DE1066152B - Method and devices for processing solid bodies by means of a liquid flow guided in an inclined line - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and devices for processing solid bodies by means of a liquid flow guided in an inclined, closed line, in particular for separating solid Bodies according to density (sorting) and / or according to grain size (sorting). When sorting the "Light" parts are separated from the "heavy" parts, while classifying, on the other hand, separates the "coarse" bodies from the "fine" ones.

Devices, so-called power apparatuses, are known for separating solid substances The material to be separated is poured from above into an ascending column of liquid that is vertical or opposite the vertical is only slightly inclined. The separation process of these power devices is based on the difference the rate of descent of the material components. The slowly sinking component increases with the Liquid flow on, while the faster sinking falls down against the current. Such devices mainly cause a separation through indifference. With them it is further known that To be separated in the ascending liquid flow between the inlet and the outlet.

Power devices of the type mentioned are only effective when sorting if the components to be separated have a narrow grain size range in the material to be separated or clearly differentiated from one another are, d. H. if the washability curve of the goods to be separated is favorable, i.e. it is clearly pronounced shows the horizontal line. In the opposite case, the current apparatus lack the accuracy, and the fractions that they deliver contain a large proportion of rejects.

In the case of washes that work with open channels on the principle of sedimentation, it is known to use the To change the channel cross-section by adjusting * the side walls of the channel, in particular to reduce it.

The invention has the task of developing a method and devices with which with the simplest means a high accuracy of the separation even under unfavorable separation conditions can be achieved.

The invention solves the problem posed by a processing method by means of an inclined closed Line upward flow of liquid, at which the speed of the ascending Liquid flow and the inclination of the line so matched to each other and to the material to be separated be that the abandoned in the middle part of the line good gets into a standing vortex movement, from the the lighter parts are discharged upwards and from which the heavy cargo proportion at the bottom of the pipeline follows slides down.

The method according to the invention operates according to methods and devices

for processing solid bodies

by means of one in an inclined pipe

guided liquid flow

Applicant:
Establishments Neyrpic,

Grenoble, Isere,

and Charbonnages de France, Paris
(France)

Representative: Dr. W. Müller-Bore and Dipl.-Ing. H. Gralfs, Patent attorneys, Braunschweig, Am Bürgerpark 8

Claimed priority:

France 25 November 1955, 11 January, 2 March
and November 15, 1956

a principle which is completely different from that of the power devices described above. It is based on the utilization of the difference in the setting speed and on the formation of standing vortex movements, so-called dunes, in the separating lines. For the dune formation mentioned, it is essential that the separating line is at a large angle to the vertical so that the heavier resp. larger particles, which are carried away against the flow of liquid, settle on the floor and move downwards can slip down.

The method according to the invention meets all requirements for a high accuracy of the separation, even if the material to be separated is difficult to separate by its nature or even if it is extensive Grit range. In addition, the following advantages are to be mentioned: low liquid pressure head, low pressure loss, low space requirement and the lack of failure-prone, mechanically moving parts.

The method according to the invention is equally suitable for sorting as well as for Classifying solid bodies. Preference is given to sorting goods with a diameter of more than 1.5 mm, preferably classifies goods to be separated with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. In addition, the procedure can

909 630/48

also for simultaneous classifying and sorting, i.e. for simultaneous separation according to density and density Grain size can be used, preferably for goods to be separated with diameters between 0.5 and 1.5 mm. These figures are only intended as a guide; in practice they can look after the special Change operating conditions to a large extent.

In most cases, the procedure will be carried out using a liquid, usually water. However, it would be entirely conceivable to use a gaseous instead of a liquid in individual cases Use separating medium.

Some possible embodiments of the invention are described and illustrated by the schematic Drawings illustrated.

Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through a processing plant according to the invention, in which a single dune is formed;

Fig. 2 shows in section a processing plant in which several dunes can arise;

3 is an overall longitudinal section through a processing plant for coal with several washing dunes; Fig. 4 shows a part of the system of FIG. 3, in which special precautions are taken to each Avoid disruptions caused by changes in the throughput of the separating liquid could;

Fig. 5 relates to a further variant in which the separating material of the separating line by a hydraulic Feed device is fed;

6 is a longitudinal section through an apparatus for separating rare ores according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows, in longitudinal section, another possible embodiment for the separating line according to FIG Invention;

Fig. 8 shows again in longitudinal section an overall view of a plant for the processing of ore in two separations;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of an apparatus similar to that shown in FIG.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a device according to the invention is intended for the raw material to separate into light and heavy parts as a function of a separation process that has to be carried out in advance has set.

