.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound velocity film and the sound velocity in the main mode when the sound velocity of the high sound velocity film is 5800 m / sec.
- the curve in FIG. 11 shows the sound speed at which the main mode starts leaking when the sound speed of the high sound speed film is 5800 m / sec. Above this curve, the main mode leaks and good elastic wave characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the sound speed in the main mode is 3800 m / sec
- the sound speed in the main mode is located at the position indicated by the broken line D in FIG. Therefore, in this case, it can be seen that the film thickness of the high sound velocity film should be 0.6 ⁇ or more.
- the main mode is more effectively confined more effectively by controlling the sound speed of the high sound speed film 3, the film thickness of the high sound speed film 3, and the sound speed of the main mode. Can do.
- the IDT electrode 6 is made of Al
- the piezoelectric film 5 is made of LiTaO 3
- the low acoustic velocity film 4 is made of silicon oxide.
- the presupposed structure is as the second structure example below.
- the relationship between the high sound velocity film thickness and the sound velocity of the higher order mode when the energy concentration degree of the higher order mode is 99.5% is plotted. This is shown in FIG. Using this result of FIG. 20, this relationship was set so that the energy concentration degree of the higher-order mode would satisfy 99.5% or less. Then, the sound velocity Vh [m / s] of the high sound velocity film is divided into cases, and is normalized by the sound velocity V2 of the higher order mode and the wavelength ⁇ [m] of the surface acoustic wave at the sound velocity Vh of each high sound velocity film. The relationship with the film thickness Th of the high acoustic velocity film was calculated. The results are shown below.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship among the film thickness of the high sonic film, the sound speed of the higher order mode, and the sound speed of the high sonic film.
- the relationship at the time of the sound velocity of each high sound velocity film in FIG. 12 is the above-described relational expression. That is, each curve in FIG. 12 shows the sound speed of the higher-order mode when the higher-order mode starts to leak toward the support substrate 2 when the sound velocity of the high-speed film is in the range of 4200 m / sec to 6000 m / sec. Indicates. When the sound speed of the higher order mode becomes faster than the curve shown in FIG. 12, the higher order mode leaks to the support substrate 2 side.
- the higher order mode can be leaked downward from the high sound velocity film 3, and spurious can be suppressed.
- Such high-order mode sound speed control can be achieved by controlling the film thickness and materials of the IDT electrode 6, the piezoelectric film 5, and the low sound speed film 4.
- a surface acoustic wave device having the following structure is given. In this case, the sound speed in the main mode is 3800 m / second, and the sound speed in the higher mode is 5240 m / second.
- IDT electrode 6 Al film, thickness 0.08 ⁇ / piezoelectric film 5: Y-cut LiTaO 3 single crystal, thickness 0.25 ⁇ / low sound velocity film 4: SiO 2 , thickness 0.35 ⁇ / high sound velocity film 3: aluminum nitride film, Speed of sound 5800m / sec, thickness 0.70 ⁇ / glass support substrate
- FIG. 13 shows the sound speed at which leakage of the main mode and the higher mode starts when the sound speed of the high sound speed film 3 is 5800 m / sec.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the film thickness of the high sound speed film and the sound speeds of the main mode and the higher order mode, that is, the sound speed when the main mode and the higher order mode start leaking.
- the film thickness of the high sound velocity film is 0.6 ⁇ or more, the main mode can be effectively confined when the sound velocity in the main mode is 3800 m / sec.
- the film thickness of the high sound velocity film should be 1.05 ⁇ or less in order to suppress the higher order mode.
