WO2011052428A1 - 非水系電解液およびそれを備えたデバイス - Google Patents
非水系電解液およびそれを備えたデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052428A1 WO2011052428A1 PCT/JP2010/068359 JP2010068359W WO2011052428A1 WO 2011052428 A1 WO2011052428 A1 WO 2011052428A1 JP 2010068359 W JP2010068359 W JP 2010068359W WO 2011052428 A1 WO2011052428 A1 WO 2011052428A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present embodiment relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a device including the same.
- lithium ion secondary batteries can realize high energy density, so they are attracting attention as power sources for mobile phones and laptop computers, as well as large power storage power sources and automotive power sources. Has been.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries can achieve a high energy density, but as the size increases, the energy density becomes enormous and higher safety is required. For example, large power storage power supplies and automobile power supplies are required to have particularly high safety. As safety measures, structural designs for cells and packages, protective circuits, electrode materials, and additives with overcharge prevention functions In addition, the separator shutdown function has been enhanced.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries use aprotic solvents such as cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates as electrolyte solvents, and these carbonates have a high dielectric constant and high ionic conductivity of lithium ions, but have a flash point. Is low and flammable.
- One way to further improve the safety of lithium ion secondary batteries is to make the electrolyte solution flame-retardant.
- a technique for making an electrolyte solution flame-retardant a method of adding a phosphazene compound as a flame retardant is disclosed.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Patent Document 1 uses a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a phosphazene derivative or a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a solvent in which an aprotic organic solvent is further added to the phosphazene derivative as an electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Patent Document 2 uses a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a chain-type phosphazene derivative or a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a solvent in which an aprotic organic solvent is further added to the phosphazene derivative as an electrolyte.
- Patent Document 3 has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a supporting salt, an organic solvent, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a phosphazene derivative, and the potential window of the phosphazene derivative has a lower limit value of +0.5 V or less.
- the upper limit value is +4.5 V or more and the potential window of the organic solvent is wider than the potential window of the phosphazene derivative.
- Patent Document 4 includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a phosphazene derivative having a conductivity of 2.0 mS / cm at least when the support salt and lithium salt solution (0.5 mol / l) is small. There is a description regarding a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- carbonates used as the electrolyte solvent The technology used is known. Since this SEI has a large effect on charge / discharge efficiency, cycle characteristics, and safety, it is known that control of SEI at the negative electrode is indispensable. SEI reduces the irreversible capacity of carbon materials and oxide materials. Can be reduced.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent, a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule, and 1% by mass or more based on the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- a phosphazene derivative By containing 25% by mass or less of a phosphazene derivative, it is possible to ensure safety and reliability in abnormal battery heating and the like, and to obtain excellent battery performance such as cycle characteristics.
- Providing an aqueous electrolyte is described.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for battery of Patent Document 6 includes a non-aqueous solution containing a cyclic phosphazene compound and a difluorophosphate ester compound, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,3-butane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, and 1,3 , 2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, and at least one cyclic sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of, and a supporting salt.
- JP-A-6-13108 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-144757 JP 2001-217005 A JP 2001-217007 A JP 2006-24380 A JP 2008-41413 A
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 and 6 since the phosphazene compound is gradually reduced and decomposed on the negative electrode during long-term use, the capacity retention rate of the battery may be greatly reduced.
- Patent Document 5 the reductive decomposition of the phosphazene compound is suppressed by adding vinylene carbonate capable of forming SEI.
- vinylene carbonate capable of forming SEI.
- the resistance increases.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery may be greatly reduced.
- the safety ratio after long-term use may decrease due to a decrease in the ratio of the flame retardant in the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of additive corresponding to the amount of flame retardant added is required, so the resistance of the battery is greatly increased and the capacity and rate characteristics are drastically increased. May fall.
