TW200526249A - Combinations comprising alpha-2-delta ligands - Google Patents
Combinations comprising alpha-2-delta ligands Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200526249A TW200526249A TW093127537A TW93127537A TW200526249A TW 200526249 A TW200526249 A TW 200526249A TW 093127537 A TW093127537 A TW 093127537A TW 93127537 A TW93127537 A TW 93127537A TW 200526249 A TW200526249 A TW 200526249A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- combination
- pain
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- methyl
- acid
- Prior art date
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Description
200526249 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種α-2-δ配位體與雙重血清素-去甲腎上 腺素再攝取抑制劑(DSNRI)或選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑 (SSRI)及選擇性去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(SNRI)中之一 者或兩者之協同組合,其用於疼痛之治療。本發明亦係關 於一種藉由使用有效量之α-2-δ配位體與DSNRI或SSRI及 SNRI中之一者或兩者的協同組合來治療疼痛之方法。 【先前技術】 α-2-δ受體配位體為可鍵接至人類鈣通道α-2-δ子單位之 任何子型的任何分子。鈣通道α-2-δ子單位包括已在下列文 獻中描述之諸多受體子型:例如,Ν· S· Gee,J· Ρ· Brown, V. U. Dissanayake,J. Offord,R· Thurlow及 G. N_ Woodruff, 271 (10): 5768-76,1996,(類型 1); Gong,J. Hang,W. Kohler,Z. Li及 T-Z. Su,/.Mem心.5M/.184 (1):35-43, 2001,(類型 2及 3) ; E. Marais,Ν· Klugbauer及 F· Hofmann, Mol.Pharmacol 5 9 (5):1243-1248, 2001 ^ (II ^ 2A3) ; AN. Qin,S. Yagel,M. L. Momplaisir,Ε· E· Codd 及 M. R· D’Andrea. Mo/.P/zarmaco/· 62 (3): 485-496,2002,(I員型 4) ° 該等受體子型亦稱作GAB A類似物。 α-2-δ配位體已被描述用於諸多適應症。最著名之α-2-δ配 位體-加巴喷丁(gabapentin)(Neurontin®,1-(胺基甲基)-環己 基乙酸)-最初描述於包括US4024175之同族專利之專利文 獻中。該化合物被批准用於治療癲癇症及神經痛。 95403.doc 200526249 第二種α-2-δ配位體-普瑞巴林(pregabalin),(S)-(+)_4-胺 基-3-(2-甲基丙基)丁酸-於歐洲專利申請案公告號 EP641330中經描述為一種有用於治療癲癇的抗抽搐治療 劑,及於EP0934061中用於治療疼痛。 此外,國際專利申請案公告第WO0128978號說明一系列 的新穎雙環胺基酸,其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及其之以下化 學式之藥物前體:
III IV 其中η係1至4之整數,其中當有立體中心時,1各中心可分 別為R或S,較佳之化合物係其中η為2至4之整數之以上化學 式I-IV之化合物。 最近的國際專利申請案公告第WO02/85839號說明以下 化學式之α-2-δ配位體: 95403.doc 200526249
其中R1及R2係各自獨立地選自Η、1至6個碳原子之直鏈或 支鏈烷基、3至6個碳原子之環烷基、苯基及苄基,限制條 件為:除了在式(XVII)之三環辛烷化合物之狀況下之外, R1與R2不同時為氫;與下列各物之組合一起用於治療包括 疼痛在内的諸多適應症:選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑,例 如氟西汀(fluoxetine)、巾白羅西汀(paroxetine)、西酉太普蘭 (citalopram)及舍曲林(sertraline);混合血清素-去甲腎上腺 素再攝取抑制劑,例如米那普余(milnacipran)、文拉法辛 (venlafaxine)、度洛西汀(duloxetine);及選擇性去甲腎上腺 95403.doc 200526249 素再攝取抑制劑,例如瑞波西汀(reboxetine)。 在本發明之申請日未公開之國際專利申請案第 PCT/IB03/00976號描述了下式z之化合物··
其中Ri為氫或視情況經一至五個氟原子取代之(CrC6)烧 基; R2為氫或視情況經一至五個氟原子取代之(Ci-C6)烷基; 或
Ri及R2連同其所附著至之碳原子形成一個三至六員環烷 基環; I為(cvc6)烧基、((33<6)環烷基、(c3_C6)環烷基-(Ci-C3) 烧基、苯基、苯基-(Cl_c3)烷基…比啶基、π比啶基_(Ci-c3) 烷基、苯基-N(H)-、或啦啶基_N(H)_,其中每一前述烷基部 分皆可視情況經一至五個氟原子取代、較佳經零至三個氟 原子取代’且其中該苯基及該吡啶基及該苯基气Ci-c3)烷基 及该σ比咬基-(Ci-C3)烷基之苯基及吡啶基部分可視情況分 別經一至三個取代基取代,較佳為經零至兩個取代基取 代’該等取代基係獨立地選自氯、氟、胺基、硝基、氰基、 (C1-C3)烧基胺基、視情況經一至三個氟原子取代之(c^c3) 烷基及視情況經一至三個氟原子取代之(Ci-C3)烷氧基; R*4為氫或視情況經一至五個氟原子取代之(CrCj烧基;
Rs為氫或視情況可經一至五個氟原子取代之(Ci_c6)燒 95403.doc -9- 200526249 基;及 R6為氫或(CVC6)烷基; 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 許多類型的神經病症皆源自利、用特定單胺神經傳遞素 (monoamine neurotransmitter)來傳送訊號之腦迴路中的干 擾。單胺神經傳遞素包括(例如)血清素(5-HT)、正腎上腺素 (去甲腎上腺素)及多巴胺。此等神經傳遞素自神經元之末端 行進越過一小間隙(意即,突觸間隙)並黏合至第二個神經元 之表面上的受體分子。此黏合引起細胞内變化,該細胞内 變化可啓動或激活後突觸神經元中之響應或變化。鈍化主 要藉由將神經傳遞素向後傳輸(即再攝取)入前突觸神經元 中而發生。 選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑(S SRI)藉由以傳入神經元抑 制血清素之再攝取而起作用。此項技術中熟知之SSRI包括 (但不限於)舍曲林(Zoloft®)、舍曲林代謝物去甲基舍曲林、 氟西汀(Prozac®)、正氟西汀(norfluoxetine)(氟西汀去甲基代 謝物)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamineKLuvox®)、帕羅西汀(Seroxat⑧, Paxil,及其替代調配物Paxil-CR⑧、西酞普蘭(Celexa®)、西 酞普蘭代謝物去甲基西駄普蘭、依地普蘭 (escitalopram)(Lexapro⑧)、d,l-苯氟拉明(fenfluramine) (Pondimin®)、非莫西汀(femoxetine)、依夫西汀(ifoxetine)、 氰基多沙必(cyanodothiepin)、立替西汀(litoxetine)、達泊 西、;丁(dapoxetine)、奈法嗤酮(nefazodone)(Serxone⑧)、塞瑞 拉明(cericlamine)及曲嗤 S同(trazodone)(Desyrel®)。 95403.doc -10- 200526249 選擇性去甲腎上腺素(或正腎上腺素)再攝取抑制劑 (SNRI)藉由增加去甲腎上腺素含量而作用。此項技術中熟 知之SNRI包括(但不限於)瑞波西汀(Edronax®)及瑞波西汀 之所有對映異構體(意即(R/R,S/S,R/S,S/R))、地昔帕明 (desipramine)(Norpramin ⑧)、麥普替林(maprotiline) (Ludiomil®)、洛夫帕明(lofepramineXGamanil®)、米氮平 (mirtazepine)(Remeron⑧)、經丙替林(oxaprotiline)、非左拉 明(fezolamine)、托莫西汀(tomoxetine)、米安色林(mianserin) (Bolvidon®)、丁胺苯丙酮(buproprion) (Wellbutrin®)、丁胺 苯丙_代謝物羥基丁胺苯丙酮、語米芬辛(nomifensine) (Merital®)及維洛沙嗓(viloxazine)(Vivalan®)。 抑制血清素及正腎上腺素兩者之再攝取的雙重血清素一 去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(DSNRI)包含文拉法辛 (Effexor®)、文拉法辛代謝物0-去甲基文拉法辛、氣米帕明 (clomipramineXAnafranil,、氣米帕明代謝物去甲基氣米帕 明、度洛西汀(Cymbalta®)、米那普命及丙u米唤(imipramine) (Tofranil® 或 Janimine⑧)。 本發明中所引用之所有專利案及公開案之内容皆以引用 的方式倂入本文。 【發明内容】 已發現:藉由α-2-δ配位體與雙重血清素-去曱腎上腺素再 攝取抑制劑(DSNRI)或選擇性A清素再攝取抑制劑(SSRI) 及選擇性去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(SNRI)中之一者或兩 者之組合治療可導致疼痛治療中之改良。而且,當同時(連 95403.doc -11 - 200526249 績地或獨立地)投藥時,α-2-δ配位體與DSNRI或SSRI及 SNRI中之一者或兩者可以協同方式交互作用以控制疼痛。 此協同允許減少每種化合物所需之劑量、從而導致副作用 之減少並增強該等化合物之臨床效用。 因此’作為第一態樣,本發明提供一種包括仏2_δ配位體 與雙重血清素·去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(dsnri)或選擇 性血清素再攝取抑制劑(SSRI)及選擇性去曱腎上腺素再攝 取抑制劑(SNRI)中之一者或兩者之組合產物或其醫藥上可 接X之鹽,其限制條件為:排除與血清素再攝取抑制劑(特 定。之為氟西汀、帕羅西汀、西酞普蘭及舍曲林)、混合血 /月素去甲月上腺素再攝取抑制劑(特定言之為米那普侖、文 拉法辛及度洛西汀)及去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(特定言 之為瑞波西汀)組合之WO02/85839中之化合物⑴_(χχν)。 作為-替代或進-步之態樣,本發明提供—種包括 配位體與刪_SSRI及SNRI中之_料兩者的協同組合 產物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 猎由下式(I)來說明本發明之有效環…2_δ配位體··
X
其中X為緩酸或叛酸生物電子等排體 η為〇、1或2 ;及
R 、Rla、R2、R
95403.doc R及R4a係獨立地選自Η及 起以形成一C3-C7環烷基 -12- 200526249 環,其視情況經一或兩個選自Cl_C6烷基之取代基取代,或 其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 2 在式(I)中,R1、Rla、R2a、RjR4a 適合地為h,且 R2及R3係獨立地選自Η及甲基,或RU、R2a、R3a及R4^H, 且R1與R2或R2與R3可一起以形成一 C3_c?環烷基環,其視情 況經一或兩個甲基取代基取代。適合之羧酸生物電子等排 體係選自四唑基及噁二唑酮基。χ較佳為羧酸。
在式(I)中,R1、Ria、Rh、Rh、R4&R4a 較佳為 Η,且r2 與R3係獨立地選自H或甲基,或Rla、R2a、1133及114&為11且 R1與R2或R2與R3—起以形成一C4_Cs環烷基環,或當ng〇 時,R1、Rla、Rh、Rh、R4 及 R4a為 11且112與]^3 形成一環戊 基壤,或當η為 1時,R1、Rla、R2a、R3a、rir4、h&r2 與化兩者皆為甲基,或R1、RU、R2a、R3a、R4及R4a為h且 R與R3形成環丁基環;或當η為2時,Rl、Rla、r2、R2a、r3、 R3a、R4及 11钝為 H,或 n為 〇,R1、Rla、R2a、R3a、尺4及 R4a 為H且R2與R3形成環戊基環。 藉由下式(11)來說明本發明之有效非環ce-2-δ配位體: ^ 私s
其中: η為0或卜R1為氫或(CVC6)烧基;R2為氫或(Ci-C6)烧基; R3為氫或(cvc6)烷基;r4為氫或(Ci_c6)烷基;r5為氫或 (Ci-D烧基;且R6為氫或(Ci_C6成基,或其醫藥上可接受 95403.doc -13- 200526249 之鹽。 根據式(II),適合地,R1為CVC6烷基,R2為甲基,R3-R6 為氫且η為0或1。更適合地,R1為甲基、乙基、正丙基或正 丁基,R2為甲基,R3-R6為氫且η為0或1。當R2為甲基、R3-R6 為氫且η為0時,R1適合地為乙基、正丙基或正丁基。當R2 為甲基、R3-R6為氫且η為1時,R1適合地為甲基或正丙基。 式(II)之化合物適合地為3S,5R組態。 用於本發明之α-2-δ配位體之實例為彼等在下列專利中 一般或具體地揭示之化合物:US 4 024175,詳言之為加巴喷 丁; EP 641330,詳言之為普瑞巴林;US5563175、 W09733858、W09733859、WO9931057、WO9931074、 WO9729101、WO02085839,詳言之為[(lR,5R,6S)-6_(胺基 甲基)雙環[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸;W0993 1075,詳言之為3-(1-胺基甲基-環己基甲基)-4Η-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-酮及C-[1-(1H-四唑-5-基甲基)-環庚基]·甲胺;W09921824,詳言之為 (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸; WOO 190052、WOO 128978,詳言之為(1α,3α,5α)(3-胺基-甲 基-雙環[3_2·0]庚-3-基)-乙酸;ΕΡ0641330、W09817627、 W00076958,詳言之為(3S,5R)-3-胺基曱基-5-甲基-辛酸; PCT/IB03/00976,詳言之為(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-庚酸、 (3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-壬酸及(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-辛 酸;EP1178034、EP1201240、WO9931074、W003000642、 WO0222568、W00230871、W00230881、W002100392 > W002100347、WO0242414、WO0232736及 WO022888 卜或 95403.doc -14- 200526249 八商τττ上了接雙之鹽,δ亥專專利案中之全部以引用的方式 倂入本文中。 本發明之較佳α-2-δ配位體包括:加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林、 [(1R,5R,6S)_6_(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2〇]庚基]乙酸、3_(1_ 胺基甲基_環己基甲基)-4Η-[1,2,4]噁二唑_5_酮、 四唑_5·基甲基)_環庚基]·甲胺、(3S,4SH1-胺基甲基-3,4-二 曱基-環戊基)-乙酸、(1α,3α,5α〇(3_胺基_甲基-雙環[32〇]庚 -3-基)-乙酸、(3s,5R)-3-胺基甲基巧_曱基-辛酸、(3s,5r)_3· 胺基-5-曱基-庚酸、(3S,5R)_3_胺基_5•甲基_壬酸及 (3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-辛酸,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。本 發明之尤其較佳之α-2-δ配位體係選自加巴噴丁、普瑞巴 林、[(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3 2 〇]庚_6_基]乙酸及 (1α,3ο:,5ο〇(3-胺基-曱基-雙環[3·2〇]庚_3_基)-乙酸,或其醫 藥上可接受之鹽。 根據本發明之有效SSRI&含彼等包括於US4536518之揭 示内容中的SSRI,意即,式(111)之順異構化合物:
(III) 其中Ri係選自由氫及1至3個碳原子之正常烷基組成之 群’ R2為1至3個碳原子之正常烧基,z為
95403.doc -15· 200526249 X及Y係各自選自由氫、氟、氯、溴、三氟曱基、1至3個 碳原子之烷氧基及氰基組成之群,其中X及γ中之至少一者 不為氫,且W係選自由氫、氟、氯、溴、三氟曱基及1至3 個碳原子之烷氧基組成之群,且其中術語”順異構”係指環 己烯環上NRiR2與Ζ部分之相對方位,而該化合物為對 映異構體或該(1S)-對映異構體與相應之對映異構體 或其前藥或其之醫藥上可接受之鹽或該前藥之醫藥上可接 受之鹽的外消旋混合物。式(111)之尤其較佳之化合物為舍 曲林。 用於本發明之SSRI之實例為在下列專利中一般或具體揭 示之化合物:U.S· 4,536,518,詳言之為舍曲林;us 4,943,59G [RE 34,712]、U.s. 4,65G,884 ,詳言之為西酜普 闌;U.S. 3,198,834 ,詳言之為d,卜苯氟拉明;u s. 3,912,743、4,571,424,詳言之為非莫西、;了 ; u s. 4,314,〇8i、 4,626,549,詳言之為1西、;了 ; US 4,G85,225,詳言之為說 伏西汀(flUV〇Xetine); U.S· 3,912,743、4,007,196,詳言之 為帕羅西汀、依夫西汀、氰基多沙必及立替西彳,或豆醫 藥上可接受之鹽,該等專利中之全部以引用的方式倂I本 文中。 適用於本發明之SSRI包括舍曲林、舍曲林代謝物去甲基 舍曲林、氟西汁、正氟西讓西江去f基代謝物)、氣伏沙 羅以丁及其替代調配物paxll_CR@、西酞普蘭、西酿 : 物去甲基西敌普蘭、依地普蘭、㈣氟拉明、非 莫西〉丁、依夫…丁、氰基多沙必、立替…丁、達泊西;丁、 95403.doc » 16- 200526249 奈法唑酮、塞瑞拉明及曲唑酮,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 SSRI較佳為舍曲林或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 本發明之有效SNRI包含US4229449中所揭示之化合物, 意即’對應於式(IV)之化合物之外消旋物及光學異構體,
較佳為對應於式(IV)的經取代之丙醇胺及嗎啉衍生物, 其中: η及〜獨立地為1、2或3 ; 可為相同或不同的基團尺與心各自可為氫、鹵素、鹵代 C^C:6烷基、羥基、烷氧基、視情況經取代之(^广匕烷 基、視情況經取代之芳基-Cl-C6烷基、視情況可經取代之芳 基氧基、_n〇2、
其中R5及R0獨立地為氫或C「C6烷基,或兩個相鄰的尺基 團或兩個相鄰的心基團一起形成_0_CH2-0_基團; R2為氫、視情況經取代之Cl-Cl2烷基,或芳基-Ci_c6烷基; 可為相同或不同的基團R3與R4各自可為氫、視情況經取 代之CrC:6烷基、CrC4烯基、C2_C:4炔基、視情況經取代之 芳基-CrC4烷基、視情況經取代之CrC?環烷基,或心及^^ , 鉍其所黏合至之氮原子形成一個五員或六員、飽和或不飽 95403.doc •17- 200526249 和、視情況經取代之雜單環基團,其視情況包含屬於〇、s 的其他雜原子;或起形成2_Cu 團。較佳的式(IV)之化合物之代表為瑞波西汀。 土 用於本發明之麵之實例為下列專利中一般或具體揭 不之化合物:U.S· 4,229,449、5,㈣,433、5,391,735,詳t ; BP 908,788,980,231 . U.S. 3,454,554 -#Ι 之為地昔帕明;U.S· 3,399,2G1,詳言之為麥普替林^ 申請案第6, 6G3,256號、U.S. 3,534,G41,詳言之為米安舍林 (mianSerin) ; U.S. 4,062,843,詳言之為米氮平;卩 s 4,314,081. 4,018,895 ^ 4,194,009, 4,535,186、4,611,〇78,詳言之為文拉法辛,及μ 3风m、3,885,G46,詳言之為丁胺苯丙_,絲丙替林 及非左拉明’或其醫藥上可接受之鹽’該等專利中之全部 白以引用的方式倂入本文中。 根據本發明之SNRI特定實例包括瑞波西汁及瑞》皮西汀 之所有對映異構體(意即’(R/R,S/S,R/S,S/R))、地昔帕明、 麥普替林、洛夫㈣、米氮平、文拉法辛(描述於美國專利 第4,761,5〇1號中)、羥丙替林、非左拉明、托莫西汀、米安 舍林及丁胺苯㈣、T胺苯㈣代謝物㈣丁胺苯丙剩、 =米芬辛或維洛沙嗪,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。snri較佳 自麥普替林、地昔帕明 丁日念金 乜曰阳月丁月女本丙酮、瑞波西汀及s,s_ 瑞波西汀,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 可藉由式(V)之化合物來說明根據本發明之有效励RI。 95403.doc -18- (V) 200526249
其中本環A與苯環B可各自獨立地經萘基置換,且其中當 本衣A、、’工示基置換日丁,將結構I之_性氧(ethereai 〇Xygen)與 R3、R4及NWR2所附著之碳原子附著至萘基之相鄰環碳原
子,且该等相鄰環碳原子中之任一者皆不與該萘基之稠合 環碳原子相鄰; η及m係獨立地選自1、2及3 ;
R1及R2係獨立地選自氫、(Ci_C4)烷基、(C2_C4)烯基石 (C2_C4)炔基,或汉1及尺2連同其所附著至之氮原子形成一告 含-或兩個雜原子之四至八員飽和環,該等雜原子包含R 與R2所附著至之氮原子’其中若存在第二雜原子,則該第 二雜原子係選自氧、氮及硫,限制條件為:該環不能含有 兩個相鄰氧原子或兩個相鄰硫原子,且其中該環於可利用 =黏合部位(binding site)可視情況經_至三個獨立地選自 备基及(CVC6)烧基之取代基取代; R3及R4係獨立地選自氫及視情況經一至三個氟原子取代 之(Cl_C4)烧基,或R3與R4連同其所附著至之碳原子形成四 至八員飽和碳環;且其中該環於可㈣之黏合部位可視情 :經-至三個獨立地選自經基及(Ci_C6)貌基之取代基取 代, 或R2與R3連同R2所附著 至之氮原子及R3所 附著至之碳原 95403.doc -19- 200526249 子形成一包含一或兩個雜原子之四至八員飽和環,該等雜 原子包含R2所附著至之氮原子,其中若存在第二雜原子, 則該第二雜原子係選自氧、氮及硫,限制條件為··該環不 能含有兩個相鄰氧原子或兩個相鄰硫原子,且其令該環於 可利用之黏合部位可視情況經一至三個獨立地選自羥基或 (Ci-C6)烷基之取代基取代; 每一 X係獨立地選自氫、鹵基(意即氯基、氟基、溴基或 碘基)、視情況經一至三個氟原子取代之(C1_C4)烷基、視情 況經一至三個氟原子取代之(C1_C4)烷氧基、氰基、硝基、 胺基、(CVC4)烷基胺基、雙-[(CVC4)烷基]胺基、nr5(c = 0)(cvc4)烷基、s〇2Nr5r6及SOp(CVC6)烷基,其中r5&r6 係獨立地選自氫及(Ci-C6)烷基,且p為〇、;及 每一 Y係獨立地選自氫、(Cl_c6)烷基及鹵基; 限制條件為:⑷僅NRiR2、CR3R4& r2ncr3中之一者可 =成:環;且(b)當⑴“與“皆為氫,(⑴…與…係獨立地 選自氫及(CrCU)烷基,且(iiipfB為單環或分別經一或兩個 鹵基雙取代之環時,至少一個x必須不為氫;及其醫藥上可 接叉之鹽。根據式V之化合物描述於貿〇 〇〇/5〇38〇中。 根據本發明之適合之DSNRI係選自文拉法辛、文拉法辛 代4t物〇-去甲基文拉法辛、氯米帕明、氣米帕明代謝物去 甲基氯米帕明、度洛西汀、米那普侖及丙咪嗪,或其醫藥 上可接文之鹽。根據本發明之較佳DSNRI係選自米那普 时、度洛西汀及文拉法辛或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 任何特定DSNRI、SSRI或SNRI之適合性可藉由利用文獻 95403.doc -20- 200526249 方法牙估其效力及選擇性、接著根據標準醫藥規範 (standard pharmaceutical practices)評估其毒性、吸收、代 謝、藥物動力學等等而容易地得以判定。
作為本發明之一替代或進一步之態樣,提供一種組合, 其包括加巴喷丁或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及選自文拉法 辛、文拉法辛代謝物去甲基文拉法辛、氯米帕明、氯米 帕月代謝物去甲基氯米帕明、度洛西汀、米那普侖及丙咪 禾之DSNRI,或選自舍曲林、氣西$丁、氣伏沙明、帕羅西 丁西醜、曰’蘭、d,l_苯氟拉明、非莫西;丁、曲嗤g同、塞瑞拉 明、依夫西汀、氰基多沙必及立替西汀或其醫藥上可接受 之鹽的SSRI與選自瑞波西汀、S,S-瑞波西江、地昔帕明、 麥晋替林、洛夫帕明、米安舍林、米氮平、經丙替林、非 左拉明、托莫西>、丁或丁胺苯丙酮、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽 的SNRI中之-者或兩者,及其醫藥上可接受之鹽。尤其較 佳之組合包括加巴噴了及舍曲林、轉普侖、度洛西^、
文拉法辛、麥普替#、地昔帕明、丁胺苯賴、瑞波西汁 或S,S-瑞波西汀中之一者及其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 作為本發明之-替代或進—步之態樣,提供—種組合, 其包括普瑞巴林及選自文拉法辛、文拉法辛代謝物〇-去甲 基文拉法辛、氣米帕明、氣米帕明代謝物去甲基氣米帕明、 度洛西、米那普命及丙味嗓之DSNRI,或具有選自舍曲 林、氟西汀、氟伏沙明、帕羅西汀、西酞普蘭、认苯氟拉 明、非莫西汀、曲唑酮、塞瑞拉明、依夫西汀、氰基多沙 必及立替西汀、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的ssri與選自瑞波 95403.doc -21 · 200526249 西汀、s,s-瑞波西汀、地昔帕明、麥普替林、洛夫帕明、 米安舍林、米氮平、羥丙替林、非左拉明、托莫西汀或丁 胺苯丙酮、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的SNRI中之一者或兩 者、及其醫藥上可接受之鹽的組合。尤其較佳之組合包括 晋瑞巴林、及舍曲林、米那普侖、度洛西汀、文拉法辛、 麥普替林、地昔帕明、丁胺笨㈣、瑞波西、汀或s,s-瑞波 西>丁中之一者、及其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 作為本發明之一替代或進一步之態樣,提供一種組合, 其包括(1α,3α,5α〇(3-胺基-曱基_雙環[3 2 〇]庚_3_基>乙酸或 其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及DSNRI、或中之一者 或兩者。適當地,本發明提供一種組合,其包括(1α,3α,5α)(3_ 月女基-甲基-雙環[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸或其醫藥上可接受之 鹽,及選自文拉法辛、文拉法辛代謝物〇_去甲基文拉法辛、 虱米帕明、氯米帕明代謝物去甲基氯米帕明、度洛西汀、 米那普命、及丙味嗪之DSNRI,或選自舍曲林、氣西江、 氟伏沙明、帕羅西汀、西酞普蘭、d山苯氟拉明、非莫西;丁、 曲唑酮、塞瑞拉明、依夫西汀、氰基多沙必及立替西汀、 或,、西市上可接欠之鹽的SSRI與選自瑞波西汀、s,s-瑞波 西'、地昔帕明、麥普替林、洛夫帕明、米安舍林、米氮 平羟丙潫林、非左拉明、托莫西汀或丁胺苯丙酮、或其 w藥上可接%之鹽的SNRI中之一者或兩者,及其醫藥上可 接又之鹽。尤其較佳之組合包括(丨以»)(3_胺基-甲基_雙 衣[3.2.〇]庚_3-基).乙酸、及舍曲林、米那普侖、度洛西汀、 文拉去ψ麥晋替林、地昔帕明、丁胺苯丙晒、瑞渡西汀 95403.doc -22- 200526249 或s,s-瑞波西汀及其醫藥上可接受之鹽中之—者。 作為本發明之又一較佳態樣,該組合係選自: 加巴噴丁及舍曲林; 加巴噴丁及米那普侖; 加巴噴丁及度洛西汀; 加巴喷丁及文拉法辛; 加巴喷丁及麥普替林; 加巴噴丁及地昔帕明; 加巴噴丁及丁胺笨丙酮; 加巴噴丁及瑞波西汀; 加巴喷丁及s,s-瑞波西汀; 普瑞巴林及舍曲林; 普瑞巴林及米那普侖; 普瑞巴林及度洛西汀; 普瑞巴林及文拉法辛; 普瑞巴林及麥普替林; 普瑞巴林及地昔帕明; 普瑞巴林及丁胺苯丙姻; 普瑞巴林及瑞波西汀; 普瑞巴林及S,S -瑞波西汀; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基曱基)雙環[3·2·0]庚_6_基]乙酸及舍 曲林; - [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2·〇]庚-6-基]乙酸及米 • 那普侖; 95403.doc -23- 200526249 [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2·0]庚-6-基]乙酸及度 洛西汀; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸及文 拉法辛; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸及麥 普替林; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸及地 昔帕明; [(lR,5R,6S)]-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2·0]庚-6-基]乙酸及丁 胺苯丙酮; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2·0]庚-6-基]乙酸及瑞 波西汀; [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)雙環[3·2·〇]庚-6-基]乙酸及S,S-瑞波西汀; (1〇:,3〇:,5〇〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.〇]庚-3-基)-乙酸及舍曲 林; (1α,3α,5α〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3·2·〇]庚-3-基)-乙酸及米那 普侖; (la,3ce,5o〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3·2·〇]庚-3-基)-乙酸及度洛 西>丁, (1〇:,3〇:,5〇0(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及文拉 法辛; (1〇:,3&,5〇:)(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.