- the optimum film thickness can be set by referring to FIG. 12 even when other structures and materials are used.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. That is, on the premise of the second structural example used to obtain the result of FIG. 12, the sound speed of the higher order mode when the higher order mode starts to leak to the support substrate 2 side, the film thickness of the high speed film, The relationship with the speed of sound of a high speed film is shown. However, here, the vertical axis represents the speed of sound of the higher order mode when the higher order mode leaks 2.0% or more to the support substrate 2 side. Therefore, compared with the case of FIG. 12, in the result shown in FIG. 14, the higher-order mode leaks further to the support substrate 2 side. That is, if the film thickness of the high sonic film 3 is set so as to increase the sound speed of the higher order mode than the curves shown in FIG. 14, the higher order mode can be effectively leaked to the support substrate 2 side.
- FIG. 14 the derivation of FIG. 14 was performed in the same manner as in the case of FIGS. That is, the relationship between the high-sonic film thickness and the high-order mode sound velocity when the energy concentration in the high-order mode is 98% is plotted. This is shown in FIG. With reference to FIG. 21, this relationship was set so that the energy concentration degree of the higher-order mode satisfied 98% or less. Then, the sound velocity Vh [m / s] of the high sound velocity film is divided into cases, and is normalized by the sound velocity V2 of the higher order mode and the wavelength ⁇ [m] of the surface acoustic wave at the sound velocity Vh of each high sound velocity film. The relationship with the film thickness Th of the high acoustic velocity film was calculated. The results are shown below.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the film thickness of the high sonic film and the sound speed of the main mode and the higher mode in the case where the sound speed of the high sonic film is 5800 m / sec.
- the solid line in FIG. 15 represents the main mode, and the alternate long and short dash line represents the sound speed at which the higher order mode starts to leak.
- the main mode can be effectively confined by setting the film thickness of the high sound velocity film to 0.6 ⁇ or more.
- the higher-order mode can be sufficiently leaked. Therefore, it is preferable that the film thickness of the high sound velocity film is in the range of 0.6 ⁇ to 0.85 ⁇ .
- the optimum film thickness can be set by referring to FIG. Thereby, higher-order modes can be further suppressed than the conditions of FIG.
- FIG. 15 demonstrated about the case where the film thickness of a high-sonic-speed film
- the sound velocity of the support substrate 2 is low. As a result, more high-order mode energy can be leaked to the support substrate 2 side. Therefore, it is preferable that the sound speed of the support substrate 2 is slower than the sound speed of the high sound speed film 3.
- a glass substrate is used as the support substrate 2, but alumina may be used instead of glass.
- a second low acoustic velocity film 9 may be laminated between the high acoustic velocity film 3 and the support substrate 2.
- the second low sound velocity film 9 the same material as that of the low sound velocity film 4 can be used.
- the second low acoustic velocity film 9 is made of silicon oxide. When silicon oxide is used, the absolute value of the frequency temperature coefficient TCF can be lowered to improve the temperature characteristics.
- the higher order mode can be effectively leaked to the second low sound velocity film 9 from the high sound velocity film 3 side. Therefore, even when the support substrate 2 is configured using a support substrate material having a high sonic velocity such as alumina, the higher order mode can be leaked downward from the high sonic velocity film 3. Therefore, when the second low sound velocity film 9 is used, the degree of freedom in selecting the material constituting the support substrate 2 can be increased.
- LiTaO 3 single crystal, LiNbO 3 single crystal, or the like When LiTaO 3 single crystal, LiNbO 3 single crystal, or the like is used, a thin piezoelectric thin film can be easily obtained by a process that uses ion implantation and a peeling method from the ion implanted portion.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic front cross-sectional view showing a boundary acoustic wave device 43 as a third embodiment.
- a boundary acoustic wave device 43 As a third embodiment.
- a low sound velocity film 4 / a high sound velocity film 3 / a support substrate 2 are laminated in order from the top.
- This structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the IDT electrode 6 is formed on the interface between the piezoelectric film 5 and the dielectric 44 laminated on the piezoelectric film 5.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic front sectional view of a so-called three-medium structure boundary acoustic wave device 45 as a fourth embodiment.
