DE20204302U1 - additional spring - Google Patents

Description

BASF Aktiengesellschaft .200"201LS*. '"· <5!&zgr;·."{)050/53355 DE

Additional spring

Description
5

The invention relates to a spring element based on a cylindrical damping element (i) based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, preferably based on cellular polyurethane elastomers, which may optionally contain polyurea structures, particularly preferably based on cellular polyurethane elastomers, preferably with a density according to DIN 53 420 of 200 to 1100, preferably 300 to 800 kg/m ³ , a tensile strength according to DIN 53571 of > 2, preferably 2 to 8 N/mm ² , an elongation according to DIN 53571 of > 300, preferably 300 to 700% and a tear resistance according to DIN 53515 of > 8, preferably 8 to 25 N/mm, wherein the spring elements have a circumferential base (ii) with a diameter (iii) of 131 mm to 135 mm, preferably 133 mm, and a thickness (iv) of 2 mm to 10 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, particularly preferably 6 mm, and a head part (v) with a diameter (vi) of 54 mm to 56 mm, preferably 55 mm. The invention also relates to automobiles containing the spring elements according to the invention.

Suspension elements made from polyurethane elastomers are used in automobiles, for example in the chassis, and are well known. They are used in particular in motor vehicles as vibration-damping spring elements. The spring elements take on an end stop function, influencing the force-displacement characteristic of the wheel by developing or strengthening a progressive characteristic of the vehicle suspension. The pitching effects of the vehicle can be reduced and the roll support is increased. The starting stiffness is optimized in particular through the geometric design, which has a significant influence on the suspension comfort of the vehicle. The targeted design of the geometry results in almost constant component properties over the service life. This function increases driving comfort and ensures the highest level of driving safety.

Due to the very different characteristics and properties of individual car models, the spring elements must be adapted individually to the different car models in order to achieve an ideal chassis setup. For example, the weight of the vehicle, the chassis of the specific model, the intended shock absorbers and the desired spring characteristics can be taken into account when developing the spring elements. In addition, for different car models,

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mobile, due to the available installation space, individual solutions tailored to the building construction must be invented.

For the reasons mentioned above, the known solutions for the design of individual spring elements cannot generally be transferred to new automobile models. With each new development of an automobile model, a new form of spring element must be developed that meets the specific requirements of the model.

The object of the present invention was therefore to develop a suitable additional spring with the above-mentioned functions for a special, new automobile model, which meets the specific requirements of this model in particular and ensures the best possible driving comfort and excellent driving safety. On the vehicle, a steel spring with a progressive characteristic was replaced by a steel spring with a linear characteristic. This increased the driving comfort of the vehicle. However, the design of the spring was more or less retained. With the linear steel spring described, the steel spring coils can come into contact with maximum forces, for example when driving through potholes. The spatial design of the spring elements, i.e.

Their three-dimensional shape, in addition to their material, has a decisive influence on their function. The above-mentioned functions are controlled specifically via the shape of the spring elements. This three-dimensional shape of the spring element must therefore be developed individually for each automobile model.

These requirements are met by the spring elements presented at the beginning."

In order to prevent the steel spring from hitting the ground during extreme compression, a so-called stop, also referred to in this document as a spring element, is used. This stop prevents the spring coils from touching due to its progressive force/displacement characteristic. This prevents contact noise and extends the service life of the steel spring. The stop in the form according to the invention also fulfills a second task: it isolates the steel spring from the wishbone. In the case of load, the coiling _of the spring causes relative movements between the steel spring and, in the case described, the wishbone. Without insulation material, a metallic noise occurs, the so-called cracking. In addition, the natural frequency resonances are dampened by the invention described. The body according to the invention is preferably mounted on a support on the wishbone.

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, whereby its brim, also referred to in this document as the base (ii), covers another part of the wishbone. The spring coils unwind on this brim in the case of a load. The head part (v) of the invention is preferably located in the steel spring. The last coil of the steel spring is preferably tied onto the stop. In the case of a load, a counterpart located on the body, the so-called hammer, preferably hits the head part (v) of the spring element according to the invention.

The spring elements according to the invention are shown in detail in Figures 1 to 4. In all figures, the dimensions given are given in [mm]. This three-dimensional shape in particular proved to be particularly suitable for meeting the specific requirements of the special automobile model, in particular with regard to the specific spatial requirements and the required spring characteristics.

