TWI232101B - Treatment of neurotic disorders - Google Patents
Treatment of neurotic disorders Download PDFInfo
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- TWI232101B TWI232101B TW089115110A TW89115110A TWI232101B TW I232101 B TWI232101 B TW I232101B TW 089115110 A TW089115110 A TW 089115110A TW 89115110 A TW89115110 A TW 89115110A TW I232101 B TWI232101 B TW I232101B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Description
1232101 A7 B7 五、發明說明(/ ) 發明領域 本發明相關於化合物艾西塔洛能(escitalopram)之用途 (INN-名稱),其爲已知的抗憂鬱藥西塔洛能(citalopram) 之S-鏡像物,即(S)-l-[3-(二曱基胺)丙烷基]-1- (4-氟苯基 )-1-3-二氫-5-異苯呋喃碳亞硝酸鹽,或其醫藥上可接受的 鹽類,以製備治療包括焦慮狀態和恐慌性攻擊之神經官能 症之藥劑。 發明背景 西塔洛能爲目前市場上已知多年的抗憂鬱藥,其具有 下列的結構: ------------·裝—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
訂--- # 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
式I 它是一種具選擇性的,主要作爲血淸素(5-羥基色胺 ;5-ΗΤ)再吸收抑制劑,因此其具有抗憂鬱的活性。此化合 物的抗憂鬱活性已被發表在數種刊物中,如I. Hyttel,Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol & Biol. Psychiat., 1982, 6, 277-295 和 A· Gravem,Acta Psychiatr. Scand·,1987,75,478_486,且 目前已被銷售以作爲憂鬱症和恐荒症的治療。此化合物亦 3 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1232101 A7 B7 五、發明說明(〆) 進一步被揭露出在癡呆和腦血管疾病的治療方面所顯示的 效用,於EP-A 474580中。 於US專利No 4,943,590中揭露艾西塔洛能及其製備 方法。西塔洛能具立體選擇性’如S-鏡像物具有5-HT-再 吸收之抑制作用’因此’使得所述鏡像物的抗憂鬱效用亦 被揭露。S-西塔洛能目前正被發展作爲抗憂鬱藥。 硏究顯示罹患包括焦慮症之神經官能症’尤其是一般 性的焦慮,和恐慌性攻擊’特別是伴隨有陌生環境恐怖症 之患者,相較於發現於有酒精中毒、精神分裂症或人格方 面的疾病之患者中所發現的失能狀況’其具有相等或較高 之生命損傷的特質。再者,目前的治療並不一定總是有效 的或會造成不可接受的副作用。 因此,對於有效治療神經官能症的替代療法有一需求 〇 目前已發現到艾西塔洛能在之神經官能症的模型中具 有有效的效果如減輕焦慮效果,而在恐慌性攻擊及強迫妄 想症的治療上則具有顯著的效果。 發明說明 根據本發明,一種新穎艾西塔洛能的用途,亦即用於 製備治療神經官能症之藥劑被提供。 在專利說明書和申請專利範圍全文中,神經官能症一 詞是用於指明一群精神性疾病,包括焦慮狀態,特別是一 般性焦慮症和社交性焦慮症,後外傷壓力症,強迫妄想症 和恐慌性攻擊。 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) Λ w I I —---------·裝--------訂--------- s (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1232101 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制农 A7 五、發明說明(>) 一般性焦慮症,社交性焦慮症,後外傷壓力症,強迫 妄想症和恐慌性攻擊之名詞是被定義於DSM IV ° ,,恐慌性攻擊”一用語係預期任何疾病的治療,其與恐 慌性攻擊有關,包括恐慌症,特殊的恐懼症,社交恐懼症 和恐慌性攻擊發生時之陌生環境恐怖症。此些疾病是被進 一步定義於DSM IV。恐慌性攻擊具有間歇性週期’其在劇 烈的恐懼、害怕或驚駭時會有突如其來的攻擊行爲,通常 伴隨有瀕臨死亡的感覺。