TWI311085B - Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same - Google Patents
Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI311085B TWI311085B TW95129712A TW95129712A TWI311085B TW I311085 B TWI311085 B TW I311085B TW 95129712 A TW95129712 A TW 95129712A TW 95129712 A TW95129712 A TW 95129712A TW I311085 B TWI311085 B TW I311085B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- insert
- grade
- powder
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 150
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 giant Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000746 body region Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWDJIKFUVRYBJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanthoate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)SCC(=O)NC(C)(C)C#N TWDJIKFUVRYBJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001137222 Goodeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFUGMBIZUXZOAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Nb] GFUGMBIZUXZOAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037368 penetrate the skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical group [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
- B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
- B30B15/304—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
- B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
- B30B15/304—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds
- B30B15/306—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds for multi-layer articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12812—Diverse refractory group metal-base components: alternative to or next to each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24983—Hardness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
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Description
1311085 ' 九、發明說明: 【本發明技術領域及工業適甩性j
本發明標的大體爲各種製成具有包括相異特性或性質 之複合構造之合構物件譬如刀胚、切削嵌件、鏟鑽嵌彳牛、 及圓尖式端銑刀之方法。本發明之方法適甩於刀具生產方 面之一般應用’且可應用於例如材料移除作業譬如車削、 銳削、切螺紋'起槽、鑽孔、絞孔、鑽錐坑'鑽柱坑、及 %銳中所用膠結碳化物旋轉刀具之生產。本發明之切削嵌 件可由二種類似但不同等級之膠結碳化物材料製成。 【發明背景】 供金屬機製用之切削嵌件因彼等栢較於其他刀具材料 譬如陶瓷即不銹鋼之誘人組合機械性質譬如抗拉強度、初 性、及耐磨耗性’故通常係由複合材料製作。習用由複合 材料譬如膠結碳化物製成之切削嵌件係以a單石構造〃爲 基礎r亦即由單一等級之膠結碳化物製成。.以此方式,習 用單石切削刀具在該刀具通體之所有位點均具有栢同之機 械及化學性質。 膠結碳化物材料包含至少二相位:至少一硬質陶瓷成 分及一較軟之金屬黏結劑基質。該硬質陶瓷成分可例如爲 任何碳化物形成用元素譬如鈦、鉻、釩、锆、給、鉬、鉬、 鎢、及鈮等之碳化物。一常見實例爲碳化鎢。該黏結劑可 爲金屬或金屬合金,典型爲鈷、鎳、鐵或此等金屬之合金。 該黏結劑將該陶瓷成分 '' 膠結〃於一成三度空間互連之基 質內。膠結碳化物可藉由將一由至少一粉狀陶瓷成分及至 少一粉狀黏結劑所成金屬粉末壓實予以製成。 '1311085 膠結碳化物材料之物理及化學性質部分取決於生產該 材料所用冶金粉末之個別成分。該等膠結碳化物材料之性 質係由例如該陶瓷成分之化學組成、該陶瓷成分之粒徑、 該黏結劑之化學組成、以及黏結劑對陶瓷成分之比率所決 定。改變該冶金粉未之成分可生產具有配合特定應用之獨 特性質之刀具’譬如嵌件(包括可分度之嵌件)、鑽頭及端 銑刀。
在機製現時新式金屬材料之應用上,常希欲富含型碳 化物材料等級以達致所需品質及生產力要求。然而,由使 用較高膠結碳化物等級之單石碳化物構造製作之切削嵌件 製作費昂貴’主要因高材料成本所致。此外,難以將習用 包含單一碳化物材料等級之可分度單石切削嵌件最佳化俾 符合該嵌件內各位點之不同要求。 由二或更多不同碳化物材料或等級製成之合構旋轉刀 具論述於美國專利6,511,2 65號中。此際,合構碳化物切 削嵌件較旋轉切削刀具更難以製造。首者,切削嵌件之尺 寸典型爲遠小於旋轉切削刀具;次者,現時切削嵌件之幾 何形狀尤其刀刃及切角破碎器構形具複雜本質;且三者, 需要較高之尺寸準確度及較佳之表面品質。使用切削嵌件 時’成品係藉由將生成物壓榨及膠結予以生產且不包括後 序硏磨作業。 1983年頒發之美國專利4, 389,952號提呈一種製成合 構膠結碳化物刀具之新穎想法,係先製出含有碳化物粉及 液態載體所成混合物之漿液,然後經由塗刷或噴灑對另一 7 1311085