- the IDT electrode 6 is formed at the interface between the piezoelectric film 5 and the dielectric 46 in contrast to the structure in which the low acoustic velocity film 4 / the high acoustic velocity membrane 3 / the support substrate 2 are laminated below the piezoelectric membrane 5.
- a dielectric 47 having a faster transverse wave speed than the dielectric 46 is laminated on the dielectric 46. Thereby, a so-called three-medium structure boundary acoustic wave device is configured.
- the low acoustic velocity film 4 / the high acoustic velocity membrane 3 are disposed below the piezoelectric film 5 similarly to the surface acoustic wave device 1 of the first embodiment.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
Description
V1≦125.9×Th2-102.0×Th+3715.0
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V1≦296.3×Th2-253.0×Th+3742.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V1≦506.1×Th2-391.5×Th+3759.2
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V1≦768.0×Th2-552.4×Th+3776.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V1≦848.5×Th2-541.6×Th+3767.8
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V1≦1065.2×Th2-709.4×Th+3792.8
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V1≦1197.1×Th2-695.0×Th+3779.8
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V1≦1393.8×Th2-843.8×Th+3801.5
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V1≦1713.7×Th2-1193.3×Th+3896.1
・6000≦Vhの場合;
V1≦1839.9×Th2-1028.7×Th+3814.1
V2≧187.0×Th2-137.0×Th+3919.7
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-115.0×Th2+515.0×Th+3796.4
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-268.4×Th2+898.0×Th+3728.8
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-352.8×Th2+1125.2×Th+3726.8
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-568.7×Th2+1564.3×Th+3657.2
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-434.2×Th2+1392.6×Th+3808.2
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-576.5×Th2+1717.1×Th+3748.3
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-602.9×Th2+1882.6×Th+3733.7
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V2≧-576.9×Th2+2066.9×Th+3703.7
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V2≧-627.0×Th2+2256.1×Th+3705.7
V2≧197.8×Th2-158.0×Th+4128.5
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-119.5×Th2+523.8×Th+3992.7
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-274.0×Th2+908.9×Th+3924.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-372.3×Th2+1162.9×Th+3910.9
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-573.4×Th2+1573.9×Th+3852.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-443.7×Th2+1411.0×Th+4000.5
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-557.0×Th2+1679.2×Th+3964.2
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-581.0×Th2+1840.1×Th+3951.6
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V2≧-570.7×Th2+2054.7×Th+3908.8
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V2≧-731.1×Th2+2408.0×Th+3857.0
エネルギー集中度(%)=(E1/E_total×100)
で計算される。
V1≦296.3×Th2-253.0×Th+3742.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V1≦506.1×Th2-391.5×Th+3759.2
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V1≦768.0×Th2-552.4×Th+3776.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V1≦848.5×Th2-541.6×Th+3767.8
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V1≦1065.2×Th2-709.4×Th+3792.8
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V1≦1197.1×Th2-695.0×Th+3779.8
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V1≦1393.8×Th2-843.8×Th+3801.5
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V1≦1713.7×Th2-1193.3×Th+3896.1
・6000≦Vhの場合;
V1≦1839.9×Th2-1028.7×Th+3814.1