於攻擊的期間,會呈現如心悸、 神經緊張、發抖、呼吸窘迫的感覺、窒息的感覺、胸痛或 不舒服、噁心、感覺頭暈目眩、虛幻感、喪失控制或將要 發狂的恐懼、死亡的恐懼 '皮膚感覺異常和寒顫或熱脹紅 〇 對於具有持續不安之週期性突如其來的恐慌性攻擊爲 恐懼症的特徵。恐慌性攻擊的事件中,陌生環境恐怖症是 對於可能有困難逃離或其中可能無法獲得幫助之地方或情 況而感到焦慮或避免之。特殊恐慌症和社交恐慌症(從前 一起稱爲普通的恐慌)之特徵在於具有顯著且持續之過度 或不合理的恐慌,其係由對特殊物體或情況(飛行,高度 ,動物,看見血等)或社交表現的情況的存在或預期而得 到暗示。 發生恐慌性攻擊之疾病可藉由攻擊發生的可預測性來 區別,舉例而言,於恐慌症中攻擊並不可預測且不與任何 特殊的事件相關,反之在特殊的恐懼症中特殊的刺激可引 起攻擊行爲。 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ---·---------·裝--------訂--------- Φ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1232101 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(+) 片語“恐慌症的治療“意指攻擊之次數降低或預防和/ 或攻擊的嚴重性之減輕。類似地,一般性焦慮症、社交焦 慮症、後外傷壓力症和強迫妄想症的治療包括這些疾病的 治療或預防或其等症狀的減輕。 根據本發明,艾西塔洛能可作爲化合物的鹼或作爲其 醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽或這類鹽的無水物或水合物。使 用於本發明中之化合物的鹽類爲與非毒性有機或無機酸所 形成之鹽類,特別是草酸鹽。 於“成年大鼠足部電擊-誘導之超音波有聲化之抑制作 用測試,“小鼠黑白測試“的建立,及劇渴測試中,已 發現艾西塔洛能顯示具有不同於消旋物效果之顯著效果。 分別地對於紆解焦慮作用和恐慌性攻擊的效用及對於強迫 妄想症而言,這些模式爲標準之動物模式。 根據本發明,艾西塔洛能或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類可 以任何合宜的方式如口服或非經腸道地施用,且其可能以 任何合宜的形式來施用,如錠劑、膠囊、粉末、糖漿或溶 液或分散液來注射。較佳地,與本發明的目的一致,本發 明之化合物係以固型體醫藥的實體之形式施用,合宜的是 以錠劑或膠囊或懸浮液、溶液或分散液以供注射。 固體醫藥製劑之製備方法係爲此技藝中習知的。因此 錠劑可藉由將活性成份與一般佐藥和/或稀釋液混合,且其 次以簡便型打錠機擠壓混合物的方式製備。佐藥或稀釋液 的實例包括:玉米澱粉、乳糖、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、明膠、 乳糖、膠及其類似物。若與活性成份相容時,如著色劑、 6 -------------·裝---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂--- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1232101 A7 B7 五、發明說明(f) 香料、防腐劑等之其它任一佐藥或添加劑亦可被使用。 本發明之化合物最簡便地以顆粒或膠囊之單位劑量形 式經口服施用,其包含單位劑量中活性成份約爲1·〇 mg至 50 mg,較佳地爲5 mg/日至40 mg/日,最佳地爲10 mg/曰 至20 mg/日。 艾西塔洛能的草酸鹽可以於US專利案號4,943,590中 所述被製備,且其鹼和其它醫藥上可接受的鹽類可能由標 準步驟來自其中獲得。 因此根據本發明酸所使用之酸加成鹽製備,可利用於 惰性溶劑中以酸處理艾西塔洛能後,接著利用已知方法中 之沈澱、分離和合宜的再結晶作用,且需要時利用濕式或 乾式或其他簡便的方法將結晶狀產物微粒化,或由溶劑-乳 化方法製備顆粒。 藥理試驗 艾西塔洛係採用公認且可信賴的測試模式測試其對於 神經官能症之影響。西塔洛能-外消旋物則以比較爲目的而 被包括在內。 成年大鼠之足部電擊-誘導之有聲化測試 成年大鼠之足部電擊_誘導之有聲化測試(詳細描述於 SSnchez C.,成年雄性大鼠之足部電擊-誘導之超音波有聲 化之血淸素能藥物之效用。Behav. Pharmacol· 1993;4:267-277)可作爲紆解焦慮和抗恐慌效用之一種測試。 實驗步驟 本硏究開始時係使用重量爲150-175g之雄性大鼠( 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) ---.---------裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 1232101 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(b)