不同碳化物之生壓胚產生該混合物之一膜層。此一合構碳 化物刀具在核心區域與該表面膜層間有不同之機械性質。 此種方法所主張之應用包括鑽岩刀具、採礦刀具、及金屬 機製甩之可分度切削嵌件。然而,該以漿液爲基礎之方法 僅適用於不具有切角破碎器幾何形狀或者切角破碎器幾何 形狀極爲簡單之可分度切削嵌件。此乃因厚重之槳液膜層 將明顯改變該切角破碎器幾何形狀,尤其廣泛使用之可分 度切削嵌件具有符合對於機製各種工作材料不斷增加之要 求所需之複雜切角破碎器幾何形狀。此外’該以漿液爲基 礎之方法涉及製造作業及生產設備之可觀增加。 對於應用在旋轉刀具上之切削嵌件,中央區域之主要 功能爲初始時將工件穿透並在洞孔形成畤移除大都分之材 料,而該切削嵌件周邊區域之主要目的爲放大及完成該洞 孔。在切削程序期間,切削速率自該嵌件之中央區域到該 嵌件之外周邊區域顯著改變。嵌件內部區域、中間區域、 及周邊區域之切削速率均相異,故而經驗不同之應力及磨 耗形式。顯然,各切削速率均隨離開該刀具旋轉軸之距離 之加大而增高。因此,包含單石構造之旋轉切削刀具內之 嵌件在其性能及應用範圍上先天受到限制。 具有單石構造之鑽孔嵌件及其他旋轉刀具因此將不在 該刀具刀面中央到外側緣範圍內之不同點經歷均勻之磨耗 及/或缺損及裂開。又,鑽挖經表面硬化之材料時,該鏊 緣典型爲用以穿透表皮,而鑽體其餘部分則自該經表面硬 化材料之較軟心部將材料移除。因此,該應用上所用習用 1311085
單石構造鑽孔嵌件之鏊緣將以遠快於刀刃其餘部分之速率 磨耗’造成較短之使用壽命。在二者情況下,由於習用膠 結碳化物鑽孔嵌件之單石構造,故頻繁之刀具更換造成使 甩中工具機之超量停工時間P 有需要開發各種隨意包含新式切角破碎器幾何形狀之 供金屬機製應用之切削嵌件以及形成此等嵌件之方法。 【本發明綜述】
本發明之各具體形式包括一種生產合構物件之方法, 包含自一進料屐將一第一粉狀金屬等級引進模子內一空腔 之第一部分,以及自該進料屐將一第二粉狀金屬等級引進 該空腔之第二部分,其中該第一粉狀金屬等級之化學組成 或粒徑異於該第二粉狀金屬等級。該第一粉狀金屬及該第 二粉狀金屬可予壓實以形成粉壓胚。在各種具體形式中, 該等金屬粉係直接饋入該模子空腔內。又,在眾多具體形 式中,本發明之方法容許大致同時將該二或更多金屬粉引 進該模子空腔或其他模腔內。 該生產合構物件之方法之一進一步具體形式包含自一 第一進料屐將一第一粉狀金屬等級引進模子內一空腔之第 一部分,並自一第二進料屐將一第二粉狀金屬等級引進該 空腔之第二部分,其中該第一粉狀金屬等級至少有一特性 異於該第二粉狀金屬等級。 本發明之其他具體形式包含供材料移除作業用之合構 嵌件。該等合構嵌件可包含一第一區域及一第二區域’其 中該第一區域包含一第一複合材料而該第二區域包含一第 9 1311085
二複合材料’且該第一複合材料至少有一特性異於該第二 複合材料。更明確言之,所提供爲包含—中央區域及一周 邊區域之模組式旋轉刀具用合構嵌件,其中該中央區域包 含一第一複合村料而該周邊區域包含一第二複合材料,且 該第一複合材料至少有一特性異於該第二複合材料。中央 區域可泛指一大體包括該嵌件中央之區域,或就合構旋轉 刀具而言’該中央區域包含具有最低切削速率之刀刃,典 型爲最接近旋轉軸之刀刃。周邊區域包含該嵌件周邊之至 少一部分’或就合構旋轉刀具而言,該周邊區域包含包含 具有最高切削速率之刀刃,典型爲包括一離開旋轉軸較遠 之刀刃。應注意’該中央區域亦可包含該嵌件周邊之一部 分。 除非另予指示,在所有情況下均應了解,本說明書及 申請專利範圍中所用所有表示成分、時間、溫度等等之量 之數字係以”約〃字予以修飾。因此,除予栢反指示外, 以下說明書及申請專利範圍中列示之數字參數均爲近似 値,可依隨所尋求以本發明獲得之所需性質而改變。最起 碼,而且無意限制等量學理之應用於申請專利範圍之範 疇,各數字參數均至少應按照所報告之有效數字及藉由普 通捨入法之運用加以解讀。 儘管說明本發明槪括範疇之數字範圍及參數如上述爲 近似値,特定實例中列示之數値則儘可能予以精確報告。 然而,任何數値均可能先天含有某些必然由彼等個別之測 試測値中所發現標準偏差造成之誤差。 10 1311085 閱讀者將在斟酌下文中本發明各具體形式之詳述時認 知本發明之前述以及其他細節及優點。閱讀者亦可在製作 及/或便用本發明內之各具體形式時領會本發明之此等額 外細節及優點。 【簡要圖說】 圖la至Id描繪本發明之一包含三個複合材料區域之 正方形可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖2a至2d描繪本發明之一包含二個複合材料區域之 正方形可分度切削嵌件具體形式;. 圖3 a至3d描繪本發明之一包含三値複合彳才料區域之 菱形可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖4 a至4d描繪本發明之一包含二個複合材料區域之 ' 正方形可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖5 a至5 d插繪本發明之一包含四個複合材料區域之 菱形可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖6描繪本發明之一包含三個複合材料區域之可分度 切削嵌件具體形式; 圖7描繪本發明之一包含二個複合材料區域之圓形可 分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖8描繪本發明之一包含一個複合材料區域之圓形可 分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖9描繪本發明之一包含一個複合材料區域.之一·體成 形可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖10a及10b描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 11 1511085 圖1 ί a及i ί b描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖12a及12b描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖13a及13b描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖L4a至L4d描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖Π a至1 5 d描繪本發明方法之一具體形式Γ 圖16a至16d描繪本發明方法之一具體形式;