〇]庚-3-基)-乙酸及麥晋 替林; 95403.doc -24- 200526249 (1〇^,3%5〇0(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及地昔 帕明; (1α,3α,5α〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3·2·0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及丁胺 苯丙酮; (1〇:,3〇;,5〇〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及瑞波 西汀; (1α,3α,5ο〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及S,S-瑞波西汀; (38,48)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)_乙酸及舍曲林; (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基_環戊基)_乙酸及米那普 命, (3S,4SH1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸及度洛西 汀; (3S,4SH1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)_乙酸及文拉法 辛; (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸及麥普替 林; (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4_二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸及地昔帕 明; (3S,4S)-(1-胺基曱基-3,4-二甲基環戊基)-乙酸及丁胺笨 丙酉同; (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二曱基-環戊基)_乙酸及瑞波西 汀;及 (3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸及S,S-瑞 95403.doc -25- 200526249 波西、;丁; 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 單一劑型的本發明之組合適合投藥至任何哺乳動物受檢 者,較佳為人類。可以每天投藥一次(o.d·)、兩次(b.i.d·)或 一夂(ta_d·) ’適合為b.i.d·或t.i.d·,更適合為b.i.d·,最適合 為 o.d· 〇
因此,作為本發明之一進一步之態樣,提供7α_2_δ配位 體與DSNRI或證认训附之一者或兩者之組合、尤其是 協同組合在製造用於疼痛之治癒性、預防性或減輕性治療 之每天一次、兩次或三次、適合為每天兩次或三次、更適 -為母天兩人表適合為母天一次的投藥藥劑中的用途。 或者,提供一種用於哺乳動物受檢者之疼痛的治癒性、 預防性或減輕性治療的方法,其包括每天一次、兩次或三 次:適合為每天兩次或三次、更適合為每天兩次、最適合 為每天一次地投藥α-2_δ配位體與DSNRI或“以及snri中 之一者或兩者之有效、尤其為協同組合。
一或多種組份之間的協同交互作用、該效用的最佳範 及用於該效用的各種組份的絕對劑量範圍的判定可藉由 不同w/w比率範圍及劑量向需要治療之患者投藥該等电 而得=最終量測。對於人類,對患者進行臨床研究之複 性及高成本使得將此測試形態用《協同作用^要模型| 付不切貫際。然而’對一個物種的協同作用之觀洌可成 另一物種及本文所描述的存在之動物模型之效應的i 量測協同效果,且此等研究之結果亦可用於藉由應用藥4 95403.doc -26- 200526249 血漿濃度比率範圍
動力學/樂效學方法來預測有效劑量及 及其他物種所需之絕對劑量及血漿濃度 觸摸痛量測法來最佳證明動物t之協同作用。因為此等模 型中之平臺效應(plateau effect),所以其價值最佳按協同作 用之觀”來,平疋,對神經痛患者此協同作用將轉變為劑量 節約優勢。其中用於治療神經痛之現有藥劑僅引起局部回 應的其他模型更適合於預測可協同作用以便以兩種組份之 最大容許劑量產生增加之最大療效之組合的潛能。 因此,作為本發明之一進一步之態樣,提供一種用於人 類投樂之協同組合,其包括^^-^配位體與DSNRI、SSRI^ SNRI、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽中之一者,以主要用於識別 協同交互作用的對應於在非人類動物模型、較佳大鼠模型 上所觀察到之絕對範圍的w/w之組合範圍而組合。適合地, 人類之比率範圍對應於選自下列重量份之非人類範圍: 1:50至50:1,1:50至20:1,1:50至 10:1,1:50至 1:1,1:2〇至 50:1 , 1:20至 20:1 , 1:20至10:1 , 1:20至 1:1 , 1:1〇至5〇:1 , 1:10至 20:1,1:1〇至 10:1,1:10至 1:卜 1:1至5〇:卜 ^至⑼q 及1:1至10:1。更適合地,人類範圍對應於重量份為1:1〇至 20:1之非人類範圍。較佳地,人類範圍對應於重量份約為 1:1至10:1之協同非人類範圍。 對於人類,若干實驗疼痛模型可用於人體以證明對動物 95403.doc -27- 200526249 具有已證實之協同作用的藥劑對與該協同作用相容之人類 亦有效果。適合此目的之人類模型的實例包含熱/辣椒素模 型(Petersen,K.L. & Rowbotham,M.C. (1999) NeuroRep〇rt 10,1511-1516)、i.d 辣椒素模型(Andersen,O.L.,Felsby,S., Nicolaisen,L·,Bjerring,P·,Jsesn,T.S· & Arendt-Nielsen,L. (1996) Pain 66,51-62),包括重複性辣椒素損傷之使用 (Witting, N.5 Svesson, P.5 Arendt-Nielsen, L. &Jensen? T.S. (2000) Somatosensory Motor Res· 17, 5-12),及總和或終結 回應(Curatolo,Μ·等人(2000)Anesthesiology 93,1517-1 530)。利用此等模型,痛覺過敏之疼痛強度或區域之主觀 評估可用作端點,或可採用依賴於生理電學或成像技術(諸 如功能性磁共振成像)的更客觀之端點(B〇rnh〇vd,κ.,
Quante,M·,Glauche,V·,Bromm,B·,Weiller,C· & Buchel,C_ (2002) Brain 125, 1326-1336)。在作出所有此等模型可在人 類中提供支持已在動物研究中觀察到的組合之協同作用的 根據這一結論之前,其要求客觀證實之根據。 對於本舍明’在人類中,適合之配位體與dsnri、 SSRI或SNRI之比率範圍係選自下列重量份· 1:5〇至5〇:i、 1:50 至 20:1、1:50至10:1、1:5〇至1:1、1:2〇至 5〇:1、12〇至 20· 1 1.20至 10:1、1:2〇至 1:1、1 · 10至 卜 1〇至 n、L ⑺ 至 10:1、1··10至 1:1、1:1至50:1、1:na1:u1〇:i,更 適合為1:10至20:1,較佳為1:1至1〇: i。 “協同之每一組份之最佳劑量可根據動物模型之公開程序 來判定。然而,對人類而言(即使在疼痛實驗模型中),用於 95403.doc 200526249 2九以判疋組合之每一組份的所有治療相關劑量之整個曝 路二應關係之成本可能很高。有必要、至少在最初有必要 估冲疋否可觀察到與以自動物中提供最佳協同作用之劑量 推斷出之劑量所得到的協同作用-致的效應。在從動物至 、j匕例放大劑量時,冑要考慮諸如相對體重/體表面 積、每-組份之相對吸收、分佈、新陳代謝及排泄及相對 血展蛋白質結合的因素’且由於此等原因,所預測之對於 人類(且亦對於患者)的最佳劑量比率可能與動物中所展示 之最佳劑量比率不同 '然而,熟習動物及人類藥物動力學 w者可理解並计异出此兩者之間的關係。對於在動物 研究中所使用之每一組份所獲得之血漿濃度在建立動物與 颂之間的橋梁上很重要,因為其關係到所期望的在人類 中提仏療效之每一組份的血漿濃度。藥物動力學/藥效學模 型(包3諸如等紅外線譜(isobol〇gram)、交互作用指數及回 應表面模型之方法)及模擬可有助於預測人類之協同劑量 比率,尤其是當已在人類中研究了此等組份中之任一者或 兩者時。 探知是否動物或人類中所觀察的任何最終協同僅歸因於 藥物動力學交互作用。舉例而言,藉由另一種化合物抑制 一種化合物之代謝可能給出藥效協同之錯誤印象。
—因此,根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種用於向人類投 某之協同、、且a,δ亥組合包括α_2-δ配位體、及DSNR]^ SSRI 與SNRI或其醫藥上可接受之鹽中之—者或兩者,其中每一 組份之劑量範圍對應於在主要用於識別協同交互作用之非 95403.doc •29- 200526249 人類動物模型、較佳為大鼠模型中所觀察之絕對範圍。 適合地,用於人類之α-2-δ配位體的劑量在選自下列範圍 之範圍内:卜1200毫克、1-500毫克、1-100毫克、uo毫克、 1-25毫克、500-1200毫克、100-1200毫克、100_5〇〇毫克、 50-1200毫克、50-500毫克或50-100毫克,適合為5〇_1〇〇毫 克,b.i.d·或t.i.d·,適合為t.i.d.,且SSRI及/或SNRI之劑量 在選自下列範圍之範圍内:1-200毫克、1_1 〇〇毫克、uo 毫克、1-25毫克、1(Μ〇〇毫克、10_50毫克或1〇·25毫克,適 合為10-100毫克,b.i.d或t.i.d,適合為t.i.d。 熟習此項技術之讀者將易於瞭解,所需的用於提供治療 效果之本發明的α-2-δ配位體及DSNRI或SSRI與SNRI中之 一者或兩者之組合的血漿濃度範圍視待治療之物種及所使 用之組份而定。舉例而言,對於大鼠中之加巴噴丁,其 值自0.5 20微克/毫升至ι〇·5微克/毫升變化。 可使用標準PK/PD及異速生長方法來推斷在動物模型中 所觀察之血漿濃度值,以預測在不同物種、尤其人類中之 值。 口此作為本發明之另一態樣,提供一種用於向人類投 樂之協同組合,該組合包括仏2_5配位體 SNRI中之一者或兩者,彡中每一組份之血漿濃度範圍對應 於主要用於識別協同交互作用之非人類動物模型、較佳為 大鼠模型中所觀察之絕對範圍。適合地,對於大鼠模型中 之α-2_δ配位體’人類的金聚濃度範圍對應於gq5微克/毫升 至10 · 5微克/愛升的範圍。 95403.doc -30- 200526249 本發明之尤其較佳之組合包含其中組合之每一變量皆選 自每-變量之適合參數的組合。本發明之更佳之組合包含 . 《中組合之每-變量皆選自每-變量之更適合、最適合、 較佳或更佳之參數的組合。 【實施方式】 本發明之化合物可藉由熟習此項技術者熟知之方法來製 備m之’上文中所提及之該等專利、專射請案及 公開案中之每一者(其皆以引用的方式倂入本文译例說明 了根據本發明之可用於該等組合之化合物、醫藥組合物、 方法及套組(kit),且涉及彼等化合物之製備方法。 本組合發明之化合物可以非溶劑化形態及包含水合形態 之溶劑化形態而存在。通常,包含水合形態之溶劑化形態 可含有同位素取代基(例如D20, d6_丙酮,d6_DMs〇),該 等溶劑化形態等同於非溶劑化形態且包含在本發明之範疇 内。 本發明之某些化合物具有一或多個手性中心且每一中心 可存在於R或S組態中。本發明包括所有對映異構體及差向 異構體及其適當之混合物。非對映異構體或順及反式異構 體之分離可藉由習知技術(例如藉由本發明之化合物或適 &之鹽或其衍生物之立體異構混合物之分步結晶、層析咬 H.P.L.C·)來達成。 本發明之諸多α-2-δ配位體為胺基酸。因為胺基酸為兩性 •的,所以藥理相容之鹽可為適當之無毒無機或有機酸或鹼 * 之鹽。適合之酸加成鹽為乙酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、笨曱酸鹽、 95403.doc -31 - 200526249 苯磺酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽/碳酸鹽、硫酸氩鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、檸 檬酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、反式丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚 糖酸鹽(gluceptate)、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡萄糖醛酸鹽 (glucuronate)、苯紮鹽(hibenzate)、鹽酸鹽/氣化物、氫溴酸 鹽/溴化物、氫碘酸鹽/碘化物、磷酸氫鹽、羥乙磺酸鹽、 D-及L-乳酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、甲 磧酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽(methy 1 sulphate)、2-萘石黃酸鹽、煙酸 鹽、硝酸鹽、乳清酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽(palmoate)、磷酸鹽、糖 質酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、琥酸鹽硫酸鹽(succinate sulphate)、 D-及L-酒石酸鹽、及甲苯磺酸鹽。適合之鹼鹽係自形成無 毒鹽之驗形成,且實例為鈉、卸、銘、#5、鎮、鋅、膽鹼、 二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、精胺酸、甘胺酸(glycine)、胺基丁三 醇(tromethamine)、苄星、離胺酸、甲基葡胺及二乙胺鹽。 具有四級銨離子之鹽亦可藉由(例如)四甲基銨離子來製 備。本發明之化合物亦可形成為兩性離子。 本發明之胺基酸化合物之適合之鹽為氫氣酸鹽。對適合 鹽之評論參看 Stahl and Wermuth, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany (2002) 〇 亦在本發明之範疇内的是絡合物(clathrate)、包含藥物主 體(drug-host)之複合物,其中,與上述之溶劑化物形成對 比,該藥物及主體以非化學計量之量存在。對該等複合物 之評論參看 Haleblian 之 J Pharm Sci,Μ (8), 1269-1288 (August 1975) ° 95403.doc -32- 200526249 在下文中對本發明之化合物之參考包括對其鹽及對本發 明之化合物之溶劑化物及絡合物及其鹽之參考。 其多晶型物亦包括於本發明之化合物之本範疇内。 本發明之上述化合物之前藥包括在本發明之範疇内。經 化學改質之藥物或前藥應具有不同於母體之藥物動力學概 況,使能夠藉由上皮較容易吸收、較佳之鹽調配物及/或溶 解性、改良之系統安定性(例如,血漿半衰期中之增加)。該 等化學改質可為: (1) 可藉由(例如)酯酶或脂肪酶來分解之酯或醯胺衍生 物。對於自旨衍生物,該醋係藉由熟知方式自藥物分子之緩 酸部分衍生。對於醯胺衍生物,該醯胺可藉由熟知方式自 藥物分子之羧酸部分或胺部分衍生。 (2) 可藉由特定或非特定蛋白酶來識別之肽。肽可藉由熟 知方式經由與該藥物分子之胺或羧酸部分之醯胺結合形成 而耦合至藥物分子。 (3) 藉由前藥形態或經改質之前藥形態之薄膜選擇而在 作用處堆積之衍生物。 (4) 任何1至3之組合。 醯胺基-乙二醇酯及醯胺基-乳酸酯被稱作胺基酸之前藥 (Wermuth C.G_,Chemistry and Industry,1980:433-435) 〇 胺 基酸之羰基可藉由熟知方式來酯化。前藥及軟性藥物為此 項技術所已知(Palomino E·,Drugs of the Future, 1990; 15(4):361-368)。後兩處引用係以引用之方式倂入本文 中〇 95403.doc -33- 200526249