- the problem of the present embodiment is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte having a high flame retardancy and a good capacity retention rate, and a device including the same.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in a device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and a phosphazene structure represented by a lithium salt and the following formula (1): And at least one disulfonic acid ester selected from a cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the following formula (2) and a chain disulfonic acid ester represented by the following formula (3): It contains 0.05 mass% or more and 12.0 mass% or less with respect to the whole liquid.
- X ⁇ 1 >, X ⁇ 2 > represents a halogen element or a monovalent substituent each independently, and a monovalent substituent is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an aryloxy group.
- N represents an integer of 3 to 5.
- Formula (1) may be cyclic
- Q is an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond
- a 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be branched, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a branched group.
- R 1 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, A substituted or unsubstituted fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, —SO 2 X 11 (X 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), —SY 11 (Y 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), —COZ (Z is a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) and a halogen atom, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment is characterized in that a part of the disulfonic acid ester contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is replaced with a sultone compound represented by the following formula (4).
- R 8 to R 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom having 6 or more carbon atoms, An atom or group selected from 12 or less aryl groups, m represents an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains the compound having the phosphazene structure in an amount of 3.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte solution. It is characterized by.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment is characterized in that the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is gelled with a polymer.
- the device according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the device is a lithium ion secondary battery or a capacitor and includes the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the reductive decomposition of the compound having the phosphazene structure on the negative electrode active material can be suppressed by containing the specific disulfonic acid ester having a high inhibitory effect on the reductive decomposition of the compound having the phosphazene structure. Therefore, an increase in resistance due to reductive decomposition of a compound having a phosphazene structure can be suppressed, and a good capacity retention rate can be obtained over a long period of time.
- a compound having a phosphazene structure can be suppressed over a long period of time, an effective amount of a compound having a phosphazene structure exists in the electrolyte even after long-term use. be able to. Furthermore, the amount of gas generated during the initial charging can be reduced.
- Fig.1 (a) shows the top view of a positive electrode
- FIG.1 (b) shows the side view of a positive electrode
- Fig.2 (a) shows the top view of a negative electrode
- FIG.2 (b) shows the side view of a negative electrode. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of the battery element after winding of the lithium ion secondary battery of this embodiment.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in a device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and a phosphazene structure represented by a lithium salt and the following formula (1): And at least one disulfonic acid ester selected from a cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the following formula (2) and a chain disulfonic acid ester represented by the following formula (3): It contains 0.05 mass% or more and 12.0 mass% or less with respect to the whole liquid.
- X ⁇ 1 >, X ⁇ 2 > represents a halogen element or a monovalent substituent each independently, and a monovalent substituent is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an aryloxy group.
- N represents an integer of 3 to 5.
- Formula (1) may be cyclic
- Q is an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond
- a 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be branched, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a branched group.
- R 1 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, A substituted or unsubstituted fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, —SO 2 X 11 (X 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), —SY 11 (Y 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), —COZ (Z is a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) and a halogen atom, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon
- the compound represented by the formula (1) is used because it has flame retardancy.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) include monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene. These compounds may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- X 1 and X 2 may be independently different groups between units.
- a compound represented by the above formula (2) is used as the cyclic disulfonic acid ester, and a compound represented by the above formula (3) is used as the chain disulfonic acid ester.
- the ratio of at least one compound selected from the cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the formula (2) and the chain disulfonic acid ester represented by the formula (3) to the non-aqueous electrolyte is the entire non-aqueous electrolyte. It is 0.05 mass% or more and 12 mass% or less. When the ratio is less than 0.05% by mass with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte, the effect of the surface film that suppresses the reductive decomposition of the compound having the phosphazene structure cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the ratio is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and by making it within this range, the effect of the surface film can be further improved.
- the generation amount of the gas at the time of first charge can be reduced, and it is preferable also from a viewpoint of safety.
- a compound having a phosphazene structure and a disulfonic acid ester coexist in the non-aqueous electrolyte at the above-mentioned ratio, so that the reaction mechanism is different from that of SEI formation by a non-aqueous electrolyte containing only a disulfonic acid ester. It is thought that SEI incorporating a compound having a structure can be formed.