The device includes an inclined closed separating line 10 which is completely filled with a liquid is filled, which flows through the line from its lower end 11 to the upper end 12 under pressure. In the middle part of the line, a feed point (inlet) 13 is arranged for the material to be separated. The inflow can be provided in the upper wall surface, approximately in the center plane thereof, as also shown in the drawing is; but it could also be attached to the side. The starting point for the light fractions of the material to be separated coincides with the upper end 12 of the line 10, while an output 14 for Heavy fractions are provided at the bottom of the line 10 upstream of the entry point 13 in the direction of flow is. Between the inlet 13 for the material to be separated and the outlet 14, the line 10 has a light line Cross-sectional constriction 13 '.

In operation, the flow of liquid flowing through the channel 10 from its lower end 11 to its upper end 12 flows through, regulated to a speed that is between the limit speeds chooses in which the deposition is the most dense among the light parts of the separation process and the takes place at least dense among the heavy parts.

The material to be separated that is fed into the line,

collects near the inlet 13 on the bottom of the closed line 10 in the form of a diine D. The constriction 13 'contributes to the stabilization of this dune.

In the dune D , the products are exposed to two opposing forces: the ascending flow of liquid, which, as a result of the local increase in speed, acts particularly on the summit of the dune ίο, and the gravitation in connection with the inclination of the channel 10, which is particularly at the base of the Diine to Effect comes. As a result, the dune D is constantly being rolled over, as indicated in the drawing.

The inclination of the closed channel 10 can be constant or variable between its ends 11 and 12. In any case, it is chosen so that it favors the overturning of the dune D and does not counteract a steady and constant state of the dune, which is in constant vortex motion.

The light parts leave the dune in the direction of flow, rise to the outlet 12 in the separating line 10 and are collected there; the heavy parts leave the dune D against the direction of flow and slide on the line floor 10 down to the exit 14, where they are also collected.

In this way, the device works in constant operation, ie with constant feeding of the separated material and with constant removal of the light parts at 12 and the heavy parts at 14. The proportion of rejects is very low. In the system according to FIG. 2, precautions have been taken to reduce the proportion of faulty goods even further. This improvement in the separation accuracy is achieved by auxiliary dunes, in which the material that has escaped on the main dune D is washed through again and only then removed or returned to the washing process of the main dune. 2 shows the inclined separating line 10 at 10, the entry of the liquid at 11, the feed point for the material to be separated at 13, the exit of the liquid and the light fractions at 12 and the exit of the heavy fractions at 14. The line 10 has a cross-section widening 15 downstream of the inlet 13 and a cross-sectional constriction 16 in front of the feed point 13, through which an auxiliary dune is formed below and above the main dune, in which the material that has emerged from the main dune is washed.

As before, the product to be separated at 13 forms the line D, from which the light parts exit upwards and the heavy parts downwards.

When rising with the flow, the light parts and the defective material accompanying them experience a local reduction in the flow velocity due to the widening of the cross-section 15. They therefore form the post-wash dune D ₁ . The rewashing takes place here in the same way as in the main dune D, with only the separation values being slightly different. Only the really light parts from the dune D _{1 are released} to exit at 12, while the heavier material migrates back _{from the auxiliary dune D 1} to the main dune D.

When descending from the main dune D against the current, the heavy parts and the accompanying light defective material get into an area of locally increased flow velocity as a result of the cross-sectional constriction 16. On this they form a 7η post-wash dune D ₂ , in which the same processes take place

play as in the main dune D, with the ■ again the separation values being different from those of the main dune. It therefore migrate only the really heavy parts from the Hilfsdüne D ₂ to the outlet 14, while the lightweight material from the dune D ₂ is returned to the main dune D.

FIG. 3 shows an example of industrial application of the device according to FIG. 2 for the processing of Raw coal. In FIG. 3, the separating line 10 with its changes in cross section 15 can be seen again at 10 and 16, at 11 the water inlet, at 13 the feed point for the material to be separated, at 12 the outlet for the washed coal and at 14 the outlet for the wash mountains.

