JP2019511228A - 多能性幹細胞の中腸内胚葉細胞への分化 - Google Patents
多能性幹細胞の中腸内胚葉細胞への分化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
特に断らない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野における当業者によって一般的に理解されているものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に述べられるものと同様又は同等の任意の方法及び材料を本発明の試験を実施するために使用することができるが、本明細書では好ましい材料及び方法について述べる。本発明を説明及び特許請求する上で以下の用語が用いられる。
ABCG2−ATP結合カセット、サブファミリーG、メンバー2;
ALB−アルブミン;
BMP−骨形成タンパク質;
CDX2−caudal type homeobox 2;
CXCR4−C−X−Cケモカイン受容体4型:
FAF−BSA−脂肪酸を含まないウシ血清アルブミン
FGF−線維芽細胞増殖因子;
FOXA2−Forkhead Box A2;
GATA4−GATA結合タンパク質4;
GDF−増殖分化因子;
GIP−グルコース依存性インスリン分泌ポリペプチド;
GLP−1−グルカゴン様ペプチド1;
GSK3B−グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3β;
HAND1−heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1;
HOX−ホメオボックス;
hTERT−ヒトテロメラーゼ逆転写酵素;
KLF−クルッペル様転写因子;
LGR5−ロイシンリッチリピート含有Gタンパク質共役型受容体5;
MIXL1−Mix Paired様ホメオボックス−1;
OCT4−オクタマー結合転写因子4;
OTX2−orthodenticle homeobox 2;
PDX1−pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1;
PTF1A−膵臓特異的転写因子1a;
SOX−性決定領域Y(SRY)−box;
TRA1−60−T細胞受容体α−1−60;
UTF1−未分化胚細胞転写因子1;
WNT3A−wingless−type MMTV integration siteファミリー、メンバー3A;及び
ZFP42−ジンクフィンガータンパク質42。
多能性幹細胞は、内胚葉、中胚葉、及び外胚葉組織の3胚葉の全ての細胞に分化する能力を有している。使用が可能な多能性幹細胞の例示の種類としては、妊娠期間中の任意の時期(必ずしもではないが、通常は妊娠約10〜12週よりも前)に採取した前胚性組織(例えば胚盤胞など)、胚性組織又は胎児組織を含む、多能性細胞の樹立株が挙げられる。非限定的な例は、ヒト胚性幹細胞又はヒト胚生殖細胞の樹立株であり、例えば、ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1、H7、及びH9(WiCell Research Institute,Madison,WI,USA)などである。フィーダー細胞の非存在下で既に培養された多能性幹細胞集団から採取した細胞も好適である。OCT4、NANOG、SOX2、KLF4、及びZFP42など多数の多能性に関係する転写因子の強制発現を使用して、成体体細胞から誘導されるiPS、つまり再プログラム化された多能性細胞(AaAnnu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2011,12:165〜185;更に、iPS,Cell,126(4):663〜676も参照)も使用できる。本発明の方法で使用されるヒト胚性幹細胞もまた、Thomsonらによって記載されるように調製され得る(米国特許第5,843,780号、Science,1998,282:1145〜1147;Curr Top Dev Biol 1998,38:133〜165;Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A.1995,92:7844〜7848)。BG01v(BresaGen,Athens,Ga.)などの変異体ヒト胚性幹細胞株、又はTakahashi et al.,Cell 131:1〜12(2007)に開示されている細胞などのヒト成体細胞に由来する細胞を使用することもできる。ある特定の実施形態では、本発明での使用に好適な多能性幹細胞は、Li et al.(Cell Stem Cell 4:16〜19,2009);Maherali et al.(Cell Stem Cell 1:55〜70,2007);Stadtfeld et al.(Cell Stem Cell 2:230〜240);Nakagawa et al.(Nature Biotechnol 26:101〜106,2008);Takahashi et al.(Cell 131:861〜872,2007);及び米国特許出願公開第2011/0104805号に記載され得方法に従って誘導され得る。ある特定の実施形態において、多能性幹細胞は、非胎生起源であり得る。これらの参考文献、特許、及び特許出願の全ては、とりわけそれらが多能性細胞の単離、培養、増殖、及び分化に関するため、参照によりそれら全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
