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WO1992006482A1 - Procede pour accroitre la rigidite dielectrique et pour ameliorer le comportement aux courants de fuite de bandes d'isolement et application de ce procede aux interrupteurs a vide - Google Patents

Procede pour accroitre la rigidite dielectrique et pour ameliorer le comportement aux courants de fuite de bandes d'isolement et application de ce procede aux interrupteurs a vide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992006482A1
WO1992006482A1 PCT/DE1991/000728 DE9100728W WO9206482A1 WO 1992006482 A1 WO1992006482 A1 WO 1992006482A1 DE 9100728 W DE9100728 W DE 9100728W WO 9206482 A1 WO9206482 A1 WO 9206482A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulation
component
coating
vacuum
insulation section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1991/000728
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Schlenk
Karl-Heinz Gunzelmann
Jutta Sill
Ernst-Ludwig Hoene
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO1992006482A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992006482A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the dielectric strength and reducing the leakage currents of insulation sections.
  • the invention relates to the use of this method in vacuum switches with a metallic switching vessel.
  • the invention also relates to such a vacuum switch with mutually movable contacts in a switching vessel made of metallic parts, with an inner insulation gap between the opened contacts and an outer insulation gap between the metallic parts of the switching vessel.
  • the outer insulation section is e.g. realized by a ceramic insulator ring, which is connected to the metal flanges or metal caps of the switch housing on both end faces by a metal / ceramic connection.
  • the length of the ceramic insulator ring should be kept as short as possible.
  • the dielectric strength of such an insulation section is indeed on the vacuum side, i.e. at a vacuum pressure ⁇ 10 mbar, at approx. 40 kV / mm. Outside, i.e. t, ⁇ against the environment, this value drops to approx. 3 kV / mm at atmospheric pressure.
  • a vacuum switch is described with a vacuum vessel containing an insulating element for receiving a fixed contact and a moving contact, which is provided by a coating of a grease compound of a water-repellent material and provided on the outer surface of the insulating element is characterized by an insulating tube made of water-repellent, shrinkable material on the coating made of the fat compound.
  • an insulating tube in particular has the disadvantage of a limited durability of the plastic in aggressive industrial atmospheres, when exposed to UV radiation outdoors and other disruptive influences.
  • moisture can creep under the shrink tube, so that the dielectric strength and leakage current behavior deteriorate.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the voltage resistance and the leakage current behavior of the ceramic in the exterior without having to use insulating sleeves with the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the object is achieved in that the effective insulation distance is increased by a coating of insulating material.
  • a layer is produced for this purpose by thermal spraying, which layer covers both the insulation gap and the adjacent metallic areas of the component.
  • thermal spraying is advantageously used in order to coat a ceramic insulator as an insulation section and associated metallic parts with the insulating material throughout. This can be done on the one hand with a plasma spraying process or on the other hand with a high-speed flame spraying process.
  • a ceramic powder for example A ⁇ O j , is preferably used as the insulation material.
  • the method according to the invention is used in vacuum switches with a metallic switching vessel.
  • a thermally sprayed layer is applied to the metallic parts of the switching vessel beyond the outer insulation gap.
  • Both caps of the switching vessel are advantageously provided with the thermally sprayed layer on the ring area adjoining the insulation section.
  • thermal spraying processes are easy to control, the process according to the invention can be implemented with comparatively little effort.
  • the coating produced by thermal spraying advantageously has only a low and closed porosity to the outside. A weather-proof insulation gap is thus created on the surface of the switching device, which is resistant to high temperatures even with aggressive media.
  • a vacuum switch requires an airtight switching vessel 1, for example with two metallic caps 2 and 3 and an intermediate ring 4 made of ceramic insulation material, for electrically isolated connections.
  • the switching vessel is made vacuum-tight by respective metal / ceramic connections of parts 2 and 3 with part 4.
  • contact bolts 5 and 6 are introduced into the vacuum-tight switching vessel 1, the contact bolt 5 being rigidly connected to the upper metal cap 2 and the contact bolt 6 being designed to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the switching vessel via a bellows 7. 1 contact pieces 8 and 9 sit on the contact pins 5 and 6 within the switching vessel.
  • Vacuum switches of this type are state of the art in a wide variety of designs.
  • the switching capacity is determined not only by the contact stroke within the switching vessel 1 and the structure and material of the contact pieces 8 and 9 itself, but also by the dielectric strength of the outer insulation gap defined by the ceramic ring 4.
  • the height of the ceramic ring 4 should be kept as low as possible.
  • the dielectric strength is therefore proportional to the height of the ceramic ring. It is shown in a known vacuum switch that the dielectric strength, for example on the vacuum side, is approximately 40 kV / mm, while in the outside at atmospheric pressure it is approximately 3 kV / mm. The latter discrepancy can be significantly reduced if the switching vessel 1 is provided with a ceramic coating on the outside. In addition, the leakage current behavior is significantly improved.
  • the ceramic coating is indicated in section by the structure 10.
  • the structure 10 makes sense to provide only the rigid parts that are not to be contacted, ie not the movable contact pin 6, with the coating.
  • the ceramic coating is indicated in section by the structure 10.
  • it makes sense to provide only the rigid parts that are not to be contacted, ie not the movable contact pin 6, with the coating.
  • the ceramic coating is indicated in section by the structure 10.
  • it makes sense to provide only the rigid parts that are not to be contacted, ie not the movable contact pin 6, with the coating.
  • Be ⁇ rich of the metallic parts 2 and 3 to be coated which may be realized by a 'mask technique.
  • thermal spraying processes can be used as coating technology for comparatively thick, firmly adhering layers that can be produced in the shortest possible time.
  • thermal spraying which can be used in particular in the low pressure range from 20 to 100 mbar.
  • the high-speed flame spraying process may also be considered. If the process is carried out in a suitable manner, layers of a predetermined thickness with a low, in particular closed out porosity and good connection to the substrate are formed. When using other coating methods that do not achieve closed porosity, the layer of a given thickness can be sealed in a simple manner, for example by glass, epoxy resin or curable adhesive, either only on the surface or in the impregnation process as a whole. This is important because only in this way is it effectively suppressed crawling under the layer by water or water absorption in the layer, which would otherwise conflict with the desired result with open porosity.
  • a flowable powder made of aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ) was sprayed onto the switching vessel 1 using a plasma torch in the low pressure range at about 60 mbar or in air.
  • the ceramic ring 4 and the cylindrical region of the metallic caps 2 and 3 were provided with a closed layer which adheres well throughout. The result is an increased dielectric strength of the ceramic insulator 4 in the outer space due to the longer creepage distance and in particular also by covering any metal tips that may be present at the metal-ceramic transitions.
  • the switching vessels can also be subjected to the usual heating processes at 250 to 400'C after thermal coating in order to achieve a good final vacuum.
  • the vacuum switches that have been upgraded in this way have improved dielectric strength, which otherwise could only be achieved by using a considerably longer ceramic as an insulation section or by using a profile ceramic.
  • the described method can also be used in other applications in which the voltage resistance and the leakage current behavior of insulation sections are to be improved. This problem is also relevant, in particular in the case of X-ray tubes and / or image intensifiers. In this respect, the invention can also be used independently of vacuum switches.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

