[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2009013938A1 - 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置 - Google Patents

圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009013938A1
WO2009013938A1 PCT/JP2008/060131 JP2008060131W WO2009013938A1 WO 2009013938 A1 WO2009013938 A1 WO 2009013938A1 JP 2008060131 W JP2008060131 W JP 2008060131W WO 2009013938 A1 WO2009013938 A1 WO 2009013938A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
electrode
thin film
acoustic impedance
laminated body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2008/060131
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Keiichi Umeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority to JP2009524416A priority Critical patent/JPWO2009013938A1/ja
Publication of WO2009013938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009013938A1/ja
Priority to US12/683,092 priority patent/US20100134210A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46Filters
    • H03H9/54Filters comprising resonators of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
    • H03H9/56Monolithic crystal filters
    • H03H9/564Monolithic crystal filters implemented with thin-film techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H3/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
    • H03H3/007Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
    • H03H3/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
    • H03H3/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02Details
    • H03H9/05Holders or supports
    • H03H9/10Mounting in enclosures
    • H03H9/1007Mounting in enclosures for bulk acoustic wave [BAW] devices
    • H03H9/105Mounting in enclosures for bulk acoustic wave [BAW] devices the enclosure being defined by a cover cap mounted on an element forming part of the BAW device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/15Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
    • H03H9/17Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
    • H03H9/171Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator implemented with thin-film techniques, i.e. of the film bulk acoustic resonator [FBAR] type
    • H03H9/172Means for mounting on a substrate, i.e. means constituting the material interface confining the waves to a volume
    • H03H9/175Acoustic mirrors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H3/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
    • H03H3/007Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
    • H03H3/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
    • H03H2003/025Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks the resonators or networks comprising an acoustic mirror
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H3/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
    • H03H3/007Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
    • H03H3/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
    • H03H3/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
    • H03H2003/0414Resonance frequency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H3/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
    • H03H3/007Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
    • H03H3/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
    • H03H3/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
    • H03H2003/0414Resonance frequency
    • H03H2003/0471Resonance frequency of a plurality of resonators at different frequencies

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

 圧電薄膜の面方向に沿う不要振動によるスプリアスがなく、挿入損失の増大を図り得る圧電フィルタ装置を得る。  相対的に音響インピーダンスが低い材料からなる第1の音響インピーダンス層5a~5cと、相対的に音響インピーダンスが高い材料からなる第2の音響インピーダンス層5d,5eとを有する音響反射層5と、前記音響反射層5上に設けられた薄膜積層体6とを備え、薄膜積層体6が、圧電薄膜9と、第1の電極10と、第1の電極10よりも大きな第2の電極11とを有し、第2の電極11が前記音響反射層5上に形成されており、圧電振動部の外側の領域の少なくとも一部において、前記第1の電極10の周囲に設けられた質量付加膜14をさらに備え、前記第2の電極11が、平面視した際に、圧電振動部を超えて質量付加膜14が設けられている領域に至るように形成されている、圧電共振子3。
PCT/JP2008/060131 2007-07-20 2008-06-02 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置 Ceased WO2009013938A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009524416A JPWO2009013938A1 (ja) 2007-07-20 2008-06-02 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置
US12/683,092 US20100134210A1 (en) 2007-07-20 2010-01-06 Piezoelectric Resonator and Piezoelectric Filter Device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007-189901 2007-07-20
JP2007189901 2007-07-20

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/683,092 Continuation US20100134210A1 (en) 2007-07-20 2010-01-06 Piezoelectric Resonator and Piezoelectric Filter Device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009013938A1 true WO2009013938A1 (ja) 2009-01-29