刺激之強度、 導速度之小直徑軸突。傷害感受器編碼有害 持續時間及性質且根據其至脊髓之局部解剖 組織投影來編碼該等刺激之位置。該等傷害感受器發現於 傷告感文神經纖維上,該等傷害感受神經纖維有兩種主要 類型:Α-δ纖維(有髓鞘的)與C纖維(無髓鞘的)。在經背角中 之複雜處理之後,由傷害感受器輸入產生之活動直接地或 經由腦幹轉驛核轉移至腹基底之丘腦並接著到達產生疼痛 感覺之皮質。 劇烈的急性疼痛及慢性疼痛可涉及藉由病理學過程驅策 之相同路徑,且由於此種間斷提供一種保護機制,且反而 有助於削弱與許多疾病狀態有關之症狀。疼痛是許多損傷 及疾病狀態之特徵。當經由疾病或損傷對身體組織產生實 貝k吾日’彳努害感受裔活動之特徵則會改變。在局部圍繞 k吾之周邊及害感受器終止之中心存在感受作用。此導 致在損害處及正常組織附近之超敏性。在 急性疼痛中’該等機制是有用的並允許發生修復過程,且 一旦損傷癒合,該超敏性即恢復正常。然而,在諸多慢性 疼痛狀態中,該超敏性遠比治癒過程長且通常係歸因於神 95403.doc -34- 200526249 反糸統傷吾。此傷宝紋登道^ 秀n吊v致傳入纖維之適應不良(W〇〇lf & Salter 2000 Science ?rr· \ncc λ^·,^ 8· 1765-1768)。當不適及反常之敏 感性成為患者症狀中的特徵時,臨床疼痛才出3¾。患者傾 向於成為完全異樣且可表現為各種疼痛症狀。存在諸多典 型之疼痛子型· 1)自發疼痛,其可為遲鈍、強烈或刺痛; 2)對有害刺激之疼痛回應被誇大(痛覺過敏);3)由通常之無 。刺激而產生之疼痛(異常疼痛)(Meyw等人,1994 Textb〇〇k of Pam 13-44)。儘官有背部疼痛、關節疼痛、cns外傷或 神經痛之患者可具有類似的症狀,但潛在機制是不同的, 且因此可能要求不同之治療方案。由於不同的病理生理 學’因此可將疼痛劃分成諸多不同範圍,言亥等包括傷害感 受性疼痛、炎性疼痛、神經痛等等。應注意:某些類型之 疼痛具有多重病因且因此可分類入多個範圍,例如背痛、 癌性疼痛皆具有傷害感受性及神經性成份。 傷害感受性疼痛係由組織損傷或由具有導致損傷潛能之 劇烈刺激引起。疼痛傳入係藉由在損傷處傷害感受器所進 订的刺激之轉換、且使處於其末端水平之脊髓變得敏感而 得以激活。此接著在脊髓管(spinal tract)向上傳送至感受疼 痛之腦(Meyer等人,1994 Textbook of Pain 13-44)。傷害感 叉為之活化作用激活兩種類型之傳入神經纖維。有髓鞘的 Α-δ纖維傳遞迅速並負責劇痛及刺痛感覺,同時無髓鞘的。 纖維以較慢之速率傳遞並傳送鈍痛或酸痛。中等至劇烈急 性傷吾感叉疼痛為(但不限於)來自拉傷/扭傷、術後疼痛(在 任何類型之外科手術程序之後的疼痛)、外傷後疼痛、燒 95403.doc -35- 200526249 傷、心肌梗塞、急性胰腺炎及腎絞痛之疼痛的顯著特徵。 此外,與癌症相關之急性疼痛症候群通常歸因於治療之交 互作用’堵如化學療法毋性、免疫療法、激素療法及放射 線療法。中等至劇烈急性傷害感受疼痛為(但不限於)下列疼 痛之顯著特徵:癌性疼痛,其可能為與腫瘤相關之疼痛(例 如骨痛、頭部及面部疼痛、臟器痛)或與癌症治療相關聯之 疼痛(例如化學療法後之症候群、慢性外科手術後疼痛症候 群、放射療法後之症候群);背痛,其可歸因於椎間盤突出 或椎間盤破裂,或腰小面關節(lumber facet joint)、龍藤關 節、脊椎旁肌肉(paraspinalmuscle)或後縱韋刃帶之異常。 將神經痛定義為由神經系統中之原發性損害(primary lesion)或功能障礙引發或導致之疼痛(Iasp定義)。神經損害 可由外傷及疾病導致且因此術語”神經痛”包含許多不同病 因之病症。該等包括(但不限於)糖尿病神經痛、帶狀癌療後 神經痛(Post herpetic neuralgia)、背痛、癌症神經痛、mv 神經痛、幻肢痛、腕隧道徵候群(Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)、 f艾性醇中毒、甲狀腺功能低下(hypothyroidism)、三叉神經 痛、尿毒癥、或維生素缺乏症。由於神經痛不具有保護作 用’因此神經痛是病態的。其經常在最初之病因消失後完 全出現’通常會持續多年,使患者之生活品質顯著下降 (Woolf and Mannion 1999 Lancet 3 53: 1959-1964)。神經痛 之症狀難以治療’因為即使在患有相同疾病之患者之間, 该專症狀經常是異樣的(Woolf & Decosterd 1999 Pain Supp. 6: S141-S147; Woolf and Mannion 1999 Lancet 353: 95403.doc •36· 200526249 1959-1964)。其包括自發疼痛,其可為持續、突發性及反常 之激發痛,諸如痛覺過敏(對有害刺激之增強的敏感)及異常 疼痛(對通常無害刺激之敏感)。 發炎過程為回應組織損傷或外來物質之存在而激發的一 系列複雜生物化學及細胞事件,其導致膨脹及疼痛的 (Levine and Taiwo 1994: Textbook of Pain 45-56) 〇 關節痛組 成炎性疼痛之大多數。風濕症疾病為發達國家中之最普遍 的慢性炎症之一,且風濕性關節炎為殘疾之通常原因。RA 之確切病因係未知的,但當前假設提出:遺傳學及微生物 學因素中之兩者皆可能很重要(Grennan & Jayson 1994 Textbook of Pain 397-407)。據估計:幾乎一千六百萬美國 人患有有症狀之骨關節炎(osteoarthritis (0A))或退化性關 節疾病(其中大多數人超過六十歲),且隨著人口年齡之增 長,預期此數字將增加至四千萬,使得其成為龐大數量之 公共健康問題(Houge & Mersfelder 2002 Ann Pharmacother· 36: 679-686; McCarthy 等人,1994 Textbook of Pain 387-395)。因為疼痛,所以大多數OA患者都尋求醫治。關 節炎在社會心理及生理功能上具有顯著影響,且已知其將 成為晚年生活中殘疾的主要原因。其他類型之炎性疼痛包 括(但不限於)炎性腸道疾病(IBD)。 其他類型之疼痛包括(但不限於): -肌肉骨骼病症,包括(但不限於)肌痛、纖維肌痛、脊椎 炎、血清陰性(非風濕症)關節病、非關節風濕病、營養不良 (dystrophinopathy)、肝糖病(Glycogenolysis)、多發性肌炎、 95403.doc -37- 200526249 膿性肌炎。 -如藉由神經系統之損害或功能障礙而界定之中樞痛或 ”丘腦痛”,其包括(但不限於)中風後中樞痛(central post-stroke pain)、多發性硬化症、脊髓損傷、帕金森氏疾 病及癲癇症。 -心臟及血管痛,包括(但不限於)心絞痛、心肌梗塞、二 尖瓣狹窄、心包炎、裏諾氏現象(Raynaud,s phen〇men〇n)、
硬皮病(scleredoma)、硬皮病、缺血性骨骼肌病變(skeletal muscle ischemia) ° -臟器痛及腸胃病症。臟器包括腹腔之器官。該等器官包 括性器官、脾及消化系統之部分。與臟器相關聯之疼痛可 劃分為消化臟為’痛及非消化臟器痛。通常遇到之腸胃) 病症包括功能性腸道病症(FBD)及炎性腸道病症(ibd)。此 等GI病症包括目前僅能適度控制之廣闊範圍之疾病狀態,
包括:對於觸,為胃食道回流、消化不良、過敏性腸卷 候群(IBS)及功能性腹痛徵候群(FAps);而對於ibd,為^ ,氏疾病(Crohn’s disease)、回腸炎、幻責癌性結腸炎,索 等病症皆有規則地引起臟器痛。其他類型之臟器痛包括桌 痛絰、骨盆痛、膀胱炎及胰腺炎相關聯之疼痛。 -頭痛,包括(但不限於)偏頭痛、有預兆之偏頭痛、_ 也之偏頭痛、叢集性頭痛(elusterheadaehe)、緊張型頭痛 -口顏痛’包括(但不限於)牙痛、顳下肌臈痛。 本發明之組合在下列病症之治療中亦為有效:尿失林, 諸如真性應力性尿失禁(GSI)、應力性尿失禁(sui)或老:性 95403.doc -38- 200526249 尿失禁;膀胱過動症(OAB),其包括先天逼尿肌不安定症、 繼發於神經疾病(例如帕金森氏疾病、多發性硬化症、脊髓 損傷及中風)之逼尿肌過度活動症及繼發於膀胱流出阻塞 (例如良性前列腺增生(BPH)、尿道緊縮或狹窄)之逼尿肌過 度/舌動症,仪間遺尿;歸因於上述病狀之組合的尿失禁(例 如與膀胱過動症相關聯之真性應力性尿失禁);及尿症狀, 諸如頻率及急迫性。
該組合在大便失禁之治療中亦是有效的。
作為再進一步之怨樣,提供配位體及DSNRI4SSRI 與SNRI中之-者或兩者在用於疼痛、尤其神經痛之治癒 性、預防性或減輕性治療的藥物之製造中之用途,其限制 條件為:排除與血清素再攝取抑制劑(詳言之為氟西汀、帕 羅西’丁、西酞晋蘭及舍曲林)、混合血清素-去甲腎上腺素再 攝取抑制齊詳言之為米那普余、文拉法辛及度洛西汀)及去
曱腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(詳言之為瑞波西汀广组合之 WO02/85839中之化合物⑴至(χχν)。 、 作為-替代特徵’本發明提供協同有效量之德位體 及DSNIU或簡與SNRI巾之—者或兩者在帛於_、尤其 神經痛之治癒性、預防性或減輕性治療的藥物之製造中之 用途。 作為一替代態樣,提供一種用於 .^ ^ K尽痛、尤其神經痛之治 癒性、預防性或減輕性治療之方法,其包含同時、連續或 獨立地向需要該治療之哺乳動物投藥治療有效量之一 位體及DSNRI或SSRI與SNRI中之一去十工心 有或兩者,其限制條件 95403.doc -39- 200526249 為:排除在WO02/85839中所揭示之組合,即式(iHxxv)化 合物之與血清素再攝取抑制劑(例如氟西汀、帕羅西汀、西 歐普蘭及舍曲林)、混合A清素_去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑 (例如米那普命、文拉法辛及m丁)或〇腎上腺素再攝 取抑制劑(例如瑞波西汀)之組合。 作為一替代特徵,提供一種用於疼痛、尤其神經痛之治 癒性、預防性或減輕性治療之方法,其包含同時、連續或 獨立地向需要該治療之哺乳動物投藥治療協同量之仏2_δ配 位體及DSNRI或SSRI與SNRI中之一者或兩者。 本發明之α-2-δ配位體之生物活性可在放射配位體結合 分析法中利用[3Η]加巴喷丁及自豬腦組織衍生之子單元
來畺測(Gee N.S·,Brown J.P·,Dissanayake V.U.K·,〇ff〇rd J
Thurlow R.5 Woodruff G.N., J. Biol. Chern., 1996; 271:5879-5776)。結果可以μΜ4ηΜα2δ結合親和力來表示。 本發明之化合物充當選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑的能力 可在活體中依照已建立之程序、例如根據US4536518之實例 來量測。 本务明之化合物充當雙重血清素_去甲腎上腺素或選擇 性去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑的能力可根據已建立程序、 尤其在上文中所提及之文獻中的程序來量測。 可將本發明之組合之元素獨立地、同時或連續地投藥以 治療疼痛。亦可視情況將該組合與一或多個其他藥理活性 劑一起投藥。適合的可選之藥劑包括: ()鸦片《員止痛樂’例如嗎啡、海洛因、二氫嗎啡嗣、經 95403.doc -40- 200526249 氫嗎啡酮、經甲左嗎喃、烯丙左嗎喃、阿米酮、度冷丁、 芬太尼、可卡因、可待因、二氫可待因、氧可酮、二氫可 待因S同、丙氧吩、納米芬(nalmefene)、浠丙嗎啡、烯丙經 嗎啡酮、環丙甲經二氫酮、丁丙諾°非(buprenorphine)、布托 啡諾(butorphanol)、納布啡(nalbuphine)及戊唑星 (pentazocine); (ii) 非固醇類抗炎藥物(NSAIDs),例如阿司匹林、雙氯芬 酸(diclofenac)、地夫西納(diflusinal)、依託度酸(etodolac)、 聯苯丁酮酸、苯氧苯丙酸、氟苯乙醯水楊酸、氟聯苯丙酸、 異丁苯丙酸、消炎痛、S同基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、酮17各酸 (ketorolac)、抗炎酸、甲滅酸、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、甲 氧萘丙酸、噁丙嗓(oxaprozin)、苯基丁氮酮、吡氧噻唤、 蘇靈大、甲苯酿σ比酸、氣苯醯二甲基η比洛乙酸及其醫藥上 可接受之鹽; (iii) 巴比妥酸鹽鎮靜劑,例如異戊巴比妥、阿波巴比妥、 仲丁巴比妥、布他比妥(butabital)、甲基苯巴比妥、甲巴比 妥、曱己炔巴比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥、 甲丙巴比妥、塞米樂(theamylal)、戊硫代巴比妥及其醫藥 上可接受之鹽; (iv) 具有鎮靜作用之苯幷二氮呼(benzodiazepine),例如氣 二氮環氧化物(chlordiazepoxide)、氣氮(ci〇razepate)、安定 (diazepam)、氟胺安定、氯羥安定、去曱羥基安定、羥基安 定、三嗤余(triazolam)及其醫藥上可接受之鹽; (v) 具有鎮靜作用之Η〖拮抗劑,例如笨海拉明、π比拉明、 95403.doc -41 · 200526249 異丙嗪、氯曲米通、氯環嗪及其醫藥上可接受之鹽; (VI) 混雜鎮靜劑,諸如苯乙哌啶酮、氨甲丙二酯、安眠酮、 一氯备安替比林及其醫藥上可接受之鹽; (VII) 骨骼肌鬆弛劑,例如氯苯胺丁酸(bacl〇fen)、肌安寧 (carisoprodol)、氣羥苯噁唑、環苯紮平(cycl〇benzapdne)、 美索巴莫(methocarbamol)、鄰甲苯海拉明(〇rphrenadine^ 其醫藥上可接受之鹽; (viii) NMDA受體拮抗劑,例如右甲嗎喃 (dextr〇methorphan)((+)-3-羥基_N_甲基嗎啡喃)及其代謝物 右羥嗎喃(dextrorphan)((+)_3-羥基·Ν_甲基嗎啡)、克他命、 二曱金鋼胺、吡咯並喹啉醌及順4-(膦酸基甲基)_2_哌啶羧 酸及其醫藥上可接受之鹽; (ix) 〇!-月上腺素活性化合物,例如多沙σ坐嗓(d〇xaz〇sin)、 他蘇洛辛(tamsulosin)、可樂寧及4-胺基-6,7-二甲氧基-2-(5-甲磺酸酸胺基-1,2,3,4-四氫異喹啉-2-基)-5-(2-哌啶基)喹唑 啉; (X)二環抗抑鬱劑’例如地昔帕明、丙咪嗓、阿米替林 (amytriptiline)及去甲阿米替林; (xi) 抗驚厥劑,例如痛痙寧(carl3amazepine)及丙戊酸納 (valproate); (xii) 速激肽(NK)拮抗劑,尤其為Nk-3、NK-2及NK-1,例 如拮抗劑、(aR,9R)-7-[3,5-雙(三氟甲基)苯曱基]-8,9,10,11-四氫-9-甲基-5-(4-曱基苯基)-7Η-[1,4]二氮芳辛基 [2,l-g][l,7]聯萘酮-6-13-二酮(TAK-637)、5-[[(2R,3S)-2- 95403.doc -42- 200526249 [(lR)-l-[3,5-雙(三氟曱基)苯曱基]乙氧基-3-(4-氟苯基)-4-嗎啉基]甲基]-1,2-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(MK-869)、蘭比 特(lanepitant)、達比特(dapitant)及3-[[2-甲氧基-5-(三氣甲 氧基)苯基]甲基胺基]-2-苯基·六氫。比啶(2S,3S); (xiii) 毒簟鹼拮抗劑,例如鹽酸羥丁寧(oxybutin)、托特羅 定(tolterodine)、丙略凡林、曲司氯敍(tropsium chloride)及 達非那新(darifenacin); (xiv) COX-2抑制劑,例如希樂操(celecoxib)、偉克適 (rofecoxib)及伐地考昔(valdecoxib); (xv) 非選擇性COX抑制劑(較佳具有GI保護),例如硝基氟 聯苯丙酸(11衍1:〇£1111^卩1>(^611)(11(31[-1026); (xvi) 煤焦油止痛劑,詳言之為撲熱息痛(paracetamol); (xvii) 精神抑制藥,諸如達旅唆醇; (xviii) 香草精類(Vanilloid)受體促效劑,例如樹脂氟瑞辛 (resinferatoxin); (xix) 卜腎上腺素化合物,諸如之萘心安; (XX)局部麻醉劑,諸如美西律(mexiletine); (xxi) 皮質類固醇,諸如地塞米松; (xxii) 血清素受體促效劑及拮抗劑; (xxiii) 類膽鹼(煙鹼)止痛劑; (xxiv) 混雜藥劑,諸如Tramadol®; (xxv) PDEV抑制劑,諸如西地那非(sildenaHl)、伐地那非 (vardenafil)或特拉達非(taladafil)。 本發明擴展至一種可在疼痛、尤其神經痛之治癒性、預 95403.doc -43- 200526249
