DE102009001949B4 - Die half and pressing tool - Google Patents

Abstract

Die half (2; 3) for a pressing tool (1) for pressing a compact (7) in a pressing operation with a pressing contour (5), wherein the pressing contour (5) after performing the actual pressing operation from a pressing state (31) in a release state (32) is spreadable, a dimension (45) of the pressing contour (5) transversely to a pressing axis (4-4) in the pressing state (31) is smaller than the corresponding dimension (46) in the release state (32) and the spreading of the Press contour (5) is thereby made possible that an elastic deformation region (17) is provided, under the elastic deformation of the release state (32) of the die half (2, 3) can be brought.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The The invention relates to a die half for a Press tool, which is used for pressing a compact insert. For example, the compact is a fitting for pipe connections, a cable lug, cable end sleeves, Plug, a solderless Crimp connection, a double connection for a conductor and an insulation of the conductor, a socket or a connection or connection element for a electrical cable or an optical fiber. Furthermore the invention a pressing tool with at least one such Die half.

STATE OF THE ART

in the Operation of pressing tools with known from the prior art Die halves is coming It always happens that at the end of the pressing process the Pressling can not be taken from the press contour of the die half, without that an application of removal forces is required. The Application of these withdrawal forces But in the worst case may cause damage to the Pressings done. For example, manufactured crimp connections destroyed resulting in a high repair cost of the associated, with the cable harness connected to the compact to lead can.

• – Gesenkhälften für das Verpressen von Presslingen der oben angeführten Art besitzen eine Presskontur, welche während eines Pressvorgangs üblicherweise in Richtung einer Pressachse sowie quer zu dieser zur Anlage an den Pressling kommen und den Pressling entsprechend der Presskontur verformen. Insbesondere für den Fall, dass die Presskontur mit geneigten oder gekrümmten Teilkonturen ausgebildet ist, in die der Pressling während des Pressvorgangs eingepresst wird, wird bei einer Verjüngung der Presskontur in Pressrichtung der Pressling quer zur Pressachse sowohl plastisch als auch elastisch zusammengepresst. Am Ende des Pressvorgangs führt die Elastizität des Presslings dazu, dass der Pressling quer zur Pressrichtung in der Presskontur verspannt sein kann. Der vorgenannte Effekt tritt weniger auf für Teilkonturen der Presskontur, die quer zur Pressrichtung orientiert sind, während der Effekt zunehmende Bedeutung erlangen kann, wenn die Teilkonturen der Presskontur weiter in Pressrichtung geneigt sind.
• – Gemäß einem alternativen oder kumulativen Erklärungsversuch wird darauf hingewiesen, dass es während des Pressvorgangs zu einer Ausbildung von Mikroverzahnungen zwischen der Gesenkhälfte und dem Pressling kommen kann, die zu den erhöhten Entnahmekräften führen können.
• – Ebenfalls möglich ist, dass es zu einer Ausbildung von Mikroverschweißungen zwischen Gesenkhälfte und Pressling kommt.

The problems with the removal of the compact are attributed to the following causes:

• - Die halves for the pressing of compacts of the type mentioned above have a pressing contour, which come during a pressing process usually in the direction of a pressing axis and transverse to this to rest against the compact and deform the compact according to the pressing contour. In particular, in the event that the pressing contour is formed with inclined or curved sub-contours, in which the compact is pressed during the pressing process, is compressed at a taper of the pressing contour in the pressing direction of the compact transverse to the press axis both plastically and elastically. At the end of the pressing process, the elasticity of the compact leads to the fact that the compact can be tensioned transversely to the pressing direction in the pressing contour. The aforementioned effect occurs less for partial contours of the pressing contour, which are oriented transversely to the pressing direction, while the effect can gain increasing importance if the partial contours of the pressing contour are inclined further in the pressing direction.
• - According to an alternative or cumulative explanation attempt, it is pointed out that during the pressing process micro-toothing may form between the die half and the compact, which may lead to the increased removal forces.
• - It is also possible that there is a formation of micro-welds between die half and pressed.

to Remedy against the phenomena mentioned becomes common the lead as a base material or surface coating added, taking the lead as a kind of lubricant for relief the removal serves. However, an EU Directive 2002/95 / EC to a restriction of Use of certain dangerous Materials targeted in electrical and electronic equipment, including on avoidance of heavy metals such as lead. Corresponding The EU Directive allows pressed bodies like pods and plugs from 01.07.2006 no more lead included. At a such elimination of lead taken known measures to avoid problems during removal of the compact the die half include an adaptation of the pressing contour, the design of the surfaces of Press contour and pressing as well as the choice of materials for the compact and the die half.

