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EP4248160B1 - Rohrbündelwärmetauscher - Google Patents

Rohrbündelwärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4248160B1
EP4248160B1 EP21798942.5A EP21798942A EP4248160B1 EP 4248160 B1 EP4248160 B1 EP 4248160B1 EP 21798942 A EP21798942 A EP 21798942A EP 4248160 B1 EP4248160 B1 EP 4248160B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
heat exchanger
heat exchange
tube bundle
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21798942.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4248160A1 (de
Inventor
Harald GAIBLER
Achim Gotterbarm
Philipp Hofmann
Verena Obst
Michael Scheuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Priority to SI202130241T priority Critical patent/SI4248160T1/sl
Publication of EP4248160A1 publication Critical patent/EP4248160A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4248160B1 publication Critical patent/EP4248160B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/067—Fastening; Joining by welding by laser welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • US 2008/235950 A1 eg discloses such a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a first fluid to a second fluid.
  • a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually has a hollow cylinder inside which a large number of tubes are arranged.
  • One of the two fluids can be passed through the tubes, the other fluid through the hollow cylinder, in particular around the tubes.
  • the tubes are attached by their ends to one or more tube plates of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger along their circumference.
  • the tubes are, for example, firmly bonded to the tube sheet at their ends.
  • the tubes and the tube sheet are each made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and are bonded to the tube sheet by means of laser welding.
  • the intensity of the laser beam generated is over 1 MW/cm2. It is also planned that the tubes of the tube bundle heat exchanger are bonded to the tube sheet before laser welding. be connected in a form-fitting manner.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger to be manufactured has, in its finished, operational state, a large number of tubes arranged inside a hollow cylinder.
  • the tube sheet can be designed as a plate and has holes whose diameters essentially correspond to the outside diameters of the tubes. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these holes.
  • the tubes can run in a straight line within the hollow cylinder as a straight tube heat exchanger.
  • two tube plates are provided, which are arranged at opposite ends of the straight tube heat exchanger. Each tube is attached at one of its ends to one of these two tube plates.
  • the tubes can also run in a U-shape within the hollow cylinder as a U-tube heat exchanger.
  • a U-tube heat exchanger usually has only one tube plate. Since the tubes are bent in a U-shape in this case, they can each be attached to the same tube plate at both ends.
  • the publication WO 2017/ 125 253 A1 a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube sheet is known.
  • the tubes are connected to the tube sheet by means of laser welding bonded together.
  • a laser beam is generated and focused on a spot to be welded in a connection area between the pipe and the tube sheet.
  • the laser beam is moved in such a way that it makes a first movement across the connection area and a second movement superimposed on the first movement, which is different from the first movement.
  • the second movement specifically influences the melt pool dynamics and advantageously modifies a vapor capillary that is formed.
  • the invention is based on the object of connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube sheet reliably and with little effort in high quality.
  • the invention includes a tube bundle heat exchanger with an enveloping outer shell and at least one tube sheet, which together define an interior of the tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle with a plurality of heat exchanger tubes, which are arranged in the interior through which a first fluid can flow and are optionally supported by additional support plates.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have integral ribs formed on the outside of the tube that run helically around the tube, with a rib base, rib flanks and rib tip, and a channel with a channel base is formed between the ribs.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger comprises at least one inlet on the outer shell, via which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior, and at least one outlet, via which the second fluid can be discharged from the interior.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger comprises optionally at least one connection box arranged on the at least one tube sheet for distribution, deflection or collection of the first fluid.
  • the at least one tube sheet has recesses as passage points, each recess having an inner surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes protrude with their outer ribbing at least into the recesses of the tube sheet, whereby a joint gap is formed between the inner surface of a recess and the outer ribbing of a heat exchanger tube located within the recess.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have a material connection with the tube sheet by means of joining material and including the external ribbing, which is formed only in a first partial section of the recess extending from the front side of a heat exchanger tube in the axial direction, in that the joining gap is filled with joining material in this first partial section, so that a second partial section of the recess remains in which the joining gap is not filled with joining material, wherein the heat exchanger tube in the region of the second partial section on the outside of the tube still has external ribbing.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have external ribbing within the passage points where they enter or pass through a tube sheet. This external ribbing is enclosed by the material for a material-locking connection, thus hermetically sealing the passage of gas or liquid.
  • a combination of force-locking and form-locking can also be used to advantage.
  • the joining material penetrates in the axial direction only to a certain extent in a first section from the front side into the joint gap, since the outer ribs prevent free passage, as is the case with a smooth tube, for example.
  • the outer ribs therefore form barriers that must be flowed around or melted. Flowing around is particularly important in the joining processes of soldering and gluing.
  • the outer fins of the heat exchanger tube are partially melted.
  • the melt flow is then preferably stopped at one of the outer fins as soon as the temperature of the melt is no longer sufficient to melt a fin further inside. This barrier stops the melt from penetrating further into the joint gap. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material is provided during the joining process, which completely closes the joint point at or near the front of the tube.
  • a heat exchanger tube can optionally have an internal structure.
  • the internal structure can be designed in the form of an internally rotating helix with a predetermined twist angle.
  • the pitch of the rotating external fins can be the same, less than or greater than the pitch of the rotating helix specified by the twist angle.
  • the two structures can therefore differ in that the design of the external fins and the internal structure can be designed independently of one another and thus optimized in order to ensure a material bond between the outside of a heat exchanger tube and the vessel wall.
  • the ratio of the maximum structural height of the external fins and the maximum structural height of the internal structure is preferably in the range of 1.25 to 5 for condenser tubes and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 for evaporator tubes.
  • the tube bundle heat exchangers according to the invention can be built much more compactly.
  • the external finning continues into the tube sheet, which means that the number of heat exchanger tubes per unit can be significantly reduced.