圖17a至17d描繪一用於本發明各方法具體形式之進 料屐具體形式; 圖1 8.a至1 84描繪一用於本發明一方法具體形式之配 備以齒條及小齒輪之進料屐具體形式; 圖19描繪本發明之一包含三個複合材料區域之菱形 可分度切削嵌件具體形式; 圖20描繪本發明方法之一具體形式,其中圖18a至 18d之進料屐予用以生產圖之菱形可分度切削嵌件; 圖21描繪本發明圖20之方法具體形式,其中粉狀金 屬予引進該模子內; 圖22a至22d描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖23 a至23d描繪本發明方法之一具體形式; 圖24a至24c描繪本發明之一圚尖嵌件具體形式,及 本發明之一在刀具夾持具內之圓尖嵌件具體形式; 圖25a及25b描繪本發明之一鏟鑽嵌件具體形式,及 本發明之一在刀具夾持具內之鏟鑽嵌件具體形式; 圖26a及26b描繪本發明之一圓尖嵌件具體形式; 圖27a及27b描繪本發明之一鏟鑽嵌件具體形式; 12 1311085 圖2 8a及28b描繪本發明之一切削嵌件具體形式; 圖29a及29b描繪本發明之一包含二個複合材料區域 之鏟鑽嵌件具體形式; 匾30’a至3 0c描繪本發明之一包含二個複合衬料區域 之圚形切削嵌件具體形式; 圖31a及31b描繪本發明之一包含二個複合材料區域 之圓形切削嵌件具體形式;
圖32a及32 b描繪本發明可用以生產圖30a至30c或 圖31a及:Mb之圚形可分度切削嵌件之方法具體形式; 圖33a及33b描繪一可用於圖32a及32b之方法之齒 輪具體形式;而 圖3 4a及3 4b描繪本發明方法之一具體形式,其中圖 33a.及33b之齒輪予用.於圖31a及31b之方法。 【本發明說明} 本發明提供各種合構物件譬如切削嵌件、旋轉切削嵌 件、鑽孔嵌件、銑削嵌件、鏟鑽、鏟鑽嵌件、圓尖嵌件, 以及此等合構物件之製法。該等合構物件尤其合構嵌件, 尙可包含在頂部或底部表面上或者在頂部及底部二者表面 上之切角形成用幾何形狀。該合構物件之切角形成用幾何 形狀可爲複雜之切角形成用幾何形狀。複雜之切角形成用 幾何形狀可爲任何具有刀具斜面上各種構形譬如結節、凸 起、隆脊、凹槽、浮島、背壁、或此等徵貌之組合之幾何 形狀。 本案中所甩π合構物件〃或"合構嵌件"係指一具有 -1311085
枏異物理性霣'化學性質、化學組成及/或顯微結構之個 別區域之物件或嵌件。此等區域不包括僅爲敷加於物件或 嵌件上之塗面。此等差異造成各區域在至少一特性方面相 異。各區域之特性可爲例如硬度、抗拉強度、耐磨耗性、 破裂韌性、彈性模數、抗腐飩性、熱膨脹係數、以及熱傳 導係數中之至少一項。本案中所用 ''複合材料〃乃一爲由 二或更多相位(例如在譬如膠結碳化物之黏結劑內之陶瓷 成分)所成複合體之材料。可如本發明所提供予以構作之 合構嵌件包括例如材料之車削 '切削、插削、銑削、鑽孔、 絞孔、鑽錐坑、鑽柱坑、端銑、及攻螺絲用嵌件。 本發明更明確爲提供一具有至少一刀刃及至少二個在 至少一特性方面相異之複合材料區域之合構物件或合構嵌 ί半。該等合構嵌件可進一步爲可分度及/或包含切角形成 甩幾何形狀。該等枏異特性可藉改變該二膠結碳化物材料 區域內化學組成及/或顯微結構中至少一項予以提供。一 區域之化學組成爲例如該區域之陶瓷成分及/或黏結劑之 化學組成以及該區域之碳化物對黏結劑比率之函數。舉例 言之,旋轉刀具之二個膠結碳化物材料區域中之一可較該 二區域中另一個呈現較大之耐磨耗性、提升之硬度、及/ 或較大之彈性模數。 本發明之各具體形式包括一種生產合構物件之方法, 包含自一進料屐將一第一粉狀金屬等級引進模子內一空腔 之第一部分,以及自該進料屐將一第二粉狀金屬等級引進 該空腔之第二部分,其中該第一粉狀金屬等級至少有一特 14 1311085 性異於該第二粉狀金屬等級。然後,可將該粉狀金屬等級
壓實以形成粉壓胚。該等粉狀金屬等級可各自包含硬粒子 (譬如陶瓷成分)及黏結劑材料。該等硬粒子可獨立包含 碳化物、氮化物、硼化物、矽化物、氧化物、及其等之固 熔體中至少一種。該黏結劑可包含至少一由鈷、鎳、鐵、 及其等之合金中選出之金屬。該黏結劑亦可含有例如鎢、 鉻'鈦、鉬'釩、鉬、鈮'锆'給、釕、鈀、以及碳等元 素’而高達此等元素在該黏結劑內之溶解度限値。此外, 該黏結劑可含有高達5重量%.之譬如銅、錳 '銀、鋁、及 釕之元素。業界熟練人士將認知,任一或所有該膠結硬粒 子材料之成分可以元素形式、化合物、及/或母合金予引 進。在各種具體形式中’該等金屬粉係直接饋入該模子空 腔內。各種進一步之具體形式可包括自該進料屐將一第三 粉狀金屬等級引進該空腔。 將該粉壓胚燒結將形成一合構物件,具有一包含一第 一複合材料之第一區域及一包含一第二複合材料之第二區 域,其中該第一複合材料與該第二複合材料至少有一特性 相異。該等區域之相異特性可爲由組成分、晶粒尺寸、彈 性模數、硬度、耐磨耗性、破裂韌性、抗拉強度、抗腐蝕 性、熱膨脹係數、以及熱傳導係數所構成群組中之至少一 項。 該第一及第二複合材料可各自包含在黏結劑中之硬粒 子’其中該等硬粒子獨立包含碳化物、氮化物 '硼化物、 砍化物、氧化物、及其等之固溶體中至少一種,而該黏結 •Ϊ311085
劑材料包含至少一由鈷、鎳、鐵、及其等之合金中選出之 金屬。在某些具體形式串,該等硬粒子可各自爲一金屬碳 化物。該金屬碳化物中之金屬可由任何碳化物形成用元素 譬如鈦、鉻、釩、錯、飴、鉬、鉅、鎢、及鈮中選出。該 第一複合材料之金屬碳化物在化學組成及平均晶粒尺寸中 至少一項上異於該第二複合材料之金屬碳化物。該第一粉 狀金屬等級之黏結劑材料及該第二粉狀金屬等級之黏結劑 可各自包含至少一由鈷'鈷合金、鎳、鎳合金、鐵、及鐵 合金所構成群組中選出之金屬。該第一粉狀金屬等級及該 第二粉狀金屬等級可各自包含爲該粉狀金屬2至40重量% 之該黏結劑及60至98重量%之該金屬碳化物。該第一粉 狀金屬等級之黏結劑與該第二粉狀金屬等級之黏結劑可在 化學組成、該黏結劑在該粉狀金屬等級內重量百分比、或 二者之上相異。在一些具體形式中,該第一粉狀金屬等級 及該第二粉狀金屬等級中之一較該第一粉狀金屬等級及該 第二粉狀金屬等級中之另一多包括1至10重量%之該黏結 劑。 該切削嵌件之各具體形式亦包括混成膠結碳化物,譬 如但不限於待決美國專利1 0/ 735,379號申請案中所述之 任何混成膠結碳化物,其全部以指述方式納入本案。一般 而言,混成膠結碳化物乃一包含至少一膠結碳化物等級之 各粒子分散於第二膠結碳化物連續相通體內從而形成膠結 碳化物之複合體之材料。該美國專利1 0 / 7 3 5,3 79號申請案 之混成膠結碳化物相對於其他混成膠結碳化物具有低鄰近 16 1311085 比値及增進之性質。混成成膠結碳化物之分散栢鄰近比値 較佳可小於或等於〇 . 48。又,本發明之混成膠結碳化物複 合體較佳爲具有一硬度大於該連續相硬度之分散相。舉例 言之,在本發明切削嵌件之一或更多區位中所用混成膠結 碳化物之某些具體形式中τ該分散相之硬度較佳爲大於或 等於88 HRA及小於或等於95 HRA,而該連續相之硬度爲 大於或等於78 HRA及小於或等於91 HRA。