多能性幹細胞の特性は当業者には周知であり、多能性幹細胞の更なる特性が引き続き同定されている。多能性幹細胞のマーカーとして、例えば、ABCG2、Cripto、FOXD3、CONNEXIN43、CONNEXIN45、OCT4、SOX2、NANOG、hTERT、UTF1、ZFP42、SSEA−3、SSEA−4、TRA−1−60、及びTRA−1−81のうち1つ又は2つ以上の発現が挙げられる。
ステージ1:細胞培養株から得られる胚性幹細胞などの多能性幹細胞を、胚体内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞への分化を誘導するように適切な因子で処理する。
ステージ2:ステージ1から得た細胞を、原始腸管細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞への更なる分化を誘導するように適切な因子で処理する。
ステージ3:ステージ2から得た細胞を、中腸内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞への更なる分化を誘導するように適切な因子で処理する。
多能性幹細胞は、当技術分野において既知の任意の方法により、又は本発明で提案される任意の好適な方法により、胚体内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞に分化され得る。本発明の一実施形態では、多能性幹細胞を、GDF8及びGSK3β阻害剤などの因子(例えば、その全体が参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許出願公開第2010/0015711号に開示される、環状アニリン−ピリジノトリアジン化合物)を添加したMCDB−131培地(Life Technologies,Carlsbad,California)などの培地で処理し、胚体内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞への分化を誘導する。スタウロスポリンなど広範なGSK3β阻害剤、好ましいGSK3β阻害剤(本明細書で「MCX化合物」と称される、14−プロパ−2−エン−1−イル−3,5,7,14,17,23,27−ヘプタアザテトラシクロ[19.3.1.1〜2,6〜.1〜8,12〜]ヘプタコサ−1(25),2(27),3,5,8(26),9,11,21,23−ノナエン−16−オン)が存在する。処理は、多能性幹細胞を、約10ng/mL〜1000ng/mL、好ましくは50ng/mL〜約150ng/mL、代替的に約75ng/mL〜約125ng/mL、代替的に約100ng/mLのGDF8を添加した培地と接触させることを含み得る。この処理はまた、細胞を、約0.1〜10μM、好ましくは0.1〜5μM、代替的に約0.5〜約2.5μM、好ましくは約1.5μM又は約1.0μMのMCX化合物と接触させることも含み得る。その他培地の構成成分として、約2.7g/1000mL〜3.6g/1000mL、好ましくは2.7g/1000mLの重炭酸ナトリウム;約0.1%〜2.0%、好ましくは約0.5%のFAF−BSA;1:100(「1×濃度」)に希釈したGlutaMAX(商標)(Life Technologies Corporation,Carlsbad,California);及び、10mM濃度のD−グルコースを得るための、約2mM〜20mMの範囲の濃度、好ましくは4.5mMのD−グルコースを含んでよい。
胚体内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞は、原始腸管細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞に更に分化され得る。一実施形態では、原始腸管細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞の形成は、胚体内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、FGF7を含有するMCDB−131などの培地で培養し、これらの細胞を分化させることを含む。例えば、培養培地は、約10ng/mL〜100ng/mL、好ましくは約25ng/mL〜約75ng/mL、代替的に約30ng/mL〜約60ng/mL、代替的に約50ng/mLのFGF7を含んでよい。細胞は、これらの条件下で約2〜3日間、好ましくは約2日間培養され得る。
原始腸管細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、中腸内胚葉細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと更に分化できる。一実施形態では、原始腸管細胞を、レチノイン酸及びBMP4又はBMP2を添加したBLAR培地(Life Technologies,Corporation,Carlsbad,California)などの培地中で培養することにより、中腸内胚葉細胞に更に分化させる。好ましい実施形態では、培地に、約0.5μM〜約5μMのレチノイン酸、好ましくは約1μMと、約10ng/mL〜約100ng/mLのBMP4又はBMP2、好ましくは約50ng/mLのBMP4又はBMP2を添加する。培地へのその他の添加成分として、約0.1%〜2.0%、好ましくは約0.5%のFAF−BSA;GlutaMAX(商標);及び、10mM濃度のD−グルコースを得るための、約2mM〜20mMの範囲の濃度、好ましくは4.5mMのD−グルコースを含んでよい。一実施形態では、原始腸管細胞に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞は、BMP4又はBMP2及びレチノイン酸で、3〜5日間、好ましくは5日間処理される。培地のpHは、5日間のステージ3コンディショニング期間中、6.8〜7.2の範囲であってよい(7.3以上であるS2D2での通常pHと比べて)。
