WO2009022733A1 - 組成物及び有機光電変換素子 - Google Patents
組成物及び有機光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009022733A1 WO2009022733A1 PCT/JP2008/064617 JP2008064617W WO2009022733A1 WO 2009022733 A1 WO2009022733 A1 WO 2009022733A1 JP 2008064617 W JP2008064617 W JP 2008064617W WO 2009022733 A1 WO2009022733 A1 WO 2009022733A1
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- C08G2261/314—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene
- C08G2261/3142—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene fluorene-based, e.g. fluorene, indenofluorene, or spirobifluorene
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- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
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- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition and an organic photoelectric conversion device.
- Patent Document 1 includes C 7 .
- the fullerene compound [6, 6] -phenyl _C 7 monobutyric acid methyl ester ([70] P CBM) and poly [2-methoxy-5- (3 ', 7'-dimethyl-octyloxy)] p-phenol Diethylene-vinylene] is disclosed.
- Non Patent Document 1, C 7. The fullerene compound 3,-(3,5-bis-trlfluoromethylphenyl) — 1 ⁇ , 4-nitronitroy 1) pyrazolino [7 0] fu 1 lerene (BT PF 70)) and the fluorene copolymer represented by the following formula An organic photoelectric conversion element containing the above is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 Special Publication 200 6—5 1 8 1 1 0
- an object of the present invention is to provide an organic photoelectric conversion element having sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and an organic material capable of producing such an organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the present invention provides a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a fullerene having 70 or more carbon atoms. Or a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 or more carbon atoms, and a composition comprising:
- Q, R, R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may be present may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- R 1 and R 2 may be joined together to form a ring.
- Plural Q and R may be the same or different. If the composition of the present invention is used as a material for the organic layer (active layer) of the organic photoelectric conversion element, an organic photoelectric conversion element having sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be produced.
- composition of the present invention is also excellent in solubility in an organic solvent and can be applied or printed on an electrode, if this is used as a material for an organic layer (active layer) of an organic photoelectric conversion element, An organic photoelectric conversion element can be easily produced.
- R or Q in the formulas (1) and (2) are all hydrogen atoms, and all of R and Q are hydrogen atoms. More preferably it is an atom.
- a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) is preferred.
- the structural unit represented by the following formula (I) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) or (III).
- the structural unit of the following formula (II) is also preferable from the viewpoint of solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent.
- R, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above.
- Q 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (wherein the carbon number is 1 to Some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the 20 alkyl group, the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent are substituted with fluorine atoms. It may be done.)
- a plurality of Q 1 may be the same or different.
- n 2 is an integer of 0 or more, and n J + n 2 ⁇ 1. ]
- R, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above.
- the fullerene is preferably a fullerene having 70 carbon atoms
- the fullerene derivative is preferably a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 carbon atoms. Since such fullerenes or fullerene derivatives can absorb the spectrum of incident light (especially sunlight) particularly efficiently, the organic photoelectric conversion element having higher photoning conversion efficiency can be obtained by using this. Can be obtained.
- the composition of the present invention is a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having a carbon number of 70, in particular, for example, [6, 6] —Feniryu C 7 ! It is preferable to contain monobutyric acid methyl ester (sometimes referred to as “[70] PCBM” in this specification).
- the composition of the present invention can be used for forming an organic layer (active layer) of an organic photoelectric conversion device. That is, the present invention also includes a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and an organic layer provided between the pair of electrodes, wherein the organic layer is formed from the composition of the present invention.
- An organic photoelectric conversion element that can be used is provided. As described above, this organic photoelectric conversion element is an organic photoelectric conversion element having a sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion device according to a fifth embodiment. Explanation of symbols
- the composition of the present invention comprises a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), fullerene having 70 or more carbon atoms, or 70 And a fullerene derivative having the above fullerene skeleton.
- an organic photoelectric conversion element having sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be produced. That is, the composition of the present invention is also used for an organic photoelectric conversion element. It is a composition.
- the polymer contained in the composition of the present invention has a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and can function as an electron donor of an organic photoelectric conversion device.
- Each of the structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2) of the polymer may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the “polymer” may include at least one of various structural units, and does not necessarily need to include a plurality of the same type of structural units.