防性治療中同時、獨立或連續地使用的產物,其包括AM 配位體、湖_SSRms聰中之—者或兩者及諸如上文 所列舉之藥劑的一或多種其他治療劑。 可將本發明之組合單獨投藥,但其元素中之一者或全部 兩者通常可在與根據所要之投藥途徑及標準醫藥規範而選 擇的適合之醫藥賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑之混合物中投藥。 若適當,則可添加助劑。助劑為防腐劑、抗氧化劑、調味 劑或著色劑。本發明之化合物可為立即釋放、延遲釋放、 改質釋放、持續釋放、脈衝釋放或控制釋放之類型。 籲 可將本發明之組合之元素按照(例如但不限於)下列途徑 來投藥··以錠劑、膠囊、多微粒及奈米微粒、凝膠、薄膜 劑(包括黏液黏著劑)、粉劑、丸劑(〇vule)、酒劑、口含劑(包 括液體填充的口含劑)"且嚼片、溶液、懸浮液及噴霧形態 進行口服、口腔或舌下投藥。亦可將本發明之化合物作為 滲透類劑型或以高能量分散液之形態或以如Uang&chen 之2001,Ashley出版物中所描述之經塗覆之粒子或快速溶 _ 解、快速崩解劑型來投藥。可將本發明之化合物作為經冷 凍乾燥或噴霧乾燥之結晶或非晶系產物來投藥。視需要, 本發明之化合物的適合調配物可為親水性或疏水性基質、 離子交換樹脂複合物、經塗覆或未塗覆之形態及如us 6,106,864中所描述之其他類型。此等醫藥組合物(例如錠劑). 可含有諸如微晶纖維素、乳糖、檸檬酸鈉、碳酸鈣、磷酸 · 氫鈣、甘胺酸(glycine)及澱粉(較佳為玉米、馬鈴薯、木薯 羼粉)、甘露醇之賦形劑、諸如澱粉羧乙酸鈉、克羅斯羧甲 95403.doc -44- 200526249 基纖維素納(crosscarmellose sodium)及某些複合石夕酸鹽之 崩解劑,及諸如聚乙烯°比σ各烧酮、經基丙基甲基纖維素 (HPMC)、三酸甘油酯(triglyceride)、羥基丙基纖維素 (HPC)、皂 土嚴糖(bentonite sucrose)、山梨醇、明膠(gelatin) 及阿拉伯樹膠之造粒黏合劑。另外,可向固體組合物中添 加潤滑劑,諸如硬脂酸鎮、硬脂酸、甘油山愉酸鹽、PEG 及滑石粉;或添加濕潤劑,例如月桂基硫酸鈉。另外,可 包括諸如碳水化合物、磷脂及蛋白質之聚合物。 快速分散或溶解劑量調配物(FDDF)可含有下列成份:阿 斯巴甜、乙醯磺胺酸卸(acesulfame potassium)、檸檬酸、 克羅斯叛曱基纖維素納(croscarmellose sodium)、交聯聚乙 烯°比洛酮、雙抗壞血酸(diascorbic acid)、丙稀酸乙酯、乙 基纖維素、凝膠、羥基丙基曱基纖維素、硬脂酸鎂、甘露 醇、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、薄荷調味劑、聚乙二醇、煙霧狀二 氧化石夕、二氧化石夕、澱粉魏乙酸納、十八烧醯反式丁烯二 酸鈉、山梨醇或木糖醇。本文所用之用於描述FDDF之術語 分散或溶解視所用藥物物質之可溶解性而定,意即,當藥 物物質為不溶性時可製備快速分散劑型,而當藥物物質為 可溶性時可製備快速溶解劑型。 諸如錠劑之固體劑型可按照下列標準方法來製造,例如 直接壓縮或濕式、乾式或熔融造粒、熔融凝結及擠壓方法。 可為單或多層之錠劑核心可用此項技術中已知的適當塗層 來塗覆。
相似類型之固體組合物亦可在諸如凝膠、澱粉或HPMC 95403.doc -45- 200526249 膠囊之膠囊中作為填充劑來使用。此點上之較佳賦形劑包 括乳糖、殿粉、纖維素、乳糖(milk sugar)或高分子量聚乙 二醇。液體組合物可在諸如明膠膠囊之軟或硬膠囊^作為 填充劑來使用。對於水性及油性懸浮液、溶液、糖椠及/或 酒劑,本發明之化合物可與甜味劑或芳香劑、染色物質或 染料,與乳化劑及/或懸浮劑,及與諸如水、乙醇、丙二醇、 甲基緘維素、褐澡酸或澡酸納、甘油、油類、親水膠劑及 其組合之稀釋劑組合。此外,含有此等化合物及賦形劑之 調配物可作為在使用之前與水或其他適合媒劑組成之乾燥 產品而出現。 液體形態製劑包括溶液、懸浮液及乳液,例如水或水丙 二醇溶液。對於經腸注射液,液體製劑可在聚乙二醇水溶 液中以溶解狀態調配。適合口服使用之水溶液可藉由在水 中溶解活性成份並添加如所描述之適合的著色劑、調味 劑、安定劑及增稠劑來製備。適合口服使用之水懸浮液可 藉由在水中以諸如天然或合成膠狀物、樹脂、甲基纖維素、 甲基纖維素鈉及其他熟知之懸浮劑之黏性材料來分散經細 分之活性組份而製得。 本發明之組合的元素亦可藉由注射來投藥,意即,靜脈 内、肌肉内、皮内、十二指腸内、腹膜内、動脈内、胸内、 〜至内、尿道内、胸骨内、顱骨内、脊柱内或皮下注射, 或其可藉由浸;主、無冑注射器或植入注射技術來投藥。對 於此種腸胃外投藥,其最佳以下列形態使用··無菌水溶液、 懸序液或乳液(或系統以便可包括微胞),其可含有此項技術 95403.doc 200526249 八物°之其他物質,例如充足之鹽或諸如葡萄糖之碳水化 =以使得溶㈣域㈣。若必要,勒將料水溶液 W緩衝_值較佳為3至9)。對於某些形態之腸胃外投 樂,其可以諸如包括單甘油醋或甘油二酉旨之固定油(㈤ oils)及包括油酸之脂肪酸的無g非水系統之形態來使用。 藉由為熟習此項技術者所熟知的標準醫藥技術,在無菌條 件下進行的適合之非經腸調配物之製備不難完成。或者, =性成份可為㈣形態以在使用前與適合之媒劑(例如無 菌、無熱原水)組成。 而且,本發明之組合之元素可在鼻内或藉由吸入來投 藥。其可方便地以乾粉(單獨作為(例如)含乳糖之乾燥換合 物’或(例如)含鱗脂之混合組份粒子)之形態自乾粉吸入器 或來自加壓容器、栗、喷霧器(spray)、霧化器(較佳為利用 電水力以產生細微薄霧之霧化器)或喷酒器之煙霧劑噴射 形式傳遞,其中可使用或不使用適合之推進劑,例如二氯 二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、諸如四氟 乙烷(HFA 134A[商標])或七氟丙烷(取八 227EA[商標])之氫氟鏈烷(hydrofluoroalkane)、二氧化碳、 諸如全氟碳(Perflubron(商標))之另一全氟化烴,或其他適 合氣體。在加壓懸浮微粒之狀況下,劑量單位可藉由提供 一用於傳遞經計量之量的閥來測定。加壓容器 '泵、噴霧 器(spray)、霧化器或喷灑器(nebuliser)可含有活性化合物之 溶液或懸浮液,例如,利用乙醇混合物(視情況為含水乙醇) 或適用於分散、溶解或擴展釋放之試劑及推進劑作為容 95403.doc -47- 200526249 劑,其可額外包含例如三油酸山梨聚糖酯(s〇rbitan tri〇leate) 之潤滑劑。可將吸入器或吹入器中使用之膠囊、泡狀物 (blister)及筒(cartridge)(例如自明膠或HPMC製得)調配成 含有本發明之化合物的粉末混合物、諸如乳糖或澱粉之適 合的粉末基底、及諸如1 -白胺酸、甘露醇或硬脂酸鎂之性 能調節劑。 在於用於吸入之乾粉調配物或懸浮調配物中使用之前, 本發明之組合的元素將微粉化至適合於藉由吸入來傳遞之 大小(通常認為小於5微米)。微粉化可藉由一系列方法(例如 螺旋噴射研磨、流化床喷射研磨、使用超臨界流體結晶)或 藉由噴霧乾燥來達成。 在利用電水力以產生細微薄霧之霧化器中使用的適合之 溶液調配物可含有每次致動(actuati〇n)1微克至1〇毫克之本 發明之化合物,且該致動體積可為丨至⑺❻μ。典型調配物 可包含本發明之組合之元素、丙二醇、無菌水、乙醇及氣 化鈉。替代溶劑(例如甘油或聚乙二醇)可替代丙二醇使用。 或者將本龟明之組合之元素以(例如)凝勝、水凝膠、 洗劑、溶液、膏狀物、藥膏、粉劑、敷料、泡沫、薄膜、 皮膚貼片、圓片(wafer)、植入物、海綿、纖維、端帶、微 乳液及其組合之形態局部地於表皮或經表皮投藥至皮膚、 «。人對於此等應用,本發明之化合物可懸浮或溶解二例 )匕3下列各物中之一或多者之混合物中:礦物油、液體 凡士林、白色凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙稀化 合物、乳化蠟、包括合成單甘油醋或甘油二酯之固定油、 95403.doc -48- 200526249 及包括油酸之脂肪酸、水、單硬脂酸山梨聚糖酯、聚乙二 酵、液體石蠟、聚山梨醇酯60、十六烷基酯石蠟、十六醇 (eetearyl alc〇h〇l)、2-辛基十二醇、苯甲醇、諸如乙醇之醇 類。或者,可使用穿透增強劑。亦可使用下列各物:以毫 Μ粒子(諸如脂質體(ni〇s〇me)或微脂體(Hposome))或懸浮 或溶解之形態的聚合物、碳水化合物、蛋白質、磷脂質。 此外’其可利用離子電滲法(i〇nt〇ph〇resis)、電穿孔法 (electroporation)、聲音電滲法(phonophoresis)及超聲電渗 法(sonophoresis)來傳遞。 或者,可將本發明之組合之元素以(例如)栓劑或陰道栓 劑之形怨經直腸投藥。其亦可藉由陰道途徑(乂叫丨仙丨⑺加e) 投樂。舉例而言,該等組合物可藉由將藥物與適合之無刺 激性賦形劑(諸如可可油、合成甘油酯酯類或聚乙二醇)混合 來製備,該等賦形劑在常溫下為固體但在腔内液化及/或溶 解以釋放藥物。 亦可將本發明之組合之元素經由眼部途徑(oeiilar route) 投m於眼部使用’該等化合物可調配為等張、值經 調整之無菌鹽水中之微粉化懸浮液,或較佳為等張、p Η值 經調整之無菌鹽水中之溶液。可添加聚合物,諸如交聯之 聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明質酸、纖維素聚合物(例如羥丙 基甲基纖維素、經乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素)或雜多糖聚合 物(例如結冷膠(gelang,。或者,可將其調配成諸如凡士 林或礦物油之軟膏,倂人生物降解(例如可吸收之凝膠海 綿、谬原質)或非生物降解(例如聚梦氧)的植入物、圓片、 95403.doc -49- 200526249 滴劑、晶體5或緩由判_相_ # i 、U粒或堵如脂質體或微脂體之泡狀系 統來傳遞。调配物可視情況盘 祝㈡况與啫如氯化苯甲烴銨之防腐劑 結合。此外,其可利用離子雷 丁私,乡去來傳遞。亦可利用(例如 但不限於)滴劑將其在耳中投藥。 複合物。藥物-環式糊精複合物之調配物可改質藥物分子之 命解I·生刀政率、味這遮蔽、生物利用率及/或安定特性。 藥物-環式糊精複合物一般適用於大多㈣型及投藥方 式。作為與藥物直接複合的替代方法,可將環式糊精用作 輔助添加劑’例如作為載劑、稀釋劑或增溶劑。〜、卜及^ 環式糊精為最常使用之環式糊精且在w〇_a_9i/⑴η、 本發明之組合之元素亦可與環式糊精(CyCl〇dextrin)組合 使用。已知環式糊精可形成具有藥物分子之包含或不包含 W〇-A-94/025 ! 8及 w〇_A_98/55 i48 中描述了 適合之實例。 術語”投藥"包括藉由病毒或非病毒技術之傳遞。病毒傳 遞機制包括(但不限於)腺病毒載體、腺相關聯之病毒(AAV) 載體、疱疹病毒載體、反轉錄病毒載體、豆狀病毒載體 (lentivirai vector)及桿狀病毒載體。非病毒傳遞機制包括脂 質調節之轉染、微脂囊(lips〇me)、免疫微脂囊 (imimm〇liposome)、脂質體〇ip〇fectin)、陽離子表面兩性分 子(CFA)及其組合。用於此等傳遞機制之途徑包括(但不限 於)黏膜、鼻、口服、非經腸、腸胃、局部或舌下途徑。 因此,作為本發明之進一步之態樣,提供一種包括一組 合及適合之賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑之醫藥組合物,該組合 包括α-2-δ配位體、DSNRI或SSRI與SNRI中之一者戋兩者戋 95403.doc •50- 200526249 其醫藥上可接受之越,i限制狄从# 1 #限制條件為:排除與血清素再攝 取抑制劑(詳言之為氟西汀、帕 ^^ ^ ^ a ^ 、、隹四,丁、西酞晋闌及舍曲 林)此σ血'月素·去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(詳言之為米 那普侖、文拉法辛及度洛西汀)及去f腎上腺素再攝取抑制 劑(詳言之為瑞波西汀)結合之w〇〇2/85839之化合物 (i)-(xxv)。適合地,該組人物高 、σ物適合在疼痛、尤其神經痛之治 療中使用。 、作為本發明之替代態樣,提供_種包括—協同組合、及 適合之賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑的醫藥組合物,該協同组人 包細-2-δ配位體、DSNRI或聊读snri中之一者或兩者^ 其西藥上可接X之鹽。適合地,該組合物適合在疼痛、尤 其神經痛之治療中使用。 對於非人類動物之投藥,本文所使用之術語”醫藥上"可 用”獸醫學上”來替代。 醫藥製劑之S素較佳為單位劑型。在此種形態下,將製 劑再分成含有適合量之活性組份的單位劑量。該單位劑型 可為經封裝之製劑,該封裝含有離散數量之製劑,諸如在 小瓶或安瓶中之已封裝之錠劑、膠囊及粉末。而且,該單 位劑型自身可為膠囊、錠劑、藥包(cachet)或口含^ (lozenge),或其可為處於封裝形態的適當數量之該等劑型 中之任何一者。單位劑量製劑中之活性組份之量可根據= 定應用及該等活性組份之效力而自〇1毫克至丨§進行改變 或調整。在醫學使用中,可將藥物按每天三次以(例如)1㈧ 或300毫克之膠囊投藥。在治療使用中,將本發明之醫藥方 95403.doc 200526249 法中所利用之化合物以每天約0 01毫克至約1〇〇毫克/公斤 之初始劑量投藥。日劑量範圍較佳為約0 01毫克至約1〇〇毫 克/公斤。但是,該劑量可視患者、所治療之病狀之嚴重性 及所採用之化合物的要求而改變。熟習此項技術者可判定 用於特定情形之適當劑量。一般而言,治療是以小於化合 物之最佳劑量的較小劑量開始。然後,以較小之增量增加 劑量,直至達到此種情況下之最佳效果。為方便起見,必 要日^可將總的日劑篁分開並在一天中以份投藥。 對於獸醫用,將本發明之組合或獸醫學上可接受之鹽或 其溶劑化物作為根據普通獸醫規範適合的可接受之調配物 來投藥,且獸醫將判定最適合特定動物之劑量方法及投藥 途徑。 生物實例 方法 動物 將獲自 Charles River(Margate,Kent,U.K.)之雄性 Sprague
Dawley鼠(200-250克)以六個一組飼養在籠中。用食物及水 隨意地使所有動物處於12小時之光亮/黑暗週期(於7點〇〇分 開始光照)下。所有貫驗藉皆由不知道藥物治療之觀察員來 進行。 此項技術中之CCI外科手術 以異氟烷將動物麻醉。如先前Bennett及Xie於1988年所描 述將坐骨神經綁紮。在程序期間將動物置放在恆溫毯上。 在外科準備之後,藉由穿過股二頭肌之鈍器解剖將普通坐 95403.doc -52- 200526249 骨神經曝露在大腿中間。在最接近三叉坐骨神經之處,將 約7¾米之神經去除黏附組織,且將4條繃帶(4_〇絲)鬆散地 、、九在其周圍,其中留有約丨毫米的間隔。將切口分層閉合且 以局部抗生素來處理傷口。 組合對CCI所引起的靜態或動態異常疼痛維護之效應
