WO1996015339A1 - Device for coating building surfaces with curable viscous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for coating building surfaces (1) with curable viscous materials (6). The device comprises a connection piece for delivering viscous material, a nozzle arrangement (2) for applying viscous material, and a smoothing limb (3) for smoothing the surface of a layer once applied. In order to simplify and rationalise the application process and prevent the defects caused by the jet delivery, the application device is designed in such a way that the nozzle arrangement consists of a flat nozzle (2, 7) whose outlet aperture (20) is open towards the building surface (1) and counter to the direction of application (A) in the plane of the applied layer (61, 62, 63, 64), and the smoothing limb (3) of the outlet aperture (20) is immediately adjacent to the flat nozzle (2), extends away from the direction of application (A) and lies tangentially to the applied layer (61, 62, 63, 64). The invention also concerns a method of producing certain objects and elements for buildings and the like using the proposed device.

Description

 Device for coating surfaces on buildings using hardenable thick materials

The invention relates to a device for coating surfaces on buildings by means of hardenable thick matter, consisting of a connecting piece for a thick matter feed, from a nozzle arrangement for applying a

Thick, from a coating leg for leveling the surface of the applied layer

The invention also relates to ner drives for the production of certain objects and elements for buildings and the like using the device according to the invention

Devices of the type mentioned are known, among others, from DE-PS 26 42 783

A flat plaster application nozzle is arranged at the front end of a cement delivery hose, with which a Mortel stream can be applied in layers on a surface. The outlet opening of the nozzle is perpendicular to the

Longitudinal axis of the nozzle aligned

This flat nozzle designed in this way is not suitable for plastering walls. The nozzle, which is freely guided by hand in the space in front of the wall, is at different distances from the one to be coated due to the Mortel stream escaping at different application speeds and under different pressure

Wall printed The mortar application is uneven Air entrapment cannot be avoided with certainty The effort to adjust the layer thickness with the help of a matchboard is considerable In the area of the air inclusions the still pasty mortar falls from the surface Extensive, manual reworking is necessary EP patent application 215 243 proposes a device for applying a layer capable of setting. To avoid the rebound of the thick material-air mixture sprayed onto the wall, the nozzle is directed at an angle of 30 - 45 ° to the wall and builds up the layer one after the other in inclined positions.

The rebound of the mortar particles is restricted by the plastic thick layer that is always present. The spreading of the applied thick material elements to the surface of the thick material layer is prevented by a formwork-like, traceable support surface. An endless path runs over this support surface, guided by guide rollers, counter to the direction of application

Tape. In conjunction with the support surface, this tape ensures that the surface of the applied layer is balanced and solidified in a certain sense.

The endless belt is fed to the spray nozzle at a defined distance. Such a device can certainly be used with advantages if layers are large

Thickness should be applied to very irregular surfaces. Such a device cannot be used for coating, as a rule, flat building surfaces with relatively thin layers.

In the case of thin layers, the thick material cannot be applied in such a targeted manner that the thick material layers on the wall follow

Could dampen thick splashes to the extent necessary. The scattering mortar jet also hits the uncoated hard wall. The mortar hitting there sprays back into the room uncontrollably. Only a small part is returned from the conveyor belt to the shift.

The use of this device could therefore be used for the lining of

Tunneling, but not for plastering building areas A device for plastering building surfaces has been proposed by EP patent application 0607995. A working carriage is guided on a guide device mounted in front of the wall to be coated, which should apply mortar layers in layers from bottom to top and roughly level them.

A mortar spray nozzle, which can be pressurized with compressed air, is arranged on this work sled and executes a reciprocating movement with a simultaneous, slow lifting movement of the work sled. In this way, zigzag-shaped mortar is applied to the building surface. A spreading leg is arranged below the working level of the spray nozzle, which equalizes the applied mortar layer when the working slide moves upwards.

Basically, this device is certainly suitable for applying a layer of mortar on large, flat surfaces which have only a limited number of interruptions. However, it is disadvantageous that the particles thrown at high speed onto the generally rigid surface of the wall spring back in large numbers and collect on the floor under the wall. This

Particles are usually waste.