然而,業界熟練人士均將明白,以下對本發明之論述 亦可適用於製作具有複雜幾何形狀及/或多於二個區域之 合構嵌件。因此,以下論述無意拘限本發明,但僅例示其 各種具體形式。 在某些具體形式中,該等陶瓷成分可包含小於5重量 %之碳化物方塊譬如碳化鉅、碳化鈮及碳化鈦,或在一些 應甩上τ小於3重量%之碳化物方塊。在本發明之各具體 形式中,避免碳化物方塊或僅包括低濃度之碳化物方塊可 能有利,因碳化物方塊減小物件成品之橫向破裂強度、增 加生產成本、且減小破裂韌性。此對用以機製硬質工件之 刀具尤其重要,其中機製工作造成剪切作用,故鑽頭之強 度應爲最大。其他缺點包括因較高熱膨脹係數及較低熱傳 導性所致低熱震抗性以及低耐摩擦磨耗性。 業界熟練人士在已斟酌本發明說明後將了解,本發明 之改良旋轉刀具可用若干層不同之膠結碳化物材料構作, 以自該刀具中央區域到其週邊產生一或更多特性之量値之 級數。本發明合構物件及合構嵌件之一主要優點爲可供刀 17 .1311085
具設計者利用於裁修各刀具區域性質以適合不同應用之彈 性。舉例言之,本發明一特定合構胚之個別膠結碳化物材 料區域之尺寸、位置、厚度、幾何形狀、及/或物理性質 可選擇以適合該胚所製旋轉刀具之特定應用。因此,舉例 言之r若該嵌件在使用期間經歷顯著之彎曲,則該嵌件之 一或更多區域之剛性可能增加。此一區域可包含例如一具 有提升彈性模數之膠結碳化物材料,或者可將一或更多具 有刀面且經歷大於其他區域之切削速率之膠結碳化物區域 之硬度及/或耐磨耗性增高;且/或可將使用期間受到化 學物接觸之膠結碳化物區域之抗腐蝕性提升。 該等合構嵌件之各具體形式可予最佳化而具有較硬等 級之碳化物材料表面區域以獲致較佳之耐磨耗性,及較韌 等級之碳化物材料核心區域以增加抗震性或抗衝擊性。因 此,本發明所製合構可分度碳化物切削嵌件具有低製造成 本及增進機製性能之雙重利益。 圖1 a -1 d之切削嵌件1具有八個可分度位置(每側四 個)。圖1 a爲一切削嵌件具體形式之三維視圖。頂部區域 2及底部區域3均含有膠結碳化物。此等區域之膠結碳化 物可相同或不同。中間區域4含有具有與頂部區域2及底 部區域3不同等級之膠結碳化物材料。切削嵌件1具有一 可設計以於某些切削條件下改善特定材料群組之機製工作 之內建或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形狀5。圖1 b爲切削嵌件 1之前視圖;圖1 c爲切削嵌件1之俯視圖;.而圖丨d爲切 削嵌件1之斷面視圖。此類型之切削嵌件具有一平直側壁 18 1311085 6及—中央孔7 。中央孔7可用以將切削嵌件I固定於夾 持具內。
圖2a至2d例示一僅在頂側具有內建切角破碎器之合 構可分度切削嵌件11。切削嵌件11可予四次分度。圖2a. 爲三維視圖τ全頂部區域i 2含有一第一碳化物等級而全底 部區域13含有一第二碳化物等級,其中該第一碳化物等級 與該第二碳化物等級至少有一特性相異。切削嵌件1 1具有 一設計以於某些切削條件下改善特定材料群組之機製工作 之內建或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形狀1 4。圖2b爲切削嵌 件Π之前視圖;圖2c爲切削嵌件1 1之俯視圖;而圖2d 爲切削嵌件1 1之斷面視圖。此類型之切削嵌件具有一有角 側壁1 5及一中央孔1 6。 該等合構碳化物可分度切削嵌件之各具體形式不限於 圖i及2中所示之切削嵌件1及1 1。在以下圖3及5中之 進一步具體形式顯示得自本發明之三種其他可能之複合構 造碳化物切削嵌侔。本發明之任何具體形式均可在每一區 域內包含不词之材料,譬如複合材料。 基於本發明之原理,圖3. a至3 d例示該合構可分度切 削嵌件之一在頂底二側均有內建切角破碎器之構造類型《 切削嵌件2 1具有菱形,且可予四次分度(每側二次)。圖 3a爲三維視圖’ 一全角部區域22及另一全角部區域23含 有可爲相同或不同等級之膠結碳化物,而中央區域24亦可 含有至少有一不同特性之複合材料。切削嵌件2 1具有一設 吾十以於某些切削條件下機製特疋金屬材料群組之內建或壓 19 -1311085 入之切角破碎器幾何形狀25。圖3b爲切削嵌件21之前視 圖;圖3.c爲切削嵌件21之俯視圖;而圖3d爲切削嵌件 21之斷面視圖。此類型之切削嵌件具有一平直側壁26及 一中央孔27。
基於本發明之原理,一如圖4 a至4ct中所示進一步之 合構可分度切削嵌件31具體形式不具有中央孔,但在頂部 包括內建切角破碎器。切削嵌件31可予四次分度。圖4a 爲三維視圖。靠近周邊之部分頂部區域32含有一第一複合 材料。切削嵌件主體區域3 3之其餘部分(自該頂部中央部 分至整體底部區域)含有一異於該第一複合材料之第二複 合材料。切削嵌件31具有內建切角破碎器幾何形狀34。 圖4b爲切削嵌件3 1之前視圖而圖4c爲切削嵌件3 1之俯 視圖。如於圖4d中清楚看出,部分頂部區域32包含一複 合材料譬妞某一等級之膠結碳化物,而主體區域3 3.包含一 第二複合材料譬如—不同等級之碳化物材料。此類型之切 削嵌件具有一有角側壁3 5。 圖5a至5d包含一在頂底二側均有內建切角破碎器之 進一步合構可分度切削嵌件具體形式。切削嵌件4丨具有菱 形,且可予四次分度(每側二次)。如圖5 a中所示,該切 削嵌件可在所有四個角部區域42' 43、44及45之切削部 分含有相同之複合材料,而在主體區域46含有第二等級之 碳化物。切削嵌件4 1具有一設計以於某些切削條件下機製 特定金屬材料群組之內建或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形狀 4 7 °圖5 b爲切削嵌件4 1之前視圖;圖5 c爲切削嵌件4 1 20 -1311085 之俯視圖;而圖5d爲切削嵌件41之斷面視圖。切削嵌件 41具有一平直側壁48及一中央孔49。
應予強調,可分度切削嵌件之形狀可爲任何業界熟練 人士已知用於金屬切削應用之正/反幾何式樣,而可包括 任何所需之切角形成用幾何形狀。圖6至9提供可根據本 發明之提供方法所生產切削嵌件之進一步不同幾何形狀實 例。圖6顯示具有二種不同複合材料(譬如碳化物材料52 及5 3 )之不規則形狀銑削嵌件5 1。切削嵌件5 1具有內建 或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形狀54。圖7例示具有二種不同 碳化物材料57及58之圚形一般用途切削嵌件56。切削嵌 件56具有一平坦頂面59。圖S顯示具有二個區域62及63 之圓形一般用途切削嵌件6 1。切削嵌件6 1具有內建或壓 入之切角破碎器幾何形狀64。圖8顯示具有包含不同等級 複合材料之二個區域67及6_8之不規則形狀凹槽/切斷嵌 件66。切削嵌件66具有內建或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形 狀69。 用以產生本發明有或無切角破碎器幾何形狀之新穎合 構碳化物可分度切削嵌件之各種製造方法均以習甩碳化物 粉加工方法爲基礎。在本發明方法之一具體形式中,各粉 狀金屬等級可藉單一進料屐或多個進料屐引進模子之一部 分空腔內。在某些具體形式中,至少有一進料屐可包含至 少二個進料區段,以便利用同一屐塡裝該空腔之各部分。 該方法之各具體形式可進一步包括將多個隔板引進該空腔 內,以形成多個模子空腔部分。各隔板可附接於該屐或藉 21 1311085 該裝置之另一部分引進該空腔內。隔板可藉馬達、水力機 件、氣體働力機件或電磁線圈降入該空腔內。