The spring element according to the invention preferably has a height (vii) of 78 mm to 82 mm, particularly preferably 80 mm. The spring element preferably has an outer diameter (viii) of 48.7 mm to 50.3 mm, particularly preferably 49.5 mm, in the transition between the base (ii) and the head part (v). The spring element preferably has a cavity (ix) with a diameter (x) of 40.5 mm to 41.5 mm, particularly preferably 41 mm. A protuberance (xii) is preferably located in the cavity (ix) at a height (xi) of 40 mm to 41 mm, particularly preferably 40.5 mm. The diameter (xiv) of the cavity (ix) at the foot of the protuberance (xii) is preferably 38.3 mm to 39.5 mm, particularly preferably 39 mm.

Very high transmission forces occur in the chassis on which the present problem is based. Only through the special design of the spring elements according to the invention are the forces dampened and the adjacent parts not damaged. In order to create a larger contact surface and to reduce the compressive stresses in the component, an insert (xiii) can preferably be positioned in the cavity (ix), this insert (xiii) can preferably be fixed behind the protuberance (xii), preferably clipped. The insert can preferably be made of hard materials, particularly preferably metals, e.g. aluminum, steel or copper, or hard plastics, e.g. polyoxymethylene.

Polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, especially polyamide.

This insert can significantly increase the service life of the spring elements according to the invention.

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By isolating the steel spring from the wishbone and damping the natural frequencies of the steel spring, the driving comfort is considerably increased according to the invention.

The bodies (i) according to the invention are preferably based on elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, for example polyurethanes and/or polyureas, for example polyurethane elastomers, which may optionally contain urea structures. The elastomers are preferably microcellular elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, preferably with cells having a diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.15 mm. The elastomers particularly preferably have the physical properties described at the outset. Elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products and their production are generally known and described in many ways, for example in EP-A 62 835, EP-A 36 994, EP-A 250 969, DE-A 195 48 770 and DE-A 195 48 771.

The production is usually carried out by reacting isocyanates with compounds that are reactive towards isocyanates.

The elastomers based on cellular polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually produced in a mold in which the reactive starting components are reacted with one another. Generally common molds can be used as molds, for example metal molds, which, due to their shape, ensure the three-dimensional shape of the spring element according to the invention.

The polyisocyanate polyaddition products can be prepared by well-known methods, for example by using the following starting materials in a one- or two-stage process:

(.a) Isocyanate, /T

(b) compounds reactive towards isocyanates,

Cc) water and, if necessary,

(d) catalysts, ,

Ce) propellants and/or

Cf) Auxiliaries and/or additives, for example polysiloxanes

&bull; and/or fefetic acid sulfonates. ■- ---'■■■■■-- - ■·

The surface temperature of the inner mold wall is usually 40 to 95 ⁰ C, preferably 50 to 90 ⁰ C.
45

φ ·

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The production of the molded parts is advantageously carried out at an NCO/OH ratio of 0.85 to 1.20, wherein the heated starting components are mixed and introduced into a heated, preferably tightly closing mold in an amount corresponding to the desired molded part density.

The molded parts are cured after 5 to 60 minutes and can therefore be demolded.

The amount of reaction mixture introduced into the mold is usually such that the molded bodies obtained have the density already shown.

The starting components are usually introduced into the mold at a temperature of 15 to 120 ^° C, preferably 30 to ^{100 °} C. The degrees of compaction for producing the molded bodies are between 1.1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 6.

The cellular polyisocyanate polyaddition products are expediently produced by the one-shot process using low-pressure technology or, in particular, reaction injection molding (RIM) in open or preferably closed molds. The reaction is carried out in particular with compression in a closed mold. The reaction injection molding technique is described, for example, by

H. Piechota and H. Röhr in "Integralschaumstoffe", Carl Hanser-Verlag, Munich, Vienna 1975; D.J. Prepelka and J.L.Wharton in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March/April 1975, pages 87 to 98 and U. Knipp in Journal of Cellular Plastics, March/April 1973, pages 76 to 84.