- Q, R, R 1 and R 2 are each independently, water atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1-2 0, Number 1-2 0 ⁇ alkoxy carbon Or an aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (wherein the “carbon number” of the aryl group is the carbon number of the substituent that the aryl group may have) Not included.) R 1 and R 2 may be combined to form a ring. A plurality of Q and R may be the same or different.
- alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-butyl group, a t-butyl group, and an s-butyl group.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a 2_ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, and a decyl group are particularly preferable.
- Some or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in these alkyl groups may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom include a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethylenole group.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propyloxy group, i-propyloxy group, n-butoxy group, i_butoxy group, s-butoxy group, t-butoxy group.
- alkoxy groups substituted with fluorine atoms include trifluoromethoxy group, pentafluorooxy group, Examples thereof include a perfoleolobutoxy group, a perfluorinated hexenoreoxy group, and a perfluorooctyloxy group.
- the substituent include linear, branched or cyclic having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a cyclic or cyclic alkyl group is preferred.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include, for example, a phenyl group and a C 1 to C 12 alkoxyphenyl group.
- C 1 -C 2 alkoxy means that the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- C i -C i 2 alkylphenol groups (“C i -C “i 2 alkyl” means that the alkyl moiety has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 may each have an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituent.
- a good aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms is preferred.
- R or Q is preferably all hydrogen atoms, more preferably all of R and Q are hydrogen atoms.
- Examples of the structural unit of the formula (1) include a structural unit represented by the following formula. Some or all of the hydrogen atoms in the structural unit represented by the following formula may be substituted with other substituents. Examples of the substituent include those other than a hydrogen atom among the atoms and groups represented by R in formula (1).
- Examples of the structural unit of the formula (2) include a structural unit represented by the following formula.
- the structural unit represented by the following formula is preferable in terms of enhancing the charge transport property of the polymer.
- one or more structural units of the formulas (1) and (2) may be present, but in order to obtain an organic photoelectric conversion device having higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, two or more structural units are present. It is preferable. From the same viewpoint, the ratio ( P l : p 2 ) of the number of moles P l of the structural unit of formula (1) to the number of moles p 2 of the structural unit of formula ( 2 ) is preferably 1: 9 to 7: 1, more preferably 1: 7-5: 1, more preferably 1: 5-3: 1, more preferably 1: 4-2: 1, particularly preferably 1: 3 to: 1.5: 1 It is.
- the structural unit of formula (2) may be combined with other structural units.
- the structural unit represented by the following formula is preferable for increasing the absorption wavelength of the polymer while increasing the charge transport property of the polymer.
- the polymer contained in the composition of the present invention includes:
- a polymer having the structural unit of the above formula (1) and the structural unit of the above formula (2) as a structural unit containing a structure in which these are directly bonded is preferable, and has a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) A polymer is more preferred.
- n is an integer of 2 or more. From the viewpoints of ease of production of the polymer, solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent, photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic photoelectric conversion element, and the like, n is preferably 10 or less.
- the polymer having the structural unit of the formula (I) include a polymer represented by the following formula (IV). The polymer represented by the following formula (IV) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of ease of production.
- m is an integer of 2 or more.
- m is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 10 or more.
- the terminal atom or group of the polymer represented by the formula (IV) include a halogen atom, an alkylsulfo group, an arylsulfo group, an arylalkylsenorefo group, an esterolate borate, and a sulphonium methyl ester.
- phosphonium methyl group phosphonate methyl group, monohalogenated methyl group, boric acid residue (one B (OH) 2 ), formyl group, cyano group, vinyl group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group , Acyl groups, amino groups, and polysilsesquioxane residues.
- a group having an aryl group or a heterocyclic group bonded to the terminal of the polymer via a carbon-carbon bond may be bonded to the terminal of the polymer represented by the formula (IV). Examples of such a group include the groups described in JP-A-9-145478, [I ⁇ 10], including groups represented by the following formulae.
- Examples of the residue of polysilsesquioxane include a group represented by the following formula (W).
- R represents i-butyl group.
- a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) or (III) is preferred as the structural unit of the formula (I). Good.
- the structural unit of the following formula (II) is also preferable from the viewpoint of solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent.