The material to be separated is fed by a conveyor belt 17 to a filling and equalizing container 18, which at 13 is connected to the line 10. The water comes from a feed container 19 in a constant amount through a connecting pipe 20 into a column container 21 with a free water level, which is connected to the separating line at 11 10 is connected. The feed container 19 receives its water from a pump 22 Collecting container 23; its water level is through an overflow 24, the excess water again allows the collecting container 23 to flow, kept essentially constant.

Most of the water entering at 11 flows through the separating line 10, from which it flows at 12 exits again, taking the washed coal with it. It also penetrates into the outlet channel 14. You can use your pressure here to make the mountains rise at 25. The washed coal and the mountains are placed on drainage and desludging facilities, for example, as in shown in the drawing, on vibrating screens 26 and 27 or on bucket elevators or other transfer devices.

If the raw material is muddy, it is advisable to feed in pure water at 28, and draw at the same time sludge-containing water at the bottom 29 of the container 23, so as to have a mean sludge concentration in the closed washing cycle.

In the processing device according to FIG. 4, the arrangement is similar to that just described according to FIG. 3. The separating line 10 can be seen at 10, and at 17 the feed device for the material to be separated to the filling container 18, at 21 the column container for the separating line 10, at 12 the outlet for the light and at 14 the passage for the withdrawal of the heavy parts.

In the arrangement of FIG. 4, precautions are taken to avoid any disturbance caused by changes caused by the amount of water discharged at 14 simultaneously with the heavy parts could. These precautions consist in systematically reintroducing the exact amount withdrawn introduces the device. In the illustrated embodiment, the drainage channel is for the heavy Parts connected to a vertical pipe 30. This riser pipe is at its deepest point at 31 Air blown in to ensure the rise of the heavy parts and the drained water.

The mixture of air, water and heavy parts is fed from the pipe 30 onto an inclined grid 32, which is above an additional liquid inlet to the column container 21. In this way the heavy parts collect on the grid 32, while the withdrawn water is completely removed Column container 21 is supplied.

The modification according to FIG. 5 is very similar to the arrangement according to FIG. 4 just described: One recognizes at 10 the separating line, at 21 the column container for feeding the separating line with water, at 30 the riser pipe in which the heavy components are fed to the grille 32 by the air supplied and that supplies the water to the column container 21 again, and at 18 the container for filling of the material to be separated into the separating line 10. Deviating from the arrangements described so far This is where the material to be separated is fed into the

ίο Separating line by hydraulic means. This arrangement is particularly advantageous because the material to be separated enters the sorting channel already mixed with water.

The water supply to the filling container 18 through the feed device 17 contributes in addition to the water supply from the column container 21 for separating the parts. This water supply from the column container is therefore chosen so that it is a suitable addition that is in the direction of flow in front of the Processing point is introduced and the total flow through the separating line 10 a constant Gives optimum value for separating.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the water supplies from the filling container 18 and from the column container 21 are introduced at 33 in parallel flow into an upper body 34 of the separating line 10. The cross-sections A, B and C are chosen precisely according to the ratio of the heavy parts to the total separation material and according to the ratio of the water from the container 21 to the total water, as is necessary in each individual case with regard to the desired separation effect.

The water supplied with the raw material at 17 can be dirty or muddy as desired; it will normally from the outlet 12 of the light parts in whole or in part via the feed device 17 returned to the cycle. However, it is important for the introduced into the column container 21 Additional water to choose a water that is as pure as possible.

The heavy parts discharged at 32 are freed from the light parts of even the finest grains. The grid 32 can therefore have very tight meshes.

The embodiment according to Fig. 6 is the construction

+5 tion similar to that of FIG. 3; as an example, it represents an application of the invention for treating rare ores. The separating line 10 is operated here in such a way that, in addition to the main dune D, any number of post-washing dunes D ₁ and (or or) D _{2 are} formed, corresponding to the enlarged cross-sections 15 behind and the cross-sectional constrictions 16 in front of the main dune (viewed in the direction of flow). The light parts emerge from the separating line 10 at 12 and fall into a settling basin 35. They are then pressed by a pump 36 into a cyclone 37, where they collect at 38. The heavy parts are collected at 14 immediately. The cleaned liquid in the cyclone 37 is returned by the pump 36 at 39 to the container 19, the overflow 24 of which is connected to the settling basin 35.