DE 101 00 398 A1 discloses an electric motor described, hydraulic pressing device, which may alternatively be designed as a hand-operated pressing tongs. Pressing forces are transmitted here via an electric motor or manually operated generated hydraulic pressure. A nest for pressing a compact is formed with four pressing jaws, which are each equipped with press mandrels. The press jaws are slidably mounted in the pliers head in the pressing direction and are applied in the course of the pressing process backward of the hydraulic pressure.

DE 198 58 719 A1 discloses a pressing tongs, wherein in each case a semicircular trained collar is arranged in the region of the two working jaws, which complement each other to a full ring when a jaw of the forceps is closed. The collars are slidably mounted in the circumferential direction. The displacement of the adjusting rings takes place under the action of springs caused by a toggle mechanism operated by hand levers of the pressing tongs. In each case three rod-shaped pressing elements are mounted in the manner of a lever approximately centered pivotably with respect to the working jaws, wherein an end region of the pressing elements forms a pressing surface, with which the nest is formed for the compact. The other end region of the pressing element has a slot in which a coupling pin carried by the associated adjusting ring is received. With caused by the manual operation movement of the adjusting rings pivot the pressing elements, whereby a Verpres sen of the compact between the pressing surfaces is caused.

DE 199 40 744 A1 relates to a motor-driven hydraulic radial press, in which two press jacks each carry four press jaws. Six of these press jaws are undivided, while two press jaws are divided into two segments. The segments associated with the same press jaw are supported on different press yokes, so that they can perform relative movements relative to one another during the pressing process.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Of the present invention, the object is based, a die half or to propose a pressing tool, which or which previously described Avoid problems with the removal of the compact from the pressing contour.

SOLUTION

The The problem underlying the invention is achieved with a die half according to the Characteristics of the independent Patent claim 1 or claim 2. Further embodiments result in a Gesenkhälfte invention according to the dependent ones claims 3 to 9. Another solution the problem underlying the invention is given by a Press tool with the features of independent claim 10. Further embodiments of such a pressing tool are in the dependent claims 11 to 16 defined.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The The invention relates to a die half for a Press tool, wherein it is in the pressing tool such of any type, in particular with manual drive via hand lever, hydraulic drive, electric drive and the like, can act. The die half can still be fixed, movable or interchangeable with the pressing tool get connected. Furthermore, the die half can be integral with a pressing jaw be formed or formed separately from this and about this actuated become. It should also be noted that the term "die half" is not means that press contours of two die halves of a pressing tool imperatively symmetrical and "half" formed have to be.

For die halves accordingly In the prior art, the skilled person has followed the path taken, that the die half with the press contour as possible To form stiff and hard is to change during the pressing process to avoid the pressing contour, which produces deviations of the Contour of the compact could lead from a target contour. Surprisingly, the treads Invention for the first time the way that the die half is not completely rigid and is stiff. Rather, according to the invention is a kind Spread the die half. With such a spreading, the die half of a pressing state in a release state spread. This release state is characterized by the fact that the dimension of the pressing contour transversely to a press axis in the pressing state is smaller than the corresponding one Dimension in the release state. Is at the end of the actual pressing process thus the pressed in clamped in the press contour in the pressing state, with this toothed or are micro-welds trained or is otherwise a removal of the compact from the Press contour difficult, leads the spreading to a "breathing" of the pressing contour with an extension of the pressing contour transversely to the pressing axis and if necessary, a rip-off of the compact at least partially from the pressing contour. Thus, according to the invention, the problems be removed when removing the compact and required Withdrawal forces reduced become. Ideally, the compact can then be removed from the press contour fall out or lie loosely in it.

Basically even in the rigid embodiment of the die half according to the prior art Type spreading of the press contour also during the pressing process, but this is done on a comparatively small scale. According to the invention spreading, however, only after the end of the actual pressing process, so that in particular partial contours of the pressing contour, which is opposite to a Transversely inclined to the pressing axis, during the spreading movement of the lateral surface of the compact forming a microscopic or macroscopic gap. Quite possible is also that during this spreading process still a slight pressing in the direction the press axis takes place while lateral surfaces replace the pressing contour of the compact. Complementary or alternative to the said formation of a gap to form the release state may be a shearing motion between a partial contour of the pressing contour and the lateral surface of the compact, which likewise leads to a release of the Pressings leads from the press contour.

Preferably are according to the invention measures hit that one strut for a transfer of the Press contour from the pressing state to the release state on a larger scale than one under circumstances occurring spreading during the actual pressing process.

There is much to enable the spreading movement of the die half according to the invention various possibilities:
In a first embodiment of the invention, an elastic deformation area in the die half is provided for ensuring the spreading of the pressing contour. It is possible that the die half is made in one piece from a metal, wherein integrally an elastic deformation region is provided, which may consist in a local weakening of the die half. It is also possible that the die half is formed with a plurality of cohesively interconnected sub-components, for example, two Gesenkhälfteteilen of metal, which are interconnected via an elastic intermediate region or an intermediate layer.

