TWI411148B - 有機太陽能電池 - Google Patents
有機太陽能電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI411148B TWI411148B TW099144056A TW99144056A TWI411148B TW I411148 B TWI411148 B TW I411148B TW 099144056 A TW099144056 A TW 099144056A TW 99144056 A TW99144056 A TW 99144056A TW I411148 B TWI411148 B TW I411148B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- group
- conversion layer
- solar cell
- organic solar
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- -1 bisthienyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical group C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004985 Discotic Liquid Crystal Substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- CAMRHYBKQTWSCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocyanamide Chemical compound O=NC#N CAMRHYBKQTWSCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005299 dibenzofluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=C3C(=C4C=5C=CC=CC5CC4=C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C[CH-]C IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N dimethyl fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004419 dimethyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Substances C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVRYSHPASXXSBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromo-3-(6-bromohexyl)thiophene Chemical compound BrCCCCCCC=1C=C(Br)SC=1Br GVRYSHPASXXSBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dizinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical compound C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/95—Use in organic luminescent diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Description
本發明是有關於一種光電轉換元件，且特別是有關於一種有機太陽能電池(organic solar cell)。
太陽能是一種乾淨無污染而且取之不盡用之不竭的能源，在解決目前石化能源所面臨的污染與短缺的問題時，一直是最受矚目的焦點。由於太陽能電池可直接將太陽能轉換為電能，因此成為目前相當重要的研究課題。
有機太陽能電池為業界常見的一種太陽能電池，其由二個電極以及位於二個電極之間的光電轉換層構成。光電轉換層含有電子受體材料與電子施體材料，以傳輸當有機太陽能電池照光時所產生的電子與電洞。
然而，在目前的有機太陽能電池製程中，在電子受體材料與電子施體材料混合之後，必須進行回火(annealing)處理，因而使得製程較為繁雜。此外，電子受體材料與電子施體材料的混合往往無法達到理想的均勻度，因而導致有機太陽能電池的效能低落。
另外，在目前的有機太陽能電池中，一般會使用碳材衍生物(例如為[6,6]-phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester，PCBM)來作為電子受體材料。然而，由於PCBM的價格昂貴，因此導致有機太陽能電池的成本提高。
本發明之一實施例提出一種有機太陽能電池，其包括基板、第一電極、第二電極以及光電轉換層。第一電極配置於基板上。第二電極配置於第一電極之上。光電轉換層配置於第一電極與第二電極之間。光電轉換層含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，且此全共軛嵌段式共聚合物包括具有拉電子基的聚合鏈段與具有推電子基的聚合鏈段。
為讓本發明之上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
圖1為依照本發明一實施例所繪示的有機太陽能電池之剖面示意圖。請參照圖1，有機太陽能電池10包括基板100、第一電極102、第二電極106以及光電轉換層104。基板100例如為透明基板。基板100的材料可以是玻璃、透明樹脂或其他合適的材料。上述的透明樹脂例如為聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene naphthalate，PEN)、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate，PC)、聚醚碸(polyethersulfone，PES)、聚醯亞胺(polyimide，PI)。第一電極102配置於基板100上。第一電極的材料可以是透明導電氧化物、金屬或導電高分子。上述的透明導電氧化物例如為銦錫氧化物(indium tin oxide，ITO)、氧化鋁鋅(Al doped ZnO，AZO)、銦鋅氧化物(indium zinc oxide，IZO)。