圖10a及10b以示意方式例示習用之碳化物粉壓榨設 備。圖LOa顯示一在塡裝階段之壓榨裝置,其中碳化物粉 71予引進模子72之空腔內達於底部衝頭73之頂面。該金 屬粉可藉一經由一硬管82及一軟管76連接至一進料斗75 之進料屐74予以饋進。圖10a中之頂部衝頭77係在升高 之位置上。模板78係用以支承模子72而心桿79係用以在 該切斛嵌件上產生一洞孔。圖1 〇b以示意方式顯示壓榨階 段期間內之該壓榨裝置,其中金屬粉71被壓製成一未加工 尺寸之碳化物切削嵌件80。頂部衝頭77及底部衝頭73均 與壓榨中軸線8 1同心。 對於本發明中所提供不同構造之合構切削嵌件可使用 不同之製造方法。該等方法係以切削嵌件之二基本類型複 合構造舉例,主要視分流平面(單一或多個/水平及垂直) 而定。本文中所用〜分流平面〃係合構物件或合構嵌件內 介於二種不同複合材料間之界面。具有二種不同複合材料 9 9.及1 0 0之第一'基本類型合構嵌件係以τρ;意方式例τκ於圖. 1 1 ’其中一具有單一分流平面93之切削嵌件9.1或一具有 多個分流平面94及95之切削嵌件垂直於頂部衝頭97及底 部衝頭98之壓榨中軸線96。在此等具體形式中,各分流 平面垂直於壓榨中軸線96。該第一基本複合構造具體形式 之典型實例示於先前圖丨、2、6、7及8中。 一具有二種不同複合材料109及1丨0之第二基本合構 22 1311085 嵌件具體形式係以示意方式例示於圖12,其中一代表性簡 化合構碳化物切削嵌件101之單一分流平面1 〇 3或一代表 性簡化合構碳化物切削嵌件102之多個分流平面1〇4及 105均平行於頂部衝頭107及底部衝頭1 〇8之壓榨中軸線 1 06。或換言之’所有分流平面均平行於壓榨中軸線1 。 該第二基本類型複合構造之典型實例示於先前圖3及9中。
本發明中所提供上述二基本複合構造具體形式之組合 形式於是可產生包含可垂直於該壓榨中軸線之多個分流平 面及可平行於該壓榨中軸線之(單一或多個)分流平面之 各種更複雜類型複合構造。如圖13中就具有二種不同碳化 物材料11 9及1 20之合構碳化物切削嵌件所示,一代表性 簡化合構碳化物切削嵌件11.1之單一分流平面113垂直於 頂部衝頭1 1 5及底部衝頭1 1 6之壓榨中軸線1 1 4,而單一 分流平面11 2平行於壓榨中軸線Π 4。亦且如圖1 3中所 示’ 一代表性簡化合構碳化物切削嵌件1 2 1之多個分流平 面122及123垂直於壓榨中軸線1 14,而多個分流平面124 及125平行於壓榨中軸線114。該組合式複合構造之典型 實例示於先前圖4及5中。各分流平面爲不同複合材料區 域間之邊界。 圖14a至14d爲一用於製作本發明所提供屬第一基本 複合構造具體形式之合構切削嵌件之製法具體形式之代表 性示意圖(非按比例顯示)。如圖1 4a中所示,底部衝頭 1 3 1舆模子U 3之頂面Π 2對齊;底部衝頭1 3 1於是可沿 壓榨中軸線1 34向下行進,而碳化物粉1 3 5於同時被引進 23 .Ϊ311085
模子丨33之空腔內直至到達所需量爲止。該粉狀金屬係藉 包括進料屐1 36、金屬硬管1 3 7、軟管1 3 8及進料斗1 3 9 之碳化物粉塡裝系統150予以塡裝。模板141係用以支承 模子133而心桿142在切削嵌件143上形成一洞孔。頂部 衝頭140在此壓榨步驟期間係處於升高之位置供引進第一 金屬粉135。該弟一金屬粉之塡裝工作一旦完成,圖 中所示之第二碳化物粉塡裝系統1 5 2便將一不同等級之第 二粉狀金屬149引進模子133之空腔內,而底部衝頭m 繼續沿壓榨中軸線1 3 4向下行進,直至到達該第二粉狀金 屬之所需量爲止。在引進該第二粉狀金屬之後,第一碳化 物粉塡裝系統150可再次將該第一粉狀金屬引進該空腔 內,而該底部衝頭繼續向下移動,直至如圖14c中所示引 進所需之量爲止。最後,當所有三層之碳化物粉均予引進 時τ頂部衝頭1 4 0向下移動而底部衝頭1 31向上移動,以 形成如圖1 4d中所示之壓製碳化物切削嵌件粉壓胚1 55。 另法,圖14中所示之二碳化物粉塡裝系統150及152可如 圖15中所示替換以一具有內建式單另進料斗162及163 (以及相應硬管及軟管)之單一進料屐161。圖15a、15b 及I 5 c中例示之各塡裝步驟分別相同於圖1 4 a、1 4 b及1 4 c 中所示者。並以頂部衝頭166及底部衝頭167壓製合構嵌 件粉壓胚丨6 5。 圖16a至16d爲描繪另一用於製作本發明所提供屬第 二基本複合構造具體形式之合構碳化物可分度切削嵌件尤 其類似先前圖3中之合構碳化物切削嵌件之製法具體形式 24 1311085
示意圖示(非按比例)。該合構切削嵌件可於二角隅I 及169含有相同等級之碳化物(或不同等級),而於中央區 域170含有不同之碳化物材料。圖16a中所示碳化物粉塡 裝系統171包含一具有多個進料斗17 3、1.74及175之進料 屐1 72。底部衝頭1 76沿壓榨中軸線1 77向下移動,而容 許不同等級之碳化物粉經由內建於進料屐1 72之各分流型 材(如圖17中所示)塡裝。圖16a、16b及16c例示該碳 化物粉塡裝期間之演進,而具有本發明所提供第二基本類 型複合構造之合構碳化物切削嵌件18.1最終藉頂部衝頭 182及底部衝頭176予以形成。圖17提供一顯示進料屐172 基本結構之示意圖,其中圖1 7a爲前視圖,圖1 7b爲側視 圖,圖17c爲俯視圖,而圖17d爲三維視圖。進料屐172 原則上包含多支硬管1 9 1、1 92及1 93、一框格1 94、以及 多個分流型材i 95及1 96,而彼等在框格1 94內之部分依 據待壓製切削嵌件之尺寸及複合結構爲可調整或爲固定。 除開上述主要基於該底部衝頭之移動及該多種碳化物 粉塡裝系統之各較佳製法,圖18中所示另一較佳製法係基 於一種自動控制多個分流片並將各薄分流片驅入該模腔以 構成該多個型材之機構。該驅動機構包括使用齒條-小齒 輪、汽缸、液壓缸、線性馬達等等。圖1 8中之具體形式例 示一使用齒條-小齒輪之驅動機構。圖1 8 a爲前視圖,圖 1 8b爲側視圖,圖1 8c爲俯視圖,而圖1 8d爲三維視圖。 此一系統基本爲由電動馬達2 01、小齒輪2 0 2、齒條2 0 3、 框格204、多個分流型材205及206、厚度在0.003至0.040 25 1311085 吋範圍內之多個薄分流片207及2〇g、移動托架209、馬達 承架210、以及多支金屬硬管211、212及213構成。移動 托架209與齒條203偶合並直線上下移動。該多個薄分流 片2Q7及208以機械方式附接於移動托架209之二側。