本発明の別の実施形態では、分化した中腸内胚葉細胞を単独で、又は分化した、つまり成熟した内分泌細胞、例えば腸内分泌細胞と組み合わせて、糖尿病に罹っている、又は糖尿病発症のリスクがある患者の治療に使用できる。かかる実施形態では、分化した中腸内胚葉細胞又はそれらの混合物を、糖尿病、例えば1型又は2型糖尿病の患者に投与してもよい。実施形態では、中腸内胚葉細胞は、腸内分泌細胞に分化して成熟する。実施形態では、中腸内胚葉細胞は、腸内分泌細胞に分化して成熟し、腸内分泌細胞はインクレチン型ホルモンを発現又は分泌する。実施形態では、インクレチンホルモンとして、GLP1及びGIPが挙げられる。細胞の投与は、体内への移植又は注入、特に皮下腔、網膜、肝臓、腎臓などへの移植によるものであってよい。
CDX2及びFOXA2が共存/共発現している中腸内胚葉細胞集団の産生方法
以下の実施例は、ヒト胚性幹細胞(「hESC」)から中腸内胚葉細胞を発生させるための分化誘導法について記載する。「中腸内胚葉」は、マウスの発生中の胎生期約8.5日(「E8.5」)、又は、ヒト胚発生中の約3〜4週の時点で存在するCDX2陽性かつFOXA2陽性の内胚葉細胞である、対応するin vivo又はin situ細胞型タイプを指す。
細胞培養:EZ8培地(カタログ#A1516901 Gibco,Thermo Fisher Scientific)で培養した、継代数28のヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞(「H1−hESC」)(WA01細胞、WiCell Research Institute,Madison,Wisconsin)を、0.094×106個/cm2の単一細胞として、1:30希釈のMATRIGEL(商標)(Corning Incorporated,Corning,New York、カタログ#356231)をコーティングしたディッシュで、以下を含むダルベッコ変性イーグル培地栄養素混合液F−12(「DMEM−F12」)(Life Technologies Corporation,Carlsbad,California、カタログ番号11330−032)中に播種した。
各ステージで添加された重要な培地成分、成長因子及び小分子、並びに、中腸内胚葉細胞の分化の主要なステージ特異的マーカー(FOXA2、CDX2、KLF5、SOX9、及びPDX1LO)を含む、分化方法の概要を図1Aに示す。S2D2と記される中性pH(7.35±0.04)と比べて、細胞をステージ3全体の間に、BLAR培地中で、BLAR培地中の重炭酸ナトリウム濃度を低下させてわずかに酸性条件にしたものに曝した(pH;S3D1、6.98±0.05;S3D2、7.02±0.04;S3D5、7.18±0.03)(図1B)。ステージ3の5日間の間、培養液のpHは約6.8〜7.2の範囲であってよい。図1Cは、S3D5単層(左)及びヒト結腸腺癌上皮細胞株(「Caco−2」)(右)(分化の特徴の基準として使用した)の代表的な位相差画像を示す。S3D5における均一な形態が観察された。Nucleocounter(登録商標)NC−100(Chemometec(Alleroed,Denmark)、カタログ番号900−004)を用いて細胞数を確認すると、1つのhESCが、4.56±2.60個のS3D5後腸内胚葉細胞に分化したことを示す(図1D)。
胚体内胚葉から開始し、FGF4及びWNTアゴニストを使用する腸管培養は、CDX2+中腸/後腸細胞の内胚葉−間葉混合物を産生する
この実施例は、胚体内胚葉ステージで開始し、FGF4及びWNTアゴニストを使用する、腸管培養から産生される内胚葉−間葉混合品質のCDX2+中腸/後腸細胞を実証する(Spence et al.,Nature,2011;470:105〜109;Watson et al.Nature Med,2014;11:1310〜1314)。Spenceら(以下)に記載される中腸/後腸内胚葉細胞への誘導を調べるため、以下のプロトコールを用いてhESCを分化させた。この実施例で概説される分化条件は、(i)腸管状態の開始点が胚体内胚葉で始まる、(ii)RA及びBMP4又はBMP2とは異なる成長因子及び小分子を用いる、及び(iii)酸性培養条件を使用しない点において、実施例1とは異なることに留意されたい。
細胞培養:H1−hESC細胞を、実施例1に記載されるように培養し、維持した。