上述的金屬可以是金、銀、銅、鋁、鈦。上述的導電高分子可以是聚3,4-乙基二氧噻吩(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)，PEDOT)。第二電極106配置於第一電極102之上。第二電極106地材料同樣可以是透明導電氧化物、金屬或導電高分子。光電轉換層104配置於第一電極102與第二電極106之間。光電轉換層104含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，且此全共軛嵌段式共聚合物包括具有拉電子基的聚合鏈段與具有推電子基的聚合鏈段。本實施例中，有機太陽能電池10可更包括電洞傳輸層與電子傳輸層(皆未繪示)。其中電洞傳輸層包括金屬氧化物或共軛聚合物。上述的金屬氧化物可例如為氧化釩或氧化銅。上述的共軛聚合物可包括聚3,4-乙基二氧噻吩(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)，PEDOT)。其中電子傳輸層包括金屬氧化物或金屬鹵化物。上述的金屬氧化物可例如為氧化鋅或氧化鈦。上述的金屬鹵化物可例如為氟化鋰。
在本發明的實施例中，全共軛嵌段式共聚合物可以由式(1)或式(2)表示，
其中R1
、R3
與R5
各自獨立為氫、烷基、羥基、鹵素、氰基(-CN)、亞硝酸基(-NO2
)、胺基、經取代或未經取代的芳香基、經取代或未經取代的雜芳香基，且R3
與R4
可結合成環，其環可為咔唑基(carbazole)、雙噻吩基(dithiophene)、茀基(fluorine)、噻二唑基(thiadiazol)、喹喔啉基(quinoxaline)、二苯並矽雜環戊二烯基(dibenzosilole)、苯雙噻吩基(benzodithiophene)等；R2
、R6
各自獨立為直鏈或支鏈的C1至C12烴連結基，且可具有酯基、氨基或烷氧基；X為富勒烯衍生物；o為介於3至5000的整數；p為介於2至1000的整數；1為介於0至100的整數；m為介於3至5000的整數；n為介於2至1000的整數。
此外，式(2)的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物中R3
與R4
亦可結合成環如式(3)所示，
其中，R7
、R8
、R9
與R10
可為氫、烷基、羥基、鹵素、氰基(-CN)、亞硝酸基(-NO2
)、胺基、取代或未取代之芳香基、取代或未取代之雜芳香基。
由於上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物包括具有拉電子基的聚合鏈段與具有推電子基的聚合鏈段，使得此全共軛嵌段式共聚合物可同時具有電子受體材料與電子施體材料的功能。因此，在一實施例中，上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物可做為光電轉換層104的材料，意即光電轉換層104僅含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物。
或者，在另一實施例中，上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物也可取代一般的電子施體材料，意即光電轉換層104含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物與電子受體材料。電子受體材料例如為富勒烯(fullerenes)、噁二唑(oxadiazoles)、奈米碳棒(carbon nanorods)、無機奈米粒子(inorganic nanoparticles)、無機奈米棒(inorganic nanorods)或其組合。
或者，在另一實施例中，上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物也可取代一般的電子受體材料，意即光電轉換層104含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物與電子施體材料。電子施體材料例如為盤狀液晶(discotic liquid crystals)、聚噻吩(polythiophenes)、聚苯(polyphenylenes)、聚矽烷(polysilanes)或聚噻吩乙烯(polythienylvinylenes)。
或者，在另一實施例中，光電轉換層104也可以同時含有上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物、電子受體材料與電子施體材料。此時，全共軛嵌段式共聚合物可作為掺合劑，以增進電子受體材料與電子施體材料的相容性。
在上述實施例中，光電轉換層104含有上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，其可增加電子受體材料或電子施體材料的結晶排列，因此提高了光電轉換層106的光吸收效率。如圖2、圖3所示，與僅含有電子施體材料，例如為聚3-己烷基噻吩(poly(3-hexylthiophene)，P3HT)的膜層(圖2)相比，含有30%的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物(例如為C60
-BCP，下文將進行詳細說明)與P3HT的膜層(圖3)可形成纖維狀的型態，其有助於提高光電轉換層的光吸收效率。
特別一提的是，由於在製作含有上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物的光電轉換層時是採用溶液式製程，因此不需要額外進行回火製程，因而可以簡化製程步驟，達到提高產能的目的。
在氮氣環境下，將2,5-二溴-6-溴-3-己烷噻吩(2,5-dibromo-6-bromo-3-hexylthiophene，3BrHT)(1 eq.)加入攝氏0度的無水四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran，THF)攪拌，加入異丙基氯化鎂(isopropyl magnesium chloride)(1.1 e.q.)，溫度仍控制在攝氏0度。待回至室溫後，加入觸媒Ni(dppp)Cl2
(0.02 e.q.)進行反應(溶液1)，並取出0.5 ml測聚合物分子量(P3BrHT，Mw=3131)。將3BrHT(1 eq.)加入攝氏0度的無水四氫呋喃攪拌，加入異丙基氯化鎂(1.1 e.q.)，溫度仍控制在攝氏0度。待回至室溫後，加入至溶液1再繼續反應，之後，滴入甲醇(methanol)析出沉澱後，可獲得分子量為11422(g/mol)的嵌段聚合物P3(BrHT)015
-b-P3HT0.85
(下標數值為所佔莫耳數百分比)。