以下提供將一具有圖19中所示第二基本複合構造具 體形式之合構切削嵌件(圖1 2中所界定)用以舉例時之所 述多個薄分流片用齒條-小齒輪驅動機構之詳細工作原 理。 圖1 9中所示爲一合構切削嵌件22 1,可於二角隅區域 2 22及2 23包含柑同等級之碳化物,而於中央區域224包 含不同之碳化物材料或者不同等級之碳化物材料。切削嵌 件221具有二個有內建或壓入之切角破碎器幾何形狀225 之相同頂及底側面。切削嵌件221具有一平直側壁226及 一中央孔2 2 7。 圖20中所示進料屐所處位置爲薄分流片231及232 被齒條與小齒輪機構向下驅動到達底部衝頭234之頂面 2 3 3。分流片231及232形成模子238之分割空腔23 5、236 及237。然後可經由多支金屬硬管239、240及241引進各 粉狀金屬。 如圖21中所示,該進料屐所處位置爲多個薄分流片 231及232在模子238之分割空腔235、236及237已塡裝 以二角隅246及247之粉狀金屬以及中央區域248之不同 粉狀金屬後被齒條與小齒輪機構向上驅動到達模子238之 頂面245上方。 26 Γ311085
此處應予說明,即用於製成本發明所提供合構切削嵌 件之製法不限於上述於圖14至21中所示之製法。有一些 其他可能之製法供製作本發明之合構碳化物可分度切削嵌 件。圖22a至22d以示意方式例示一包含具有二頂部衝頭 之壓機之製法。圖22 a顯示在第一塡裝位置之壓榨設備,· 其中所需量之第一粉狀金屬251被塡裝入模子253之空腔 252;具有平坦表面之頂部衝頭254及具有切角破碎器幾何 形狀之頂部衝頭255二者均處於升高之位置。圖22 b顯示 在第一受壓位置之壓榨設備,其中第一粉狀金屬25 1用平 坦表面型頂部衝頭254及底部衝頭257壓製成一生壓胚 256。此外,圖22b顯示在一不同碳化物粉258被塡裝入模 腔252後使用平坦表面型頂部衝頭254之第二受壓位置。 圖.22d顯示在第一種碳化物粉259再次被塡裝入模腔252 後使用具有切角破碎器幾何形狀之頂部衝頭255之最終受 壓階段壓榨設備,而碳化物粉251、258及259於是被壓製 成一合構碳化物切削嵌件生壓胚26 1。 本發明合構旋轉刀具及生產該等刀具所用合構胚之一 額外生產方法具體形式包含將一第一冶金粉置於一模子第 一區域空隙內。該模子較佳爲乾袋式橡膠模子。將一第二 冶金粉置於該模子第二區域空隙內。視該旋轉刀具所需不 同膠結碳化物材料之區域數而定,該模子可分割成額外之 區域而於其內置放特定之冶金粉。該模子可藉由置放一實 體隔板於該模子空隙內以界定若干區域而予分區。冶金粉 係如上述選用以獲致該旋轉刀具各對應區域之所需性質。 27 1311085 至少該第一區域及該第二區域之一部分係彼此接觸’而後 將該模子等壓壓縮使各冶金粉密實以形成壓實粉末之粉壓 胚。然後將該粉壓胚燒結使該粉壓胚進一步密實且於該第 一及第二區域或其他區域(若存在)間形成自生性黏接。 該燒結粉壓胚提供一胚r可予機製以包括刀刃及/或一特 殊旋轉刀具幾何形狀之其他實體徵貌。此等徵貌均已知於 業界普通技術人士,故本文不予詳細說明。
本發明方法之此等具體形式對切削嵌件設計者在設計 不同區位供特殊應用時提供增加之彈性。該第一生壓胚可 由任何膠結硬粒子材料設計成任何所需形狀。此外,該製 程可依需要重複多次,較佳爲於燒結前。舉例言之,在壓 實以形成該第二生壓胚後,可將該第二生壓胚置於一具有 第三粉末之第三模子內,並壓實以形成一第三生壓胚。藉 由此一重複製程可形成各種更複雜之形狀,可形成包括多 個性質柑異之明確界定區域之切削嵌件,而且切削嵌件設 計者將能設計出在特定區位或區域具有特定耐磨耗能力之 切削嵌件。 業界熟練人士均將了解所需用於壓實及燒結以形成膠 結硬粒子(譬如膠結碳化物切削嵌件)之各項製程參數。 此等參數可用於本發明之各方法,例如可於適合使該物件 密實之溫度(譬如高至1 500t之溫度)執行燒結工作。 3 一用於製作本發明合構切削嵌件之可能製法大體示 於圖23a至23d。圖23a以示意方式例示一新穎之頂部衝 頭設計’其中頂部衝頭271具有一可在頂部衝頭271內側 28 •1311085
上下滑動之同心衝頭嵌件272 »於塡裝階段,當同心衝頭 嵌件272 —路向下滑入模子27 3到達底部衝頭280之頂面 279時,便將第一粉狀金屬274引進模子273之空腔內。 塡裝後,同心衝頭嵌件272自模子273撤回並如圖23b所 示在模子273之空腔內側留下一空腔275。然後將一不同 等級粉狀金屬276塡裝入上述空腔27 5,而頂部衝頭271 及同心衝頭嵌件272如圖23c所示均處於升高之位置。最 後,圖23d以示意方式顯示該在受壓階段之壓榨設備,其 中第一粉狀金屬274及一不同等級粉狀金屬276藉頂部衝 頭271及底部衝頭278壓製成一切削嵌件粉壓胚277。如 此所得切削嵌件在該二角隅區域含有一相同等級碳化物粉 之複合體,而在該中央區域含有一不同種類之碳化物粉。 本發明物件之各具體形式亦包括各種用於旋轉刀具之 嵌件。模組式旋轉刀具典型爲包含一固定於刀具主體之膠 結碳化物嵌件。該刀具主體典型爲可由鋼製成。該旋轉刀 具嵌件可藉例如夾子或螺絲固定於該刀具主體。一典型模 組式圓尖端銑刀300之各組件示於圖24a-24c。模組式圓 尖端銑刀300包含一圓尖嵌件301及一鋼質主體302。鏟 鑽亦可予製成模組式旋轉刀具。如圖2 5 a - 2 5 c中所見,一 典型模組式鏟鑽400包含一鏟鑽嵌件401及一鋼質主體 40 2。 本發明之各具體形式亦包括各種用於模組式旋轉刀具 之合構嵌件。該等合構嵌件可包含至少一中央區域及一周 邊區域,其中該中央區域包含一第一複合材料,而該周邊 29 1311085
區域包含一第一複合材料。該桊—複合材料至少可有一特 性異於該第一複合材料。該特性可爲至少一由組成分、晶 粒尺寸、彈性模數、硬度、耐磨耗性、破裂韌性、抗拉強 度、抗腐敏性、熱膨脹係數、以及熱傳導係數所構成群組 中選出之特性’而各複合材料均可如上述。該等合構嵌件 可爲圓尖端銳刀嵌件、鏟鑽嵌件、或任何其他旋轉刀具嵌 件。舉例言之’圖26a及26b顯示本發明之二種不同圓尖 嵌件具體形式。圖26a之圓尖嵌件31〇包含三個包含複合 材料之區域3 1 1、3 1 2、及3 1 3。嵌件3 1 0包含一沿旋轉中 軸行進之中央區域3丨2以及二周邊區域3丨1及3丨3。該等 區域可全部包含不同之複合材料,或者任二區域可包含相 同之複合材料而其餘區域包含一不同之複合材料。在一替 用具體形式中’圖26b之圓尖嵌件320包含二個包含複合 材料之區域3 2 1及3 2 2。嵌件3 2 〇包含一與旋轉中軸垂直 之中央區域321及一在嵌件320之刀前梢之周邊區域32 2。 在進一步實例中,圖27a及2 7b顯示本發明之二種不 同鏟鑽嵌件具體形式。圖27a之鏟鑽嵌件410包含三個包 含複合材料之區域4 1 1、4 1 2、及4 1 3。類似圓尖嵌件3 1 0, 鏟鑽嵌件41 0包含一沿旋轉中軸行進之中央區域4丨2以及 一周邊區域411及413。又,此等區域可全部包含不同之 複合材料’或者任二區域可包含相同之複合材料而其餘區 域包含—不同之複合材料。類似圓尖嵌件320,圖27b之 鏟鑽嵌件420包含二個包含複合材料之區域421及422。 鏟鑽敗件4 20包含一與旋轉中軸垂直之中央區域4 2.1及一 30