對加巴嘴丁、DSNRI、SSRI及SNRI之劑量回應最先在CCI 核型中單獨執行。在固定比率設計之後對組合進行檢查。 執行對組合之各固定劑量比率之劑量反應。在各測試曰, 在、物冶療之鈾測定對弗雷氏毛(v〇n Frey hairs)之爪收回 臨限(pwt)基線及對棉棒刺激之爪收回反應時間(PWL)。 疼痛評估 靜怨異常疼痛可利用Semmes-Weinstein弗雷氏毛 (Stoelting,Illinois,UeS A )來量測。將動物置放進允許接達 其爪之下側的金屬絲網底的籠中。在試驗開始之前,讓動 物熟悉此環境。靜態異常疼痛藉由弗雷氏毛以上升次序之 力(〇·7、1·2、1.5、2、3·6、5.5、8.5、11·8、15·1 及 29 克) 碰觸動物之右後爪的趾面多達6秒來測試。一旦收回反應建 立’即將重新測試該爪,以下一個遞減之弗雷氏毛開始, 直至沒有反應出現。最高之29克力提高該爪並引發反應, 從而表示截止點。將引發反應所要求的最小的力以克記錄 為 PWT。 動恶疼痛藉由棉棒輕擊後爪之趾面來評估。對已完全習 十貝之不再活躍之鼠謹慎執行此程序,從而避免記錄下常規 之運動活動。在各時間點上至少採取三次量測,其平均數 95403.doc -53- 200526249 表示爪收回反應時間(Pwu 〇 v }右在15秒内未展示出任何反 應,則終止該程序且向動物沪 u轫物知派此收回時間。因此,15秒 有效地表示無收回。收回反應經常伴有爪之重複畏縮或 添。若動物在8秒之撫觸之前對棉花刺激作出反應,則可認 為會出現動態異常疼痛。 組合研究 ☆ 2-δ 配位體(p.0.)DSNRUtsSRIA^SNRi(sc.或 η)兩 者之劑量反應最先單獨執行。接著可檢查組合之諸多固定 劑量比率。按照藉由各分散比率之抗通脫作用的持續時間 而判定之各試驗之時程來執行各固定劑量比率之劑量反 應。可檢查按重量計之組合之各種固定劑量比率。 本發明之適合之DSNRI或SSRI及/或SNRI化合物可如文 獻中所描述來製備,或其在該等文獻之基礎上對熟習此項 技術者係顯而易見的。 本發明之適合之ce-2-δ配位體化合物可如下文或前述專 利文獻參考中所描述來製備,其藉由下列非限制實例及中 間物來說明。 化學實例 實例l.(3S,5R)3-胺基-5_甲基·辛酸氫氣化物(R)-2,6•二甲 基-壬-2-烯。在0°C下向THF(800毫升)中之(S)-香茅基漠化 物(50克,0.228莫耳)中添加LiCl(4.3克)、接著添加CuCl2(6.8 克)。30分鐘後,添加甲基氯化鎂(152毫升之THF中之3M溶 液,Aldrich)且將該溶液溫至室溫。10小時後。將該溶液冷 卻至0°C並小心地添加氯化銨之飽和水溶液。將所得之兩層 95403.doc -54- 200526249 分離並以醚萃取水相。乾燥(MgSCU)並濃縮組合之有機相 仔到(R)- 2,6 -二甲基-壬-2_烯。32.6克;93%。無需進_ +純 化即可使用。4 NMR (400 MHz; CDC13) δ 5·1 (m 1H) i % (m,2H),1·62 (s,3H),1.6 (s,3H),1.3 (m,4H),ΐ·2 (m,2h) 〇·8 (s,6H)。 (R)_4_甲基·庚酸。經50分鐘向丙酮(433毫升)中之(R)_2 6 二甲基·壬-2-烯(20克,〇·13毫升)中添加h2S〇4(33毫 升)/H20(146毫升)中之Cr03溶液(39克,0.39莫耳)。6小時 後,添加進一步量的H2S04(22毫升)/Η20(1〇〇毫升)中之 Cr〇3(26克,0.26莫耳)。12小時後,用鹽水稀釋該溶液並以 鍵举取違/谷液。乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮組合之有機相。急驟層 析(梯度為6:1至2:1的己烷/EtOAc)得到作為油之(r>4-甲基 -庚酸。12.1 克;65%。MS,m/z(相對強度):143 [M_H,1〇〇%]。 (4R,5S)-4_甲基_3-((R)_4-甲基-庚醯基)_5_苯基_噁唑烷 _2_酮。在〇。〇:下向THF(500毫升)中之(R)-4-甲基-庚酸(19 克’ 0.132莫耳)及三乙基胺(4 9.9克,0.494莫耳)中添加三曱 基乙酿氣(20克’ 〇·ΐ7莫耳)。1小時後,添加LiCl(7.1克,〇·ΐ7 莫耳)、接著添加(4S,5R)-(+)-4-甲基-5苯基-2-噁唑烷酮3(30 克’ 0.17莫耳)。將該混合物溫至室溫,且在16小時後藉由 過渡移除濾液並在減小之壓力下濃縮溶液。急驟層析(7: i 的己烧/EtOAc)得到作為油之(4R,5S)_4-曱基-3-((R)-4-曱基 -庚自脏基)_5-笨基-。惡σ圭烧_2_酮。3 1 ·5克;79%。[a]D = + 5.5(CHC13 中之c 1)。MS,m/z(相對強度)·· 304[M+H,100%]。 (3S,5R)_5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧基-5_ 苯基-噁唑 95403.doc -55- 200526249 炫-3-魏基)-辛酸第三丁基酯。在_5〇°c下向THF(200毫升) 中之(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)_4-甲基-庚醯基)_5_苯基-噁唑烷 -2-酮(12.1克,〇·〇4莫耳)中添加雙(三甲基矽烷基)胺納(THF 中之1M溶液,48毫升)。30分鐘後,添加第三丁基溴乙酸鹽 (15.6克,0.08莫耳)。將該溶液於-5(rc攪拌4小時且隨後溫 至室溫。16小時後,添加氯化銨之飽和水溶液並分離出兩 層。以醚萃取水相且乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮組合之有機相。急 驟層析(9:1的己烧/EtOAc)得到作為12克白色固體之 (3S,5R)-5-甲基-3_((4R,5S)-4_甲基-2-氧基_5_苯基噁唑烷 -3-羰基)-辛酸第三丁基酯;72%。[a]D =+30.2(CHCl3中之c 1)。13C NMR(100MHZ; CDC13) δ 176.47,171.24,152.72, 133.63,128·87,125.86,80.85,78.88,55.34,39.98,38 77, 38.15, 37.58, 30.60, 28.23, 20.38, 20.13, 14.50, 14.28。 (S)_2_((R)_2_甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸‘第三丁基酯。在〇〇c下 向水(73毫升)及THF(244毫升)中之(3S,5R)_5-甲基 -3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧基-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛酸第 二丁基酉曰(10.8克’ 0.025莫耳)中添加預混合之Li〇H(51.2毫 升之0.8M溶液)及Η2〇2(14·6毫升之30%溶液)溶液。4小時後 添加進一步之12.8毫升的LiOH(0.8M溶液)及3.65毫升的 H2〇2(30%溶液)。30分鐘後添加亞硫酸氫鈉(7克)、硫酸氫 鈉(13克)及水(60毫升),接著添加己烷(100毫升)及醚(1〇〇 宅升)。將兩層分離並以牟取水層。將組合之有機相濃縮 成溶解於庚烷(3〇〇毫升)中之油。將所得之固體濾出並將濾 液乾燥(MgSCU)且濃縮以提供(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基·戊基)-號j白 -56- 95403.doc 200526249 酸4-第三丁基酯(6克,93%),其無需進一步純化即可立即 使用。MS,m/z(相對強度):257 [M+H,100%]。 (3S,5R)3-苄氧羰基胺基-5-甲基·辛酸,第三丁基醋。將 甲苯(200毫升)中之(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基-戊基)_琥站酸心第三 丁基酯(6.0克’ 23.22毫莫耳)及三乙胺(3.64毫升,26.19毫 莫耳)之溶液以二苯基磷醯疊氮(5.0毫升,23.22毫升)處理且 於室溫攪:拌0 · 5小時。在將反應混合物隨後於回流中加熱3 小時並簡單冷卻之後,添加苯甲醇(7.2毫升,69.7莫耳)且 將該溶液再加熱3小時。在反應混合物冷卻後,將其以乙鱗 (200毫升)稀釋且將組合之有機層連續以飽和NaHc〇3及鹽 水洗滌並乾燥(MgS〇4)。將經濃縮之有機組份藉由以8:1之 己烷:乙酸乙酯溶離之層析法(MPLC)純化以提供(3S,5R)-3-苄氧基羰基胺基-5 -甲基-辛酸,第三丁基酯(6.4克,75.8%)。 MS:M+1:364.2, 308.2。 (3S,5R)-3_胺基-5-甲基-辛酸,第三丁基酯。以5〇psi之 Pd/C(0.2克)及HjTHF(50毫升)中之(3S,5R)-3-苄氧基羰基 胺基-5-甲基-辛酸,第三丁基酯(2.14克,5·88毫莫耳)溶液 處理2小時。接著在真空中將反應混合物過濾並濃縮成油以 得到定量良率之(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-曱基-辛酸,第三丁基 酯。MS:M+1:230.2, 174.1。 (3S,5R)_3_胺基-5_甲基-辛酸氫氣化物。將6NHC1(100毫 升)中之(3S,5R)-胺基-5 -甲基-辛酸,第三丁基酯(2.59克, 11·3毫莫耳)之漿料在回流下加熱18小時,冷卻並經矽藻土 過濾。在真空中將濾液濃縮至25毫升且收集所得晶體並乾 95403.doc -57- 200526249 燥以提供(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基·辛酸氫氯化物,熔點 142.5-142.7°C (1.2克,50.56%)。可自該濾液獲得第二次產 物(0.91g)。C9H19N02:HC1之分析值:c:51_55、Η:9·61、 Ν:6.68、Cl:16.91。實驗值:C:51.69、Η··9·72、Ν··6·56、
Cl:16.63。 (3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-辛酸氫氣化物。將包含於3〇毫升 曱基第二丁基醚中的5,3克2S-(2 R-甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸-4-第 二丁醋在室溫下與3.5毫升酯三乙基胺、隨後與6.4克二苯基 磷醯疊氮反應。在允許該反應放熱至45。(:並攪拌至少4小時 之後’允許將該反應混合物冷卻至室溫並靜置同時多相分 離。將下層丟棄且將上層以水、接著以稀鹽酸水溶液洗滌。 接著使上層與10¾升6Ν鹽酸水溶液組合並在45-65 °C下擾 拌。藉由真空蒸餾法將反應混合物濃縮至約丨〇-丨4毫升且允 許結晶同時冷卻至約5°C。在藉由過濾收集產物之後,將該 產物以甲苯洗滌並在甲苯中重新調成漿料。漿該產物藉由 於真空下加熱而得以乾燥,從而得到2 9克(67%)之白色晶 態產物。該產物可自鹽酸水溶液中重結晶。熔點丨37°c。 實例2.(3S,5R)-胺基_5_甲基-庚酸。 曱烧磺酸(S)_3,7_二甲基-辛-6_烯基酯。在〇。(:下向 CH2C12(800毫升)中之s-㈠·香茅醇(42.8克,0.274莫耳)及三 乙基胺(91毫升,〇·657莫耳)中添加CH2C12(200毫升)中之甲 烧磺酸氣(26毫升,〇·329莫耳)。2小時之後,將該溶液在0°C 下以IN HC1、隨後以鹽水洗滌。將有機相乾燥(MgS04)並濃 縮以提供標題化合物,油(60 5g,94%),其無需進一步純 95403.doc -58- 200526249 化即可使用。MS,m/z(相對強度):139[100%],143[100%]。 (R)-2,6_二甲基-辛-2-烯。在(TC下向THF(1升)中之甲烷磺 酸(S)-3,7-二甲基-辛-6-烯基酯(60克,0.256莫耳)中添加氫 化鋰鋁(3.8克,0.128莫耳)。7小時之後,添加進一步之3.8 克氫化鋰鋁並將溶液溫至室溫。1 8小時之後,添加進一步 之3.8克的氫化鋰鋁。再21小時之後,將該反應以1N檸檬酸 小心地終止且以鹽水將溶液進一步稀釋。將所得之兩相分 離且將有機相乾燥(MgS04)並濃縮以提供作為油之標題化 合物,其無需進一步純化即可使用。MS,m/z(相對強 度):139[M+H,100%]。 (R) -4-甲基·己酸。利用與(r)-4-甲基-庚酸之合成類似的 程序得到作為油之該酸(9.3克,56%)。MS,m/z(相對強 度):129[Μ-Η,100ο/〇] 〇 (4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基_己醯基)_5_苯基-噁唑烷 -2-酮。利用與(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-庚醯基)-5-苯 基-噁唑烷-2-酮之合成類似的程序得到作為油之標題化合 物(3 5.7克,95%)。]\13,111/2(相對強度):290[1^+11,100。 (3S,5R)_5-甲基-3-[l_((4R,5S)-4-甲基 _2_氧基-5-苯基-噁 唑烷-3-基)-甲醯氧基卜庚酸第三丁基酯。利用與(3S,5R)-5- 甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧基-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛 酸第三丁基酯之製備類似的程序得到作為油之標題化合物 (7·48克;31%)。MS,m/z(相對強度):178[100%],169[100%]; [a]D=+21.6(CHCl3 中之 c 1)。 (S) -2-((R)_2_甲基·丁基)_玻珀酸4_第三丁基酯。在〇〇c下 95403.doc -59- 200526249 向H20(53毫升)及THF(176毫升)中之(3S,5R)_5_ f基 -3-[l-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧基-5-苯基-噁唑烷_3_基> 甲醯氧 基]-庚酸第三丁基酯(7·26克,0·018莫耳)中添加經預混合之 Li〇H(37毫升之〇·8Μ溶液)&Η2〇2(1〇·57毫升之3〇%溶液)溶 液並將該溶液溫至室溫。2小時之後,添加亞硫酸氫鈉(7 克)、亞硫酸鈉(13克)及水(60毫升)且將兩層分離並以醚萃 取水層。將組合之有機相濃縮成溶解於庚烷(2〇〇毫升)中之 油。將所得之固體濾除且將濾液乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮以提供 作為油之標題化合物(4·4克),其無需進一步純化即可使 用。MS,m/z(相對強度):243[100%]。 (3S,5R)-3_苄氧羰基胺基_5_甲基-庚酸,第三丁基酯。此 化合物如上所述以(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基-丁基)琥珀酸,4-第三 丁基酯開始而得以製備以得到作為油之(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰 基胺基-5-甲基庚酸,第三丁基酯(73.3%產量)。b NMR (400 MHz; CDC13) δ 0.84(t? 3H? J = 7.33 Hz), 0.89(d, 3H? J= 6.60 Hz),1·12-1·38 (m5 4H),1.41 (s,9H),1.43-1.59 (m,2H), 2.42 (m,2H),4.05 (m,1H),5.07 (t,2H J =12.95 Hz),及 7.28-7.34 (m,5H) 〇 (3S,5R)-胺基-5-甲基-庚酸,第三丁基酯。此化合物如上 所述以(3S,5R)-3_苄氧羰基胺基-5-甲基-庚酸,第三丁基酯 取代(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基胺基_5_甲基-辛酸,第三丁基酯開 始而得以製備以得到標題化合物。4 NMR (400 MHz; CDCh) δ 0.84(重疊 t 及 d,6H),1.08-1.16(m,2H),1.27-1.30 (m,2H),1·41 (s,9H),1·62〇3ΐ* s,2H),2·15 (dd,1H,/=8.54 95403.doc -60- 200526249 及 15·62Ηζ),2.29(dd,1H,X15 及 15·37Ηζ)及 3.20(br s, 2H)。 (3S,5R)-胺基_5_甲基-庚酸氫氣化物。將3N HC1中之 (3S,5R)-胺基-5 -甲基-庚酸,第三丁基酯(144克,6.69毫莫耳) 之漿料於回流加熱3小時,經矽藻土過濾熱並濃縮至乾燥。 將所得固體在乙醚中濕磨以得到(3S,5r)_3-胺基-5_甲基_庚 酸氫氣化物,(0.95克,85%),熔點 126.3-128.3。(:。 實例3.