DE19615807A1 - Car parking system using pallets - Google Patents

Abstract

The car parking system is especially for use in city centres. It incorporates a number of pallets, each of which may carry three to six cars. The pallets have a high bending stiffness and the cars may stand on flat steel plates or gratings. They are moved by a kinematic drive system especially using wheels rolling on guide-rails. Alternatively conveyor belts or a linkage with several levers may be used. The path taken by the pallet may consist of a series of straight horizontal and vertical sections joined together by curved sections.

Description

As a result of the ever increasing number of automobiles and the still extremely attractive of city centers, which, despite intensive decentralization efforts, is no less has grown, there is a very high level in almost all major cities Licher lack of parking spaces and parking space, so that during the Rush hours or rush hours in chaotic conditions that is coming. Parking garages and underground garages can only be a fraction of the automobiles to be parked. The streets are ver stuffs with parked vehicles or wagons, the drivers of which are Find a parking space. Parked vehicles hinder the flowing Traffic and make it almost impossible in many places.

The extraordinarily high cost of building additional Chen multi-storey car parks, which are usually also very distracting act, or the cost of producing more Underground car parks, can only be used by the highly indebted municipalities in Sel cases are applied, apart from the fact that in the Most cities do not have suitable land or open spaces there are more. Private property developers are usually of little interest because usually about the usual parking fees no economy can be achieved. Rising parking fees in the city centers can possibly become a trend here turn, which will not be enough, noticeably reduce the need for parking spaces in city centers.

The efforts of many cities and towns to make city centers keep car-free at least on certain days, allow additional Parking needs arise on the periphery of the inner cities. Since it is usually not economical in these areas,  To build car parks or underground garages would have to be considerable Parking spaces are provided, which are usually not available or are available. It would also make it valuable Areas of development or plant removed from green areas. Here too, there has been no satisfactory economy realizable solution has been found.

There are also considerable parking problems in the parking lots of larger companies, administrations, shopping centers, institutes, Be audiences and especially in the area of universities and universities departments. There are often chaotic conditions here, although it is diverse incentives for carpooling and the use of public public transport. Solutions like the one below described, which allow free parking on a relatively simple manner and at reasonable cost in several levels Using one on top of the other would create this problem for everyone areas not only a very significant improvement and Ent create tension, but with industrial companies and administrators services also open up the possibility of being worthwhile Clear full areas for productive use.

In the new federal states, the number of automobiles in one increased in such a way that neither the provision of Parking lots let alone the construction of parking garages and underground parking protruding to keep up with this development could. Here could be through the facilities, their conception Remedial measures are described below are, especially since such devices manufacture much faster and would have installed as parking garages or underground garages could be built.

The same applies to parking lots in open spaces. Here you could also change the number of automobiles to be parked double or triple if there are appropriate conceptions would exist with which one can park automobiles in a second and third level could increase, the distance between the individual parking levels to a minimum, d. H. at automobile level plus base thickness plus safety distance can be reduced  ought to. Free parking on which automobiles in several parking areas needed to be "stacked" - for example with three Parking levels - not to be significantly higher than six meters. The Parking areas could be - similar to architecturally particularly lunged embodiments of noise barriers on highways - clad on their outer surfaces, planted with hanging plants or be otherwise designed so that they look good are speaking and fit well into the corresponding cityscapes.

Because of the problem that has existed for several decades has had a number of plans in the past given by mechanically moved and driven stage remedies, pallets or cells to remedy the situation vehicles to be delivered are retracted or inserted into the cells ben to the available volume of the Parking garages and underground garages as well as the space above the levels of the better use of open parking spaces. For example proposed on chains arranged vertically or horizontally drove cells to hang up, in each of which a car can be placed, and when parking or removing a parked vehicle by moving the chain drive to the loading or unloading point Apart from the fact that these paternoster-like mechanical Parking systems, in which the overall system with all vehicles must be moved, a very high mechanical Require effort for the mechanical part, additional require high costs for the on-site part and one have bad volume utilization, are the waiting times very large for loading and unloading, if the empty one Cell or the parked vehicle far from the loading and Removal point are located. Therefore, in the last one Years of thinking with such paternoster-like systems to eliminate the need for parking space.

Other systems proposed or implemented in the past systems use the principle of vertical lifts, with several Floors, pallets or cells can be arranged one above the other. The each cell or pallet to be loaded or emptied  is driven in front of the loading and unloading level. This Elevator systems also make machine machines relatively high Effort required and have only a relatively small Parking capacity per elevator unit. In addition, a must on site additional, in most cases no less space available in which the lifts above and below can be pulled in half of the loading level. The Cost-benefit ratio is therefore also with these systems not satisfactory.

There have also been suggestions, of the type known fully automated high bay warehouse the vehicles through one or several loading manipulators working in parallel to the final parking lot hit the vehicle to be parked by several - mostly hori zontally and vertically one behind the other - automatic Conveyor systems to the final parking lot. Are the cars to be parked by "loading manipulators" or other fully automatic transport systems from Transport pick-up point in the parking garage to the final parking space tiert, then arise especially during the rush hours at the Ab Delivery and return of the vehicles at the transfer points at traffic jams and unwanted waiting times.

Some of these suggestions have also been realized, taking it however, despite the extraordinarily large and often open publicly discussed needs for no wider distribution, let alone general enforcement. The reasons for this are extraordinary high costs for the additional parking units to be created on the other hand that the previous proposals for an op maximum use of the converted space of the parking garages and underground parking closer, but not nearly close enough have come.

The desired optimal use of the enclosed space exists in that the distance between two automobiles to be parked in the vertical axis is not greater than the height of the  highest permitted vehicle for parking plus the Thickness of the supporting floor including the stabilizing girders plus a relatively small safety distance, which is appropriate for the Ge guaranteeing the movement path for the stage, pallet or cell as well as the maximum elastic deflection of the movement element elements must be provided during the movement process. This safety margin should change in the course of an optimization Reduce to a size of about 50 to 70 cm.

When trying to move mechanically moving additional levels in parking garage plans to introduce underground car parks and parking lots all hampered that many of the previously made suggest driving onto the driver of the vehicle to be parked narrow ramps or other inconveniences. One of the basic requirements for the introduction of mechanically moving additional platforms for better volume utilization in parking garages, Underground parking lots and parking lots therefore consists in the fact that the Drivers park their vehicle in the same way as up to can leave here and climb again and that during the Parking time at any time is given in easier Way to get back to his vehicle.