FIG. 7 shows, similar to FIG. 1, a separating line 10 in which at 11 the liquid and at 13 the material to be separated enters, while at 12 the light and at 14 the heavy parts exit. But here are downstream at 40 both the inclination and the cross-section of the channel are steadily smaller. The decrease in the The tendency has the task of bringing about the deposition of the small, heavy defective material and it of the diine to feed again. The reduction in cross-section should

compensate for the decrease in distribution density resulting from the decrease in slope. Of the Operation of Figure 7 can be used in whole or in part in any of the embodiments described above use.

The device according to FIG. 8 is used to carry out two separating processes in the material to be separated, so that light parts, a medium material and heavy parts are obtained. A first separating line 10 receives the material to be separated from the container 18 fed at 17. In the line 10, which is fed with the liquid at 11, the dune formations at D, D ₁ and D ₂ cause a first separation; the light parts are separated and taken to exit 12; from here they come to a draining vibrating sieve 26, while the rest of the constituents are fed to the outlet 14. This is connected to a second separating line 10 'which is fed with liquid at 11'.

In the second separating line 10 ', the dune formation at D', D ₁ ' and D _% ' causes the second separation into heavy parts and medium-sized goods. The medium is fed to the outlet 12 ', where it comes to a draining vibrating sieve 26', while the heavy parts enter the line 14 ', from which they can optionally be let rise at 25' onto a draining vibrating sieve 27 '.

The liquid feeds 11 and 11 'to the separating lines 10 and 10' can come from the same column container 21, which can be fed in a manner similar to that in the arrangement according to FIG. 3.

Of course, in the device according to FIG. 8, more than two series-connected could be used Provide separating lines in order to bring about more than two separations in the material to be separated. If applicable, would be it is also conceivable to carry out sorting and classifying at the same time in the device.

The device according to FIG. 9 represents a variant of the arrangement according to FIG. 8. It allows at least two separations of the goods to be separated in order to obtain light parts, a medium good and heavy parts. Here are the Arrangements from FIGS. 4 and 5 are combined with one another, and the raw material is fed to the filling container 18, which thus feeds the separating line 10. This receives its separation water from the column container 21 and joins with a parallel separating line 10 'downstream in a working hull 34 whose output 12 collect the light parts.

The separating line 10 'is fed here from a second column container 21'; this water supplements that from the container 21 to effect separation at 34.

The medium material collects at 14 'at the lower end of the line 10', while the heavy parts collect at 14 at the lower end of the line 10. As in FIG. 5, the cross-sections A, B and C of the lines 10 and 10 'as well as the trunk 34 are suitably determined according to the water throughput at 21 and 21' and according to the proportion of heavy parts and (or or) the medium good chosen in the part to be separated.

Instead of separating the material to be separated into light parts, medium material and heavy parts, one could use the device use according to Fig. 9 to sort the raw material into fine light, coarse light and heavy parts. In this case the fine light parts would be at 12, the coarse light parts at 14 'and the heavy ones at 14 to be collected. Such a separation according to density and grain size is particularly advantageous for raw coal, which is then separated into mud at 12, grains at 14 'and mountains at 14.

Three numerical examples are given below in order to illustrate the mode of operation and the results which can be achieved with the method and the device according to the invention.
5

example 1

This example is about separating raw coal into washed coal and mountains. the

ίο has a separating line for the device used a diameter of 250 mm, and every hour 5 tons of raw coal with grain diameters of 2 to 10 mm processed. In the table below, the first column contains the different density levels, while in the second, third and fourth columns the percentages of the individual density levels are shown the raw coal, the washed coal and the mountains are listed.

20th Density levels Raw material Washed mountains <1.4 money 25 1.4 to L5 53.70 73.7 1.5 to 1.6 11.23 15.3 0.1 1.6 to 1.8 2.65 3.5 0.2 1.8 to 2.0 4.46 4.9 3.2 2.0 to 2.2 2.12 1.2 4.5 30 2.2 to 2.4 3.10 0.6 10 > 2.4 2.90 0.3 10 19.84 0.5 72

According to this, the isolated mountains do not contain any

light parts with a density below 1.4, and in the washed coal there is the small proportion of heavy parts with a density above 2 made of small flat grains.