Wistar WU,查理斯河,德國)。簡要地,所使用的測試籠 (22 cm><22 cmx22cm)是由灰色珀斯珮有機玻璃(Perspex)製 作且裝配有金屬鐵柵的地板。足部電擊是由兩極刺激物傳 送且放置對超音波靈敏度範圍爲20-30 kHz的麥克風於測 試籠蓋子的中心。超音波由麥克風傳送至前置擴大器並把 訊號整流器內的AC訊號轉成DC訊號。記錄累積的時間, 其中整流訊號的伏特數是較大於先前所決定閥値水平的伏 特數。 初次測試期之前二十四小時準備動物。每一測試籠中 放置一隻大鼠,且在此之後緊接地接受每次爲期10秒且具 有5秒內電擊區間的四次1.0 mA不可避免之足部電擊。在 最後電擊之後,動物是被留置於測試籠內6分鐘。在測試 日,於測試之前30分鐘投與藥物或鹽液。在每10秒期間 ,大鼠接受四次1.0 mA不可避免的足部電擊。內電擊區間 爲5秒。超音波有聲化的記錄是於最後電擊之後的1分鐘 開始並持續5分鐘。花費於有聲化的總時間需被記錄。一 星期的洗出期之後,大鼠是被使用於新的測試期。大鼠共 使用7-8週。在每一個測試期,動物群被隨機配置並以鹽 或測試藥物處理。每一期包括了由8個動物構成的一治療 群,一種鹽液及2-4種藥物治療群。每種藥物係以重疊劑 量於至少兩個分別的試驗中被測試。 結果 此實驗顯示西塔洛能-外消旋物之最大效果爲60-70% 的抑制作用,而艾西塔洛能則能完全地抑制有聲化。 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) .II----------·裝!——7 —訂--------- Φ (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁) A7 1232101 五、發明說明(1 ) 黑及白箱測試 這是一個紆解焦慮效果的測試。此測試模式進一步被 描述於 Sdnchez,C. ( 1995) Pharmacol. 77, 71-78。 測試步驟 將重量爲30-35g的雄性小鼠(Lundeck品系,查理斯 河,德國)於顛倒的12小時日/夜週期(光線於7 p.m·關閉 )以馬口龍形式II的籠子分4組飼養。在測試前小鼠需適 應於顛倒的光/暗週期至少3週。以自動化控制室溫(21±2 °C),相對溼度(55士5%),及空氣交換(每小時16次) 。動物採自由攝取商品化食物九及水。 所設計的測試籠是由S^chez ( 1995) (supra)所描述 。簡要地,測試籠(45 cm><27 cmx27cm)爲開頂式且利用隔 板區分爲二個隔間(比率爲2:3),其面向黑色隔間的一邊 是黑色的和面向白色隔間的一邊爲白色的。較小的房室是 以黑色的珀斯珮有機玻璃製作。除最低的7.5cm之外,較 大的房室則以白色的珀斯珮有機玻璃製作,此部分是以透 明的珀斯珮有機玻璃(外牆)和黑色的珀斯珮有機玻璃( 隔板)製作。白色隔間是利用7.5 cmx7.5cm之開放隔板與 黑色隔間連結。白色隔間的地板是被區分爲9個區域,而 黑色的地板是被區分爲6個區域。白色隔間係利用相對於 560 Lux白光強度之Schott KL 1500電子燈以散發冷光的方 法照亮。老鼠測試系統係利用橫向2排11種及縱向1排 16種(較低的一排)的紅外燈光源和光電管完全自動控制 。光電管較低的一排(高於籠子地板2 cm)是用來偵測水 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) --.---------裝-----I--訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1232101 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(Γ) 平移動的活動(每個隔間的通過,進入時間),反之光電 管的上排(高於籠子地板5 cm)是用來偵測後方的活動。 同時地由4個測試箱記錄每1分鐘區間所累積之數據並貯 存於Paradox數據庫中。 測試盒是被放置於黑暗且安靜的房間中。於測試前將 小鼠轉移至測試房內之暗盒約2小時。測試房利用黑色帷 幔區分爲兩部份。於使用最小量紅光之房間中的一部份進 行藥物處理。按劑量給藥之後,將小鼠個別置於馬口龍形 式II的籠子直到測試爲止。預處理時間爲30分鐘。測試 盒是放置於房中的另一部份。把老鼠放置於面向開口於黑 色隔間之具有明亮光源的白色隔間中心後開始進行測試。 測試期間爲5分鐘,在黑白隔間內之一些交錯於方格間之 後端及線,進入黑色隔間的一些通道和在白色隔間所花費 的時間皆需被評估。 