- the structural unit of the following formula (III) is also preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production of the polymer.
- R, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above.
- Q 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (wherein the carbon number is 1 A part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group having ⁇ 20, the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent are substituted with a fluorine atom. It may be done.)
- a plurality of Q 1 may be the same or different.
- n 2 is an integer of 0 or more, and + n 2 ⁇ 1.
- n! And ri 2 are each preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and preferably ni + n 2 ⁇ 10.
- the composition of the present invention As the polymer contained in the product, a polymer having a plurality of structural units including the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is preferable. From the same viewpoint, the structural unit is preferably, for example, a structural unit represented by the formula (I).
- the polymer having a plurality of structural units of the formula (I) include a polymer represented by the formula (IV).
- the structural unit of the formula (I) for example, the structural unit represented by the formula (II) or (III) is preferable.
- the polymer contained in the composition of the present invention may further contain one or two structural units other than the structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2). You may have more than one seed.
- the structural unit other than the structural units of the formulas (1) and (2) include structural units represented by the following formulas (3) and (4-A) to (4-H).
- R is as defined above. A plurality of R may be the same or different.
- the portion other than the terminal of the polymer is a structural unit represented by the formula (1), a structural unit represented by the formula (2)
- the polymer consisting of the unit and the total amount of the structural unit of the formula (1) and the structural unit of the formula (2) relative usually 1-9 9 mol%, in terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic photoelectric conversion element, preferably 5-9 5 mol 0/0, more preferably 1 0 to 90 mole 0/0 is there.
- the polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 1 X 10 3 to 1 X 1 0 8 in terms of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic photoelectric conversion element, the solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent, etc.
- the polymer weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is preferably 1 X 10 3 to 1 X 10 8 in terms of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic photoelectric conversion element, the solubility of the polymer in the organic solvent, and the like. , 1 X 1 0 3 ⁇ 1 X 1 0 7 is more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion of the polymer can be determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the terminal of the polymer may be protected with a stable protective group.
- the stable protecting group is preferably a group having a synergistic bond continuous with the conjugated structure of the main chain, for example, a group having an aryl group or a heterocyclic group bonded to the end of the polymer via a carbon-carbon bond.
- Examples of the group having an aryl group or heterocyclic group bonded to the end of the polymer via a carbon-carbon bond include groups represented by the following formulas: JP-A-9 4 5 4 7 8 The group described in [Chemical 10] of the No. 1 bulletin is included.
- the terminal group or atom of the polymer may be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an amino group, or the like.
- a residue of polysilsesquioxane (For example, a group represented by the above formula (W)) may be used.
- Examples of the good solvent for the polymer having the structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2) include Kuguchiguchi Form, Methylene Chloride, Dioctyl Roetane, Tetrahydride. Examples include furan, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, and n-butylbenzene. Although depending on the structure and molecular weight of the polymer, the above polymer can usually be dissolved in these solvents in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more. Production method of rubber polymer>
- the polymer having the structural unit represented by the formulas (1) and (2) may be produced by any method, for example, a compound represented by the formula: Y 1 —A r 1 —Y 2 , And the formula: ⁇ 3 — A r 2 — ⁇ 4 can be used as a raw material, and these can be produced by condensation polymerization.
- -A r 1 — represents a structural unit represented by the formula (1)
- one A r 2 — represents a structural unit represented by the formula (2)
- Y 1 to Y 4 are each independent. Represents a substituent involved in the condensation polymerization.
- Examples of the substituent that participates in condensation polymerization ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4
- a halogen atom ⁇ Rukirusuruho group, Arirusuruho group, ⁇ reel alkylsulfonyl group, boric acid Esutenore residues, Sno Reho Niu arm methylcarbamoyl Honoré group, Hosuhoniumu
- examples thereof include a methino group, a phosphone monomethyl group, a monohalogenated methyl group, a boric acid residue (one B (OH) 2 ), a formyl group, a cyan group, and a bur group.
- Examples of the alkylsulfo group include methanesulfo group, ethanesulfo group, trifluoromethanesulfo group and the like.
- Examples of the arylsulfo group include a benzenesulfo group and a ⁇ -toluenesulfo group.