Conformément à l'invention, la bande d'isolement efficace peut être accrue par un revêtement en un matériau isolant. Le revêtement est obtenu par projection thermique, notamment par pulvérisation au plasma ou par pulvérisation à la flamme à haute vitesse, procédé dans lequel on peut utiliser, par exemple, de l'oxyde d'aluminium (Al2O3) comme poudre de projection. Dans un interrupteur à vide réalisé suivant ce procédé, comprenant des contacts mobiles opposés l'un à l'autre et logés dans un boîtier formé d'éléments métalliques, et comprenant également une bande d'isolement intérieure entre les contacts ouverts et une bande d'isolement extérieure en céramique entre les éléments métalliques du boîtier, une couche projetée thermiquement (10) est appliquée sur la bande d'isolement extérieure et sur les éléments métalliques (2, 3) du boîtier de l'interrupteur (1).
PCT/DE1991/000728 1990-09-28 1991-09-12 Procede pour accroitre la rigidite dielectrique et pour ameliorer le comportement aux courants de fuite de bandes d'isolement et application de ce procede aux interrupteurs a vide Ceased WO1992006482A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4030806.5 1990-09-28
DE19904030806 DE4030806A1 (de) 1990-09-28 1990-09-28 Verfahren zur erhoehung der spannungsfestigkeit und verbesserung des kriechstromverhaltens von isolationsstrecken und anwendung dieses verfahrens auf vakuumschalter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992006482A1 true WO1992006482A1 (fr) 1992-04-16

