TWI249529B - Beta-amino heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors for the treatment or prevention of diabetes - Google Patents
Beta-amino heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors for the treatment or prevention of diabetes Download PDFInfo
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- TWI249529B TWI249529B TW093105887A TW93105887A TWI249529B TW I249529 B TWI249529 B TW I249529B TW 093105887 A TW093105887 A TW 093105887A TW 93105887 A TW93105887 A TW 93105887A TW I249529 B TWI249529 B TW I249529B
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
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Description
Ϊ249529 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關化合物,其為二肽基肽酶_IV酵素之抑制南! (DP-IV抑制劑,,)且可用以治療或預防其中涉及二肽基肽: IV酵素之疾病’如糖尿病且尤其是2型糖尿病。本發明又 有關包括該等化合物之醫藥組合物及該等化合物及該被人 物用於預防或治療其中涉及二肽基肽酶_IV酵素之疾病: 用途。 【先前技術】 :尿病為關於衍生自多肇因因素之疾病過程且特徵為在 r狀態或在口服葡萄糖耐性試驗.中投予葡萄糖後 «苟糖量升高或為高金糖症。持續性或未控制之高血糖^ 伴隨著增加及過早罹病率及致死率。經常性的異常 等穩性直接且間接與脂質、脂蛋 y 舶忠臼貝及載脂蛋白代謝改變 及其他代謝及血液動力疾病有關。因此患有2型糖尿病之病 患尤其有巨血管及微血管併發症增加之危險性,包含冠狀 心臟疾病、中風、末梢血管疾病、高血塵、腎病、神.性 疾病及視網膜病。因此,治療性控制葡萄糖等穩性、脂質 代謝及高血壓在臨床處置及糖尿病治療中特別重要。、 有兩種-般認知類型之糖尿病。⑶糖尿病或姨島素 性糖尿卿M)中’病患製造極少或未製造胰島素、 可調節葡萄糖利用性之激素。2型糖尿病或非胰島素倚賴性 糖尿病(NIDDM)中,病蛊絲登目士 届心i㊉具有血漿胰島素量與非糖尿 病個體相同或甚至升高之量,然而,該等病患發展出在主 91662.doc 1249529 要姨島素敏感性組織(其為肌肉、肝臟及脂肪組織)中對葡萄 糖及脂質代謝之胰島素刺激效果具有抗性,且升高之血漿 姨島素量不足以克服該顯著之胰島素抗性。 島素才几I·生並非主要因為減少數量之騰島素受體而是騰 島素後又妝結合缺陷,其目前尚未知。此對姨島素反應性 之抗I·生導致葡萄糖攝取之胰島素活化不足、在肌肉内氧化 及儲存及在脂肪組織中脂質分解及在肝職中葡萄糖產生及 分泌之不當胰島素表現。 對許多年來實f上未改變之2錄尿狀可提供治療法 已體認受到限制。雖然身體運動及降低飲食攝取卡路里將 戲劇性地改善糖尿病病況,但對此治療之順應性極差因為 =充分侵害原有生活型態及過度之食物消耗,尤其含高含 1飽和脂肪之食品。藉投予石黃醯基尿素(如妥丁酿胺 (tolbutamde)及葛利比齋㈣碰))或美格替奈(咖娜碗叫^ 可刺激胰臟β-細胞分泌更多胰島素)及/或當績酿基尿素或 美秸替奈.交無效時藉注射胰島素增加血漿胰島素量,可導 致胰島素濃度高至足以刺激該每一姨島素抗性之組織。妙 而、’危險低量之血漿葡萄糖可能源自投予胰島素或姨島= 促泌素(磺醯基尿素或美格替奈),且可能發生因甚至更高血 漿胰島素量之胰島素抗性程度增加。雙胍類增加胰島素敏 感度導致高血糖症之有些修正。’然而,兩種雙胍吩法明 (phenformin)及美法明(metf〇rmin)可誘發乳酸分解及嘔吐/ 下痢。美法明比吩法明具有更少副作用且經常處方用以二
療2型糖尿病。 /D 91662.doc 1249529 片塔示(81办2〇1^)(亦即5-节基噻唑啶-2,4-二酮類)為更最 ^ ^述為可舒緩2型糖尿病諸多病徵之潛在化合物類。該等 某背1 a貝上可增加數種2型糖尿病動物模型之肌肉、肝臟及 月曰肪組織中之胰島素敏感性,導致部份或完全修正升高之 血漿葡萄糖量而不發生低血糖症。目前已上市之齊塔宗為 過虱化體增生物活化受體(PPAR)之激動劑,主要為ΡΡΑΚ-γ 亞型。PPAR-γ亞型激動作用一般相信係負責以齊塔宗所觀 ’丁、到之改良胰島素敏感化作用。已經試驗用以治療η型糖尿 病之更新的PPAR激動劑為α、丫或§亞型或該等之組合之激 動劑,且許多例中其化學性不同於齊塔宗(亦即並非噻唑啶 二酮)。有些齊塔宗如托齊塔宗(tr〇glitaz〇ne)已發生嚴重副 作用。 治療該疾病之其他方法仍在研究中。近來介紹或仍在發 展中之新的生化方式包含以α-配糖酶抑制劑(如阿卡代糖 (acarbose))及蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶_1Β(ρτρ_ΐβ)抑制劑治 療。 為二肽基肽酶_IV(”DP_IV”或"DPP-IV”)酵素之抑制劑之 化合物亦正被研究作為可用以治療糖尿病之藥物,且特別 疋2型糖尿病。例如參見w〇 97/4〇832、w〇 Μη的%、美 國專利號5,939,560、生物有機醫藥化學通訊, 6:1163-1166(1996)及生物有機醫藥化學通訊, 6:2745_2748(1996)。DP_IV抑制劑在治療2型糖尿病中之利 用性所依據之事實為DP_IV在活體内使胰高血糖素 (glucagon)樣肽-1 (GLP_丨)及抑胃肽(GIp)快速去活化。GLp_工 91662.doc 1249529 及GIP為腸促胰島素且在食物消耗時產生。該腸促胰島素刺 激胰島素產生。DP-IV之抑制作用導致腸促胰島素降低之去 活化,且此隨後導致腸促胰島素在藉胰臟刺激胰島素產生 中增加效率。DP-IV抑制作用因此導致血清胰島素量增加。 有利地,由於腸促胰島素僅在食物消耗時由人體產生,因 此DP-IV抑制作用在不當時間内如每餐之間不預期會增加 胰島素量,其可引起過度低之血糖(低血糖症)。DJMv之抑 制作用因此預期可增加胰島素而不增加低血糖症之危險 性’其為使,胰島素促泌素所伴隨之危險副作用。 DP-IV抑制劑亦具有其他治療利用性,如本文所述。 DP-IV抑制劑迄今尚未廣泛被研究,尤其是在糖尿病以外之 利用性。需要新的化合物因而可能發現用於治療糖尿病及 潛在其他之疾病及病況之改&DP-IV抑制劑。Dp_IV抑制劑 在治療2型糖尿病之治療潛力已由D· j· Drucker於Εχρ. 〇pin.
Invest· Drugs, 12.87-100(2003)及由 K. Augustyns等人於Exp. Opin· Ther. Patents,13:499-510(2003)所描述。 【發明内容】- 本發明有關二肽基肽酶_IV酵素之抑制劑(,,Dp_IV抑制劑。 且可用於治療或預防其中涉及二肽基肽酶_IV酵素之疾病 (如糖尿病且尤其是2型糖尿病)之化合物。本發明又有關包 括該等化合物之醫藥組合物及該等化合物及組合物用於預 防4 /口療其中涉及二肽基肽酶—IV酵素之此疾病之用途。 本奄月有關可作為二肽基肽酶qv之六氫二p丫庚因酮化 合物。本發明化合物係由結構式〗所描述: 91662.doc 1249529
或其醫藥可接受性鹽;其中 各η獨立為0、1或2 ; A r為經1至5個R取代基取代之苯基· R1係選自下列所組成之組群: 氫; 1至5個獨立選自鹵 1-6烧氧基魏基及本 中烷氧基未經取代
Cl-ίο烷基,其中烷基為未經取代或經 素、經基、Ci_6烧氧基、幾基、c 基-Cu烧氧基之取代基取代,其 或經1至5個鹵素取代; (ram ’其中m經取代或經⑴個獨立選自函 素、CN、幾基、R2、0r2、贿s〇2R2 nr2s〇2r2 S〇2R2、C〇2H&Ci.6烷氧基羰基之取代基取代; (CH2)n-雜芳基,其中雜芳基未經取代或經⑴個獨立選 自羥基、齒素、Cw烷基及Cl·6烷氧基之取代基取 代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經丨至5個鹵素 取代; μ 1至3個獨立選 I-6烧氡基之取 取代或經1至5 (CH2)n-雜環基,其中雜環基未經取代或經 自氧代基、羥基、鹵素、Cw烷基及c 代基取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經 個鹵素取代; 91662.doc -10 - 1249529 (CH2)n-C3_6環烷基’其中環烷基未經取 取代或經1至3個獨 立選自鹵素、羥基、Cw烷基及_甘 以烷虱基之取代基 取代’其中该烧基及烧氧基未敏取你— 个、工取代或經1至5個鹵 素取代;及 其中R1中任何亞甲基(CH2)碳原子未經取代或經W個 獨立選自鹵素、羥基及未經取代或經丨至5個_素取代之 烷基之取代基取代; 各R3獨立選自下列所組成之組群: 氫; 鹵素; 氰基; 羥基;
Cw烧基’為未經取代或經1至$個齒素取代;
Cw烷氧基,為未經取代或經丨至$個鹵素取代; 羧基; 烧氧基幾基; 胺基; NHR2 ; NR2R2 ; nhso2r2 ; NR2S02R2 ; NHCOR2 ; NR2COR2 ; NHC02R2 ; 91662.doc -11 - 1249529 nr2co2r2 ; so2r2 ; so2nh2 ; so2nhr2 ;及 so2nr2r2 ; 各R2獨立為Cl·6烷基,其為未經取代或經丨至5個獨立選自齒 素、€〇21^及Cu烧氧基幾基之取代基取代; 、 R4及R5獨立選自下列所組成之組群: 氫; 氰基; 魏基;
Ci-6烷氧基羰基;
Cw烧基’其為未經取代或經丨至5個獨立選自齒素、声 基、Cw烧氧基、敌基、Ci 6燒氧基幾基及苯基工
烧氧基之取代基取代,其中燒氧基未經取代或二3 至5個鹵素取代; I (CH2)n-芳基,其中芳基未經取代 Ά經1至5個獨立選自鹵 素、經基、Cl-6烧基及Cl.6燒氧基之取代基取代,盆 中燒基及烧氧基未經取代或經m個i素取代/、 (CH2)n-雜芳基,其中雜芳基未經 代或經1至3個獨立選 自羥基、鹵素、Cw烷基及c 虱基之取代基 代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經 取代; 取代或經1至5個_素 (CH2)n-雜環基 91662.doc 其中雜環基未經取代 -12- 或經1至3個獨 立選 1249529 自氧代基、經U素、Cl.6烧基及Ci成氧基之取 代基取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經丨至5 個鹵素取代; (CH2)n_C3_6環烷基,其中環烷基未經取代或經丨至^個獨 立選自齒素、經基、C"烧基及^6燒氧基之取代基 取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經丨至5個鹵 素取代; (CH2)nCONR6R7,其中尺6及R7獨立選自由氫、四唑基、噻
唑基二(CHA-苯基、(CH2)n-C3.6環烷基&Ci 6烷基所 組成組群之基,其中烷基未經取代或經丨至5個鹵素 取代且其中苯基及環烷基未經取代或經丨至5個獨立 選自齒素、羥基、Cw烷基及Cl_6烷氧基之取代基取 代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經丨至5個鹵素 取代; 或其中R及R7與其所鍵結之氮原子_起形成選自吖丁
欠、吡咯啶、哌啶、哌畊及嗎啉之雜環狀環;且其中該 雜環狀環未經取代或經丨至5個獨立選自_素、羥基、Cl 6 =基及Cm烷氧基之取代基取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未 經取代或經!至5個鹵素取代;且其中…或反5中任何亞曱 基(CHZ)碳原子未經取代或經1至2個獨立選自鹵素、羥基 及未經取代或經1至5個_素取代之CU4烷基之取代基取 代;及 標記為*之碳原子具有如式la R1R9各^為氫或Cl_ 本發明化合物一具體 91662.doc -13- 1249529 所示之R組態:
其中 Ar、R1、R4、 R、R及R9如本文定義。 本發明化合物之第_ θ w , 弟一具體例中,R3係選自下列所組成之 組群: 、 氫; 鹵素; 氰基; 羥基; C"烧基4未經取代或經1至5個_素取代; c"烧氧基,為未經取代或經個函素取代。 此類具體例中,R3俜遴&丄斤 ^ κ係铯自由氫、氟、氯、溴、三氟基及 甲基所組成之組群。-女来 3 f 一人類具體例中,R3係選自由气、氟及 氯所組成之組群。 本發明化合物之第三具體例中,丨 組群: τ κ你、自下列所組成之 氫; c"烷基,其中烷基為未經取代或經⑴個獨立選自齒 素烧氧基、缓基、Ci識氧基幾基及苯 基-Cu烧氧基之取代基取代,其中 k y、 70氧基未經取代 或經1至5個鹵素取代; 91662.doc -14- 1249529 (CH2)n-C3-6環烧基’其中環烷基未經取代或經【至〗個獨 立選自函素、經基、c"烧基及Cl.6燒氧基之取代基 取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經⑴個齒 素取代;及 其中Ri中任何亞甲基(CH2)碳原子未經取代或經⑴個 獨立選自*素、羥基及未經取代或經⑴㈣素取代之 Cw烷基之取代基取代。 本發明化合物此類具體例中,R1#搜6 ^ 你k自下列所組成之組 群: 氫; C 1_4烧基; 2,2,2_三氟乙基; 甲氧羰基甲基; 羧基甲基; 羥基乙基; 苄氧基甲基; 苄氧基乙基;·及 環丙基。 ’Rl係選自由氫、甲基、 本發明化合物此類具體例中 第 二丁基及環丙基所組成之組群 ,尺及反5係選自下列所組成 本發明化合物第四具體例中 之組君f : 氯;