Example 2

This is about the cutting of diamond-bearing material to be separated, the diamonds, quartz and Contains iron oxide, in concentrate (enriched diamond material) and dead rock. The separation line The device used has a diameter of 92 mm and processes 600 kg per hour Diamond-bearing mineral with grain diameters of 2.4 to 5 mm. The columns in the table below have the same meaning as in the first example.

Raw material concentrate Deaf Density levels rock Vo ° / o ° / o <2.4 3 0 6th 2.4 to 2.5 4th 0 4th 2.5 to 2.6 10 6th 13.5 2.6 to 2.7 19th 14th η Λ r-
ol.D 2.7 to 2.8 27 17th 22.5 2.8 to 2.9 17th 20th 12.5 2.9 to 3.0 9 12th 6th 3.0 to 3.1 4.5 10 2.5 3.1 to 3.2 3 8.5 1 3.2 to 3.3 2 7th 0.5 3.3 to 3.4 1.3 4th 0 3.4 to 3.5 0.2 1.5 0

From the table it can be seen that all diamonds are contained in the concentrate, since the density of the Diamonds is between 3.4 and 3.5.

Claims (9)

The amount of concentrate drawn out was 25.4% of the raw material. Example 3 While the first two examples concerned sorting, this third example is sorting. A pebble-like sand was to be separated into fine components, less than 0.2 mm in diameter, and coarse components. A device according to the invention was used, the separating line of which has a diameter of 92 mm and which processes 122 kg of silica sand with a density of 2.65 per hour. The following table again corresponds to the tables of the first two examples, except that the first column does not list density levels, but grit grades, where the grain diameters are given in μ. Grain grades Raw sand Fine parts Coarse parts 20in, «= 0.001 mm ° / oVo» / 0 <202.893.67020 to 251.081.37025 to 31.51.451.8403531.5 to 402.162.74040 to 502.624050 to 635.968.110.5463 to 793.014.160.2179 to 10020.8528 , 043,2730100 to 12511,4114,414,03125 to 15923,1224,7619,25159 to 20015,786,6538,66200 to 2503,600,1712,17250 to 3154,400,1714,9035315 to 40011,7606,10400 to 5000,2200,87 As you can see, 71.2% of fine parts have been obtained, which are practically free of grains over 200 μ in diameter. Patent claims: 1. Treatment process by means of an upwardly guided in an inclined closed conduit Liquid flow, characterized in that the speed of the ascending Liquid flow and the inclination of the line so matched to each other and to the material to be separated be that the abandoned good in the middle part of the line in a standing vortex movement device from which the lighter parts are discharged upwards and from which the heavy cargo portion slides down on the bottom of the cable. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid flow is locally accelerated upstream of the point of application for the material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid flow downstream is locally slowed down from the point of application for the goods. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the speed of the Liquid flow is slowed down or accelerated at several points. 5. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 4, in which the inclination of the Sorting channel is less in its downstream part, characterized in that in this downstream part (40) the cross-section of the channel also decreases (Fig. 7). 6. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized by an additional liquid inflow [A) of sorting medium at the point of application for the separated material, wherein the liquid and the material from a common feed device (17) in a downstream cross section (C ) of the line occurs which is larger than the cross section located upstream of this feed point (B; Fig. 5). 7. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 4, on the at least two separate fractions of the material to be separated are separated out, characterized by two lines (10 and 10 ') and by a connection (14 or 33) between one of the outlets of the a line (10) with the other line (10 '), this connection being the task point for the second line forms (Fig. 8 or 9). 8. Device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized by a conveying device, preferably in the form of a riser pipe with air injection, with the the heavy parts are withdrawn from the lower part of the sorting device and become one Point above a liquid container (21), where by suitable separating means (32) the Heavy parts are separated from the liquid and the liquid itself is returned to the sorting line is supplied (Figs. 4 and 5). 9. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized by a liquid supply into the sorting line (10) by means of a column container (21) which is higher than the level of the exit point (12) from the sorting line. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 899 931, 862 131, 032; French patent specification No. 1 039 268. In addition 3 sheets of drawings © 909 630/48 9.