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WO2007048395A1 - Procédé de lecture pour panneaux de capteurs, en particulier pour capteurs d’empreintes digitales - Google Patents

Procédé de lecture pour panneaux de capteurs, en particulier pour capteurs d’empreintes digitales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007048395A1
WO2007048395A1 PCT/DE2006/001881 DE2006001881W WO2007048395A1 WO 2007048395 A1 WO2007048395 A1 WO 2007048395A1 DE 2006001881 W DE2006001881 W DE 2006001881W WO 2007048395 A1 WO2007048395 A1 WO 2007048395A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
sensor
column
sensor elements
signal
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Ceased
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PCT/DE2006/001881
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Burkhard BÜSTGENS
Joachim Aurich
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE112006003523T priority Critical patent/DE112006003523A5/de
Publication of WO2007048395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007048395A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of measurement of distributed physical quantities with a sensor array.
  • a sensor array This is to be understood as meaning a device which contains a plurality of mostly planar, usually regular and mostly arranged in rows and columns sensor elements which each have at least two electrical connections, between which an electrical impedance is measured, resulting from the action of the physical quantity changed to each sensor element.
  • the invention provides a method for noise-insensitive and thus highly sensitive readout of these sensor elements of a sensor field. The method can be used particularly advantageously where sensor elements of the smallest size and with a small measuring effect are used to detect distributed physical quantities.
  • a sensor array is constructed of purely passive sensor elements, which are usually connected via a number of row and column terminals with a readout electronics.
  • the main focus here is on the area of imaging biometric sensors such as fingerprint sensors and palm sensors, without restricting the substitutability of the method to only these areas.
  • the method can also be used for optical imaging sensors, tactile area sensors, or array sensors for screening analysis in biology or in the analytical field, in short, for sensor fields whose sensor elements are electrically readable impedances.
  • biometric sensors in particular fingerprint sensors
  • the method can be used for virtually all known measuring methods, since the majority of the fingerprint sensors are based on the change in the electrical impedance of a micro-sensor element, caused by the resting finger.
  • capacitive measuring method the impedance between the isolated electrodes of a sensor element that is brought into contact with the skin is measured. Due to the different dielectric and conductive properties of skin and air in the finger grooves, different material properties act on the here predominantly capacitive impedance of a sensor element. The capacities are usually in the femto-farad Range, so that the measuring effect is very small.
  • fingerprint sensors according to the capacitive method currently require an amplifier at each pixel, which can be interrogated via the rows or columns, as described, for example, in US Pat. 6,016,355 is described.
  • Capacitance change movable electrodes are described in US Pat. 4,353,056.
  • the detection of the pixel state is also done by driving a column and reading the signal on one or more column, but in a simple way, which is not immune to interference and sensitive enough.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an interference-proof and sensitive readout method for sensor fields of the type described.
  • an electronic readout method for a sensor array for measuring distributed variables is provided, in particular for measuring fingerprints or handprints in contact, wherein the sensor array contains passive sensor elements in a matrix arrangement whose impedance dependent on the measured variable with the aid of an impressed drive signal to a further processable measurement signal is read, characterized in that the impressed drive signal is time-variable and the measurement signal in the further processing, at least by means of a synchronous to the drive signal
  • Trigger signal is phase sensitive rectified and filtered.
  • the method By modulation of the drive signal, phase-sensitive rectification and filtering of the measurement signal, the method provides a high interference immunity. Since the predominantly statistical interference signals in the signal chain do not correlate with the actual modulation frequency, they are effectively suppressed by the phase-sensitive rectification.
  • Thermally operating finger pressure sensors with thermistors as sensor elements can be improved in their sensitivity by using the readout method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention offers the possibility of determining the complex Impedance of each sensor element according to real and imaginary part. In this way, considerably more information about measured objects, for example a finger to be examined, can be measured than with a purely resistive or capacitive measurement. In particular, therefore, the method can also be useful for life detection of the finger, the defense against dummies (fake fingers) or the identification of the known reappearing last fingerprint (latent fingerprint) in capacitive fingerprint sensors. Thus, the method according to the invention also offers advantages for actively operated capacitive fingerprint sensors as described in US Pat. 6,016,355.
  • the inventive method can also be used to operate acoustically operating fingerprint sensors whose sensor elements are piezoelectric elements and which have no active electronic components within the sensor field.
