CN1496980A - 具有抗哮喘、抗过敏和免疫抑制/免疫调节作用的n-取代的吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物 - Google Patents
具有抗哮喘、抗过敏和免疫抑制/免疫调节作用的n-取代的吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1496980A CN1496980A CNA021320616A CN02132061A CN1496980A CN 1496980 A CN1496980 A CN 1496980A CN A021320616 A CNA021320616 A CN A021320616A CN 02132061 A CN02132061 A CN 02132061A CN 1496980 A CN1496980 A CN 1496980A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- acetaldehyde amide
- indol
- pyridin
- alkyl
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- -1 N-substituted indole-3-acetaldehyde amide compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000001088 anti-asthma Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000924 antiasthmatic agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000007365 immunoregulation Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Natural products CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000814 indol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2N([H])C([H])=C([*])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的N-取代的吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物、其制备方法及其药物用途。该化合物具有抗哮喘、抗过敏和免疫抑制/免疫调节作用。
Description
吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物具有多种用途,可用作药物活性化合物以及在药物化学中用作合成原料。
专利申请NL 6502481记载了具有抗炎和解热作用以及镇痛活性的化合物。
英国专利GB 1028812提到了具有镇痛、抗惊厥和β-肾上腺素能活性的吲哚基-3-乙醛酸衍生物及其酰胺。
G.Domschke等(通讯(Ber.)194,2353(1961))记载了3-吲哚基乙醛酰胺类化合物但未描述该化合物的药理学特征。
E.Walton等,在药物化学杂志(J.Med.Chem.)11,1252(1968)报道了对磷酸甘油脱氢酶和乳酸脱氢酶有抑制活性的吲哚基-3-乙醛酸衍生物。
欧洲专利说明书EP 0675110 A1记载了1H-吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物,该化合物是sPLA2抑制剂,可用于治疗脓毒性休克、胰腺炎、过敏性鼻炎以及类风湿性关节炎。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗哮喘和免疫调节作用的、新的吲哚基-3-乙醛酸化合物系列。
此外还描述这些化合物的制备方法以及将新的化合物转变成药物的制药方法及其剂型。
本发明涉及通式I的化合物,
式I
其中的基团R、R1、R2、R3、R4、Z具有如下含义
R=氢、(C1-C6)-烷基,其中的烷基可被苯基单取代或多取代,所述苯基本身可以被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羧基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基和苄基单取代或多取代,所述苄基在其苯基部分被(C1-C6)-烷基、卤原子或三氟甲基单取代或多取代;
R1可以是被(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、羟基、苄氧基、硝基、氨基、(C1-C6)-烷氨基、(C1-C6)-烷氧羰基氨基、羧基或被(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基单取代或多取代的苯环,或是式II的吡啶结构,
式II
其中,所述吡啶结构可以连接在环碳原子2、3或4上并且可以被取代基R5和R6取代。R5和R6可以相同或不同,可以是(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、硝基、氨基、羟基、卤素、三氟甲基、乙氧羰基氨基和其中的烷基部分含有1-4个碳原子的羧基烷氧基;
R1还可以是2-或4-嘧啶基杂环或吡啶基甲基,其中的CH2可以位于2-、3-或4-位,其中的2-嘧啶基还可以被甲基单取代或多取代,此外还可以是被(C1-C6)-烷基、卤素、硝基、氨基和(C1-C6)-烷氨基取代的2-、3-和4-喹啉基结构,或是2-、3-和4-喹啉基甲基,其中吡啶基甲基和喹啉基甲基的环碳原子可以被(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、硝基、氨基和(C1-C6)-烷氧羰基氨基取代;