- Examples of the arylalkylsulfo group include a benzylsulfo group.
- Examples of the boric acid ester residue include a group represented by the following formula. Me represents a methyl group and Et represents an ethyl group (hereinafter the same) 0
- Examples of the sulfonium methyl group include groups represented by the following formulas.
- Ph represents a phenyl group (hereinafter the same).
- X represents a halogen atom.
- a group represented by the following formula can be mentioned.
- R represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aryl group.
- Two R ′ may be the same or different.
- the monohalogenated methyl group include a methyl fluoride group, a methyl chloride group, a methyl bromide group, and a methyl iodide group.
- the preferred substituents involved in the condensation polymerization (yi Y 4 ) vary depending on the type of polymerization reaction.
- reactions using zero-valent nickel complexes (N i (0) complexes) (Y a ma mo to In coupling reactions, etc., there are halogen atoms, alkylsulfo groups, arylsulfo groups, arylalkylsulfo groups, etc.
- Ni (0) complexes zero-valent nickel complexes
- halogen atoms alkylsulfo groups, arylsulfo groups, arylalkylsulfo groups, etc.
- the polymer having the structural unit represented by the formulas (1) and (2) can be prepared by, for example, dissolving a compound (monomer) having two “substituents involved in condensation polymerization” in an organic solvent, if necessary.
- it can be produced by reacting at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the organic solvent and not higher than the boiling point using an alkali or an appropriate catalyst.
- alkali or an appropriate catalyst examples include "Organic Reactions", pp. 14th, 270-490, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1 9 5 5 "Organic Syntheses", Collective Volume VI, 40 7— 4 1 1, Jon Wy Lee and Sons (J ohn Wyley & Sons, Inc.), 1 98 8, Chemical Review (Chem. Rev.), 995, 24 5 7 (1 995), Journal of Organometa Rick Chemistry (J. Organomet. C he m.), Pp.
- a known condensation reaction can be used depending on the substituents (Y 1 to Y 4 ) involved in the condensation polymerization.
- a method of polymerizing a corresponding monomer by Suzuki coupling reaction a method of polymerizing by Grignard reaction, a method of polymerizing by a zerovalent nickel complex, a method of polymerizing by an oxidizing agent such as Fe C 1 3, electrochemical Oxidative polymerization, decomposition of an intermediate polymer having an appropriate leaving group, and the like.
- polymerization by Suzuki coupling reaction, by Grignard reaction A polymerization method and a polymerization method using a zero-valent nickel complex are preferred.
- the polymer production method is a production method in which condensation polymerization is performed in the presence of a zero-valent nickel complex, and the substituents (Y 1 to Y 4 ) involved in the condensation polymerization are each independently a halogen atom, alkyl A method selected from a sulfo group, an arylsulfo group and an arylalkylsulfo group is preferred.
- Examples of the raw material compound include a dihalogenated compound, a bis (alkyl sulfonate) compound, a bis (aryl sulfonate) compound, a bis (aryl alkyl sulfonate) compound, a halogen monoalkyl sulfonate compound, and a halogen monoary.
- the raw material compound examples include a halogen monoalkyl sulfonate compound, a halogen monoalkyl sulfonate compound, a halogen monoaryl alkyl sulfonate compound, an alkyl sulfonate aryl sulfonate compound, and an alkyl sulfonate alkyl sulfonate.
- a polymer having a controlled sequence can be produced by using a nate compound or an aryl sulfonate compound.
- the polymer can also be produced by a condensation polymerization using a nickel catalyst or a palladium catalyst, wherein the substituents (Y 1 to Y 4 ) force involved in the condensation polymerization are each independently a halogen atom, an alkyl sulfone.
- the ratio KZJ of the total number of moles (J) and the total number of moles of boric acid residues and boric acid ester residues (K) is substantially 1 (usually 0.7 to 1.2). Some methods are preferred.
- Examples of the raw material compound include a combination of a dihalogenated compound, a bis (alkyl sulfonate) compound, a bis (aryl sulfonate) compound or a bis (aryl alkyl sulfonate) compound, and a diboric acid compound or a diboric acid ester compound.