  • the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric elements is measured, which due to their transducer properties is influenced by the acoustic impedance of the surrounding material.
  • the possibility of measuring the real part and imaginary part of the electrical impedance of each piezoelectric measuring element with the method according to the invention provides additional data for the biometric analysis of the finger.
  • Applications range from fingerprint and palmprint sensors, to pressure-sensitive and thermal sensors, to chemical and biochemical analyzers that can be equipped with low-cost, purpose-designed passive sensors.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows as an application example the use of the method according to the invention for a passive capacitive sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sensor field 1 with sensor elements 2.
  • sensor elements 2 here impedances Z are shown, representative of complex impedances with R, C or L component in the most general case.
  • a time-varying drive signal 3 within the scope of the invention. This is, for example, periodically with a constant or variable period, or in particular harmonious, the choice of the most favorable waveform should be matched to the measurement task, or on the type of impedance to be read.
  • the generation of a processable Measurement signal is shown in Fig. 1 only schematically by a measurement signal generating block 4. This is representative of a physical method for determining the impedance of the sensor elements.
  • the drive signal 3 is an electrical current
  • a voltage drops across the measuring element impedance 2, which voltage may possibly only be amplified and used as a measuring signal 5 for the further signal processing according to the invention.
  • This case can be advantageous, for example, in active sensor arrays, that is to say sensor arrays which have an integrated amplifier at each sensor element impedance, since in this way a voltage signal which is more favorable for the measurement signal processing can be easily formed from the measured variable.
  • the control signal is a voltage signal.
  • a current change occurs, which is converted by a current-voltage converter into an easily processable measuring signal 5.
  • the measuring signal 5 is rectified in a phase sensitive manner. This can be done simultaneously for all sensor elements, ie in parallel, which would be possible in an active sensor field and requires that each sensor element has its own phase-sensitive rectifier. It can be done for the elements of a column simultaneously, which requires that there are as many phase-sensitive rectifiers as the number of rows.
  • the entire sensor array is then read out by serially reading out the elements one column at a time and rectifying them in a phase-sensitive manner. This case will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 2. In the extreme case, it is conceivable to use a single phase-sensitive rectifier for the processing of the measurement signals of the entire sensor field, which would be possible by the use of multiplexers. In this case, however, the read-out time would be maximum because sequentially all sensor elements of the sensor array would have to be processed.
  • the mode of operation of the phase-sensitive rectifier 6 is shown schematically in FIG. 1: controlled by a trigger signal which is synchronous with the drive signal, the measurement signal is inverted in time with the drive signal, delayed by an optional phase shift or fixed delay time. A DC voltage signal thereby becomes an AC voltage signal which adds on average to zero. A filter 7 then performs the averaging and eliminates the influence of offsets, subharmonic noise, humming, and even-numbered ones harmonic disturbances.
  • the known lock-in amplifier can be used, which offers ideal interference suppression, in particular in the case of harmonic activation. In practice, however, the analog signal multiplication used there can be realized only with great effort.
  • phase-sensitive rectification increases the sensitivity of the output signal with respect to changes in impedance.
  • the control signal for the phase-synchronous switching of the rectifier is taken from the drive signal 3.
  • a threshold or trigger 8 provides the exact period.
  • a phase shifter 9 or generally a time delay in the case of non-periodic control signals, must be present. This allows the process to be adapted to different sensor technologies without a circuit change.
  • an undisturbed and sensitive measurement signal can be obtained from resistive matrices with pixel resistances in the megohm range and from capacitive matrix sensors with pixel capacities in the lower femto-farad range.
  • sensor arrays can be used without additional electronic components on the sensor array.
  • Figure 2 shows a section of the equivalent electrical circuit diagram of a passive impedance matrix, representative of a passive sensor field.
  • N is the dimension of the NxN sensor field
  • the current to be measured flows via the selected sensor pixel 2 onto the row line Zl i-1. All other N-1 pixels are parallel to ground and parallel to current measurement 4.
  • the resulting equivalent circuit for the supply of a line thus consists of a frequency-compensated voltage divider with the upper impedance of R_pix parallel to C_pix and the lower impedance R_pix / (N-1) parallel to (N-1) * C_pix, fed by an AC source 3 and whose voltage divider tap is loaded with the input impedance of the real current-voltage converter 4. Since the non-activated columns are all at ground, no power can be fed into the row line from the pixels connected there. This limits the local resolution to the driven column and prevents crosstalk from adjacent columns.
  • Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the transmitter.
  • a column driver 3 impresses a periodic alternating signal on the selected column with low resistance.