In this situation, the task of the Erfin exists the use of the volume of the enclosed space in Park houses and underground garages as well as the space above Freipark places up to the volumetrically possible optimum improve, both the investment and the operational lower costs to a level that is favorable for the realization and especially the drivers a user-friendly parking of the Guarantee vehicles and no additional charges expected. According to the invention, these objectives are achieved by a modular structure, through a special kinematics, a simple drive technology, through a simple and inexpensive permanent construction of the stages, pallets or cells and by special Switchgear and sensors, electronic monitoring facilities and process computers reached.  

The specified task is inventively in detail NEN solved in that the one above the other with ge as possible wrestle mutual vertical distances arranged vehicles the second parking level on stages, pallets or in a cellar len are parked out of their parking situation kinematic guide gears, such as slideways, Wheels, roll bars, hinged bars or similar means on by the parking situation and the usage optimization level trajectories with horizontal and vertical movements cuts that are moved for horizontal and vertical Movement sections straight lines or largely approximate them herte form trajectories, and that additional drive elements are available to generate the kinetic forces.

To determine the available usable volume of a parking garage, an underground car park or the space above a free parking space to be used as well as possible, d. H. with as many stands as possible To be able to fill th vehicles, it is necessary according to the invention maneuverable that the vertical grid dimension for the parking space division the height of the tallest vehicle approved for parking plus slab floor height and stiffening brackets plus a small one Safety distance for the movement play corresponds.

The goal of useful volume optimization aimed at according to the invention of car parks and underground garages as well as improvements in use To reach parking spaces corresponds to the total Path length for moving a stage, pallet or cell from the Parking situation in the loading or unloading situation or vice versa in horizontal movement section of the cell width, plus a corresponding security surcharge, and in the vertical Movement section of the lowering height, which in turn is equal to the number of the vehicles to be parked one on top of the other, multiplied by the maximum approved vehicle height plus the heights for the Supporting structure elements of the cells and for the minimal, necessary vertical safety distance. This path minimization achieved according to the invention is guaranteed not only the aforementioned optimal volume utilization but in addition, minimal movement times of the stages, pallet  ten or cells, so that a quick parking and removal of the Vehicles is possible.

The kinematic guide on which the invention is based shoots allow the gaps between the individual Stages, pallets or cells are kept as low as possible can because they are for the horizontal displacement of the cells a straight or almost straight trajectory and for that Lowering movement is also a straight line or almost straight line Create a path or an arc at which the beginning of the arc point and the end point when placing on the base level lot lie right or almost perpendicular to each other.

The movable stages, pallets or cells including form their kinematic guide gears and drives modules according to the invention, from which parking, underground and Parking space forms of different dimensions put together can be.

In a preferred embodiment of the basic inventions conceptually, the kinematic guide gears consist of Bars, straps or for the purpose of saving weight from git ter girders that are connected to one another via joints and / or sliding guides are connected.

In a further embodiment of the basic inventive concept kens can also add additional, temporarily lockable or Lockable joints or sliding guides in the kinematic Guide gears are arranged for certain subbe range of the entire movement sequence there is additional movement options, preferably when moving from horizontal to the vertical movement or vice versa, release and on this The movement takes place in the desired trajectory to let.

In another, also very advantageous embodiment riante of the invention, the kinematic guide gene drives from several stages connected in series or  Subareas that take the lead simultaneously or sequentially take on the desired trajectory.

In an also very advantageous embodiment of the inven Individual selected handlebar rods are made by hydraulic cylinders linder replaced by lengthening or shortening the front given kinematic guide gears in some areas Convert gearbox with modified trajectory.

In a particularly simple embodiment of the principle Lichen inventive idea is the horizontal displacement of the Pallets or cells over a spring-loaded and preferred wagons guided on rails, while the Lowering movement is effected by a parallel guide gear that from crossed bars, joints and guide pieces as well from a motion cylinder or from a guideway and a rope or chain drive. This will be necessary forces generated by a hydraulic cylinder that is articulated is arranged between one of the rods and the trolley.

Another embodiment of the invention is also based on separate guide gears for horizontal and vertical movement. In this example, the horizontal movement from a simple or telescopic slide rail taken over during vertical movement via four-bar gearbox with extended jibs, which the Hydraulic cylinders generating kinetic force are supported will.

In a further embodiment of the basic inventive concept kens can use the trajectory for horizontal displacement and the subsequent lowering by a four-bar linkage gearbox with extended boom are shown, the over has a foldable end, which after completion of the Hori zontalweg by the action of a hydraulic cylinder Swivel joint pivoted into the loading and unloading position becomes. The articulation point of the stage, pallet or cell in the swung-out state perpendicularly under its position  before the start of the lowering movement. During the horizontal movement is the joint between the Vierge's extended boom steering gear and the foldable end locked. The festver stored pivot points of the four-bar transmission are with this Embodiment arranged on a baseline, the one Forms an angle to the ground plane.

A particularly interesting embodiment for the inventor kinematic guide gear according to the invention results from that the four-bar transmission is designed to be fully resilient. In this way you can operate with only one Hydraulic cylinder or a comparable drive element. At this arrangement of the four-bar transmission is the fixed points on a line that is at an angle to the ground plane stands. The shorter handlebar is at the top, the longer one at the bottom Fixed point hung. By the interaction of the handlebars with the extendable boom goes horizontally on one by the gear shape predetermined point in a vertical movement delivery over. Leads throughout the entire movement zere upper handlebar a pivoting movement, the longer lower one Swinging motion.

Another advantageous embodiment of the basic The concept of the invention exists for the kinematic guide gene drive in that one of the handlebars of the four-bar transmission as Hydraulic cylinder is formed and an additional cylinder with a large stroke for the generation of the horizontal movement hen is. The handlebar stroke is during horizontal movement cylinder locked, so that the transmission like a conventional Four-link mechanism works. After completing the horizontal path the actuating cylinder for horizontal movement is torn applies, which then together with the length-variable handlebar forms a new four-bar transmission. In this state the Handlebar cylinders are extended and with the new gear shape perform the lowering movement. Locking each other Both hydraulic cylinders are carried out by a computer-aided Control that the entire via time, pressure and displacement sensors  Sequence of movements of the four-bar transmission recorded, monitored and influenced.