  • the finned tubes enable more efficient use of energy or the reduction of filling quantities, which reduces operating costs.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a material-locking connection between the heat exchanger tubes and the tube sheets can be achieved in a particularly reliable and high-quality manner with little effort.
  • a heat exchanger tube with its external ribbing enters the tube sheet or passes through the tube sheet. The external ribbing then remains immediately adjacent to the material-locking connection between the tubes and the tube sheet.
  • the first section filled with joining material can be less than 70% of the length of the entire joint gap in the axial direction.
  • the filled first section of the joint gap advantageously comprises only less than 50% of the total length.
  • a filling level of 20% of the first section can be sufficient to produce a fluid-tight, material-tight connection.
  • the clear width between the fin tips of a heat exchanger tube and the inner surface of the recess can be a maximum of 30% of the fin height measured from the channel base to the fin tip.
  • the barrier effect of the outer fins is increased by this clear width.
  • the joining material can be introduced in a targeted manner via this clear width of the joining gap to form the filled first section.
  • Another flow channel for the joining material is the channel formed by the integral ribs that are formed in a helical shape. The channel cross-section is, however, determined by the rib height and the distance between adjacent ribs and is usually smaller than the selected clear width.
  • the material connection can advantageously be designed to be gas-tight and pressure-resistant.
  • a hermetic seal is important to prevent fluid exchange with the environment in every operating mode.
  • the heat exchanger tubes in the passage points have an inner tube diameter D2 which is larger than the inner tube diameter D1 of the heat exchanger tubes outside the passage points.
  • the process involves an expansion of the heat exchanger tube, resulting in an increased internal passage diameter D2.
  • the expansion then causes the external fins to be squeezed within a passage point. Nevertheless, the material-tight connection ensures a stable hermetic seal.
  • the heat exchanger tubes can be soldered, glued or welded into the tube sheet.
  • connection may also be others which reliably join the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheet by means of a material-locking connection.
  • the external ribbing on the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can preferably run in the circumferential direction or in the axial direction parallel to the tube axis.
  • the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can have spirally circumferential external ribbing. With spirally circumferential external ribbing, only a residual gap and the channel spirally circumferential with external ribbing must be reliably sealed by the material-locking connection.
  • At least one first heat exchanger tube can consist of a first material and at least one second heat exchanger tube can consist of a second material that differs from the first material.
  • steel tubes with particularly high strength can offer a particular advantage.
  • Copper tubes optimize efficient heat transfer.
  • Other materials such as titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and copper-nickel alloys, can also be considered.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 with an enveloping outer shell 2 and two tube plates 3, which together define an interior 4 of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 comprises a tube bundle with a large number of heat exchanger tubes 5, which are arranged in the interior 4 and through which a first fluid for heat transfer can flow and are supported by additional support plates 6. Such support plates 6 are often also used as baffles for the fluid flow.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 also comprises connection boxes 7, which distribute, divert or collect the first fluid inside the heat exchanger tubes as required.
  • a heat exchanger tube 5 with outer fins 51 is enlarged.
  • integral ribs 51 are formed on the outside of the pipe and run helically around the pipe axis A.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a front view of a section of a tube sheet 3 with passages 31.
  • the recess in the Tube sheet 3 is preferably just large enough for a heat exchanger tube 5 with its external ribbing 51 to be inserted and connected there in a materially bonded manner.
  • Welded, adhesive and soldered connections as a materially bonded connection 20 can be made at the passage point 31, starting from the front side, over a first section of the wall thickness of a tube sheet 3 and form a fluid-tight connection.
  • a Figure 2 not visible, unfilled remainder of the joint gap in the tube sheet wall 3 preserved.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a vertical section of the tube sheet 3 in the plane of the passage point 31 of a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 shown has an external ribbing 51 on the outside.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 passes through the tube sheet 3 at the recess 31 as a passage point in the illustrated embodiment. At this passage point 31, the heat exchanger tube 5 has a continuous external ribbing 51.
  • a Figure 3 A material-locking connection 20 that has not yet been made, for example in the form of a weld seam with the tube sheet 3 that runs around the circumference of the tube, is located in a section of the joint gap 10 after the joining process.
  • advantageous new intermetallic phases can form in the melt bath at the weld point 20.
  • Laser welding is a particularly suitable method for producing a material-locking connection with a locally limited melt flow.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a detailed view of a section of a material connection 20 of the tube sheet 3 with a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 is inserted in the direction of the tube axis A into the recess 31 made in the tube sheet 3 and ends with the front side 53 with the outer tube sheet surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 have integral ribs 51 formed on the outside of the tube in a helical shape with a rib base 511, rib flanks 512 and rib tip 513.
  • a channel 52 with a channel base 521 is formed between adjacent ribs 51.
  • a weld seam is shown as a material-locking connection 20, which is formed, for example, during laser welding. If necessary, suitable welding additives are used on the material side during joining. In this way, the material flow and the quantity can be precisely tailored to the desired joint connection.
  • certain areas of the tube sheet 3 as well as some outer ribs 51 on the heat exchanger tube 5 are at least partially melted by the heat input of a laser and integrated as joining material 20.
  • the melt enters the joining gap 10 starting from the front side 53, but is blocked after a certain penetration depth, so that only a first front-side section 101 of the joining gap 10 is filled, including the outer ribbing 51. Further passage of the melt is prevented by a rib 51, which is no longer melted or flowed around due to the decreasing temperature at the melt front and thus acts as a barrier. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material 20 is provided during the joining process, which can completely close the joint point already at or near the pipe front side 53.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 thus have a material connection 20 with the tube sheet 3, which is formed only in a first partial section 101 of the recess 31 extending in the axial direction from the end face 53 of a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • a second partial section 102 of the recess 31 is not filled with joining material.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 also has an external ribbing 51 on the outside of the tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
EP21798942.5A 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Rohrbündelwärmetauscher Active EP4248160B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI202130241T SI4248160T1 (sl) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Prenosnik toplote s cevnim snopom