  • the line signal is fed to a current-voltage converter 4, which provides a virtual ground potential at the input.
  • a current-voltage converter 4 provides a virtual ground potential at the input.
  • the current-voltage converter 4 must have a sufficiently small time constant in order to be able to follow the time characteristic of the impressing voltage 3.
  • the phase-sensitive rectification 6 can be realized, for example, by switching between a negative 6b and positive 6a by, for example, a k-fold amplified measuring signal in the cycle of the phase shift 9 shifted trigger signal. If in each case only the positive half-oscillations are successively assembled by the electronic change-over switch 6c, a pulsating DC voltage is produced whose arithmetic mean value must be formed in a subsequent stage, the filter 7. A small number of periods leads to averaging. Especially suitable are third-order low passes and the formation of the moving average.
  • the trigger signal is formed by a threshold value switch 8 from the drive signal, which gives accurate information over the length of the period.
  • the phase-sensitive rectifier must, however, exactly in the zero crossing of the signals
  • A1 and A2 are switched to achieve the maximum sensitivity.
  • the trigger signal with which the phase-sensitive rectification is operated is finally meandering and has a 3 in the case of a harmonic drive signal
  • the measurement signal is also harmonious and the trigger signal can also be harmonic, so that instead of the described synchronous rectification, an analog multiplication can be performed and thus the property can be used that the Signal before filtering 7 contains only the measurement signal itself as a DC signal and not odd harmonics of the periodicity of the drive signal can generate a DC component, as in the case of the phase-sensitive rectifier of the case.
  • the virtual ground i. the input admittance of the current-Sapn Vietnameses converter, have a relation to the parallel admittance formed from the grounding resistors and capacitors have a much greater value.
  • Rectification 6 inverting 6b and noninverting 6a is performed.
  • phase-synchronous trigger signal is obtained by a thresholding derived from the column signal by means of trigger 8 and subsequent variable phase shift 9.
  • the arithmetic mean of the phase-sensitive rectified measurement signal becomes maximum when the phase-synchronous switching is at the zero crossing of the measurement signal amplified by k or -k.
  • the phase position of the measuring signals can vary. It is therefore necessary to provide the phase shifter 9 with a programmable phase shift in the range -180 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + 180 °.
  • a triangular time function is recommended at the active supply 3, but the signals are smoothed by the time behavior of the real electronic components in the current-voltage converter and in the voltage amplifiers to sinusoidal time courses, so that a more uncomplicated sinusoidal feed to the selected column also leads to the desired destination.
  • sensitivities of SOmV / flF with an average pixel capacity of 5 / F can be achieved in the case of capacitive finger and edge pressure sensors.
  • the method according to the invention additionally offers the possibility of determining the complex impedance of each sensor element. Technically, this is achieved by reading the measuring field a first time with a first phase shift of the trigger signal ⁇ 1 and storing it, and a second time with a second phase shift of the trigger signal ⁇ 2. From the stored impedance values, the complex impedance of each measuring element can then be calculated.
  • dummies of a fingerprint are characterized by certain characteristics of their impedance, such as the high electrical conductivity of a dummy with which a capacitive sensor is to be deceived.
  • the measured fingerprint can be identified as a dummy's fingerprint if the impedance properties of the dummy are known.
  • the possibility of impedance analysis of the skin with the fingerprint sensor is given by the method according to the invention, whereby further important data for characterizing the authenticity of the applied finger could be obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour panneau de capteurs passif par exemple pour la mesure d'empreintes digitales ou palmaires comportant des impédances électriques comme éléments capteurs, disposés en matrice et connectés chacun à une piste conductrice horizontale et une piste conductrice verticale, permettant une lecture rapide des impédances du panneau de capteurs et en particulier une limitation maximale des parasites électromagnétiques agissant sur les éléments capteurs et les conducteurs électriques du panneau de capteurs passif, caractérisé par une mémorisation des signaux dans les éléments capteurs d'une colonne k par application d'une tension d'alimentation de courbe temporelle périodique à la piste conductrice verticale de rang k, poursuite du traitement parallèle des courants de la colonne k traversant n éléments capteurs au niveau des n raccords de ligne grâce à une conversion de tension de courant des courants de lignes en signaux de mesure, qui représentent l'impédance des éléments capteurs des n éléments capteurs de la colonne, redressement en aval, sensible à la phase, des signaux de mesure en utilisant un signal de référence présentant pour la tension d'alimentation une phase constante pendant le processus de mesure, et filtrage en aval des signaux de mesure redressés et sensibles à la phase.
PCT/DE2006/001881 2005-10-24 2006-10-24 Procédé de lecture pour panneaux de capteurs, en particulier pour capteurs d’empreintes digitales Ceased WO2007048395A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112006003523T DE112006003523A5 (de) 2005-10-24 2006-10-24 Ausleseverfahren für Sensorfelder, insbesondere für Fingerabdruck-Sensoren