Family

ID=40281198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2008/060131 Ceased WO2009013938A1 (ja) 2007-07-20 2008-06-02 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20100134210A1 (ja)
JP (1) JPWO2009013938A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2009013938A1 (ja)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110298564A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2011-12-08 Kazuki Iwashita Thin-Film Piezoelectric Resonator and Thin-Film Piezoelectric Filter Using the Same
US20120182090A1 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Wei Pang Acoustic wave resonator
JP2014176095A (ja) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-22 Triquint Semiconductor Inc 強固に固定されたバルク弾性波共振器における境界リングモード抑制
EP2306641B1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2017-03-29 STmicroelectronics SA Procédé de fabrication de résonateur BAW à facteur de qualité élevé
JP2018037906A (ja) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-08 太陽誘電株式会社 圧電薄膜共振器、フィルタおよびマルチプレクサ。
JP2019092096A (ja) * 2017-11-16 2019-06-13 太陽誘電株式会社 弾性波デバイスおよびその製造方法、フィルタ並びにマルチプレクサ
JP2019193168A (ja) * 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 サムソン エレクトロ−メカニックス カンパニーリミテッド. バルク音響共振器及びその製造方法
US10715099B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2020-07-14 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Bulk acoustic wave resonator and method for manufacturing the same
JP2020202564A (ja) * 2019-06-12 2020-12-17 ツー−シックス デラウェア インコーポレイテッドII−VI Delaware,Inc. 電極画定された非サスペンデッド音響共振器
WO2021112214A1 (ja) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 株式会社村田製作所 弾性波装置
US11133791B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2021-09-28 Qorvo Us, Inc. Spurious mode suppression in bulk acoustic wave resonator
JP2021532659A (ja) * 2018-08-01 2021-11-25 アールエフ360・ヨーロップ・ゲーエムベーハー 改良された上部電極接続部を有するbaw共振器
JP2024533671A (ja) * 2021-10-15 2024-09-12 ウーハン イエンシー マイクロ コンポーネンツ カンパニーリミテッド バルク弾性波共振構造およびその製造方法、弾性波デバイス

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10461719B2 (en) * 2009-06-24 2019-10-29 Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited Acoustic resonator structure having an electrode with a cantilevered portion
FR2951023B1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2012-03-09 St Microelectronics Sa Procede de fabrication d'oscillateurs monolithiques a resonateurs baw
FR2951026B1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2011-12-02 St Microelectronics Sa Procede de fabrication de resonateurs baw sur une tranche semiconductrice
US8438924B2 (en) * 2011-02-03 2013-05-14 Inficon, Inc. Method of determining multilayer thin film deposition on a piezoelectric crystal
KR101919118B1 (ko) 2012-01-18 2018-11-15 삼성전자주식회사 체적 음향 공진기
KR101959204B1 (ko) * 2013-01-09 2019-07-04 삼성전자주식회사 무선 주파수 필터 및 무선 주파수 필터의 제조방법
KR102219701B1 (ko) * 2014-08-21 2021-02-24 삼성전자주식회사 이차 전지의 활물질 분석 장치 및 이를 이용한 활물질 분석 방법
WO2016147986A1 (ja) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 株式会社村田製作所 弾性波装置及びその製造方法
US10009007B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2018-06-26 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Bulk acoustic wave resonator with a molybdenum tantalum alloy electrode and filter including the same
US10608611B2 (en) * 2016-03-10 2020-03-31 Qorvo Us, Inc. Bulk acoustic wave resonator with electrically isolated border ring
JP2017229194A (ja) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Memsデバイス、圧電アクチュエーター、及び、超音波モーター
US10038422B2 (en) * 2016-08-25 2018-07-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Single-chip multi-frequency film bulk acoustic-wave resonators
US11469735B2 (en) * 2018-11-28 2022-10-11 Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. Acoustic wave device, filter, and multiplexer
DE102018132920B4 (de) * 2018-12-19 2020-08-06 RF360 Europe GmbH Elektroakustischer Resonator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE102019104726B4 (de) * 2019-02-25 2020-10-08 RF360 Europe GmbH Elektroakustischer Resonator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN111262548B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-06-22 诺思(天津)微系统有限责任公司 体声波谐振器组、滤波器、电子设备、机电耦合系数调整方法
CN113497594B (zh) * 2020-04-08 2023-10-24 诺思(天津)微系统有限责任公司 单晶体声波谐振器及其制造方法、滤波器及电子设备
US11916537B2 (en) * 2020-10-28 2024-02-27 Rf360 Singapore Pte. Ltd. Electroacoustic device with conductive acoustic mirrors
US20230058875A1 (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-02-23 RF360 Europe GmbH Wideband-enabled electroacoustic device
CN113903841B (zh) * 2021-09-09 2023-09-08 泉州三安半导体科技有限公司 倒装发光二极管
US20230101228A1 (en) * 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 RF360 Europe GmbH Package comprising an acoustic device and a cap substrate comprising an inductor
US12341488B2 (en) 2022-09-20 2025-06-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Package comprising an acoustic device and a polymer cap layer