When using a mixing chamber with several inlet nozzles, the starting components can be fed in individually and mixed intensively in the mixing chamber. It has proven advantageous to work according to the two-component process.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, a prepolymer containing NCO groups is first prepared in a two-stage process. For this purpose, component (b) is reacted with (a) in excess, usually at temperatures of 80 ⁰ C to 160 ⁰ C, preferably from _; .-110 ⁰ C to 150 ⁰ C. The reaction

■ ..■■ tion_time_is_aimed at:; achieving the theoretical NCO content. ■-■·'"-■·&tgr;''; ■ ■'■ .

Preferably, the preparation of the moldings according to the invention is carried out in a two-stage process by reacting (a) with (b) in the first stage to form an isocyanate group

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having prepolymer and reacting this prepolymer in the second stage in a mold with a crosslinking component optionally containing the other components described at the beginning. V .·■'.; ■■·■'■■■■'.;■-;· ' ' ·.

In order to improve the demolding of the vibration dampers, it has proven advantageous to coat the inner surfaces of the mold, at least at the beginning of a production series, with conventional external mold release agents, for example based on wax or silicone or, in particular, with aqueous soap solutions.

Depending on the size and geometry of the molded part, the mold life is on average 5 to 60 minutes.

After the molded parts have been produced in the mold, the molded parts can preferably be tempered for a period of 1 to 48 hours at temperatures typically ranging from 70 to 12O ⁰ C.

: The following can be stated regarding the starting components generally known to the person skilled in the art for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products:

Isocyanates (a) can be generally known (cycloaliphatic

■ and/or aromatic polyisocyanates are used. Aromatic diisocyanates, preferably 2,2'-, 2,4'- and/or

4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate ^; (NDI), 2,4- and/or 2, 6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 3,3'-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate, 1,2-diphenylethane diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate and/or aliphatic isocyanates such as 1,12-dodecane -, 2-ethyl-l,4-butane, 2-methyl-l,5-pentane- 1,4-butane-diisocyanate and preferably 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates e.g. cyclohexane-1,3- and 1 ,4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, preferably

l-Isocyanato-3,3,S-trimethyl-S-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane and/ ',. or polyisocyanates such as polyphenylpolymethylenepolyisocyanates. The isocyanates can be in the form of the pure compound, in

■ Mixtures and/or in modified form, for example in the form of uretdiones, isocyanurates, allophanates or biurets, preferably in the form of reaction products containing urethane and isocyanate groups, so-called isocyanate prepolymers. Preference is given to optionally modified

: 2,2'-, 2,4'- and/or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3'-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate

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nat, 2,4- and/or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and/or mixtures of these isocyanates are used.

Generally known polyhydroxyl compounds can be used as compounds (b) which are reactive towards isocyanates, preferably those having a functionality of 2 to 3 and preferably a molecular weight of 60 to 6000, particularly preferably 500 to 6000, in particular 800 to 5000. Polyether polyols, polyester polyalcohols and/or hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are preferably used as (b).

Polyester polyalcohols, also referred to below as polyester polyols, are preferably used as (b). Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and dihydric alcohols. Examples of suitable dicarboxylic acids are: aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. The dicarboxylic acids can be used individually or as mixtures. To prepare the polyester polyols, it may be advantageous to use the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives, such as carboxylic acid esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid chlorides, instead of the carboxylic acid. Examples of dihydric alcohols are glycols having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butanediol-1,4, pentanediol-1,5, hexanediol-1,6, decanediol-1,10, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethylpropanediol-1,3, propanediol-1,3 and dipropylene glycol. Depending on the desired properties, the dihydric alcohols can be used alone or, if appropriate, in mixtures with one another.

Preferably used polyester polyols are ethanediol polyadipate, 1,"4-butanediol polyadipate, ethanediol-butanediol polyadipate, 1,6-hexanediol-neopentyl glycol polyadipate, 1,6-hexanediol-1,4-butanediol polyadipate, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol-1,4-butanediol polyadipate and/or polycaprolactones.

Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing ester groups, essentially polyoxytetramethylene glycols, are polycondensates of organic, "preferably aliphatic" dicarboxylic acids, in particular adipic acid with polyoxymethylene glycols having a number-average molecular weight of 162 to 600 and optionally aliphatic diols, in particular butanediol-1,4. Also suitable are ester-

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&bull; · · &igr;

Group-containing polyoxytetramethylene glycols are polycondensates formed from polycondensation with e-caprolactone.

Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols containing carbonate groups, essentially polyoxytetramethylene glycols, are polycondensates of these with alkyl or aryl carbonates or phosgene.

Examples of component (b) are given in DE-A 195 48 771, page 6, lines 26 to 59.

In addition to the components already described which are reactive towards isocyanates, it is also possible to use low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinking agents (bl) having a molecular weight of less than 500, preferably 60 to 499, for example selected from the group of di- and/or trifunctional alcohols, di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols and alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines or mixtures of at least two of the chain extenders and/or crosslinking agents mentioned.

As (bl), for example, alkanediols having 2 to 1.2, preferably 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g. ethane-, 1,3-propane-, 1,5-pentane-, 1,6-hexane-, 1,7-heptane-, 1,8-octane-, 1,9-nonane-, 1,10-decanediol and preferably 1,4-butanediol, dialkylene glycols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and/or di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols.

However, branched-chain and/or unsaturated alkanediols with usually no more than 12 carbon atoms are also suitable, such as 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,2-dimethyl-propanediol-1,3, 2-butyl-2-ethylpropanediol-1,3, butene-2-diol-1,4 and butyne-2-diol-1,4, diesters of terephthalic acid with glycols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as terephthalic acid bis-ethylene glycol or butanediol-1,4, hydroxyalkylene ethers of hydroquinone or resorcinol, such as 1,4-di-(b-hydroxyethyl)-hydroquinone or 1,3-di(b-hydroxyethyl)-resorcinol, alkanolamines with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ethanolamine, 2-Aminopropanol and 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanol, N-alkyldialkanolamines, such as N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine.

Examples of higher-functioning cross-linking agents (bl) include tri- and higher-functioning alcohols, such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and trihydroxycyclohexanes, as well as trialkanolamines, such as triethanolamine.

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The following can be used as chain extenders: alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines with molecular weights preferably from 122 to 400, in particular primary aromatic diamines which have at least one alkyl substituent in the ortho position to the amino groups, which reduces the reactivity of the amino group by steric hindrance, which are liquid at room temperature and at least partially, but preferably completely, miscible with the higher molecular weight, preferably at least difunctional compounds (b) under the processing conditions.

To produce the moldings according to the invention, the technically readily accessible 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-phenylenediamine, mixtures of l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4- and -2,6-phenylenediamines, so-called DETDA, isomer mixtures of 3,3'-di- or 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethanes with 1 to 4 C atoms in the alkyl radical, in particular 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethanes containing methyl, ethyl and isopropyl radicals, and mixtures of the aforementioned tetraalkyl-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethanes and DETDA can be used.

To achieve special mechanical properties, it may also be expedient to use the alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines in a mixture with the aforementioned low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols ^, preferably di- and/or trihydric alcohols or dialkylene glycols.

However, aromatic diamines are preferably not used. The products according to the invention are therefore preferably prepared in the absence of aromatic diamines.

The preparation of the cellular polyisocyanate polyaddition products can preferably be carried out in the presence of water (c). The water acts both as a crosslinker to form urea groups and as a blowing agent due to the reaction with isocyanate groups to form carbon dioxide. Due to this dual function, it is listed separately from (e) and (b) in this document. By definition, components (b) and (e) therefore do not contain any water, which by definition is listed exclusively as (e);

The amounts of water that can be used are 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of component (b). The water can be completely

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used permanently or partially in the form of aqueous solutions of sulfonated fatty acids.

To accelerate the reaction, generally known catalysts (d) can be added to the reaction mixture both during the preparation of a prepolymer and optionally during the reaction of a prepolymer with a crosslinking component. The catalysts (d) can be added individually or in a mixture with one another. These are preferably organometallic compounds such as tin(II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. tin(II) dioctoate, tin(II) dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate and dibutyl&zgr;ine dilaurate and tertiary amines such as tetramethylethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, diazabicyclooctane, N,N'-dimethylpiperazine, N-methyl,N'-(4-N-dimethylamino)butylpiperazine, &Ngr;,&Ngr;,&Ngr;',N" ,&Ngr;''-pentamethyldiethylenediamine or similar.