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020007022 2020-11-17
PCT/EP2021/000127 WO2022106045A1 (de) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Rohrbündelwärmetauscher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4248160A1 EP4248160A1 (de) 2023-09-27
EP4248160B1 true EP4248160B1 (de) 2024-10-02

Family

ID=78413965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21798942.5A Active EP4248160B1 (de) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Rohrbündelwärmetauscher

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US12345476B2 (sl)
EP (1) EP4248160B1 (sl)
JP (1) JP7583930B2 (sl)
KR (1) KR20230110247A (sl)
CN (1) CN116670459A (sl)
CA (1) CA3195755A1 (sl)
HU (1) HUE069375T2 (sl)
MX (1) MX2023005414A (sl)
PL (1) PL4248160T3 (sl)
PT (1) PT4248160T (sl)
SI (1) SI4248160T1 (sl)
TW (1) TWI899355B (sl)
WO (1) WO2022106045A1 (sl)

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JPS5252285Y2 (sl) * 1975-02-07 1977-11-28
JPS51117270U (sl) * 1975-03-19 1976-09-22
JPS51117270A (en) 1975-04-08 1976-10-15 Hiroshi Ishikawa Permanent-magnet applied shaft rotating means
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JP2001342909A (ja) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-14 Hino Motors Ltd Ｅｇｒクーラ
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US20080235950A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Condensing tube with corrugated fins
JP2009162395A (ja) 2007-12-28 2009-07-23 Showa Denko Kk 二重管式熱交換器
DE102008020946A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Erk Eckrohrkessel Gmbh Multifunktionaler Hochleistungs-Rohrbündelkondensator
SE534011C2 (sv) * 2008-09-22 2011-03-29 K A Ekstroem & Son Ab Värmeväxlare och kimröksproduktionsanläggning anpassad för produktion av kimrök
JP5199857B2 (ja) 2008-12-19 2013-05-15 株式会社沖データ 印刷装置
KR101961881B1 (ko) * 2011-08-09 2019-07-17 록히드 마틴 코포레이션 열교환기용 튜브단을 마찰 교반 용접하는 방법 및 장치
JP5832641B2 (ja) * 2012-04-27 2015-12-16 三菱電機株式会社 熱交換器、その製造方法及び冷凍サイクル装置
FR2996631B1 (fr) * 2012-10-08 2015-02-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur thermique pour systeme de stockage thermique
DE112014001333T5 (de) 2013-03-12 2015-11-26 Lockheed Martin Corporation Rührreibschweissverfahren an Rohrendenfugen und ein dadurch gefertigtes Produkt
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JP2019184166A (ja) * 2018-04-11 2019-10-24 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
CN111504091A (zh) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-07 江苏双良冷却系统有限公司 一种间接空冷散热器管束

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI4248160T1 (sl) 2025-03-31
PL4248160T3 (pl) 2025-03-03
CA3195755A1 (en) 2022-05-27
PT4248160T (pt) 2024-11-04
JP2023548673A (ja) 2023-11-20
US20230392871A1 (en) 2023-12-07
EP4248160A1 (de) 2023-09-27
TW202227771A (zh) 2022-07-16
HUE069375T2 (hu) 2025-03-28
WO2022106045A1 (de) 2022-05-27
JP7583930B2 (ja) 2024-11-14
US12345476B2 (en) 2025-07-01
TWI899355B (zh) 2025-10-01
CN116670459A (zh) 2023-08-29
KR20230110247A (ko) 2023-07-21
MX2023005414A (es) 2023-05-22

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