- non-aqueous electrolyte solution it is preferable to replace a part of the disulfonic acid ester contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution with a sultone compound represented by the following formula (4).
- R 8 to R 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom having 6 or more carbon atoms, A hydrogen atom or a group selected from 12 or less aryl groups, and m represents an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less.
- 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone or derivatives thereof can be used, but not limited thereto. These compounds may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte preferably contains the compound having the phosphazene structure in an amount of 3.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a sufficient flame retardant effect is obtained by containing a compound having a phosphazene structure in an amount of 3.0% by mass or more based on the whole non-aqueous electrolyte, and a decrease in ion conductivity is suppressed by containing 20.0% by mass or less. can do.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be a gel electrolyte that is gelled with a polymer.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment may include an aprotic solvent.
- aprotic solvents include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), cyclic carbonates such as vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl.
- Linear carbonates such as carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC), aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate, ⁇ -lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2- Chain ethers such as ethoxyethane (DEE) and ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl ether Tylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivatives, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazo
- lithium salt contained as an electrolyte in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiClO 4, LiAlCl 4, LiN (C q F 2q + 1 SO 2) (C r F 2r + 1 SO 2 ) (q and r are natural numbers), LiCF 3 SO 3 and the like.
- LiCF 3 SO 3 LiCF 3 SO 3 and the like.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode of the device including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment for example, one or two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, lithium alloy and a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions Substances can be used.
- a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions a carbon material or silicon and an oxide can be used.
- graphite that absorbs lithium, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite material thereof can be used.
- graphite has high electron conductivity, excellent adhesion to a current collector made of a metal such as copper, and voltage flatness, and it is formed at a high processing temperature, resulting in low impurity content and improved negative electrode performance. Is advantageous.
- a composite material of graphite with high crystallinity and amorphous carbon with low crystallinity can be used.
- silicon and oxide silicon, silicon oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, phosphoric acid, boric acid, or a composite thereof can be used. It is preferable to include.
- the structure is preferably in an amorphous state. This is because silicon oxide is stable and does not cause a reaction with other compounds, and the amorphous structure does not lead to deterioration due to nonuniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
- a film forming method a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, a sputtering method, or the like can be used.
- the lithium alloy is composed of lithium and a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium is composed of a binary or ternary alloy of a metal such as Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, and lithium.
- the lithium metal or lithium alloy is particularly preferably amorphous. This is because the amorphous structure hardly causes deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
- Lithium metal and lithium alloy may be appropriately formed by a melt cooling method, a liquid quenching method, an atomizing method, a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a plasma CVD method, a photo CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a sol-gel method, or the like. it can.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode of the device including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment include lithium-containing composite oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and LiMn 2 O 4 .
- the transition metal portion of these lithium-containing composite oxides may be replaced with another element.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide having a plateau at 4.5 V or more at the metal lithium counter electrode potential can be used.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide include spinel-type lithium manganese composite oxide, olivine-type lithium-containing composite oxide, and reverse spinel-type lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide include Li a (M x Mn 2-x ) O 4 (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2 and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2. And at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cr and Cu).
- Examples of the gelling component used as a raw material for the polymer contained in the gel electrolyte of the present embodiment include a monomer having two or more polymerized groups per molecule, an oligomer, and a copolymer oligomer.
- Bifunctional acrylates such as 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and trifunctional acrylates such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate
- tetrafunctional acrylates such as ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate and pentaerythritol t
- polymers that can be dissolved in a plasticizer and gelled such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, and polyacrylonitrile can be used.
- the gelling component is not limited to the above-mentioned monomer, oligomer, or polymer, and any gelling component can be used as long as it can be gelled. Further, the gelling component is not limited to a single monomer, oligomer or polymer, and it can be used by mixing 2 to several gelling components as required. In addition, benzoins, peroxides and the like can be used as thermal polymerization initiators as necessary, but are not limited thereto.