They make repeated, time-consuming cleaning of the floor necessary and require time-consuming reworking, especially in the lower area of the wall.

The recessed mortar elements also contaminate the guide for the work sled and the work sled itself. Permanent cleaning of this guide is therefore essential.

The plastering of surfaces with this device is practically not feasible especially when the surfaces have many interruptions, windows, doors, ledges, pipes and the like. Like. Have. The construction of the guide devices then requires so much time that the application of the mortar layer with a conventional, from Hand manipulable nozzle and a float for leveling the applied layer is considerably more rational.

The work sledge cannot be designed so that it can be guided by hand on the coated wall. The recoil of the to-and-fro nozzle and the masses to be moved when guiding the nozzle make it impossible to guide such a work carriage by hand.

In addition, it is unacceptable for the worker guiding the nozzle arrangement to be in the area of the recessed thick matter particles. The thick material sticks to the clothing and skin of the worker and hardens. After a short time, the ability to work would no longer be guaranteed.

The document US 18 29 479 shows a device for applying thick material to a building surface, where the outlet opening of the nozzle is framed by a plate which forms a plane. The layer of mortar is spread out in the plane of the slab. A string leg is not specially arranged.

For this reason, the functionality is not given, since the layer to be applied can emerge in an uncontrolled manner on all sides of the plate level. The transport of the mortar from the reservoir via the hose to the nozzle opening by means of the screw conveyor shown here is practically not feasible, since proper pump pressure cannot be built up.

The document DE-PS 969 391 shows a plastering device which hurls the plastering tray onto the surface to be coated by means of a pair of spray rollers which is located in a housing.

"The housing 18, which carries the rollers 15, widens towards the wall and has upper and lower outer edges 3, which form wiping lips 19, which are simultaneously designed as smoothers."

Since all 4 sides of the housing form a level according to the working direction at the same time, this system is not suitable for applying a plaster layer properly because the mass, since it is not delimited by side walls to the building surface, can escape on all sides, even against the layer to be applied.

With the document DE 26 42 783 AI an application device for paintable plaster is presented, where the outlet opening of the "application mouthpiece" forms a plane on all sides at a certain angle, the acute angle of which is inclined to the building surface and affects the layer to be applied.

This system is also unsuitable for the proper application of a layer of plaster, since here too the mass can escape uncontrollably on all sides due to the even opening opening.

The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of this device.

The object of the invention is to provide a manually operable application device, which ensures that the mortar or other thick materials can be applied in relatively thin layers without rebound, while avoiding air pockets on preferably flat building surfaces. The device should be able to be connected to a continuously pumping mortar pump, which can be guided along the wall to be plastered with a reservoir.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in principle by the elements shown in claim 1. Due to the defined spreading of the thick material layer and the tangential flowing application of the same on the building surface, while at the same time equalizing the layer thickness by the coating leg, the mortar bounces off the wall with certainty. Practice has also shown that this procedure reliably prevents air pockets between the surface of the building and the thick material applied.

The adhesion of the layer to the building surface is no different from a sprayed-on layer. The flat nozzle on the wall is simply too handle and guide. It is only necessary to manipulate the dead weight of the flat nozzle and the hose plus the thick matter contained therein.

The device is guided via the extremely narrow side walls directly on the building surface. No additional guide structures are mandatory.

The embodiment according to claim 2 makes it possible to apply thick layers of material in a precisely defined width and to apply several layers of thick material on the wall directly next to one another, almost without gasses.

If you extend the side walls according to claim 3 to the end of the coating legs, you can a uniformly thick layer with precise guidance of the

Ensure flat nozzle on the wall.

With the design of the flat nozzle according to claim 4 supports a uniform distribution of the mortar or thick material over the entire width of the outlet opening of the flat nozzle.

With the help of the closure members defined in claim 5, which in the

Positioning input area of the individual flat nozzles and can be adjusted in different positions, a certain adjustability of the width of the applied thick material layer is guaranteed.