IDT電極6:Al膜、厚み0.08λ/圧電膜5:YカットLiTaO3単結晶、厚み0.25λ/低音速膜4:SiO2、厚み0.35λ/高音速膜3:窒化アルミニウム膜、音速5800m/秒。
IDT電極6:Al膜、膜厚は変化させた/圧電膜5:YカットLiTaO3単結晶、膜厚=0.01λ~0.50λ/低音速膜4:酸化ケイ素、膜厚0.05λ~2.00λ/高音速膜3:音速が4200m/秒~6000m/秒の各種高音速膜、膜厚は1.6λ以下とした/支持基板2:ガラス基板。
V2≧187.0×Th2-137.0×Th+3919.7
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-115.0×Th2+515.0×Th+3796.4
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-268.4×Th2+898.0×Th+3728.8
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-352.8×Th2+1125.2×Th+3726.8
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-568.7×Th2+1564.3×Th+3657.2
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-434.2×Th2+1392.6×Th+3808.2
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-576.5×Th2+1717.1×Th+3748.3
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-602.9×Th2+1882.6×Th+3733.7
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V2≧-576.9×Th2+2066.9×Th+3703.7
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V2≧-627.0×Th2+2256.1×Th+3705.7
IDT電極6:Al膜、厚み0.08λ/圧電膜5:YカットLiTaO3単結晶、厚み0.25λ/低音速膜4:SiO2、厚み0.35λ/高音速膜3:窒化アルミニウム膜、音速5800m/秒、厚み0.70λ/ガラス支持基板
V2≧197.8×Th2-158.0×Th+4128.5
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-119.5×Th2+523.8×Th+3992.7
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-274.0×Th2+908.9×Th+3924.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-372.3×Th2+1162.9×Th+3910.9
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-573.4×Th2+1573.9×Th+3852.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-443.7×Th2+1411.0×Th+4000.5
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-557.0×Th2+1679.2×Th+3964.2
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-581.0×Th2+1840.1×Th+3951.6
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合
V2≧-570.7×Th2+2054.7×Th+3908.8
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合
V2≧-731.1×Th2+2408.0×Th+3857.0
上述してきた各実施形態では弾性表面波装置につき説明したが、本発明は、弾性境界波装置などの他の弾性波装置にも適用することができ、その場合であっても同様の効果を得ることができる。図22は、第3の実施形態としての弾性境界波装置43を示す模式的正面断面図である。ここでは、圧電膜5の下方に、上から順に低音速膜4/高音速膜3/支持基板2が積層されている。この構造は、第1の実施形態と同様である。そして、弾性境界波を励振するために、圧電膜5と圧電膜5上に積層された誘電体44との界面にIDT電極6が形成されている。
2…支持基板
3…高音速膜
4…低音速膜
5…圧電膜
6…IDT電極
7,8…反射器
9…第2の低音速膜
43…弾性境界波装置
44…誘電体
45…弾性境界波装置
46,47…誘電体
Claims (7)
- 圧電膜を有する弾性波装置であって、
支持基板と、
前記支持基板上に形成されており、前記圧電膜を伝搬する弾性波音速より伝搬するバルク波音速が高速である高音速膜と、
前記高音速膜上に積層されており、前記圧電膜を伝搬するバルク波音速より伝搬するバルク波音速が低速である低音速膜と、
前記低音速膜上に積層された前記圧電膜と、
前記圧電膜の一方面に形成されているIDT電極とを備え、
高音速膜を含み、かつ高音速膜より上方の構造部分において、利用する弾性波であるメインモードのエネルギー集中度が99.9%以上であり、かつ、スプリアスとなる高次モードのエネルギー集中度が99.5%以下とされる、弾性波装置。 - メインモードの反共振周波数における音速をV1[m/s]、高音速膜の音速をVh[m/s]、弾性波の波長λ[m]で規格化された高音速膜の膜厚をTh(=高音速膜厚/λ)としたときに、以下の各VhにおいてV1とThが以下の関係式を満たす、請求項1に記載の弾性波装置。
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V1≦125.9×Th2-102.0×Th+3715.0
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V1≦296.3×Th2-253.0×Th+3742.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V1≦506.1×Th2-391.5×Th+3759.2
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V1≦768.0×Th2-552.4×Th+3776.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V1≦848.5×Th2-541.6×Th+3767.8
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V1≦1065.2×Th2-709.4×Th+3792.8
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V1≦1197.1×Th2-695.0×Th+3779.8
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V1≦1393.8×Th2-843.8×Th+3801.5
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V1≦1713.7×Th2-1193.3×Th+3896.1
・6000≦Vhの場合;
V1≦1839.9×Th2-1028.7×Th+3814.1 - 高次モードの音速をV2[m/s]、高音速膜の音速をVh[m/s]、弾性波の波長λ[m]で規格化された高音速膜の膜厚をTh(=高音速膜厚/λ)としたときに、以下の各VhにおいてV2とThが以下の関係式を満たす、請求項2に記載の弾性波装置。
・Vh<4200の場合;
V2≧187.0×Th2-137.0×Th+3919.7
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-115.0×Th2+515.0×Th+3796.4