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005051530.4 2005-10-24
DE102005051530A DE102005051530A1 (de) 2005-10-26 2005-10-26 Ausleseverfahren für Sensorfelder, insbesondere für Fingerabdruck-Sensoren

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Cited By (5)

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US8421890B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2013-04-16 Picofield Technologies, Inc. Electronic imager using an impedance sensor grid array and method of making
US8791792B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2014-07-29 Idex Asa Electronic imager using an impedance sensor grid array mounted on or about a switch and method of making
US8866347B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2014-10-21 Idex Asa Biometric image sensing
US9798917B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2017-10-24 Idex Asa Biometric sensing
CN115628761A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-20 华南理工大学 一种低功耗抗扰动的电阻式传感器及可穿戴设备

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FI20095187L (fi) * 2009-02-26 2010-08-27 Valtion Teknillinen Menetelmä ja laitteisto etanolin tunnistusta varten
US8598555B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2013-12-03 Authentec, Inc. Finger sensing apparatus with selectively operable transmitting/receiving pixels and associated methods

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10115001B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2018-10-30 Idex Asa Biometric image sensing
US8791792B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2014-07-29 Idex Asa Electronic imager using an impedance sensor grid array mounted on or about a switch and method of making
US8866347B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2014-10-21 Idex Asa Biometric image sensing
US9268988B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2016-02-23 Idex Asa Biometric image sensing
US9600704B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2017-03-21 Idex Asa Electronic imager using an impedance sensor grid array and method of making
US9659208B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2017-05-23 Idex Asa Biometric image sensing
US8421890B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2013-04-16 Picofield Technologies, Inc. Electronic imager using an impedance sensor grid array and method of making
US11080504B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2021-08-03 Idex Biometrics Asa Biometric image sensing
US10592719B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2020-03-17 Idex Biometrics Asa Biometric image sensing
US9798917B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2017-10-24 Idex Asa Biometric sensing
US10114497B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2018-10-30 Idex Asa Biometric sensing
US10101851B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2018-10-16 Idex Asa Display with integrated touch screen and fingerprint sensor
US10088939B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2018-10-02 Idex Asa Biometric sensing
CN115628761A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-20 华南理工大学 一种低功耗抗扰动的电阻式传感器及可穿戴设备
CN115628761B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-10-13 华南理工大学 一种低功耗抗扰动的电阻式传感器及可穿戴设备

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DE102005051530A1 (de) 2007-05-03

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