Ci-1G烷基 其為未經取代或經1至5個镯 立選 鹵素、經 91662.doc 1249529 ::Cl_6院氧基、竣基、c “燒氧基幾基及苯基-c" 凡乳基之取代基取代,#中燒氧基未經取代或㈣ 至5個鹵素取代; (CH2)n-方基,其中芳基未瘦取々 禾、、、工取代或經1至5個獨立選自卣 素、經基、c"烧基及Cl_6燒氧基之取代基取代,其 中院基及烧氧基未經取代或經⑴㈣素取代; (CH2)n-雜芳基,其中雜芳基未經取代或經⑴個獨立選 自羥基、鹵素、c"烷基及Ci 6烷氧基之取代基取 代,多中該烧基及烧氧基未經取代或經丄至5個幽素 取代; μ (CHA-雜環基’其中雜環基未經取代或經丨至^個獨立選 自氧代基、羥基、鹵素、Cw烷基及Ci_6烷氧基之取 代基取代’其中該烧基及烧氧基未經取代或經丨至5 個鹵素取代; (CH2)n-C3_6環烧基’其中環烧基未經取代或經1至3個獨 立選自鹵素、每基、Cw烧基及c1-e燒氧基之取代基 取代’其中該燒基及烧氧基未經取代或經1至5個齒 素取代; 其中R4或R5中任何亞甲基(CH2)碳原子未經取代或經1至 2個獨立選自i素、羥基及未經取代或經1至5個_素取代 之Cw烷基之取代基取代。 本發明化合物此類具體例中,R4及R5係獨立選自丁列所 組成之組群:
91662.doc -16- 1249529
Cw烷基,其為未經取代或經丨至5個獨立選自鹵素、羥 基、Cw烷氧基、羧基、Ci 0烷氧基羰基及苯基/I」 烷氧基之取代基取代,其中烷氧基未經取代或經工 至5個鹵素取代; (CEbV芳基,其中芳基未經取代或經丨至5個獨立選自鹵 素、羥基、Cw烷基及Cw烷氧基之取代基取代,其 中烧基及烧氧基未經取代或經丨至5個卣素取代; (CH2)n-雜芳基,其中雜芳基未經取代或經is 3個獨立選 自羥基、鹵素、Cw烷基及Cl_6烷氧基之取代基取 代,其中该烧基及烧氧基未經取代或經丨至5個鹵素 取代; (CH2)n-C3_6環烧基,其中環烷基未經取代或經1至3個獨 立選自i素、經基、烷基及Cl_6烷氧基之取代基 取代,其中該烷基及烷氧基未經取代或經丨至5個齒 素取代; 其中R或R中任何亞甲基(CH2)碳原子未經取代或經1至 2個獨立選自·鹵素、羥基及未經取代或經1至5個_素取代 之Ci _4统基之取代基取代。 本發明化合物次類具體例中,R4及R5係獨立選自下列所 組成之組群: 氫; ch3 ; CH2CH3 ; CH2CH(CH3)2 ; 91662.doc -17- 1249529 ch2-環丙基; ch2-環己基; CH2OCH2Ph ; CH2OH ; CH2Ph ; CH2(3-OCF3-Ph); CH2(4-OCF3-Ph); CH2(3-CF3 9 5 -CF3-Ph); CH2(2-CF3-Ph); CH2(2-Cl-Ph); CH2(2-Me-Ph); CH2(2_Me,5-Me-Ph); CH2(2-Ph-Ph); CH2(2-F,5-F-Ph); CH2(2-F-Ph); CH2(2-F,3-F-Ph); CH2(2-吼啶基); CH2(3-吼啶基); CH2(4-吡啶基); CH2(1-氧離子吡啶-2-基); CH2(1-氧離子吡啶-3-基); CH2(1H-。比唑-1-基); CH2(2-F,6-F-Ph);及 CH2CF3。 -18- 91662.doc 1249529 此類具體例之又次類化合物中,R5為氫。 本發明化合物第五具體例中,R8及R9係獨立選自氫及甲 基。 此類具體例中,R8及R9為氫。 本發明第六具體例為式la化合物,其中R1係選自下列所 組成之組群: 氮; C 1-4烧基; 2,2,2-二氣乙基; 甲氧羰基甲基; 羰基曱基; 羥基乙基; 苄氧基甲基; 苄氧基乙基;及 環丙基; R3為氫、氯或氟; R4係選自下列所組成之組群: 氮; CH3 ; CH2CH3 ; CH2CH(CH3)2 ; CH2-環丙基; ch2-環己基; CH2OCH2Ph ; 91662.doc -19- 1249529 ch2oh ; CH2Ph ; CH2(3-OCF3-Ph); CH2(4-OCF3-Ph);及 CH2(3-CF3,5-CF3-Ph); CH2(2-CF3-Ph); CH2(2-Cl-Ph); CH2(2-Me-Ph); CH2(2-Me,—5-Me-Ph); CH2(2-Ph-Ph); CH2(2-F,5-F-Ph); CH2(2-F-Ph); CH2(2-F93-F-Ph); CH2(2-吨啶基); CH2(3-吼啶基); CH2(4-吡啶基); CH2(1-氧離子吡啶-2-基); CH2(1-氧離子吡啶-3-基); CH2(1H-吡唑-1-基); CH2(2-F,6-F-Ph);及 CH2CF3 ;及 R8及R9為氫。 此類具體例之又次類化合物中,R5為氫。 可作為二肽基肽酶-IV之本發明化合物之舉例(但非限制 91662.doc -20- 1249529 實例)如下··
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91662.doc 22- 1249529 或其醫藥可接受性鹽。 本文所用者可應用下列定義。 匕”烧基”以及具有字首,,院,,之其他基如⑨氧基及烧酿基意 指可為直鏈或分支及其組合之碳鏈,除非該钱另有定 義。_例包含甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第 :及弟三丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基等。當允 :特定數里之石反原子時,如自c3 i。,則該名詞烷基亦包含
%烷基,及直鏈或分支烷基鏈與環烷基結構之組合。當未 特定出碳原f數時,欲為。 ’㈣基”為院基之次組群且意指具有特定數量碳原子之 飽和石反核狀環。環燒基實例包含環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、 %己基、裱庚基、環辛基等。環烷基通常為單環除非另有 說明。環烷基為飽和,除非另有定義。
名司烷氧基代表特定碳原子數(如c^6烷氧基)或此範圍 内之任何數1之直鏈或分支烷氧化物[亦即甲氧基 (MeO-)、乙氧基、異丙氧基等]。 名詞”烷硫基”代表特定碳原子數(如〇ι·6烷硫基)或此範圍 内之任何數置之直鏈或分支烷硫化物[亦即甲硫基 (MeS-)、乙硫基、異丙硫基等]。 名3烧胺基代表特定碳原子數(如6烷胺基)或此範圍 内之任何數買之直鏈或分支烷胺[亦即甲胺基、乙胺基、異 丙胺基、第三丁胺基等]。 名㈣烧基績酸基’’代表特定碳原子數(如Cw烷基磺醯基) 或此範圍内之任何數量之直鏈或分支烷基颯[亦即甲基磺 91662.doc •23- 1249529 醯基(MeS02-)、乙基磺醯基、異丙基磺醯基等]。 名詞”烷氧羰基’’代表特定碳原子數(如Cw烷氧羰基)或此 範圍内之任何數量之本發明羧酸衍生物之直鏈或分支鏈酯 [亦即甲基氧基羰基(MeOCO-)、乙氧羰基或丁氧羰基等]。 ”芳基”意指含環碳之單-或多環芳族環系統。較佳芳基為 單環或雙環6-10員芳族環系統。苯基及萘基為較佳之芳 基。最佳芳基為苯基。 π雜環’’及”雜環基π代表含至少一個選自Ο、S及N之雜原子 且又包含硫之氧化態如SO及so2之飽和或不飽和非芳族環 或環系統。雜環實例包含<四氫吱^ (THF)、二氫呋喃、I,4- ^ κ. 二嘮烷、#啉、1,4_二噻技Γ、哌咩%哌啶:'< 1,3-二氧環戊蜣、
U Cp 口米11坐咬、味唾淋、σ比洛琳、吼σ各ϋ定、四氳喃、二氫σ比喃、 氧硫環戊烷、二硫環戊烷、1,3-二噚烷、1,3-二噻烷、咩噻 烧、硫嗎琳等。:、 π雜芳基’’意指含至少一個選自0、S及Ν之環雜原子之芳 族或部分芳族雜環。因此雜芳基包含稠合至其他種環如芳 基、環烷基及非芳族之雜參之雜笨基。雜芳棊實例包含: Ά〆 σ比洛基、異吟、異嗟唾基、σ比產基、°比4基、吟嗤基、 ρ号二σ坐基、σ塞二嗤基、嗟σ坐基、味σ坐基、三σ坐基、四σ坐基、 夫喃基、三呼基、嗟吩基、0密σ定基、苯并異崎σ坐基、苯并 吟嗤基、苯并嗟σ坐基、苯并嗟二嗤基、二氬苯并吱喃基、 蚓嗓琳基、塔啡基、吲嗤基、異啕σ朵基、二氫苯并嗟吩基、 Ρ弓卜朵ρ井基、17幸琳基、酞啡基、啥嗤淋基、萘咬基、12卡ϋ坐基、 苯并二氧環戊基、喹噚啉基、嘌呤基、呋咕基、異苯并呋 91662.doc -24- 1249529 喃基、苯并味唆基、苯并吱喃基、笨并嗟吩基、喧琳基、 +朵基、異㈣基、二料°夫喃基等。對雜環基及雜芳基 而言’包含含自3-15個原子之環及環系統,形成"環。 ”函素"代表氟、氯、演及碘。氯及氟-般較佳。當函素 取代在炫基或烧氧基時,以就最佳(如㈣⑽仰价 本發明化合物可含一或多個不對稱中心且因此可為消旋 物及消旋混合物、單-對映異構物、非對映異構物混合物 及個別非對映異構物。本發明化合物在式U中標記為*之碳 原子上具有:個不對稱中心。可存在有其他不對稱中心, 視分子上各取代基性質而定。各此種不對稱中心將獨立產 生兩種光學異構物且期望所有可能之光學異構物及混合物 之非對映異構物以及純的或部分純化化合物包含在本發明 範圍内。本發明欲函括所有此種型態之該等化合物。 本文所述之有些化合物含有烯煙雙鍵且除非另有說明, 否則意指包含E及Z幾何異構物兩者。 本文所述有些化合物可存在為互變體,其具有由一或多 個雙鍵移動所伴隨之不同氫鍵結點。例如,嗣及其稀醇態 為酮-浠醇互變體。個別互變體以及其混合物包含在本發明 化合物中。 _式I喊7F㈣化合物結構而無較佳之立體化學性。式關 示在所製備之該等化合物中附接有β胺基酸之胺基之礙原 子上之較佳立體化學性。 該等非對映異構物之獨立合成法或其層析分離法可如本 技藝所知者藉本文所述方法之適當改質予以達成。其絕對 91662.doc -25- 1249529 若需要’該化合物之消旋混合物可經分離因而單離出個 別對映異構物。該分離可藉本技藝已知方法進行,如化人 =:旋:合物偶合至對映異構上純的化合物形成非對映 ”冓物此口物’接著藉標準方法如分段結晶或層析法分離 該個別非對映異構物。該偶合反應經常使用對映里構上純 的酸或驗形冬鹽。該非對映異構衍生物接著可藉使所加入 之對掌性殘基斷裂而轉化成純的對映異構物。該化人物之 消旋混合物亦可直接藉層析方法使用對掌性固定相;以分 離’其為本技藝悉知之方法。 或者’該化合物之任何對映異構物可使用光學純的起始 物或已知組態之試劑藉本技藝已知方法依選擇性合法 得0 " #將了解如本文所述,有關結構式匕化合物意指又包含醫 樂可接受性鹽且又包含當使用作為游離化合物之前驅物或 其醫藥可接受性鹽或在其他合成操作中非醫藥可接受性之 鹽° 本發明化合物可以醫藥可接受性鹽態投藥。名詞,,醫藥可 接受性鹽”代表由醫藥可接受性非毒性鹼或酸所製鹽 類,該酸或鹼包含無機或有機鹼及無機或有機酸。包含在 名詞”醫藥可接受性鹽”内之鹼性化合物之鹽類代表本^明 化合物之非毒性鹽類,其係藉使游離鹼舆適宜有機或無機 91662.doc -26- 1249529 酸反應而製備。本發明鹼性化合物之代表性鹽包含(但不限 於)下列:乙酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、硫酸 氫鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、硼酸鹽、溴化物、樟腦磺酸鹽、碳酸 鹽、氯化物、克拉維酸鹽(clavulanate)、檸檬酸鹽、二鹽酸 鹽、依地酸鹽(edetate)、依地沙酸鹽(edisylate)、依託酸鹽 (estolate)、乙沙酸鹽(esylate)、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、 葡糖酸鹽、榖胺酸鹽、乙醇醯基苯砷酸鹽 (glycollylarsanilate)、己基間苯二紛酸鹽、經基胺鹽、氫溴 酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、羥基萘曱酸鹽、碘化物、羥乙基磺酸鹽、 乳酸鹽、乳醯生物酸鹽(lactobionate)、月桂酸鹽、蘋果酸 鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、扁桃酸鹽、曱烷磺酸鹽、甲基溴化物、 甲基硝酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、黏酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、硝酸鹽、 N-甲基葡糖銨鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(embonate)、 棕櫚酸鹽、泛酸鹽、磷酸鹽/二磷酸鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、 水揚酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、硫酸鹽、次乙酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、鞣 酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、提歐酸鹽(teoclate)、甲苯磺酸鹽、三碘 季銨鹽(triethiadide)及戊酸鹽。再者,當本發明化合物帶有 酸性基團時,其適宜醫藥可接受性鹽包含(但不限於)衍生自 無機驗包含链、錢、約、銅、鐵、亞鐵、經、錤、I孟、亞 猛、舒、納、辞等之鹽。特佳為錢、$弓、鎮、舒及納鹽。 衍生自醫藥可接受性有機非毒性鹼之鹽類包含一級、二級 及三級胺類、環狀胺類及鹼性離子交換樹脂如精胺酸、甜 菜鹼、咖啡因、膽鹼、N,N-二苄基伸乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙胺基乙醇、2-二曱胺基乙醇、乙醇胺、伸乙二胺、N- 91662.doc -27- 1249529 乙基嗎琳、N-乙基娘咬、葡萄糖胺、胺基葡糖芬、組胺酸 海拉胺㈣如―)、異丙胺、離胺酸、甲基葡萄糖胺、 嗎啉、^井、*咬、聚胺樹脂、普卡因、嗓呤、可可豆鹼、 三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、胺基丁三醇等之鹽類。 又,在切明化合物中存在缓酸(-COOH) 3戈醇基之例 中,可使用叛酸衍生物之醫藥可接受性醋如甲酉旨、乙酉旨或 三甲基乙ϋ氧基甲醋或醇之酿基衍生物如乙酸鹽或順 f酸鹽。包含本技藝中用以改良使用作為持續釋出或前藥 调配物之命斤度或水解特性之該等酯類及醯基。 