In various embodiments of the invention, between the kinematic guide gears and the pallets, stage NEN or cells are arranged stabilizing cylinders make sure that during the entire movement the pallets, stages or cells are always horizontal Location. The extension or shortening of the Stabilization cylinder via sensors, which the horizontal position the pallets, stages or cells or possible deviations grasp, and triggered via computer-aided controls.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the ki nematic guide gear from a two-stage parallel guide gearing with two series-connected four-bar gears drives that pass through the same kind of curves when moving fen. The two four-bar gearboxes have folding levers articulated at one end to the four-bar gearbox and with its other end articulated on the stages, pallets or Cells are attached. The folding lever for one Part of the sequence of movements are brought into a position in which the pivot points on the stages, pallets or cells with Points of the four-bar linkage identical and detachably connected are.

In a further likewise very advantageous embodiment the invention are used to guide the pallets, stages or Zel len during horizontal and vertical movement Running sliding guides used, with chain drives as drives Find use. These chain drives can be endless umlau fende chains should be formed. Furthermore, the vertical Ab lowering movement by moving the drive station horizontally and / or the deflection station. The axes of the sprockets the drive station and the deflection station can be advantageous ter way arranged at such an angle to the horizontal plane be that the lower run and upper run against each other ver sets and move the pallets independently of each other,  Stages or cells can be used. The chains can drove in such a way that to move four Pallets, platforms or cells only one chain drive is needed. The connection between the stages, pallets or cells and the Chains are advantageously form-fitting and over Clutches.

A higher-level process computer records, monitors and influences not only does the movement of every stage flow, Pallet or cells also agrees the work behavior and all work together in the parking garage, in the underground garage or on Units installed or installed in the free parking lot as well as the incoming and outgoing vehicles, so that opposite movement, disturbances or damage avoid and dangers for entering and exiting as well as parking Vehicles are excluded. This will then be additional still particularly preferably optically acting sensors or Image evaluation devices (CCD cameras) are used.

For the movement control of stages arranged one above the other, Pa Latves or cells can also be different according to the invention kinematic guide gears and drive elements are used will.

To get from the parked vehicles to the stages, pallets or cell forces and the resulting forces in the construct moments occurring with the lowest possible mate rial insert and with the smallest possible pallet thickness to be able to, the individual pallets or cells are Frame or box structures formed, their respective Edges are formed from beams and their side surfaces with Except for the area for the entry of the vehicles by Diago struts are reinforced.

There are still numerous for the basic idea of the invention che further advantageous embodiments. Some of the previous ones mentioned invention variants are described below with the aid of fig explained in more detail. Show in detail  

Fig. 1 shows a cross-section and a plan view of he inventive parking system with three vehicles per pallet,

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section and a plan view of he inventive parking system with six vehicles per pallet,

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment with suspension for the Ho rizontal- and parallel guide mechanism for the vertical displacement,

Figure 4 shows an embodiment with guide rail for the horizontal and four bar linkage tikalverschiebung. For the Ver.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the movement guide a four-bar mechanism is used to lock the joint,

FIGS. 6a-c show various positions of a four-joint guide gear which is fully capable punch,

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the rear link of the four-bar linkage has been replaced by a hydraulic cylinder,

FIG. 8a-c show various positions of a Erfindungsva riante, a stabilization cylinder is mounted in the extended arm of the four-bar linkage,

Fig. 9a-c a variant of the invention, which consists of a two-stage parallel guide gear, which is composed of two series-connected, similar four-bar transmissions, and

Fig. 10a-d different positions of an embodiment example, in which a chain drive is used as a drive.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the modular structure and the way of working of the mechanical parking system according to the invention using two examples for three or six vehicles per pallet, the parked vehicles are parked on specially designed rigid pallets, which by kinematic guide gears and special Drive systems are moved from the parking position to the loading or unloading position and back again. The systematic representations reflect the use in free parking spaces as well as the use in parking garages or underground car parks. It is assumed in the following description of the new parking system that the vehicles to be parked - as usual in most cases - are parked in double rows ( 3 ), between which there are access routes ( 4 ). However, completely new parking regulations can also be implemented with the new parking system.

The vehicles on the lowest parking level will be parked on the floor of the free parking lot or on a fixed floor of a parking garage or underground car park. The new type of parking system now creates the additional possibility of building two additional parking levels ( 17 ) above this basic parking level, both in free parking spaces as well as in multi-storey or underground car parks, and thus a very significant improvement in the use of free parking spaces and a usable volume optimization of parking garages and To reach underground garages. If one assumes that the normal modules must be limited to the dimensions of a largest permissible normal vehicle, then three vehicles can be placed one above the other at a height of about 6 m. When parking with the largest permitted vehicles, the distance between the roof of the lower and the wheels of the upper vehicle can be reduced to about 0.6 m to 0.7 m, so that one can speak of a realistic usable volume optimization. Larger vehicles must be parked in special areas in which the pallets are at a greater distance from the basic parking level or among themselves. When entering the parking garage or the free parking lot, the vehicle height including possible roof structures is sensed by sensors and the parking customer is shown the way to a normal or a special parking lot.

Preliminary investigations have shown that for cost reasons it will probably make sense to design the pallets for the additional parking levels to be set up in accordance with the exemplary embodiments illustrated so that when the vehicles to be parked are arranged transversely to the access road ( FIG. 1), three cars each on one Pallet and when arranging the vehicles to be parked along the driveway (according to FIG. 2) six cars can be parked on a pallet. If the pallets are chosen smaller and the number of cars per pallet is reduced, the cost share for the kinematic guide gears becomes too large. If the pallets are chosen larger, then the effort that must be exerted for a rigid construction and design is so high that one also moves away from the most inexpensive embodiment.

The systematic representations to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show in side view (above) and plan view (below) in each case only a narrow section of two conventional double parking rows (3) with the intervening access (4). To the right and left of the two double parking rows are the neighboring access roads ( 5 ) and ( 6 ). In the Grundrißdarstellungen of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, only one pallet width is shown respectively.