R1 在R是氢或苄基的情况下还可以是天然或合成氨基酸的酰基,例如α-甘氨酰基、α-肌氨酰基、α-丙氨酰、α-亮氨酰基、α-异亮氨酰基、α-丝氨酰基、α-苯丙氨酰基、α-组氨酰基、α-脯氨酰基、α-精氨酰基、α-赖氨酰基、α-天冬酰胺酰(α-asparagyl)和α-谷氨酰基,其中各氨基酸的氨基可以是未保护或保护形式的,氨基功能基保护基可以是苄酯基(Z基团)、叔丁氧羰基(BOC基团)或乙酰基。当R1是天冬酰胺酰或谷氨酰基时,其第二个未结合的羧基是游离的羧基或是与C1-C6-链烷醇形成的酯的形式,例如甲酯、乙酯或叔丁酯。R1还可以是烯丙氨基羰基-2-甲基丙-1-基。如果R1是氨基亚烷基,R和R1与它们所连接的氮原子合在一起还可以形成式III的哌嗪环或高哌嗪(homopiperazine)环,其中
式III
R7是烷基、可被(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、卤素、硝基、氨基、(C1-C6)-烷氨基、二苯甲基和二-对-氟二苯甲基(Bis-p-fluorbenzylhydryl)单取代或多取代的苯环。
R2可以是氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,其中的烷基可被卤素和苯基单取代或多取代,所述苯基又可以被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羧基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苄氧基单取代或多取代。作为R2的(C1-C6)-烷基还可以被2-喹啉基和2-、3-和4-吡啶基取代,所述喹啉基和吡啶基又可以被卤素、(C1-C4)-烷基或(C1-C4)-烷氧基单取代或多取代。R2还可以是芳酰基,其中该基团所基于的芳基部分是苯环,其可以被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羧基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苄氧基单取代或多取代。
R3和R4可以相同或不同并且可以是氢、羟基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、(C1-C6)-链烷酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、卤素和苄氧基。R3和R4还可以是硝基、氨基、(C1-C4)-单-或二烷基-取代的氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧羰基氨基或(C1-C3)-烷氧羰基氨基-(C1-C3)-烷基。
Z 是O或S。
应当理解,基团R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7中的烷基、链烷醇、烷氧基或烷基氨基是指“直链”和“支链”的烷基,其中“直链烷基”可以是例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基和正己基,“支链烷基”是指例如异丙基或叔丁基。“环烷基”应理解为是指例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴或碘。术语“烷氧基”表示例如甲氧基、乙氧基、 丙氧基、丁氧基、异丙氧基、异丁氧基或戊氧基。
本发明的化合物还可以是酸加成盐的形式,例如无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸的盐;有机酸如乙酸、乳酸、丙二酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、柠檬酸、扑酸(embonic acid)、甲磺酸、三氟乙酸和琥珀酸的盐。
式I化合物及其盐均具有生物学活性。可将式I化合物以游离的形式或与生理可耐受的酸形成的盐的形式给药。
可以通过口服、胃肠外、静脉内、透皮或吸入给药。
本发明还涉及药物制剂,该药物制剂含有至少一种式I化合物或其与生理可耐受的无机或有机酸形成的盐,如需要,还可含有可药用的赋形剂和/或稀释剂或辅剂。
适宜的给药形式包括,例如片剂、包衣片、胶囊、溶液剂或安瓿、栓剂、贴剂、可以吸入的散剂、混悬剂、霜剂和软膏。
在以下药理学模型中,本发明的化合物对例如移植、牛皮癣、类风湿性关节炎和慢性多关节炎等疾病具有良好的抗哮喘、抗过敏和免疫抑制/免疫调节作用:
对过敏原攻击24小时后豚鼠BAL中“晚期”嗜曙红细胞增多的抑制作用
将雄性豚鼠(200-250g,Dunkin Hartley Shoe)通过皮下注射卵白蛋白(10μg卵白蛋白+1mg Al(OH)3)致敏并在2周后增强。用卵白蛋白增强1周后,使动物吸入卵白蛋白(0.5%浓度的溶液)20-30秒进行攻击。24小时后,施用超剂量的尿烷处死动物,放血并用2×5ml 0.9%的生理盐水溶液进行支气管肺泡的灌洗(BAL)。
收集灌洗液并以400g离心10分钟,将沉积物悬浮在1ml0.9%的生理盐水溶液中。用Becton Dickinson试验试剂盒5877染色后,通过显微镜在Neubauer室中对嗜曙红细胞进行计数。该试验试剂盒含有焰红染料B作为嗜曙红细胞的选择性染色剂。对各动物BAL中的嗜曙红细胞进行计数并用嗜曙红细胞(百万/动物)表示。测得各组的平均值和标准偏差。根据下式计算用试验物质处理的组中嗜曙红细胞的抑制百分比:
(A-B)-(B-C)/(A-C)×100=%抑制式中A嗜曙红细胞对应于未处理的攻击组,B嗜曙红细胞对应于处理组,C嗜曙红细胞对应于未攻击的对照组。
在用过敏原攻击前2小时将动物用组胺H1拮抗剂(氮斯汀;0.01mg/kg,口服)处理以避免死亡。过敏原攻击后4小时施用试验物质或载体。用6-10只动物的组计算BAL中嗜曙红细胞增多的抑制百分数。
表:对过敏原攻击24小时后豚鼠“晚期”嗜曙红细胞增多的抑制作用
| 物质 | 剂量[mg/kg] | 给药 | n | %抑制作用 |
| 环孢菌素A | 51030 | 腹膜内+4小时腹膜内+4小时口服+4小时 | 171110 | 50.047.068.8 |