結構式ί化合物之溶劑化物尤其是水合物亦包含在本發 明中。 例舉本發明為實施例及本文中揭示化合物之用途。 本化合物可用於對需抑制二肽基肽酶_IV酵素之病患如 哺乳類抑制該酵素之方法,包括投Η效量之化合物。本 發明有關本文揭示之化合物作為二肽基肽酶·ιν酵素活性 之抑制劑之用途。 、除了莖長類如人類以外,本發明之方法可治療各種其他 哺乳類。例如,可治療哺乳類包含(但不限於)牛、羊、山羊、 馬、狗、貓、天竺鼠、老鼠或其他牛族、羊族、馬族、犬 族、貓族、嚅齒類或鼠科物種。然而,該方法亦可於其他 物種中操作如鳥類物種(如鷄)。 本發明又有關製造用以於人類及動物中抑制二肽基肽酶 -IV酵素活性之醫藥之方法,包括使本發明化合物與醫藥可 接受性載劑或稀釋劑混合。 91662.doc -28- 1249529 本方法中治療之個體一般為 r ,, . ^ ^、寿礼犬員’車父好為人類(男性哎 女性),其需要抑制二肽基 ^ ^ 女1曰 __IV酵素活性者。名詞”治療 有效夏,,意指本化合物解除έ $、 ,、 為糸統、動物或人類之生物 被西、醫樂醫師或其他臨床醫師 所哥未者)之量。 文所用之名詞”組合物”欲包含包括特定量之特定成分 之產物以及直接或間接源自特定量之特定成分組合所得之 任何產物。有關醫藥組合物之此名詞欲包含包括活性成分 及構成該,之惰性成分之產物及直接或間接源自任兩種 或多種成分之複合或凝聚所得之任何產物,或源自一或多 種成分之解離、或源自-或多種成分之其他類型反應或相 互作用之產物。據此’本發明醫藥組合物包含藉由混合本 發明化合物及醫藥可接受性載劑所製得之任何組合物。,,醫 藥可接受性”意指該載體、稀釋劑或賦形劑需與調配物之其 他成份相容且對其處方無不良影響者。 名硐投予化合物應了解意指對需治療之個體提供本發 明化合物或本發明化合物之前藥。 本發明化合物作為二肽基肽酶_;[ v酵素活性之抑制劑之 利用性可藉本技藝已知方法證明。抑制常數測定如下。以 受貝Gly-Pro-AMC進行連縯螢光計分析,其藉Dp_iv斷裂釋 出金光AMC離去基。描述此反應之動力參數如下:Km=5C μΜ ; keat=75 s·1 ·’ WKm=1.5xl06 M_V。典型反應含有約 5〇 州酵 素、50 μΜ Gly-Pro-AMC及緩衝液(1 〇〇 mM HEPES,pH 7.5、 〇· 1耄克/毫升BSA)總反應體積為100微升。於96-洞盤螢光計 91662.doc -29- 1249529 用激备波長3 60 nm及發射波長46 0 nm連續追蹤AMC釋 出。在該等條件下,在25 t逾30分鐘内產生約〇·8 μΜ AMC。該等研究中所用酵素為在桿病毒表現系統 ⑺ae-To-Bac,Gibco BRL)中產生之可溶(轉膜區域及胞漿延 伸除外)人類蛋白質。Gly_Pr〇_AMC&GLp—丨水解之動力常 ^發現與文獻之天_素值—致。為了測量化合物之解離 常數,於含酵素及受質(DMS〇終濃度為1%)之反應中添加抑 制d於DMSO中之溶液。所有實驗使用上述標準反應條件在 室溫進行。為—了測定解離常數(Ki),反應速率藉非線性回歸 套入观爭抑制用之Michaelis-Menton程式。再產生該解離常 數之誤差典型上小於2倍。 尤其,下列實例之化合物再上述分析中抑制二肽基肽酶 -IV酵素之活性一般ICsG小於約! μΜ。此結果為該化合物使 用作為二肽基肽酶4 ν酵素活性之抑制劑中固有活性之指 標。 二肽基肽酶-IV酵素(DP-IV)為與廣範圍生物功能有關聯 之細胞表面蛋白質。其具有寬廣之組織分布(腸、腎、肝、 胰、胎盤、胸腺、脾、表皮細胞、脈管内皮細胞、淋巴及 脊髓細胞、血清)及具有不同之組織及細胞型表現量。Dp_iv 與T細胞活化標記基因CD26相同且可於體外斷裂數種免疫 凋節釗、内分泌及神經學肽。此已提示此肽酶在人類或其 他物種中於各種疾病發展中扮演潛在角色。 據此,本化合物可用於預防或治療下列疾病、障礙及病 況之方法。 91662.doc -30- 1249529 π型糖尿病及相關疾病··腸促胰島素GLP-1及Glp在體内藉 DP-IV快速去活化已被充分建立。以缺乏之小鼠 進订研究及臨床前試驗顯示!)Ρ·Ιλ^φ制作用增加了穩定態 濃度之GLP-1及GIP,導致改善之葡萄糖容忍度。類似於 GLP-1及GIP,同樣地在葡萄糖調節中有關之其他胰高血糖 素家族肽亦藉DP-IV(如PACAP)去活化。該等肽藉Dp_iv之 去活化在葡萄糖等穩性中亦扮演重要角色。因此本發明之 P IV抑制劑在治療II型糖尿病中及在治療及預防經常伴 隨II型糖尿病^之數種病況中具有利用性,該病況包含徵候群 x(亦稱為代謝徵候群)、反應性低血糖症及糖尿病血脂障礙 症。下述之肥胖症為經常發現與„型糖尿病有關之另一病 況,其可以本發明化合物治療。 下列疾病、障礙及病況予2型糖尿病有關且因此可藉本發 明化合物治療而加以治療、控制或在有些例中可被預防: (1)咼血糖症、(2)低葡萄糖容忍度、(3)胰島素抗性、(4)肥 胖症、(5)脂質障礙、(6)血脂障礙症、⑺高脂血症、⑻高 二I甘油酯血症、(9)高膽固醇血症、(1〇^^HDL量、(U) 高LDL量、(12)動脈硬化及其續發症、(13)血管再阻塞、〇句 :激性腸徵候群、(15)發炎性腸疾病包含科隆氏疾病及結腸 潰瘍、(16)其他發炎病況、(17)胰炎、(18)腹部肥胖症、(19) 神經退化疾病、(20)視網膜病變、(21)腎病、(22)神經病變、 (23 )徵候群X、(24)㈣雄性素過多症(多囊性㈣徵候群) 及其中胰島素抗性為一因素之其他障礙。在徵候群χ(亦稱 為代謝徵候群)中,肥胖症被認為會促進胰島素抗性、肥胖 91662.doc -31 - 1249529 症、血脂障礙症、高血壓及增加之心臟血管疾病。因此, DP-IV抑制劑亦可用於治療與此病況有關之高血壓。 肥胖症:DP-IV可用以治療肥胖症。此係基於對食物攝取及 GLP-1及GLP-2之胃部排空所觀察之抑制效果。於人類中藉 外部投予GLP-1明顯地降低食物攝取及減缓胃部排空丨^^· J· Physiol·,277:R910-R916(1999))。對老鼠及小鼠經1(^投 予GLP-1對食物攝取亦有顯著效果(Nature Medicine, 2:1254-125 8(1996))。此進食之抑制作用未見於glP-1R(-") 小鼠中,顯示該等效果係經由腦GLP-1受體調節。類似 GLP-1,同樣地GLP-2亦受DP-IV調節。icV投予GLP-2亦可 抑制食物攝取,類似於GLP-1所觀察之效果(Nature Medicine,6:802-807(2000))。此外,以 DP-IV 缺乏小鼠之研 究提示該等動物對飲食誘發之肥胖症及相關之病理學(如 南肤島素血症)有抗性。 生長激素缺乏症:DP-IV抑制作用可用於治療生長激素缺乏 症,所依據之理論為生長激素釋放因子(GRF)(—種可刺激 生長激素自腦垂體前葉釋出)於體内藉DP-IV酵素斷裂(W0 00/5 6297)。下列數據提供之證據為GRF為内源性受質: (l)GRF於體外有效斷裂產生不活化產物Grf[3-44](BBA 1122:147-153(1992)) ; (2)GRF在血漿中快速降解成 GRF[3-44];此可藉DP-IV抑制劑代普汀(diprotin)A予以預 防;及(3)GRF[3-44]發現於人類GRF轉基因豬之血漿中(J· Clin· Invest·,83:153 3-1540)。因此DP-IV抑制劑可用於被視 為生長激素促泌素之相同適應症。 91662.doc -32- 1249529 腸損傷:對使用治療腸損傷之DP-IV抑制劑之潛力係由顯示 胰高血糖素樣肽-2(GLP-2)(—種DP-IV之類似内源性受質) 可對腸表皮細胞展現營養效果之研究結果所提示 (Regulatory Peptides,90:27-32(2000))。投予GLP-2在嚙齒 類中導致增加之小腸質量並在結腸炎及腸炎之嚙齒類模型 中使腸損傷變弱。 免疫抑制劑:DP-IV可用以調節免疫反應,係依據暗示 DP-IV酵素於T細胞活化作用及於化學激活素過程及於疾病 之活體模型$之DP-IV抑制劑效果之研究。DP-IV已顯示與 CD26相同,為活化免疫細胞之細胞表面標記基因。CD26 之表現受免疫細胞之分化及活化狀態所調節。一般可接受 的是CD26功能係在T細胞活化之體外模型中作為輔刺激分 子。數種細胞激活素在次要位置含有脯胺酸,假定可保護 其免受非特異胺基肽酶降解。許多該等已顯示於體外受 DP-IV被加工。數種例中(RANTES,ΙΧ)78-β MDC,嗜酸細胞趨 化因素(eotaxin)、SDF-Ια),斷裂導致在化學趨化作用及發訊 分析中改變之活性。受體選擇性在有些例中(RANTES)亦似 乎被改質。數種化學激活素之多個N-端鈍化端已於體外細 胞培養系統中被鑑定出,包含DP-IV水解之預測產物。 DP-IV抑制劑已顯示在移植及關節炎之動物模型中為有 效之免疫抑制劑。普地平(?1%〇以口丨1^)(?1*0-?1:〇-二苯基-填酸 酯)(一種DP-IV之可逆抑制劑)顯示在老鼠中雙重心臟異體 移植存活自 7 天達到 14 天(Transplantation,63:1495-1500(1997))。 DP-IV抑制劑已在老鼠之膠原及烷基二胺誘發之關節炎中 91662.doc -33- 1249529 試驗且在此模型中顯示統計學上重要的後爪膨脹弱化作用 [Int. J. Immunopharmacology,19:15-24(1997)及 Immunopharmacology, 40:21-26(1998)]。DP-IV在數種自動免疫疾病包含風濕性關節 炎、多發性硬化、葛雷瓦氏(Graves’)疾病及Hashimotofs甲 狀腺炎中可向上調節。 HIV感染:DP-IV抑制作用可用以治療或預防HIV感染或 AIDS,因為可抑制HIV細胞進入之數種化學激活素對DP-IV 為潛在受質(Immunology Today 20:367-375(1999))。在 SDF-Ια例 中,斷裂減少抗病毒活性(PANS,95:633 1-6(1998))。因此, SDF-la由抑制DP-IV之穩定作用將預期可降低HIV感染力。 造血:DP-IV抑制作用可用於治療或預防造血,因為DP-IV 可能涉及造血。DP-IV抑制劑Val-Boro-Pro在環磷醯胺誘發 之嗜中性白血球減少症之小鼠模型中可刺激造血(WO 99/56753) ° 神經元障礙:DP-IV抑制作用可用於治療或預防各種神經元 或精神病學障礙,因為與各種神經元過程相關之數種肽類 在體外藉DP-IV予以斷裂。因此DP-IV抑制劑在治療神經元 障礙時可具有治療效益。内切嗎啡-2、β卡氏嗎啡 (casomorphin)及物質Ρ均顯示為DP-IV之體外受質。所有例 中,體外斷裂高度有效率,106 ΜΓΥ1。在老鼠無 痛覺模型之電擊跳躍試驗中,DP-ΐν抑制劑顯示明顯效果, 其與外因内切嗎啡-2之存在無關(BrainResearch,815:278-286 (1999)) 〇 DP-IV抑制劑之神經保護及神經再生效果亦可由抑制劑 91662.doc •34- 1249529 保護運動神經元免於刺激毒素細胞死亡之能力、當與ΜΡΤΡ 共同投藥時保護多巴胺能神經元之紋狀神經分配之能力、 及當在ΜΡΤΡ治療後以治療方式給藥而促進紋狀神經分配 密度之復原能力而證明[參見Yong-Q. Wu等人,’’二肽基肽酶 -IV在體外及體内之抑制劑神經保護效果’’,1111:.€〇11£〇11· DipetidylAminopeptidase: Basic Science and Clinical Application,9 月 26- 29 曰,2002 (Berlin,德國)]。 腫瘤侵入及遷移:DP-IV抑制作用可用以治療或預防腫瘤侵 入及遷移,因為在正常細胞轉化成惡性表型期間觀察到數 種異肽酶包含DP-IV之表現增加或減少(J. Exp. Med·, 190:301-305 (1999))。該等蛋白質向上或向下調節作用似乎對 組織及細胞類型特異。例如,增加之CD26/DP-IV表現已在 T細胞淋巴瘤、T細胞急性淋巴胚細胞淋巴瘤、細胞-衍生之 胸腺癌瘤、基底細胞癌瘤及乳癌瘤中觀察到。因此,DP-IV 抑制劑在治療此等癌瘤中具有利用性。 良性前列腺肥大:DP-IV抑制作用可用以治療良性前列腺肥 大,因為自患有BPH之病患之前列腺組織中發現到增加之 DP-IV活性(Eur· J. Clin· Chem. Clin· Biochem·,30:333-338 (1992))。 精子移動性/男性避孕:DP-IV抑制作用可用於改變精子移 動性及用於男性避孕,因為在對精子移動性具重要性之精 液、前列腺體、前列腺衍生之小器官中帶有極高量之DP-IV 活性(Eur· J· Clin· Chem. Clin· Biochem·,30:333-338 (1992))。 齒齦炎:DP-IV抑制作用可用以治療齒齦炎,因為DP-IV活 性發現於齒齦縫流體中且在有些研究中與牙週疾病嚴重性 91662.doc -35- 1249529 有關(Arch. Oral. Biol., 37:167-173 (1992))。