According to one second embodiment of the invention, the die half with pivotable relative to each other, each other via a pivot bearing with each other connected Gesenkhälfteteilen educated. The die-half parts each form a partial contour of the pressing contour. Here is the Relative movement of the die half parts a pivoting of the Gesenkhälfteteile about an axis which is transverse to the press axis and transverse to a longitudinal axis of the compact is oriented. A coupling of the die half parts over a suitable coupling element, which is designed as a pivot joint is.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the Gesenkhälfte is claimed during the spreading for transferring the pressing contour from the pressing state in the release state to bending. This is to be explained in a simplified manner by the die half being understood as a bending beam whose longitudinal axis is oriented transversely to the pressing axis (cf. 7 and 8th ), For such a bending beam, according to the invention, an area moment of inertia of a cross-sectional half of the die half, ie of the symbol-like bending beam, is reduced in the vicinity of the pressing contour when cutting in the direction of the press axis, so that a bending responsible for the spreading can take place in this area. Alternatively or additionally, a stiffness of the cross-sectional area of the die half may be reduced when cutting in the direction of the press axis in the region of the pressing contour, so that the spread is caused as a result of transverse forces associated with the bending.

• – randgeschlossen sein in Form einer Bohrung oder Ausfräsung oder
• – randoffen sein mit einer Öffnung, die im Bereich der der Presskontur gegenüberliegenden Seite der Gesenkhälfte angeordnet ist.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the die half has in the direction of the press axis behind the pressing contour at least one recess, which represents a weakening of the die half, which allows the spreading movement. The recess is preferably oriented transversely to the pressing axis and transversely to the longitudinal extent of the die half and can

• - be closed in the form of a hole or cutout or
• - Be open-edged with an opening which is located in the region of the side opposite the pressing contour of the die half.

Is possible Also, that such a recess formed in the die half with another material with reduced stiffness properties filled is.

Another aspect of the invention is devoted to the structural design for enabling a spread of the pressing contour to an increased extent for the transfer of the pressing contour from the pressing state to the release state against any spread during the actual pressing operation. This embodiment is based on the finding that for the actual pressing operation between cooperating die halves a press contact is formed exclusively via the contact of the pressing contour with the compact. This results in surface pressures in the area of the pressing contour, which have the consequence that any deformation of the pressing contour due to the surface pressure immediately followed or filled by the plastically nachfließende material of the compact, so that during the actual pressing process no gap between the pressing contour and compact can result. In contrast, the invention proposes that after the actual pressing operation with support of the die halves with the interposition of the compact for the transfer from the pressing state of the pressing contour in the release state of the pressing contour an additional loading surface of the die half comes into effect, which generates an application force, preferably a Beaufschlagungskräftepaar, the or which is responsible for the spreading. This will be explained with reference to a simple embodiment, with more complex material stresses and configurations of pressing contour and Beaufschlagungsfläche are possible: If a symmetrical to pressing axis symmetrical pressing contour is considered for simplification, surface pressures caused in the pressing contour can lead to a resultant, which runs centrally through the pressing contour and oriented in the direction of the press axis. If, on the line of action of this resultant on the side of the die half opposite the pressing contour, a support of the die half, for example on a pressing jaw of the pressing tool, no bending stress is exerted on the die half considered as a bending beam ( 7 ), Come at the end and after the actual pressing process, the loading surfaces according to the invention a die half for abutment against mating surfaces of another die half or other components of the pressing tool, be introduced off the pressing contour, and thus in the transverse direction away from the Abstützortes the die half, loading forces in the die half, which a bending load have as a consequence, which are responsible for a spreading of the pressing contour or a now reinforced spreading of the pressing contour ( 8th ), Preferably, the additional loading surfaces are arranged as far away from the pressing contour in a direction transverse to the pressing axis.

In Another embodiment of the invention, the at least one loading surface against the Pressing axis inclined. This can be used for a conversion over the Drive the pressing tool applied force in an optimal Impact force, on the one hand in a kind of reinforcement can, by the inclined impact surface a kind of spline connection forms. On the other hand, over such an inclined loading surface the direction of action of the application force so changed be that a raised Spreader effect results.