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001326553A (ja) * 2000-05-17 2001-11-22 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 圧電フィルタ、通信装置および圧電フィルタの製造方法
JP2003505905A (ja) * 1999-07-19 2003-02-12 ノキア コーポレイション 共振子構造及びそのような共振子構造を有するフィルター

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20000076295A (ko) * 1998-01-16 2000-12-26 다니구찌 이찌로오, 기타오카 다카시 박막 압전 소자
US6424237B1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-07-23 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bulk acoustic resonator perimeter reflection system
US6469597B2 (en) * 2001-03-05 2002-10-22 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method of mass loading of thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) for creating resonators of different frequencies and apparatus embodying the method
DE10251876B4 (de) * 2002-11-07 2008-08-21 Infineon Technologies Ag BAW-Resonator mit akustischem Reflektor und Filterschaltung
JP2004222244A (ja) * 2002-12-27 2004-08-05 Toshiba Corp 薄膜圧電共振器およびその製造方法
US6954121B2 (en) * 2003-06-09 2005-10-11 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for controlling piezoelectric coupling coefficient in film bulk acoustic resonators and apparatus embodying the method
JP2005094735A (ja) * 2003-08-12 2005-04-07 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 電子部品およびその製造方法
JP4488167B2 (ja) * 2003-12-18 2010-06-23 Tdk株式会社 フィルタ
US20060220763A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-05 Tomohiro Iwasaki Acoustic mirror type thin film bulk acoustic resonator, and filter, duplexer and communication apparatus comprising the same
CN101292422B (zh) * 2005-11-04 2013-01-16 株式会社村田制作所 压电谐振器、滤波器、以及双模滤波器

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003505905A (ja) * 1999-07-19 2003-02-12 ノキア コーポレイション 共振子構造及びそのような共振子構造を有するフィルター
JP2001326553A (ja) * 2000-05-17 2001-11-22 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 圧電フィルタ、通信装置および圧電フィルタの製造方法

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110298564A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2011-12-08 Kazuki Iwashita Thin-Film Piezoelectric Resonator and Thin-Film Piezoelectric Filter Using the Same
US8854156B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2014-10-07 Ube Industries, Ltd. Thin-film piezoelectric resonator and thin-film piezoelectric filter using the same
EP2306641B1 (fr) * 2009-10-01 2017-03-29 STmicroelectronics SA Procédé de fabrication de résonateur BAW à facteur de qualité élevé
US20120182090A1 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Wei Pang Acoustic wave resonator
US8791776B2 (en) * 2011-01-19 2014-07-29 Wei Pang Acoustic wave resonator having a gasket
JP2014176095A (ja) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-22 Triquint Semiconductor Inc 強固に固定されたバルク弾性波共振器における境界リングモード抑制
US11133791B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2021-09-28 Qorvo Us, Inc. Spurious mode suppression in bulk acoustic wave resonator
JP2018037906A (ja) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-08 太陽誘電株式会社 圧電薄膜共振器、フィルタおよびマルチプレクサ。
US10715099B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2020-07-14 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Bulk acoustic wave resonator and method for manufacturing the same
JP2019092096A (ja) * 2017-11-16 2019-06-13 太陽誘電株式会社 弾性波デバイスおよびその製造方法、フィルタ並びにマルチプレクサ
JP7037336B2 (ja) 2017-11-16 2022-03-16 太陽誘電株式会社 弾性波デバイスおよびその製造方法、フィルタ並びにマルチプレクサ
JP2019193168A (ja) * 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 サムソン エレクトロ−メカニックス カンパニーリミテッド. バルク音響共振器及びその製造方法
JP2021532659A (ja) * 2018-08-01 2021-11-25 アールエフ360・ヨーロップ・ゲーエムベーハー 改良された上部電極接続部を有するbaw共振器
US12009802B2 (en) 2018-08-01 2024-06-11 Rf360 Singapore Pte. Ltd. Baw resonator with improved top electrode connection
JP2020202564A (ja) * 2019-06-12 2020-12-17 ツー−シックス デラウェア インコーポレイテッドII−VI Delaware,Inc. 電極画定された非サスペンデッド音響共振器
WO2021112214A1 (ja) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 株式会社村田製作所 弾性波装置
US12395149B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2025-08-19 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Acoustic wave device
JP2024533671A (ja) * 2021-10-15 2024-09-12 ウーハン イエンシー マイクロ コンポーネンツ カンパニーリミテッド バルク弾性波共振構造およびその製造方法、弾性波デバイス
JP7662899B2 (ja) 2021-10-15 2025-04-15 ウーハン イエンシー マイクロ コンポーネンツ カンパニーリミテッド バルク弾性波共振構造およびその製造方法、弾性波デバイス