- halogen-boric acid compound a halogen monoborate compound, an alkyl sulfonate-boric acid compound, an alkyl sulfonate monoborate compound, an aryl sulfonate-boric acid compound, an aryl sulfonate monoborate compound
- arylalkyl sulphonate-borate compounds arylalkyl sulfonate monoborate compounds, and the like.
- Examples of the raw material compound include a halogen monoborate compound, a halogen monoborate ester compound, an alkyl sulfonate monoborate compound, an alkyl sulfonate monoborate compound, an aryl sulfonate toborate compound, and an aryl sulfonate.
- a toboric acid ester compound, an arylalkyl sulfonate-boric acid compound, or an arylalkyl sulfonate-boric acid ester compound a polymer with a controlled sequence can be produced.
- the solvent used in the reaction varies depending on the compound used, the reaction, and the like, it is generally preferable to perform sufficient deoxygenation treatment in order to suppress side reactions. From the same point of view, the reaction is preferably allowed to proceed under an inert atmosphere. Yes. From the same viewpoint, the solvent used in the reaction is generally preferably subjected to a dehydration treatment, but this is not the case in the case of a two-phase reaction with water, such as the Suzuki coupling reaction.
- the solvent examples include saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, and decalin; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, xylene, and tetralin; Halogenated saturated carbon such as carbon tetrachloride, black mouth form, dichloromethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, black mouth pentane, bromopentane, black mouth hexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, etc.
- saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, and decalin
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenz
- Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as oral benzene, dichlorobenzene, and triclonal benzene; Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and t-butyl alcohol; Carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid;
- the Methyl ether, ethyl ether, methylolene t — ethers such as butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane; trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N, N ′, ⁇ ′ — tetramethylethylenediamine, pyridine
- amines such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -jetylacetamide, __methylmorpholine oxide, etc.
- Ethers are preferred, and tetrahydrofuran and jetyl ether are particularly preferred. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an alkali or a suitable catalyst to the reaction system as appropriate. These may be selected according to the reaction to be used, but the alkali or the catalyst is preferably one that is sufficiently soluble in the solvent used in the reaction.
- the alkali include inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate; organic bases such as triethylamine; inorganic salts such as cesium fluoride. Is mentioned.
- the catalyst include palladium [tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)] and palladium acetates.
- a fullerene having 70 or more carbon atoms or a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 or more carbon atoms can function as an electron acceptor of an organic photoelectric conversion device.
- the carbon number of fullerene or the carbon number of the fullerene skeleton (carbon cluster) in the fullerene derivative is preferably 960 or less, more preferably 2400 or less, and still more preferably 96 or less.
- Examples of the fullerene or fullerene skeleton having 70 to 96 carbon atoms include C 7 . , C 7 6 , C 7 8 ,
- a fullerene derivative what is represented by a following formula is mentioned, for example.
- A represents a fullerene skeleton having 70 or more carbon atoms.
- a cyclopropane ring or a pyrrolidine ring is formed together with two adjacent carbon atom forces S in the fullerene skeleton and atoms in the additional group.
- the fullerene is preferably a fullerene having 70 carbon atoms
- the fullerene derivative is preferably a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 carbon atoms.
- Such fullerenes or fullerene derivatives have a relatively large absorbance at 500 to 600 nm and can absorb the spectrum of incident light (especially sunlight) particularly efficiently.
- the composition of the present invention is a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 carbon atoms, particularly, for example, [6, 6] Phenil I C 7 ! It preferably contains monobutyric acid methyl ester (“[70] PCBM”).
- the content of fullerene having 70 or more carbon atoms or a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 or more carbon atoms in the composition of the present invention is a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton having 70 carbon atoms.
- fullerene and fullerene derivative are contained, the sum of the contents of both is preferable to 100 parts by weight of the polymer having the structural units of the formulas (1) and (2).
- the amount is preferably 10 to 2 200 parts by weight, more preferably 5 0 to 1500 parts by weight, and still more preferably 2 0 0 to 1 00 parts by weight.
- fullerene derivative refers to a compound in which a functional group (such as a solvent-soluble group) is added to fullerene.
- Addition of a functional group to fullerene is, for example, formation of a pyrrolidine ring by P rato reaction (1,3-dipolar addition reaction of azomethine ylide); formation of propane ring by B inge 1 reaction; D ie 1 s _ A 1 der reaction can be used to generate a cycloaddition product; or methanofullerene using a diazo compound.