Corresponding an alternative or additional Proposal will be spreading for the transfer of the Press contour from the press state to the release state with a degree of spreading, which is larger as while the actual pressing process, in addition by the use of a locking element guaranteed. This blocking element locks a spreading of the pressing contour temporarily, namely during the actual pressing process while subsequently to the actual pressing process for the transfer of the pressing contour from the pressing state in the release state the blocking element releases the spreading. Thus, for the previously explained embodiments the blocking element the deformation degree of freedom or a degree of freedom of movement temporary arrest or detain. Alternatively, the blocking element is also permanently activated for single pressing operations with a pressing tool with a first type of die halves and / or Pressling, while for one second type of die halves and / or compacts the blocking element is eliminated or a blocking effect is eliminated. The blocking element can automatically during the Drive of the pressing tool between a blocking position and a unlocked position or manually from a user via a suitable actuator, which independently from any hand levers of the press tool is to be switched.

The Blocking element can form a blocking surface over which an oriented against the deformation of the deformation element blocking force in the die half can be introduced. For example, a lockout element comes with a blocking surface in a recess of the die half a, around the weakening of the die half formed with the recess for the locked At least reduce position. In other words, about that Blocking element with the blocking surface the spreading degree of freedom will be blocked.

• – unabhängig davon, welche Presskontur der Vielzahl von Presskonturen genutzt wird, fest mit einer Pressbacke verbunden oder verrastet sein (vgl. DE 201 00 031 U1 ),
• – unmittelbarer Teil einer Pressbacke sein (vgl. DE 37 08 727 C2 ),
• – in zwei um 180° verdrehten Ausrichtungen in dem Presswerkzeug betrieben werden
• – entsprechend der nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin DE 10 2008 012 011 verschieblich in unterschiedliche Betriebsstellungen mit weiteren Komponenten des Presswerkzeugs verbindbar sein.

It is understood that the invention can be used on the one hand for die halves, to which only a pressing contour is provided for a geometry of the compact. It is also possible that the invention finds use with die halves in which a plurality of pressing contours are formed for pressing compacts with different geometries. The multiple pressing contours thus form several nests or receptacles for the compact. In this case, the abovementioned measures for facilitating spreading can be used in such a way that a pressing contour assigned to a single nest is individually spread apart or a spreading of several pressing contours takes place together. The die half can hereby

• - Regardless of which pressing contour of the plurality of pressing contours is used, be firmly connected to a pressing jaw or locked (see. DE 201 00 031 U1 )
• - Be the immediate part of a press jaw (see. DE 37 08 727 C2 )
• - Operated in two rotated by 180 ° orientations in the press tool
• - According to the unpublished patent application of the applicant DE 10 2008 012 011 slidably be connected in different operating positions with other components of the pressing tool.

In a pressing tool according to the invention can spread for the transfer of the pressing contour from the pressing state to the release state be done by drive elements that are separate from drive elements actuated be that for responsible for the actual pressing process. To only a possible one embodiment for this purpose can call, over a kind of thumbwheel under suitable power transmission an actuator such against the die half depressed be pressed or with a wedge in a wedge-like recess of the die half be that results in the spreading movement. In an alternative embodiment the pressing tool according to the invention over the same or the same drive element (s) generating the pressing force for pressing the compact and the spreading force for spreading the die half, what a decisive simplification for the operation, be it by manual activity hand levers or through automated operation, represents.

Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can come into effect alternatively or cumulatively, without the advantages having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Further Merk The drawings - in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to one another and their relative arrangement and operative connection - can be seen in the drawings. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or of features of different claims is also possible deviating from the chosen relationships of the claims and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Likewise, in the claims listed features for further embodiments of the invention can be omitted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

in the The invention is described below with reference to the figures preferred embodiments further explained and described.

1 schematically shows a die half according to the invention, which is formed with two for spreading to each other translationally displaceable Gesenkhälfteteilen.

2 shows schematically a die half according to the invention, which is formed with two for pivoting against each other pivotable Gesenkhälfteteilen.

3 schematically shows a die half according to the invention with a deformation region.

4 shows schematically the use of two die halves according to the invention with recess and actuating surfaces in a pressing tool during the actual pressing operation.

5 shows a die half according to 4 in a cut-free state during the actual pressing process.

6 shows a die half according to 4 in free cut state during spreading after the actual pressing process.

7 shows the effective surface pressures during the actual pressing process on a simplified mechanical replacement model of the die half in the form of a bending beam.

8th shows the effective surface pressures after the actual pressing process during spreading on a simplified mechanical replacement model of the die half in the form of a bending beam.

9 schematically shows a pressing contour in a pressing state and a release state.

10 schematically shows a die half with open-edged recess and alternative or cumulative locations for an arrangement of loading surfaces for applying forces of application for a spreading.

11 shows schematically the interaction of die halves according to the invention with loading surfaces for spreading at least one die half.

12 shows schematically an interaction of a die half with a locking element for temporarily locking or locking a spreading.