骨質疏鬆症:DIMV抑制作用可用於治療或預防骨質疏鬆 症,因為GIP受體存在於骨母細胞中。 A 本發明化合物在治療或預防—或多種下列病況或疾病中 具有利用性:(1)高血糖症、(2)低葡萄糖容忍度、(3)胰島素 抗性、(4)肥胖症、(5)脂質障礙、(6)血脂障礙症、(7)=脂 血症、(8)高三酸甘油酯血症、(9)高膽固醇血症、 ϊ、(11)高LDL量、(12)動脈硬化及其續發症、(13)血管再 阻塞、(14)刺_激性腸徵候群、(15)發炎性腸疾病包含科隆氏 疾病及結腸潰癌、⑽其他發炎病況、(17)姨炎、⑽腹部 肥胖症、(19)神經退化疾病、(2〇)視網膜病變' (21)腎病、 (22)神經病變、(23)徵候群χ、(2句卵巢雄性素過多症(多囊 性印巢徵候群)、(25)11型糖尿病、(26)生長激素缺乏症、(27) 嗜中性白血球減少症、(28)神經元障礙、(29)腫瘤遷移、 良性刖列腺肥大、(32)齒齦炎、(33)高血壓、(34)骨質疏鬆 症及可藉抑制DP-IV而治療或預防之其他病況。 本化合物又可與其他藥劑組合用於預防或治療前述疾 病、障礙及病況之方法中。 本發明化合物可與一或多種其他藥劑組合用以治療、預 防、抑制或舒緩疾病或病況,其為式〗化合物或其他藥物具 有利用性之疾病或病況,其中藥物一起組合投藥比單獨一 種更安王或更有效率。此其他藥物可藉其慣用之路徑及用 /、气化a物同日^或依序投藥。當式I化合物與一或多種 八他$ 4同日可使用時,較好為含此其他藥物及式^化合物之 91662.doc _ 36 - 1249529 單位劑型之醫藥組合物。然而,該組合治療亦可包含其中 式I化合物與一或多種藥物以不同重疊療程投藥之治療。亦 期望當與一或多種其他活性成分組合使用時,本發明化合 物及其他活性成分可以比各單獨使用時更低劑量使用。據 此,本發明之醫藥組合物包含除了式I化合物以外尚含有一 或多種其他活性成分者。 可使式I化合物組合投藥(分別投藥或於相同組合物中)之 其他活性成分實例包含(但不限於)·· (a) 其他二肽基肽酶IV(DP-IV)抑制劑; (b) 胰島素敏化劑包含(i)PPARy激動劑如齊塔宗 (glitazone)(如托齊塔宗(troglitazone)、皮齊塔宗(pioglitazone)、 音齊塔宗(englitazone)、MCC-555、羅希齊塔宗(rosiglitazone) 等)及其他PPAR配位體包含PPARa/γ雙激動劑如KRP-297及 PPARa激動劑如芳氧芳酸衍生物(葛非伯奇(gemfibrozil)、羅非 伯特(clofibrate)、非諾非伯特(fenofibrate)及貝查非伯特 (bezafibrate)) ; (ii)雙脈類如美法明(metformin)及吩法明 (phenformin);及(iii)蛋白質酿胺酸鱗酸酶-IB (ΡΤΡ- 1B)抑制劑; (c) 胰島素或擬胰島素; (d) 績驢基尿素及其他胰島素促泌素如妥丁酸胺 (tolbutamide)、甘胺布萊(glyburide)、葛利比齋(glipizide)、葛美 吼咬(glimepiride)及美格替奈(meglitinide)如雷帕葛奈 (repaglinide); (e) a·配糖酶抑制劑(如阿卡代糖(acarbose)及米葛醇 (miglitol)); 91662.doc -37- 1249529 (f) 胰高血糖素受體拮抗劑如W〇98/04528、WO 99/01423、WO 00/39088 及 WO 00/69810所述者; (g) GLP-l、GLP-1擬藥及GLP-1受體激動劑如WO 00/42026及 WOOO/59887所述者; (h) GIP及GIP擬藥如WO 00/58360所述者及GIP受體激動 劑; (i) PACAP、PACAP擬藥及 PACAP 受體激動劑如 WO 01/23420 所述者; (j) 膽固醇降低劑如(i)HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑(羅瓦斯達 汀(lovastatin)、希瓦斯達汀(simvastatin)、帕瓦斯達汀 (pravastatin)、色瓦斯達汀(cerivastatin)、氟瓦斯達汀(fluvastatin)、 阿按瓦斯達汀(atorvastatin)、它瓦斯達汀(itavastatin)及羅蘇瓦斯 達汀(rosuvastatin)及其他斯達汀類);(ii)多價螯合劑(如消膽 胺、可雷替醇(colestipol)及交聯葡聚糖之二烷胺基烷基衍生 物);(iii)菸鹼醯醇、菸鹼酸或其鹽;(iv)PPARa激動劑如芳 氧芳酸衍生物(葛非伯奇(gemfibrozil)、羅非伯特(clofibrate)、 非語非伯特(fenofibrate)及貝查非伯特(bezafibrate)) ; (v) PPARa/γ 雙重激動劑如KRP-297 ; (vi)膽固醇吸收抑制劑如β-谷留醇及 齊肽麥(ezetimibe) ; (iv) S藍基CoA:膽固醇醯基轉移酶抑制劑如 瓦酿麥(avasimibe);及(viii)抗氧化劑如普布醇(probucol); (k) PPAR 5激動劑如WO 97/28149所述者; (l) 抗肥胖症化合物如吩氟胺(fenfluramine)、代吩氟胺 (dexfenfluraminee)-吩特胺(phentermine)、希布按胺 (sibutramine)、歐列斯特(orlistat)、神經肽Yi或Y5拮抗劑、 91662.doc -38- 1249529 CB-1受體逆激動劑及拮抗劑、β3腎上腺素能受體激動劑、 黑色激素(melanocortin)受體激動劑,尤其是黑色激素_4受 體激動劑、ghrelin拮抗劑及黑色素濃縮激素(Mch)受體拮 抗劑; (m)迴腸膽汁酸傳遞抑制劑; (η)用於發炎病況之藥劑如阿斯匹靈、非固醇消炎藥、糖 皮質激素、阿i非淀(azulfidine)及選擇性環氧酶_2抑制劑; (〇)抗南血壓劑如A C E抑制劑(因納寧(enalapril)、利斯諾寧 (lisinopril)、t 普寧(captopril)、喹納普(qUinapril)、坦索吡 (tandolapril))、A-II受體阻斷劑(羅沙坦(i〇sartan)、肯多沙坦 (candesartan)、艾貝沙坦(irbesartan)、瓦沙坦(valsartan)、肽米 沙坦(telmisartan)、艾普沙坦(eprosartan))、β阻斷劑及鈣通道阻 斷劑;及 (Ρ)葡糖激酶活化劑(GKAs)。 可予本發明式I化合物組合之二肽基肽酶-IV抑制劑包含 述於 W0 03/004498 (2003 年 1 月 16 日);W0 03/004496 (2003 年 1 月 16 日);EP 1 25S476 (2002年 11 月 20 日);WO 02/083128 (2002年 1 0 月 24 日);WO 02/062764 (2002 年 8 月 15 日);WO 03/000250 (2003 年 1 月 3 日);WO 03/002530 (2003 年 1 月 9 日);WO 03/002531 (2003 年 1 月 9 曰);WO 03/002553 (2003 年 1 月 9 曰);WO 03/002593 (2003 年 1 月 9 曰);W〇 03/000180 (2003 年 1 月 3 曰);及 WO 03/000181 (2003年1月3日)者。特定之DP-IV抑制劑化合物包含異白胺 酸噻唑啶;NVP-DPP728 ; P32/98 ; P93/01 ;及 LAF237。 可與結構式I化合物組合之抗肥胖症化合物包含吩氟 91662.doc -39- 1249529 胺、代吩氟胺、吩特胺、希布托胺、歐列斯特、神經肽丫! 或Y5拮抗劑、大麻類CB-1受體拮抗劑或逆激動劑、褪黑激 素受體激動劑,尤其是褪黑激素-4受體激動劑、飢餓激素 (ghrelin)拮抗劑及黑色素濃縮激素(MCH)受體拮抗劑。可與 結構式I化合物組合之抗肥胖症化合物概述見於S. Chaki等 人’’進食抑制劑之最近進展··治療肥胖症之前在治療策略", Expert Opin· Ther· Patents,11:1677-1692 (2001)及 D. Spanswick 及 K· Lee,n 萌發之抗肥胖症藥物 ”,Expert Opin· Emerging Drugs,8:217-237 (2003)。 可使結構式I化合物組合之神經肽Y5拮抗劑包含述於美 國專利號 6,335,345(2002年 1月 1 日)及WO 01/14376(2001 年 3月 1 日)者;及稱為 GW 598 84Α ; GW 5 69180Α ; LY 366377 ; 及CGP-71683A之特定化合物。 可與結構式I化合物組合之大麻類CB1受體拮抗劑包含述 於WO 03/007887 ;美國專利號5,624,941如利莫納頒 (rimonabant) ; PCT公告號 WO 02/076949 如 SLV-3 19 ;美國 專利號 6,028,084; PCT公告號 WO 98/41519; PCT公告號 WO 00/10968 ; PCT公告號WO 99/02499 ;美國專利號 5,532,237 ;及美國專利號5,292,736所述者。 可與結構式I化合物組合之褪黑激素受體激動劑包含述 於 WO 03/009847(2003 年 2 月 6 曰);WO 02/068388(2002年 9 月 6 日);WO 99/64002(1999年 12月 16 日);WO 00/74679(2000 年 12 月 14 曰);WO 01/70708(2001 年 9 月 27 曰);及 WO 01/703 37(2001年9月27日)者以及揭示於J.D. Speake等人” 91662.doc -40- 1249529 發展褪黑激素-4受體激動劑之最近進展”,Expert 〇pin. Ther.
Patents,12:1631-1638(2002)者。 治療糖尿病之葡糖激酶(GKAs)之安全及有效活化劑之潛 在利用性討論於j· Grimsby等人,,’葡糖激酶之別構活化 劑·於糖尿病治療中之潛在角色”,Sdence,3〇1:37〇_373 (2㈨$。 上述組合不僅包含本發明化合物與其他活性化合物之組 合,亦包含與兩種或多種活性化合物之組合。非限制實例 包含式I化合物與兩種或多種選自雙胍、磺醯基尿素、 hmg-coa還原酶抑制齊卜PPAMJt動齊卜ρτρ_ΐΒ抑制劑、 其他DP-IV抑制劑及抗肥胖症化合物所組成組群之活性化 合物之組合。
颂似地’本發明化合物可與可用以治療/預防/壓抑或舒 本發明化合物可用之疾病或病況之其他藥物組合使用。 其他藥物可藉其所慣用之路徑及量投藥,可同時或依序 “ι月化σ物起投樂。當本發明化合物與—或多種其/ 藥劑同時使用時,較好為除了本發明化合物以外又含t 其他樂劑之醫藥組合物。據此,本發明之醫藥組合物包/
除了本發明化合物以外朮A 亦3有一或多種其他活性成分者。
夂^月化合物對該第二活性成分之重量比可變化且將(I :成分之有效劑量而定。通常使用各成分之有效劑量。g 彳胃本I ^化合物與其他藥劑組合時,本發明化人ψ 門,私 片1之重!比一般在約ι_··ι至約1:1_之袭 二好約200:1至約1:2⑽。本發明化合物及其他 之組合—般亦在前述範_,但各財,應使用各活^ 91662.doc -41 - 1249529 分之有效劑量。 —此組合中’本發明化合物及其他活性劑可分 樂。此外,一元素可在其他藥劑 1 次门日才奴 , 市别、同日T或依序指玆 务明化合物可藉口服、非經腸道(如肌肉内、腹膜 靜脈内、1C V、腦池内注射或冠 、、 吸入喷霧、鼻"道内::腸二皮下::或植入)、藉 -5J- . 舌下或局部路徑投藥且 早獨或-起調配成含習知適於各路徑投藥 〜 可接受性載劑、佐劑及載體之適宜劑量單位調配物。:; :療溫血動物如小鼠、老鼠、馬、牛、羊、狗、猶、猴子 寻以外,本發明化合物可有效用於人類。 θ用以投予本發明化合物之醫藥組合物宜以劑量單位劑型 如出且可错醫藥領域悉知之方法製備。所有方法包含使活 性成分與構成一或多種輔助成分之載劑混合。通常,ρ 藥組合物係藉均句及緊密地使活性成分與液體載劑或細: 散固體載劑或兩者混合,且接著弱需幾使產物成型為所需 調配物。在醫藥組合物中,活性主化華包含量為對疾病 之發展或病況足以產生所需效果者。本文所用之”組合物” 欲包含包括特定量之特定成分之產物以及直接或間接由組 合特定量之特定成分所得之任何產物。 含活性成分之醫藥組合物可呈適於口服用途之劑型,例 如錠劑、糖錠、片劑、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散粉劑或 顆粒乳液、硬或軟膠囊、或糖漿或甘甜劑。欲供口服 才又7Κ之組合物可依據製造醫藥組合物領域之任何已知方法 製備且此組合物可含有一或多種選自由甜味劑、矯味劑、 91662.doc -42- 1249529
著色劑及保存劑所組成組群之藥劑已提供醫藥愉悅且美味 之製劑。錠劑含活性成分與適用於製造錠劑之非毒性醫藥 可接又f生賦形劑之混合物。該等賦形劑可為例如惰性稀釋 劑如碳酸〶、錢納、乳糖、鱗酸約或鱗酸納,·造粒及崩 解劑例如玉米澱粉或褐藻酸;黏合劑例如澱粉、明膠或阿 拉伯膠;及潤滑劑例如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石。錠劑可 未經包衣或可藉已知技術包衣以延長在胃腸道中之崩解及 吸收且因此提供長期之持續活性。例如可利用時間延遲材 料,單硬脂酸甘油_或二硬脂酸甘油酯。其亦可藉美國專 利號4,256,1G8; 4,166,452及4,265,874所述技術包衣而形成 供控制釋出之滲透治療錠劑。 口服使用之調配物亦可為硬明膠膠囊,其中活性成分與 惰性固體稀釋劑例如碳酸转、碟酸詞或高嶺土混合,或為 軟明膠膠囊’其中活性成分與水或油介質例如花生油、液 體石躐或撖欖油混合。