將0.5克P3BrHT-b-P3HT(1 e q)溶於100毫升的二甲基甲醯胺(dimethyl fumarate，DMF)。加熱至攝氏120度之後，加入1.3g NaN3
(10 e q)反應。待冷卻至室溫後，以大量甲醇析出沉澱後，藉由索式萃取法進行純化，可獲得具N3
官能基的嵌段聚合物(P3N3
HT-b-P3HT)。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
)：6.95(s,1H),3.25(t,2H),2.80(t,2H),1.51(m,8H),0.9(t,3H)
將0.5克P3N3
HT-b-P3HT溶於50毫升的氯苯並除氧。之後，加入2 eq C60，加熱至攝氏100度反應。待冷卻至室溫後，以大量甲醇析出沉澱，並藉由索式萃取法進行純化，可獲得具C60官能基的嵌段聚合物。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
)：6.95(s,1H),2.80(t,2H),1.51(m,8H),0.9(t,3H)
圖4為光吸收效率與全共軛嵌段式共聚合物的含量的關係圖。由圖4可以看出，當膜層中僅含有電子施體材料(P3HT)時，膜層具有較差的光吸收效率。隨著全共軛嵌段式共聚合物(C60
-BCP)的含量增加，膜層可以具有較佳的光吸收效率。
本實施例製備之有機太陽能電池裝置，其包括氧化銦錫(ITO)之第一電極；電洞傳輸層，材料可為聚3,4-乙基二氧噻吩：聚對苯乙烯磺酸(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)：poly(styrene-sulfonate)，PEDOT：PSS)，形成於第一電極之上；光電轉換層，包含全共軛嵌段共聚合物，形成於電洞傳輸層之上；以及第二電極，材料可為鈣(Ca)/鋁(Al)。上述之光電轉換層可例如由全共軛嵌段共聚合物與苯基-碳-丁酸甲酯([6,6]-phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester，PCBM)以1：1的比例摻混而組成，其中PCBM中的碳可以是碳61或是碳71的衍生物。效率的量測是在AM 1.5的太陽光照度下測量。
1. 配置光電轉換層溶液(全共軛嵌段共聚合物/PCBM=1：3，10 mg/mL)，攪拌一晚。
2. 氧化銦錫玻璃分別用丙酮及異丙醇以超音波震盪清洗，以氮氣吹乾後，置於加熱板烘烤。
3. 將氧化銦錫玻璃置於氧氣電漿下5分鐘。
4. 以3000rpm/30sec旋轉塗佈電洞傳輸層，之後放置手套箱以150℃加熱烘烤。
5.將氧化銦錫玻璃置於140℃加熱板上退火後靜置冷卻。
6. 在手套箱中以450rpm/60sec旋轉塗佈光電轉換層(全共軛嵌段共聚合物/PCBM=1：1，w/w)。
7. 放至光罩於其上，蒸鍍鈣/鋁電極。
8. 將元件封裝，進行I-V量測。
以下將以實施例與比較例來說明本發明的功效。
表一顯示出實施例1-2與比較例1的短路電流密度(Jsc
)、填充因子(FF)與元件效能(光電轉換效率PCE)。
另外一提的是，在光電轉換層同時含有全共軛嵌段式共聚合物、電子受體材料與電子施體材料的情況下，可以使用價格較為便宜的C60
來取代一般常用但價格昂貴的電子受體材料PCBM，以達到降低成本的目的。
表二顯示出當光電轉換層含有不同比例的掺合劑C60
-BCP時的短路電流密度、填充因子與元件效能。
由表二可知，在光電轉換層含有C60
-BCP的情況下，可以使用價格便宜的C60
來取代價格昂貴的電子受體材料PCBM。與比較例2(光電轉換層同時含有C60
與P3HT)相比，實施例3的光電轉換層在短路電流密度、填充因子與元件效能方面皆有較佳的表現，且可以具有較低的成本。
由於本發明一實施例的光電轉換層含有包括具有拉電子基的聚合鏈段與具有推電子基的聚合鏈段的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，使得本發明之實施例的光電轉換層在光吸收效率、短路電流密度、填充因子與效能方面皆有較佳的表現。
此外，當光電轉換層含有上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物時，可以用價格便宜的C60
來取代一般常用但價格昂貴的電子受體材料，因此可以達到降低成本的目的。
另外，由於在製作含有上述的全共軛嵌段式共聚合物的光電轉換層時可採用溶液式製程，因此可以省略後續的處理(例如回火製程)，以縮短製程時間而提高產能。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，故本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
10．．．有機太陽電池
100．．．基板
102．．．第一電極
104．．．光電轉換層
106．．．第二電極
圖1為依照本發明一實施例所繪示的有機太陽能電池之剖面示意圖。
圖2為僅含有P3HT的膜層的原子力顯微鏡(atomic force microscopy，AFM)相位圖。
圖3為含有30%的(C60
-BCP)與P3HT的膜層的原子力顯微鏡相位圖。
圖4為光吸收效率與全共軛嵌段式共聚合物的含量的關係圖。
10．．．有機太陽能電池
100．．．基板
102．．．第一電極
104．．．光電轉換層
106．．．第二電極
Claims (8)
- 一種有機太陽能電池，包括：一基板；一第一電極，配置於該基板上；一第二電極，配置於該第一電極之上；以及一光電轉換層，配置於該第一電極與該第二電極之間，該光電轉換層含有一全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，該全共軛嵌段式共聚合物包括具有拉電子基的聚合鏈段與具有推電子基的聚合鏈段，其中該全共軛嵌段式共聚合物由式(1)或式(2)表示，
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，其中R3 與R4 結合成環，其環為咔唑基、雙噻吩基、茀基、噻二唑基、喹喔啉基、二苯並矽雜環戊二烯基、苯雙噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之全共軛嵌段式共聚合物，其中R3 與R4 結合成環由式(3)表示，