- the composition of the present invention has a fullerene having 70 or more carbon atoms or a fullerene skeleton having 70 or more carbon atoms.
- an electron acceptor or an electron donor other than those may further be contained.
- the electron donor include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysila And derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof , Etc.
- Examples of the electron acceptor include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone and derivatives thereof, tetracyananthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldiethylene ethylene. And derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, C 6 . And fullerenes and derivatives thereof, and phenanthrene derivatives such as bathocuproine.
- composition of the present invention may be composed of only the above-mentioned various electron donors and electron acceptors, or may further contain a solvent capable of dissolving these components.
- composition of the present invention may be solid or liquid.
- Solvents that can dissolve the various components described above include, for example, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylenebenzene, sec-butylbesen, tert-butylbenzene, and the like.
- Saturated charcoal hydrogen solvent carbon tetrachloride, black mouth form, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, black mouth pentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, promocyclohexane, etc.
- Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene
- ether solvents such as lahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran.
- a suitable content of the solvent can be appropriately determined depending on the kind of the solvent, the coating method used, etc., but the solid content (solid component) in the composition 10 0 It is usually 1 0 0 to 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 parts by weight, preferably 1 0 0 0 to 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 parts by weight, more preferably 1 0 0 0 0 to : 1 0 0 0 0 0 parts by weight.
- An organic photoelectric conversion element (solar cell, photosensor, etc.) of the present invention comprises at least one pair of electrodes that are transparent or translucent and an organic layer provided between the pair of electrodes.
- the organic layer can be formed from the composition of the present invention.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device 10 according to the first embodiment includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 3a formed on the substrate 1, and an organic layer (active layer) formed on the first electrode 3a. 2), and a second electrode 3b formed on the organic layer 2.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device 20 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 3a formed on the substrate 1, and an organic layer (active layer) formed on the first electrode 3a. 2), a charge transport layer 4 formed on the organic layer 2, and a second electrode 3 b formed on the charge transport layer 4.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment.
- First The organic photoelectric conversion element 30 according to the embodiment 3 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 3a formed on the substrate 1, a charge transport layer 4 formed on the first electrode 3a, An organic layer (active layer) 2 formed on the charge transport layer 4, and a second electrode 3b formed on the organic layer 2.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 40 according to the fourth embodiment includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 3a formed on the substrate 1, and an organic layer (active layer) formed on the first electrode 3a. 2), a buffer layer 5 formed on the organic layer 2, and a second electrode 3 b formed on the buffer layer 5.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic photoelectric conversion device according to a fifth embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device 50 according to the fifth embodiment includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 3a formed on the substrate 1, a buffer layer 5 formed on the first electrode 3a, An organic layer (active layer) 2 formed on the buffer layer 5, and a second electrode 3 b formed on the organic layer 2.
- the substrate 1 does not affect the formation of the electrodes 3 a, 3 b and the organic layer 2. Anything is acceptable.
- the material of the substrate 1 include glass, plastic, a polymer film, and silicon.
- Organic layer 2 is usually 1 ⁇ ⁇ ! Although the layer has a thickness of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, the organic layer 2 is preferably an organic thin film, and the thickness is preferably 2 ⁇ ! From the viewpoint of miniaturization of the organic photoelectric conversion element. ⁇ 100 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, and even more preferably 20 nm to 20 O nm.
- the organic layer 2 can be formed from the composition of the present invention.
- the production method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of forming a film from a liquid composition on the electrode, a method of vacuum-depositing the composition on the electrode, and the like.
- a method for forming a film from a liquid composition a spin coating method, a casting method, a micro gravure coating method, a gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a wire bar coating method, a dip coating method, and a spray coating are used.
- Coating method or printing method such as spray printing method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, inject printing method, dispenser printing method, nozzle coating method, capillary coating method, etc.
- At least one of the first electrode 3a and the second electrode 3b is transparent or translucent.
- transparent or translucent electrodes include conductive metal oxide films, translucent metal thin films, and the like.