各ステージで添加される培地成分、成長因子及び小分子、並びに、中腸/後腸内胚葉細胞の分化のサイン、つまり主要なステージ特異的マーカー(HAND1)を含む、分化方法の概要を図8Aに示す。腸管状態(ステージ1後)は、500ng/mLのFGF4、及び、3μMのChiron99021(Watsonet al.)、又は500ng/mLのWnt3A(Spence et al.)のいずれかと共に、胚体内胚葉ステージで開始した。用語「ステージ1−ミミック」は、実施例1に記載されるステージ1のコンディショニングを指す「S1D3−オリジナル」とは異なる、本実施例の胚体内胚葉の分化プロトコールを指す。図8Bは、H1−hESC細胞(上列、左)、500ng/mLのFGF4及び3μMのChiron99021で2日間コンディショニングしたステージ1後の細胞(上列、中)、500ng/mLのFGF4及び500ng/mLのWnt3Aで2日間コンディショニングしたステージ1後の細胞(上列、右)と共に、RA/BMP4でコンディショニングしたS3D5単層(下列、左)、及び、RA/BMP2でコンディショニングしたS3D5単層(下列、右)(実施例1」)の、位相差画像を示す。
Claims (22)
- ヒト多能性幹細胞を培地中で培養し、中腸内胚葉細胞への分化を誘導することを含み、実質的に中腸内胚葉細胞の細胞集団が産生される、中腸内胚葉細胞集団の産生方法。
- ヒト多能性幹細胞を培地中で培養し、中腸内胚葉細胞への分化を誘導することを含み、前記分化細胞が中腸内胚葉細胞であり、前記中腸内胚葉細胞が単層を形成し、前記単層として維持する、中腸内胚葉細胞集団の産生方法。
- 前記方法が、
a.GDF−8及びGSK3β阻害化合物を含む第1の培地中で前記ヒト多能性幹細胞を培養し、胚体内胚葉細胞にする工程と、
b.アスコルビン酸及びFGF7を含む第2の培地中で前記胚体内胚葉細胞を培養し、原始腸管細胞にする工程と、
c.レチノイン酸及びBMP2又はBMP4を含む第3の培地中で原始腸管細胞を培養し、中腸内胚葉細胞にする工程と、を含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記中腸内胚葉細胞がCDX2及びFOXA2を発現する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、SOX9、PDX1、KLF5及びHOXC5からなる群から選択される転写因子を発現する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、SOX2、ALB、PTF1A、HOXA13及びLGR5からなる群から選択される転写因子を発現しない、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、培地中で単層を形成し、前記単層を維持する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団が間葉細胞を含まない、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団がHAND1を発現しない、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記分化がin vitroで誘導される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- ヒト多能性幹細胞を中腸内胚葉細胞に分化させる工程と、前記分化細胞を患者に移植する工程と、を含む、糖尿病に罹っている、又は糖尿病発症のリスクがある患者の治療方法。
- 前記移植された中腸内胚葉細胞をin vivoで分化させることを更に含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記糖尿病が1型又は2型である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、in vivoで腸内分泌細胞に更に分化し、前記腸内分泌細胞がインクレチンホルモンを分泌する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記インクレチンホルモンがGLP1及びGIPである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞がCDX2及びFOXA2を発現する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、SOX9、PDX1、KLF5及びHOXC5からなる群から選択される転写因子を発現する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、SOX2、ALB、PTF1A、HOXA13及びLGR5からなる群から選択される転写因子を発現しない、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 培養液中の胚体内胚葉細胞の原始腸管細胞への分化を誘導することを含み、前記胚体内胚葉細胞をアスコルビン酸及びFGF7を含む培地中で培養する、中腸内胚葉細胞の産生方法。
- 前記原始腸管細胞を、レチノイン酸及びBMP2又はBMP4を含む培地中で培養し、中腸内胚葉細胞に分化させる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が酸性である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記中腸内胚葉細胞が、培地中で単層を形成し、前記単層を維持する、請求項19に記載の方法。
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