The thick matter feed according to claim 6 ensures an almost continuous thick matter transport to the application device. The

Vane pump including storage for the thick material can be carried easily on the surface of the wall, ceiling or floor to be coated. The hose between the vane pump and application device can be cleaned with minimal loss and has a minimal impact on the person who drives the nozzle. With the arrangement of gripping surfaces, which is useful for handling the flat nozzle, according to claim 7 and the positioning of a push button for the switching and speed setting of the motor of the vane pump, one can manipulate the application device without any help on the wall to be used and also smaller sub-areas in different positions with sufficient Coating quality.

Different layer thicknesses can be realized by the adjustability of the coating leg according to claim 8.

Irregular surfaces, e.g. B. stucco profiles can be produced very advantageously by the design of the coating leg according to claim 9. However, it is advisable to provide a separate nozzle for each type of profile, the interior of which has only the absolutely necessary dimensions for the thick material feed. The effort for reworking the profiles can be reduced to a minimum.

Particularly in the case of profiles of small dimensions, it makes sense to provide the pressure relief openings defined in claim 10.

With the device defined in claims 1 to 10, working methods for producing certain parts of the building and surfaces can be designed or modified in a particularly advantageous manner.

Claim 11 defines a method which is particularly suitable for the protection of building exterior walls covered with polyurethane foam. Due to the fluid application of the curable thick layer, the gluing of the fabric can be avoided in a special operation. The thick material is pressed through the small openings in the tissue on the back of the same. There it creates a stable connection between the fabric and the wall. The device can also be used with particular advantages in the manufacture of so-called Rabitz walls. The fact that the thick material flow is applied to the fabric or grid in a fluid manner prevents rebounding or flinging through of thick material particles. Means for shielding thick material splashes are no longer required.

The working method according to claim 13 enables the production of relatively thin-walled, relief-like wall sections which can be placed and fastened on other structural parts of the building after the curing process.

Particular advantages are achieved with the device according to the invention when applying heat-insulating layers to the walls of buildings (claim 14).

Due to the fluid application of such layers, the particles securing the air inclusions, e.g. B. PUR foam balls, not destroyed or deformed. These layers can be applied with high productivity. Savings are also quite considerable when transporting the raw materials to the construction site.

The additional application of a thin layer of mortar - according to claim 15 - on the one hand protects the thermal insulation layer from mechanical influences and from weather influences; on the other hand, one avoids the not unproblematic compensation process for a layer that contains PUR foam balls.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.

Show in the accompanying drawings

1 shows a plan view of the application device, partially cut in the upper section, FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the application zone of the application device in section, Figure 3 is a schematic overall representation of the order with

Thick matter feed, vane pump and thick matter storage,

Figure 4 is a side view of the application device for the application level

Thick layers of thick material, FIG. 5 shows a cut made in the working direction through an application device with a profiled coating leg,

FIG. 6 shows a view of the device according to FIG. 5 from the left,

Figure 7 is a schematic representation of the procedure for producing a

Plaster layer with inserted reinforcing fabric, Figure 8 is a schematic representation of the working process for producing a Rabitz wall and

FIG. 9 shows an illustration of the application of a mixture of polyurethane balls which are mixed with a viscous binder.

The application device according to the first embodiment is designed as a flat nozzle 2.

The flat nozzle 2 is connected to the hose 53 via its connecting piece 29. The flat nozzle 2 has a distribution system 41, 42 with individual flat nozzles 21, 22, 23, 24. The outlet openings of the individual flat nozzles 21, 22, 23, 24 open into the outlet opening 20 of the flat nozzle 2. The outlet opening 20 of the flat nozzle 2 is to the building surface 1 and opposite to the application direction A, here downwards, open in the plane of the applied layer 61.

Adjacent to the outlet opening 20 in the plane of the surface of the applied layer 61 is the coating leg 3, which is adjustably fastened to the underside of the flat nozzle wall 2 by means of fastening angles 31 and set screws 32.