- conductive glass made of indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, antimony doped oxide (NESA), gold, platinum, silver, etc. Copper, etc. are used, and ITO, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide and the like are preferable.
- the electrode manufacturing method include vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, and plating.
- an organic transparent conductive film such as polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, and the like may be used.
- the electrode material a metal, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used.
- One of the pair of electrodes is preferably made of a material having a low work function.
- alloys include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, calcium-aluminum alloy.
- Etc When the substrate 1 is opaque, the electrode far from the substrate, that is, the second electrode 10 b is preferably transparent or translucent.
- the charge transport layer 4 contains an electron donor or an electron acceptor and has a function of improving the charge (hole or electron) transportability of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- Examples of the electron donor include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and its derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole and its derivatives, polysilane and its derivatives, and aromatics in the side chain or main chain.
- polysiloxane derivatives having polyamines, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- Examples of the electron acceptor include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone and derivatives thereof, tetracyananthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, Fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldisyanoethylene and its derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoxaline and its derivatives, polyfluorene and its derivatives, C 6 . And fullerenes and derivatives thereof, phenanthrene derivatives such as bathocuproine, and the like.
- the buffer layer 5 has a function as a hole blocking layer or an electron block layer, and also prevents the exciton quenching by the cathode metal, increases the open-circuit voltage, etc., and increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic photoelectric conversion element. Has a function to improve.
- Examples of the material of the buffer layer 5 include halogenated metals (such as lithium fluoride), oxides, etc .; fine particles of inorganic semiconductors such as titanium oxide.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described first to fifth embodiments.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention may not necessarily include the substrate 1.
- the charge transport layer 4 includes one of the first electrode 3a and the second electrode 3b, the organic layer 2, and
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention may include one charge transport layer on each side of the organic layer 2.
- an electron transport layer may be provided between the first electrode 3 a and the organic layer 2
- a hole transport layer may be provided between the second electrode 3 b and the organic layer 2.
- the buffer layer 5 is provided between one of the first electrode 3a and the second electrode 3b and the organic layer 2.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention may include one buffer layer on each side of the organic layer 2.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be operated as a solar cell by generating photovoltaic power between electrodes by irradiating light such as sunlight from a transparent or translucent electrode.
- a plurality of solar cells can be integrated to be used as a solar cell module.
- voltage is applied between the electrodes
- a photocurrent is generated and can be operated as an organic photosensor.
- the organic image sensor can also be used as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of examples.
- the molecular weight of the polymer is the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by GPC (trade name: LC—10 AV p) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation or GPC (PL—GPC 2 00 0) manufactured by GPC Laboratory. Asked. When measured by LC—10 A vp, the polymer was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to a concentration of about 0.5% by weight, and 50 ⁇ L was injected into GPC.
- Tetrahydrofuran was used as the mobile phase for GPC, and was flowed at a flow rate of 0.6 mLZ.
- TSK gel Su HM—H manufactured by Tosohichi Co., Ltd.
- TSK gel Suuper H20 00 manufactured by Tosohichi Co., Ltd.
- a differential refractive index detector manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: R ID-1 O A
- the polymer was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene to a concentration of about 1% by weight.
- Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) 0.02 g was added, and the temperature was raised to 105 ° C., and 42.2 mL of 2 mo 1 ZL sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added dropwise with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours, 2.6 g of phenylboronic acid and 1.8 mL of toluene were added, and the mixture was stirred at 105 ° C. for 16 hours.
- polymer 1 The polymer was collected by filtration and washed with 500 mL of methanol, acetone, and methanol. After drying under vacuum at 50 ° C., a pentacene fluorene copolymer represented by the following formula (sometimes referred to as “polymer 1” in this specification) was obtained.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the polymer 1 was 5.4 X 10 4
- the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was 1.1 XI 0 5 .
- the resulting solution was heated to 105 ° C, and 2 mL of 2mo 1 ZL aqueous sodium carbonate solution was added dropwise thereto. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. Phenylboronic acid 0. O lg was added to the resulting solution, and the mixture was further heated under reflux for 5 hours, whereupon 0.1 g of sodium N, N-jetyldithiocarbamate trihydrate and ion-exchanged water were added. Add 2mL and 3:00 at 90 ° C Stir for a while.
