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EP4070352A1 - Commutateur à vide - Google Patents

Commutateur à vide

Info

Publication number
EP4070352A1
EP4070352A1 EP20839050.0A EP20839050A EP4070352A1 EP 4070352 A1 EP4070352 A1 EP 4070352A1 EP 20839050 A EP20839050 A EP 20839050A EP 4070352 A1 EP4070352 A1 EP 4070352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support element
vacuum
vacuum switch
base
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20839050.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4070352C0 (fr
EP4070352B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Heinz
Henry JENICHEN
Thomas Krull
Volker Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4070352A1 publication Critical patent/EP4070352A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4070352C0 publication Critical patent/EP4070352C0/fr
Publication of EP4070352B1 publication Critical patent/EP4070352B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum switch with two base elements spaced from one another and a vacuum interrupter arranged between the base elements.
  • Such vacuum switches are circuit breakers in which switching contact elements movable relative to one another are arranged in the vacuum interrupter in order to avoid or reduce a switching arc when the switching contact elements are separated.
  • the vacuum interrupter is arranged within an electrically isolating housing in an insulating gas, which is compressed to increase its dielectric strength by a high pressure in order to be able to arrange metallic components in the housing at a smaller distance from each other and thereby save space .
  • Such vacuum switches are relatively complex and expensive due to the pressurized insulating gas and also not functional in the event of a pressure drop.
  • the vacuum interrupter is alternatively or additionally coated with a plastic that replaces or supplements the dielectric function of the insulating gas. In this design, however, forces, in particular forces due to temperature changes, are transferred from the plastic to the housing of the vacuum interrupter, so that this design is only suitable for relatively small vacuum interrupter, where the forces are so low that they do not affect the vacuum interrupter to damage.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a vacuum scarf ter which is improved in particular with regard to its func- tional safety and the reduction of forces acting on the vacuum interrupter.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a vacuum switch having the features of claim 1.
  • a vacuum switch comprises two spaced apart base elements, a vacuum interrupter arranged between the Sockelelemen th and a mechanically rigid support element which is made of an insulating material.
  • the support element is connected to both base elements, surrounds the vacuum interrupter in a tube-like manner and without contact, and has several recesses. Furthermore, the support element is surrounded by an electrically non-conductive elastomer which fills the recesses in the support element and a space between the support element and the vacuum interrupter.
  • the invention combines a mechanically rigid support element of the vacuum switch with an electrically non-conductive elastomer that surrounds the support element.
  • the support element gives the vacuum switch mechanical strength by connecting the base elements of the vacuum switch to one another. Furthermore, the support element contributes to the dielectric strength, which is achieved in other types of vacuum switch by a pressurized insulating gas and / or a plastic encasing the vacuum interrupter. Because the support element surrounds the vacuum interrupter without contact and is only connected to the vacuum interrupter via the elastomer, almost no forces are transmitted from the support element to the vacuum interrupter. Changes in temperature lead to changes in the volume of the elastomer.
  • the invention thus realizes an insulating gas-free vacuum switch in which hardly any forces of a supporting structure are transferred to the vacuum interrupter and which is therefore also suitable for large vacuum interrupter.
  • the insulating gas-free design means that there are no components for gas monitoring, pressure sealing systems and pressure vessel parts.
  • a vacuum switch according to the invention can also be designed in a simple manner by a corresponding design in particular of the Tragele element for various requirements, for example, to realize certain screen geometries, creepage distances, thicknesses and / or throw distances.
  • At least one base element has a fastening flange which is connected to the support element. This enables a simple and useful connection of the support element with a Sockelele element.
  • the support element is connected to the base elements by screw connections and / or adhesive connections.
  • Screw connections can be implemented, for example, by threaded bushings introduced into the support element and enable a detachable connection between the support element and the base elements.
  • the vacuum interrupter is connected to a first base element and a movable switching contact element of the vacuum interrupter protrudes into the second base element.
  • the first Sockelele element thus carries the vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum interrupter can be arranged on the first base element via a fixed (non-movable) switch contact element which has an end out of the vacuum interrupter which is connected to the first base element.
  • components of a mechanism for moving the movable switch contact element can be arranged for example.
  • the first base element has a screen area which surrounds an end area of the vacuum interrupter facing the first base element like an umbrella, and a hollow cylinder area or a bolt-like solid cylinder area adjoining the screen area away from the vacuum interrupter.
  • the second base element is designed essentially as a hollow cylinder into which an end region of the vacuum interrupter facing the second base element protrudes. The base elements can thereby contribute to the shielding of electrical fields at the end areas of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum switch has an outer surface formed by the elastomer and running around the support element.
  • the outer surface formed by the elastomer can have a plurality of umbrella-like surface areas running concentrically around the support element.
  • the elastomer is also advantageously used to form the outer surface of the vacuum switch, in particular to form insulating screens to extend creepage paths for creepage currents along the outer surface of the vacuum switch.
  • the elastomer is a silicone elastomer. Silicone elastomers are UV-resistant and are therefore particularly suitable for forming an outer surface of the vacuum switch.
  • the support element is made of a plastic or a fiber-plastic composite or a ceramic material.
  • Kunststoffstof fe and fiber-plastic composites are preferred materials for the manufacture of the support element, since with them a support element with a suitable shape and with the required mechanical and dielectric properties can be produced relatively easily.