- a laminated body or a wound body can be used as an electrode element, and an aluminum laminate exterior body or a metal exterior body can be used as an exterior body.
- the battery capacity is not limited.
- the device of this embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery, a capacitor, or the like, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to this embodiment can be used for a lithium ion secondary battery, a capacitor, or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, in which FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view of the positive electrode, and FIG. 1 (b) is a side view of the positive electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery
- FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the negative electrode
- FIG. 2 (b) is a side view of the negative electrode.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the battery element after winding the lithium ion secondary battery.
- Example 1 First, the production of the positive electrode 1 will be described with reference to FIG. A mixture of 85% by mass of LiMn 2 O 4, 7% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 8% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder is added with N-methylpyrrolidone and further mixed to obtain a positive electrode slurry Was made. This is applied to both surfaces of a 20 ⁇ m thick Al foil 2 to be a current collector by the doctor blade method so that the thickness after the roll press treatment is 160 ⁇ m, dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then the roll press treatment step. Then, the positive electrode active material layer 14 was formed.
- coated to any surface was provided in both ends. One of them was welded with a positive electrode conductive tab 6. Next to the positive electrode active material uncoated part 5 to which the positive electrode conductive tab 6 is welded, a positive electrode active material single-sided coated part 4 coated with a positive electrode active material only on one side is provided, and further, a positive electrode active material double-sided coated part 3 is provided next to the positive electrode. It was set to 1.
- N-methylpyrrolidone was added to and mixed with 90% by mass of graphite, 1% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 9% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder to prepare a negative electrode slurry. .
- This is applied to both surfaces of a 10 ⁇ m thick Cu foil 8 serving as a current collector by the doctor blade method so that the thickness after the roll press treatment is 120 ⁇ m, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by a roll press treatment step. Then, the negative electrode active material application part 9 was formed.
- coated to either surface was provided in both ends. One of them was welded with a negative electrode conductive tab 12. Next to the negative electrode active material uncoated portion 11 to which the negative electrode conductive tab 12 is welded, a negative electrode active material single-side coated portion 10 coated with a negative electrode active material only on one side is provided, and a negative electrode active material double-side coated portion 9 is further disposed next to the negative electrode It was set to 7.
- the production of the battery element will be described with reference to FIG.
- Two separators 13 made of a polypropylene microporous membrane having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and a porosity of 55% were welded and cut, and the cut portion was fixed to the winding core of the winding device and wound. Introduced the tip.
- the positive electrode 1 is on the opposite side of the connecting portion of the positive electrode conductive tab 6, the negative electrode 7 is on the connecting portion side of the negative electrode conductive tab 12, the negative electrode 7 is between the two separators 13, and the positive electrode 1 is the upper surface of the separator 13.
- the battery element hereinafter referred to as J / R (jelly roll) was formed by rotating and winding the core.
- the J / R was housed in an embossed laminate outer package, the positive electrode conductive tab 6 and the negative electrode conductive tab 12 were pulled out, one side of the laminate outer package was folded back, and heat fusion was performed leaving a portion for injection. .
- the electrolytic solution was injected from the portion for injection, vacuum impregnation was performed, and the portion for injection was heat-sealed to obtain a battery.
- the battery was CC-CV charged to a battery voltage of 4.2 V (constant current-constant voltage charge, charging condition: CC current 0.02 C, CV time 5 hours, temperature 20 ° C.), the battery was charged at 0.02 C.
- the discharge capacity when discharging to a voltage of 3.0 V was taken as the initial capacity, and the ratio of the initial capacity obtained to the design capacity was taken as the initial capacity (%), and this was measured.
- the ratio of 2C capacity to 0.2C capacity at 20 ° C. of the obtained battery was defined as a rate characteristic (%), and this was measured.
- CC-CV charging was performed at an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, current of 1 C, CV time of 1.5 hours, CC discharge was performed at a lower limit voltage of 3.0 V, and current of 1 C. did.
- the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 1000th cycle to the discharge capacity at the 1st cycle was defined as the capacity retention rate, and this was measured.