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機太陽能電池，其中該光電轉換層更含有一電子受體材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之有機太陽能電池，其中該電子受體材料包括富勒烯、噁二唑、奈米碳棒、無機奈米粒子、無機奈米棒或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機太陽能電池，其中該光電轉換層更含有一電子施體材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之有機太陽能電池，其中該電子施體材料包括盤狀液晶、聚噻吩、聚苯、聚矽烷或聚噻吩乙烯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機太陽能電池，其中該光電轉換層更含有一電子受體材料與一電子施體材料。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099144056A TWI411148B (zh) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | 有機太陽能電池 |
| US12/981,478 US20120152355A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-30 | Organic solar cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099144056A TWI411148B (zh) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | 有機太陽能電池 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201225366A TW201225366A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| TWI411148B true TWI411148B (zh) | 2013-10-01 |
Family
ID=46232755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099144056A TWI411148B (zh) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | 有機太陽能電池 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120152355A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI411148B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10584202B2 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2020-03-10 | Toray Industries, Inc | Photovoltaic element |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7329709B2 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2008-02-12 | Konarka Technologies, Inc. | Photoactive materials and related compounds, devices, and methods |
| JP5462998B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2014-04-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | 組成物及び有機光電変換素子 |
-
2010
- 2010-12-15 TW TW099144056A patent/TWI411148B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-30 US US12/981,478 patent/US20120152355A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| D. Mcgehee et. al "Ordered organic-inorganic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells" January 2005, MRS bulletin Vol.30 Page 37-40 * |
| R. A. Segalman et. al "Block Copolymers for Organic Optoelectronics" October 2009, Macromolecules Vol.42 Page 9205-9216 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201225366A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| US20120152355A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. | Synthesis, characterization, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of dithienobenzoquinoxaline-and dithienobenzopyridopyrazine-based conjugated polymers | |
| CN102510851B (zh) | 亚甲基富勒烯衍生物及使用其的光电转换器件 | |
| Wang et al. | Extending π-conjugation system with benzene: an effective method to improve the properties of benzodithiophene-based polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells | |
| Ouyang et al. | High‐conductivity poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) film and its application in polymer optoelectronic devices | |