  • Ceramic material can also be used is, however, relatively brittle and heavy and therefore usually less preferred.
  • At least one recess in the support element has an oval shape.
  • Oval shapes also include shapes that have straight edges in sections, for example a "racetrack shape”. Recesses with oval shapes avoid dielectrically unfavorable corners of the recesses and enable a suitable compromise between mechanical and dielectric strength of the support element.
  • At least one recess in a support element is formed by a recess in a base body of the support element, in which at least one filler body of the support element is arranged, which is connected to the base body by an elastic web.
  • the elasticity of the web enables the filler body to be movable with respect to the base body.
  • the filler body embedded in the elastomer can move relative to the base body when the volume of the elastomer changes, in particular as a function of temperature.
  • the elastomer can "breathe" through the recess in the base body.
  • the filler body saves on elastomer, which means that the manufacturing costs for the vacuum switch can be reduced, since the material from which the support elements are made is usually cheaper than the elastomer.
  • the support element has a grid-like structure.
  • a support element with a grid-like structure is understood here to mean a support element whose recesses are distributed relatively evenly. This enables a uniform load on the support element without load-critical areas and a uniform derivation of volume changes of the elastomer through the recesses.
  • the support element has an essentially constant wall thickness. As a result, load-critical areas of the support element with very small wall thicknesses and a varying dielectric strength of the support element are advantageously avoided. Be rich of the support element that are exposed to particularly strong local loads, can of course have greater wall thicknesses than the other areas.
  • the support element is shaped in such a way that the vacuum interrupter can be pushed into the support element. This enables the vacuum switch to be installed in which the vacuum interrupter is pushed into the support element or the support element is pushed over the vacuum interrupter.
  • the support element is mounted around the vacuum interrupter and connected to the base elements and then encapsulated with the elastomer in a mold.
  • the elastomer can be applied in a simple manner after pre-assembly of the other components of the vacuum switch in a mold into which the pre-assembled vacuum switch is introduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a firstmittedsbei game of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 2 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 1 in a pre-assembled state without elastomer
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment example of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment example of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a fifth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a sixth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
  • FIG. 9 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 8 in a pre-assembled state without elastomer.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • the vacuum switch 1 comprises two spaced Sockelele elements 3, 5, a between the base elements 3, 5 te vacuum interrupter 7 and a mechanically rigid Tragele element 9, the is connected to both base elements 3, 5.
  • the support element 9 surrounds the vacuum interrupter 7 in the manner of a tube and without contact, is made of an insulating material and has a plurality of recesses 11.
  • the support element 9 is surrounded by an electrically non-conductive elastomer 13, which the recesses 11 in the support element 9, the spaces between see the support element 9 and the vacuum interrupter 7 and between tween the support element 9 and the base elements 3, 5 fills and forms an outer surface 15 of the vacuum switch 1 which extends around the support element 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG. 1 in a preassembled state without the elastomer 13.
  • the vacuum interrupter 7 has a metallic Mittelbe rich 17, two metallic end regions 19, 21 and two Isola tion areas 23, 25 on.
  • the central region 17 has a larger diameter than the end regions 19, 21 and the isolation areas 23, 25 and is rich between the Isolationsbe 23, 25 arranged.
  • the insulation areas 23, 25 are each made of an electrically non-conductive material gefer taken.
  • a first end region 19 protrudes into the first Sockelele element 3 and connects to a first Isolationsbe rich 23 on.
  • the second end area 21 protrudes into the second base element 5 and adjoins the second insulation area 23.
  • Two electrically conductive switching contact elements 27, 29 are arranged in the vacuum interrupter 7.
  • a first switching contact element 27 is firmly connected to the first end region 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7.
  • One end of the first switching contact element 27 led out of the vacuum interrupter 7 is connected to the first base element 3, for example by a screw connection (not shown).
  • the vacuum interrupter 7 is thereby connected to the first base element 3.
  • the second switch contact element 29 is by a mechanism not shown relative to the first switch contact element 27 between a first switch position in which the switch contact elements 27, 29 touch, and a second switch position shown in Figure 1, in which the switch contact elements 27, 29 are spaced from each other are movable.
  • One end of the second switch contact element 29 is led out of the vacuum interrupter 7 through an opening in the second end region 21.
  • the base elements 3, 5 are each made of a metal, for example aluminum, or an alloy.
  • Each base element 3, 5 is essentially designed as a hollow cylinder, with one end of the first base element 3 facing the vacuum interrupter 7 being designed as a screen area 31 which closes the hollow cylinder area 39 on the vacuum interrupter side and the first end area 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7 surrounds like an umbrella.
  • On the Schirmbe rich 31 is the middle from the vacuum interrupter 7 led out end of the first switch contact element 27 is arranged.
  • each base element 3, 5 has an outwardly protruding fastening flange 33, 35, which forms an end of the base element 3, 5 facing away from the vacuum interrupter 7 and is connected to one end of the support element 9, for example by (not shown) screw connections and / or an adhesive connection.
  • the support element 9 connects the two base elements 3, 5 with one another and surrounds the vacuum interrupter 7 and the base elements 3, 5 up to their fastening flanges 33, 35.
  • the support element 9 is in the form of a hollow cylinder, the cylinder wall of which has the recesses 11.