In the area of the cover wall 26 of the flat nozzle 2, a cover strip made of elastic material is exchangeably arranged with the aid of a fastening strip 262. This cover strip 261 is inclined slightly downward and shields the outlet opening 20 upwards. Due to the elastic design of the cover strip, an almost uniform layer thickness 61 can be ensured even on an irregular surface.

A closure member 27 or 28 is provided in the entrance area of each individual flat nozzle. This locking member 27, 28 is pivotable about a pin 271, 281 and can be adjusted via the locking lever 272 or 282 in four different positions.

In the position indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1, both individual flat nozzles 21 and 22 or 23 and 24 are open and fully functional. Based on the closure member 27 two further positions are shown. In the position 27 'shown in dashed lines, the individual flat nozzle 21 is closed. The thick material flow only reaches the outlet opening via the individual flat nozzle 22. In position 27 "(dash-dot line) both individual flat nozzles of this line are closed. The flow of mortar only reaches the outlet opening 20 via the individual flat nozzles 23 and 24.

In a further position, which is not shown, the individual flat nozzle 22 is closed. This position is selected if you want to apply little or no mortar in a narrow area of the surface.

The flat nozzle 2 is preferably formed by the rear wall of the flat nozzle 2 and the distributor sections 41 and 42 of FIG

Hand held. A button 522 is provided in the left section, which the

Switching on and off and setting the speed of the motor 520 of the

Vane pump 52 allows.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the thick material flow through the flat nozzle 2.

The thick material 6 consequently passes through the outlet opening 20 in a narrow, homogeneous stream directly onto the surface 1 to be coated. Any trapped air escapes upward around the front edge of the cover strip 261. This process is supported by the action of the coating leg 3.

With the help of the coating leg 3, the applied layer 61 is pressed against the surface 1 and the surface thereof is smoothed.

The width of the layer 61 is limited by the side walls 25. The side walls 25 consist of narrow metal sheets and are supported on the surface 1 in a sliding manner. It is expedient to round the side walls 25 at least in the discharge direction A upwards and to the surface 1 or to provide them with a chamfer.

It is expedient to releasably attach the side walls 25 to the flat nozzle 2 in order to replace them after a long period of use due to wear.

The dimensions of the side wall 25 should be such that it is greater than the maximum layer thickness. You should the outlet opening 20 and the coating zone in the area of the

Close the coating leg 3 completely to the side.

The overall arrangement of the application device is shown in FIG. 3. The movement of the application device 2 from the floor to the ceiling is shown schematically there by the representation of the respective end positions. Floors and ceilings can of course also be coated in the same or a similar manner with this application device 2.

The accumulator 51 and the pump, which is preferably designed as a vane pump 52, are arranged on a flat carriage 54, which also carries the actuating and control means for the motor 520 of the vane pump 52. The pump conveys the thick matter 6 continuously into the flat nozzle 2 via the hose 53. The operator can actuate the setting button 522 arranged in the grip area of the flat nozzle 2.

The respective setting information is transmitted via line 523 to the actuator 521 of the vane pump 52. In this way you can start or interrupt the flow of mortar, or change its flow rate.

In Figure 4, the flat nozzle 2 is shown again in side view. The intention is to show the technical means by which the cross section of the flat nozzle 2 can be designed so that the supplied mortar / thick material 6 can be distributed in the flat nozzle 2 at a constant speed and the thick material flow as a uniform layer 61 on the building surfaces 1 can apply.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show two views of a modified device 7, in which a profiled coating leg 71 is provided. With this device 1 stucco profiles 62 can be applied to flat surfaces. The coating leg 71 is continuously profiled. For the compensation of

Pressure differences, which are due to the volume-related differences between the conveying speed and the application speed, are provided at least one pressure relief opening 76. In this way, the occurrence of irregularities in the profile layer 62 is avoided. In order to reliably guide this application device along a template or a ruler, it is expedient to provide a guide ruler 75 on the body of the nozzle.