Above the two parking rows ( 3 ) in the basic parking level, there are four parking pallets ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ) in the first additional parking level and between each of the accesses ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) or ( 4 ) and ( 6 ) four further parking pallets ( 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ) are arranged in the second additional parking level. By kinematic guide mechanism which have been reasons omitted for better clarity in the system representations of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the pallets (7, 8) and (11, 12) are first horizontally to a position over the entrance (4), moved and then lowered onto the driveway ( 4 ). In the same way, the pallets ( 9 , 10 ) and ( 13 , 14 ) are lowered onto the driveway ( 5 ) and the pallets ( 10 and 14 ) onto the carriageway ( 6 ).

Electronically controlled safety and locking devices ensure that there can be no collision between the pallets ( 7 , 8 ) and ( 11 , 12 ) and that the pallets cannot be moved when vehicles are parked or removed from them. Park customers can reach their vehicles at any time via the footpaths ( 15 ).

In the system shown in FIG. 1 with vehicles parked transversely to the access, the width of the access path must be increased by one vehicle length, in the system shown in FIG. 2 with vehicles parked lengthways to the access, this can be done in conventional parking garages or in free parking lots usual access width can be maintained.

The entire parking garage, the respective position of all parking pallets, the condition of all parking spaces (whether free or occupied), the Be movement of the incoming and outgoing vehicles as well as the Pedestrians who leave or go to their vehicles monitored by sensor systems in a central process computer entered, saved there and for control or design of the further business process processed. Drive in Parking customer in a free parking lot, in a parking garage or in a Underground car park equipped with the new parking system the parking card is pulled through the central one Process computer allocated a free parking space, the optically indicated shows and is noted on the parking card as a magnetic code. By further optical display devices, e.g. B. Guiding arrows, he will headed to his parking lot.

The decision as to which parking space is assigned to an incoming parking customer is made in the process computer on the basis of the operating situation in the parking garage. In addition to the information "parking space free", it also plays a role whether parking movements (loading or unloading) are taking place above, below or next to the pallet to be parked, or whether vehicles or pedestrians are on the way to pallets with free parking spaces and thus have priority over what leads to the fact that the pallets in question can only be released for additional parking when the pedestrians have left the immediate area of these pallets or the priority parking processes are closed. If there is a risk of collisions between neighboring pallets that would be moved into the same parking position, then only one pallet can be moved into the space above the driveway and lowered. For example, the movements of the pallets ( 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 ) are locked against one another and blocked with respect to parking and removal, as long as vehicles are parked or removed below on the basic parking level.

When choosing a parking space for an entering park Customers are also checked for movements on the entry routes of pallets through previously and therefore primarily retracted driving witnesses or pedestrians who have billed their parking tickets and want to remove your vehicle. The one Park customers allocated by the process computer can be can already be lowered during the entry time, as the division was also checked by the process computer that there is no pedestrian on the way to this palette do not remove his vehicle, but only for a short time wants to visit to put or remove items. However, if a pedestrian wants to remove his vehicle, then he can in the traditional way an exchange for a straight on drive vehicle on the lowered pallet.

The park customer drives in transverse arrangement according to Fig. 1 from the longitudinal side in the longitudinal arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 from the transverse side on the lowered pallet puts down his vehicle and then exits the parking area via one of the pathways (15). If he has moved sufficiently far from his pallet, the corresponding information from the sensors triggers the movement of the pallet into the final parking situation. The parking area is then released for other parking and removal movements. If several parking spaces are free on a pallet, these vehicles are allocated to each other, so that only one lowering or parking process needs to be carried out.

A parking customer wants to visit his vehicle without removing it men, this is reported to the central computer in that he  inserts his parking card into the parking machine without paying len. Here too, the path to his is made by light signals Vehicle shown. While on the way to his driving and on the vehicle, the pallet cannot be used for the Parking other vehicles or the removal of cars moves who the. Only when the pedestrian is in the immediate parking area has left the palette again, it stands for new ones Parking and picking operations available. Such a con trollsystem also puts the appropriate Sensor devices and intermediate information ensure that park customers only visit their own vehicles. Goes to a parking customer to a foreign vehicle or someone enters the parking garage without Parking ticket, this is the supervisory staff on the ent speaking sensors immediately reported.

To the available usable volume of a parking garage or an underground car park or the space above a free car park to be used as well as possible, d. H. with as many stands as possible To be able to fill th vehicles, it is necessary to between the final parking positions as low as possible and to keep the access routes as small as possible. The is achieved with the new mechanical parking system in that taking into account the necessary low vertical and horizontal safety distances a vehicle close to and is just above or below the other.

To act on the pallets from the parked vehicles the forces and the resulting forces in the construction parts Record moments with as little material as possible and keep the costs as low as possible can, the side walls of the pallets with the exception of Entry side as support frame construction with diagonal reinforcement trained. Here is because of the intended Nutzvo lumen optimization made sure that the pallet floor possible builds as low as possible.

The pallet trays are made from sheet metal or gratings made in the form that to increase the bending and ver  transverse and longitudinal beads are introduced. The connection of the individual tracks with each other and the Ver binding with the outer frame, the side walls and the diagonal Stiffening is done by spot welding. In this way the cost of materials and the manufacturing costs for the pa Latvians are kept extremely low.

The transmission to Fig. 3 to Fig. 9 kinematic guide described make it possible to hold the gaps between the individual pallets as low as possible because the orbits for the movement sequence are straight lines or straight lines come extremely close. When dimensioning the gaps between two units arranged one above the other, only the small tolerance of the trajectory curves and a certain, if very small, allowance for the elastic deflection of the support and guide elements during the motion sequence must be taken into account.

For the design of the kinematic guide mechanism, there are many ways of describing some of the most interes sante variants in FIG. 3 to FIG. 9 who the. The elements of the kinematic guide gears should preferably consist of slide guides, rods, supports or, for the purpose of saving weight, of lattice supports which are connected to one another via joints and / or slide guides. As an extension of the basic concepts, additional, temporarily locked or blocked joints or sliding guides can be arranged in the kinematic guide gears, which release additional movement options for certain sub-areas of the entire movement sequence and in this way allow the movement to take place with tight tolerances in the specified path curves . It is also possible to replace handlebar rods with hydraulic cylinders, which can be extended or shortened after passing through part of the trajectory, thereby changing the kinematic guide gears in such a way that new directions of movement are adopted or the old ones beyond the normal possibilities of the gears will hold.