  • a central section of the support element 9 surrounding the vacuum interrupter 7 has a plurality of recesses 11, which each extend essentially along an entire longitudinal extension of the vacuum interrupter 7, whereby the longitudinal extension is understood to mean the extent of the vacuum interrupter 7 between its end regions 19, 21 will.
  • each end section of the support element 9 also has a plurality of recesses 11 in the region of a base element 3, 5 in each case.
  • Each recess 11 has two edges running parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch 1, which are connected to one another by curved edges, so that the recess 11 has an oval shape ("racetrack shape") composed of the straight and curved edges the carrying element ment 9 has a grid-like structure.
  • the support element 9 is made, for example, of a plastic, a fiber-plastic composite or a ceramic material.
  • the elastomer 13 is, for example, a silicone elastomer.
  • the Tragele element 9 is first mounted around the vacuum interrupter 7 and connected to the base elements 3, 5.
  • the support element 9 is pushed over the vacuum interrupter 7 and the first base element 3 and connected to the fastening flange 33 of the first base element 3 and then the second base element 5 is pushed into the support element 9 and the fastening flange 35 of the second base element 5 is connected to the Support element 9 connected.
  • the support element 9 can analogously first be connected to the second base element 5 and then to the first base element 3.
  • Figure 2 shows the pre-assembled vacuum switch 1.
  • the pre-assembled vacuum switch 1 is encapsulated in a mold with the elastomer 13, the recesses 11 in the support element 9 and the spaces between the support element 9 and the vacuum interrupter 7 and between the support element 9 and the base elements 3, 5 are filled with the elastomer 13 and the outer surface 15 of the vacuum scarf age 1 is formed.
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This Ausry approximately differs from the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 only in that the outer surface 15 formed by the elastomer 13 several umbrella-like, concentric around the Has surface regions 37 running around support element 9.
  • the creepage distances for creepage currents along the outer surface 15 are advantageously extended.
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This Ausry- Example differs from the second embodiment shown in Figure 3 on the one hand in that the fastening flange 33 of the first base element 3 is arranged in the vicinity of the first end region 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7 and the fastening flange 35 of the second base element 5 in the vicinity of the second End region 21 of the vacuum interrupter 7 is arranged.
  • the support element 9 thus extends essentially only around the vacuum interrupter 7.
  • a first section of the support element 9 running around the first insulation region 23 has a smaller diameter than a second section running around the second insulation region 25 and an adjacent section of the central region 17.
  • the support element 9 expands from the first section to the second section, so that the support element 9 can only be pushed over the vacuum interrupter 7 in the direction from the first end region 19 to the second end region 21.
  • the outer surface 15 of the vacuum switch 1 formed by the elastomer 13 around the support element 9 also expands accordingly.
  • the support element 9 also has recesses 11 in the first section and in the second section. Compared to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2, the support element 9 is thus shorter and its first section has a smaller distance from the vacuum switch tube 7, whereby material, in particular expensive elastomer material, can be saved and thus the material costs for the vacuum switch 1 reduced can be.
  • Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This Aussten approximately example differs from the third embodiment shown in Figure 4 by the design of the first base element 3.
  • Away from the vacuum interrupter 7 closes on the screen area 31 of the first base element 3 does not have a hollow cylinder area 39 but a bolt-like full cylinder area 41 which has a smaller diameter than the screen area 31.
  • the full cylinder area 41 can include at least one screw that is sen area runs in order to fasten the first switch contact element 27 to the first base element 3.
  • the first base element 3 can have a base body through which at least one screw is guided into the first switch contact element 27 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the base body in the solid cylinder area 41 is not designed as a solid solid cylinder, but has at least one bore for a screw. However, together with the at least one screw, the base body then essentially forms a full cylinder in the full cylinder area 41.
  • the first switching contact element 27 can, however, also be connected to the first base element 3 in some other way, for example by welding or shrinking.
  • the solid cylinder area 41 can be designed as a solid one-piece solid cylinder. Compared to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the smaller diameter of the first base element 3 in the full cylinder area 41 saves material for the first base element 3 and for the elastomer 13 and the weight of the vacuum switch 1 is reduced.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that the shield area 31 of the first base element 3 protrudes obliquely from the solid cylinder area 41 to the vacuum interrupter 7 and one the Vollzy cylinder area 41 on the vacuum interrupter side extending central area 43 on which the led out of the vacuum interrupter 7 end of the first switching contact element 27 is arranged.
  • the solid cylinder area 41 can include at least one screw that runs through this area in order to fasten the first switch contact element 27 to the first base element 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • the support element 9 extends as far as the ends of both base elements 3, 5 on the vacuum interrupter compared to the third adoptedsbei shown in Figure 4 game material for the first base element 3 and for the elastomer 13 is saved and the weight of the vacuum switch 1 is reduced.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 only in that the second base element 5 is shorter than the first base element 3 and the vacuum tube 7 is not in the middle in the vacuum switch 1 is arranged.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show a seventh exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 essentially only in the design of the recesses 11 in the support elements 9.
  • Each recess 11 in a support element 9 is formed by an oval recess 11.1 in a base body 9.6 of the support element 9, in which at least one filler body 9.7 of the support element 9 is arranged, which is connected to the base body 9.6 by a web 9.8.
  • Each web 9.8 is narrow and thus made elastic, so that the filler 9.7, which is connected to the base body 9.6, can be moved relative to the base body 9.6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional representation of the vacuum switch 1.
  • FIG. 9 shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG. 8 in a pre-assembled state without the elastomer 13.