So that one is able to make the connection with self-contained profile strands 62, it is advisable to have a retractable or pivotable locking slide on the device 7 relative to the coating leg 71

74, to which guides 741 on device 7 are assigned. This allows the self-contained profile strand 62 to be closed and the size of the “lost head” to be largely reduced. The reworking of this area can be reduced to a minimum. For the angular attachment of similar profile strands, profile flat nozzles or attachments therefor (not shown) can be used, whose outlet opening at the end of the coating leg 71 is inclined to the application direction A.

With the device described, in particular with the flat nozzle 2 according to the

Figures 1, 2 and 4, one can modify known methods in an advantageous manner. So shows z. For example, FIG. 7 shows the application of a mortar layer 65 to a surface 1 which is covered with polyurethane foam panels (PUR foam panels). In addition to the application of the mortar layer 65, a reinforcement or reinforcement made of fabric 80 is to be introduced in this working method.

In previous methods, the fabric was first glued to the PUR layer and then, after the adhesive had set, the appropriate plaster was applied. The process can be simplified with the present device. The fabric 80 is attached to the upper boundary of this surface 1 with a strip 84 and stretched in front of the surface 1. Then, starting from the bottom, the mortar is applied using the device 2 described. Due to the flowing application process, which takes place at low speed but with adequate pressure, the thick material 6 also penetrates through the existing holes onto the back of the fabric 80 and thus also ensures the connection between the fabric 80 and the surface 1.

A so-called Rabitz wall can also be produced very advantageously with the application device 2, 51, 52, 53 (FIG. 8). A fabric or gauze 81 stretched in a space 82, 83 is covered on both sides with at least one layer 63, 64 each. When the first layer 64 is applied, 641 thick material penetrates through the openings in the fabric or in the gauze 81. The second layer 63 is then applied to this thick material 641. The two layers 64 and 63 are thus stably connected to one another, including the gauze 81. The manufacturing process is controlled with minimal waste. Thick matter particles are neither thrown through nor thrown back. It is avoided that parts of the thick material layer 64, 65 fall off due to vibrations of the fabric or the gauze 81 and have to be applied again.

The proposed device is also ideal for that

Apply thermal insulation layers 65 (Figure 9). Thermally insulating layers 65 require air or gas enclosing hollow bodies - preferably polyurethane foam balls 66 (PUR foam balls). Balls of this type could not be used with the previously customary method in which the thick materials were sprayed on by pressure.

When they hit the surface to be coated, they spring back due to their elasticity and are therefore no longer available for the formation of the layer.

Others of the bullets burst when they hit the surface. Binder penetrates into the cavities and hardens there. The isolating effect did not occur or only to a very limited extent.

For these reasons, prefabricated PUR foam panels were used to insulate building walls, which were glued to the walls and then solidified with fabric. With the help of an additional layer of mortar, a smooth surface was created, which at the same time protected the PUR foam from mechanical

Damage and / or protected from water.

Another method used so-called foam concrete. The gas formation was stimulated by special additions to the liquid concrete. With mechanical support at the same time, a foam was created which, after curing, had a low specific weight and good thermal insulation properties. The disadvantage, however, was that the gas produced in this way was used for living Organisms was highly toxic. The use of such thermal insulation materials was therefore limited to very few areas of application.

With the present device, mixtures of PUR foam balls, cement as a binder and water as a reaction element can be surprisingly produced and applied to building surfaces.

After these layers 65 have hardened, the surfaces are sufficiently hard for most applications and are protected against the ingress of water. Thermal insulation is sufficient in many cases. If the requirements for the stability of the surface of the layer are particularly high, an additional layer of mortar can be applied, to which very small PUR foam balls can be added.