| 实施例1的化合物 | 51030 | 腹膜内+4小时腹膜内+4小时口服+4小时 | 10109 | 27.855.456.1 |
测定肽基脯氨酸异构酶(PPIase)活性和抑制作用的试验
根据Fischer等(1984)的描述通过酶促方法测定亲环蛋白的PPIase活性。将底物用肽基脯氨酸异构酶异构化后,将其与可裂解发色团对-硝基苯胺的糜蛋白酶接触。为了测定试验物质对PPIase活性的抑制作用,使用重组的人Cyp B。按照如下方法完成Cyp B与潜在抑制剂的相互作用:
将一定浓度纯化的Cyp B与1μM底物一起保温15分钟。向含有HEPES缓冲液、糜蛋白酶和试验-或对照样品的反应混合物中加入底物溶液开始PPIase的反应。在这些条件下,获得一级动力学,常数K观察=K0+Kenz,其中K0是自发的异构化作用,Kenz是PPIase活性的异构化作用的速率。用Beckman DU 70分光光度计在10℃的恒定反应温度下测定与裂解的发色团的量相对应的消光值。
将在各种物质存在下观察到的残留活性与仅用溶剂处理的亲环蛋白进行比较。结果以%残留活性表示。用环孢菌素A(CsA)作为参照化合物。另外通过SDS-PAGE检验对PPIase的抑制作用。用于非放射性定量细胞增殖和存活能力的比色分析(基于MTT试验)
用MTT定量测定在生长因子和细胞因子如IL-2和IL-4作用下的细胞增殖和活化并对抗增殖或毒性效果进行定量。
该分析是基于黄色的四唑鎓盐MTT被代谢活性细胞裂解成紫红色的甲结晶。
将细胞于96孔组织培养板中培养,将培养的细胞与黄色的MTT溶液一起保温约4小时。保温后,形成紫红色的甲盐结晶。该盐结晶不溶于含水溶液,但可通过加入增溶剂并将平板保温过夜使其溶解。
将溶解的甲产物用ELISA读数器进行分光光度定量。活细胞数量的增加可导致样品中总代谢活性的增加。代谢活性的增加与形成的紫红色的甲结晶的量直接相关,甲结晶的量通过吸光度进行测定。
| 物质 | PPIase活性的抑制[%] | CD3-介导的IL-2生产的抑制[%] | 淋巴细胞增殖的抑制[%] | ||||
| 浓度[μM] | 0.1 | 1 | 10 | 0.1 | 1 | 10 | |
| 实施例1的化合物环孢菌素A | 80-10080-100 | 3456 | 7282 | 9594 | 188 | 397 | 6111 |
在以下反应路线1和2以及一般方法中描述了制备本发明化合物的方法。所有化合物均可按照所描述的方法或类似的方法制得。
通式I的化合物可根据如下反应路线1制得,反应路线1给出了实施例1化合物的合成:
反应路线1
根据反应路线1制备通式I化合物的一般方法
第一步:
将吲哚衍生物(可以是未取代的或在C-2或苯基上被单取代或多取代)溶于质子有机溶剂、偶极非质子传递有机溶剂或非极性有机溶剂如异丙醇、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、二氧六环、甲苯或二氯甲烷并将其滴加到摩尔量或过量的碱例如氢化钠、粉末状氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钾、二甲氨基吡啶或氨基钠在适宜溶剂中的悬浮液中,所述碱悬浮液在氮气氛下于三颈瓶中制得。然后加入所需的烷基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基卤化物,如需要,可加入催化剂如铜,然后将该混合物反应一段时间,例如30分钟至12小时,反应温度保持在0℃-120℃的范围内,优选在30℃-80℃之间、特别是50℃-65℃之间。反应结束后,将反应混合物加入水中,将溶液用例如乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃萃取并将得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。将有机相真空浓缩,剩余的残余物通过研制形成结晶或将油状残余物通过重结晶、蒸馏或硅胶或氧化铝快速或柱色谱纯化。所用洗脱剂为,例如二氯甲烷和乙醚的混合物(8∶2,体积比)或二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物(9∶1,体积比)。
第二步
将上述第一步制得的N-取代的吲哚在氮气氛下溶于非质子传递或非极性有机溶剂如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷或氯仿,然后加入到于氮气氛下制得的、仅仅摩尔量至60%过量的草酰氯在非质子传递或非极性溶剂如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷或氯仿的溶液中,期间温度保持在-5℃至20℃。然后将反应混合物加热30分钟至5小时,加热温度为10℃-130℃之间、优选在20℃-80℃之间、特别优选在30℃-50℃之间,然后将溶剂蒸发。将由此制得的“吲哚基-3-乙醛酰氯”的残余物溶于非质子传递溶剂如四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、甲苯或偶极非质子传递溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲亚砜,冷却至10℃至-15℃,优选-5℃至0℃,然后在酸清除剂的存在下与伯胺或仲胺在稀释剂中的溶液混合。
可以使用的稀释剂是以上用于溶解吲哚基-3-乙醛酰氯的溶剂。所用的酸清除剂是三乙胺、吡啶、二甲氨基吡啶、碱性离子交换剂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、粉末状氢氧化钾和反应所用的过量的伯胺或仲胺。反应在0℃至120℃的温度下进行,优选20℃-80℃,特别优选40℃-60℃。反应1-3小时并室温放置24小时后,滤除酸清除剂的盐酸盐,将滤液真空浓缩,残余物用有机溶剂重结晶或通过硅胶或氧化铝柱色谱纯化。所用的洗脱剂是,例如二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物(95∶5,体积比)。
实施例
根据反应路线1所基于的,第1步和第2步的一般方法,合成了具有如下各化学名称的化合物。在如下的表1中,从通式I以及取代基R1-R4和Z可以看到这些化合物的结构及其熔点。
实施例1
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]-乙醛酰胺
第1步
1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚
将11.72g(0.1mol)吲哚的50ml二甲亚砜溶液加入到2.64g氢化钠(0.11mol,矿物油分散液)和100ml二甲亚砜的混合物中。将混合物于60℃加热1.5小时,然后冷却并滴加15.9g(0.11mol)4-氟苄基氯。将溶液升温至60℃,放置过夜,然后在搅拌下倒入400ml水中。将混合物用总量为150ml的二氯甲烷萃取数次,将有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并将滤液真空浓缩。将残余物高真空蒸馏:21.0g(理论产量的96%)b.p.(0.5mm):140℃
第2步
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]-乙醛酰胺
0℃及氮气下,将4.75g(21.1mmol)1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚的25ml乙醚溶液滴加到2.25ml草酰氯的25ml乙醚溶液中。将混合物回流2小时,然后蒸除溶剂。然后向残余物中加入50ml四氢呋喃,将该溶液冷却至-5℃并滴加4.66g(49.5mmol)4-氨基吡啶的200ml THF溶液。将该混合物回流3小时,然后室温放置过夜。抽滤除去4-氨基吡啶盐酸盐,将沉淀用THF洗涤,真空浓缩滤液并将残余物用乙酸乙酯重结晶。
产量:7.09g(理论产量的90%)
熔点:225-226℃
元素分析:
计算值 C 70.77 H 4.32 N 11.25
实测值 C 71.09 H 4.36 N 11.26
实施例2 N-(吡啶-4-基)-(1-甲基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例3 N-(吡啶-3-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例4 N-(吡啶-3-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例5 N-(吡啶-3-基)-[1-(2-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例6 N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例7 N-(4-硝基苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例8 N-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例9 N-(吡啶-4-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例10 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(3-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例11 N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(2-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例12 N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(3-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例13 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例14 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(2-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例15 N-(吡啶-2-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例16 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(2-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例17(4-苯基哌嗪-1-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例18 N-(吡啶-2-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例19 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-6-乙氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例20 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例21 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-6-环戊氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例22 4-(吡啶4-基)-哌嗪-1-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例23 N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苄基)-N-(烯丙氨基羰基-2-甲基丙-1-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例24 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-甲氧基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例25 N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
实施例26 N-(吡啶4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙氧羰基氨基甲基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
式1
表1:根据反应路线1的新的吲哚基乙醛酰胺
表1:根据反应路线1的新的吲哚基乙醛酰胺
表1:根据反应路线1的新的吲哚基乙醛酰胺
表1:根据反应路线1的新的吲哚基乙醛酰胺
根据合成路线1制得的表1所列通式I化合物的原料
用于实施例1-22以及24-26的最后合成步骤的所有前体均可购买到。
此外,通式I的化合物还可以根据合成路线2制得,合成路线2给出了实施例27化合物的合成:
合成路线2
根据反应路线2制备通式1化合物的一般方法
第1步:
将吲哚衍生物(可以是未取代的或在C-2或苯基上被取代)溶于溶剂(例如溶解草酰氯所用的溶剂),将该溶液在-5℃至+5℃间滴加到于氮气氛下制备的、仅仅摩尔量至60%过量的草酰氯在非质子传递溶剂或非极性溶剂如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或二氯甲烷的溶液中。然后,将反应溶液在10℃-120℃下加热1-5小时,优选在20℃-80℃下加热,更优选在30℃-60℃下加热,然后,将溶剂蒸出。将残余的(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰氯溶解或悬浮于非质子传递溶剂如四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、甲苯或偶极非质子传递溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲亚砜中,冷却至-10℃至+10℃,优选-5℃至0℃,然后在酸清除剂存在下,与伯胺或仲胺在稀释剂中的溶液进行混合。可以采用的稀释剂是用于溶解“吲哚基-3-乙醛酰氯”的溶剂。所用的酸清除剂是三乙胺、吡啶、二甲氨基吡啶、碱性离子交换剂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、粉末状氢氧化钾及过量的反应所用的伯胺或仲胺。反应在0℃-120℃、优选20℃-80℃、更优选40℃-60℃下进行。反应1-4小时并室温放置24小时后过滤,用水消化沉淀,抽滤出固体并真空干燥。通过在有机溶剂中重结晶或通过硅胶或氧化铝柱色谱对所需化合物进行纯化。所采用的洗脱剂是例如二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物(10∶1,体积比)。
第2步:
将上述第1步制得的“吲哚-3-基乙醛酰胺”溶于质子有机溶剂、偶极非质子传递有机溶剂或非极性有机溶剂例如异丙醇、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯究酮、二氧六环、甲苯或二氯甲烷中并将其滴加到仅仅摩尔量或过量的碱例如氢化钠、粉末状氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钾、二甲氨基吡啶或氨基钠在适宜溶剂中的悬浮液中,所述碱悬浮液在氮气氛下于三颈瓶中制得。然后将所需的烷基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基卤化物以未稀释的形式或在稀释剂中的溶液的形式加入,所述稀释剂例如也用于溶解“吲哚-3-基乙醛酰胺”,如需要,还可加入催化剂例如铜,然后将该混合物反应一段时间,例如30分钟至12小时,反应温度保持在0℃-120℃的范围内,优选在30℃-80℃之间、特别是50℃-70℃之间。反应结束后,将反应混合物加入水中,将溶液用例如乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或正丁醇萃取并将得到的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。
将有机相真空浓缩,剩余的残余物通过研制形成结晶或将油状残余物通过蒸馏或硅胶或氧化铝柱色谱或快速色谱纯化。所用洗脱剂为,例如二氯甲烷和乙醚的混合物(8∶2,体积比)或二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物(9∶1,体积比)。
实施例
按照合成路线2所基于的步骤1和2的一般方法合成化合物,所述化合物已按照反应路线1的合成过程制得并列于表1中。这些化合物的相应前体列于表2。
实施例27
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]-乙醛酰胺
(最终物质,与实施例1相同)
第1步:
N-(吡啶-4-基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
0℃下,将10g(85.3mmol)吲哚的100ml乙醚溶液滴加至9ml草酰氯的100ml无水乙醚溶液中。将混合物在回流下保持3小时。然后;于-5℃下滴加12g(127.9mmol)4-氨基吡啶的500ml四氢呋喃悬浮液,将反应混合物回流搅拌加热3小时,然后将其室温下放置过夜。滤出沉淀,用水处理并将干燥后的化合物用硅胶柱(硅胶60,Merck AG,Darmstadt)纯化,用二氯甲烷/乙醇(10∶1,体积比)洗脱。
收率:9.8g(理论产量的43.3%)
熔点:>250℃
第2步
N
-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
按照“苄基化方法”(第9页),将第1步获得的N-(吡啶-4-基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺与4-氟苄基氯反应,分离出得到的化合物。
收率:理论产量的41%
熔点:224-225℃
元素分析:
计算值 C 70.77 H 4.32 N 11.25
实测值 C 70.98 H 4.40 N 11.49
实施例28 N-(4-硝基苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺(最终物质,与实施例7相同)
实施例29 N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺(最终物质,与实施例6相同)
实施例30 N-(吡啶-3-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺(最终物质,与实施例3相同)
下述前体(反应路线2的第1步,表2)按照反应路线2制得。
实施例31 N-(吡啶-4-基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例32 N-(4-硝基苯基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例33 N-(4-氟苯基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
实施例34 N-(吡啶-3-基)-(吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
式1
表2:根据反应路线2的新的吲哚基乙醛酰胺
Claims (8)
1.式I的N-取代的吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物,
或其酸加成盐,
其中的基团R、R1、R2、R3、R4、Z具有如下含义:
R表示(1)氢或
(2)(C1-C4)-烷基,其中的烷基选择性地被苯环单取代或多取代,所述苯环选择性地被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羰基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基和苄基单取代或多取代,所述苄基选择性地在其苯基部分被(C1-C6)-烷基、卤原子或三氟甲基单取代或多取代;
R1表示(1)2-或4-嘧啶基杂环,其中的CH2位于2-、3-或4-位,其中的2-嘧啶基环还可以被甲基单取代或多取代;
(2)合成氨基酸的酰基,例如α-甘氨酰基、α-肌氨酰基、α-丙氨酰、α-亮氨酰基、α-异亮氨酰基、α-丝氨酰基、α-苯丙氨酰基、α-组氨酰基、α-脯氨酰基、α-精氨酰基、α-赖氨酰基、α-天冬酰胺酰和α-谷氨酰基,其中所述氨基酸的氨基是未保护或保护形式的;氨基功能基保护基可以是苄酯基(Z基团)、叔丁氧羰基(BOC基团)或乙酰基,当R1是天冬酰胺酰或谷氨酰基时,其第二个未结合的羧基是游离的羧基或是与C1-C6-链烷醇形成的酯的形式,例如甲酯、乙酯或叔丁酯;
(3)如果R1是氨基亚烷基,R和R1与它们所连接的氮原子合
在一起还可以形成式III的哌嗪环或高哌嗪环,其中
式III
R7是烷基、可被(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、卤素、硝基、氨基、(C1-C6)-烷氨基、二苯甲基和二-对-氟二苯甲基单取代或多取代的苯环。
R2表示(1)氢;
(2)(C1-C6)-烷基,其中的烷基选择性地被卤素或苯环单取代或多取代,所述苯环又选择性地被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羰基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苄氧基单取代或多取代;
所述(C1-C6)-烷基中的烷基还可以被2-喹啉基或2-、
3-或4-吡啶基结构取代,所述喹啉基和吡啶基又选择性地被卤素、(C1-C4)-烷基或(C1-C4)-烷氧基单取代或多取代,
(3)芳酰基,其中该基团所基于的芳基部分是苯环,其选择性地被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、羰基、用(C1-C6)-链烷醇酯化的羧基、三氟甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苄氧基单取代或多取代;
R3和R4相同或不同并且表示氢、羟基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C7)-环烷基、(C1-C6)-链烷酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、卤素和苄氧基、硝基、氨基、(C1-C4)-单-或二烷基-取代的氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧
羰基氨基或(C1-C3)-烷氧羰基氨基-(C1-C3)-烷基;
Z表示O或S;
其中的烷基、链烷醇、烷氧基和烷基氨基可以是直链或支链的。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物:
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)吲哚-3-基]-乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-(1-甲基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-3-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-3-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-3-基)-[1-(2-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(4-硝基苯基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(3-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(4-氟苯基)[1-(2-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(4-氟苯基)-[1-(3-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(2-氯苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-2-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(2-吡啶基甲基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺(4-苯基哌嗪-1-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-2-基)-(1-苄基吲哚-3-基)乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-6-乙氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-6-环戊氧羰基氨基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苄基)-N-(烯丙氨基羰基-2-甲基丙-1-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-甲氧基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺
N-(吡啶-4-基)-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙氧羰基氨基甲基吲哚-3-基]乙醛酰胺。
3.权利要求1或2的式I化合物用于生产药物的用途。
4.权利要求1-2中任一项的式I化合物单独或彼此组合在生产具有抗哮喘、抗过敏和免疫抑制/免疫调节作用的、用于移植和诸如牛皮癣、类风湿性疾病和慢性多关节炎之类疾病的药物中的用途。
5.含有至少一种权利要求1或2所述的式I化合物和常用赋形剂和/或稀释剂或辅剂的药物。
6.权利要求5所述的药物,其形式为片剂、包衣片、胶囊、溶液剂或安瓿、栓剂、贴剂、可通过吸入给药的散剂、混悬剂、霜剂和软膏。
7.药物的生产方法,其特征在于将权利要求1或2所述的式I化合物和常用的药物赋形剂和/或稀释剂或其它辅剂一起加工成药物制剂或制成治疗可应用的形式。
8.权利要求1所述式I的N-取代的吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其中R、R1、R2、R3、R4和Z具有权利要求1所述的含义,其特征在于,
a)将式IV的吲哚衍生物
其中R3和R4具有上述含义,加入到碱在质子有机溶剂、偶极非质子传递有机溶剂或非极性有机溶剂的悬浮液中,与带有基团R2的活泼化合物反应,其中R2具有上述含义,将式V的1-吲哚衍生物
其中R2、R3和R4具有上述含义,在非质子传递或非极性有机溶剂中与式VI的活泼化合物反应
(C-Z-Hal)2 VI其中Z是氧,Hal是卤素氟、氯、溴或碘,然后与式VII的伯胺或仲胺在非质子传递或偶极非质子传递溶剂中反应
HNRR1 VII其中的R和R1具有上述含义,然后分离出式I的目标化合物,或者
b)将式IV的吲哚衍生物
其中R3和R4具有上述含义,在非质子传递溶剂或非极性溶剂中与式VI的活泼化合物反应
(C-Z-Hal)2 VI其中Z是氧,Hal是卤素氟、氯、溴或碘,然后与式VII的伯胺或仲胺在非质子传递溶剂或偶极非质子传递溶剂中反应
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| DE19636150A1 (de) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-12 | Asta Medica Ag | N-substituierte Indol-3-glyoxylamide mit antiasthmatischer, antiallergischer und immunsuppressiver/immunmodulierender Wirkung |
| YU59600A (sh) * | 1998-03-31 | 2002-12-10 | The Institute For Pharmaceutical Discovery Inc. | Supstituisane indolalkanoidske kiseline |
| DE19946301A1 (de) | 1998-04-02 | 2001-04-19 | Asta Medica Ag | Indolyl-3-glyoxylsäure-Derivate mit therapeutisch wertvollen Eigenschaften |
| DE19814838C2 (de) * | 1998-04-02 | 2001-01-18 | Asta Medica Ag | Indolyl-3-glyoxylsäure-Derivate mit Antitumorwirkung |
| CZ302588B6 (cs) * | 1998-04-02 | 2011-07-27 | Ziopharm Oncology, Inc. | Použití N-substituovaného indol-3-glyoxylamidu pro výrobu léciva |
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