13 schematically shows a die half according to the invention for a compression of pipe joints or fittings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention relates to a pressing tool, in particular a pressing tongs 1 , which can be arbitrarily, for example manually via hand lever, electrically or hydraulically driven. In training as pressing tongs 1 a formation of the pressing tongs can be done even up to the features according to the invention described below according to the prior art. In particular, the pressing tongs 1 be formed with respect to the actuating mechanism, a Zwangsgesperre, a Anschlaggesperre, a positioner or locator, a pliers head or other details according to known embodiments of the Applicant, see. especially DE 37 08 727 C2 . DE 40 23 337 C1 . DE 40 26 332 C2 . DE 40 39 435 C1 . DE 44 27 553 C2 . DE 197 13 580 C2 . DE 197 09 639 A1 . DE 197 53 436 C2 . DE 198 02 287 C1 . DE 198 07 737 C2 . DE 298 03 336 U1 . DE 198 32 884 C1 . DE 198 34 859 C2 . DE 199 24 086 C2 . DE 199 24 087 C2 . DE 199 63 097 C1 . DE 100 56 900 C1 . DE 101 32 413 C2 . DE 101 40 270 B4 . DE 102 42 345 B3 . DE 103 46 241 B3 . DE 10 2005 003 615 B3 . DE 10 2005 003 617 B3 . DE 10 2007 038 626 B3 . DE 10 2007 001 235 A1 . DE 10 2008 005 472 B3 . DE 10 2008 012 011 A1 . DE 10 2008 017 369 A1 . DE 20 2008 003 703 U1 ,

The pressing tongs 1 preferably has two die halves 2 . 3 during the actual pressing operation along a straight or curved press axis 4 be moved towards each other. The die halves 2 . 3 each have a pressing contour 5 . 6 , which during the actual pressing operation for contact with a lateral surface of a compact 7 come and between those the Pressling 7 is plastically deformed. In the under In various embodiments Figures are despite different designs, the die halves 2 . 3 and at least partially matching functions possessing elements with the same reference numerals. The die halves 2 . 3 may be formed separately and, for example, interchangeable with jaws of the pressing tongs 1 be held or be an integral part of such cheeks.

For the in 1 illustrated embodiment is a die half 2 with two die-half parts 8th . 9 educated. The die-half parts 8th . 9 each have press contour parts 10 . 11 , possibly avoiding a joint in the transition region to the pressing contour 5 complete. For a symmetrical to the press axis 4 trained press contour 5 can be a separation level of the press contour parts 10 . 11 an axis of symmetry of the pressing contour 5 form, which is not absolutely necessary. The die-half parts 8th . 9 are so connected to this supporting components, in particular pressing jaws, that at least one Gesenkhälfteteil 8th , if necessary, also both Gesenkhälfteteile 8th . 9 transverse to the press axis 4 slidably guided. For the actual pressing process, however, such a degree of freedom is not used, so that the pressing contour 5 gap-free from the press convictions 10 . 11 is formed. After the end of the actual pressing process, a translatory movement takes place 12 . 13 at least one Gesenkhälfteteils 8th . 9 transverse to the press axis 4 , so that the press contour parts 10 . 11 remove each other to form a gap. For the schematically illustrated pressing contour 5 has every press account rating 10 . 11 over a partial contour 15 , which are transverse to the press axis 4 - 4 oriented, as well as a partial contour 16 facing the transverse direction to the press axis 4 - 4 and to the press axis 4 - 4 inclined, here about an angle of 60 °. With the spreading by the movement (s) 12 . 13 a shear movement of the partial contours occurs 15 , which are transverse to the press axis 4 - 4 are oriented, opposite the lateral surface of the compact 7 , On the other hand, the inclined partial contours are released 16 from the lateral surface of the compact 7 , leaving a gap between this sub-contour 16 and the lateral surface is created. Thus, the removal of the compact from the die half 2 be simplified.

According to the in 2 illustrated embodiment, the die halves with each other or with these supporting components of the pressing tongs 1 pivotable about a pivot bearing 14 stored. A spreading after completion of the actual pressing operation does not take place here by translational movement of the die half parts 8th . 9 but rather by movements 12 . 13 on a circular path around the pivot bearing 14 ,

This is done in addition to the removal of the press contour parts 10 . 11 from each other with the formation of a gap and an inclination of the partial contours 15 . 16 the die half parts 8th . 9 against each other and an increase in the angle of the partial contours 16 the two Gesenkhälfteteile 8th . 9 relative to each other.