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-268.4×Th2+898.0×Th+3728.8
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-352.8×Th2+1125.2×Th+3726.8
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-568.7×Th2+1564.3×Th+3657.2
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-434.2×Th2+1392.6×Th+3808.2
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-576.5×Th2+1717.1×Th+3748.3
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-602.9×Th2+1882.6×Th+3733.7
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V2≧-576.9×Th2+2066.9×Th+3703.7
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V2≧-627.0×Th2+2256.1×Th+3705.7 - 高次モードの音速をV2[m/s]、高音速膜の音速をVh[m/s]、弾性波の波長λ[m]で規格化された高音速膜の膜厚をTh(=高音速膜厚/λ)としたときに、以下の各VhにおいてV2とThが以下の関係式を満たす、請求項2に記載の弾性波装置。
・Vh<4200の場合;
V2≧197.8×Th2-158.0×Th+4128.5
・4200≦Vh<4400の場合;
V2≧-119.5×Th2+523.8×Th+3992.7
・4400≦Vh<4600の場合;
V2≧-274.0×Th2+908.9×Th+3924.2
・4600≦Vh<4800の場合;
V2≧-372.3×Th2+1162.9×Th+3910.9
・4800≦Vh<5000の場合;
V2≧-573.4×Th2+1573.9×Th+3852.8
・5000≦Vh<5200の場合;
V2≧-443.7×Th2+1411.0×Th+4000.5
・5200≦Vh<5400の場合;
V2≧-557.0×Th2+1679.2×Th+3964.2
・5400≦Vh<5600の場合;
V2≧-581.0×Th2+1840.1×Th+3951.6
・5600≦Vh<5800の場合;
V2≧-570.7×Th2+2054.7×Th+3908.8
・5800≦Vh<6000の場合;
V2≧-731.1×Th2+2408.0×Th+3857.0 - 前記支持基板を伝搬するバルク波音速が、前記高音速膜を伝搬するバルク波音速よりも遅い、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の弾性波装置。
- 前記支持基板と前記高音速膜との間に積層されており、かつ前記圧電膜を伝搬するバルク波音速よりも伝搬するバルク波音速が低速である、第2の低音速膜をさらに備える、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の弾性波装置。
- 前記圧電膜が、タンタル酸リチウム単結晶またはニオブ酸リチウム単結晶からなる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の弾性波装置。
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| JP2014521448A JP5835480B2 (ja) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-17 | 弾性波装置 |
| CN201380032010.7A CN104380601B (zh) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-17 | 弹性波装置 |
| DE112013003118.3T DE112013003118B4 (de) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-17 | Bauelement für elastische Wellen |
| US14/576,748 US9621128B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2014-12-19 | Elastic wave device including a high acoustic velocity film and a low acoustic velocity film |
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| JP2012-140396 | 2012-06-22 |
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| WO2015137089A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
| WO2015151705A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性表面波フィルタ |
| WO2015156232A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波フィルタ装置 |
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| WO2018173918A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
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| JP5713025B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2015-05-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2015137089A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
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| DE112015001771B4 (de) | 2014-04-11 | 2019-05-23 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Filtervorrichtung für elastische Wellen |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013191122A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
| CN104380601B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
| US20150102705A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
| JP5835480B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
| DE112013003118B4 (de) | 2017-12-07 |
| US9621128B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
| DE112013003118T5 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
| CN104380601A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
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