/性料液含有陳成分與㈣於製造水性懸浮液之 u之此合物。此賦形劑為懸浮劑例如缓甲基纖維素納 甲基纖維素、羥基-丙基纖維素、褐藻酸鈉、聚乙烯-吡洛 酉同,、a膠及阿拉伯膠;分散劑或濕潤劑可為天然鱗脂 如㈣脂或環氧烧與脂肪酸之縮合產物例如聚氧乙稀硬 酸醋,氧乙院與長鏈脂族醇之縮合產物,例如十七 伸乙基氧綠虫鼠醇、或擾_ 7 ^知 一次%氧乙烷與衍生自脂肪酸及己糖醇 部分醋之縮合產物如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇單油酸自旨、或環 乙烧與衍生自脂肪酸及己糖醇酸肝之部分酯之縮合產物 91662.doc •43- 1249529 士承乙烯山梨糖醇酐單油酸酯。該水性懸浮液亦可含有 —或多種保存劑例如對.《苯甲酸乙I旨或正丙s旨、-或多 種著色劑、—或多_味劑、及—或多種甜味劑如薦糖或 糖精。 油懸浮夜之調配可使活性成分懸浮於植物油中,例如花 “撖杬油芝麻油或椰子油中或懸浮於礦物油如液體 石蠟中。該油性懸浮液可含有增稠劑例如蜜蠟、硬石心 _^可添加如上述之甜味劑及矯味劑以提供愉悅之口 服製劑。該?組合物可藉添加抗氧化劑如抗壞血酸予以保 存。 ’、 適用於藉添加水而製備水性分散液之可分散粉劑及顆粒 hJ係以與为政劑或濕潤劑、懸浮劑及一或多種保存劑之混 合物提供該活性成分。適宜分散劑劑及料劑舉例 上述者。亦可存在其他賦形劑例如甜味劑、矯位劑及著 色劑。 本發明之醫藥組合物亦可呈水包油之乳液劑型。該油相 可為植物油例如橄欖油或花生油或礦物油例如液體石蠟或 该等之混合物。適宜乳化劑可為天然膠例如阿拉伯膠或黃 耆膠、天然磷脂例如大豆、卵磷脂及衍生自脂肪酸及己糖 醇酸酐之酯或部分酯例如山梨糖醇酐單油酸酯、及該部分 酯與環氧乙烷之縮合產物例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐單油酸 酉旨。該乳液亦可含甜味劑及矯味劑。 糖漿及甘甜劑可以甜味劑例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇 或蔗糖調配。此調配物亦可含保濕劑、保存劑及矯味及著 91662.doc -44- 1249529 色劑。 —/ w市、、’且口物可成殺菌可注射水性或油性懸浮液。此懸 浮液可依據本技藝以之古 " 法使用上述之該等適宜分散或濕 =及懸浮劑調配。該殺菌可注射製劑亦可為於非毒性非 、s、可接又f生稀釋劑或溶劑中之殺菌可注射溶液或懸浮 ^例如於丨,3·了二醇巾之毅。可狀該可接受性載體及 洛劑為水、林格氏溶液及等張氯化納溶液。此外,習知使 用破囷固定油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。就此目的而言,可利 用任何廠牌之固定油包含合成單·或二縮水甘油s旨。此外, 脂肪酸如油酸發現可用於可注射製劑中。 本發明化合物亦可以栓劑劑型經直腸投予藥物。該等挺 合物可藉混合藥物與在常溫為固體但在直腸溫度為液體因 而在直腸中可融解釋出該藥物之適宜無刺激性賦型劑混合 而製備。此物質為可可奶油及聚乙二醇。 就局部投藥而言,可利用含本發明化合物之乳霜、軟膏、 /東賞、溶液或懸浮液等(就此應用目的而言,局部塗佈應包 含漱口液及漱口藥)。 ^ 般用於治療上述病 本發明之醫藥組合物及方法又包括一 理病況之本文所述之其他活性化合物。 治療或預防需要抑制二肽基肽酶_IV酵素活性之病況 中’適宜劑量通常約0.01至500毫克/公斤病患體重/天,其 可以單-劑量或多劑量投藥。較好該劑量約Gi至約25〇毫 克/公斤/天;更好約〇.5至約100毫克/公斤/天。適宜劑量可 為約0.01至250毫克/公斤/天,約〇〇5至1〇〇毫克/公斤/天, 91662.doc -45- 1249529 或約〇·1至約50毫克/公斤/天。在 在此乾圍内该劑1可為〇.〇5 至〇·5、〇·5至5或5至50毫房/ · 毛兄/ a斤/天。就口服投藥而言,节 組合物較好以含1.0至1〇⑽毫 μ 供,特別是1.0、5.0、100、15〇,^ υ·υ 15.0、20·〇、25.0、50.0、75 〇、 100.0、15〇 〇、2〇〇 〇、25 · • 300.0、400·0、500.0、6〇〇 q、 75〇·〇、8〇〇·〇、900.0及 l〇〇0 ± _ ·、 、 汉丨⑽0·0^克活性成分,對欲治療之病 患視病徵調整。該化合物可 ^ j以母天1至4次療程投藥,較好 母天一或兩次。 當治療或預防糖尿病及/式古 、 — 内夂/次回血糖症或高三酸酐油酯血 症或其他本發明化合物 、 刃』週應之疾病時,在本發明化合物 以約〇·1毫克至約1〇〇毫. 見/Α斤動物體重之日劑量投藥時, 又侍令人滿意之結果’較好以單一曰劑量或每天分兩次至 六次之分劑量投藥’或以持續釋出劑型投藥。對大部分大 哺乳類而言,總日劑I白 ^ J里自約ιο宅克至約1000毫克,較好約 1笔克至約5 〇晕克。在7 Q公4 士 Α斤成人之例中,總日劑量通常約 7笔克至約3 5 0毫支。丨t卜為丨β 士 見此剡ϊ療程可予以判斷以提供最適 療反應。. 〜 的而而了解對任何特定病患之投藥特定量及次數將為可 隨數種因素而定,包含所用化合物活性、該化合物 之代谢安定性及作用時間、 人 1 年鋅、一般健康狀態、性別、 飲食、投藥模式及時間、八 ^ π刀/必速率、藥物組合、特定病況 之嚴重性、及經歷治療之宿主。 製備本發明化合物之鉍括七、本 之數種方法說明於下列反應圖及實 例。起始物依據本技蓺 、 κ已知私序或如本文所述般製備。 91662.doc -46- 1249529 本發明化合物可自β胺基酸中間物如式II所示者及經取 代之六氫二吖庚因酮中間物如式m所示者使用標準肽偶合 條件接著去保護而製備。該等中間物之製備述於下列反應 圖0
Π III 其中Ar、R :R、、r8&r9如上述定義且p為適宜氮保護 基如第三丁氧羰基(B〇c)、苄氧基羰基(Cbz)或9_苟基甲氧 基幾基(Fmoc)。 反應圓1 Ρ、Η
Ar
1) /BuOCOCI, Et3N 2) CH2N2 3) PhC〇2Ag
式II化合物為商業獲得、文獻已知者或可藉各種本技藝 悉知之方法製備。一普遍路徑說明於反應圖丨。經保護之α -月女基酸1(其可為商業獲得或易使用例如二碳酸二-第三丁 酯(對P=BOC而言)、羰苄氧基氯(對P=Cbz而言)或^(心芴基 甲氧基^氧基)丁 一 S藍亞胺(對p==Fmoc而言)。藉保護作用自 對應胺基酸製備)與氯曱酸異丁酯及鹼如三乙胺或N,N_二 兴丙基乙基胺反應,接著與重氮曱烧反應。所得重氮酮接 著與苯甲酸銀在溶劑如曱醇或含水二噚烷中處理,且可依 91662.doc -47- 1249529 循Sewald等人,Synthesis, 837(1997)之程序進行聲振以提 供β胺基酸II。如熟知本技藝者所了解,對製備對映異構純 的β胺基酸II而言,可使用對映異構純的α胺基酸1。經保護 之β-胺基酸中間物II之另一路徑可見於下列概述:Ε· Juaristi,β-胺基酸之對映選擇性合成,Wiley-VCH編輯, 紐約:1997 ; Juaristi等人,Aldrichimica Acta,27:3(1994); 及 Cole 等人,四面體,32:9517 (1994)。 反應圖2 h2n
HC1 2 C02Me .+
1) NaOH/H2O,70oC 2) 〇(〇)0虫11)2
Boc
4 h2n
H2, Pt〇2
CHCh, EtOH h2n
n?x〇2h 6
002ΜΘ R8 LiOH THF/MeOH
CH9CI'
R4 R80 H h、N NH
二口咢烧 or TFA/CHoCl· 式III化合物可為商業獲得、文獻中已知或可藉本技藝熟 知之各種方法製備。其中R1為氳之一便利方法示於反應圖 2。胺基酯2(宜使用其鹽酸鹽)與丙烯腈i縮合且所形成產物 之胺基保護為例如其第三丁氧羰基(Boc)衍生物,獲得4, 91662.doc -48- 1249529 其還原成一級胺5。5環化成N-保護之六氫二阿庚因綱7可使 用三甲基鋁進行。或者,胺基酯5可水解成酸6且使用胺基 酸偶合試劑如EDC環化獲得中間物7。在例如B〇c之例中藉 酸如鹽酸在二呤烷或三氟乙酸在二氯甲烷中處理而去保罐 獲得中間物Ilia。 反應圖3
DIPEA, CH2CI2
製備六氫二吖庚因酮Illb(其中R5、R8及R9為氫)之另一方 法示於反應圖3。α -酮基酸[如丙酮酸可予胺基丙腈兒縮合 獲得氫基乙基氧代丙醯胺,其可以還原劑如氧化鉑及氫 還原性環化成六氫二吖庚因酮inb。 反應圖4
R4 R8 BocN
Ο NH R5
1. NaH, DMF 2. R1 丨或 R1Br
91662.doc -49 1249529
六氫二吖庚因酮III與其合成之中間物可以各種方式改 質。例如中間物7(如反應圖2所示般製備)之醯胺氮可藉鹼如 氫化納去保護而烷化,接著乙烷基鹵化物處理,如反應圖4 所示。所得中間物11去保護獲得中間物III。
BocN
反應圖5 1. LDA, THF 2· R4丨或 R4B「 R5>^ 12 (3. LDA, THF) (4. R8I or R8Br) 5.二噚烷
另一此貫例說明於反應圖5。經保護之六氫二吖庚因酉同 12(其可如反應圖4中R4及R8為氫之合成中間物丨丨所述般製 備或自反應圖3使其中R5為氫之中間物nia保護而製備)可 使用鹼如LDA烷化接著以各種烷基_化物處理。此方法可 重複以導入第二烧基R8。去保護獲得中間物HI。 反應圖6
EDC, HOBt, DMF 或 HATU,H〇At,DMF 或肽偶合 91662.doc -50-
III
II 1249529
去保護 如,TFA/CH2CI2 對 ρ = b〇c
Ar
R5(Ο
中間物π及m在標準肽偶合條件下偶合,例如使用^乙基 -3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳二酿亞胺及卜經基苯并三咕 (EDC/HOBT)或0-(7-氮雜苯并三唾jdan’n'n、四甲基 獲得所需胺I。該產物若需要藉再結晶 脲鏆六氟填酸鹽及1-經基_7_氮雜苯并三唾(hatu/h〇at)在 溶劑如N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(,或二氯甲烷中在周圍溫度 偶合3至48小時,獲得中間物13,如反應圖6所示。有些例 中,中間物III可為鹽如鹽酸鹽或三氟乙酸鹽,且該等例中, 宜添加鹼一般為N,N-二異丙基乙基胺至偶合反應中。接著 在Boc之例中以例如三氟乙酸或甲醇氯化氫移除該保護基 、分散、製備性薄層 層析、矽膠上快速層析如Biotage®裝置或HPLC醇化。藉 HPLC純化之化合物可單離為對應鹽。中間物之純化以相同 方式達成。 有些例中,上述反應圖中說明之產物ϊ或合成中間物可進 一步藉例如對ArR^R4或R5上之取代基操作而改質。該 等操作可包含(但不限於)本技藝悉知之還原、氧化、烧化、 醯化及水解反應。 91662.doc -51- 1249529 有些例中’進行前述反應圖之順序可改變以加速反應或 避免不欲之反應產物。提供下列實例使得更了解本發明。 該等實例僅說明用途且應不用以限制本發明。 中間物1
(3R)·3·[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基】_4-(2,5二氟苯基)丁酸 步驟A : (R,S)_N_(第三丁氧羰基)-2,5-二氟苯基丙胺酸 於〇·5克(2.49毫莫耳)之2,5-二氟七L_苯基丙胺酸之5毫升 第二丁醇溶液中,依序添加丨.5毫升2N氫氧化鈉水溶液及 543 ¾克二碳酸二-第三丁酯。反應在周圍溫度攪拌“小時 並以乙酸乙酯稀釋。有機相依序以以鹽酸及食鹽水洗滌, 以石瓜&L鎂脫水及真空濃縮。粗物質藉快速層析(石夕膠, 二氯甲烧:甲醇:乙酸)純化,獲得標題化合物。 MS 302(M+1)。 步称B: (R,S)_3·[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基】小重氮_4_(2,5_ -一氣-苯基)丁-2 -嗣 於2·23克(7.4毫莫耳a(r,s)_n_(第三丁氧幾基)_2,5_二氣 苯基丙胺酸之100毫升乙醚溶液中,在〇t:依序添加137毫 升毫莫耳)三乙胺及0.931毫升(75毫莫耳)氯甲酸第^ 丁酯且反應在此溫度攪拌15分鐘。接著添加重氮甲烷之冷 卻乙㈣液直至持續黃色並繼續授拌16小時。藉滴加以酸 91662.doc -52- 1249529 捕捉過量重氮曱烷,且反應以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序以5%鹽 酸、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及食鹽水洗滌,以硫酸鎂脫水並 真空濃縮。藉快速層析(矽膠,4:1己烷:乙酸乙酯)純化獲得 重氮酮。 'HNMR (500 MHz? CDC13) δ 7.03-6.95 (m? 1H)? 6.95-6.88 (m5 2H)9 5.43 (bs? 1H),5.18 (bs,1H),4.45 (bs,1H),3.19-3.12 (m,1H),2·97·2·80 (m,1H),L38 (s? 9H) 步驟C : (3R)_3_[(第三丁氧幾基)胺基]_4-(2,5·二氟苯基)丁酸 於2.14克(6·58毫莫耳)之(R,S)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺 基]-1 ·重氮-本-(2,5 -二就-苯基)丁溶於1〇〇毫升甲醇之 溶液中,在-30°C下依序添加3.3毫升(19毫莫耳)二異丙基乙 胺及302毫克(1·32毫莫耳)苯甲酸銀。反應攪拌9〇分鐘後, 以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序以2Ν鹽酸、飽和碳酸氫納水溶液及 食鹽水洗務。有機相以硫酸鎮脫水,真空濃縮並藉製備性 對掌HPLC(Chiralpak AD管柱,5%乙醇之己烷)分離對映異 構物,獲得550毫克所需(R)-對映異構物,其首先溶離出。 此物質溶於50毫升四氫呋喃:曱醇:1N氫氧化鋰水溶液之 混合物(3:1:1)中並在50°C攪拌4小時。反應冷卻,以5%稀鹽 酸酸化並以乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機相以食鹽水洗條, 以硫酸鎂脫水並真空濃縮,獲得白色泡沫固體之標題化合 物。 4 NMR (500 MHz,CDC13) δ 7.21 (m,1H),6·98 (m,2H),6.10 (bs,1H), 5·〇5 (m,1H),4.21 (m,1H),2.98 (m,2H),2·60 (m,2H),1·38 (s,9H) 91662.doc -53- 1249529 中間物2