For the in 3 illustrated embodiment is the die half 2 formed integrally, wherein the die half 2 an elastic deformation area 17 owns, a spreading of the press contour 5 allows. The deformation area 17 This can be designed as desired, for example in the form of a material weakening, a reduction in the wall thickness of the die half 2 , a recess in the direction of the press axis 4 and similar. It is also possible that the die half 2 the in 3 illustrated embodiment with Gesenkhälfteteilen 8th . 9 is formed, the material fit to a deformation region 17 made of a different material with a greater elasticity. This can, as in 3 represented, the elastic deformation area 17 over the entire half of the die 2 extend in the direction of the press axis, so that the deformation region 17 the pressing contour 5 with limited. It is also possible that the Gesenkhälfteteile 8th . 9 over a the press contour 5 with delimiting bridge made from the material of the die half parts 8th . 9 are interconnected, while the more elastic material only off the press contour 5 extends. In this case, spreading is used to carry out the pressing contour 5 from a press state to a release state elastic deformation of the deformation region 17 ,

4 shows the interaction of die halves 2 . 3 during an actual pressing operation, for which is driven by a drive of the pressing tool or pressing tongs 1 in the direction of a pressing movement spaced apart, facing each other end faces of the die halves 2 . 3 to move towards each other. For the illustrated embodiment, it is at the die half 2 around a pliers head half die, while the die half 3 a moving die half is with a translatory pressing movement 18 , but neither is necessarily the case. Between the press contours 5 the die halves 2 . 3 is as shown the compact 7 added, with further pressing movement 18 is pressed and its lateral surface with progressive pressing movement 18 a form of pressing contours 5 the die halves 2 . 3 approaches. According to 4 own the die halves 2 . 3 in a direction transverse to the press axis 4 outer projections, facing each other and oriented in the direction of the opposite die half projections 19 . 20 , During the actual pressing process, a connection between the die halves 2 . 3 (in addition to the support via support elements 21 . 22 the pressing tongs 1 for applying the pressing forces) only via the contact of the pressing contours 5 with the compact 7 exists, come with the end of the actual pressing operation admission areas 23 . 24 that of the other die half facing end faces of the projections 19 . 20 are formed, at corresponding counter-application areas 23a . 24a the other half of the die to plant. The support of the die halves 2 . 3 on the support elements 21 . 22 The pressing tongs are made in the area of the press axis 4 - 4 and at least over one of the width of the pressing contour 5 transverse to the press axis 4 corresponding extent. Preferably, the support elements 21 . 22 convex or convex.

5 shows a free-body image of the die half 2 during the actual. Pressing process. On the press contour 5 opposite side results in a surface pressure curve 25 due to the support of the die half 2 on the support element 22 , On the opposite side of the surface pressure curve acts 26 in the area of the press contour 5 on the die half 2 , The surface pressure gradients 25 . 26 lead to mutually canceling resultant. Not shown are transverse to the press axis 4 oriented surface pressure, especially in partial contours 16 may arise, which are inclined relative to the press axis 4 - 4 and a transverse direction to the press axis 4 are oriented. However, ideally and for symmetrical design of the press contour and arrangement of the compact 7 in the press contour 5 Such transverse surface pressures on a die half 2 be balanced.

6 shows a corresponding free body image after completion of the actual pressing operation and for spreading the pressing contour 5 from a press state to a release state. Here are the admission areas 23 . 24 a die half 2 at corresponding counter-application areas 23a . 24a the die half 3 so that here serving staff 27 . 28 arise, which is a distance 29 or lever arm from the press axis 4 have. About a dimensioning of the extension of the projections 19 . 20 in the direction of the press axis 4 can be specified, which distance the edge regions of the press contours 5 the die halves 2 . 3 at the end of the actual pressing process still have. If it is desired that this distance is as small as possible, a formation of burrs on the lateral surface of the compressed compact 7 to avoid are the protrusions 19 . 20 preferably with a small extension in the direction of the press axis 4 - 4 train. It is understood that for protrusions 19 . 20 in the microscopic or macroscopic area these are not as real projections as in 4 must be formed, but in an end face of the die halves 2 . 3 may be formed, for example, by appropriate buckling or reworking or fine complementary spacer elements.

7 and 8th show the one 5 and 6 corresponding free body picture, although the die half 2 in the form of a mechanical replacement model, here a bending beam 30 , is shown. As a result of pressing forces during the actual pressing process and the loading forces 27 . 28 during spreading becomes the bending beam 30 subjected to bending about a bending axis which is vertical to the plane according to the 5 and 6 is oriented, off 7 it can be seen that the bending beam 30 only over the width of the press contour 5 with the surface pressure gradients 25 . 26 is applied while off the press contour 5 no action on the bending beam 30 or the die half 2 takes place, so that there is no bending, which could lead to the spreading of the invention.

On the other hand, the bending beam 30 (or the die half 2 ) after completion of the actual pressing operation and for spreading the invention acted upon by the Beaufschlagungskräften 27 . 28 , which then lead to a bending moment load with a lever arm to the press axis, the distance 29 equivalent.