.1311085 在嵌件420之刀前梢之周邊區域422 »另法,本發明之旋 轉刀具嵌件可製成具有其他複合搆形,其中在該刀具之不 同區域出現一特定特性之差異。 在某些具體形式中,該合構嵌件可包含一複合材料, 所具中央區域彈性模數異於周邊區域內第二複合材料之彈 性模數。在某些應用上,該中央區域彈性模數可大於該周 邊區域彈性模數。舉例言之,該中央區域內第一複合材料 之彈性模數可在90xl06至95xl〇spsi間,而該周邊區域內 第二複合材料之彈性模數可在69x 1 06至92x 1 〇6ps. i間。 在某些具體形式中,該合構嵌件可包含一複合材料, 所具中央區域硬度或耐磨耗性異於周邊區域內第二複合材 料之硬度或耐磨耗性。在某些應用上’該周邊區域硬度或 耐磨耗性可大於該中央區域硬度或耐磨耗性。此等性質及 特性差異可用包含黏結劑濃度差異之各種膠結碳化物材料 獲得。舉例言之’在某些具體形式中,該第一複合材料可 色含6至15重量%鈷合金,而該第二複合材料可包含1〇 至15重量%鈷合金。該等旋轉刀具切削嵌件之具體形式可 包含二種以上之複合材料,或包含二個以上之區域,或二 者皆有。i 本發明各嵌件之進一步具體形式示於圖28至31。此 等具體形式具有平行於該典型壓榨軸或者大致垂直於該頂 或底面之分流平面。換言之,圖28至31之具體形式可視 爲具有二種不同複合材料之第二基本合構嵌件具體形式。 圖28a及28b例示一合構圚尖銑削嵌件430之具體形式, 31 1311085 在周邊區域432內二尖部431處具有一膠結碳化物等級, 而在中央區域433內具有一不同之膠結碳化物等級。 圖2.9 a及2_9b例示一合構鏟鑽嵌件440之具體形式’ 在中央區域442內刀梢441處具有一膠結碳化物等級,而 在周邊區域44 3具有另一不同之膠結碳化物材料。中央區 域442內沿中央區域刀刃444之切削速率將慢於沿周邊區 域切削區445之切削速率。
圖30a、3 Ob及30c例示一具有一有角側面453之合構 可分度切削嵌件450之具體彤式,在全周邊區域452具有 一膠結碳化物等級,而在中央區域451具有一不同之膠結 碳化物等級。中央區域451可包含一支承周邊區域452之 較耐磨耗等級刀刃之韌性膠結碳化物等級。此外,圖3 1 a 及31b例示另一在頂底二側均有內建切角破碎器463之合 構可分度切削嵌件460之具體形式。切削嵌件460在全周 邊區域461具有一膠結碳化物等級,而在中央區域462具 有另一不同之碳化物材料。 亦提供一新穎之製法用於生產各種在該全周邊區域具 有一複合材料而在該中央部分具有另一不同之複合材料之 合構切削嵌件。進料屐可修改成塡裝模子之一空腔,以使 一複合等級沿周邊分配而一不同之複合材料分配於該中央 區域內。該進料屐可設計成在該空腔內藉重力進料,其中 該粉狀金屬係藉多支進料硬管或藉一設計成塡裝每一區域 之進料硬管分配。本發明方法之另一具體形式示於圖3 2 至34。 32 1311085
圖3 2a及32b以示意方式例示一馬達驅動式粉末進料 屐機構5 00,用以生產一具有如圖31&及3ib中所示複合 構造之典型圓形切削嵌伴。進料屐機構500可包含二個馬 達動單兀。第一馬達驅動單兀包含一齒條5 0 L、一*小齒 輪502、一支承托架503、一馬達50.4、及一馬達軸桿507。 在此具體形式中,齒條501係以機械方式連接於一空心圓 筒5.05 ’而一具有空心圓筒形狀之薄分流片506附接於空 心圓筒5 0 5之外圓筒面。如圖3 2 a中所示,空心圓筒5 0 5 係藉齒條501驅動直至薄圚筒形分流片506到達底部衝頭 508之頂面爲止。因此,在底部衝頭508與模子511間形 成二個分割空腔,亦即中央空腔509及全周邊空腔510。 第二馬達驅動單元係由一馬達520、一馬達軸桿52 1、一小 齒輪522及一具有一系列內建刀片524之獨特結構大齒輪 .523構成,見圖3·3 a及33b.α妬所示,大齒輪523.係藉一對 座落於底部承座526與頂部承座527之推力軸承525予以 支承。 上述大齒輪523之細部示於圖33a之平面視圖及圖 33b之透視圖。大齒輪523具有一系列標準或非標準齒530 及—系列刀片524。刀片524可爲簡單平面、或有扭角平 面、或螺旋面之形狀。如圖32a中所示,該等刀片作用如 一分散器將碳化物粉分配於全周邊部分空腔510內。 圖3 4 a及3 4 b例示(非按比例)一具有二進料斗之進 料屐系統540。進料屐系統540係藉一種線性精確位置單 元經由主動軸541予以驅動’因此進料屐系統540可精確 33 1311085
位於周邊空腔542及中央空腔543上方。進料屐系統540 係配備以一用於將金屬粉饋入周邊空腔542之進料斗單元 544及另一用於將金屬粉饋入中央空腔543之進料斗單元 5 45。進料斗單元544及545二者由漏斗底座550支承。薄 圓筒形分流片546置於底部衝頭547之頂面。來自進料斗 單元545之金屬粉5 60予直接引進中央空腔543,而來自 進料斗單元544之金屬粉562係藉多個刀片563引進周邊 空腔542,該等刀片經由大齒輪523之受控式旋轉將金屬 粉5 6 2均勻分散入周邊空腔54 2。較佳爲所有金屬粉均直 接饋入該空腔。 在圖3 4b中,於圖34a之具體形式所處位置上,空腔 542及543二者已塡裝以二種不同之金屬粉571及57 2。於 此位置上,薄圓筒形分流片573被由齒架57 5向上驅動之 空心圚筒574舉至模子表面576上方。 一般均將了解,本說明例示該等有關對本發明進行清 楚了解之本發明各個方面。爲簡化本說明,本發明之某些 將對業界普通技術人士爲明顯故而將無利於更加了解本發 明之各個方面乃未予提出。雖然本發明之各具體形式已加 以說明,·但業界普通技術人士在斟酌前列說明時均將認知 本發明之各種修改及變化形式均可以採用。本發明之所有 此等變化及修改形式均意圖由前列說明及後附申請專利範 圍予以涵蓋。 34
Claims (1)
1311085 十、申請專利範®: ί.一種生產合構物件之方法,包含: 自一進料屐將一第一粉狀金屬等級引進模子內一空 腔之第一部分’以及自該進料屐將一第Ξ粉狀金屬等級引 進該空腔之第二部分,其中該第一粉狀金屬等級之化學組 成或粒徑異於該第二粉狀金屬等級:以及 將該第一及第一粉狀金屬等級壓實以形成粉壓胚。 2 .如申請專利範圍第.1項之方法,尙包含:
將該粉壓胚燒結以形成該合構物件,具有一包含一 第一複合材料之第一區域及一包含一第二複合#料之第二 區域,其中該第一複合材料與該第二複合材料至少有一特 性相異。 3.如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第一及第二 複合材料各自包含在黏結劑中之硬粒子,其中該等硬粒子 獨立包含碳化物、氮化物、硒化檢、矽化檢、氧化物、及 其等之固熔體中至少一種,而該黏結劑包含至少一由鈷、 鎳、鐵、及其等之合金φ選出之金屬。 4 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中特性爲至少一 由組成分、晶粒尺寸、彈性模數、硬度、耐磨耗性、破裂 韌性、抗拉強度、抗腐蝕性、熱膨脹係數、以及熱傳導係 數所構成群組中選出之特性。 5 .如申請專利範圍第ί項之方法,其中該第一粉狀金 屬等級及該第二粉狀金屬等級各自包含一金屬碳化物及一 黏結劑。 6.如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該第一粉狀金 1311085 屬等級之金屬碳化物中之金屬及該第二粉狀金屬等級之金 屬各自爲由駄、路、釩、銷、給、鉬、鉅、鎢、及_鈮所構 成群組中選出。 7 ..如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該進料屐包含 至少二個進料區段。 8 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,尙包含·· 自該進料屐將一第三粉狀金屬等級引進該空腔。