List of the reference symbols used

1 surface / building wall

2 flat nozzle

20 outlet opening

21, 22, 23, 24 individual flat nozzles

25 side wall

26 ceiling wall

261 cover strip, elastic

262 mounting strip

27, 27 ', 27 "locking member (positions)

271 cones

272 locking lever

28 closure member

281 cones

282 locking lever

29 connecting piece

3 bow legs

31 mounting bracket

32 Set and fastening screw

4 distributors

41 distribution section

42 manifold section

5 thick matter feed

51 memory

52 vane pump 520 engine

521 digits

522 control buttons

523 line

53 hose

54 cars

6 thick matter

61 thick material layer

62 profile layer

63 layer

64 layer

65 shift

66 PUR foam balls (polyurethane foam balls)

67 binders

7 Profile flat nozzle

71 Streichschenkel, profiled

72 connecting pieces

73 hose

74 slide gate

75 ruler

76 Pressure relief opening

80 tissues

81 gauze

82 bar

83 bar

84 bar / frame

A, A ^' order direction

Claims

claims 1 device for coating surfaces on buildings using hardenable thick matter, consisting - from a connecting piece for a thick material feed, - from a flat nozzle for applying a thick material, - From a coating leg in the plane of the outlet opening of the nozzle arrangement for equalizing the surface of the applied layer, characterized in that the coating leg (3) of the outlet opening (20) of the flat nozzle (2) is directly adjacent opposite to the application direction (A) and that assigned to the outlet opening of the flat nozzle (20) opposite the coating leg (3) and on both sides to the side are wall sections (25, 25 ^' , 261) which project beyond the plane of the coating surface of the coating leg (3) by approximately the height of the layer thickness (61) 2 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet opening (20) of the flat nozzle (2) has side walls (25, 25) which extend into the region of the coating leg (3) 3 Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the side walls (25, 25) extend up to close to the end of the coating leg (3) and the coating leg (3) engages over the end of the side walls (25, 25) 4 Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flat nozzle (2) is composed of several individual flat nozzles (21, 22, 23, 24), which between the connecting piece (29) and the outlet opening (20) Flat nozzle (2) are arranged, and that the individual flat nozzles (21, 22, 23, 24) is assigned a distribution system (4, 41, 42) 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the accesses of the individual flat nozzles (21, 22, 23, 24) adjustable and switchable closure members (27, 28) are assigned that each closure member (27, 28) has essentially triangular closure element, which around one of its corner points, in the wall of the Flat nozzle (2) is pivotally mounted and that the closure member (27, 28) the thick material flow - divides into two partial streams in a first position, - Interrupts a partial flow in two further positions (27) and - completely closes the inlet of the single flat nozzle in a fourth position (27 ^" ). 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the thick material feed (5) in a manner known per se, consisting of a memory (51) for the thick material (6), a pump and a flexible hose (53) between the pump and the flat nozzle (2) with a Vane pump (52) is equipped. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flat nozzle (2) are assigned gripping surfaces, in the area of which at least one setting button (522) for the switching and speed setting of the motor (520) of the vane pump (52) is arranged . 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coating leg (3) on the lower boundary surface of the flat nozzle (2) against the surface to be coated (1) is adjustably attached. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating leg (3) is designed to be transverse to the working direction (A). 10 Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the region of the coating leg (3) on the side facing away from the surface (1), pressure relief openings (76) are arranged 11 A method of coating building surfaces, preferably covered with foam panels, by inserting a reinforcing fabric, using a coating device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the reinforcing fabric (80, 81) - hung in front of the surface to be coated (1), - fixed at the lower end in a stretched position and - With the coating device sliding from bottom to top, printed against the building surface (1), and is coated, whereby - The tissue (80, 81) is fixed to the surface (1) by the thick material (65) penetrating the tissue (80, 81) 12 A method for producing Rabitz walls from coated fabric or grid using a coating device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fabric (81) stretched in a frame (82, 83) successively on both sides, by means of a coating device with at least a layer of thick matter (63, 64) is occupied 13 A process for the production of workpieces with a relief-like surface using a coating device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the stretched, plastically deformable fabric or grid is coated on one side by means of a coating device, then reshaped and hardening in the new form is held 14. A method for applying a heat-insulating layer on building surfaces using a coating device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a mixture of PUR foam balls (66), binders (67) - preferably cement - and water applied in layers by means of a coating device and is smoothed. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that after the at least partial curing of this layer of PUR foam balls (66) and binder (67), a layer of mortar (61) is applied. THERE ARE THREE SIDED DRAWINGS!