Landscapes

  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur à vide (1). Le commutateur à vide (1) comprend deux éléments de base espacés (3, 5), un interrupteur à vide (7) disposé entre les éléments de base (3, 5) et un élément de support (9) mécaniquement rigide, qui est produit à partir d'un matériau isolant. L'élément de support (9) est relié aux deux éléments de base (3, 5), entoure l'interrupteur à vide (7) comme un tube et sans contact, et présente de multiples évidements (11). L'élément de support (9) est également entouré d'un élastomère non électroconducteur (13), qui remplit les évidements (11) dans l'élément de support (9) et remplit un espace intermédiaire entre l'élément de support (9) et l'interrupteur à vide (7).
EP20839050.0A 2020-01-22 2020-12-22 Commutateur à vide Active EP4070352B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020200753.5A DE102020200753A1 (de) 2020-01-22 2020-01-22 Vakuumschalter
PCT/EP2020/087622 WO2021148218A1 (fr) 2020-01-22 2020-12-22 Commutateur à vide

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4070352A1 true EP4070352A1 (fr) 2022-10-12
EP4070352C0 EP4070352C0 (fr) 2025-04-09
EP4070352B1 EP4070352B1 (fr) 2025-04-09

Family

ID=74175830

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20839050.0A Active EP4070352B1 (fr) 2020-01-22 2020-12-22 Commutateur à vide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4070352B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114981910A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020200753A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021148218A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023207758A1 (de) * 2023-08-11 2025-02-13 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Anordnung zum Schalten von Spannungen mit Träger für Steuerelemente

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8709706U1 (de) 1987-05-27 1987-09-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vakuumschaltröhre mit einer Kapselung
DE10305169B4 (de) * 2003-01-31 2005-01-27 Siemens Ag Anordnung mit einer Vakuumschaltröhre
FR2925755B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2012-08-03 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Isolation d'un dispositif de coupure de type ampoule a vide par surmoulage
CN201796808U (zh) * 2010-06-24 2011-04-13 无锡市锡山湖光电器有限公司 真空灭弧室外绝缘密封装置
DE102010033259A1 (de) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltkammer
DE102011006013B3 (de) * 2011-03-24 2012-08-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre und Schalterpol
DE102016218316A1 (de) 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschalter
CN206163401U (zh) * 2016-11-15 2017-05-10 上海雷博司电气股份有限公司 一种用于户外柱上开关的固封极柱
EP3376516B1 (fr) * 2017-03-17 2019-09-18 Sécheron SA Interrupteur sous vide
DE102020200738A1 (de) * 2020-01-22 2021-07-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114981910A (zh) 2022-08-30
WO2021148218A1 (fr) 2021-07-29
EP4070352C0 (fr) 2025-04-09
EP4070352B1 (fr) 2025-04-09
DE102020200753A1 (de) 2021-07-22

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