A possible embodiment of a very simple kinematics for moving the pallets or cells ( 1 ) is shown in Fig. 3. On trolleys ( 32 ), which are connected via springs ( 33 ) to rail-guided wheels ( 23 ), there are parallel guide gears on both sides of the cells ( 1 ), which consist of crossed guide rods ( 25 , 26 ) based on the lifting platform principle one side in joints ( 28 ) on the other side in sliding shoes ( 29 , 30 ) are mounted. The lowering or lifting movement takes place via a hydraulic cylinder ( 31 ). In this exemplary embodiment, the upper stabilizing supports ( 34 ) of the cells are designed as sliding guides, in which the sliding shoes ( 29 , 30 ) can move during lowering.

In Fig. 4 a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated, in which the horizontal movement ( 18 ) along a slide rail or a telescopic slide rail he follows, while the lowering movement is carried out by four-bar gearbox with extended arms. On the upper side support ( 35 ) of the cells ( 1 ) there are sliding pieces ( 29 , 30 ) which run in guide rails ( 34 ). These guide rails can be designed telescopically ent either in the manner shown or in a not illustrated embodiment. The arms ( 42 ) of four-bar linkages ( 44 ) are attached to the guide rails ( 34 ) via bolts ( 37 ) and are moved via a cylinder ( 38 ) or two cylinders ( 38 , 39 ). First, the pallet or cell ( 1 ) is moved along the guide rail ( 35 ) to the position ( 41 ) by feed means, not shown, and then lowered with the four-bar linkages ( 44 ) on an almost straight path ( 19 , 20 ).

The special feature of the concept variant according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 is that the kinematic guide drives for the horizontal movement has a locking joint ( 52 ) which, after displacement of the stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ), by a little more than its width dimension ( 2 ) is unlocked. Then, by actuating the hydraulic cylinder ( 49 ), the outermost end ( 48 ) of the extended boom ( 42 ) is folded down and the stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ) articulated in point ( 51 ) on the movement path ( 20 ) to the floor level ( 21 ) lowered. The extreme end ( 48 ) of the boom ( 42 ) and the arrangement and stroke of the hydraulic likzylinders ( 49 ) are dimensioned such that the point ( 51 ), which represents the lowered state, is perpendicular to the point ( 46 ) that marks the raised state.

The kinematic guide gear, which generates the horizontal movement ( 18 ), consists of a four-bar linkage with the links ( 53 , 54 ) and the extended, preferably designed as a lattice girder boom ( 42 ), which in this exemplary embodiment, in contrast to that on Fig execution illustrated. 4 are anchored form articulated on an obliquely arranged fixed base (55). The feed force required for the horizontal movement ( 18 ) is generated by the hydraulic cylinder ( 56 ), which acts in the lower region of the extended boom ( 42 ) in order to multiply the movement path of the point ( 46 ) compared to the stroke of the cylinder ( 56 ). On every stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ), two completely identical kinematic guide gears with the corresponding hydraulic cylinders ( 49 , 56 ) engage on each side surface. For safety reasons, the piston side of the hydraulic cylinder ( 49 ) is pressurized simultaneously with the start of the horizontal movement ( 18 ). The piston side of the hydraulic cylinder ( 56 ) remains under pressure as long as the locking joint ( 52 ) is unlocked.

In Fig. 6a-c show three operating positions are a represented particularly in general, interesting concept variant of the invention, the flat if a four bar linkage used as the kinematic guide mechanism, which however, in contrast to those shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 variants of the invention is fully puncture-capable. The anchored fixed points of the four-bar transmission are the lower bearing ( 45 ) and the upper bearing ( 45 ). To the extended arms (42), which are similar for reasons of stability as the ent speaking components in FIG. 4 and FIG 5 is preferably formed terträger as Git., The platforms, pallets or cells (1) are suspended in the hinge points (46). Concept variants shown in Figure 5 similar to those shown in Fig 4 and - - a completely safe guided horizontal movement (18) and lowering (20) to ensure, at both sides of the cells.. Each mounted two kinematic guide mechanism. However, the absolutely safely guided horizontal and lowering movements can also be achieved in all design variants by additional stabilizing cylinders according to FIGS . 8a-c.

In Fig. 6a-c only a ki nematic guide gear is shown for reasons of clarity. At the beginning of the horizontal valley movement, the four-bar mechanism is in the arrangement shown in FIG. 6a. The horizontal movement is started by actuating a hydraulic cylinder, the articulation point ( 57 ) from the position ( 57 a) to the position ( 57 b) and the articulation point ( 58 ) from the position ( 58 a) to the position ( 58 b ) is pivoted so that point ( 46 ) executes a straight horizontal movement. In this phase of movement of the four-link mechanism, the point ( 57 c) can also briefly move below the position of the point ( 58 c) because the lower link carries out a swinging movement. Beyond the situation of the four-bar linkage shown in FIG. 6b, the further drive of the movement leads to the transition from the horizontal movement ( 18 ) to the lowering movement ( 20 ). In the case of the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) arranged on the first floor above the floor level, this change in the direction of movement can take place even before the entire horizontal path ( 18 ) has ended, because the vehicles parked on the floor level do not protrude into the area which the drives through the lower rear corner ( 59 ) of the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ). Fig. 6c shows the lowered position for parking and removal.

The articulation point ( 57 ) moves in the course of the lowering movement into the position ( 57 c), the articulation point ( 58 ) in the position ( 58 c), which results in a tilting movement of the extended boom ( 42 ). The upper link ( 60 ) performs an oscillating movement.

The particular advantage of this technically extremely simple, only a few components kinematic Füh approximately transmission is that only one hydraulic cylinder is required for the entire transmission unit, which first performs the horizontal displacement ( 18 ) and then the lowering movement ( 20 ) with a stroke. This has considerable simplifications in the electrohydraulic controls and in the sensor system not shown, so that there are considerable cost savings over the concept variants shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 as well as above all compared to those cited as state of the art Embodiments will set.

A very interesting concept variant of the invention is shown in FIG. 7. Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the kinematic guide gear in turn consists of an extended, preferably designed as a lattice girder boom ( 42 ) and an inclined fixed base ( 55 ), but the rear link ( 53 ) by a hydraulic cylinder ( 62 ) has been replaced. In the horizontal movement ( 18 ), the possibility of movement of the hydraulic cylinder ( 62 ) is blocked, so that it acts in the four-bar transmission in exactly the same way as the corresponding link ( 53 ) in FIG. 5. After driving through the horizontal path ( 18 ), the hydraulic cylinder ( 63 ), the force of which has caused the movement, so that a new, completely different four-bar transmission consists of the handlebar ( 64 ), the blocked hydraulic cylinder ( 63 ), the extended boom ( 42 ) and the fixed, dashed base line ( 65 ) results. If the cylinder ( 62 ) is now extended, the new four-bar linkage and thus the extended boom ( 42 ) swings in such a way that the platforms, pallets or cells ( 1 ) on the movement path ( 20 ) are lowered to the floor level ( 21 ) . A special exclusion control ensures that only one of the two cylinders ( 62 ) and ( 63 ) can be actuated and the stroke movement of the other is blocked. This exclusion control also ensures that the cylinder ( 63 ) is assigned to the horizontal movement ( 18 ) and the cylinder ( 62 ) to the lowering movement ( 20 ).

In the Fig. 8a-c show three phases of movement of a transmission with stabilizing cylinders are shown schematically. Substantial parts of the kinematic guide gear are located below half of the basic parking level ( 69 ), so that this variant of the invention is preferably suitable for multi-storey car parks or underground garages. In contrast to the transmissions of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the arm arranged in this embodiment such that they diverge in the direction of the extended boom. The current pole is behind the fixed bearings. FIG. 8c shows the position for parking the pallet or removing the vehicles, FIG. 8b the raised position and FIG. 8a the pallet which has been displaced in parallel into the final parking position. In area ( 1 ) vehicles are parked in the conventional form on the basic parking level. The links ( 70 , 71 ) are mounted on one side in the fixed bearings ( 45 ), on the other side articulatedly connected to each other by the coupling ( 42 ). The extended boom of the paddock is on the hinge point ( 46 ) on the pallet ( 1 ) hit. This pivot point should be chosen so that the center of gravity of the pallet is vertically below the pivot point ( 46 ) to ensure a horizontal position. Different loads of the pallet by the parked vehicles and different centers of gravity within the vehicles will certainly lead to the fact that the center of gravity of the loaded pallet is no longer below the articulation point ( 46 ) in different loading conditions. In order to compensate for these deviations in the center of gravity and also to prevent the pallet from oscillating during the movement sequences, the cylinder ( 68 ) is arranged in an articulated manner between the points ( 66 ) and ( 67 ). Stabilizing cylinders of this type can in principle be arranged in all parallel guide gears which consist of handlebar rods and joints, as a result of which a kinematic guide gear can be saved on each pallet side.

To drive the kinematic guide gear serves the Zy cylinder ( 72 ), the piston rod at the pivot point ( 73 ) on the handlebar ( 70 ) and the other end is articulated to the fixed bearing ( 45 ).

In Fig. 9a-c of the sequence of movements when using a two-stage guide kinematic transmission is shown. FIG. 9a shows the state lowered into the access path for parking, FIG. 9b the raised state and FIG. 9c the parked final state. The special structure and dimensioning of the individual parts of this gearbox enable both the large horizontal movement required and the subsequent lowering process. In Fig. 9a, the pallet lies on the access path in the basic parking level ( 21 ). Loading and unloading can take place here. The raised position of FIG. 9b is a rule position Zvi, is moved from which the range of the long horizontal movement into the end position shown in FIG. 9c. Vehicles can be parked below the pallet on the basic parking level ( 21 ) in a conventional manner.

The two-stage parallel guide transmission consists of two identical four-link transmissions ( 74 , 75 ) of identical construction, which pass through the same trajectory when moving. The individual gears are displaced parallel to one another and in this way also guide the articulation points ( 46 ) on the pallet ( 1 ) in parallel. Each individual gearbox consists of a four-bar linkage, the coupling points ( 78 ) of which are translationally parallel to the basic parking level ( 21 ), and a folding lever ( 76 ) which rotates around the linkage point ( 77 ) of the four-bar linkage.

The folding levers ( 76 ) guide the pallet ( 1 ) during the lifting process from the position shown in FIG. 9a into the position shown in FIG. 9b. In this position, the coupling points ( 78 ) are congruent on the articulation points ( 46 ) of the transmission on the pallet. In this position, the automatic locking mechanisms ( 79 , 80 ) rigidly connect the coupling links of the four-bar linkages ( 81 , 82 ) to the folding levers ( 76 ). The force required between the first and the second phase to lift the pallet is applied by the lifting cylinder ( 47 ), while the folding lever ( 76 ) can still be supported at the articulation point ( 77 ) on the basic parking level ( 21 ).

In the course of the subsequent horizontal shift from the position according to FIG. 9b to the position according to FIG. 9c, the gearbox performs a translational movement, since the new four-bar gearbox specifies an exact degree of the coupling points ( 46 , 77 , 78 ). The lifting cylinder ( 47 ) is released, while a travel cylinder ( 83 ) moves the pallet into the parking position with little force.

The first four-bar transmission consists of the links ( 84 and 85 ), which are firmly connected to the basic parking level ( 21 ) via the fixed bearing joints ( 45 ). The links ( 84 and 85 ) are connected by the coupling member ( 81 ), which has two further articulation points ( 77 ). The second identical four-bar transmission consists of the two fixed bearings ( 45 ), the links ( 86 , 87 ) and the coupling element ( 82 ) with the articulation points ( 46 ). The two gears are connected with a connecting link ( 88 ) to form a parallel guide gear.

For unloading, the movement processes between the positions according to FIG. 9a and FIG. 9c take place in reverse order. Then the travel cylinder ( 83 ) first extends, the locks ( 79 , 80 ) are automatically unlocked when the pallet position of Fig. 9b is reached and the lifting cylinder ( 47 ) ensures a controlled lowering.

A particularly interesting and cost-effective kinematics for the movement of the pallets results according to Fig. 10a-d, if one uses straight slide guides for guiding the horizontal and vertical movement processes and as a drive a chain conveyor with length-shiftable drive or reversing stations. The three phases of the sequence of movements are shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c, while FIG. 10d shows the arrangement of the chain strands with diagonally positioned drive sprockets. On the basic parking level ( 5 , 6 ), the vehicles are parked in a conventional manner - as with all other solutions. The pallets ( 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 ) are arranged on both sides of the access route ( 4 ) above the vehicles parked on the basic parking level. The two chain strands ( 97 and 98 ) of the chain conveyor are laid so that the pallets ( 11 , 12 ) of the upper parking level and the lower chain center ( 98 ) the pallets ( 7 , 8 ) of the middle parking level to the upper chain center ( 97 ) can be coupled by means of not shown Schaltkupp lungs. The two movable drive stations or drive station and reversing station ( 93 , 94 ) are located on the sides of the pallets facing away from the access.

If, for example, the pallet ( 7 ) is to be moved into the loading or unloading position ( 99 ), the couplings ( 89 ) are first positively connected to the lower chain center ( 98 ) and the chain conveyor is moved in such a way that the pallet ( 7 ) is pulled along the horizontal degree guide into the raised situation ( 100 ) ( FIG. 10b). In order to lower the pallet ( 7 ) from the raised position ( 100 ) into the loading and unloading position ( 99 ), the two drive stations ( 93 ) are moved lengthwise into the position shown in FIG. 10c. The representations on FIGS. 10a to 10c only show the movement sequences and the associated most important technical devices in a very schematic form. A variety of security and locking devices are also required to ensure that the motion sequences run smoothly and without disruptions.

The longitudinal displacement ( 92 ) of each individual drive or reversing station ( 93 , 94 ) is 50% of the lowering path. When the pallet ( 7 ) is subsequently raised and transferred to the final parking position, the above-described processes take place in reverse order.

So that the pallets of the upper parking level ( 11 , 12 ), which are connected to the upper chain center ( 97 ), can be lowered without difficulty and obstruction by the lower chain center ( 98 ), the chain wheels of the drive stations ( 93 , 94 ) - As shown in Fig. 10d - arranged diagonally angled in the room ( 96 ). The broken line ( 97 a) shows the upper chain center when lowering a pallet ( 11 , 12 ) of the upper parking level, the broken line ( 98 a) shows the lower chain center when lowering a pallet ( 7 , 8 ) of the middle parking level.

As chains and chain conveyors have been tried and tested resources in mining for decades and special mining chains with extremely high load-bearing capacities have been developed for driving coal hoisting systems and chain scraper conveyors, the transfer of the corresponding technical and application know-how to mechanized parking systems, where we Significantly lower requirements are placed on the chain drives, lead to flawless and trouble-free operational runs. In contrast to the underground use, the chain drives can be designed because of the considerably lower loads so that the chains are in the fatigue strength range. Since four pallets can be connected to two chain tracks, the kinematic guide gear according to FIGS. 10a-d represents a particularly cost-effective concept variant.

All movements are shown on Fig. 1 to Fig. 10 not Darge sensors assigned to the position of the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) at particularly important points of the movement paths, especially at the end points and at the pivot point, he detect and control and forward time, distance and pressure signals to the monitoring computer, which processes this information in a target-actual comparison and in turn transmits the control pulses required for an exact movement sequence to the drive elements, preferably to the hydraulic cylinders, the locking and unlocking devices and the motors is d-10a of FIG.. The monitoring computer not only controls and controls the movement of the kinematic guide mechanisms for each individual stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ), but also ensures a trouble-free and safe interplay of the movement sequences above and below one another, so that mutual collisions are excluded and Lowering movements can be prevented as long as there is a vehicle entering, exiting or parking in the lowering area.

Claims (37)

1.Procedure and device for optimizing the usable volume of multi-storey car parks and underground garages and for improving the use of parking spaces, preferably for parking passenger cars, consisting of individual, preferably one above the other and next to each other, the mobile platforms, pallets or cells that accommodate the vehicles Load vehicles and from the loading point into the parking situation and how it is moved back, characterized in that the movable platforms, pallets or cells by kinematic guide gears, such as slideways, wheels, roller strips, articulated bars or comparable means by the parking situation and the optimization of use predetermined trajectories are moved with horizontal and vertical movement sections that are straight lines for the horizontal and vertika len movement sections or the sen largely approximate, and that additional union drive elements for generating the loading movement forces are present. 2. The method and device according to claim 1, characterized records that the vertical grid dimension for the park Space distribution of the height of the highest, for parking approved vehicle plus pallet floor height and Stiffening brackets plus a little safety distance for the movement play corresponds. 3. The method and device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the total path length for moving a stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ) from the parking situation into the loading or unloading situation or vice versa in the horizontal movement section of the cell width or - length ( 16 , 2 ) plus a corresponding safety surcharge and in the vertical movement section corresponds to the lowering height, which in turn is equal to the number of vehicles ( 17 ) to be stacked, multiplied by the maximum permitted vehicle height plus the heights for the supporting structure elements of the cells ( 22 ) as well as for the minimal vertical safety clearances required. 4. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the kinematic guide drives for the horizontal displacement of the cells ( 1 ) a straight or almost straight line of motion ( 18 ) and for the lowering movement also a straight or almost straight line ( 19 ) or create an arc ( 20 ) in which the Bogenan starting point and the end point when placed on the plane ( 21 ) are perpendicular or almost perpendicular to each other. 5. The method and device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized that the movable stages, pallets or cells including their kinematic behavior Gearboxes and drives form modules from which Parking garage, underground parking and parking space forms under different dimensions can be assembled nen. 6. The method and device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the kinematic leadership shoots from joints and / or sliding guides interconnected bars, beams or grids carriers exist. 7. The method and device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the kinematic leadership drives over temporarily lockable or blockable Have additional joints or sliding guide sections, which can be unlocked and thereby for be  agreed parts of the entire movement additional movement options, preferably with Transition from horizontal to vertical movement or vice versa. 8. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that the kinematic leadership shoots from several stu connected in series fen or sub-areas that exist simultaneously or one after the other the guidance to the desired one Take over trajectories. 9. The method and device according to claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized that specially selected handlebars to be replaced by hydraulic cylinders by Extension or shortening of the given kinema table guide gear in some areas in one Ge convert drives with modified trajectory. 10. The method and device according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the horizontal displacement ( 18 ) of the pallets or cells ( 1 ) via a spring-mounted and preferably on rails ( 23 ) guided th trolley ( 24 ) takes place while the Absenkbewe movement ( 19 ) is effected by a parallel guide gear, which consists of crossed bars ( 25 , 26 ), joints ( 27 , 28 ) and guide pieces ( 29 , 30 ) as well as a movement cylinder ( 31 ) or a guide track and a cable or chain drive consists. 11. The method and device according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the horizontal displacement ( 18 ) of the pallets or cells ( 1 ) takes place along a simple or telescopic slide rail ( 35 ) which is driven by the four-bar linkage on the extended coupling ( 42 ) ( 44 ), which specify the vertical movement, is fastened by means of pivot pins ( 37 ), and that the movement forces necessary for this are generated by a cylinder ( 38 ) and / or a cylinder ( 39 ). 12. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the extended coupling ( 42 ) of the four-bar linkage ( 44 ) has a foldable end ( 48 ) which, after completion of the Hori zontalweges ( 18 ) by the action of a hydraulic cylinder ( 49 ) is pivoted about a swivel joint ( 50 ) into position ( 51 ). 13. The method and device according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the perfect lowering on the floor level ( 21 ) characterizing hinge point ( 51 ) is perpendicular to the position of the hinge point ( 46 ) before the lowering movement. 14. The method and device according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the joint ( 50 ) is locked during the Hori zontalbewegung ( 18 ). 15. The method and device according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fixed articulation points of the four-bar linkage ( 44 ) are on a base line which is arranged at an angle to the floor plane ( 21 ). 16. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the kinematic guide gear formed by the fixed points ( 45 ) and the moving articulation points ( 57 , 58 ) is fully penetrable. 17. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in the Hori caused by hydraulic or similar means Hori zontalbewegung ( 18 ) the hinge point ( 57 a) in the Po position ( 57 b) and the hinge point ( 58 a ) moves to position ( 58 b), so that the suspension point ( 46 ) for the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) which is forcibly coupled with this movement at the end of the extended coupling ( 42 ) is extraordinarily on a horizontal straight line or one of these lines strongly approximated trajectory. 18. The method and device according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that with further drive movement by hydraulic cylinders or by further movements of comparable drive elements, the articulation point ( 57 a) in the position ( 57 c) and the articulation point ( 58 a) in the position ( 58 c) move, resulting in the lowering movement of the platforms, pallets or cells ( 1 ) on the path curve ( 20 ). 19. The method and device according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that during the entire Bewegungsab run the shorter upper link ( 60 ) performs a pivoting movement, the longer lower link ( 61 ) performs a swinging movement. 20. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the overall movement consisting of the horizontal section ( 18 ) and the movement path ( 20 ) for the lowering movement is effected by the extension of a single hydraulic cylinder or a comparable drive element. 21. The method and device according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that one of the links ( 62 ) is designed as a hydraulic cylinder. 22. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the lifting movement of the cylinder ( 62 ) during the horizontal movement ( 18 ) of the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) is blocked and that after completion of the horizontal path ( 18 ) of the cylinder ( 62 ) extended and at the same time the cylinder ( 63 ) is blocked. 23. The method and device according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the mutual blocking of the stroke movements of the cylinders ( 62 ) and ( 63 ) by time, displacement and pressure sensors and a special computer-based control is carried out that the entire movement sequence movement of the four-bar transmission and the movement control for the articulation points ( 46 ) is included in the control process. 24. The method and device according to claims 1 to 23, characterized in that at the articulation points ( 66 , 67 ) between the kinematic guide gears and the pallets, stages or cells ( 1 ) stabilizing cylinders ( 68 ) are arranged, which ensure during the entire movement sequence that the pallets, stages or cells are always in a horizontal position. 25. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the lengthening or shortening of the stabilizing cylinder ( 68 ) via sensors, which che detect the horizontal position of the pallets, stages or cells or possible deviations, and triggered by computer-aided control systems becomes. 26. The method and device according to claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the kinematic guide gear consists of a two-stage parallel guide gear with two series-connected four-link gears ( 74 , 75 ) which pass through the same path curves during movement. 27. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the two four-bar linkages ( 74 , 75 ) have folding levers ( 76 ) which are articulated at one point to the points ( 77 ) of the four-bar linkage and with their other end ( 78 ) are articulated to the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ). 28. The method and device according to claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the folding lever ( 76 ) for part of the movement in a position in which the articulation points ( 46 ) on the stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) with the points ( 78 ) the four-link mechanism ( 74 , 75 ) are identical and detachably connected. 29. The method and device according to claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the guidance of the pallets, stages or cells ( 1 ) takes place during the horizontal and verti cal movement sequence on sliding guides ( 89 , 90 ), and that as drives chain drives ( 91 ) to be used. 30. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the chain drives ( 91 ) are designed as endless, revolving chains. 31. The method and device according to claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the vertical lowering movement ( 19 ) by horizontal displacement ( 92 ) of the drive station ( 93 ) and / or the deflection station ( 94 ). 32. Method and device according to claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the axes of the chain wheels ( 95 ) of the drive station ( 93 ) and the deflection station ( 94 ) are arranged at such an angle ( 96 ) to the horizontal plane that the upper run ( 97 ) and the lower strand ( 98 ) are laterally offset from one another and can be used independently of one another to move the pallets, platforms or cells ( 1 ). 33. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 32, characterized in that a chain drive ( 91 ) for moving four pallets, platforms or cells ( 1 ) is used. 34. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the connection between the stages NEN, pallets or cells ( 1 ) and the chain drives ( 91 ) is positive and takes place via clutches. 35. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 34, characterized in that not only the movement of every individual stage, pallet or cell ( 1 ) is detected, monitored and influenced in the central control computer, but that the work processes of all parking units of the parking garage, the Underground parking or the free parking lot can be included in the information processing, security control and movement control as well as the monitoring of incoming, outgoing and parked vehicles. 36. The method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 35, characterized in that for different stages, pallets or cells ( 1 ) are also used under different kinematic guide gears. 37. Method and device according to claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the individual pallets or cells len ( 1 ) are designed as support frame or box structures, the respective edges of which are formed from supports ( 22 ) and the side surfaces of which Except the area for entering the vehicles are reinforced by diagonal braces ( 40 ).