- the aqueous phase is removed, and the organic phase is exchanged twice with 3 OmL of 60 ° C ion-exchanged water, twice with 2% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution, and further with 60 ° C ion exchange. Washed twice with water.
- the obtained organic phase is concentrated with an evaporator, the obtained residue is purified with a silica gel-alumina column, precipitated in methanol, and a polymer represented by the following formula (in this specification, a “polymer” 2 ”and obtained 0.55 g.
- the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight of the polymer 2 was 2.5 X 10 3
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight was 4.9 X 10 3 .
- [6, 6] represents phenyl mono C 6 1 —butyric acid methyl ester, and poly (3-hexylthiophene).
- PCBM [6 0] The following products were used as P CBM and P 3HT.
- P C BM made by Frontier Carbon Corporation n a n o m s p e c t r a E— 1 0 0
- a glass substrate with an ITO film with a thickness of 150 nm was sputtered and surface treated by ozone treatment.
- the coating solution was applied by spin coating to obtain an organic layer (active layer) (film thickness: lOOnm).
- a device using P 3 HT as an electron donor was baked at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere after coating.
- an organic thin film solar cell shape: 2 mm x 2 mm square
- the degree of vacuum during the deposition were all 1 ⁇ 9 X 1 0- 3 P a .
- composition of the present invention enables the production of an organic photoelectric conversion element having a significantly high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Further, it was shown that the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a significantly high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Industrial applicability According to the present invention, an organic photoelectric conversion element having sufficiently high photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided. In addition, an organic material capable of producing such an organic photoelectric conversion element is provided.
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Abstract
Description
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| CN2008801008874A CN101918491B (zh) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-08 | 组合物和有机光电转换元件 |
| DE112008002144T DE112008002144T5 (de) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-08 | Zusammensetzung und organischer photoelektrischer Umwandler |
| GB1002556.7A GB2464873B (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-08 | Composition and organic photoelectric converter |
| US12/671,109 US9184393B2 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-08 | Composition and organic photoelectric converter |
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| WO2010005094A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
| WO2011007851A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および高分子発光体組成物 |
| WO2011052570A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
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| EP2297794B1 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2017-09-06 | Glo Ab | Nanostructured light emitting diode |
| EP2578615B1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2016-03-23 | Ocean's King Lighting Science&Technology Co., Ltd. | Porphyrin copolymer containing thienothiadiazole units, preparation method and uses thereof |
| TWI411148B (zh) * | 2010-12-15 | 2013-10-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 有機太陽能電池 |
| CN103534813A (zh) * | 2011-03-21 | 2014-01-22 | 阿克伦大学 | 多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷-有机/聚合二元体和其在有机光伏打电池中的应用 |
| WO2013015411A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法 |
| JP2013179181A (ja) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-09-09 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機光電変換素子 |
| JP2014189666A (ja) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-06 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 半導体層形成用組成物及びそれを用いた太陽電池素子 |
| KR102534142B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-27 | 2023-05-18 | 보드 오브 트러스티즈 오브 미시건 스테이트 유니버시티 | 고전압 유기 투명 태양전지용 유기 염 |
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| JP2005150410A (ja) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-09 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 薄膜トランジスタ |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010005094A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
| JP2010041022A (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-02-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 光電変換素子 |
| US9362515B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2016-06-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Photoelectric conversion element |
| WO2011007851A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および高分子発光体組成物 |
| CN102473852A (zh) * | 2009-07-14 | 2012-05-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件以及高分子发光体组合物 |
| TWI490308B (zh) * | 2009-07-14 | 2015-07-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | 有機電激發光元件及高分子發光體組成物 |
| CN102473852B (zh) * | 2009-07-14 | 2015-08-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件以及高分子发光体组合物 |
| WO2011052570A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
| CN102576805A (zh) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-07-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有机光电转换元件及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101918491B (zh) | 2012-06-20 |
| GB2464873A (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| CN101918491A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
| GB2464873B (en) | 2012-12-19 |
| JP2009040974A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
| US20100193033A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| GB201002556D0 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| JP5462998B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
| US9184393B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
| DE112008002144T5 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
| KR20100059846A (ko) | 2010-06-04 |
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