| Miyanishi et al. | Morphological stabilization of polymer photovoltaic cells by using cross-linkable poly (3-(5-hexenyl) thiophene) | |
| Kwon et al. | Soluble Dicyanodistyrylbenzene-Based Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors with Optimized Aggregation Behavior for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. | |
| Umeyama et al. | Effect of fluorine substitution on photovoltaic properties of benzothiadiazole–carbazole alternating copolymers | |
| Lee et al. | Surface interpenetration between conducting polymer and PET substrate for mechanically reinforced ITO-free flexible organic solar cells | |
| Wu et al. | Poly (3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly (3‐cyclohexylthiophene): Synthesis, microphase separation, thin film transistors, and photovoltaic applications | |
| Wu et al. | Achieving over 9.8% efficiency in nonfullerene polymer solar cells by environmentally friendly solvent processing | |
| Liu et al. | Highly crystalline and low bandgap donor polymers for efficient polymer solar cells | |
| Yan et al. | Naphthalene-diimide selenophene copolymers as efficient solution-processable electron-transporting material for perovskite solar cells | |
| Hu et al. | Enhanced performance of inverted perovskite solar cells using solution-processed carboxylic potassium salt as cathode buffer layer | |
| Ge et al. | Core-expanded naphthalenediimide derivatives as non-fullerene electron transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells | |
| Juang et al. | Highly efficient inverted organic photovoltaics containing aliphatic hyperbranched polymers as cathode modified layers | |
| Feng et al. | Bicomponent random approach for the synthesis of donor polymers for efficient all-polymer solar cells processed from a green solvent | |
| Wang et al. | A new dibenzo [gp] chrysene derivative as an efficient anode buffer for inverted polymer solar cells | |
| CN108276560B (zh) | 基于主链含苯并三唑酰亚胺和引达省氰基茚酮的嵌段共聚物及在单组分有机太阳电池的应用 | |
| Kuznetsov et al. | Thiazolothiazole-based conjugated polymers for blade-coated organic solar cells processed from an environment-friendly solvent | |
| Li et al. | Hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) and ZnO nanoparticles modified by side-chain functional polythiophenes | |
| CN116444543A (zh) | 一种有机光伏电池受体材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
| Singh et al. | Influence of molar mass ratio, annealing temperature and cathode buffer layer on power conversion efficiency of P3HT: PC71BM based organic bulk heterojunction solar cell | |
| Wang et al. | Achieving efficient green-solvent-processed organic solar cells by employing ortho-ortho perylene diimide dimer | |
| TWI411148B (zh) | 有機太陽能電池 | |
| Yang et al. | Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of benzotriazole-based donor–acceptor copolymers |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |