DE1041172B - Metal vapor discharge vessel determined for the direction of flow, which is built according to the requirements of pumpless operation and can be used for this mode of operation without further precautions, and a method for opening an additional suction nozzle in such a vessel - Google Patents

Description

Converter, ζ. B. rectifiers, inverters or converters were initially, always with vacuum pumps operated. In general, the vacuum vessel is used in the manufacture of the converter vented and degassed or pre-degassed and then again vented or post-degassed at the installation site. After venting and degassing in the factory, the converter vessel was through a valve closed vacuum-tight. The valves known today do not always close, even with the best quality absolutely tight. This has the consequence that the converter during storage or transport may experience vacuum degradation. The vacuum that occurs during manufacture was produced at great expense, must then also be carried out on the spot by a considerable one The post-degassing process causing expenditure can be restored.

This led to the creation of pump-less power converters with discharge vessels, which were used in the factory were degassed during manufacture and sealed in a vacuum-tight manner. These vessels have the advantage that they do not need a vacuum pump. If, as an exception, the vacuum deteriorates in such vessels after a long period of operation, the vessels are sent back to the factory for renewed degassing.

In some cases, however, it is not possible to send the converters back to the factory for degassing, because they are often used in remote areas from which a return transport to the factory would be very costly. On the other hand, it is z. B. for operational reasons sometimes it is desirable to carry out the evacuation on the spot to improve the vacuum, to save time and money.

The described disadvantages of the converter equipped with pumps can be avoided and the Achieve advantages of the pumpless converters if one determines the direction of the current Metal vapor discharge vessel with the metal vapor supplying vaporizable cathode, one or more Anodes and metallic vessel wall that meet the requirements of pump-less operation is built and can be used for this mode of operation without further precautions, according to the invention one or more in addition to the usual fused-off venting stubs for temporary use or permanent connection of a vacuum pump with additional suction ports Connection of the vacuum pump provides removable vacuum-tight closure. The converter will So built, stored and delivered as a pumpless converter and with a pump unit for Determined for the direction of the current

Metal vapor discharge vessel,

which is built according to the requirements of pumpless operation and

for this mode of operation without any further

Precautions can be used,

and method of opening a

additional suction nozzle

with such a vessel

Applicant:
Siemens-Schuckertwerke

Corporation

Berlin and Erlangen,

Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50

Walter Nehls, Berlin-Haselhorst,
has been named as the inventor

Degassing of the converter vessel equipped on site. The pump unit is advantageous arranged directly on the converter, in such a way that it can be removed to to facilitate the transport, in which the converter and the pump unit are then separated can be transported. The pump set is attached to the converter or to it arranged opposite that the pump assembly suction port in the immediate vicinity of the vent port is the discharge vessel, so that both in can be connected to one another in the simplest way by inserting an intermediate piece. The intermediate piece can contain a device in order to close the ventilation pipe used for the subsequent ventilation finally to be closed in a vacuum-tight manner after the discharge vessel has been vented.

Some embodiments of power converters according to the invention are shown schematically in FIGS shown in which the same parts are numbered with the same numbers. This description is further Details and advantages of the invention can be found.

809 658734-1

In FIG. 1, 1 denotes the converter and 3 denotes the vacuum pump device. The one at the Manufacture of the converter vessel 1 at the point 9 closed ventilation nozzle 10 has an approach 11 with a glass seal 12. At this approach

11, the suction port 6 of the pump z. B. welded (weld 13). At 14 and 15 you can z. B. at the approach 11 power supply lines 16 and 17 are connected from a power source 18 be fed. If boiler 1 is to be vented, after the pipe connection has been completed first the vacuum pump is put into operation; as soon as the vacuum in the short pipe extension piece has sunk sufficiently low, the plug 12 containing the plug 12 is switched on by switching on the power source 18 The pipe section is heated and the plug melted as a result, so that the pump now controls the converter tank can empty and thereby · perform degassing. After degassing is complete then the clamp 15 removed, and if you want to restore the pumpless operation, still while the vacuum pump is running, the pipe socket 11 is squeezed together in a manner known per se and closed vacuum-tight.

The arrangement of the plug 12 has the great advantage that in a subsequent degassing or post-degassing to be carried out when opening the additional suction port 11 through Removing the plug 12 no air can enter the vacuum vessel because the pump is already connected and a vacuum is already present in the suction pipe 6.

In order to be able to degas several times, the ventilation pipe 10 have several approaches 19 to 25 (see Fig. 2), which in the same way as the approach 11 Contain plugs and can be used sequentially for multiple venting.

As the molten material from the plug

12 in the pipe socket 11 a narrowing of the pipe cross-section and thus a more difficult evacuation means, the pipe socket can have an extension, as it is, for. B. shown in FIG. 3 at 26 is.

According to FIG. 4, in addition to the suction nozzle 10, a special pump nozzle 27 with a plug 12 is arranged, to which the pump 3 is connected via an extension 28, which is used for the later final melting or to close off the pipe 27 after the evacuation of the Discharge vessel 1 is used. The arc 27 α of the tube 27 is laid down so that the molten material of the plug 12 cannot get into the discharge vessel. The flange 28 α is advantageously used in those cases in which the pumped operation is to be used for a longer period of time. During assembly, only the flange connection 28 α then needs to be established. If pumpless operation is desired, the tube 28 is closed vacuum-tight in a manner known per se at 28 b (for example, squeezed off and fused). According to FIG. 5, the two nozzles 10 and 27 are connected to one another by a pipe 29. The plug 12 falls into the space 30 after the heating. The purpose of the bore 31 is to allow any mercury that may have accumulated during operation to flow off to the discharge vessel 1 at 32 (FIG. 6).

The invention also brings a special advance in that you can achieve the advantages of operating with a vacuum pump, namely the induction of a very deep vacuum, by longer, z. B. ¹ Zs year long operation with pump brings about excellent post-degassing of the vessel. After this time, the vessel is finally melted, so that you then have the advantage of pump-free operation again. If you have several power converters, a common pump unit is sufficient for them and can be used with one or the other power converter as required. As long as the converter vessels work as pumpless vessels and the vacuum does not deteriorate, the vacuum pump can then be used for other purposes.

When opening the auxiliary connection according to FIG. 5, it is not necessary to completely remove the closure body 12 melt out. Rather, it is sufficient that the outer tube expands in order to release the screw body, so that it can fall down after it has been loosened, which is a considerable saving represents expended thermal energy. The plug itself can either be melted down beforehand or only be shrunk. It can be made from the same material or advantageously from a different material exist, which has a smaller coefficient of expansion than the material of the surrounding it Rohres has. The tube can be made of metal and the plug can also be made of metal, or else the tube can be made of metal and the plug of another material, e.g. B. made of ceramic material, exist. To open this auxiliary evacuation nozzle, it can also suffice that one by supply a large amount of heat in a short time an expansion of the pipe quickly achieved, namely before the plug warms itself up and be there Has increased volume so that the plug can fall off after the expansion of the pipe. This method can especially be used where the pipe and plug come out of the consist of the same material.

The plug can, as indicated in the embodiment of FIG. 1, by electrical The heat generated by the paths can be melted out, but other heat sources can also be used. z. B. Use flames from gas and welding torches or from equipment. But the plug can also purely mechanically, e.g. B. by stretching the pipe wall using the rolling method from the Pipe wall are detached so that it can fall into the free space below.

According to the further invention, the vent connection however, it should also be completely closed and a piece with the plug to be removed bidden. The plug can, for. B. be a piece of the pipe itself or through with the pipe end Welding must be connected to form a unified whole. To remove the plug are in this Case advantageously used mechanical means. Such a means can e.g. B. a punching or Be cutting device, which advantageously provided with hardened cutting punch and has a drive which is advantageously arranged outside of the tube. For this purpose, this can Tube through a drive transmitter, e.g. B. by a yielding part, such as a membrane or a membrane pipe or a corrugated pipe. The drive transformer ensures that the outside force applied to remove the plug is transmitted inside. The remains obtained vacuum-tight closure of the pipe interior.

In Fig. 6, the suction port 33 is closed by the plug 34, which is attached to its connecting

place 35 with the suction nozzle 33 has a reduced cross-section. The diameter 56 is smaller than the diameter 57, so that the plug 34 after its separation from the connecting piece 33 free, d. H. can fall unhindered. The stamp 36 can have hardened cutting edges 37 and a plunger 38, which with the head 39 is against a membrane 40 lays. The projection 41 of the suction nozzle 33 serves as an abutment for the pressure tool 58, which consists of a Bracket 42 and a screw 43 may exist, which with the interposition of a pressure plate 44 presses against the membrane because the bracket 42 with its Claws 45 under the projection 41 of the end of the suction nozzle «33 engages. The. Membrane 40 is with a Weld seam 46 welded to the membrane holder 47 of the suction nozzle 33 in a vacuum-tight manner.

The plug 34 may have a cone 48 which, after the plug has fallen out, causes the The plug 34 does not lie flat on the floor 49 and the opening 50 for the drainage of the cathode metal blocked.

The elbow 51 can be omitted if the suction nozzle 52 is placed directly on the pipe 33 or on a another point on the vacuum vessel, as indicated for example at 53, is arranged. In this case the discharge vessel 1 must have a large opening 54 for the purpose of its subsequent venting and degassing as shown in FIG. The opening 54 is secured by a fuse, e.g. B. a grid 55, closed, which prevents the plug 34 from falling into the discharge vessel after it has been with the help the printing device 58 is punched out. The vacuum pump is to the flange tube 56 with the Flange 57 connected. The tube 56 must advantageously be long enough to after venting and degassing the discharge vessel 1 in a manner known per se in a vacuum-tight manner by squeezing it off and to be able to complete sawing and welding.

To prevent damage to the suction nozzle or unintentional actuation of the drive mechanism the nozzle with a protective cap 60 that extends over the membrane can be used for the membrane be provided (see. Fig. 8). This protective cap can be welded on (weld seam 62) * 5 or be screwed and at the same time screw 43 as a carrier of the nut thread 61 for the connection to serve. The removable bracket 42 with clamp 45 is omitted. Instead of the screw 43, the Transport or their non-use a short, sealable screw, not shown, used so that the drive device can not be operated unauthorized or inadvertently.

According to the further invention, the suction nozzle 33, in particular the collecting device, the Sieve or a basket 55, completely or partially laid in the interior of the vacuum vessel, as it is the Fig. 9 illustrates. In this figure, the suction connection 63 is designed as a basket for catching the plug 34 educated. The basket has openings 64 for that Passage of the air. With 1 the vessel wall is again referred to.

In order to reduce the compressive force that has to be applied to shear out the plug 34, the punch 36 on its cutting edge 37 cannot act on the entire circumference of the plug to be cut out, but only on individual points on the circumference. For this purpose, the punch 36 (FIG. 10) can either be inclined at its cutting edge 37 (edge 37a), or the punch can be provided with cutting teeth 37b distributed around the circumference (cf. FIG. 11). The cutting edge can, however, also run in an undulating manner (37 c in FIG. 13).

But you can also avoid cutting out a plug entirely if you keep the plug thickness in this way reduced as much as possible and the cutting tool according to FIGS. 12 and 14 with a point 65 and grooves or holes 71, 72 provided after the cutting tool has passed through the at the point of the plug, the thin waod part 67 establishes a connection between that connected to the discharge vessel Make part 68 of the suction nozzle and the part 69 of the suction nozzle connected to the pump (see Fig. 12). According to FIG. 12, the needle-shaped punch 65 has grooves 66 distributed around the circumference, which, after the tip 65 has passed through the plug 67, establishes a connection between the suction nozzle part 68 and the suction piece 69 create so that the air to be evacuated in the direction of the Arrow 70 can flow through.

Claims (23)

Patent claims: 1. Metal vapor discharge vessel with the metal vapor supplying device intended for the direction of current vaporizable cathode, one or more anodes and metallic vessel wall, the built according to the requirements of pumpless operation and for this operating mode can be used without further precautions, indicated by one or more next to the the usual fused-off venting stubs (9), either temporary or permanent Connection of a vacuum pump set up additional suction nozzles (11, 19, 25) with after connection the vacuum pump removable vacuum-tight closure (12) (Fig. 1, 2). 2. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the additional Suction nozzle (27) a fusible plug is provided and the additional suction nozzle one Curvature (27 a ·) which, after the plug has been heated, causes the plug material to flow in the converter vessel (1) prevented (Fig. 4). 3. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that an extension (26) in the additional suction nozzle (11) for receiving the plug material after melting of the plug material is provided in order to reduce the cross-section when the Avoid clogging (Fig. 3). 4. Method for opening an additional suction nozzle in a metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that when the closure is opened, the plug (12) is not melted out, but only treated by the action of heat and that by brought the resulting pipe expansion of the plug into a pipe section below will. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that by supplying a large Amount of heat reached in a short time such an expansion of the additional suction nozzle before the plug has warmed up and expanded so that the plug becomes free and out of the seal can fall out. 6. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure serving plug consists of a material, which has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the pipe wall itself. 7. metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the vent port (33) is completely closed and with the plug to be removed (34) forms a piece (Fig. 6). 8. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 7, characterized in that the vent connection is completely closed and with the plug to be removed z. B. is united into a single whole by welding. 9. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 7, characterized in that the connection point (35) of the plug (34) with the vent port (33) one opposite the vent port (33) has reduced diameter (Fig. 6). 10. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 7, characterized in that for mechanisehen Opening of the suction nozzle (33) a punching or cutting device (37) is arranged (Fig. 6). 11. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 10, characterized in that the punching and cutting device consists of a punch (38) consists, on the one hand against the plug (34). on the other hand against a membrane (40) (Fig. 6). 12. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 11, characterized in that the vent connection (33) closed by a membrane (40) or a membrane tube or a corrugated tube is. 13. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 11, characterized by a drive device for the punch (38), which is separate from it and outside the vent port (33) is arranged (Fig. 6 and 8). 14. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 13, characterized in that the drive device (58) is removable and designed as a printing device and by a Screw, a lever or a wedge acts on the punching tool (36) (Fig. 6). 15. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 11, characterized in that the stamp (38) has hardened cutting edges (37). 16. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 7, characterized in that the plug (34) is provided with projections (48) such that after falling into the cylindrical Part (32) the drainage hole (50) for 'the cathode metal cannot close (Fig. 6). 17. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 16, characterized in that the drainage hole (50) is arranged outside the center line (59) (Fig. 7). 18. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 16, characterized in that a sieve (55) or a grid on the drain opening (50) for the cathode metal or on the vent and Vent opening (54) is arranged, the falling of the plug or plug material in the discharge vessel (1) prevented (Fig. 7). 19. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 12, characterized in that a protective device for the membrane is arranged, if necessary designed as part of the drive for opening the additional suction nozzle and possibly is firmly connected to the head of the additional suction nozzle. 20. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 19, characterized in that a sealed screw plug is provided in place the drive screw can be used when the drive is not in use. 21. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional Suction nozzle is arranged wholly or partially in the interior of the vacuum vessel and that its the lower end is designed as a basket for collecting the plug (Fig. 9). 22. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 10, characterized in that the cutting edge of the cutting tool not over the entire circumference, but only in one place or several Places the circumference engages (Fig. 10 to 13), and the cutting edge or the cutting edges (36) of the cutting tool beveled (37 a- in Fig. 11) or corrugated (37 c in Fig. 14). 23. Metal vapor discharge vessel according to claim 22, characterized in that the plug thickness (67) kept small and the cutting tool with grooves (66) or one or more on the circumference distributed holes (71 in Fig. 14) is provided for the passage of the air. Considered publications:
AEG-Mitteilungen, 1951, Heft9 / 10, pp.165bis176; Müller-Uhlenhoff: Electric power converters, Braunschweig 1940, p. 139. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © S09 658/341 10.58