(31^)-3-[(第二丁氧幾基)胺基卜4-[2_氟_4-(三氟甲基)苯基】 丁酸 步驟 A ·· (2R,5S)·2,5-二氫二甲氧基_2_(2,_氟-4,_(三 氟甲基)苄基)_5_異丙基〇比呼 於3·32克(18毫莫耳)之市售(2S)_2,5_二氫_3,卜二曱氧基 •2-異丙基吡畊之1〇〇毫升四氫呋喃溶液中,在_7〇。〇下添加 12毫升(19毫莫耳)之1·6Μ丁基鋰之己烷溶液。在此溫度攪 拌20分鐘後,添加5克(19.5毫莫耳)之2-氟-4-三氟甲基节基 溴之20毫升四氫呋喃溶液並繼續攪拌3小時後,使反應溫度 >J2L至周圍、/JIZL度。反應以水驟冷’真空濃縮並以乙酸乙酯萃 取。合併之有機相以食鹽水洗滌,脫水及真空濃縮。藉快 速層析(矽膠,0-5%乙酸乙酯之己烷)純化獲得標題化合物。 !HNMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.33-7.25 (m? 3H)? 4.35-431 (m? 1H)? 3.75 (s? 3H),3·65 (s,3H),3.60 (t,lH,J=3.4 Hz),3.33 (dd,1H,J=4.6, 13.5 Hz),3.03 (dd,1H,J=7, 13.5 Hz),2.25-2.15 (m,1H),1.0 (d,3¾ J=7 Hz),0·66 (d,3H, J=7 Hz) 步驟B : (R)_N-(第三丁氧羰基)-2-氟-4-三氟曱基-苯基 丙胺酸甲酯 91662.doc -54- 1249529 於含5·5克(15毫莫耳)之(2R,5S)-2,5-二氫-3,6_二甲氧基 -2-(2’·氟-4’-(三氟甲基)苄基異丙基σ比畊之5〇毫升乙腈·· 二氯甲烷(10:1)混合物之溶液中,添加80毫升1Ν三氟乙酸水 溶液。反應攪拌6小時且有機溶劑藉抽真空移除。添加碳酸 鈉直至溶液為鹼性(>ΡΗ 8)接著反應以100毫升四氫呋喃稀 釋並添加10克(46耄莫耳)二竣酸二-第三丁酯。所得漿料攪 拌16小時,真空濃縮並以乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機相以 食鹽水洗滌,脫水及真空濃縮。藉快速層析(矽膠,乙 酸乙酯之己巧)純化獲得標題化合物。 4 NMR (500 MHz,CDC13) δ 7·38_7·28 (m,3Η),5.10 (bd5 1Η),4.65-3.98 (m,1H),3.76 (s,3H),3.32-3.25 (m,1H),3.13-3.05 (m,1H),1.40 (s,9H) 步驟C : (R)_N_(第三丁氧羰基)-2-氟-4_三氟甲基_苯基 丙胺酸 5·1克(14毫莫耳)之(r,S)_n_(第三丁氧羰基)_2_氟_4_三氟 甲基-苯基丙胺酸甲酯之35〇毫升之四氫呋喃:甲醇:in氫氧 化鋰(3:1:1)混合物之溶液在5(rc攪拌*小時。反應予以冷 卻,以5%鹽酸酸化並以乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機相以食 鹽水洗滌,以硫酸鎂脫水並真空濃縮獲得標題化合物。 W NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD) δ 7.45-7.38 (m,3H),4.4Φ4.40 (m,1H), 3.38-3.33 (m,1H),2.98 (dd,1H,J=9.6, 13.5 Hz), 1.44 (s,9H) 步驟D : (3R)_3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基】_4_[2_氟_4_(三氟 甲基)苯基】丁酸 於含3.4克(9.7¾莫耳)之步驟c產物之6〇毫升四氫呋喃溶 液中,在〇°C依序添加2.3毫升(13毫莫耳)二異丙基乙胺及 91662.doc -55- 1249529 1.7毫升(13毫莫耳)之氯甲酸異丁酯且反應在此溫度攪拌% 分鐘。接著添加冷卻之重氮甲烷乙醚溶液直至持續黃色並 繼續攪拌16小時。藉滴加乙酸捕捉過量重氮甲烷且反應以 乙酸乙醋稀釋並依序以5°/。鹽酸、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及食 鹽水洗條,以硫酸鎮脫水並真空濃縮。藉快速層析(矽膠, 9:1己烷:乙酸乙酯)純化,獲得〇·5克重氮酮。於溶解於1〇〇 晕升甲醇之〇·5克(1.33¾吴耳)重氮酮之溶液中,在〇。。下依 序添加0.7毫升(4毫莫耳)二異丙基乙胺及32毫克(〇13毫莫 耳)苯甲酸銀―。反應攪拌2小時後,以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序 以2N鹽酸、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及食鹽水洗滌。有機相以 硫酸鎮脫水’真空濃縮並溶於5 0毫升四氫咬喃:甲醇:1 n氣 氧化鋰水溶液(3:1:1)之混合物中,且在5〇°C攪拌3小時。反 應予以冷卻,以5%鹽酸酸化並以乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有 機相以食鹽水洗滌,以硫酸鎂脫水並真空濃縮,獲得白色 泡沫狀固體之標題化合物。 lU NMR (500 MHz? CD3OD): δ 7.47-7.33 (m9 3Η)? 4.88 (bs5 1Η)? 4.26-3.98 (m,1Η),3.06-3.01 (m,1Η),2·83·2·77 (m,1Η),2.58-2.50 (m,2Η),1·29 (s, 9H) 中間物3
OH F 91662.doc -56- 1249529 (3R)_3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基卜4_(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁酸 步驟A : (2S,5R)-2,5-二氫-3,6-二甲氧基-2-異丙基 -5-(2,,4’,5’-三氟苄基)吡畊 自3·42克(18.5毫莫耳)之(2S)-2,5-二氫-3,6-二甲氧基-2-異丙基吼畊及5克(22.3毫莫耳)之2,4,5-三氟苄基溴使用中 間物2步驟A所述程序,製備標題化合物(3.81克)。 W NMR (500 MHz,CDC13): δ 7.01 (m,1H),6.85 (m,1H),4·22 (m,1H), 3.78 (m,3H),3.64 (m,3H),3·61 (m,1H),3·20 (m,1H),2.98 (m,1H),2·20 (m,1H),0·99 (d,3H,J=8 Hz),0·62 (d5 3H,J=8 Hz) 步驟B : (R)_N-(第三丁氧羰基)·2,4,5_三氟苯基丙胺酸 甲酯 於3.81克(11.6毫莫耳)之(28,511)-2,5-二氫-3,6-二甲氧基 -2-異丙基-5-(2’,4’,5’-三氟苄基)吡畊之2〇毫升乙腈溶液 中’添加20毫升2Ν鹽酸。反應攪拌72小時並真空濃縮。殘 留物溶於30毫升二氯甲烷並添加1〇毫升(72毫莫耳)三乙胺 及9.68克(44.8毫莫耳)二碳酸二-第三丁酯。反應攪拌16小 時,以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序以1Ν鹽酸及食鹽水洗滌。有機 相以硫酸鈉脫水,真空濃縮並藉快速層析(矽膠,9:丨己烷: 乙酸乙酯)純化,獲得標題化合物。 H NMR (5GG MHz,CDC13): δ 6.99 (m,1H),6.94 (m,1H),5.G8 (m,1H), 4.58 (m,1H),3.78 (m,3H),3.19 (m,1H),3.01 (m,1H),1.41 (s,9H) 步驟C : (R)_N_(第三丁氧羰基)_2,4,5-三氟苯基丙胺酸 自2.41克(7.5莫耳)之(ΙΙ)-Ν-(第三丁氧羰基)-2,4,5_三氟苯 基丙胺酸甲酯使、用中間物2步驟C所述程序製備標題化合物 (2.01克)。 91662.doc -57- 1249529 LC-MS 220.9(M+1-BOC)。 步称D : (3R)_3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基】_4-(2,4,5-三氟苯 基)丁酸 於〇·37克(1.16毫莫耳)之(R)_N-(第三丁氧羰基卜2,4,5-三 氟笨基丙胺酸之1〇毫升乙醚溶液中,在-2〇。〇依序添加〇· 193 毫升(1.3¾莫耳)三乙胺及018毫升(13毫莫耳)氯甲酸異丁 酉曰且反應在此溫度授拌1 5分鐘。添加冷卻之重氮甲烧乙_ 溶液直至持續黃色並又繼續攪拌丨小時。藉滴加乙酸捕捉過 畺重氮甲烧丄且反應以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序以飽和石炭酸氫 納水 >谷液及食鹽水洗務,以硫酸鎮脫水並真空濃縮。藉快 速層析(矽膠,3 : 1己烷:乙酸乙酯)純化獲得〇·36克重氮 酮。於溶在12毫升1,4-二噚烷:水(5:1)中之〇·35克(1.15毫莫 耳)重氮甲烷溶液中添加26毫克(0.113毫莫耳)苯甲酸銀。所 得溶液聲振2小時後,以乙酸乙酯稀釋並依序以…鹽酸及食 鹽水洗滌,以硫酸鎂脫水並真空濃縮。藉快速層析(石夕膠, 97:2:1二氯曱烷:甲醇:乙酸)純化,獲得標題化合物。 4 NMR (500 MHz,CDC13) δ 7.06 (m,1Η),6·95 (m,1Η),5.06 (bs,1Η) 4·18 (m,1H),2·98 (m,2H),2·61 (m,2H),1.39 (s,9H) ’ ’ 中間物4
91662.doc -58- 1249529 4H4,5-二氟苯基)·3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基】丁酸 於2.4克(1〇宅莫耳)2_溴二氟苯甲酸[依據价“沾等 人Syn· C〇mm·,3067-3074(1992)之程序製備]之75毫升四 虱呋喃溶液中,添加2·43克(15毫莫耳)羰基二咪唑。此溶液 回流加熱3·5小時,冷卻至周圍溫度並添加含0.38克(10毫莫 耳)硼氫化鈉之15毫升水。反應攪拌1〇分鐘並分配於乙酸乙 酉曰及10 /()¾ @文氫鈉水溶液之間。有機層以溫水、食鹽水洗 滌2次,以硫酸鎂脫水並真空濃縮。藉快速層析(矽膠,4:工 己烷··乙酸乙酯)純化獲得!^克2-溴_4,5-二氟苄醇。於含h9 克(8.4¾莫耳)2-溴-4,5_二氟苄醇之30毫升二氯甲烷溶液 中,在〇°C添加3.4克(1〇毫莫耳)四溴化碳及2 7克(1〇毫莫耳) 三苯膦。反應在此溫度攪拌2小時,真空移除溶劑且殘留物 與100毫升乙醚攪拌。過濾溶液,真空濃縮並快速層析(矽 膠,20:1己烷:乙酸乙酯)純化,獲得2·9克受四溴化碳污染 之2-溴-4,5-二氟苄基溴,其未經進一步純化使用。使用製 備中間物2-4所述之程序,使节基溴衍生物轉化成標題化合 物。 LC_MS 394及 396(Μ+1) 〇
〇Η 2 91662.doc -59- 1249529 中間物 R3 經選擇之1HNMR數據(CD3〇D) 5 2-F,4-Cl,5-F 7.11 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.9, 6.4 Hz), 7.03 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.0, 6.6) 6 2-F,5-Cl 7.27 (dd, 1 H,J 二 6.4, 2.5 Hz),7.21 (m· 1 H), 7.03 (t 1 H, J = 9.2 Hz) 7 2-Me?5-Cl 7.16 (d,1 H,:[二 1.8 Hz),7.11-7.07 (m,2 H),2.34 (s,3 H) 8 2-CL5-C1 7.34 (d,1 H,J 二 9.0),7.33 (d,1 H,J 二 2.1 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.5, 2.5 Hz) 9 2-F,3-Cl,6-F 7.35 (td, 1 H, J = 8.5, 5.8 Hz), 6.95 (t, 1 H, J = 8.5 Hz) 10 3-Cl,4-F 7.33 (d,1 H, J 二 6.9 Hz),7.19-7.11 (m, 2 H) 11 2-F,3-F,6-F 7.18-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1 H) 12 2-F,4>F,6-F 6.81 (t,2H, J = 8.4 Hz) 13 2-〇CH2Ph,5-F 7.49 (d, 2 H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.38 (t, 2 H, J = 7.3 Hz),7.3.0 (t,1 H,J = 7.3Hz),6.96-6.89 (m,3H), 5.11 (d, 1H, J - 11.7 Hz), 5.08 (d,lH,J= 11.9 Hz) 【實施方式】 實例1
91662.doc -60- 1249529 (3R)-4-[(3R)-3_胺基_4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁醯基卜六氳_3_曱 基-2H-1,4-二吖庚因酮鹽酸鹽 步驟A : N_(第三丁氧羰基)-、兴孓氰基乙基)_D_丙胺酸甲酯 於D-丙胺酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(2〇克)及5N氫氧化鈉水溶液(2.9 耄升)之水(15¾升)授拌懸浮液中,在〇它下添加丙稀腈 毫升)。所得混合物在7〇°C攪拌3.5小時並冷卻至室溫。添加 二碳酸二-第三丁酯(3〇毫升)且反應混合物攪拌2天。反應混 合物以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液稀釋並以乙酸乙酯萃取。分離 有機層’以f鹽水洗務,以無水硫酸納脫水並濃縮。殘留 物藉快速管柱層析(石夕膠,乙酸乙酯/己烧2:3)純化,獲得 N-(第三丁氧羰基)_N-(2_氰基乙*)_D_丙胺酸甲酯。 步称B : ~_(3_胺基丙基)-N-(第三丁氧羰基)-D_丙胺酸甲酯 於N-(弟二丁氧羰基)_n_(2-氰基乙基)-D-丙胺酸甲酯(ι·5 克)之乙醇(80毫升)及氣仿(ι·4毫升)溶液中,添加氧化鉑 (3 5 0晕克)’且反應混合物在氫氣中攪拌1 6小時。混合物經 石夕澡土過濾且該矽藻土以甲醇及二氣甲烷洗滌。濾液濃縮 獲得油狀殘留物之N-(3-胺基丙基)-N_(第三丁氧羰基卜^丙 胺酸甲酯。 步称C · (2R)-六氳-2-甲基_3_氧代_1H_1,4-二吖庚因-1- 甲酸第三丁酯 於2M二甲基鋁之二氯甲烷溶液(3 〇毫升)中緩慢添加 胺基丙基)(第三丁氧羰基)丙胺酸甲酯(丨1.5克) 之二氯甲烷溶液。反應混合物在室溫攪拌4天接著倒入含3〇 克矽澡土之瓶中。混合物攪拌並藉緩慢添加約丨〇毫升飽和 91662.doc -61 - 1249529 氯化銨水溶液驟冷。添加硫酸鈉(2〇克)及甲醇(5〇毫升)。f 合物攪拌1小時接著過濾。固體以5%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗滌= 濾液濃縮。殘留物藉快速層析(矽膠,依序以4、6、7及Η% 之10:1甲醇/濃氫氧化銨水溶液之二氯甲烷溶離),獲得含少 於3%(3S)-異構物之標題化合物。 LC/MS 228·9(Μ+1) 〇 步驟D : (3R)_六氫-3-甲基-2Η-Μ-二吖庚因_2_輞鹽酸鹽 前一步驟所得之(2R)_六氫_2_甲基_3_氧代_1η_μ_二吖 庚因-1-甲酸,三丁酯溶於4Μ氯化氫之二噚烷中並在厶5小 時後蒸發,獲得所需化合物之鹽酸鹽。 步稱 E : (3R)-4-[(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧 Μ 基)胺基】_4_(2 4 5_ 三氟苯基)丁醯基】六氫_3_甲基,‘二吖庚 因-2-嗣 於N_甲基嗎啉(0·38毫升)及(3R)-3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺 基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁酸(1·〇克)之2〇毫升二氯甲烷溶液 中,在-20°C添加氯甲酸異丁酯(0·39毫升)。所得混合物攪 拌1小時。添加含(3R)_六氫_3_曱基_2Η_Μ_:吖庚因丄酮 鹽酸鹽(500毫克)及Ν_甲基嗎啉(〇·4〇毫升)之二氯甲烷毫 升)及DMF(8毫升)。混合物攪拌28小時,最初在_2〇。<:攪拌 接著緩慢溫至周圍溫度。反應藉添加飽和氯化銨溶液驟冷 並依序以二氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機層依序以 水及食鹽水洗滌,以硫酸鈉脫水並濃縮。殘留物藉層析(矽 膠,3〇/〇至7% 1〇:1甲醇/濃氫氧化銨之二氯甲烷)純化,獲得 偶合產物。此進一步藉溶解該產物於在5(rc之乙醇(7·5毫升) 91662.doc -62- 1249529 及己烧06毫升)混合财而純化。使溶液冷卻至周圍溫度隔 夜’接著置入冷康櫃中3小時。收集固體並以冷卻州乙醇/ 己烷洗滌,獲得標題化合物。 步称F :(叫4-[(3R)-3-胺基邻,4,5_三氟苯基)丁酿 基]/、氫3-甲基-2H-1,4-二吖庚因_2_酮鹽酸鹽