9 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該物件爲切削 嵌件、鑽孔嵌件、銑削嵌件、切螺紋嵌件、起槽嵌件、車 削嵌件、鏟鑽、鏟鑽嵌件、或圚尖端銑刀。 1 〇 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,尙包含: 將該第一粉狀金屬等級、該第二粉狀金屬等級、或 一第三粉狀金屬等級中至少一種引進該模子之第三部分。 1 i .妬申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該第一粉狀金 屬等級之黏結劑及該第二粉狀金屬等級之黏結劑各自包含 一由鈷、鈷合金、鎳、鎳合金、鐵、及鐵合金所構成群組 中選出之金屬。 1 2 10申請專利範圍第1 1項之方法,其中該第一粉狀金 屬等級之黏結劑與該第二粉狀金屬等級之黏結劑在化學組 成上相異。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第1 1項之方法,其中該第一粉狀金 屬等級之黏結劑重量百分比異於該第二粉狀金屬等級之黏 結劑重量百分比。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該第一複合材
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- 2006-08-17 JP JP2008527130A patent/JP2009504924A/ja active Pending
- 2006-08-17 PL PL06801708T patent/PL1915227T3/pl unknown
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- 2006-08-17 KR KR1020137029361A patent/KR20130126757A/ko not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL1915227T3 (pl) | 2013-10-31 |
| KR20130126757A (ko) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP1915227A2 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| IL187712A (en) | 2011-02-28 |
| IL187712A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| JP2009504924A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
| CA2609792A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| CA2609792C (en) | 2015-05-26 |
| NO20081066L (no) | 2008-04-03 |
| HK1114814A1 (zh) | 2008-11-14 |
| US20070042217A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| BRPI0612230A2 (pt) | 2010-10-26 |
| KR20080033158A (ko) | 2008-04-16 |
| MY152635A (en) | 2014-10-31 |
| WO2007022336A2 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| JP2014012334A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
| US7687156B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
| TW200732064A (en) | 2007-09-01 |
| DK1915227T3 (da) | 2013-07-15 |
| CN101222994A (zh) | 2008-07-16 |
| RU2429944C2 (ru) | 2011-09-27 |
| KR101370162B1 (ko) | 2014-03-04 |
| EP1915227B1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| EP1915227B8 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| IL207815A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| IL207815A (en) | 2014-07-31 |
| US8647561B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
| WO2007022336A3 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
| EP1915227B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
| US20090041612A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
| RU2008110180A (ru) | 2009-09-27 |
| JP5885710B2 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
| CN101222994B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
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