9 shows in enlarged detail the pressing contour 5 , namely first in the non-substantially deformed and spread press condition 31 as well as after the actual pressing process deformed and spread release state 32 , Corresponds to the contour of the lateral surface of the compact of the pressing contour at the end of the actual pressing process 5 in the pressing state 31 , forms the pressing contour 5 in the release state 32 at least in the area of partial contours 16 a microscopic or macroscopic gap 33 from which the removal of the compact from the pressing contour 5 simplified. As a result of spreading according to the invention, a dimension increases 45 the pressing contour across the press axis 4 - 4 in the pressing state to a dimension 46 in the release state. In addition, in 9 To recognize that a tilt angle of the partial contours 16 opposite the press axis 4 - 4 increased. Finally, it can due to the spreading to a convex bulge of the partial contours 15 come.

To enable a corresponding deformation, the die half has 4 to 6 an edge-closed recess 34 , which are transverse to the press axis 4 , to the longitudinal extension of the die half 2 and vertically to the drawing plane according to 4 to 6 is oriented. For example, it is the recess 34 around a hole in the die half 2 , It is understood that several such recesses 34 be provided can and they can have any cross-sectional design.

In 10 It can be seen that as an alternative or in addition to the edge-closed recess 34 also on the press contour 5 opposite side of the die half 2 an open-edged recess 35 may be arranged, which is slotted or wedge-shaped for the illustrated embodiment. Also this recess 35 provides a targeted weakening of the die half 2 to the desired deformations for spreading the pressing contour 5 to enable. In 10 are still the operating forces 27 . 28 characterized, which according to the embodiment according to 4 to 8th between the loading areas 23 . 24 Act. Alternatively, other impulses can 36 . 37 be generated on other loading surfaces, for example in the area of the sides of the die half 2 act and opposite the press axis 4 - 4 are inclined or, as in 10 represented, transverse to the press axis 4 - 4 Act.

For the in 11 illustrated embodiment has a die half 3 poor 38 . 39 , the side of the die half 2 are passed and with their front sides V-shaped inclined Beaufschlagungsflächen 40 . 41 form. After the actual pressing process these admission surfaces come 40 . 41 for contact with counter-surfaces 40a . 41a the die half 2 , whereby applying forces are generated in the pressing direction behind or in front of the pressing contour 5 on the die halves 2 . 3 act and are inclined both towards the press axis 4 - 4 as well as a transverse direction to the press axis 4 - 4 , For the in 11 illustrated embodiment, the application of the loading surfaces takes place 40 . 41 with the relative movement of the die halves 2 . 3 , Also possible is that the arms 38 . 39 or corresponding plunger separate from the die half 2 . 3 are formed and, caused by the movement of the drive of the pressing tongs, such as the hand lever, separately from the die halves 2 . 3 be actuated and acted upon. It is also possible that such arms 38 . 39 independent of the other drive for the die halves 2 . 3 be operated during the actual pressing operation and relative to the die halves 2 . 3 be moved. It is also possible that such plunger or arms 38 . 39 not like in 11 represented, parallel to the press axis 4 - 4 be moved, but at any angle thereto, for example, also transverse to the press axis 4 - 4 , by which means of admission 36 . 37 according to 10 could be generated.

12 shows a further embodiment in which the die half 2 both an edge-closed recess 34 as well as an open-edged recess 35 has. In addition, according to 12 a blocking element 42 Insert, which preferably during the actual pressing operation in the recess 35 enters and with a blocking area 43 to the plant comes to the recess 35 , For the transfer of the pressing contour 5 from the pressing state to the release state becomes the blocking element 42 out of engagement with the recess 35 brought so that the spreading of the invention is made possible. The blocking element 42 is over a barrier organ 44 operated, the locking member 44 with the drive of the pressing tongs 1 can be coupled to produce the pressing movement or with a separate drive element, which can be manually operated, for example.

How out 13 it can be seen, the measures according to the invention can be used accordingly for a shell-like die half 2 , which is used, for example, for the compression of pipe ends, connection elements for pipe connections or fittings.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

crimping pliers

2

die half

3

die half

4

pressing axis

5

pressing contour

6

pressing contour

7

compact

8th

Gesenkhälfteteil

9

Gesenkhälfteteil

10

Press contour part

11

Press contour part

12

Move

13

Move

14

pivot bearing

15

partial contour

16

partial contour

17

deformation zone

18

pressing movement

19

head Start

20

head Start

21

supporting

22

supporting

23

actuating area

24

actuating area

25

Surface pressure history

26

Surface pressure history

27

urging force

28

urging force

29

distance

30

bending beam

31

Press state

32

release state

33

gap

34

randgeschl. recess

35

open edge recess

36

urging force

37

urging force

38

poor

39

poor

40

actuating area

41

actuating area

42

blocking element

43

blocking surface

44

blocking member

45

dimension

46

dimension

Claims (16)

Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) for a pressing tool ( 1 ) for pressing a compact ( 7 ) in a pressing process with a pressing contour ( 5 ), wherein the pressing contour ( 5 ) after performing the actual pressing operation from a pressing state ( 31 ) in a release state ( 32 ) is spreadable, one dimension ( 45 ) of the pressing contour ( 5 ) across a press axis ( 4 - 4 ) in the pressing state ( 31 ) is smaller than the corresponding dimension ( 46 ) in the release state ( 32 ) and the spreading of the pressing contour ( 5 ) is made possible by an elastic deformation region ( 17 ) is provided, under the elastic deformation of the release state ( 32 ) of the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) can be brought. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) for a pressing tool ( 1 ) for pressing a compact ( 7 ) in a pressing process with a pressing contour ( 5 ), wherein the pressing contour ( 5 ) after performing the actual pressing operation from a pressing state ( 31 ) in a release state ( 32 ) is spreadable, one dimension ( 45 ) of the pressing contour ( 5 ) across a press axis ( 4 - 4 ) in the pressing state ( 31 ) is smaller than the corresponding dimension ( 46 ) in the release state ( 32 ) and the spreading of the pressing contour ( 5 ) is made possible by the fact that the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) with relatively pivotable, via a pivot bearing interconnected Gesenkhälfteteilen ( 8th . 9 ), each having a press contour ( 10 . 11 ) of the pressing contour ( 5 ) form. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) is additionally subjected to bending after pressing and ba) an area moment of inertia of a cross-sectional area of the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) when cutting in the direction of the pressing axis ( 4 - 4 ) in the area of the pressing contour ( 5 ) is reduced and / or bb) a stiffness of the cross-sectional area of the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) when cutting in the direction of the pressing axis ( 4 - 4 ) in the area of the pressing contour ( 5 ) is reduced. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) in the direction of the press axis ( 4 - 4 ) behind the press contour ( 5 ) at least one recess ( 34 . 35 ) owns. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to one of claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) at least one off the press contour ( 5 ) ( 23 ; 24 ; 40 ; 41 ), over which a loading force ( 27 ; 28 ; 36 ; 37 ) can be applied, which for the elastic deformation of the elastic deformation region ( 17 ) for spreading the pressing contour ( 5 ) responsible for. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the loading surface ( 23 ; 24 ; 40 ; 41 ) opposite a transverse surface to the press axis ( 4 - 4 ) is inclined. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a blocking element ( 42 ) is provided, via which a spreading of the pressing contour ( 5 ) can be temporarily locked at least. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to claim 7 when appended to one of claims 1 or 3 to 6, characterized in that the blocking element ( 42 ) with a blocking surface ( 43 ) is formed, via which a against the deformation of the deformation element ( 17 ) oriented blocking force in the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) can be introduced. Die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of expandable or deformable die halves ( 2 ; 3 ) are provided to form a plurality of nests, which can be spread individually or together. Pressing tool ( 1 ) with at least one die half ( 2 ; 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one drive element is provided, which both a pressing force for pressing the compact ( 7 ) as well as a spreading force or loading force ( 27 ; 28 ; 36 ; 37 ) for spreading the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) generated. Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that for the compression of the compact ( 7 ) responsible die halves ( 2 ; 3 ) at least one loading area ( 23 ; 24 ; 40 ; 41 ) and a counter-charge surface ( 23a ; 24a ; 40a ; 41a ), which are pressed against each other for a partial stroke, generating the spreading force or a spreading moment. Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the die half to be spread ( 2 ; 3 ) over the pressing stroke relative to at least one stationary counter-loading surface ( 23a ; 24a ; 40a ; 41a ), to which a loading surface ( 23 ; 24 ; 40 ; 41 ) of the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) is pressed for another partial stroke while generating the loading or spreading force ( 27 ; 28 ; 36 : 37 ), Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that a spreading element is provided, a) which is formed independently of drive elements, via which the pressing stroke is brought about, and b) via which a spreading force on the die half ( 2 . 3 ) can be applied. Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that a blocking member ( 44 ) is provided which a) in a blocking position on a blocking element ( 42 ) of the die half ( 2 ; 3 ) such that the deformation degree of freedom of the elastic deformation element ( 17 ) is limited or eliminated, and b) in a release position, the deformation degree of freedom of the elastic deformation element ( 17 ) releases. Pressing tool ( 1 ) according to claim 15, characterized in that the movement of the blocking member ( 44 ) is coupled to the movement a) of drive elements for generating the pressing stroke or b) of a spreading element according to claim 14.

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