步驟E之(3R)-4_[(3R)_3_[(第三丁氧幾基)胺基 三氟苯基)丁酿基]六氫-3-甲基丫庚因_2_晒以4N 氯化氫之:料處理,㈣2·5小時並蒸發獲得標題化合 物。LC/MS 344·1(Μ+1) 〇 實例2
F i^^NMe 4-[(3R)-3_ 胺基 _4_(2,5_ 二氟苯農、丁 队+泰)丁醯基]六氫甲基 -211-1,4-二吖庚因-2_酮鹽酸鹽 步驟Α: Ν-(3·胺基丙基)·Ν•(第三丁氧幾基)甘胺酸甲醋 自甘胺酸甲㈣㈣依循實例1步驟A-B所述方法製備標 題化合物。 LC/MS 241.0(M+1) 〇 步称B:六氫_3_氧代·W丫庚因]曱酸第三丁醋 於Ν_(3·胺基丙基)_N_(第三丁氧幾基)甘胺酸甲醋(m克) 之四氫吱喃(TH濟醇㈤⑽毫升)溶液中添加Μ氯氧化 鋰水溶液(60毫升)。所得混合物在室溫攪拌隔夜。添加2〇 91662.doc -63- 1249529 毫升1M氫氧化鋰水溶液且混合物攪拌6小時。減壓蒸發溶 劑,且殘留物溶於50毫升甲醇及200毫升甲苯益真空濃縮。 於殘留物在二氯甲烧(300毫升)中添加乙基_3_(3_二甲胺 基丙基)碳二醯亞胺(EDC,9.6克)及^羥基苯并三哇 (HOBT,6.8克)。混合物在室溫攪拌3天,接著以飽和氯化 銨水溶液處理並以三份乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機相以食 鹽水洗務’以硫酸鈉脫水並濃縮。殘留物藉層析(石夕膠,4 至5〇/。甲醇/氫氧化銨水溶液(10:1)之二氯甲烷)純化,獲得標 題化合物。LS/MS 215.0(M+1)。 步驟C ··六氫甲基_3_氧代-111-1,4_二吖庚因_1-f酸第 三丁酯 氫化鈉U〇3毫克)添加至在0〇c之六氳_3_氧代-丨仏丨^-二 吖庚因-i-甲酸第三丁酯iDMF(5毫升)攪拌溶液中。丨小時 後,添加碘甲烷(0·15毫升),且所得混合物在0。〇攪拌,接 t室溫㈣隔夜。以飽和氯化銨水溶液稀釋並以乙酸乙 -卞取刀離有機層,依序以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及食鹽 水洗滌,以硫酸鈉脫水及濃縮獲得產物,其未進一步純化 使用。 步^ ’、氫小甲基韻巧,4·:11丫庚因·2_酮鹽酸鹽 貝例2步‘(:所得之六氣_心甲基士氧代-⑶心〆-二口丫庚因 ^甲酸第三丁酉1溶於4Μ氯化氫之二Μ中並在2·5小時後 条發獲得標題化合物。 4_[(3R)_3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]4 (2,5二氟苯 基)丁醯基]六氫-1·甲基_2H-1,4•二吖庚因·2-酮 91662.doc -64- 1249529 於(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-4_(2,5-二氟苯基)丁酸 (40毫克)、EDC(29毫克)及Η0ΒΤ(21毫克)之二氯甲烷攪拌混 合物中添加三乙胺(0.042毫升)及六氫甲基_2Η-1,4-二吖 庚因-2-酮鹽酸鹽(33毫克)。所得混合物在周圍溫度攪拌隔 仪接著濃縮。殘留物藉製備性TLC(石夕膠,8% 1〇:1甲醇/濃 氣氧化叙之,一氣甲烧)純化’獲得標題化合物。 步驟F : 4_[(3R)-3_胺基-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)丁醯基]六氫 -1-甲基- 2Η-1,4_:ρ丫庚因 _2_酮 步驟Ε所$之4-[(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]—4-(2,5-二 氟苯基)丁酿基]六氫-1-甲基-2H-1,4-二口丫庚因-2- g同以4N氯 化氫於二吟烷中處理,攪拌4小時並蒸發獲得標題化合物。 LC/MS 326·0(Μ+1)。 實例3
(311)_4_[(311)-3-胺基-4-(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁醯基]六氫_1_甲 基-2Η-1,4-二吖庚因-2-酮鹽酸鹽 步称A · 2_节基六風甲基-3-氧代-1H-1,4·二p丫庚因·ι_ 甲酸第三丁酯 於實例2步驟C所製備之六氫-4-甲基-3-氧代,心二口丫 庚因-1-甲酸第三丁酯(180毫克)之THF(8毫升)攪拌溶液 中’在-78添加·一異丙基酿胺(LDA)溶液(1 ·5M環己烧, 91662.doc -65- 1249529 0.53¾升)。混合物攪拌4〇分鐘,添加苄基溴(〇·28毫升)。所 得混合物在-78它攪拌6小時。接著反應混合物以飽和氣化 鉍水溶液稀釋並以乙酸乙酯萃取。有機層依序以飽和碳酸 虱鈉水溶液及食鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉脫水並濃縮。殘 迢物藉層析(矽膠,2〇/〇甲醇/二氣甲烷)純化,獲得標題化合物。 步称B : 3_节基六氫小甲基-瓜认二吖庚因_2_嗣鹽酸鹽 步驟A所得之2-苄基六氫_4_甲基_3-氧代-1H-1,4_二吖庚 因-1-甲酸第三丁酯溶於4M鹽酸之二噚烷中且2·5小時後蒸 發獲得所需化合物之鹽酸鹽。 步驟C · (3R)-4-[(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧幾基)胺基]_4-(2,4,5_ 二氟苯基)丁醯基]_3_苄基六氫甲基_2Η-1,4· 二吖庚因_2_酮 Ν-甲基嗎啉(0·048毫升)及氯甲酸第三丁酯(〇〇26毫升)添 加至在-2CTC之(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基>4_(2,4,5-三氟 苯基)丁酸(67毫克)之丁 HF(1毫升)攪拌溶液中,且所得混合 物攪拌1小時。添加步驟B所得之3_苄基六氫_丨_甲基 _2H-1,4-二吖庚·因-2-酮鹽酸鹽(48毫克)及N·甲基嗎啉(〇·〇24 宅升)之DMF(1毫升)。混合物在-2〇〇c攪拌3〇分鐘並在周圍 溫度攪拌36小時,接著蒸發。殘留物以飽和氯化銨水溶液 處理,以乙酸乙酯萃取,且有機萃取液蒸發。所得產物藉 製備性TLC(矽膠5甲醇/濃氫氧化銨/二氯甲烷4·4:〇.ι:95 5) 純化,獲得非對映異構物之混合物之偶合產物。此異構物 藉HPLC(ChiralPAK AD,U。/。乙醇/己烷)解析且收集較快溶 出之(R,S)-異構物及較慢溶出之(R,R)_異構物。 91662.doc -66- 1249529 步驟D : (3R)-4_[(3R)_3-胺基-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁醢基卜3· 苄基六氫-1-甲基-2H-1,4-二吖庚因-2-鲷籮酸鹽 步驟C之標題化合物溶於4M氯化氫之二吟烷中且2·5小 時後蒸發,獲得所需產物。 LC/MS 434·1(Μ+1) 〇 實例4
(3R)-4_[(3R)-3-胺基_4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁酿基】六氫 3 [4_( —氟甲氧基)节基]_2Η-1,4-二u丫庚因_2_酮 步称A · [(苄氧基)甲基]六氫_3_氧代_ιυ_1,4-二β丫庚因 -1-甲酸第三丁酯 自六氫-3-氧代-吖庚因-丨_甲酸第三丁酯(實例2 γ驟B)及苄基氯甲基醚基本上如實例2步驟c所述方法製備 標題化合物。 步驟B · 4_[(苄氧基)曱基]六氫_3_氧代_2_[4-(三氟甲氧 基)苄基]_1H_1,4_二吖庚因_1β甲酸第三丁酯 自4_[(苄氧基)曱基]六氫-3 —氧代^札^各二吖庚因-卜曱 酸第三丁酯及4_(三氟曱氧基)节基溴依循實例3步驟丨所述 程序製備標題化合物。 'Φ" Eg · •六氫_3_氧代_2_[4_(三氟曱氧基)苄基]_1Η-1,4-二吖庚因-1_甲酸第三丁酯 91662.doc 1249529 於‘[(节氧基)甲基]六氫-3-氧代-2_[4-(三氟甲氧基)苄 基]-1H-1,4-二吖庚因-丨_甲酸第三丁酯(52〇毫克)之乙醇(17 $升)溶液中添加1〇%鈀/碳(3〇〇毫克)。反應混合物在氫氣中 授掉22小時。添加數滴水並又繼續攪拌2〇小時。混合物經 石夕澡土過滤且石夕藻土以乙酸乙酯洗滌。濾液減壓蒸發。殘 留物藉置層析(矽膠,甲醇/濃氳氧化銨水溶液/ 一氯甲烧1.5:0.1:98.4)純化。所得產物溶於甲苯中並回流3 小日守。真空蒸發獲得標題化合物,其未進一步純化用於下 一步驟。 步驟D ··六氫_3_[4_(三氟甲氧基)苄基】二吖庚因 -2-酮鹽酸鹽 六氫-3-氧代-2_[4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基]_1Η-1,心二吖庚因 -1-曱酸第二丁酯溶於4Μ氯化氫之二噚烷中且25小時後蒸 發獲得所需產物。 步驟Ε : (3R)-4_[(3R)_3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]·4-(2 4 5_ 二氟苯基)丁醯基]六氫-3-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苄 基]-2Η_1,4_二吖庚因_2-酮 Ν-甲基嗎啉(0.072毫升)及氯曱酸第三丁酯(〇 〇39毫升)添 加至在-20°C之(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]_4_(2,4,5_三氟 苯基)丁酸(95毫克)之二氯曱烷(5毫升)攪拌溶液中,且所得 混合物攪拌30分鐘。添加步驟D所得之六氫_3_[4_(三氟甲氧 基)苄基]-2H-M-二吖庚因-2-酮鹽酸鹽(91毫克•曱基 嗎啉(0.036毫升)。反應混合物在_2〇t:攪拌3〇分鐘並在周圍 溫度攪拌2小時,接著蒸發。殘留物藉製備性TLc(矽膠°,甲 91662.doc -68- 1249529 醇/濃氫氧化銨/二氯f烷4.4:0.1:95.5)純化,且該異構物隨 後藉HPLC(ChiralPAK AD,7%乙醇/己烷)解析獲得較慢溶 出之(R,R) -異構物。 步驟F ·· (3R)-4-[(3R)_3-胺基-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁醯基】 ✓、風_3_[4-(二氣甲氧基)节基】_211-1,4_二这丫庚因 -2 -嗣 (3R)-4-[(3R)-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基) 丁醯基]六氫-3-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基]-2Η-1,4_二吖庚因_2一 酮溶於4Μ氯化氫之二噚烷中且2.5小時後蒸發,獲得所需產 物。LC/MS 504·2(Μ+1)。 實例5
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(3R)_4_[(3R)_3_胺基·4_(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁醯基]]第三丁 基六虱-3_曱基_2Η-1,4-二吖庚因_2_酮鹽酸鹽 步驟A : N-(第三丁基氰基乙基>2-氧代丙醢胺 苯并三唑(2.4克,20毫莫耳)及亞硫醯氯(1·5毫升)之二氯 甲烷(10¾升)溶液滴加至丙酮酸之二氯甲烷(1〇毫升)溶液 中且混合物擾拌10分鐘。過濾所形成之沉殿並以二氯甲燒 洗滌。渡液以錢鎂處理,㈣且濾液與毅:氯甲烧(10 耄升)之3-(第三丁基胺基)丙腈溶液攪拌。反應混合物以飽 和氯化銨水溶液處理並以乙酸乙g旨萃取。有機層以無水硫 91662.doc -69- 1249529 酸鈉脫水,過濾,蒸發並藉Biotage®快逮層析(矽膠,乙酸 乙酯/己烷1:1)純化獲得油狀產物。 NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.49 (s, 9Η), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.74 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H),3.6 (broad,2H)。 ’ 步驟B : I —第三丁基·六氫_3_甲基二吖庚因_2•酮 步驟A所得之N-(第三丁基)-N-(2-氰基乙基)-2-氧代丙醯 胺(440毫克)及氧化鉑(6〇毫克)懸浮於含氯仿(〇·3毫升)之乙 醇(40毫升)中並在Parr搖晃器中在40 psi氫氣中混合16小 時。過濾混合物,觸媒以甲醇/二氯甲烷(10:9〇)洗滌且合併 之濾液蒸發並藉Biotage^^速層析(矽膠,5-10%甲醇/二氯 甲烧)純化獲得所需產物。 lU NMR (400 MHz? CDC13) δ 1.23 (d51=6.6, 3H)? 1.43 (s? 9H)? 1.5 (m5 1H)?