(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5_甲基-壬酸 (R)-4_甲基-辛酸。將氯化鋁(〇·39克,9.12毫莫耳)與氣化 銅(1)(0.61克,4.56毫莫耳)在周圍溫度下於45毫升THF中結 合並攪拌1 5分鐘,接著在添加溴化乙基鎂(thf中之1 μ溶 液,45毫升,45毫莫耳)期間冷卻至〇。〇逐滴添加(s)_香茅 基溴(5.0克,22.8毫莫耳)且允許將該溶液緩慢溫至周圍溫 度同時搜拌隔夜。該反應藉由小心地添加飽和nh4ci水溶液 而結束’且與Ε^Ο及飽和ΝΗβΙ水溶液授拌30分鐘。將多相 分離且將有機相乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮。粗製之(r)_2,6·二甲 基-癸-2-烯不經純化即可使用。在0。〇下向在5〇毫升丙㈣中 之(R)-2,6-二甲基-癸-2-烯(3.8克,22.8毫莫耳)溶液中添加 瓊斯試劑(Jones’ reagent)(H2S〇4水溶液中之2·7 Μ,40毫 升,108宅莫耳)且允許將該溶液緩慢溫至周圍溫度同時搜 拌隔夜。將混合物在EhO與KbO之間分隔,將多相分離,且 將有機層以鹽水洗滌、乾燥(MgSCU)並濃縮。將殘留物藉由 急驟層析(8·· 1之己烷:EtOAc)純化以提供作為無色油之禪題 化合物,2·14克(59%)。LRMS: m/z 156.9 (M+)。ί复斯气叫 95403.doc -61 - 200526249 可藉由結合26.7克Cr〇3、23毫升ΗβΟ4並以水稀釋至1〇〇毫 升來製備成2.7M溶液。 (4R,5S)_4-甲基-3-((R)_4-曱基_辛醯氧基)_5_苯基_嗔唾燒 -2_酮。在0〇c下向25毫升CIi2C12中之(R)_扣甲基_辛酸(214 克,13_5毫莫耳)添加3滴DMF、接著添加乙二醯氯〇42毫 升16 · 2案;莫耳)從而導致劇烈氣體逸出。將溶液直接溫至 周圍溫度、攪拌30分鐘並濃縮。同時,在_78。〇下向4〇毫升 THF中之噁唑烷酮(2·64克,14.9毫莫耳)溶液中逐滴添加正 丁基鐘(己烷中之1.6Μ溶液,9.3毫升,14.9毫莫耳)。將混 合物攪拌1 〇分鐘,此時逐滴添加在丨〇毫升之THF中的鹽 酸。在-78〇c下將反應攪拌30分鐘、接著直接溫至周圍溫度 並以飽和NHUC1結束。將混合物在玢2〇與飽和NH4C1水溶液 之間分隔,將多相分離,且將有機相乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮以 提供3.2克作為油之標題化合物。lRMS: m/z 318·2 (M+) 〇 (3S,5R)-5_ 甲基-3-((4R,5S)_4-甲基-2_ 氧基 _5_ 苯基-噁唑 烷_3_羰基)_壬酸第三丁基酯。在-78〇c下向3〇毫升ΤΗρ中之 又兴丙基胺(1.8宅升,12.6¾莫耳)溶液中添加正丁基經(己 烷中之1.6M溶液,7.6毫升,12.1毫莫耳),且將混合物攪拌 ίο分鐘,其間逐滴添加10毫升THF中之(4R,5s>4_甲基 3-((R)-4-甲基-辛醯氧基)_5_苯基-噁唑烷_2_酮(3·2克,ι〇ι 笔莫耳)。將溶液攪拌30分鐘,並在巧〇〇c下快速逐滴添加 第一丁基溴乙酸(1 · 8毫升,12 · 1毫莫耳),且經3小時將混合 物緩慢溫至1〇。〇將混合物在Et2〇與鹽飽溶液之 間刀隔,將多相分離,且將有機相乾燥(MgS〇〇並濃縮。將 95403.doc -62- 200526249 殘留物藉由急驟層析(16:1至8:1之己烷:EtOAc)純化以提供 作為2.65克(61%)無色晶態固體之標題化合物,熔點= 84-86°C。[δ]:)23 +17·1 (c = 1·〇〇, CHC13)。 (S)-2_((R)-2-甲基-己基)-號珀酸4-第三丁基酯。在〇〇c下 向 20 毫升 THF 中之(3S,5R)_5_ 曱基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧 基-5-苯基-噁唑烧-3-羰基)-壬酸第三丁基酯(2.65克,6.14 毫莫耳)溶液中添加在10毫升H20中之LiOH單水合物(1.0 克’ 23.8毫莫耳)與過氧化氫(30重量%水溶液,5.0毫升)之 預冷(0°C)溶液。將混合物劇烈搜拌9〇分鐘,接著溫至周圍 溫度並攪拌90分鐘。在0°C下藉由添加100毫升的10〇/〇 NaHS〇3水溶液使反應結束,接著以Et2〇萃取。將多相分 離,且將有機相以鹽水洗滌、乾燥(MgS〇4)並濃縮。標題化 合物不經純化即可使用。 (3S,5R)-3-苄氧幾基胺基-5_甲基壬酸,第三丁基酯。此 化合物可類似於如上述之方法以(S)_2_((r)-2_甲基己基)琥 珀酸,4-第三丁基酯而非(8)-2_((11)_2-甲基戊基)琥珀酸,4_ 第二丁基酯開始而得以製備以提供作為油之標題化合物 (71.6%產量)。^HNMR (400 MHz; CDC13) δ 0.8 1 (t,3H,/= 4.40 Ηζ),0.85(d,3Η,/= 6.55 Ηζ),1·〇6·1·20(ηχ,7Η),1.36(s, 9Η),1.38-1.50(m,2Η),2.36(m,2Η),3.99(m,1Η),5.02(m+s, 3H),及 7.28-7.28(m,5H)。 (3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-壬酸,第三丁基酯。此化合物可 如上所述以(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基胺基甲基_壬酸,第三丁 基酯而非(3S,5R)-苄氧羰基胺基-5-甲基-辛酸,第三丁基醋 95403.doc -63- 200526249 開始而得以製備。產量=97%。iHNMR (400 MHz; CDC13) δ 0.82(重疊 d及 t,6Η),1.02-1.08(m,1Η),1.09-1.36(m,6Η), 1.39(s,9H),1.47(br s,1H),1.80(s,2H),2.13(dd,1H,J=8.54 &15.61HZ),&2.27(dd,//f,J=4.15&15.38Hz)。 (3S,5R)_3-胺基_5_曱基-壬酸氫氣化物。將3N HC1(100毫 升)中之(3S,5R)_3-胺基-5-甲基-壬酸,第三丁基酯(ι·5〇克, 6.16毫莫耳)之混合物回流加熱3小時、經石夕藻土過濾熱並在 真空中濃縮成30毫升。收集所得之晶體、以額外之3N HC1 洗務並乾燥以提供標題混合物,溶點:142.5-143.3 °C。可 自濾液獲得額外之產物以提供1〇3克(70.4%)。 C10H21NO2 HCl之分析值:C: 53.68、9.91、ό·2ό、C1: 15.85。貫驗值:C: 53.89、Η: 10.11、Ν: 6.13。MS: M+l: 1 88.1 · 醫藥組合物實例 在下列實例中,術語,,活性化合物”或,,活性成份"係指根據 本發明之α-2-δ配位體及DSNRI或SSRI與SNRI中之一者或 兩者及/或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的適合組合或個別元素。 ⑴銘:劑組合物 下歹j、、且δ物A與B可藉由以晋維酮溶液將活性 成伤(a)至(c)及(a)至(d)濕式造粒、接著添加硬脂酸鎮並壓 縮而得以製備。 95403.doc -64- 200526249 組合物A 毫克/錠 毫克/旋 ⑻ 活性成份 250 250 (b) 乳糖B.P. 210 26 (c) 澱粉乙醇酸鈉 20 12 (d) 普維酮B.P. 15 9 (e) 硬脂酸鎂 5 3 500 300 組合物B 毫克/錠 毫克/錠 ⑻ 活性成份 250 250 (b) 乳糖150 150 - ⑷ 微晶纖維素PH 101 60 26 ⑹ 澱粉乙醇酸鈉 20 12 ⑻ 普維酮B.P. 15 9 (f) 硬脂酸鎂 5 3 500 300 組合物C 毫克/旋 活性成份 100 乳糖 200
95403.doc -65 200526249 殿粉 50 普維酮 5 硬脂酸鎮 4 359 下列組合物D及E可藉由直接壓縮該等混合活性成份來 製備。在調配物E中所用之乳糖為直接壓縮類型之乳糖。
組合物D 毫克/旋
活性成份 硬脂酸鎂 預塗膠之澱粉NF15 250 4 146 400 組合物E 活性成份 硬脂酸鎂 乳糖 微晶纖維素(Avicel) 組合物F(受控釋放型組合物) (a) 活性成份 毫克/鍵 250 5 145 100 500 毫克/旋 500
95403.doc -66- 200526249 ⑻ 羥基丙基甲基纖維素(Methocel K4M Premium) 112 (C) 乳糖B.R 53 ⑹ 普維酮B.P.C. 28 (e) 硬脂酸鎂 7 700 該組合物可藉由以普維酮(povidone)溶液將活性成份(a) 至(c)濕式造粒、接著添加硬脂酸鎂並壓縮而得以製備。 組合物G(腸溶包衣錠劑) φ 組合物C之腸溶包衣錠劑可藉由以25毫克/錠之諸如鄰苯 二甲酸乙酸纖維素、鄰苯二甲酸聚乙酸乙烯、鄰苯二甲酸 羥基丙基甲基纖維素或甲基丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (Eudragit L)之陰離子聚合物的腸溶聚合物來塗覆錠劑而得 以製備。除Eudragit L外,此等聚合物亦應包括10%(以所用 聚合物之量之重量計)之增塑劑以防止薄膜在應用或儲存 時破裂。適合之增塑劑包括鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯、檸檬酸三 丁酯及三乙酸甘油酯。 _ 組合物Η(腸溶包衣受控釋放型錠劑) 組合物F之腸溶包衣錠劑可藉由以50毫克/錠的諸如鄰苯 二曱酸乙酸纖維素、聚鄰苯二甲酸乙酸乙烯、鄰苯二甲酸 羥基丙基甲基纖維素或甲基丙烯酸與曱基丙烯酸甲酯 (Eudragit L)之陰離子聚合物之腸溶聚合物來塗覆錠劑而得 - 以製備。除Eudragit L外,該等聚合物亦應包括10%(以所用 _ 聚合物之量之重量計)之增塑劑以防止薄膜在應用或儲存 時破裂。適合之增塑劑包括鄰苯二曱酸二乙酯、檸檬酸三 95403.doc -67- 200526249 丁酯及三乙酸甘油酯。
(ii)膠囊組合物 組合物A 膠囊可藉由混合上述組合物D的成份並以所得混合物填 充兩部分硬明膠膠囊而得以製備。下文中之組合物B可以類 似之方式製備。 組合物B 毫克/膠囊 ⑻ 活性成份 250 (b) 乳糖B.P. 143 (〇) 澱粉乙醇酸鈉 25 (d) 硬脂酸鎂 2 420 組合物C 毫克/膠囊 ⑻ 活性成份 250 (b) 聚乙二醇4000 BP 350 600 膠囊可藉由熔融聚乙二醇4000 BP、將活性成份分散於熔 體中並以其填充入兩部分硬明膠膠囊而得以製備。
組合物D 毫克/膠囊 活性成份 250 卵磷脂 100 95403.doc -68- 200526249 花生油 450 膠囊可藉由將活性成份分散於卵磷脂及花生油中並以分 散液填充軟、彈性明膠膠囊而得以製備。 組合物E(受控釋放型膠囊) 毫克/膠囊 ⑻ 活性成份 250 ⑻ 微晶纖維素 125 (C) 乳糖BP 125 ⑹ 乙基纖維素 13 513 該受控釋放型膠囊調配物可藉由利用擠壓機擠壓混合成 份(a)至(c)、接著將擠出物團製成球狀並將其乾燥而得以製 備。將該等乾燥顆粒以釋放控制型薄膜(d)塗覆並填充入兩 部分的硬明膠膠囊中。 組合物F(腸溶包衣膠囊) _ 毫克/膠囊 ⑻ 活性成份 250 (b) 微晶纖維素 125 (c) 乳糖BP 125 (d) 鄰苯二曱酸乙酸纖維素 50 (e) 鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯 5 555 該腸溶膠囊組合物可藉由利用擠壓機擠壓混合成份(a)至 95403.doc -69- 200526249 (C)、接著將擠出物團製成球狀並將其乾燥而得以製備。將 該等乾燥顆粒以包含增塑劑(e)之腸溶薄膜(d)來塗覆並填 充入兩部分硬明膠膠囊中。 組合物G(腸溶包衣受控釋放型膠囊) 組合物E之腸溶膠囊可藉由以50毫克/膠囊的諸如鄰苯二 曱酸乙酸纖維素、聚鄰苯二甲酸乙酸乙烯、鄰苯二甲酸羥 基丙基甲基纖維素或甲基丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (Eudragit L)之陰離子聚合物之腸溶聚合物來塗覆該等受控 釋放型顆粒而得以製備。除EudragitL外,該等聚合物亦應 包括10%(以所用聚合物之量之重量計)之增塑劑以防止薄 膜在應用或儲存時破裂。適合之增塑劑包括鄰苯二甲酸二 乙酯、檸檬酸三丁酯及三乙酸甘油酯。 (iii) 靜脈内注射組合物 活性成份 0.200克 無菌、無熱原磷酸緩衝液(pH 9.0) 10毫升 在3 5-40°C下將活性成份溶解於大多數磷酸緩衝液中、接 著按體積處理並經無菌之微孔過濾器過濾入以無菌隔板 (closure)及上封(overseal)密封之無菌10毫升玻璃小瓶(類 型1)中。 (iv) 肌肉内注射組合物 活性成份 0.20 克 苯曱醇 0.10 克 聚乙二醇四氫喃甲基醚(GlycofUrol)75 1.45 克 適量的注射用水 3.00毫升 95403.doc -70- 200526249 將活性成份溶解在聚乙二醇四氫呋喃甲基醚(glycofurol) 中。接著添加苯甲醇並將其溶解,並添加水至3毫升。接著 將此混合物經無菌微孔過濾器過濾且將其密封在無菌3毫 升玻璃小瓶中(類型1)。 (V)糖漿組合物 活性成份 0.25 克 山梨醇溶液 1.50 克 甘油 1.00 克 苯甲酸鈉 0.005 克 調味劑 0.0125毫升 適量的純化水 5.0毫升 將苯甲酸鈉溶解在純化水及所添加之山梨醇溶液之一部 分中。添加並溶解活性成份。將所得溶液與甘油混合且接 著用純化水處理至所需之體積。 (vi)栓劑組合物 毫克/栓劑 活性成份 250 硬脂,BP (Witepsol HI5 - Dynamit NoBel) 1770 2020 在45°C的最大值下在蒸汽封套之平盤中熔融五分之一的 Witepsol H15。經2001m之篩網篩選活性成份,並利用配有 切割頭之混合設備(Silverson)將活性成份混合添加至炫融 之基質(molten base),直至達成勻和分散體。 將混合物維持在45°C,將剩餘之Witepsol H1 5添加至經攪 95403.doc -71 - 200526249 拌以確保均質混合之懸浮液中。接著將整個懸浮液通過 25 01m的不銹鋼絲網,同時繼續攪拌、冷卻至40°C。在 38-40°C之溫度下,將2.02克的該混合物之等分試樣填充入 適合之塑膠模具中且將栓劑冷卻至室溫。 (vii) 陰道栓劑組合物 毫克/陰道栓劑 250 380 363 7 1000 活性成份(631m) 無水右旋糖(Dextrose) 馬鈐薯澱粉 硬脂酸鎂 將上述活性成份直接混合且陰道栓劑可藉由壓縮所得之 混合物而得以製備。 (viii) 經皮吸收之組合物 活性成份 200毫克 醇USP 0.1毫升 羥基乙基纖維素 將活性成份及醇USP與羥基乙基纖維素一起膠質化且封 裝入表面積為10平方公分之經皮吸收裝置中。 95403.doc -72-
Claims (1)