結果 在此模式中艾西塔洛能顯示具有顯著的效應。 計畫性-誘導劇渴 曝露於周期性地傳送食物的程序之喪失食物的大鼠將 視給予的機會與否而喝大量的水。此行爲現象稱爲計畫性-誘導劇渴且可被視爲一種正常行爲的過度表現。計畫性-誘 導劇渴是被視爲強迫妄想症的一種模式(Woods等1993 ) 〇 測試步驟 雄性wistar大鼠(M0llegird)以配對飼養並在開始測試 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) --,---------裝--------訂---------^^^^1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1232101
五、發明說明(1 ) 前二週及整個測試期維持食物限制之飮食(正常 80%)。爲了誘導劇渴,將老鼠置放測試房內’此測試房 內之顆粒九狀物之投與爲每60秒自動投與一顆60 mg食$ 九。於測試房內則隨時皆可獲得水。大鼠每週測試4·5 ^ ,於3-4週訓練後之70%的大鼠每30分鐘測試期可 10ml 〇 一旦大鼠達到能持續喝水的程度,化合物即可被'測試 。西塔洛能(40 mg/kg)或 Lu 26-054 ( 20 mg/kg)被建議 在測試前60分鐘而非測試日則在10:00 口服施用。水攝取 量是以預備劑量(基線)標準的百分比表示之。 結果 艾西塔洛能係產生水攝取量之顯著降低,反之西塔洛 能則不會有此效果。 這些硏究皆顯示艾西塔洛能具有有效的抗神經官能症 之效果,特別是紆解焦慮的效果和對恐慌性攻擊及強迫妄 想症的效果。 · 裝--- C請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂--- S— 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- A8B8C8D8 1232101 六、申請專利範圍 12. 根據申請專利範圍第1〇項之醫藥組成物,其特徵 在於該組成物是使用在特殊的恐怖症之治療。 13. 根據申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組成物,其特徵 在於該組成物是使用在社交恐懼症之治療。 14. 根據申請專利範圍第1〇項之醫藥組成物,其特徵 在於該組成物是使用在陌生環境恐怖症之治療。本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A8 B8 C8 D8 修止 搞見 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種用於治療神經官能症之醫藥組成物,其包含一* 有效量之作爲活性成分的艾西塔洛能或其醫藥上可接受的 鹽類。 2·根據申請專利範圍第1項之醫藥組成物,其特徵在 於該組成物是以單位劑量來施用。 3.根據申請專利範圍第1項之醫藥組成物,其特徵在 於該單位劑量包含1.0 mg至50 mg含量的活性成份。 4·根據申請專利範圍第3項之醫藥組成物,其中該單 位劑量包含5 mg/日至40 mg/日含量的活性成份。 5·根據申請專利範圍第4項之醫藥組成物,其中該單 位劑量包含10 mg/日至20 mg/日含量的活性成份。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之醫藥組成 物,其特徵在於該組成物是用在一般性焦慮性疾病之治 療。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之醫藥組成 物,其特徵在於該組成物是用在社交性焦慮症之治療。 8. 根據申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之醫藥組成 物,其特徵在於該組成物是用在後外傷壓力症之治療。 9. 根據申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之醫藥組成 物,其特徵在於該組成物是用在強迫妄想症之治療。 10. 根據申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之醫藥組成 物,其特徵在於該組成物是用在恐慌性攻擊之治療。 1U艮據申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組成物,其特徵 在於該組成物是用在恐懼症之治療。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁), ,ιτί
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