1.7 (m,1H),2.9 (m,1H),3. 2 (m,1H),3.4 (m,1H),3.6 (m,2H),LC/MS 185.2 (M+l)。 步称 C : (3R)_4_[(3R)-3_ 胺基-4_(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁醯 基]_1_第三丁基·六氫_3_甲基-;2H-1,4-二吖庚因 -2_網 自(3R) 3 [(弟二丁氧基幾基)胺基]-二氣苯基)丁 酸及卜第三丁基-六氫_3_甲基jh-U-二吖庚因-2-酮藉實 例3步驟C及D所述方法製備標題化合物。LC/MS 400·1(Μ+1)。 實例6
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91662.doc -70· 1249529 )丁醯基】六氫-5-甲基 4_[(3R)-3-胺基 _4_(2,4,5_三氟苯基 二吖庚因-2-酮鹽酸鹽 步驟A :六氫-5-甲基-2H-1,4_二吖庚因_2, 自巴豆腈基本上依循實例2步驟 u z步知A及序製備標題化 合物。 步称B: 4_【叫3_胺基_4_(2 4 5三氟苯基)丁醯基】六氣 -5-甲基-2H-1,4-二吖庚因-2_酮 自(3R)-3_[(第三丁氧基_)胺基pm三氟苯基)丁 酸六氮m.1’4-) 丫庚因_2-酮藉實例3步驟C及⑽ 述方法製備標題化合物。 LC/MS 344·1(Μ+1)。 實例7
(3R)_4_[(3R),3_ 胺基-4-(2,4,S-三盡甘# 机果基)丁醯基〗六氫 吖庚因-2·酮三氟 -3-[(l-氧離子吡啶-2·基)甲基卜2h _ 夏,4_ 乙酸鹽 步驟A : (3R)-4-[(3R)_3_[(第三 三氣苯基)丁醯基]六一氣3氧幾基)胺基】邻,4,5_ 甲基]-2H4-二外庚因綱 ^ 基本上依循實例4步驟A至E所诚+ 吓疋矛王序製備標題化合物。 91662.doc -71- 1249529 步驟B : (3R)-4-[(3R)-3-胺基-4-(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁醯基】 六氳_3_[(1_氧離子n比啶_2_基)甲基卜211-1,4_二 吖庚因-2-酮三氟乙酸鹽 於(3R)-4-[(3R)-3_[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯 基)丁醯基]六氫-3-[(1-氧離子吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2Η-1,4-二吖 庚因-2-酮(20毫克,0.038毫莫耳)之二氯甲烷(2.5毫升)溶液 中,在0°C添加mCPBA(28毫克,0.096毫莫耳)且反應混合物 在周圍溫度攪拌隔夜。溶液以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液處理並 以一氯甲烷f取。分離有機相,以無水硫酸鈉脫水,過濾 並蒸發。殘留物藉製備性TLC(矽膠,11:89氨之甲醇/二氯 甲烧)純化’獲得N-BOC保護之吡啶N-氧離子。以三氣乙酸 -一氯甲烷(1:1)在周圍温度去保護丨小時接著濃縮獲得所需 產物。MS 437·2(Μ+1)。 實例8
4-(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁 (3R)-4-[(3R)-3-胺基- 乙酸鹽 ‘基)丁醯基]六氫 •一 p丫庚因-2 - _三氟 -3-K1-氧離子吼咬-3-基)甲基] 2h_m二q
437·2(Μ+1) 〇 種序製備標題化合物。 91662.doc •72、 1249529 實例9
(3R)-4_[(3R)-3_胺基_4_(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁醢基】六氫 基甲基,心二吖庚因_2_網三氟己酸鹽 步驟A· 4二[(苄氧基)甲基】六氫-3-氧代吖庚因 -1_甲酸第三丁酯 自/、氫_3-氧代-1H-1,4-二吖庚因_1_甲酸第三丁酯(實例2 步驟B)及苄基氯甲基醚基本上依循實例2步驟c所述方法製 備標題化合物。 步称B : 4_[(苄氧基)甲基】六氫_2_亞甲基_3_氧代 _111-1,4-二1»丫庚因-1-甲酸第三丁酯 自4 [(>氧基)甲基]六氫-3-氧代-1H-1,4-二口丫庚因-1_甲 酉欠第二丁酯及苄基氯甲基醚基本上依循實例3步驟1所述程 序製備標題化合物。 步驟C: 4-[(苄氧基)甲基】六氫_2·(1Η_吡唑-1_基甲基卜3· 氧代-1Η_1,4_二吖庚因-ΐ_甲酸第三丁酯 於比°上(258宅克’ 3.78¾吴耳)之1〇毫升DMF溶液中,在〇°c 添加氫化鈉(60%,91毫克)。所得混合物攪拌30分鐘接著添 加得自步驟B之產物(65 5.4克,h89毫莫耳)。反應在周圍溫 度搜拌隔夜並添加水驟冷。水性混合物以三份乙酸乙酷萃 91662.doc -73- 1249529 取。合併之有機相濃縮。藉則〇1吨^裝置上快速層析(矽膠, 40-80%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度)純化獲得標題化合物。
步驟C之產物以三氟乙酸處理。反應在周圍溫度攪拌隔夜 接著濃縮。殘留物溶於甲苯中並回流加熱3小時。藉Bi〇tage@ 裝置上快速層析(矽膠,5_15%之1〇:1甲醇/氫氧化銨之二氯 甲烷)純化獲得標題化合物。 步轉E ·· (3R)_4_[(3R)-3-胺基_4_(2,4,5_三氟苯基)丁醯基】 六氫_3_(1H-吡唑_1_基甲基>2Η-1,扣二吖庚因 _2·酮三氟乙酸鹽 自步驟D之產物及(3R)I[(第三丁氧羰基)胺 基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟笨基)丁酸基本上依循實例4步驟e所述之 偶合方法製備標題化合物。藉製備性TLC(矽膠,乙醇/ 一氯甲烷)純化,獲得非對映異構物混合物產物。 HPLC(chlralcell OJ管柱,7%乙醇/己烷)獲得個別非對映異
91662.doc 1249529 實例 r! r! Rl MS (M+l) 10 2-F, 5-F Me H 326,1 11 2-F,4-F,5-F CH2-cPr H 384.1 12 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me Me 358.1 13 2-F, 5-F Me Et 354.1 14 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me cPr 384.3 15 2-F, 5-F Me CH2C02Me 398.1 16 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CH2CH2OH 388.1 17 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CH2CH2OCH2 c6h5 478.2 18 —2-F, 4-F,5-F Et Me 372.2 19 2-F, 5-F Et Me 354.1 20 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2OH Me 374.0 21 2-F CH2Ph Me 398.2 22 3-F, 4-F CH2Ph Me 416.2 23 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2〇CH2Ph Me 464.2 24 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Et H 358.1 25 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2Ph H 420.1 26 3-F, 4-F CH2Ph H 402.1 27 - 2-F, 5-F CH2(4-OCF3- Ph) H 486.1 28 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-OCF3- Ph) H 504.2 29 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2CH(CH3)2 Me 400.2 30 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-CF3,5- CFrPh) H 556.2 31 2-F, 5-F H H 312.2 32 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CF3-Ph) H 488.1 33 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-Cl-Ph) H 454.0 91662.doc -75- 1249529 34 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CH3- Ph) H 434.1 35 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CH3,5- CHrPh) H 448.2 36 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CHMe2 386.2 37 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-Ph-Ph) H 496.3 38 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F,5-F- Ph) H、 456.1 39 2-F, 4-F? 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) H 438.1 40 2-F, 4-F, 5-F i Me ch2cf3 426.1 41 2-F, 4>F? 5-F CH2(2-F,3-F- Ph) H 456.2 42 .-2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-pyridyl) H 421.1 43 2-F, 4->F, 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) ch2ch2ch3 480.2 44 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(4-pyridyl) H 421.1 45 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) Me 452.2 46 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-pyridyl) H 421.2 47 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F,6-F- Ph) H 456.3 48 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2CF3 H 412.3
醫藥調配物實例 _ 至於口服醫藥組合物之特定具體例,100毫克強效錠劑係 由1〇〇毫克本發明任何化合物、268毫克微晶纖維素、20毫 克交聯羧曱基纖維素鈉及4毫克硬脂酸鎂所構成。首先摻合 "亥’舌性成分、微晶纖維素及交聯魏甲基纖維素納。混合物 接著藉硬脂酸鎂潤滑並壓縮成錠劑。 雖然本發明已參考其某些特定具體例加以描述及說明, 但热知本技藝者將了解在不脫離本發明精神及範圍内可作 各種應用、改變、改質、取代、刪除或加入程序及策略。 91662.doc -76 - 1249529 例如’本文所述特定劑量以外之有效劑量可隨欲藉本發明 化合物治療之哺乳類反應變化結果加以應用。所觀察之特 定藥理反應可依據且隨所選之特定活性化合物而異或隨是 否存在有醫藥载劑,以及所用調配物類型及投藥模心2 此預期之變化或結果差異欲在本發明目的及實務内 本發明係由下列申請專南丨^ 此 月寻利乾圍加以界定且此申請專 係以合理地盡可能寬之方式解釋。 圍 91662.doc
Claims (1)
- 繫t93105887號專利申譆案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(94年7月) 十、申請專利範圍: 種式I之化合物 年月日修(更) 94· 7.25 1.或其醫藥可接受性鹽;其中 Ar為經1至5個R3取代基取代之苯基; R1係選自下列所組成之組群: 氫; C 1 _4烧基; 2,2,2-三氟乙基; 甲氧羰基甲基; 羧基甲基; 經基乙基; 苄氧基甲基; 节氧基乙基;及 環丙基; R3為氫、氯或氟; R4係選自下列所組成之組群: 氫; CH3 ; ch2ch3 ; CH2CH(CH3)2 ; 91662-940725.doc 1249529 ch2-環丙基; ch2-環己基; CH2〇CH2Ph ; CH2〇H ; CH2Ph ; CH2(3-OCF3-Ph); CH2(4-OCF3-Ph); CH2(3-CF3,5-CF3-Ph); CH2(2-CF3-Ph); CH2(2-Cl-Ph); CH2(2-Me-Ph); CH2(2-Me,5-Me-Ph); CH2(2-Ph-Ph); CH2(2-F,5-F-Ph); CH2(2-F-Ph); CH2(2-F,3-F-Ph); CH2(2-吡啶基); CH2(3·吡啶基); CH2(4-吡啶基); CH2(1•氧離子吼啶-2-基); CH2(1-氧離子吡啶-3-基); CH2(1H-口比唑-1-基); CH2(2-F,6-F-Ph);及 CH2CF3 ;及 91662-940725.doc 1249529 R5、R8及R9為氫。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係選自下列所組成之 組群:91662-940725.doc 1249529F或其醫藥可接受性鹽。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係選自下列結構式lb 所組成之組群:91662-940725.doc 1249529 91662-940725.doc s! r! Rl 2-F, 5-F Me H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2-cPr H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me Me 2-F,5-F Me Et 2-F,4-F,5-F Me cPr 2-F,5-TF Me CH2C02Me 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CH2CH2OH 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CH2CH2OCH2 c6h5 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Et Me 2-F, 5-F Et Me 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2OH Me 2-F CH2Ph Me 3-F, 4-F CH2Ph Me 2-F, 4-F,5-F CH2〇CH2Ph Me 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Et H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2Ph H 3-F, 4-F CH2Ph H 2-F, 5-F CH2(4-OCF3- Ph) H 1249529 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-OCF3- Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2CH(CH3)2 'Me 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-CF3,5- CF3-Ph) H 2-F, 5-F H H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CFrPh) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-Cl-Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CH3- Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-CH3,5- CHrPh) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CHMe2 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-Ph-Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F,5-F- Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F Me CH2CF3 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F,3-F- Ph) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(3-pyridyl) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) CH2CH2CH3 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(4-pyridyl) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F-Ph) Me 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-pyridyl) H 2-F, 4-F, 5-F CH2(2-F,6-F- Ph) H 2-F,4-F,5-F CH2CF3 H 或其醫藥可接受性鹽。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項之化合物’其為 91662-940725.doc 1249529或其醫藥可接受性鹽。 5. 一種治療或預防二肽基肽酶_IV酵素相關疾病之醫藥组合 物’包括如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物及醫藥可接受性 載劑。 6. 如申請專利IS圍第5項之醫藥組合物,其又包括 選自下列所成組群之其他活性成分·· 或多種 (a)第二種二肽基肽酶IV(DP-IV)抑制劑; ⑻姨島素敏化劑,其係選自包含PRARy激動劑、 PRARot/γ雙重激動劑、pApRa激動劑、雙胍及蛋白質酪胺 酸填酸酶-1B抑制劑所組成之組群; (0胰島素或擬胰島素; (d) 磺醯基尿素或其他胰島素促泌素; (e) a-配糖酶抑制劑; (f)胰高血糖素受體拮抗劑; (g) GLP-l、GLP-1擬藥或GLP-l受體激動劑; (h) GIP、GIP擬藥或gip受體激動劑; (i) PACAP、PACAP擬藥或PACAP受體激動劑; ⑴膽固醇降低劑,如⑴hmg-c〇a還原酶抑制劑; 多價螯合劑;(iii)菸鹼醯醇、菸鹼酸或其鹽;(iv)ppARa 激動劑,(ν)ΡΡΑΙΙα/γ雙重激動劑;(Vi)膽固醇吸收抑制 91662-940725.doc 1249529 激動劑,(v)PPARa/y雙重激動劑;(vi)膽固醇吸收抑制 劑;(vii)醯基CoA··膽固醇醯基轉移酶抑制劑;及(viii)抗 氧化劑; (k) PPAIU激動劑; (l) 抗肥胖症化合物; (m) 迴腸膽汁酸傳遞抑制劑; (η)消炎藥;及 (〇)抗高血壓劑。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項之醫藥組合物,其中該雙胍為美法 明(metformin)。 8 · 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物之用途,係用以製造 供治療哺乳類之選自由高血糖症、2型糖尿病、肥胖症及 脂質障礙之病況之醫藥。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項之用途,其中該脂質障礙係選自由 血脂障礙症、高脂血症、高三酸甘油酯血症、高膽固醇 企症、低HDL量及高LDL量所組成之組群。 91662-940725.doc
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