- the combustion test was performed by installing the battery after the cycle test 10 cm above the tip of the flame of the gas burner. Flame retardance was judged from the manner in which the electrolyte solvent volatilized and burned as follows. If the electrolyte does not ignite, ⁇ , if it is ignited, if it is extinguished after 2 to 3 seconds, if it is ignited, if it is extinguished within 10 seconds, ⁇ If it exceeds 10 seconds, it will continue to burn without extinguishing The case was marked with x.
- Example 2 is compound No. of Table 2 as an additive. A battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2% by mass of 101 was mixed.
- Example 3 is compound No. of Table 2 as an additive. A battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4% by mass of 101 was mixed.
- Example 4 is compound No. of Table 1 as an additive. 2 in 2% by mass, compound No. 2 in Table 2. A battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2% by mass of 101 was mixed.
- Example 5 is compound No. of Table 1 as an additive.
- a battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2% by mass of 2 and 3% by mass of 1,3-propane sultone were mixed.
- Example 6 is compound No. of Table 1 as an additive. A battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4% by mass of 2 and 6% by mass of 1,3-propane sultone were mixed.
- Example 7 a battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that 20% by mass of monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene was added.
- Example 8 In Example 8, a battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 25% by mass of monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene was added.
- Example 9 is compound No. of Table 1 as an additive. A battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5% by mass of 2 and 7% by mass of 1,3-propane sultone were mixed.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, a battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene was not added.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, a battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no additive was added.
- Comparative Example 3 was the same as in Example 1 except that 5% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) not corresponding to any of the above formulas (2), (3) and (4) was added as an additive. Fabrication and evaluation were performed.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Comparative Example 4 a battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3% by mass of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) was mixed as an additive.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- Table 3 shows the results of initial capacity, rate characteristics, capacity retention rate, and flame retardancy in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- Example 8 when the amount of monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene added exceeds 20% by mass, the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution is lowered, so that the rate characteristics are slightly lowered, and the long-term In the cycle, an excessive amount of phosphazene compound relative to SEI was gradually reduced and decomposed, resulting in a slight decrease in the effect of suppressing the combustion of the battery after the long-term cycle.
- SEI by the disulfonate ester incorporating the phosphazene compound is not suitable for any electrolysis involving the phosphazene compound. It is presumed that the reductive decomposition suppressing effect of the liquid component may be greater. Due to this effect, it is presumed that the life characteristics are also good.
- SEI by a specific disulfonic acid ester and a sultone compound can suppress reductive decomposition of a compound having a phosphazene structure over a long period of time, and can obtain a capacity maintenance ratio which is a good life characteristic. High flame retardancy could be obtained. Furthermore, by maintaining an optimal balance between the amount of the compound having a phosphazene structure and the amount of the additive, it was possible to maintain rate characteristics and obtain good life characteristics.
- Example 10 was carried out in the same manner as Example 5 except that the electrolyte solution of Example 5 was a gel electrolyte.
- 10% by mass of monoethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene with respect to an electrolytic solution of 1.2 mol / l LiPF 6 EC / DEC 30/70 (volume ratio), compound No. 1 in Table 1. 2 was mixed by 2% by mass and PS was mixed by 3% by mass. Further, 3.8% by mass and 1% by mass of triethylene glycol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate were added as gelling agents and mixed well. Thereafter, 0.5% by mass of t-butyl peroxypivalate was mixed as a polymerization initiator. This produced the pregel solution. Next, a pregel solution was injected from the injection portion, vacuum impregnation was performed, and polymerization was performed at 80 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a lithium ion battery (lithium polymer battery).
- a pregel solution was injected
- Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that no additive was added in Example 10.
- Table 4 shows the results of initial capacity, rate characteristics, capacity retention rate, and flame retardancy in Example 10 and Comparative Example 5.