Other suitable catalysts are: amidines, such as 2,3 -dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tris-(dialkylaminoalkyl)-s-hexahydrotriazines, in particular tris-(ν,ν-dimethylaminopropyl)-s-hexahydrotriazine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alkali hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, and alkali alcoholates, such as sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate, and alkali salts of long-chain fatty acids .25 with 10 to 20 C atoms and optionally pendant OH groups.

Depending on the reactivity to be set, the catalysts (d) are used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.5 wt.%, based on the prepolymer.

- If necessary, blowing agents(s) customary in polyurethane production can be used. Suitable examples are low-boiling liquids which evaporate under the influence of the exothermic polyaddition reaction. Suitable liquids are those which are inert towards the organic polyisocyanate and have boiling points below 100 ^° C. Examples of such liquids which are preferably used are halogenated, preferably fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride and dichloromonofluoromethane, per- or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, difluoroethane, .... tetrafluoroethane and heptafluoropropane,...hydrocarbons, such as n- and iso-butane, n- and iso-pentane and the technical ones. Mixtures of these hydrocarbons, propane, propylene, hexane, heptane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane, dialkyl ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and furan, carboxylic acid esters such as methyl and ethyl formate, ketones such as acetone, and/or

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fluorinated and/or perfluorinated tertiary alkylamines, such as perfluorodimethylisopropylamine. Mixtures of these low-boiling liquids with each other and/or with other substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbons can also be used.

The most suitable amount of low-boiling liquid for producing such cell-containing elastic moldings from elastomers containing bonded urea groups depends on the density that is to be achieved and on the amount of water that is preferably used. In general, amounts of 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 11% by weight, based on the weight of component (b), give satisfactory results. It is particularly preferred to use only water (c) as a blowing agent.

In the production of the molded parts according to the invention, auxiliary substances and additives (f) can be used. These include, for example, generally known surface-active substances, hydrolysis inhibitors, fillers, antioxidants, cell regulators, flame retardants and dyes. Compounds which serve to support the homogenization of the starting materials and are optionally also suitable for regulating the cell structure can be considered as surface-active substances. Examples of emulsifiers according to the invention include additional compounds with an emulsifying effect, such as the salts of fatty acids with amines, e.g. diethyl oleate, diethanolamine stearic acid, diethanolamine ricinoleic acid, salts of sulfonic acids, e.g. alkali or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or dinaphthylmethanedisulfonic acid. Other possible foam stabilizers include ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or ricinoleic acid esters, Turkey red oil and peanut oil, and cell regulators such as paraffins and fatty alcohols. In addition, polysiloxanes and/or fatty acid sulfonates can be used as (f). Generally known compounds can be used as polysiloxanes, for example polymethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes and/or polyoxyalkylene silicone copolymers. The polysiloxanes preferably have a viscosity at 25°C of 20 to 2000 MPas.

Generally known sulfonated fatty acids which are commercially available can be used as fatty acid sulfonates. Sulfonated castor oil is preferably used as the fatty acid sulfonate.

^r

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The surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of components (b).

Claims (9)

1. Spring element based on a cylindrical damping element (i) based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products, which has a circumferential base (ii) with a diameter (iii) of 131 mm to 135 mm and a thickness (iv) of 2 mm to 10 mm and a head part (v) with a diameter (vi) of 54 mm to 56 mm. 2. Spring element according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (vii) of the spring element is 78 mm to 82 mm. 3. Spring element according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring element in the transition between the base (ii) and the head part (v) has an outer diameter (viii) of 48.7 mm to 50.3 mm. 4. Spring element according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring element has a cavity (ix) with a diameter (x) of 40.5 mm to 41.5 mm. 5. Spring element according to claim 4, characterized in that a protuberance (xii) is located in the cavity (ix) at a height (xi) of 40 mm to 41 mm. 6. Spring element according to claim 5, characterized in that an insert (xii) is fixed in the cavity (ix) behind the protuberance (xii). 7. Spring element according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping element (i) is based on cellular polyurethane elastomers. 8. Spring element according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping element (i) is based on cellular polyurethane elastomers with a density according to DIN 53420 of 200 to 1100 kg/m ³ , a tensile strength according to DIN 53571 of ≥ 2 N/mm ² , an elongation according to DIN 53571 of ≥ 300% and a tear resistance according to DIN 53515 of ≥ 8 N/mm. 9. Automobiles containing spring elements according to one of claims 1 to 8.