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPWO2009013938A1 (ja) 2010-09-30
US20100134210A1 (en) 2010-06-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009013938A1 (ja) 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ装置
CN110383682B (zh) 弹性波装置、高频前端电路、通信装置及弹性波装置的制造方法
WO2021021730A3 (en) Doped bulk acoustic wave (baw) resonator structures, devices and systems
WO2009031358A1 (ja) 圧電共振子
ATE515108T1 (de) Abstimmbarer dünnschicht-volumenwellen-resonator, herstellungsmethode dafür, filter, mehrschichtiges zusammengesetztes elektronisches bauelement und kommunikationsvorrichtung
EP4068628A4 (en) ACOUSTIC VOLUME RESONATOR WITH ELECTRODE HAVING A CAVITY, FILTER AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE
WO2008126473A1 (ja) 圧電薄膜フィルタ
JP2018129798A5 (ja) 音響的に分離された多チャンネルフィードバックを備えた弾性波デバイス、マルチプレクサ及び弾性表面波デバイス
TW200644049A (en) Film bulk acoustic resonator and filter circuit
JP2018026735A5 (ja)
WO2008090651A1 (ja) 圧電共振子及び圧電フィルタ
DE60336617D1 (de) Piezoelektrischer Resonator, piezoelektrischer Filter und Kommunikationsvorrichtung
WO2009028027A1 (ja) 圧電薄膜共振子、それを用いたフィルタ、そのフィルタを用いたデュプレクサおよびそのフィルタまたはそのデュプレクサを用いた通信機
WO2008078573A1 (ja) 弾性表面波共振器並びにそれを用いた弾性表面波フィルタ及びアンテナ共用器
EP1041717A3 (en) Bulk acoustic wave resonator with improved lateral mode suppression
WO2002103900A1 (fr) Resonateur piezoelectrique a film fin
TW200603418A (en) A film bulk acoustic resonator package and method of fabricating same
EP1523096A3 (en) Film bulk acoustic resonator and method for manufacturing the same
EP3588976A1 (en) Glass plate construct
EP4113838A4 (en) ACOUSTIC BULK WAVE RESONATOR WITH ELECTRODE HAVING A CAVITY LAYER, FILTER AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE
EP1748557A3 (en) Integrated filter including FBAR and SAW resonator and fabrication method therefor
WO2006129532A1 (ja) 圧電共振子及び圧電薄膜フィルタ
EP1515435A3 (en) Thin film resonator, method for making thin film resonator and filter having thin film resonators
EP4488963A3 (en) Under-display ultrasonic fingerprint sensors for foldable displays
EP1746722A3 (en) Film bulk acoustic wave resonator and manufacturing method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08777082

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2009524416

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08777082

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1