- Example 11 was performed in the same manner as Example 6 except that the negative electrode material was changed from graphite to silicon-based material in Example 6. First, 90% by mass of silicon, 1% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 9% by mass of polyimide as a binder were mixed, and N-methylpyrrolidone was added and further mixed to prepare a negative electrode slurry. This was applied to both surfaces of a 10 ⁇ m thick Cu foil 8 serving as a current collector so that the thickness after the roll press treatment was 80 ⁇ m, dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then subjected to a roll press treatment step. An additional drying for 10 minutes was performed at 0 ° C. to form the negative electrode active material application part 9.
- Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 6 was performed in the same manner as in Example 11 except that no additive was added in Example 11.
- the cycle tests of Example 11 and Comparative Example 6 were CC-CV charge (upper limit voltage 4.2V, current 1C, CV time 1.5 hours), CC discharge (lower limit voltage 3.0V, current 1C), All were carried out at 45 ° C.
- the capacity retention rate was the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 200th cycle to the discharge capacity at the first cycle.
- Table 5 shows the initial capacity, rate characteristics, capacity retention rate, and flame retardancy results in Example 11 and Comparative Example 6.
- Negative electrode active material layer 15 Negative electrode active material layer
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Abstract
Description
先ず、図1により正極1の作製について説明する。LiMn2O485質量%と、導電補助剤としてのアセチレンブラック7質量%と、バインダーとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン8質量%とを混合したものに、N-メチルピロリドンを加えてさらに混合し、正極スラリーを作製した。これをドクターブレード法により集電体となる厚さ20μmのAl箔2の両面に、ロールプレス処理後の厚さが160μmになるように塗布し、120℃で5分間乾燥した後にロールプレス処理工程を経て正極活物質層14を形成した。なお、両端部にはいずれの面にも正極活物質が塗布されていない正極活物質未塗布部5を設けた。そのうち一方には正極導電タブ6を溶接した。正極導電タブ6を溶接した正極活物質未塗布部5の隣に、片面のみ正極活物質を塗布した正極活物質片面塗布部4を設け、さらに隣に正極活物質両面塗布部3を設けて正極1とした。
実施例2は、添加剤として、表2の化合物No.101を2質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例3は、添加剤として、表2の化合物No.101を4質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例4は、添加剤として、表1の化合物No.2を2質量%、表2の化合物No.101を2質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例5は、添加剤として、表1の化合物No.2を2質量%、1,3-プロパンスルトンを3質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例6は、添加剤として、表1の化合物No.2を4質量%、1,3-プロパンスルトンを6質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例7は、モノエトキシペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼンを20質量%添加した以外は、実施例6と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例8は、モノエトキシペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼンを25質量%添加した以外は、実施例7と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例9は、添加剤として、表1の化合物No.2を5質量%、1,3-プロパンスルトンを7質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
比較例1は、モノエトキシペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼンを添加しない以外は、実施例6と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
比較例2は、添加剤を添加しない以外は実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
比較例3は、添加剤として、前記式(2)、(3)および(4)のいずれにも該当しないビニレンカーボネート(VC)を5質量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
比較例4は、添加剤として、1,3-プロパンスルトン(PS)を3質量%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製と評価を行った。
実施例10は、実施例5の電解液をゲル電解質とした以外は実施例5と同様に行った。まず、1.2mol/l LiPF6 EC/DEC=30/70(体積比)の電解液に対して、モノエトキシペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼンを10質量%、表1の化合物No.2を2質量%、PSを3質量%混合した。さらに、ゲル化剤としてトリエチレングリコールジアクリレートとトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレートをそれぞれ3.8質量%、1質量%加え、よく混合した。その後、重合開始剤として、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレートを0.5質量%混合した。これによりプレゲル溶液を作製した。次に、プレゲル溶液を注液部分から注液し真空含浸を行い、80℃2時間重合を行うことでリチウムイオン電池(リチウムポリマー電池)を得た。