Family

ID=6415223

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1991/000728 Ceased WO1992006482A1 (fr) 1990-09-28 1991-09-12 Procede pour accroitre la rigidite dielectrique et pour ameliorer le comportement aux courants de fuite de bandes d'isolement et application de ce procede aux interrupteurs a vide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4030806A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992006482A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2287872C1 (ru) * 2005-06-24 2006-11-20 Российская Федерация в лице Федерального государственного унитарного предприятия "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики им. А.И. Алиханова" Способ снижения паразитных предпробойных токов в вакуумных высоковольтных промежутках
DE102005047046A1 (de) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Bildung von Aminen oder anderer organischer Verbindungen auf Oberflächen von stickstoffisolierten Schaltgeräten und zugehöriges Schaltgerät
DE102009021022A1 (de) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, insbesondere Fehlerstromschutzschalter oder Leitungsschutzschalter
RU2504857C1 (ru) * 2012-05-18 2014-01-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пензенская государственная технологическая академия" Способ тренировки межконтактного зазора вакуумных выключателей высоким напряжением
CN107610850A (zh) * 2017-10-21 2018-01-19 江阴市赛英电子股份有限公司 一种特大功率高压高绝缘性陶瓷管壳

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9314617U1 (de) * 1993-09-23 1993-11-11 Siemens AG, 80333 München Vakuumschaltröhre mit verbesserter äußerer dielektrischer Festigkeit
JPH07114845A (ja) * 1993-10-18 1995-05-02 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 高電圧機器用絶縁支持物
DE29717489U1 (de) * 1997-09-30 1999-01-28 Siemens AG, 80333 München Röhre zur Verwendung im Mittelspannungs- und Hochspannungsbereich
JP4031895B2 (ja) 2000-02-09 2008-01-09 日本特殊陶業株式会社 釉薬層付きセラミック部材を用いた金属−セラミック接合体及びそれを用いた真空スイッチユニット
DE102008031473B3 (de) * 2008-07-02 2010-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0084238A1 (fr) * 1981-12-19 1983-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Interrupteur à vide
EP0187950A1 (fr) * 1984-12-14 1986-07-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à vide
EP0196503A1 (fr) * 1985-03-21 1986-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Boîtier d'interrupteur à vide
DE3829888A1 (de) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-15 Calor Emag Elektrizitaets Ag Vakuum-schaltkammer

Family Cites Families (7)

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US3192312A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-06-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ceramic suspension insulator with an elastomeric boot
DE1490136A1 (de) * 1964-12-14 1969-07-03 Orgreb Vetschau Organisation F Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Fremdschichtbildung an elektrischen Isolatoren
BE757659A (fr) * 1969-10-17 1971-04-16 Raychem Corp Isolants haute tension
SE382715B (sv) * 1973-06-20 1976-02-09 Asea Ab Forfarande for okning av den elektriska overslaghallfastheten hos metalliska elektroder.
US4393286A (en) * 1978-08-24 1983-07-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum circuit breakers
DE2838358A1 (de) * 1978-09-02 1980-03-20 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur vergroesserung der spannungsfestigkeit von isolatoren
JPS5866213A (ja) * 1981-10-15 1983-04-20 株式会社東芝 絶緑体

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0084238A1 (fr) * 1981-12-19 1983-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Interrupteur à vide
EP0187950A1 (fr) * 1984-12-14 1986-07-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à vide
EP0196503A1 (fr) * 1985-03-21 1986-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Boîtier d'interrupteur à vide
DE3829888A1 (de) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-15 Calor Emag Elektrizitaets Ag Vakuum-schaltkammer

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2287872C1 (ru) * 2005-06-24 2006-11-20 Российская Федерация в лице Федерального государственного унитарного предприятия "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики им. А.И. Алиханова" Способ снижения паразитных предпробойных токов в вакуумных высоковольтных промежутках
DE102005047046A1 (de) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Bildung von Aminen oder anderer organischer Verbindungen auf Oberflächen von stickstoffisolierten Schaltgeräten und zugehöriges Schaltgerät
DE102005047046B4 (de) * 2005-09-30 2007-09-13 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Bildung von Aminen oder anderer organischer Verbindungen auf Oberflächen von stickstoffisolierten Schaltgeräten und zugehöriges Schaltgerät
DE102009021022A1 (de) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, insbesondere Fehlerstromschutzschalter oder Leitungsschutzschalter
RU2504857C1 (ru) * 2012-05-18 2014-01-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пензенская государственная технологическая академия" Способ тренировки межконтактного зазора вакуумных выключателей высоким напряжением
CN107610850A (zh) * 2017-10-21 2018-01-19 江阴市赛英电子股份有限公司 一种特大功率高压高绝缘性陶瓷管壳

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Publication number Publication date
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