- 200526249 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種用於治療疼痛之組合,其包括協同量之ce-2-δ配位體 與雙重血清素-去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(DSNRI)或選 擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑(SSRI)及選擇性去甲腎上腺素 再攝取抑制劑(SNRI)中之一者或兩者,或其醫藥上可接 受之鹽。 2. 如請求項1之組合,其中該α-2-δ配位體係選自下列各物: 加巴喷丁(gabapentin)、普瑞巴林(pregabalin)、 [(lR,5R,6S)-6-(胺甲基)雙環[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸、3-(1-胺 甲基-環己基甲基)-4Η-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-酮、C-[1-(1H-四唑 -5-基甲基環庚基]-甲胺、(3S,4S)-(1-胺甲基-3,4-二甲基-環戊基)-乙酸、(1α,3α;,5α〇(3-胺基-甲基-雙環[3·2·0]庚-3-基)-乙酸、(3S,5R)-3-胺甲基-5·甲基-辛酸、(3S,5R)-3-胺 基-5-甲基-庚酸、(3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-壬酸及 (3S,5R)-3-胺基-5-甲基-辛酸,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 3. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該ce-2-δ配位體為加巴喷丁。 4. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該ce-2-δ配位體為普瑞巴林。 5. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該ce-2-δ配位體係與SSRI或其 醫藥上可接受之鹽組合。 6. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該SSRI係選自下列各物:舍 曲林(sertraline)、敗西汀(fluoxetine)、 敗伏沙明 (fluvoxamine)、帕羅西汀(paroxetine)、西駄普蘭 (citalopram)、d,l-苯 It 拉明(d,l-fenf!uramine)、非莫西汀 (femoxetine)、曲嗤酮(trazodone)、塞瑞拉明 95403.doc 200526249 (cericlamine)、依夫西汀(ifoxetine)、氰基多沙必 (cyanodothiepin)及立替西;丁(litoxetine),或其醫藥上可接 受之鹽。 7·· 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該SSRI為舍曲林。 8. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該ce-2-δ配位體係與SNRI或其 醫藥上可接受之鹽組合。 9. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該SNRI係選自下列各物:瑞 波西汀(reboxetine)、S,S-瑞波西汀、地昔帕明 (desipramine)、麥普替林(maprotiline)、洛夫帕明 (lofepramine)、米安舍林(mianserin)、米氮平 (mirtazepine)、經丙替林(oxaprotiline)、非左拉明 (fezolamine)、托莫西、;丁(tomoxetine)及丁胺苯丙酮 (buproprion),或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 10. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該SNRI係選自麥普替林、地 昔帕明、丁胺苯丙酮、瑞波西汀及S,S-瑞波西汀,或其醫 藥上可接受之鹽。 11·如請求項1或2之組合,其中該SNRI為S,S-瑞波西汀或其 醫藥上可接受之鹽。 12. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該α-2-δ配位體係與DSNRI或 其醫藥上可接受之鹽組合。 13. 如請求項1或2之組合,其中該DSNRI係選自下列物質:文 拉法辛(venlafaxine)、文拉法辛代謝物0-去甲基文拉法 辛、氯米帕明(clomipramine)、氣米帕明代謝物去甲基氯 米帕明、度洛西、;丁(duloxetine)、米那普舍(milnacipran)、 95403.doc 200526249 及丙咪嗪(imipramine),或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 14·如明求項1或2之組合,其中該dsnrh^、選自米那普侖 '度 洛西汀及文拉法辛,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 種用於疼痛之治癒性、預防性或減輕性治療之醫藥組 合物,其包括治療有效量之如請求項i或2之組合、或其 醫樂上可接受之鹽及一適合之載劑或賦形劑。 16·種將協同有效量之α_2-δ配位體與DSNRI或ssrI&snri 中-者或兩者、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽用於製造疼痛之 治癒性、預防性或減輕性治療的藥物的用途。 17·如请求項16之用途,其中該疼痛為神經痛。 18. —種用於疼痛之治癒性、預防性或減輕性治療之組合, ”包括治療協同量之配位體與DSNRI或SSRI及 SNRI中之一者或兩者、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中將 該配位體與該DSNRI或SSRI& SNRI中之〆者或兩 者同時、連續或獨立地投藥。 19·如請求項18之組合,其中該疼痛為神經痛。 95403.doc 200526249 七、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: (無) 95403.doc
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| US20090306050A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2009-12-10 | Timothy Dinan | Treatment and prevention of depression with pain, depression secondary to pain, and of neuropathic pain |
| TW200914457A (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-04-01 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | Pyrimidodiazepinone derivative |
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| KR102031334B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-18 | 2019-10-11 | 노바쎄이 에스에이 | 통증 및 기타 장애의 치료용의 감마-아미노뷰티르산(gaba) 유사체 |
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-
2004
- 2004-09-06 CA CA002537402A patent/CA2537402C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-06 WO PCT/IB2004/002943 patent/WO2005025675A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-06 MX MXPA06002789A patent/MXPA06002789A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-09-06 EP EP09176933A patent/EP2156863A3/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-06 NZ NZ545494A patent/NZ545494A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-06 BR BRPI0414343-4A patent/BRPI0414343A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-06 CN CNA2004800261754A patent/CN1849153A/zh active Pending
- 2004-09-06 JP JP2006525924A patent/JP2007505097A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-06 AT AT04769341T patent/ATE449633T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-06 KR KR1020067004976A patent/KR100828218B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-06 ES ES04769341T patent/ES2334673T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-06 EP EP04769341A patent/EP1663398B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-06 RU RU2006107552/15A patent/RU2320369C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-06 DE DE602004024317T patent/DE602004024317D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-06 AU AU2004271800A patent/AU2004271800A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-08 US US10/935,824 patent/US20050059715A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-10 AR ARP040103262A patent/AR045634A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-10 TW TW093127537A patent/TW200526249A/zh unknown
-
2006
- 2006-02-23 IL IL173904A patent/IL173904A0/en unknown
- 2006-03-03 CO CO06021162A patent/CO5660280A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-06 NO NO20061083A patent/NO20061083L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-10 ZA ZA200602077A patent/ZA200602077B/en unknown
-
2009
- 2009-12-02 US US12/629,516 patent/US20100081718A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-02-21 AU AU2011200717A patent/AU2011200717A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-03-07 JP JP2012049988A patent/JP2012144545A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-29 US US13/597,462 patent/US20120329781A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-03-19 US US14/219,351 patent/US20140206670A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1663398A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| KR20060082861A (ko) | 2006-07-19 |
| WO2005025675A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| DE602004024317D1 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
| NO20061083L (no) | 2006-06-06 |
| CN1849153A (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
| BRPI0414343A (pt) | 2006-11-07 |
| AU2004271800A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| US20050059715A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
| CO5660280A2 (es) | 2006-07-31 |
| CA2537402C (en) | 2009-05-05 |
| AR045634A1 (es) | 2005-11-02 |
| EP2156863A3 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| MXPA06002789A (es) | 2006-06-14 |
| US20120329781A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| EP2156863A2 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| JP2012144545A (ja) | 2012-08-02 |
| ATE449633T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
| NZ545494A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
| ZA200602077B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CA2537402A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| US20100081718A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
| IL173904A0 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| ES2334673T3 (es) | 2010-03-15 |
| KR100828218B1 (ko) | 2008-05-07 |
| AU2011200717A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| RU2320369C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 |
| JP2007505097A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
| RU2006107552A (ru) | 2007-09-20 |
| EP1663398B1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
| US20140206670A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
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