比較例5は、実施例10において添加剤を添加しない以外は、実施例10と同様に行った。
実施例11は、実施例6において負極材料を黒鉛からシリコン系の材料に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。まず、シリコン90質量%と、導電補助剤としてのアセチレンブラック1質量%と、バインダーとしてのポリイミド9質量%とを混合し、N-メチルピロリドンを加えてさらに混合し、負極スラリーを作製した。これを集電体となる厚さ10μmのCu箔8両面に、ロールプレス処理後の厚さが80μmとなるように塗布し、120℃で5分間乾燥した後にロールプレス処理工程を行い、さらに300℃で10分間の追加乾燥を行い、負極活物質塗布部9を形成した。
比較例6は、実施例11において添加剤を添加しない以外は、実施例11と同様に行った。なお、実施例11および比較例6のサイクル試験は、CC-CV充電(上限電圧4.2V、電流1C、CV時間1.5時間)、CC放電(下限電圧3.0V、電流1C)とし、いずれも45℃で実施した。容量維持率は、1サイクル目の放電容量に対する200サイクル目の放電容量の割合とした。
2 Al箔
3 正極活物質両面塗布部
4 正極活物質片面塗布部
5 正極活物質未塗布部
6 正極導電タブ
7 負極
8 Cu箔
9 負極活物質両面塗布部
10 負極活物質片面塗布部
11 負極活物質未塗布部
12 負極導電タブ
13 セパレータ
14 正極活物質層
15 負極活物質層
Claims (5)
- 正極と、負極と、非水系電解液とを備えるデバイスに用いられる前記非水系電解液であって、リチウム塩と下記式(1)で示されるホスファゼン構造を有する化合物とを含有し、さらに下記式(2)で示される環状ジスルホン酸エステルおよび下記式(3)で示される鎖状ジスルホン酸エステルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のジスルホン酸エステルを前記非水系電解液全体に対し0.05質量%以上、12.0質量%以下含有する非水系電解液。
(式(1)中、X1、X2はそれぞれ独立してハロゲン元素または一価の置換基を表し、一価の置換基は、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、アシル基、アリールオキシ基、アミノ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルコキシ基、ハロゲン化アリール基、ハロゲン化アシル基、ハロゲン化アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン化アミノ基、ハロゲン化アルキルチオ基またはハロゲン化アリールチオ基を示す。nは3以上、5以下の整数を表す。式(1)は環状であってもよい)
(式(2)中、Qは酸素原子、メチレン基または単結合、A1は、分岐していても良い置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキレン基、カルボニル基、スルフィニル基、分岐していても良い置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキレン基、分岐していても良い炭素数2~6の置換もしくは無置換のフルオロアルキレン基、エーテル結合を含み分岐していても良い置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、エーテル結合を含み分岐していても良い置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~6のパーフルオロアルキレン基またはエーテル結合を含み分岐していても良い炭素数2~6の置換もしくは無置換のフルオロアルキレン基を示す。A2は分岐していても良い置換もしくは無置換のアルキレン基を示す)
(式(3)中、R1およびR4は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、炭素数1~5のポリフルオロアルキル基、-SO2X11(X11は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基)、-SY11(Y11は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基)、-COZ(Zは水素原子、または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基)およびハロゲン原子、から選ばれる原子または基を示す。R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立して、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換のフェノキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、炭素数1~5のポリフルオロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルコキシ基、炭素数1~5のポリフルオロアルコキシ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、-NX12X13(X12およびX13は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基)および-NY12CONY13Y14(Y12~Y14は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキル基)、から選ばれる原子または基を示す) - 前記非水系電解液が、前記ホスファゼン構造を有する化合物を、前記非水系電解液全体に対し3.0質量%以上、20.0質量%以下含有する請求項1または2に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記非水系電解液が、ポリマーによりゲル化している請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記デバイスがリチウムイオン二次電池またはキャパシタであって、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液を備えるデバイス。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8377596B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
| EP2495796A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN102668221A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
| JPWO2011052428A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
| EP2495796B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
| JP5403710B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
| US20120219865A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
| EP2495796A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
| CN102668221B (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
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